1035:
170:
133:
1010:
1191:
all parties would get their full proportional number of seats, and one party would get the (nominal) bonus on top of that, the total number of seats would increase. While this means the size of the effective bonus (without other factors giving an effective bonus) if always smaller than the nominal one in terms of percentages, this naturally means all the parties who don't receive a bonus have a naturally less seats than they would proportionally.
36:
1022:
1175:, a tenth of the assembly seats are granted to the winning coalition on top of those allocated proportionally. The size of majority bonuses may vary greatly, from as low as a few seats to up to 50%. In case of a bonus of 50%, the party also received their proportional share of the other 50% seats, which make a
1775:
As the table shows, especially with a high bonus/jackpot, the two methods lead to different result, with the bonus always providing a higher seat share. For this reason the two are not usually directly compared in this, majority bonuses tend to be smaller than jackpots. The effect of a 55% jackpot
1190:
favoring large parties would give an even larger bonus to the largest party. The reason why the difference of the seats share and vote share (the effective bonus) is lower than the bonus is that the number of non-bonus seats to be allocated proportionally is less than the total number of seats. If
1771:
and an effectively flexible "bonus"), while the bonus system gives the bonus and a proportional share of the rest of the seats. The jackpot only modifies the seat share when the largest party's proportional seats count based on its vote share is below the size of the jackpot.
2054:
The current system as of
September 2024 gives no bonus to the first party if it gets less than 25% of the vote. If it gets more than that, then it gets a bonus of 20 seats plus one seat for every 0.5% of the vote above 25% capping off at 50 seats which is reached at
1427:
while its goal in a political science sense is to provide for stable majorities (a bonus lower than 50%) does not ensure it and applies also when a stable majority can already be formed. This is the main difference between a majority bonus and a majority jackpot.
1118:
on the number of votes for each party. A relatively small majority bonus (such as in the reinforced proportionality system of Greece) may not always guarantee that a single party can form a government. A the same time, as the majority bonus is allocated in a
1800:
is an effective bonus for certain parties. Some properties of other mixed systems such as so called the "winner compensation" element of
Hungarian electoral system have been criticized for being effectively just a majority bonus disguised as compensation.
136:
A simple bonus system (left) is also called a fusion type of mixed system. It mixes the FPTP and PR formulas in the same district and tier. A majority jackpot (right) is a supermixed system with a conditional and compensatory element as
1123:
manner, therefore if the majority bonus if as high as 50% and the largest party which has 50% of the popular vote receives it, this party may win as many as 75% of all seats. This differentiates it from the similar
993:
2095:
1768:
1115:
677:
1182:
The following table shows how small (10%), medium (25%) and large (50%) majority bonuses would work without any additional distortions of proportional systems. Using an
696:
1942:
If the leading party gets 50% of the vote, they get half the seats and the other half are distributed proportionally (leading party gets at least 75% in total).
1442:
The difference between the majority bonus and a majority jackpot is shown in the following table, where the largest party receives a majority bonus/jackpot.
1063:
900:
1945:
If no party gets 50% there is a second round (with all parties above 10% contesting) and the winner of the second round gets the bonus 50%.
2215:
2117:
754:
2087:
100:
1806:
1793:
786:
648:
643:
1788:
electoral system have been described as providing a bonus to certain parties. Systems using single-member districts, particularly
72:
1056:
749:
1187:
431:
53:
79:
2042:
1901:
955:
206:
2034:
1897:
2033:-led coalition government in 2016, but did not take effect until the second election after it was passed, i.e. that of
1049:
86:
950:
119:
2041:
government (albeit with a slight modification of the original system), so the majority bonus was restored as of the
2001:
was the first politician to enact a law to give automatic seats to the winning party and ensured his victory in the
2230:
1120:
1089:
940:
690:
661:
601:
68:
1767:
The jackpot system essentially gives the size of the jackpot or the vote share (whichever is higher, making it a
672:
197:
735:
57:
17:
2077:
Electoral incentives and the equal value of ballots in vote transfer systems with positive winner compensation
799:
2002:
377:
362:
347:
613:
536:
457:
1167:
The bonus system adds a certain fixed number of additional seats to the winning party or alliance. In the
1156:
1114:
The size of the majority bonus can vary substantially, and is usually a fixed number of seats, and may be
2026:
978:
425:
407:
248:
2220:
1789:
1172:
869:
852:
819:
583:
571:
541:
342:
300:
233:
725:
718:
202:
1925:
Used in multi-member districts, but the majority bonus in all districts is given to the same party.
1971:
779:
707:
559:
546:
529:
506:
484:
447:
437:
93:
1107:
of seats. Typically, this is done with the aim of providing government stability, particularly in
988:
2006:
1437:
1148:
1125:
905:
759:
442:
46:
874:
2038:
1785:
1085:
934:
814:
744:
551:
1171:
up to a sixth of the assembly seats are reserved as extra seats for the winning party. In the
2149:
Massicotte & Blais (1999). "Mixed electoral systems: a conceptual and empirical survey".
1152:
842:
566:
372:
351:
283:
261:
2176:
1108:
973:
960:
928:
192:
8:
1967:
1882:
1183:
1132:
879:
713:
366:
1826:
1100:
1039:
910:
521:
305:
2162:
2125:
1034:
945:
915:
837:
774:
608:
335:
310:
293:
161:
2225:
2158:
1998:
1168:
1092:
1026:
983:
862:
576:
452:
278:
272:
254:
243:
238:
226:
187:
149:
1797:
1014:
847:
702:
667:
588:
499:
402:
325:
267:
145:
2197:
884:
824:
809:
620:
489:
464:
315:
2074:
1817:
The majority bonus system was adopted by other
European countries, especially
2209:
2129:
1802:
1176:
893:
593:
381:
219:
182:
157:
633:
397:
390:
320:
169:
1096:
511:
469:
412:
357:
132:
1792:(FPP) usually favor candidates of larger parties. A Common argument for
1009:
1144:
479:
474:
2198:
Caciagli, Mario; Alan S. Zuckerman; Istituto Carlo
Cattaneo (2001).
35:
1104:
730:
516:
2118:"Greece's prime minister wins an election, but lacks a majority"
1809:
principle are also effectively bonus seats for certain parties.
1776:
for example is better compared to a bonus of around 10% to 30%.
2030:
1822:
1818:
1140:
1021:
2200:
Italian
Politics: Emerging Themes and Institutional Responses
1136:
2177:"Italy - Politics, Regions, Constitution | Britannica"
2148:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2037:. This change was undone in 2020 by the incumbent
2025:A bill abolishing the majority bonus in favor of
2207:
1970:is allowed, second ballot (one used for bonus)
1930:municipal elections (above 3500 inhabitants)
1779:
1057:
2009:, a precursor to the majority bonus system.
2075:https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.15129.34407
1468:Appr. seat share of the largest party (%)
1064:
1050:
2088:"Parliament votes to change election law"
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:
27:Semi-proportional representation system
14:
2208:
1974:for electing the regional presidency.
1829:for regional and municipal elections.
2098:from the original on 25 January 2020
1431:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2216:Semi-proportional electoral systems
24:
168:
25:
2242:
2202:. Berghahn Books. pp. 87–89.
2142:
2068:
1922:1-4 seats per district (23%-29%)
1033:
1020:
1008:
956:McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem
602:Semi-proportional representation
234:First preference plurality (FPP)
34:
1149:Chamber of Deputies of Santa Fe
45:needs additional citations for
2169:
2110:
2080:
2048:
2019:
994:Harsanyi's utilitarian theorem
951:Moulin's impossibility theorem
916:Conflicting majorities paradox
13:
1:
2163:10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00063-8
2062:
2003:1924 Italian general election
1958:plurality bonus (supermixed)
1223:of the 2nd largest party (%)
1211:of the 2nd largest party (%)
820:Frustrated majorities paradox
1162:
1095:that gives extra seats in a
989:Condorcet dominance theorems
929:Social and collective choice
7:
2027:proportional representation
1933:majority bonus (two-round)
1917:majority bonus (two-round)
1082:majority bonus system (MBS)
655:By mechanism of combination
426:Proportional representation
10:
2247:
1993:
1790:first-preference plurality
1780:Effective majority bonuses
1435:
1173:Sicilian Regional Assembly
853:Multiple districts paradox
584:Fractional approval voting
572:Interactive representation
1949:
1908:
1807:mixed-member proportional
1794:mixed-member majoritarian
1470:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1217:of the largest party (%)
1205:of the largest party (%)
800:Paradoxes and pathologies
649:Mixed-member proportional
644:Mixed-member majoritarian
639:By results of combination
530:Approval-based committees
2012:
1135:and on a local level in
1131:It is currently used in
979:Condorcet's jury theorem
780:Double simultaneous vote
755:Rural–urban proportional
750:Dual-member proportional
712:
701:
668:Parallel (superposition)
560:Fractional social choice
547:Expanding approvals rule
376:
361:
346:
277:
266:
242:
2231:Mixed electoral systems
2007:majority jackpot system
1438:Majority jackpot system
1126:majority jackpot system
906:Tyranny of the majority
683:Fusion (majority bonus)
500:Quota-remainder methods
69:"Majority bonus system"
2029:was introduced by the
1812:
1197:Nominal size of bonus
1040:Mathematics portal
946:Majority impossibility
935:Impossibility theorems
731:Negative vote transfer
552:Method of equal shares
173:
138:
1805:in systems using the
1436:Further information:
1109:parliamentary systems
843:Best-is-worst paradox
832:Pathological response
567:Direct representation
220:Single-winner methods
172:
135:
2092:www.ekathimerini.com
1979:municipal elections
1419:The bonus system is
1188:apportionment method
1147:, it is used in the
1099:to the party with a
1027:Economics portal
974:Median voter theorem
193:Comparative politics
54:improve this article
2094:. 24 January 2020.
1966:2 ballots (votes),
1955:regional elections
1900:but restored as of
1833:
1796:implementations of
1446:
1184:electoral threshold
1090:partly-proportional
1015:Politics portal
726:Vote linkage system
697:Seat linkage system
284:Ranked-choice (RCV)
2181:www.britannica.com
2043:June 2023 election
1883:national elections
1832:
1769:conditional system
1464:largest party (%)
1462:Vote share of the
1445:
911:Discursive dilemma
870:Lesser evil voting
745:Supermixed systems
448:Largest remainders
306:Round-robin voting
174:
139:
2221:Electoral systems
2151:Electoral Studies
1991:
1990:
1914:French Polynesia
1840:Type of election
1765:
1764:
1432:Bonus and jackpot
1425:non-compensatory,
1417:
1416:
1221:Appr. seat share
1215:Appr. seat share
1074:
1073:
961:Gibbard's theorem
901:Dominance paradox
838:Perverse response
542:Phragmen's method
408:Majority judgment
336:Positional voting
294:Condorcet methods
162:electoral systems
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2238:
2203:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2023:
1999:Benito Mussolini
1968:ticket splitting
1888:plurality bonus
1865:plurality bonus
1862:local elections
1834:
1831:
1471:Effective bonus
1447:
1444:
1194:
1193:
1179:almost certain.
1169:Greek Parliament
1093:electoral system
1066:
1059:
1052:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1013:
1012:
968:Positive results
863:Strategic voting
760:Majority jackpot
717:
706:
577:Liquid democracy
453:National remnant
443:Highest averages
380:
365:
350:
282:
273:Alternative vote
271:
255:Partisan primary
247:
188:Mechanism design
141:
140:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2147:
2143:
2134:
2132:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2024:
2020:
2015:
1996:
1843:Type of system
1815:
1798:parallel voting
1786:winner-take-all
1782:
1479:Jackpot system
1440:
1434:
1165:
1070:
1032:
1031:
1019:
1007:
999:
998:
965:
941:Arrow's theorem
931:
921:
920:
889:
859:
848:No-show paradox
829:
815:Cloning paradox
805:Spoiler effects
802:
792:
791:
766:
653:
636:
626:
625:
598:
589:Maximal lottery
556:
537:Thiele's method
526:
496:
428:
418:
417:
403:Approval voting
391:Cardinal voting
387:
332:
326:Maximal lottery
290:
222:
212:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2194:
2193:
2168:
2157:(3): 341–366.
2141:
2109:
2079:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2011:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:(legislative)
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:Size of bonus
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1814:
1811:
1803:Overhang seats
1781:
1778:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1433:
1430:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1164:
1161:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1017:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
964:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
932:
927:
926:
923:
922:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
888:
887:
885:Turkey-raising
882:
877:
872:
858:
857:
856:
855:
845:
840:
828:
827:
825:Center squeeze
822:
817:
812:
810:Spoiler effect
803:
798:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
784:
783:
782:
769:By ballot type
765:
764:
763:
762:
757:
752:
742:
741:
740:
739:
738:
733:
723:
722:
721:
710:
687:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
652:
651:
646:
637:
632:
631:
628:
627:
624:
623:
621:Limited voting
618:
617:
616:
597:
596:
591:
586:
581:
580:
579:
574:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
525:
524:
519:
514:
509:
495:
494:
493:
492:
490:Localized list
487:
482:
477:
472:
462:
461:
460:
458:Biproportional
455:
450:
445:
429:
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
410:
405:
400:
386:
385:
370:
355:
331:
330:
329:
328:
323:
318:
313:
303:
289:
288:
287:
286:
275:
262:Instant-runoff
259:
258:
257:
249:Jungle primary
236:
225:Single vote -
223:
218:
217:
214:
213:
211:
210:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
176:
175:
165:
164:
154:
153:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
18:Majority bonus
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2243:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:The Economist
2119:
2113:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2039:New Democracy
2036:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2008:
2005:. This was a
2004:
2000:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1821:in 2004, and
1820:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:Bonus system
1475:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:unconditional
1412:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1177:supermajority
1174:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:May's theorem
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
970:
969:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
936:
930:
925:
924:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
897:
896:
895:
894:majority rule
892:Paradoxes of
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
865:
864:
854:
851:
850:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
834:
833:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
807:
806:
801:
796:
795:
788:
785:
781:
778:
777:
776:
773:
772:
771:
770:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
743:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
720:
715:
711:
709:
704:
700:
699:
698:
695:
694:
693:
692:
688:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
664:
663:
658:
657:
656:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
640:
635:
634:Mixed systems
630:
629:
622:
619:
615:
612:
611:
610:
607:
606:
605:
604:
603:
595:
594:Random ballot
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
568:
565:
564:
563:
562:
561:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
532:
531:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
502:
501:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
438:Apportionment
436:
435:
434:
433:
427:
422:
421:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
394:
393:
392:
383:
379:
374:
373:Antiplurality
371:
368:
364:
359:
356:
353:
349:
344:
341:
340:
339:
338:
337:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
302:
301:Condorcet-IRV
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
285:
280:
276:
274:
269:
265:
264:
263:
260:
256:
253:
252:
250:
245:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
230:
228:
221:
216:
215:
208:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
183:Social choice
181:
180:
178:
177:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:Social choice
156:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2199:
2196:
2185:. Retrieved
2183:. 2024-08-09
2180:
2171:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2133:. Retrieved
2121:
2112:
2100:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2070:
2050:
2021:
1997:
1972:is also used
1950:
1943:
1909:
1896:Not used in
1877:
1857:
1816:
1783:
1774:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1727:
1722:
1705:
1693:
1686:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1597:
1592:
1582:
1573:
1568:
1558:
1549:
1542:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1484:
1463:
1458:jackpot (%)
1457:
1451:
1441:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1408:
1400:
1387:
1379:
1366:
1358:
1345:
1337:
1324:
1316:
1303:
1295:
1282:
1274:
1261:
1253:
1240:
1232:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1181:
1166:
1130:
1121:compensatory
1113:
1086:mixed-member
1081:
1077:
1075:
967:
966:
933:
891:
890:
875:Exaggeration
861:
860:
831:
830:
804:
768:
767:
736:Mixed ballot
691:Compensatory
689:
682:
662:compensatory
659:
654:
638:
600:
599:
558:
557:
528:
527:
498:
497:
485:List-free PR
430:
398:Score voting
389:
388:
334:
333:
321:Ranked pairs
292:
291:
224:
116:
110:October 2024
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1846:Used since
1209:Vote share
1203:Vote share
1116:conditional
1097:legislature
775:Single vote
678:Conditional
673:Coexistence
522:Quota Borda
512:Schulze STV
470:Closed list
413:STAR voting
358:Borda count
2210:Categories
2187:2024-08-11
2135:2023-06-07
2102:25 January
2063:References
1893:0%-16.66%
1452:bonus (%)
1157:Entre RĂos
880:Truncation
609:Cumulative
432:Party-list
207:By country
198:Comparison
80:newspapers
2130:0013-0613
1902:June 2023
1163:Mechanism
1145:Argentina
1101:plurality
1078:plurality
787:Dual-vote
480:Panachage
475:Open list
465:List type
343:Plurality
239:Two-round
227:plurality
150:Economics
2096:Archived
2035:May 2023
1898:May 2023
1837:Country
1456:Size of
1450:Size of
1105:majority
507:Hare STV
146:Politics
144:A joint
2226:Fascism
1994:History
1858:Andorra
517:CPO-STV
367:Baldwin
316:Schulze
311:Minimax
229:methods
94:scholar
2128:
2031:Syriza
1910:France
1878:Greece
1852:Notes
1823:France
1819:Greece
1186:or an
1155:, and
1153:Chubut
1141:France
1133:Greece
382:Coombs
152:series
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2013:Notes
1951:Italy
1936:1982
1827:Italy
1784:Many
1143:. In
1137:Italy
1084:is a
719:'MMP'
708:'AMS'
137:well.
101:JSTOR
87:books
2126:ISSN
2104:2020
2055:40%.
1963:20%
1939:50%
1870:50%
1825:and
1749:55%
1734:55%
1712:55%
1702:50%
1683:55%
1659:55%
1635:55%
1611:45%
1587:45%
1563:45%
1539:45%
1515:45%
1491:45%
1423:and
1413:11%
1405:25%
1397:55%
1392:19%
1384:25%
1376:25%
1371:23%
1363:25%
1355:10%
1350:11%
1342:25%
1334:55%
1329:19%
1321:25%
1313:25%
1308:23%
1300:25%
1292:10%
1287:13%
1279:25%
1271:50%
1266:19%
1258:25%
1250:25%
1245:23%
1237:25%
1229:10%
1199:(%)
1139:and
1119:non-
660:Non-
614:SNTV
203:List
160:and
148:and
73:news
2159:doi
1813:Use
1755:60%
1745:60%
1737:0%
1728:55%
1723:55%
1715:0%
1706:55%
1694:23%
1687:78%
1677:50%
1670:11%
1663:66%
1653:25%
1639:60%
1629:10%
1622:15%
1617:60%
1607:60%
1598:10%
1593:55%
1583:55%
1569:50%
1559:50%
1550:28%
1543:73%
1533:50%
1526:14%
1519:59%
1509:25%
1495:51%
1485:10%
1409:82%
1401:60%
1388:70%
1380:60%
1367:64%
1359:60%
1346:75%
1338:45%
1325:59%
1317:45%
1304:51%
1296:45%
1283:65%
1275:30%
1262:48%
1254:30%
1241:37%
1233:30%
1103:or
1080:or
378:el.
363:el.
352:IRV
348:el.
56:by
2212::
2179:.
2155:18
2153:.
2124:.
2120:.
2090:.
1904:.
1760:5%
1646:5%
1574:5%
1502:6%
1159:.
1151:,
1128:.
1111:.
1088:,
1076:A
714:NZ
703:UK
279:US
268:UK
251:)
244:US
2190:.
2165:.
2161::
2138:.
2106:.
2045:.
1065:e
1058:t
1051:v
716::
705::
384:)
375:(
369:)
360:(
354:)
345:(
281::
270::
246::
241:(
209:)
205:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
