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dangerous popularity with the
Commons. Richard of York safely returned from Ireland in 1450, confronted Henry, and was readmitted as a trusted advisor. Soon thereafter, Henry agreed to convene Parliament to address the calls for reform. When Parliament met, the demands could not have been less acceptable to Margaret: not only were both Edmund Beaufort and Suffolk impeached for criminal mismanagement of French affairs and subverting justice, but it was charged as a crime against Suffolk (now a duke) that he had antagonised the king against the Duke of York. Further, the demands for reform put forward included that the Duke of York be acknowledged as the first councillor to the king, and the Speaker of Commons, perhaps with more fervour than wisdom, even proposed Richard, Duke of York, be recognised as heir to the throne. Within a few months, however, Margaret had regained control of Henry, Parliament was dissolved, the incautious Speaker thrown in prison, and Richard of York retired to
602:. Prior to 1453, there is little evidence of public political efforts on her part. Most of her surviving letters were written during this period, and the majority pertain to acts of intercession, mediation, and intervention in matters on which she had been asked to act, such as the arranging of marriages, the return of wrongfully taken property, and the collection of alms. These were expected and important parts of the role of a noblewoman or queen. Some were successful, and others regarded as high-handed or ill-thought-out. On one occasion, she recommended a man named Alexander Manning to the role of gaoler at
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49:
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corrupt advisers) was trusting, pliable, and increasingly unstable. Margaret herself was defiantly unpopular, grimly and gallantly determined to maintain the
English crown for her progeny. Yet at least one scholar identifies the source of the eventual Lancastrian downfall not as York's ambitions nearly so much as Margaret's ill-judged enmity toward York and her over-indulgence in unpopular allies. Nevertheless, Queen Margaret was a powerful force in the world of politics. King Henry was putty in her hands when she wanted something done.
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1550:-like prophetess; in her first appearance she dramatically curses the majority of the nobles for their roles in the downfall of the House of Lancaster. All of her curses come to pass as the noblemen are betrayed and executed by Richard of Gloucester, and each character reflects on her curse before his execution. Shakespeare had famously described Margaret: "How ill-beseeming is it in thy sex/ To triumph like an Amazonian trull/ Upon their woes whom Fortune captivates".
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829:. Both men had kept watch over King Henry, a prisoner to Warwick, to keep him out of harm's way during the battle. The king had promised the two knights immunity, but Margaret gainsaid him and ordered their execution by decapitation. It is alleged that she put the men on trial with her son presiding. "Fair son", she allegedly asked, "what death shall these knights die?" Prince Edward replied that their heads should be cut off, despite the king's pleas for mercy.
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680:, then Earl of Suffolk, had no difficulty in persuading her that York, until then one of Henry VI's most trusted advisers, was responsible for her unpopularity and already too powerful to be trusted. Margaret not only persuaded Henry to recall York from his post as governor in France and banish him instead to Ireland, she also repeatedly attempted to have him assassinated during his travels to and from
546:. It was accompanied by eight theatrical pageants. Five of these pageants concerned the peace with France, casting Margaret as a symbol of, or the agent of, peace. Three spoke of her spiritual role as a redeemer and intercessor. It is uncertain whether these pageants represented a propaganda effort on the part of the Crown or reflected popular sentiment.
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appears that
Richard, Duke of York, was neither aiming at the crown nor seeking more of a voice in the government than he was entitled to. He represented, to many Englishmen of the day, the only hope of rescue from the swamp of disorder and evil rule in which the realm was floundering." Id. at p. 517, note 8.
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Kendall, pp. 18, 19 and 24: "Excessive greed and ambition—the besetting sins of his contemporary peers—seem to have been largely absent from his character. It would require the unrelenting enmity of a queen to remind him that he owned a better title to the throne than Henry the Sixth," id. at 18." It
1533:. She is the only character to appear alive in all four plays, but due to the length of the plays, many of her lines are usually cut in modern adaptations. Shakespeare portrays Margaret as an intelligent, ruthless woman who easily dominates her husband and fiercely vies for power with her enemies. In
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Henry, who was more interested in religion and learning than in military matters, was not a successful king. He had reigned since he was only a few months old, and his actions had been controlled by protectors, magnates who were effectively regents. When he married
Margaret, his mental condition was
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Richard
Plantagenet Duke of York famously calls her "She-wolf of France/ but worse than wolves of France/ Whose tongue more poisons than the adder's tooth!" Later, she personally stabs the Duke of York on the battlefield after humiliatingly taunting him and becomes suicidal when her son Edward is
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while Henry was mentally incapacitated from 1453 to 1454. The duke was a credible claimant to the
English throne, and by the end of his protectorship, there were many powerful nobles and relatives prepared to back his claim. Whereas the Duke of York was ambitious and capable, Henry (surrounded by
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in 1449 embroiled
Margaret and Henry's court in riots, uprisings by the magnates, and calls for the impeachment and execution of Margaret's two strongest allies. It also might have made an ultimate battle to the death between Margaret and the House of York inevitable by making manifest Richard's
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Loans were taken out by the government in order to pay for the considerable expense of transporting
Margaret to England. Solicitation for the loans emphasised the role that the marriage, and Margaret herself, would play in seeking peace with France. This was a theme that continued throughout the
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The loss of Maine, regarded as a betrayal, was deeply unpopular with the
English public, who were already inclined to mistrust Margaret due to her French origins. Blame was cast on William de la Pole, due to his role in negotiations. The reputation of Margaret's marriage suffered as a result,
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on 30 December 1460 by defeating the combined armies of the Duke of York and the Earl of
Salisbury. Both men were beheaded and their heads displayed on the gates of the city of York. As Margaret was in Scotland at the time of the battle, it was impossible that she issued the orders for their
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Margaret's biographer Helen Maurer, however, disagrees with earlier historians having dated the much-vaunted enmity between the Queen and York to the time he obtained the office of the protectorship. She suggests the mutual antagonism came about two years later in 1455 in the wake of the
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on 22 May 1455. Edmund Beaufort, the Earl of Northumberland and Lord Clifford were killed, Wiltshire fled the battlefield, and King Henry was taken prisoner by the victorious Duke of York. In March 1458, along with her husband and leading nobles of the warring factions, she took part in
665:, equally in the early 1450s. Maurer also claims that Margaret appeared to accept York's protectorship and asserts there is no substantial evidence to back up the long-standing belief that she was responsible for the Yorkists' exclusion from the Great Council following Henry's recovery (
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with the stated purpose to protect the king from his enemies. York, fearing that the purpose of the council was to destroy him, prepared for battle and soon was marching south to meet the Lancastrian army marching north. The Lancastrians suffered a crushing defeat at the
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573:. Those that anticipated the future return of English claims to French territory believed that she already understood her duty to protect the interests of the Crown fervently. The wedding and her transport were very expensive, estimated by some historians at more than
589:
and Henry's agreement to abandon his claim to Anjou. Ultimately, the agreement ended without an alliance with Anjou and with the loss of Maine. Margaret, alongside Henry, corresponded closely with Charles VII regarding the agreement, attempting to act as a mediator.
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Hostilities between the rival Yorkist and Lancastrian factions soon flared into armed conflict. In May 1455, just over five months after Henry VI recovered from a bout of mental illness and Richard of York's protectorship had ended, Margaret and Henry called for a
661:, when Margaret perceived him as a challenge to the king's authority. Maurer bases this conclusion on a judicious study of Margaret's pattern of presenting gifts; this revealed that Margaret took a great deal of care to demonstrate that she favoured both York and
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wears a black robe mourning this ignoble deed. Margaret, in association with de Brézé, became the object of scurrilous rumours and vulgar ballads. Public indignation was so high that Margaret, with great reluctance, was forced to give the Duke of York's kinsman
858:, was married to Margaret's son Edward, Prince of Wales, in order to cement the alliance, and Margaret insisted that Warwick return to England to prove himself before she followed. He did so, restoring Henry VI briefly to the throne on 3 October 1470.
597:
In the early years of their marriage, prior to Henry's illness, Margaret and Henry spent significant proportions of their time together by choice. They shared an interest in education and culture. On 30 March 1448, she was granted license to found
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Briefly joined the Lancastrians. Briefly joined the Yorkists. Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim.
883:. Over the previous ten years, Margaret had gained a reputation for aggression and ruthlessness, but following her defeat at Tewkesbury and the death of her only son, she was completely broken in spirit. After she was taken captive by
500:. The marriage settlement also contained the promise of a twenty-three-month truce with France. Opinions were mixed as to the wisdom of the marriage, but the prevailing understanding was that it represented a genuine effort at peace.
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of the city. The predicted turnout for her arrival and procession was so large that on 8 May, an inspection of roofs and balconies was ordered due to the expectation that spectators would use them as vantage points for her progress.
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By the time Margaret, her son and daughter-in-law Anne were ready to follow Warwick back to England, the tables had again turned in favour of the Yorkists, and the Earl was defeated and killed by the returning King Edward IV in the
845:, who deposed King Henry and proclaimed himself king. Margaret was determined to win back her son's inheritance and fled with him into Wales and later Scotland. Finding her way to France, she made an ally of her cousin, King
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Shortly after her coronation, René of Anjou entered negotiations with the English crown in an attempt to barter a lifetime's alliance and a twenty-year truce in exchange for the cession of the English-held territory of
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of France, and at his instigation, she allowed an approach from Edward's former supporter, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, who had fallen out with his former friend as a result of Edward's marriage to
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preparations for her wedding. She arrived in England on 9 April 1445 and travelled to London accompanied by various lords and courtiers. She reached London on 28 May, where she was met by the mayor and
325:. This provided the spark that ignited a civil conflict that lasted for more than 30 years, decimated the old nobility of England, and caused the deaths of thousands of men, including her only son,
310:
described her personality in these terms: "This woman excelled all other, as well in beauty and favour, as in wit and policy, and was of stomach and courage, more like to a man, than a woman".
385:. She had five brothers and four sisters, as well as three half-siblings from her father's relationships with mistresses. Her father, popularly known as "Good King René" (Bon Roi René), was
456:(Dauphin). It has been suggested that this family example provided her with precedents for her later actions as regent for her son. Attitudes to women's exercise of power were different in
712:, he aimed at taking advantage of the chaos in England. The mayor, John Drury, was killed in this raid. It thereafter became an established tradition, which survives to this day, that the
722:
644:, Margaret was occupied with the care of her young son and did not display any political inclinations until she believed her husband was threatened with deposition by the ambitious
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killed in front of her. Although in reality, Margaret spent the rest of her life outside England after the death of her husband and son, Shakespeare has her return to the court in
989:. However, the evidence is too scanty to permit historians to establish this with absolute certainty; several women at Margaret's court bore the name Elizabeth or Isabella Grey.
1553:
Margaret's prominence in Shakespeare has led many theatre-makers to interpret the story with her at the centre, drawing from the plays she is featured in. An adaptation called
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was killed. The circumstances of Edward's death have never been made clear; it is not known whether he was killed in the actual fighting or executed after the battle by the
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by Elizabeth Schafer and Philippa Kelly was performed in 2016 in London by By Jove Theatre Company and an adaptation of the three Henry VI plays and Richard III entitled
2598:(Drama, History, Romance), Aneurin Barnard, Rebecca Ferguson, Amanda Hale, BBC Drama Productions, BNP Paribas Fortis Film Finance, Company Pictures, 10 August 2013
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895:. Henry VI was also imprisoned in the Tower in the wake of Tewkesbury and he died there on the night of 21 May; the cause of his death is unknown, though
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and died, impoverished, in his castle of Dampierre-sur-Loire, near Anjou on 25 August 1482 at the age of 52. She was entombed next to her parents in
452:, ruled the Duchy of Anjou as regent for her son while Margaret was a child, repelling an English military presence and supporting the disinherited
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Her family included several prominent women who exercised power in politics, war, and administration as regents and queen-lieutenants. Her mother,
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The life and times of Margaret of Anjou, queen of England and France; and of her father René "the Good", king of Sicily, Naples, and Jerusalem
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606:; shortly after, he turned the prisoners loose in an act of protest at his rumoured dismissal for negligence and was then jailed himself.
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on 4 May 1444 to discuss her marriage to Henry VI of England. On 24 May, she was formally betrothed to Henry by proxy. Her uncle,
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As the letter was not dated, it is not known which Archbishop this was; Munro suggests it was most likely to have been either
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Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant (L to M)
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was suspected, specifically smothering in his sleep. In 1472 she was placed in the custody of her former lady-in-waiting
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in Lorraine and, in the care of her father's old nurse Theophanie la Magine, she spent her early years at the castle at
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Owing to her husband's frequent bouts of insanity, Margaret ruled the kingdom in his place. It was she who called for a
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476:, who may have suggested the marriage as part of peace efforts between France and England near the conclusion of the
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1573:, using all the lines spoken by Margaret over the four plays with additional material by playwright Jeanie O'Hare.
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440:, fought wars on behalf of her husband while he was imprisoned in 1431-1432 and 1434-1436 by the duke of Burgundy,
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684:, once in 1449 and again in 1450. Edmund Beaufort and Suffolk's joint responsibility for the secret surrender of
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704:, a powerful French general and an adherent of Margaret, had landed on the English coast and burnt the town of
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in 1452, he found himself ambushed and taken prisoner while Edmund Beaufort was again restored to honours. Id.
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Margaret has an affair with the Duke of Suffolk and mourns his death by carrying around his severed head. In
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Many letters written by Margaret during her tenure as queen consort are still extant. One was written to the
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962:. Margaret's letters, which typically began with the words "By the Quene", are compiled in a book edited by
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Henry VI, Margaret of Anjou, and the Wars of the Roses from Contemporary Chronicles, Letters, and Records
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Her ceremonial progress through the city lasted two days, the intervening night spent, by custom, in the
348:. She went to live in France as a poor relation of the French king, and she died there at the age of 52.
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934:, but her remains were removed and scattered by revolutionaries who ransacked the cathedral during the
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425:. Her mother took care of her education and may have arranged for her to have lessons with the scholar
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at the end of the battle, Margaret was imprisoned by the order of King Edward. She was sent first to
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809:(at which she was present) on 17 February 1461. In this battle, she defeated the Yorkist forces of
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on 4 May 1471, at which the Lancastrian forces were defeated and her seventeen-year-old son
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from which the Yorkists were excluded. The Council called for an assemblage of the peers at
401:; he has been described as "a man of many crowns but no kingdoms". Margaret was baptised at
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Margaret was one of the principal figures in the series of dynastic civil wars known as the
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Margaret lived in France for seven years as a poor relation of the king. She was hosted by
872:
854:, and was now seeking revenge for the loss of his political influence. Warwick's daughter,
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330:
5957:
813:, and recaptured her husband. After this battle, she ordered the execution of two Yorkist
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Comprehensive catalogue of depictions of Margaret, from the 15th century to modern times.
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from 1445 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. Through marriage, she was also nominally
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Kendall, pp. 13–14. When York and the king and queen met again, on a field of truce at
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Margaret was taken prisoner by the victorious Yorkists after the Lancastrian defeat at
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and Margaret of Anjou is depicted in this miniature from an illustrated manuscript of
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than in England at the time, with England more opposed to women exercising authority.
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1672:, the 2012-2016 BBC adaption of Shakespeare's history plays, Margaret was played by
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While Margaret was attempting to raise further support for the Lancastrian cause in
362:
306:, praised "her valiant courage and undaunted spirit" and the 16th-century historian
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981:(born ca 1437), later Queen of England as the wife of Margaret's husband's rival,
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2368:, Tinsley brothers eds. London, 1872, pp. 369–371, retrieved on 17 December 2016.
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Brooke, C. N. L.; Ortenberg, V. (June 1988). "The Birth of Margaret of Anjou".
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Brooke, C.N.L.; Ortenberg, V. (June 1988). "The Birth of Margaret of Anjou".
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Portrait medallion of Margaret of Anjou, by Pietro di Martino da Milano, 1463
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1693:
721:, a commission to keep the sea for three years. He already held the post of
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676:, on the other hand, maintained that Margaret's allies Edmund Beaufort and
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922:, 1422. It was entered in the roll of the Fraternity of Our Lady in 1475.
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433:(the little creature) and was interested in French romances and hunting.
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2384:, MDCCCLXIII (1863), p. 98, Google Books, retrieved on 24 February 2010
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The Wars of the Roses: military activity and English society, 1452-1497
488:
and the unrealised claim, via Margaret's mother, to the territories of
337:
92:
2152:
The reign of King Henry VI: the exercise of royal authority, 1422–1461
5630:
5620:
5482:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5162:
3701:
2407:
1547:
739:
641:
554:
522:
463:
398:
3609:
2763:
The Life and Times of Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England and France
2430:
Letters of Queen Margaret of Anjou and Bishop Beckington, and Others
700:
In 1457, the kingdom was again outraged when it was discovered that
5585:
5556:
5507:
5497:
5492:
5472:
5432:
5427:
5417:
5258:
5196:
3711:
2884:
2378:
Letters of Queen Margaret of Anjou and Bishop Beckington and Others
903:, where she remained until ransomed by Louis XI of France in 1475.
896:
846:
793:
767:, was defeated and killed by the Yorkist army under the command of
709:
689:
535:
489:
414:
406:
341:
871:
on 14 April 1471. Margaret was forced to lead her own army at the
615:
already unstable, and by the time of the birth of their only son,
410:
5442:
2437:, MDCCCLXIII (1863), Google Books, retrieved on 24 February 2010.
841:
on 29 March 1461 by the son of the late Duke of York, the future
681:
493:
484:, and the settlement included a remarkably small dowry of 20,000
220:
3053:
1581:
Margaret of Anjou appears in many novels of historical fiction.
805:
execution, despite popular belief to the contrary. Next was the
688:
in 1448, and then the subsequent disastrous loss of the rest of
557:. She was fifteen and he was twenty-three. She was then crowned
48:
5437:
3309:
2821:
Margaret of Anjou: Queenship and Power in Late Medieval England
2202:
Margaret of Anjou: queenship and power in late medieval England
2093:
Margaret of Anjou: Queenship and Power in Late Medieval England
1821:
Margaret of Anjou: Queenship and Power in Late Medieval England
753:
627:
549:
On 23 April 1445, Margaret married King Henry VI of England at
485:
429:, who taught her brothers. In childhood, Margaret was known as
394:
345:
161:
619:(born 13 October 1453), he had suffered a complete breakdown.
2715:. Vol. 5 (1st ed.). London: George Bell & Sons.
1565:
Theatre in 2018 gave Margaret great prominence. In 2018, the
973:
955:
694:
469:
418:
1613:
Margaret also appears as a secondary or minor character in:
950:
regarding injuries inflicted on her tenants at the manor of
2465:"Bringing Shakespeare's neglected women out of the shadows"
402:
2663:
History of Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry VI of England
2261:""Chapter 9: The First War (1459-1461)" Wars of the Roses"
480:, was present. The marriage was negotiated principally by
2154:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 742.
1746:
The Good King: René of Anjou and Fifteenth Century Europe
594:
although she herself was not openly blamed for the loss.
4332:
2491:
She-Wolves: The Women Who Ruled England Before Elizabeth
1646:
Margaret featured in 7 of 11 episodes and was played by
622:
2901:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 702–703.
2572:
The Wars of the Roses (TV Mini Series 1965–1966) - IMDb
640:
After retiring from London to live in lavish state at
636:
Margaret of Anjou's arms as Queen consort of England.
2802:
The Last Medieval Queens: English Queenship 1445-1503
2532:
6180:
Founders of colleges of the University of Cambridge
2775:
2179:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 24.
2032:
1906:. London: Early English Text Society. p. 486.
1642:In the 1965-1966 filmed theatre production series
666:
464:Marriage, concession of Maine, and subsequent rule
3461:Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the
2433:, edited by Cecil Munro, Esq., published for the
2380:, edited by Cecil Munro, Esq., published for the
1988:Corporation of London Records Office, Journal IV.
6076:
6063:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
4509:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary
2293:Italian Art Society, Pietro di Martino da Milano
1491:
728:
708:. As leader of a French force of 4,000 men from
340:. In 1475, she was ransomed by her cousin, King
3599:Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in
2743:The Military Campaigns of the Wars of the Roses
2678:
2665:. Reproduction of 1871 text by Kessinger Press.
2458:
2456:
1714:
496:, which had been occupied for centuries by the
5367:
4305:
3625:
3039:
2329:
2327:
2030:
861:
280:, Margaret was the second eldest daughter of
5381:
2734:The Lives of the Kings and Queens of England
2703:A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular
2453:
985:, purportedly served Margaret of Anjou as a
891:and then was transferred to the more secure
628:Enmity between Margaret and the Duke of York
448:in her own right. Her paternal grandmother,
1926:Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI
1851:Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI
915:Margaret appears in an illumination in the
5374:
5360:
5287:
4312:
4298:
3632:
3618:
3046:
3032:
2912:
2796:
2538:
2462:
2406:, (13 May 1443 – 25 May 1452) or Cardinal
2346:, London: Europa Publications Ltd, p. 298
2336:
2324:
2204:. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 147.
1876:
1814:
974:Possible connection to Elizabeth Woodville
821:, the rival of the loyal Lancastrian, the
351:
302:. Some of her contemporaries, such as the
47:
30:For the 13th-century French countess, see
4976:
4884:
4801:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk
4771:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester
4614:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester
4573:
2149:
1955:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1496:
648:, who, to her dismay, had been appointed
4823:
4677:
4534:
4495:
4319:
2493:. New York: Harper Collins. p. 31.
2450:, Gloucester: Gloucester Reprints, p. 28
2344:A Historical Dictionary of British Women
1576:
910:
906:
800:, gained a major victory for her at the
783:
774:
631:
521:
502:
5123:
5012:
4945:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester
4781:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant
4735:
4478:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury
4409:
3862:Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland
3857:Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland
2770:
2759:
2719:
2710:
2699:
2631:"BBC Two - The Hollow Crown - Margaret"
2440:
2174:
1923:
1904:The Brut; or, the Chronicles of England
1848:
1760:
837:The Lancastrian army was beaten at the
200: 1445; died 1471)
14:
6077:
5237:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle
5144:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
5085:
3782:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
2827:
2818:
2728:
2669:
2657:
2507:
2488:
2199:
2031:Sellar, W. C.; Yeatman, R. J. (1930).
2002:. Yale University Press. p. 180.
1997:
1791:
1364:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1125:
1015:
1011:
769:Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury
617:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
377:. Margaret was the second daughter of
361:Margaret was born on 23 March 1430 at
327:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
260:; 23 March 1430 – 25 August 1482) was
5355:
5286:
5256:
5160:
5122:
5084:
5043:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
5011:
4975:
4883:
4822:
4806:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
4734:
4676:
4572:
4533:
4494:
4440:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
4408:
4331:
4293:
3877:Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham
3852:Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg
3792:Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset
3787:Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset
3777:Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England
3639:
3613:
3083:Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603
3027:
2830:Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses
2740:
2448:The Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville
2265:Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets
2258:
2231:Oxford Bibliographies Online Datasets
2224:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1784:
1782:
1440:
1430:
1426:
1414:
1408:
1398:
1382:
1372:
1368:
1352:
1346:
1336:
1323:
1313:
1309:
1297:
1291:
1281:
1265:
1255:
1251:
1227:
1217:
1201:
1191:
1187:
1175:
1169:
1159:
1143:
1133:
1129:
1113:
1107:
1097:
1081:
1071:
1067:
1055:
1049:
1039:
1023:
1019:
941:
811:Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
719:Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick
663:Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset
623:Beginnings of the dynastic civil wars
27:Queen of England 1445–1461, 1470–1471
5308:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
4925:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
4754:Margaret of France, Queen of England
4455:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
4334:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
4031:George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence
3080:Royal consorts in England until 1603
3012:3 October 1470 – 11 April 1471
2711:Cokayne, George Edward, ed. (1893).
1901:
1872:
1870:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1756:
1754:
1740:
1738:
958:. Another letter was written to the
832:
819:William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville
798:Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset
759:In 1459, hostilities resumed at the
468:Margaret met with English envoys at
5233:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet
5217:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford
5207:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
4930:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
4920:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
4766:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar
4026:Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland
3912:Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford
3772:Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England
2672:Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England
1561:by Eric Ting and Philippa Kelly at
482:William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk
24:
6165:Women in medieval European warfare
5048:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
4604:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland
4393:
4371:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
4006:Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury
3976:Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond
3872:Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham
3550:Caroline of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
2693:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1988.tb01072.x
2259:Hicks, Michael (6 February 2012).
2225:Hicks, Michael (6 February 2012).
1942:
1910:
1779:
1748:, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 101.
1729:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1988.tb01072.x
779:
771:. The battle had only just begun.
25:
6206:
6034:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
5031:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England
3981:William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke
3897:George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury
3842:John Neville, Marquess of Montagu
3545:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3519:British royal consorts after the
2910:National Portrait Gallery, London
2847:
2736:. University of California Press.
2410:, (21 July 1452 – 22 March 1454).
1867:
1837:
1751:
1735:
1584:Margaret is the main subject of:
1501:Margaret is a major character in
901:Alice Chaucer, Duchess of Suffolk
646:Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York
609:
323:Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York
6155:Prisoners in the Tower of London
4849:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
4460:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
4274:
4273:
4036:Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon
3986:William Hastings, Baron Hastings
3971:John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln
3955:
3847:Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick
3802:Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset
3797:John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont
3761:
3750:
3734:
3724:
3714:
3704:
3694:
2873:
2463:Ian Youngs (20 September 2018).
2091:Review of Maurer, Helen (2003);
298:and at times personally led the
6150:People of the Wars of the Roses
6120:Female Shakespearean characters
5320:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke
4257:Second Cornish uprising of 1497
3996:Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell
3902:John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury
3560:Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
3540:Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2623:
2586:
2563:
2541:"Introducing Margaret of Anjou"
2482:
2422:
2413:
2396:
2387:
2371:
2356:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2286:
2252:
2218:
2193:
2168:
2143:
2134:
2121:
2112:
2099:
2084:
2075:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2024:
1991:
1982:
417:and in the old royal palace at
272:from 1445 to 1453. Born in the
197:
4940:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke
4217:Issue of Edward III of England
3966:Anne Neville, Queen of England
3927:Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke
3922:Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond
2906:Portraits of Margaret of Anjou
2855:"Margaret of Anjou, Foundress"
2745:. Alan Sutton Publishing Ltd.
2545:California Shakespeare Theater
2273:10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0066
2239:10.1093/obo/9780199791279-0066
2150:Griffiths, Ralph Alan (1981).
1998:Wolffe, Bertram Percy (2001).
1956:Griffiths, Ralph Alan (2004).
1895:
1708:
1686:
1001:Ancestors of Margaret of Anjou
954:, which comprised part of her
765:James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley
317:in May 1455 that excluded the
13:
1:
6160:Women in 15th-century warfare
5785:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
5398:List of French royal consorts
5161:
5069:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde
4599:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
4473:Geoffrey (archbishop of York)
4450:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany
4430:William IX, Count of Poitiers
4191:Stafford and Lovell rebellion
4016:William Neville, Earl of Kent
4001:John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk
3942:Edward Woodville, Lord Scales
3887:George Stanley, Baron Strange
3882:Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby
3832:Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter
3827:John Courtenay, Earl of Devon
3822:John Clifford, Baron Clifford
3807:John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley
2984:23 April 1445 – 4 March 1461
2109:, vol. 4, as original source.
1902:Brie, Friedrich, ed. (1908).
1853:. Head of Zeus. p. 190.
1680:
1492:Depictions in popular culture
1349:Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
729:Leader of Lancastrian faction
383:Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
289:Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
246:Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine
5829:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
5257:
5053:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
4091:Siege of the Tower of London
3991:John Howard, Duke of Norfolk
3812:James Butler, Earl of Ormond
3580:Philip of Greece and Denmark
3535:George of Denmark and Norway
3498:George of Denmark and Norway
2782:. George Allen & Unwin.
2724:. Popular Library, New York.
1960:. Sutton. pp. 740–741.
1879:Queenship in Medieval Europe
1877:Earenfight, Theresa (2013).
1818:
1294:Charles II, Duke of Lorraine
992:
356:
7:
6095:15th-century English people
4151:1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion
3837:John Neville, Baron Neville
3817:John Butler, Earl of Ormond
2883:public domain audiobook at
2804:. Oxford University Press.
2720:Costain, Thomas B. (1962).
2105:Kendall, pp. 21–23, citing
1924:Johnson, Elizabeth (2019).
1849:Johnson, Elizabeth (2019).
1744:Margaret Lucille Kekewich,
796:, her principal commander,
365:in Lorraine, a fief of the
32:Margaret, Countess of Anjou
10:
6211:
6195:15th-century women regents
6105:15th-century French people
6100:15th-century English women
5576:Desiderata of the Lombards
4391:
3917:James Tuchet, Baron Audley
3555:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
2859:Queens' College, Cambridge
2760:Hookham, Mary Ann (1872).
2651:
1958:The reign of King Henry VI
1696:. BBC Radio 4. 24 May 2018
1659:Margaret was portrayed by
1411:Margaret of the Palatinate
1358:
1245:
1119:
1013:
862:Final defeat at Tewkesbury
807:Second Battle of St Albans
600:Queens' College, Cambridge
369:east of France ruled by a
29:
6110:15th-century French women
6061:
6042:
6023:
5995:
5971:
5927:
5902:
5808:
5664:
5546:
5407:
5387:
5336:
5295:
5282:
5265:
5252:
5212:Anne of York, Lady Howard
5169:
5156:
5131:
5118:
5093:
5080:
5020:
5007:
4984:
4971:
4892:
4879:
4831:
4818:
4776:Alphonso, Earl of Chester
4743:
4730:
4685:
4672:
4581:
4568:
4542:
4529:
4503:
4490:
4417:
4404:
4358:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
4340:
4327:
4267:
4204:
4058:
3950:
3745:
3682:
3675:
3647:
3597:
3530:
3514:
3510:
3483:Henrietta Maria of France
3473:
3456:
3452:
3074:
3070:
3014:
3009:Queen consort of England
3007:
3001:
2986:
2977:
2964:
2957:
2922:
2892:"Margaret of Anjou"
2819:Maurer, Helen E. (2004).
2741:Haigh, Philip A. (1995).
2700:Boutell, Charles (1863).
2582:– via www.imdb.com.
2175:Goodman, Anthony (1981).
1819:Maurer, Helen E. (2004).
1428:
1420:
1392:
1370:
1366:
1330:
1324:13. Sophie of WĂĽrttemberg
1311:
1303:
1275:
1253:
1249:
1211:
1189:
1181:
1153:
1131:
1127:
1091:
1069:
1061:
1033:
1017:
745:First Battle of St Albans
659:First Battle of St Albans
373:of the French kings, the
241:
231:
219:
207:
179:
167:
150:
130:
126:
115:
101:
91:
68:
61:
46:
41:
6007:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
5982:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5382:Royal consorts of France
3325:Ethelreda of Northumbria
2980:Queen consort of England
2096:. Retrieved 1 March 2011
1636:
1627:The Kingmaker’s Daughter
1569:in Manchester premiered
1268:John I, Duke of Lorraine
960:Archbishop of Canterbury
571:Archbishop of Canterbury
154:25 August 1482 (aged 52)
63:Queen consort of England
6175:French prisoners of war
5393:List of Frankish queens
4905:Edward the Black Prince
4232:Bonville–Courtenay feud
2898:Encyclopædia Britannica
2342:Hartley, Cathy (2003);
1823:. Woodbridge: Boydell.
1761:Dockray, Keith (2016).
1653:In the 2013 BBC series
1598:The Queen of Last Hopes
1546:. Margaret serves as a
1052:Louis II, Duke of Anjou
513:Vigilles de Charles VII
352:Early life and marriage
214:Edward, Prince of Wales
103:Queen consort of France
6170:Women in war in France
6115:English royal consorts
5999:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
5953:Maria Theresa of Spain
5641:Beatrice of Vermandois
5488:Brunhilda of Austrasia
5289:Richard III of England
4398:
4181:Buckingham's rebellion
4161:Readeption of Henry VI
3340:Ermengarde de Beaumont
3092:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
2828:Wagner, J. A. (2001).
2706:. Winsor & Newton.
2670:Bagley, J. J. (1948).
2615:: CS1 maint: others (
2489:Castor, Helen (2011).
2446:Smith, George (1975);
2200:Maurer, Helen (2003).
1881:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1618:The Lady of the Rivers
1567:Royal Exchange Theatre
1563:California Shakespeare
1497:In William Shakespeare
1443:Elisabeth of Nuremberg
1026:Louis I, Duke of Anjou
923:
789:
637:
530:
519:
257:
55:Talbot Shrewsbury Book
6135:House of Valois-Anjou
5715:Adelaide of Maurienne
5675:Adelaide of Aquitaine
5606:Ermentrude of Orléans
5596:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
4978:Richard II of England
4886:Edward III of England
4844:Edward III of England
4791:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
4587:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
4575:John, King of England
4548:Berengaria of Navarre
4465:John, King of England
4397:
3867:Thomas Ros, Baron Ros
3652:Red Rose of Lancaster
3488:Catherine of Braganza
3315:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
3190:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
3185:Berengaria of Navarre
3097:Æthelflæd of Damerham
2722:The Last Plantagenets
1644:The Wars of the Roses
1577:In historical fiction
948:Corporation of London
914:
907:Final years and death
877:Edward of Westminster
787:
775:The Wars of the Roses
761:Battle of Blore Heath
635:
525:
506:
474:Charles VII of France
454:Charles VII of France
421:, near Naples in the
375:House of Valois-Anjou
278:House of Valois-Anjou
156:Dampierre-sur-Loire,
18:Margaret d'Anjou
6190:15th-century regents
6145:Ladies of the Garter
6140:Irish royal consorts
5889:Elisabeth of Austria
5879:Catherine de' Medici
5780:Clementia of Hungary
5775:Margaret of Burgundy
5755:Margaret of Provence
5735:Isabella of Hainault
5725:Constance of Castile
5720:Eleanor of Aquitaine
5710:Bertrade of Montfort
5611:Richilde of Provence
4898:Philippa of Hainault
4854:Eleanor of Woodstock
4825:Edward II of England
4796:Edward II of England
4718:Katherine of England
4679:Henry III of England
4594:Henry III of England
4536:Richard I of England
4497:Henry the Young King
4445:Richard I of England
4435:Henry the Young King
4423:Eleanor of Aquitaine
4321:House of Plantagenet
4242:Neville–Neville feud
4227:Princes in the Tower
3575:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
3565:Alexandra of Denmark
3420:Francis II of France
3222:Philippa of Hainault
3173:Eleanor of Aquitaine
3167:Geoffrey Plantagenet
2934:Cadet branch of the
2772:Kendall, Paul Murray
2551:on 21 September 2018
2267:. pp. 137–164.
2039:. Methuen. pp.
928:Francis de Vignolles
873:Battle of Tewkesbury
843:Edward IV of England
697:for the time being.
438:Isabella of Lorraine
331:Battle of Tewkesbury
236:René, King of Naples
6125:Henry VI of England
5795:Marie of Luxembourg
5790:Blanche of Burgundy
5740:Ingeborg of Denmark
5626:Théodrate of Troyes
5528:Balthild of Chelles
5324:Richard of Eastwell
5270:no consort or issue
5175:Elizabeth Woodville
5125:Henry VI of England
5106:Henry VI of England
5099:Catherine of Valois
5063:Philippa of England
5014:Henry IV of England
4737:Edward I of England
4708:Beatrice of England
4703:Margaret of England
4698:Edward I of England
4691:Eleanor of Provence
4649:Bartholomew FitzRoy
4622:Joan, Lady of Wales
4609:Isabella of England
4516:William Plantagenet
4411:Henry II of England
4381:Mary of Shaftesbury
4363:William FitzEmpress
4353:Henry II of England
4021:Sir Richard Herbert
3463:Union of the Crowns
3410:Madeleine of Valois
3400:Margaret of Denmark
3355:Margaret of England
3335:Maud of Northumbria
3330:Sybilla of Normandy
3267:Catherine of Aragon
3252:Elizabeth Woodville
3242:Catherine of Valois
3202:Eleanor of Provence
3161:Matilda of Boulogne
3151:Matilda of Scotland
3146:Matilda of Flanders
3017:Elizabeth Woodville
3004:Elizabeth Woodville
2995:Elizabeth Woodville
2973:Catherine of Valois
2766:. Tinsley brothers.
2681:Historical Research
2515:"Margaret of Anjou"
2362:Hookham, Mary Ann;
2321:Kendall, pp. 39–40.
2227:"Wars of the Roses"
2118:Kendall, pp. 21–23.
2062:Kendall, pp. 30–31.
1717:Historical Research
1694:"Margaret of Anjou"
1503:William Shakespeare
1110:René, Duke of Anjou
979:Elizabeth Woodville
852:Elizabeth Woodville
802:Battle of Wakefield
674:Paul Murray Kendall
672:The late historian
300:Lancastrian faction
186:Henry VI of England
6185:Daughters of kings
6130:House of Lancaster
6053:Eugénie de Montijo
6044:House of Bonaparte
5973:House of Bonaparte
5938:Margaret of Valois
5905:House of Lancaster
5894:Louise of Lorraine
5874:Eleanor of Austria
5849:Charlotte of Savoy
5839:Isabeau of Bavaria
5824:Blanche of Navarre
5760:Isabella of Aragon
5750:Blanche of Castile
5730:Adela of Champagne
5690:Constance of Arles
5685:Bertha of Burgundy
5651:Gerberga of Saxony
5316:John of Gloucester
5087:Henry V of England
5058:Blanche of England
5038:Henry V of England
4995:Isabella of Valois
4837:Isabella of France
4749:Eleanor of Castile
4399:
4237:Percy–Neville feud
4116:St Albans (Second)
4011:Sir Thomas Neville
3657:White Rose of York
3521:Acts of Union 1707
3365:Elizabeth de Burgh
3320:Margaret of Wessex
3232:Isabella of Valois
3217:Isabella of France
3212:Margaret of France
3207:Eleanor of Castile
3196:Blanche of Castile
3179:Margaret of France
3156:Adeliza of Louvain
3117:Sigrid the Haughty
2991:Title next held by
2969:Title last held by
2924:Margaret of Anjou
2674:. Herbert Jenkins.
2393:Munro, pp. 99–100.
2107:The Paston Letters
1765:. Fonthill Media.
1609:by Catherine Hokin
1602:Susan Higginbotham
1509:of History plays.
966:published for the
942:Margaret's letters
924:
889:Wallingford Castle
827:Sir Thomas Kyriell
790:
678:William de la Pole
638:
561:on 30 May 1445 at
531:
520:
517:Martial d'Auvergne
478:Hundred Years' War
431:la petite créature
427:Antoine de la Sale
6072:
6071:
5975:(1804–1814; 1815)
5958:Marie Leszczyńska
5918:Margaret of Anjou
5834:Joanna of Bourbon
5770:Joan I of Navarre
5705:Bertha of Holland
5695:Matilda of Frisia
5636:Eadgifu of Wessex
5616:Adelaide of Paris
5601:Judith of Bavaria
5349:
5348:
5332:
5331:
5278:
5277:
5248:
5247:
5241:Grace Plantagenet
5222:Catherine of York
5182:Elizabeth of York
5152:
5151:
5137:Margaret of Anjou
5114:
5113:
5076:
5075:
5003:
5002:
4967:
4966:
4953:John de Southeray
4910:Isabella de Coucy
4875:
4874:
4859:Joan of the Tower
4814:
4813:
4786:Mary of Woodstock
4726:
4725:
4713:Edmund Crouchback
4668:
4667:
4564:
4563:
4525:
4524:
4518:(died in infancy)
4486:
4485:
4389:
4388:
4287:
4286:
4066:St Albans (First)
4054:
4053:
3932:Margaret Beaufort
3641:Wars of the Roses
3607:
3606:
3593:
3592:
3506:
3505:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3385:Anabella Drummond
3375:Margaret Drummond
3370:Joan of the Tower
3262:Elizabeth of York
3247:Margaret of Anjou
3022:
3021:
3015:Succeeded by
2880:Margaret of Anjou
2832:. Santa Barbara.
2811:978-0-19-924737-0
2798:Laynesmith, J. L.
2778:Richard the Third
2752:978-0-938289-90-6
2500:978-0-06-143076-3
2419:Munro, pp. 89–165
2211:978-1-84383-104-4
2186:978-0-7100-0728-5
2161:978-0-520-04372-5
2035:1066 And All That
1830:978-1-84383-104-4
1772:978-1-78155-469-2
1589:Red Rose of Anjou
1555:Margaret of Anjou
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1385:Rupert of Germany
1230:Margaret of Anjou
1172:Yolande of Aragon
936:French Revolution
833:Sojourn in France
723:Captain of Calais
714:Mayor of Sandwich
563:Westminster Abbey
450:Yolande of Aragon
446:Duchy of Lorraine
423:Kingdom of Sicily
367:Holy Roman Empire
296:Wars of the Roses
274:Duchy of Lorraine
254:Margaret of Anjou
251:
250:
145:Holy Roman Empire
81:3 October 1470 –
42:Margaret of Anjou
16:(Redirected from
6202:
6025:House of Orléans
5997:House of Bourbon
5963:Marie Antoinette
5943:Marie de' Medici
5929:House of Bourbon
5869:Claude of France
5854:Anne of Brittany
5819:Joan of Burgundy
5765:Marie of Brabant
5745:Agnes of Merania
5566:Bertrada of Laon
5376:
5369:
5362:
5353:
5352:
5284:
5283:
5254:
5253:
5202:Margaret of York
5158:
5157:
5120:
5119:
5082:
5081:
5009:
5008:
4973:
4972:
4881:
4880:
4820:
4819:
4732:
4731:
4674:
4673:
4634:Geoffrey FitzRoy
4570:
4569:
4556:Philip of Cognac
4531:
4530:
4492:
4491:
4406:
4405:
4329:
4328:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4291:
4290:
4277:
4276:
4111:Mortimer's Cross
4041:Margaret of York
3959:
3765:
3754:
3738:
3728:
3718:
3708:
3698:
3680:
3679:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3512:
3511:
3454:
3453:
3395:Mary of Guelders
3380:Euphemia de Ross
3360:Yolande de Dreux
3298:Guildford Dudley
3287:Catherine Howard
3131:Emma of Normandy
3077:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3002:Preceded by
2953:
2946:
2937:Capetian dynasty
2920:
2919:
2916:
2902:
2894:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2843:
2824:
2823:. Boydell Press.
2815:
2793:
2781:
2767:
2756:
2737:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2696:
2687:(146): 357–358.
2675:
2666:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2547:. Archived from
2539:Alicia Coombes.
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2460:
2451:
2444:
2438:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2375:
2369:
2360:
2354:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2028:
2022:
2021:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1953:
1940:
1939:
1928:. Head of Zeus.
1921:
1908:
1907:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1874:
1865:
1864:
1846:
1835:
1834:
1816:
1789:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1758:
1749:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1723:(146): 357–358.
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1690:
1669:The Hollow Crown
1631:Philippa Gregory
1622:Philippa Gregory
1559:War of the Roses
1539:Henry VI, Part 3
1535:Henry VI, Part 2
1512:Henry VI, Part 1
1146:John I of Aragon
1007:
1006:
998:
997:
932:Angers Cathedral
919:Skinners Company
881:Duke of Clarence
869:Battle of Barnet
839:Battle of Towton
815:prisoners of war
559:Queen of England
551:Titchfield Abbey
527:Titchfield Abbey
507:The marriage of
444:, and ruled the
262:Queen of England
201:
199:
173:Angers Cathedral
122:
119:23 April 1445 –
84:
78:
75:23 April 1445 –
53:Detail from the
51:
39:
38:
21:
6210:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6057:
6038:
6019:
5991:
5967:
5948:Anne of Austria
5923:
5898:
5810:House of Valois
5804:
5680:Rozala of Italy
5660:
5551:
5542:
5403:
5402:
5383:
5380:
5350:
5345:
5328:
5291:
5274:
5261:
5244:
5227:Bridget of York
5165:
5148:
5127:
5110:
5089:
5072:
5016:
4999:
4990:Anne of Bohemia
4980:
4963:
4935:Mary of Waltham
4915:Joan of England
4888:
4871:
4827:
4810:
4739:
4722:
4681:
4664:
4661:William de Forz
4627:Richard FitzRoy
4577:
4560:
4538:
4521:
4499:
4482:
4413:
4400:
4385:
4346:Empress Matilda
4336:
4323:
4318:
4288:
4283:
4263:
4200:
4176:Siege of London
4050:
4046:Richard of York
3954:
3946:
3907:Andrew Trollope
3892:William Stanley
3760:
3756:
3755:
3749:
3741:
3671:
3643:
3638:
3608:
3603:
3589:
3526:
3502:
3478:Anne of Denmark
3469:
3444:
3439:
3435:Anne of Denmark
3345:Joan of England
3303:
3237:Joan of Navarre
3227:Anne of Bohemia
3141:Edith of Mercia
3136:Edith of Wessex
3112:Ælfgifu of York
3066:
3061: and
3052:
3018:
3011:
3005:
2992:
2983:
2970:
2959:English royalty
2947:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2929:House of Valois
2925:
2889:
2874:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2850:
2840:
2812:
2790:
2753:
2730:Fraser, Antonia
2654:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:The White Queen
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2533:
2523:
2521:
2519:By Jove Theatre
2513:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2461:
2454:
2445:
2441:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2376:
2372:
2361:
2357:
2341:
2337:
2333:Costain, p.305.
2332:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2233:. p. 143.
2223:
2219:
2212:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2089:
2085:
2081:Fraser, p. 139.
2080:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:Boutell, p.276.
2052:
2048:
2029:
2025:
2010:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1968:
1954:
1943:
1936:
1922:
1911:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1847:
1838:
1831:
1817:
1792:
1788:Kendall, p. 19.
1787:
1780:
1773:
1759:
1752:
1743:
1736:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1656:The White Queen
1639:
1607:Blood and Roses
1579:
1507:first tetralogy
1499:
1494:
1489:
995:
976:
944:
909:
893:Tower of London
885:William Stanley
864:
835:
782:
780:Early campaigns
777:
731:
702:Pierre de Brézé
630:
625:
612:
544:Tower of London
498:Crown of Aragon
466:
442:Philip the Good
359:
354:
319:Yorkist faction
304:Duke of Suffolk
270:Queen of France
264:by marriage to
203:
195:
191:
188:
175:
155:
135:
121:19 October 1453
120:
111:
87:
82:
76:
57:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6208:
6198:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6070:
6069:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6036:
6030:
6028:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6010:
6002:
6000:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5978:
5976:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5913:
5911:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5859:Joan of France
5856:
5851:
5846:
5844:Marie of Anjou
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5815:
5813:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5800:Joan of Évreux
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5666:House of Capet
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5646:Emma of France
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5560:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5414:
5412:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5356:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5318:
5314:Illegitimate:
5311:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5280:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5262:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5192:Cecily of York
5189:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5116:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:Jane Northland
4955:
4951:Illegitimate:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4900:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4865:Illegitimate:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4658:Philip FitzRoy
4656:
4655:Isabel FitzRoy
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4643:Osbert Gifford
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4631:Oliver FitzRoy
4629:
4624:
4620:Illegitimate:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:Illegitimate:
4551:
4550:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4512:
4511:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4471:Illegitimate:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4402:
4401:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4369:Illegitimate:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4325:
4324:
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4247:Perkin Warbeck
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2312:Wagner, p. 26.
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2140:Kendall, p.32.
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3415:Mary of Guise
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3390:Joan Beaufort
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2659:Abbott, Jacob
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2409:
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2404:John Stafford
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2383:
2379:
2374:
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2359:
2353:
2352:1-85743-228-2
2349:
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2318:
2309:
2303:Haigh, p. 32.
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2027:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2009:0-300-08926-0
2005:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1967:0-7509-3777-7
1963:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1937:
1935:9781784979645
1931:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1905:
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1888:9780230276468
1884:
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1860:9781784979645
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1648:Peggy Ascroft
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1224:
1221:
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969:
965:
961:
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949:
939:
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933:
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921:
920:
917:Books of the
913:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
859:
857:
853:
848:
844:
840:
830:
828:
824:
823:Earl of Devon
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
799:
795:
786:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
746:
741:
737:
736:Great Council
726:
724:
720:
715:
711:
707:
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691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
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634:
620:
618:
607:
605:
601:
595:
591:
588:
584:
578:
576:
572:
568:
567:John Stafford
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
540:
537:
528:
524:
518:
514:
510:
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501:
499:
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479:
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471:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:on the river
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:duke of Anjou
384:
380:
379:René of Anjou
376:
372:
368:
364:
349:
347:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:Great Council
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
283:
282:René of Anjou
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:King Henry VI
263:
259:
255:
247:
244:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
224:
222:
218:
215:
212:
210:
206:
187:
182:
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174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
153:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:23 March 1430
133:
129:
125:
118:
114:
109:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
83:11 April 1471
80:
74:
73:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6064:
6012:
6005:
5987:Marie Louise
5917:
5916:
5908:
5903:
5700:Anne of Kiev
5548:Carolingians
5523:Bertechildis
5409:Merovingians
5301:Anne Neville
5269:
5187:Mary of York
5136:
4652:Maud FitzRoy
4637:John FitzRoy
3771:
3600:
3570:Mary of Teck
3518:
3460:
3425:Henry Stuart
3296:
3277:Jane Seymour
3257:Anne Neville
3246:
3194:
3177:
3165:
3008:
2993:
2987:
2978:
2971:
2965:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2927:
2896:
2879:
2862:. Retrieved
2829:
2820:
2801:
2777:
2762:
2742:
2733:
2721:
2712:
2702:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2640:16 September
2638:. Retrieved
2634:
2625:
2602:16 September
2600:, retrieved
2594:
2588:
2578:16 September
2576:. Retrieved
2571:
2565:
2555:20 September
2553:. Retrieved
2549:the original
2544:
2534:
2524:20 September
2522:. Retrieved
2518:
2509:
2490:
2484:
2474:20 September
2472:. Retrieved
2468:
2447:
2442:
2428:
2424:
2415:
2398:
2389:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2358:
2343:
2338:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2264:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2230:
2220:
2201:
2195:
2176:
2170:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2123:
2114:
2106:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2077:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2034:
2026:
1999:
1993:
1984:
1957:
1925:
1903:
1897:
1878:
1850:
1820:
1762:
1745:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1688:
1668:
1654:
1643:
1626:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1570:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1500:
1229:
977:
945:
925:
916:
865:
856:Anne Neville
836:
791:
758:
750:The Love Day
732:
699:
671:
655:
639:
613:
596:
592:
579:
548:
541:
532:
512:
467:
435:
430:
389:and titular
371:cadet branch
360:
335:
312:
293:
253:
252:
226:Valois-Anjou
141:Duchy of Bar
77:4 March 1461
36:
6090:1482 deaths
6085:1430 births
6046:(1852–1870)
6027:(1830–1848)
5931:(1589–1792)
5909:(1422–1453)
5884:Mary Stuart
5812:(1328–1589)
5538:Chrothildis
5518:Wulfefundis
5513:Ragintrudis
5468:Austregilde
5463:Theudechild
4960:Joan Skerne
4196:Stoke Field
4121:Ferrybridge
4096:Northampton
4076:Blore Heath
3722:Richard III
3676:Key figures
3667:Family tree
3272:Anne Boleyn
3121:Świętosława
2278:18 December
2244:18 December
1593:Jean Plaidy
1544:Richard III
1530:Richard III
964:Cecil Munro
956:dower lands
308:Edward Hall
97:30 May 1445
6079:Categories
5864:Mary Tudor
5668:(987–1328)
5553:Robertians
5503:Gomentrude
5478:Galswintha
5423:Ultragotha
4171:Tewkesbury
3937:Owen Tudor
3662:Tudor rose
2129:Blackheath
2018:1039082963
1681:References
338:Tewkesbury
321:headed by
258:Marguerite
93:Coronation
5631:Frederuna
5621:Richardis
5581:Hildegard
5559:(751–987)
5533:Bilichild
5483:Fredegund
5458:Marcovefa
5453:Merofleda
5448:Ingoberga
5411:(509–751)
5163:Edward IV
4106:Wakefield
3747:Lancaster
3732:Henry VII
3702:Edward IV
3465:from 1603
3107:Ælfthryth
2408:John Kemp
1976:474634628
1548:Cassandra
993:Ancestors
970:in 1863.
740:Leicester
667:see below
642:Greenwich
555:Hampshire
399:Jerusalem
381:, and of
357:Childhood
333:in 1471.
329:, at the
276:into the
256:(French:
5591:Luitgard
5586:Fastrada
5571:Gerberga
5557:Bosonids
5508:Nanthild
5498:Sichilde
5493:Bertrude
5473:Audovera
5433:Radegund
5428:Guntheuc
5418:Clotilde
5341:Category
5259:Edward V
5197:Edward V
4279:Category
4205:See also
4086:Sandwich
3712:Edward V
3692:Henry VI
3684:Monarchs
3126:Ealdgyth
3059:Scottish
2885:LibriVox
2800:(2004).
2774:(1955).
2732:(1975).
2661:(2004).
2611:citation
2469:BBC News
2000:Henry VI
897:regicide
847:Louis XI
794:Scotland
763:, where
710:Honfleur
706:Sandwich
690:Normandy
536:aldermen
509:Henry VI
490:Mallorca
415:Provence
407:Tarascon
342:Louis XI
108:disputed
6065:italics
5443:Aregund
5024:Wives:
4988:Wives:
4747:Wives:
4146:Edgcote
4131:Piltown
4101:Worksop
3601:italics
3102:Ælfgifu
3063:British
3057:,
3055:English
2908:at the
2652:Sources
1666:In the
952:Enfield
682:Ireland
604:Newgate
529:in 2014
494:Menorca
202:
194:
190:
5438:Ingund
5299:Wife:
5173:Wife:
5135:Wife:
5097:Wife:
4896:Wife:
4835:Wife:
4689:Wife:
4585:Wife:
4546:Wife:
4507:Wife:
4421:Wife:
4344:Wife:
4166:Barnet
4141:Hexham
4126:Towton
4059:Events
3310:Gruoch
2988:Vacant
2966:Vacant
2948:
2836:
2808:
2786:
2749:
2497:
2350:
2208:
2183:
2158:
2016:
2006:
1974:
1964:
1932:
1885:
1857:
1827:
1769:
1700:28 May
1524:Part 3
1518:Part 2
825:, and
754:London
486:francs
397:, and
395:Sicily
346:France
287:, and
242:Mother
232:Father
180:Spouse
168:Burial
162:France
116:Tenure
69:Tenure
4761:Henry
3758:Tudor
2950:Died:
2943:Born:
2864:8 May
1637:In TV
695:Wales
686:Maine
587:Anjou
583:Maine
575:ÂŁ5000
470:Tours
419:Capua
411:RhĂ´ne
221:House
209:Issue
196:(
192:
158:Anjou
5555:and
4867:Adam
3952:York
2866:2016
2834:ISBN
2806:ISBN
2784:ISBN
2747:ISBN
2642:2024
2617:link
2604:2024
2580:2024
2557:2018
2526:2018
2495:ISBN
2476:2018
2348:ISBN
2280:2023
2246:2023
2206:ISBN
2181:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2014:OCLC
2004:ISBN
1972:OCLC
1962:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1883:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1702:2020
1527:and
1441:15.
1383:14.
1266:12.
1202:11.
1144:10.
492:and
403:Toul
151:Died
131:Born
2689:doi
2635:BBC
2269:doi
2235:doi
1725:doi
1629:by
1620:by
1600:by
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2609:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
