118:" burials throughout the Northeast United States (their attribution to MA is not generally accepted). They may represent the last phases of the Maritime Archaic, as they contain significant finds of white chert artifacts common to other Maritime Archaic sites, but may also represent a distinct people. This issue is currently debated among scholars.
88:
of
Newfoundland. The latter, through susceptibility to Eurasian diseases, conflict with neighboring native groups, and malnourishment after European persecution pushed them inland and away from the fish and marine mammals that had been a staple of their diet, succumbed to erosion of their population
220:
Duggan, Ana T.; Harris, Alison J. T.; Marciniak, Stephanie; Marshall, Ingeborg; Kuch, Melanie; Kitchen, Andrew; Renaud, Gabriel; Southon, John; Fuller, Ben; Young, Janet; Fiedel, Stuart; Golding, G. Brian; Grimes, Vaughan; Poinar, Hendrik (2017-10-23).
497:
Wolff, Christopher B. (2022). "The
Longhouses of the Maritime Archaic: Increasing Complexity or Regional Resistance". In Andrew, Brian N.; Macdonald, Danielle A. (eds.).
1510:
1581:
536:
202:
428:
Hood, Bryan C. (1995). "Circumpolar
Comparison Revisited: Hunter-Gatherer Complexity in the North Norwegian Stone Age and the Labrador Maritime Archaic".
331:
Bell, Trevor; Renouf, M. A. P. (December 2003). "Prehistoric
Cultures, Reconstructed Coasts: Maritime Archaic Indian Site Distribution in Newfoundland".
1622:
558:
1079:
1555:
84:
for North
American peoples. It had been long postulated that the most likely direct descendants of the Maritime Archaic culture were the
1495:
1184:
121:
If the hypothesis of the Red Ochre as the last state of the
Maritime Archaic period is accepted, then the latter is best known from a
1254:
1044:
529:
111:
of 74 individuals, 19 Beothuk, 53 Maritime
Archaic, and two Paleo-Eskimo, and found that these populations were not at all related.
46:. The Maritime Archaic began in approximately 7000 BC and lasted until approximately 3500 BC, corresponding with the arrival of the
1607:
1149:
944:
1019:
954:
934:
1159:
522:
1540:
1515:
1465:
929:
1289:
1069:
894:
1617:
182:
469:
Tuck, J. A. (1976): Ancient peoples of Port au Choix. The
Excavation of an Archaic Indian Cemetery in Newfoundland.
1034:
95:
research in 2017 established, however, that the
Maritime Archaic people had nothing genetically in common with the
67:
449:
Reader, David (1996). "'Interior' Occupation: A Maritime
Archaic site at South Brook Park, western Newfoundland".
1535:
1500:
1304:
1174:
1024:
979:
31:
1612:
1445:
1239:
1214:
1134:
826:
570:
273:
1450:
999:
310:
Austin, Shaun J. (1984). "Maritime Archaic and Recent Indian Evidence from Cape Cove Beach, Newfoundland".
1545:
1314:
899:
884:
758:
50:
groups who may have outcompeted the Maritime Archaic for resources. The culture consisted of sea-mammal
1154:
909:
66:, and boat-topped temporary or seasonal houses. They engaged in long-distance trade, as shown by white
222:
1372:
1324:
129:. This site revealed over 100 graves embellished with red ochre. The graves contained many elaborate
35:
846:
223:"Genetic Discontinuity between the Maritime Archaic and Beothuk Populations in Newfoundland, Canada"
1259:
1114:
1084:
643:
545:
265:
Ancient people of Port au Choix : the excavation of an archaic indian cemetery in Newfoundland
386:
Fitzhugh, William (1978). "Maritime Archaic Cultures of the Central and Northern Labrador Coast".
1550:
1284:
1274:
1234:
1109:
841:
776:
103:, who later inhabited the same area after the climatic conditions changed. A study published in
1219:
939:
786:
729:
663:
648:
130:
27:
89:
base, which was small to begin with, and disappeared in the 19th century as a distinct tribe.
1413:
1347:
1294:
1189:
1089:
856:
821:
811:
752:
142:
137:; shell-beaded clothing; and a burial suit made from more than 200 skins of the now-extinct
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8:
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1099:
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742:
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585:
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437:
416:
407:
Fitzhugh, William (1975). "A Maritime Archaic Sequence from Hamilton Inlet, Labrador".
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234:
134:
499:
More Than Shelter from the Storm: Hunter-Gatherer Houses and the Built Environment
268:. Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland.
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1377:
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51:
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1119:
949:
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58:
who used wooden boats. Maritime Archaic sites have been found as far south as
1601:
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Prehistory of Saglek Bay, Labrador: Archaic and Palaeo-Eskimo Occupations
43:
462:
441:
420:
399:
1455:
1352:
1224:
1139:
964:
489:
344:
1054:
323:
1229:
1059:
480:
Tuck, J. A. (1975). "The Maritime Archaic Occupation of Saglek Bay".
263:
138:
63:
55:
1428:
1392:
1342:
1204:
989:
133:, including barbed bone points; daggers of ivory, antler, or bone;
122:
74:
80:
The Maritime Archaic is one cultural complex among several of the
1435:
919:
796:
718:
100:
85:
781:
484:. Mercury Series. University of Ottawa Press. pp. 76–106.
1525:
219:
96:
70:
59:
1485:
203:"DNA deepens mystery of Newfoundland's lost Beothuk people"
177:. Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 42–60.
369:
Cadigan, Sean T. (2009). "The First Peoples by the Sea".
62:
and as far north as Labrador. Their settlements included
145:
society with trade and some level of social complexity.
356:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 11–19.
318:(2). Canadian Archaeological Association: 115–126.
114:
Another significant Maritime Archaic find are the "
352:Belvin, Cleophas (2006). "The First Inhabitants".
501:. University Press of Florida. pp. 218–242.
1599:
457:. Canadian Archaeological Association: 123–128.
544:
373:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 13–25.
530:
415:(2). University of Wisconsin Press: 117–138.
436:(2). University of Wisconsin Press: 75–105.
354:Forgotten Labrador: Kegashka to Blanc-Sablon
16:Subarctic Maritime sea-mammal hunter culture
394:(2). University of Wisconsin Press: 61–95.
537:
523:
330:
1045:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
339:(3). Taylor & Francis, Ltd: 350–370.
238:
1623:Archaeology of Newfoundland and Labrador
471:Newfoundland Social and Economic Studies
406:
385:
200:
172:
368:
298:: 188-189. Thames & Hudson, London.
196:
194:
1600:
448:
351:
309:
175:History and Ethnography of the Beothuk
518:
496:
479:
427:
371:Newfoundland and Labrador: A History
261:
191:
1516:Norse colonization of North America
77:being found as far south as Maine.
13:
302:
201:Semeniuk, Ivan (12 October 2017).
14:
1634:
1608:Archaic period in North America
1536:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
451:Canadian Journal of Archaeology
312:Canadian Journal of Archaeology
255:
213:
166:
1:
160:
1501:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
1451:Eastern Agricultural Complex
7:
885:Bandelier National Monument
759:List of Mississippian sites
546:Pre-Columbian North America
173:Marshall, Ingeborg (1997).
148:
10:
1639:
1305:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
910:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
619:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
141:. These finds indicated a
1574:
1546:Three Sisters agriculture
1401:
1333:
865:
594:
552:
240:10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.053
1618:History of the Maritimes
1085:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
644:Buttermilk Creek complex
125:site in Newfoundland at
1285:Town Creek Indian Mound
1255:Sierra de San Francisco
1110:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
262:Tuck, James A. (1994).
940:Coso Rock Art District
827:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
730:List of Hopewell sites
1613:Archaeology of Canada
1348:Arlington Springs Man
1190:Portsmouth Earthworks
379:10.3138/9781442688704
296:Ancient North America
294:Fagan, Brian (2005):
233:(20): 3149–3156.e11.
1556:Transoceanic contact
1446:Container Revolution
1020:Gila Cliff Dwellings
985:Etowah Indian Mounds
507:10.2307/j.ctv2t8b7bc
1476:Green Corn Ceremony
1290:Turkey River Mounds
1080:Lake Jackson Mounds
900:Blue Spring Shelter
430:Arctic Anthropology
409:Arctic Anthropology
388:Arctic Anthropology
34:along the coast of
1561:Underwater panther
1235:Rosenstock Village
1105:Marmes Rockshelter
1090:L'Anse aux Meadows
490:10.2307/j.ctv171rh
207:The Globe and Mail
40:Canadian Maritimes
1595:
1594:
1587:Pre-Columbian era
1388:Spirit Cave mummy
1185:Plum Bayou Mounds
1095:Lynch Quarry Site
614:Ancient Beringian
333:World Archaeology
135:toggling harpoons
116:Red Ochre Culture
109:mitochondrial DNA
1630:
1531:Projectile point
1368:Leanderthal Lady
1295:Upward Sun River
1270:Stallings Island
1260:Shell ring sites
1210:Recapture Canyon
1125:Moorehead Circle
970:El Fin del Mundo
955:Cueva de la Olla
761:
748:Maritime Archaic
732:
562:
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532:
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28:cultural complex
21:Maritime Archaic
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1582:Genetic history
1570:
1424:Ceremonial pipe
1397:
1378:Minnesota Woman
1335:
1329:
1150:Ocmulgee Mounds
1130:Morrison Mounds
1075:Kolomoki Mounds
1065:Kimball Village
925:Candelaria Cave
867:
861:
842:Suwannee Valley
777:Old Cordilleran
757:
728:
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303:Further reading
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227:Current Biology
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105:Current Biology
99:, nor with the
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1506:Mound Builders
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1491:Medicine wheel
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1481:Horned Serpent
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1220:Roberts Island
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1155:Old Stone Fort
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1120:Moaning Cavern
1117:
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1070:Kincaid Mounds
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950:Cuarenta Casas
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922:
917:
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905:Bluefish Caves
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866:Archaeological
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664:Caloosahatchee
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649:Caborn-Welborn
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93:Archaeogenetic
73:from northern
25:North American
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1466:Falcon dancer
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1404:
1402:Miscellaneous
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:Melbourne Man
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:La Brea Woman
1361:
1359:
1358:Kennewick Man
1356:
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1200:Pueblo Bonito
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1195:Poverty Point
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1186:
1183:
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1180:Pinson Mounds
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1170:Painted Bluff
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1050:Horr's Island
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1016:
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1011:
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988:
986:
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981:
980:Effigy Mounds
978:
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973:
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945:Crystal River
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857:Weeden Island
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828:
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822:Safety Harbor
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818:
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795:
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792:Paleo-Indians
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107:compared the
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42:and northern
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1566:Water glyphs
1521:Oasisamerica
1511:N.A.G.P.R.A.
1471:Folsom point
1461:Effigy mound
1441:Clovis point
1409:Aridoamerica
1310:Wickiup Hill
1265:Spiro Mounds
1245:Salmon Ruins
1240:Russell Cave
1035:Helen Blazes
1030:Grimes Point
1010:Fort Juelson
1000:Fort Ancient
975:El Vallecito
935:Chaco Canyon
875:Angel Mounds
837:Steed-Kisker
787:Paleo-Arctic
747:
709:Glacial Kame
694:Fort Ancient
586:Post-Classic
557:
498:
481:
473:
470:
454:
450:
433:
429:
412:
408:
391:
387:
370:
353:
336:
332:
315:
311:
295:
264:
257:
230:
226:
215:
206:
174:
168:
155:Paleo-Eskimo
120:
113:
104:
91:
79:
48:Paleo-Eskimo
36:Newfoundland
32:Late Archaic
20:
18:
1551:Thunderbird
1419:Black drink
1383:Peñon woman
1320:Winterville
1300:Velda Mound
1280:Taos Pueblo
1175:Parkin Park
1160:Orwell site
1145:Nodena site
1040:Holly Bluff
1015:Four Mounds
1005:Fort Center
930:Casa Grande
880:Anzick site
772:Monongahela
699:Fort Walton
674:Coles Creek
639:Belle Glade
624:Anishinaabe
44:New England
1602:Categories
1496:Metallurgy
1456:Eden point
1353:Buhl Woman
1225:Rock Eagle
1215:River Styx
1140:Mummy Cave
1135:Moundville
1115:Mesa Verde
1100:Marksville
847:Tchefuncte
807:Plaquemine
743:Las Palmas
659:Calf Creek
654:Cades Pond
362:j.ctt7zpdm
275:0919666124
161:References
143:stratified
64:longhouses
1541:Stickball
1230:Rock Hawk
1060:Key Marco
852:Troyville
832:St. Johns
817:Red Ocher
576:Formative
284:475709472
249:0960-9822
139:great auk
131:artifacts
56:subarctic
1429:Chanunpa
1414:Ballgame
1393:Vero man
1343:Anzick-1
1315:Windover
1275:SunWatch
1205:Rassawek
1025:Glenwood
915:Brewster
767:Mogollon
738:La Jolla
724:Hopewell
684:Deptford
597:cultures
463:41102601
442:40316388
421:40315878
400:40315929
149:See also
123:mortuary
75:Labrador
1578:Related
1436:Chunkey
1336:remains
1325:Wupatki
1165:Paquime
1055:Huápoca
920:Cahokia
890:Bastian
797:Patayan
719:Hohokam
704:Fremont
679:Comondú
634:Baytown
629:Avonlea
609:Alachua
581:Classic
571:Archaic
559:Periods
345:4128314
101:Beothuk
86:Beothuk
54:in the
52:hunters
30:of the
995:Folsom
960:Cutler
895:Benson
782:Oneota
714:Glades
689:Folsom
669:Clovis
566:Lithic
461:
440:
419:
398:
360:
343:
324:671655
322:
282:
272:
247:
181:
38:, the
1526:Piasa
1334:Human
965:Eaker
868:sites
802:Plano
604:Adena
459:JSTOR
438:JSTOR
417:JSTOR
396:JSTOR
358:JSTOR
341:JSTOR
320:JSTOR
97:Inuit
71:chert
68:Ramah
60:Maine
23:is a
1486:Kiva
280:OCLC
270:ISBN
245:ISSN
179:ISBN
19:The
990:Eva
503:doi
486:doi
375:doi
235:doi
1604::
474:17
455:20
453:.
434:32
432:.
413:12
411:.
392:15
390:.
337:35
335:.
314:.
278:.
243:.
231:27
229:.
225:.
205:.
193:^
538:e
531:t
524:v
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