39:
185:
13th
Marquess of the valley of Oaxaca. The title again became dormant on his death in 1938. A member of a cadet branch of the family (descendant of the 7th Marchioness) asked for the resumption of the title in 1973, and it was granted to him. The descendants of the 13th Marquess, a family established in Italy, has claimed the title, but has not taken any legal action in Spain against the legal holder. Given the multiple claims, the 1535 Mayorazgo (entailment) guaranteeing the continuation of the Marquessate was conditioned on (among others) loyalty to the King of Spain.
251:
716:
Valley of Oaxaca, who was reinstated the rest of his Estate in 1593, with the help of his brother-in-law, Diego Fernández de
Cabrera, 3rd Count of Chinchón, close adviser to the King. The 3rd Marquess left no legitimate children, so the title passed on his death to his brother, Don Pedro Cortés, 4th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca. This Marquess was allowed to settle in Mexico, where he personally took up the running of the Estate, which had been controlled by administrators since 1567.
502:
321:, but was not reinstated the governorship of New Spain as he desired and never held any office with political power again. In 1529 he married the Spanish noblewoman Doña Juana de Zúñiga he had four legitimate children, including his only legitimate son, Don Martín, who succeeded to the title on his father's death in 1547.
394:
The
Marquessate granted to Cortés was not a geographically unified estate, but consisted of separate, fertile, populous, and often strategic areas in different parts of Mexico but with economic potential. The holdings covered a total extension of over 11,500 square kilometres. Cortés built a palace
184:
The title was held by Cortés' descendants through 1814, when the
Constitución de Apatzingan abolished hereditary titles in Mexico. After the 12th Marquess died in 1859, his successors as Duke of Monteleone appear to have not renewed this title until 1916, when the 16th Duke of Monteleone became the
403:
language are extant for the
Cuernavaca region, which give important information about the social and economic structure of indigenous communities held by Cortés. It is likely that the censuses were carried out as part of the dispute between Cortés and the Spanish crown about the number of tribute
663:
Although the sequestration was lifted in 1593, the
Marchionesses lost direct control of the administration of the Estate, as they had to retain the structure through which the Crown had worked, which relinquished the governing autonomy they used to exercise. From then, the Marquessate had a fixed
715:
and recovering part of his sequestered lands in Mexico. However, he could not go back to New Spain and still had to pay a fine of 50,000 ducats and lend 100,000 more to the Crown. He died in Madrid in 1589 and was succeeded in the title by his eldest son, Don
Hernando Cortés, 3rd Marquess of the
419:) to write history from indigenous viewpoints. The Cuernavaca censuses demonstrate that although Cortés was the recipient of tributes and was acknowledged as the Indian communities' overlord, these communities continued to function with little change fifteen years after the conquest of Mexico.
408:. The censuses also give important information about the extent to which Christian evangelization was effective at the local level, since each member of a household was identified as baptized or unbaptized. This type of local-level documentation in indigenous languages are used in
332:
annexed to the title. The institution of the majorat, which took place on 9 January 1535, ensured the permanence of the
Marquessate, as it entailed most of Cortés' estates, urban properties and vassals, rendering them inheritable along with the marquessal dignity in the family. The
391:, and could name justice and administrative officials. Although the crown had granted the title and privileges, the "royal authorities made continual efforts to prevent the Marquesado from fully acquiring the political and juridical power required in the classic feudal model.".
1554:
751:, giving birth to a dynasty that assembled the immense wealth of the Aragonas, the Tagliavias, the Pignatellis and the Cortés, their titles and their fiefs, among which the Mexican marquessate was the crown jewel. Upon marriage, the groom assumed the name
524:
II issued a Royal Cédula, dated 16 December, which removed
Tehuantepec from the marquessal estate, but specified that the Marquess should receive in exchange the equivalence of the tributes in gold that the town produced for the Royal Treasury. The
1157:
2048:
789:
Giovanna
Tagliavia d'Aragona, Duchess of Monteleone|Giovanna Tagliavia d'Aragona, (married to Héctor Pignatelli, V Duke of Monteleone) 5th Duchess of Terranova, 6th Marchioness of the Valley of Oaxaca (1619–1692), only daughter of the 5th
1488:
1201:
1845:
1422:
1832:
1695:
1532:
1334:
1859:
1763:
1624:
1400:
1356:
637:), an official directly below him whose work consisted of routine collection and disbursement of funds and materials, as well as the conduct of lawsuits. In that year, the viceregal authorities discovered a conspiracy led by Don
993:
1613:
1466:
1109:
744:
1062:
720:
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1270:
1017:
724:
785:
Doña Estefanía Carrillo de Mendoza y Cortés, Duchess of Terranova, (married to Diego de Aragón, IV Duke of Terranova) 5th Marchioness of the Valley of Oaxaca (r. 1635–1653), eldest daughter of the 2nd Marquess' elder
1635:
1718:
732:
341:, i.e. female are allowed to succeed if she has no living brothers and no deceased brothers who left surviving legitimate descendants. It was also specified that the Marquess or Marchioness had to be a
748:
1776:
1709:
498:
that summed up 550 km. The holdings were to bring enormous income to the Marquessate when it was managed well was a large profit-making, economic enterprise with a centralized administration.
1292:
1911:
1920:
836:
1005:
728:
296:, who also died shortly after taking office. Cortés, who was accused by his opponents of having poisoned both of them, decided to return to Spain to appeal to the justice of the King.
307:, being formally confirmed in his land holdings and vassals. The title was bestowed upon him by a Royal Cédula issued on 6 July 1529. He was also honored with the knighthood of the
303:, where he presented himself with great splendor before Charles V's court, responding forthrightly to the accusations of his enemies. Cortés gained the royal favor, and was created
357:
and Marquessate of Jamaica; the Dukedom of Atrisco, the Marquessate of Santiago de Oropesa and the Lordship of Maní. The Spanish crown preferred to reward conquistadors via the
2202:
S.L. Cline, "The Spiritual Conquest Re-examined: Baptism and Christian Marriage in Early Sixteenth-Century Mexico," Hispanic American Historical Review 73:3 (1993)pp. 453-480
793:
Giovanna Pignatelli d'Aragona, 8th Duchess of Monteleone, 7th Marchioness of the Valley of Oaxaca (1666–1723), eldest daughter of the 6th Marchioness' eldest surviving son.
292:, who suspended Cortés from his office of governor on 16 July 1526, and took over the government himself. Ponce de León died shortly after his arrival, and was replaced by
660:
of the Marquessate, which meant the Crown seized control of the Estate and withdrew all its incomes; the leaders being expelled from New Spain and forbidden to return.
399:, (now the capital of the state of Morelos), which is relatively close to Mexico city, where he had substantial holdings. House to house censuses from ca. 1535 in the
924:
773:
703:, written in the second half of the 16th century, includes 28 petitions filed by local landowners in the Nahuatl language requesting return of their seized lands.
638:
818:
Giuseppe Pignatelli d'Aragona, 16th Duke of Monteleone, 13th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (1860–1938), eldest son of the 12th Marquess' second surviving son.
239:
was issued, appointing him Governor and Captain General of New Spain. Cortés personally governed the newly conquered territories until 1524, when he left for
2676:
contains 28 separate petitions from different leaders and towns of the Marquesado del Valle, protesting seizures of lands and sugar mills by Hernán Cortés
2017:
Título de Capitán General de la Nueva España y costa del Sur, expedido a favor de Hernan Cortés por el Emperador, por Carlos I de España y V de Alemania
854:
Niccolò Pignatelli d'Aragona, 19th Duke of Monteleone, "16th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca" (b. 1923), grandson of the 13th Marquess' third brother.
2166:
808:
Giuseppe Pignatelli d'Aragona, 13th Duke of Monteleone, 12th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (1795–1859), eldest surviving son of the 11th Marquess.
2015:
17:
603:
851:
Giuseppe Pignatelli d'Aragona, 18th Duke of Monteleone, "15th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca" (1931–1989), elder son of the "14th Marquess".
688:), the Administrator of houses and ground rents and the Interpreter of the Nahuatl. These major officials met together as a group, called the
289:
848:
Antonio Pignatelli d'Aragona, 17th Duke of Monteleone, "14th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca" (1892–1958), elder son of the 13th Marquess.
799:
Fabrizio Pignatelli d'Aragona, 10th Duke of Monteleone, 9th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (1718–1763), elder son of the 8th Marquess.
805:
Diego Pignatelli d'Aragona, 12th Duke of Monteleone, 11th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (1774–1818), elder son of the 10th Marquess.
802:
Ettore Pignatelli d'Aragona, 11th Duke of Monteleone, 10th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (1742–1800), elder son of the 9th Marquess.
796:
Diego Pignatelli d'Aragona, 9th Duke of Monteleone, 8th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (1687–1750), elder son of the 7th Marchioness.
2701:
2585:
Fernando Cortés and the Marquesado in Morelos, 1522-1547: A Case Study in the Socioeconomic Development of Sixteenth-Century Mexico
2073:
2552:
2457:
2365:
2253:
1967:
235:. The success brought legal status for Cortés, whose position had been contested during the conquest. On 15 October 1522, a
642:
146:
38:
508:. Main seat of government of the Marquessate of the Valley of Oaxaca, and residence of the 1st, 2nd and 4th Marchionesses.
828:
Jorge de Llanza, 14th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (1921–2001), 4th great-grandson of the 7th Marchioness' third son.
491:
353:
Cortés' estate was one of the very few seignorial hereditary domains created in the Indies, along with the short-living
2646:
2620:
2594:
2571:
2526:
2507:
2481:
2106:
197:
1955:
594:, covering an area of 4,100 km. It included the city of Cuernavaca, head of the Marquessate; 80 villages, 8
275:
505:
719:
The 4th Marquess also died without surviving descendants, so the Marquessate was inherited by his niece, Doña
2696:
416:
363:
system, granting tribute and labor from specific indigenous settlements to the holder of the encomienda. The
338:
150:
57:
2424:
2403:
648:, planning to proclaim the former King of New Spain, supported by the conquistadors, who were unhappy with
2163:
267:
779:
Don Hernando Cortés, 3rd Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (r. 1589–1602), eldest son of the 2nd Marquess.
300:
2466:
196:
investment banker. He was born on 26 January 1960 and married Isabel López-Quesada in the chapel of the
2691:
2190:
700:
696:, the General Direction, so that the decisions could be taken jointly with the agents of the Marquess.
2049:"Don Hernando Cortés y el Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca: Un estudio diplomático del Señorío Indiano"
782:
Don Pedro Cortés, 4th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (r. 1602–1629), second son of the 2nd Marquess
633:
Up to 1567, the Marquess assigned the general supervision of the Estate affairs to the High Steward (
526:
380:
158:
831:Álvaro de Llanza, 15th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca (b. 1960), elder son of the 14th Marquess.
2408:
1944:
743:, although commonly referred to as Tagliavia d'Aragona. This marriage produced a single child,
2429:
2243:
1979:
2668:
2301:
384:
755:
for him and all his descendants, who however where generally known as Pignatelli d'Aragona.
404:
payers Cortés actually held. In the censuses Cortés is referred to directly by his title of
2630:
557:
284:
214:
2338:
244:
8:
2283:
711:
Don Martín, the 2nd Marquess, obtained royal pardon in 1574, returning from his exile in
657:
2286:(1 January 1993). ETD collection for University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Paper AAI9322818.
575:
529:, on 23 November 1563, fixed a perpetual annual reward of 1,527 pesos of gold and 3,442
479:
2635:
2583:
879:
766:
521:
354:
136:
77:
2642:
2616:
2590:
2567:
2548:
2522:
2503:
2477:
2453:
2361:
2249:
534:
376:
308:
293:
271:
250:
2496:
279:
128:
116:
67:
2355:
2170:
627:
324:
On 27 July 1529, a new Royal Cédula was issued, permitting Cortés to establish a
317:
247:, who had declared his independence from Spain and claimed Honduras was his own.
178:
538:
2227:
The Leverage of Labor: Managing the Cortés Haciendas in Tehuantepec, 1588-1688,
2149:
The Leverage of Labor: Managing the Cortés Haciendas in Tehuantepec, 1588-1688,
1981:
Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía. Vol. X. (2007)
553:
501:
372:
371:
had no political or judiciary power in their lands, depending on the pertinent
342:
232:
189:
153:
in 1529. Despite its name, the marquessate covered a much larger area than the
2498:
The Leverage of Labor: Managing the Cortés Haciendas in Tehuantepec, 1588-1688
2685:
2613:
El Virreinato I. Orígenes y jurisdicciones, y dimánica social de los virreyes
2519:
Alimentary distinction in Toluca, the Delicious Valley and the Shortage Times
2071:
Icaza Durfour, Francisco de (1981), "Los señoríos de vasallos en Indias", in
440:, of 550 km, included the main town, 34 villages (among others Mixcoac,
424:
154:
224:
2564:
Autoridad y gobierno indígena en Michoacán. Ensayos a través de su historia
412:
409:
236:
228:
141:
2189:
UCLA Latin American Center Publications, Nahuatl Studies Series Number 4.
607:
445:
379:
or Intendance. Far from it, the Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca had full
174:
858:
The titular heir apparent is Prince Diego Pignatelli d'Aragona (b. 1958)
619:
611:
517:
263:
2488:
El Marquesado del Valle: Tres Siglos de régimen señorial en Nueva España
2391:
El Marquesado del Valle, Tres siglos de régimen senorial en Nueva España
437:
2107:"La monarquía moderna en Europa e Iberoamérica. Paralelo institucional"
583:
449:
396:
359:
2284:"The Avila-Cortes conspiracy: Creole aspirations and royal interests"
193:
132:
2341:. Official site of the Pignatelli family. Retrieved 21 January 2011
2187:
The Book of Tributes: Early Sixteenth-Century Censuses from Morelos,
758:
2663:
2296:
2109:, Academy of History of Chile, p. 121. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
731:, sister of the 3rd and the 4th Marchionesses, and her husband Don
649:
623:
591:
549:
458:
453:
266:
in 1526, after having defeated Olid, Cortés found that his enemies
240:
219:
170:
124:
2046:
89:Álvaro de Llanza y Figueroa, 15th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
566:
441:
400:
329:
313:
Captain General of New Spain and of the Coast of the Southern Sea
166:
2542:
1968:
Citywire: Professional curriculum of Álvaro de Llanza y Figueroa
288:(judgement of residence) against him. The chosen licentiate was
188:
The current and 15th Marquess is Álvaro de Llanza y Figueroa, a
693:
467:
388:
162:
2516:
2493:
664:
bureaucracy: The Governor and Privative Judge of the Estate (
548:
of the four towns of the Marquessate (Santa María de Oaxaca,
735:. Upon the inheritance of the title, in compliance with the
712:
345:, loyal to the King, and bear the name and arms of Cortés.
2357:
Papal Genealogy: The Families And Descendants of the Popes
776:(r. 1547–1589), eldest legitimate son of the 1st Marquess.
692:, to discuss Estate affairs. Also, there was an office in
422:
The Marquessate was composed of seven jurisdictions: four
2561:
747:, one of the richest heiresses of her time, who married
337:
also laid down the succession to the title, which is by
2637:
Conquest: Cortés, Montezuma, and the Fall of Old Mexico
2245:
América bajo los Austrias: economía, cultura y sociedad
367:
could only be inherited up to two generations, and the
157:, comprising a vast stretch of land in the present-day
2610:
2603:
Riley, G. Micheal. "Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca."
706:
2241:
570:. Notwithstanding being surrounded by lands of this
2539:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1985.
774:
Martín Cortés, 2nd Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
767:
Hernán Cortés, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
78:
Hernán Cortés, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
2634:
2607:, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, pp. 781–82.
2582:
2495:
2353:
1945:Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE) - 17 October 2001
258:of New Spain, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
2580:
759:Marquesses of the Valley of Oaxaca (1529–present)
727:. Doña Estefanía was the eldest daughter of Doña
348:
2683:
2411:, 5 September 1984. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
2475:The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico: 1517-1521
2447:
2432:, 17 October 2001. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
2173:, Unknown Mexico. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
2159:
2157:
2450:The sugar hacienda of the Marqueses del Valle
2393:. Mexico: El Colegio de México, 1969, p. 119.
2212:
2210:
2208:
2101:
2099:
560:), of 1,500 km, included 34 villages, 2
1555:María de la Concepción Pignatelli de Aragón,
842:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2237:
2235:
2154:
2120:
2118:
2047:Cárdenas Benítez, Martía del Pilar (1992).
2020:, 6 July 1529. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
2002:
2000:
1984:. Vol. 10. Madrid: RAMHG. p. 284.
739:or entailment, the family adopted the name
2248:. Fondo Editorial PUCP. pp. 129–130.
2205:
2096:
2042:
2040:
2038:
243:, heading an expedition against the rebel
208:
2543:Mateos Saínz de Medrano, Ricardo (2006).
2490:. Mexico City: El Colegio de México 1969.
2322:
2320:
2229:Durham: Duke University Press, 1988, p.25
749:Ettore Pignatelli, 5th Duke of Monteleone
2374:
2262:
2232:
2151:Durham: Duke University Press 1989, p.25
2134:
2132:
2130:
2115:
1997:
500:
249:
2093:Austin: University of Texas Press 1991.
2091:The Encomienda in New Spain, 1521-1555,
2074:Revista Chilena de Historia del Derecho
2035:
1850:"16th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca"
1837:"15th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca"
1768:"14th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca"
1206:7th Marchioness of the Valley of Oaxaca
1116:6th Marchioness of the Valley of Oaxaca
1067:5th Marchioness of the Valley of Oaxaca
282:, had persuaded the King to initiate a
14:
2684:
2666:[Marquesado del Valle Codex].
2629:
2517:León García, María del Carmen (2002).
2494:Gutiérrez Brockington, Lolita (1989).
2334:
2332:
2317:
2299:[Marquesado del Valle Codex].
721:Estafanía Carrillo de Mendoza y Cortés
2127:
1919:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1862:15th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
1857:
1855:
1844:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1789:14th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
1784:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1717:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1700:13th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
1693:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1647:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1537:12th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
1530:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1471:11th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
1464:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1405:10th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
1398:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1355:
1353:
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1345:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1275:8th Marquesss of the Valley of Oaxaca
1268:
1242:
1216:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1158:Andrea Fabrizio Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1107:
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1101:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1002:
991:
963:
937:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
908:
906:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
478:of Charo Matlazinco, of 100 km,
217:, with the capture of the last Aztec
1777:Prince Fabrizio Pignatelli d'Aragona
1710:Prince Federico Pignatelli d'Aragona
1339:9th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
1020:4th Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
996:3rd Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
927:2nd Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
882:1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
652:which restricted the inheritance of
490:of Jalapa de Tehuantepec, headed by
200:in June 1988. They have 3 children.
2329:
1489:Juan Bautista Pignatelli de Aragón,
1293:Prince Antonio Pignatelli d'Aragona
113:Marquessate of the Valley of Oaxaca
32:Marquessate of the Valley of Oaxaca
24:
2641:. University of New Mexico Press.
2441:
2339:The Pignatelli Aragona Cortés Line
2193:, Series editor. Los Angeles 1993.
1423:Juan Domingo Pignatelli de Aragón,
707:From the Cortés to the Pignatellis
578:) was patrimony of the Crown. The
231:disappeared, becoming part of the
131:and a former seignorial estate in
25:
2713:
2664:"Códice del Marquesado del Valle"
2656:
2562:Paredes Martínez, Carlos (2003).
2537:Rural Society in Colonial Morelos
2297:"Códice del Marquesado del Valle"
1921:Claudia de Llanza y López-Quesada
1912:Prince Diego Pignatelli d'Aragona
837:Claudia de Llanza y López-Quesada
533:of maize paid by the villages of
97:Claudia de Llanza y López-Quesada
2702:1529 establishments in New Spain
516:included until 1560 the port of
305:Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca
198:Real Club de la Puerta de Hierro
37:
2611:Rubio Mañé, J. Ignacio (1955).
2417:
2396:
2347:
2289:
2276:
2219:
2196:
2179:
2141:
2105:Bravo Lira, Bernardino (1988),
2083:
2065:
630:, was composed of 51 villages.
574:, the city of Antequera (today
18:Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca
2225:Lolita Gutíerrez Brockington,
2164:Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca
2147:Lolita Gutiérrez Brockington,
2032:Díaz del Castillo, pp. 726-732
2026:
2009:
2006:Díaz del Castillo, pp. 630-669
1988:
1972:
1961:
1949:
1938:
1833:Giuseppe Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1696:Giuseppe Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1533:Giuseppe Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1335:Fabrizio Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1202:Giovanna Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1063:Estefanía Carrillo de Mendoza,
862:
606:(the first one in New Spain),
492:Santa María Jalapa del Marqués
349:Territories and administration
121:Marquesado del Valle de Oaxaca
13:
1:
2242:Héctor Noejovich Ch. (2001).
2089:Robert Himmerich y Valencia,
1932:
1846:Niccolò Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1764:Antonio Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1625:Antonio Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1357:Joaquín Pignatelli de Aragón,
1110:Giovanna Tagliavia d'Aragona,
835:The heiress apparent is Doña
339:male-preference primogeniture
151:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
2615:. University of New Mexico.
2589:. University of New Mexico.
1401:Ettore Pignatelli d'Aragona,
506:Palace of Cortés, Cuernavaca
147:conquest of the Aztec Empire
7:
2547:. La Esfera de los Libros.
2486:García Martínez, Bernardo.
2354:George L. Williams (2004).
1614:Diego Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1467:Diego Pignatelli d'Aragona,
1271:Diego Pignatelli d'Aragona,
684:), the Estate Executioner (
666:Gobernador y Juez Privativo
639:Martín Cortés, 2nd Marquess
474:of 450 km, and of the
311:and the honorary charge of
10:
2718:
2581:Riley, G. Micheal (1973).
2425:Boletín Oficial del Estado
2404:Boletín Oficial del Estado
2389:Bernardo García Martínez,
1956:Constitución de Apatzingán
723:, married to the Sicilian
701:Marquesado del Valle Codex
668:), the Estate Controller (
276:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
203:
2502:. Duke University Press.
2471:The Conquest of New Spain
2467:Díaz del Castillo, Bernal
1894:
1892:
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1204:8th Duchess of Monteleone
1181:
1179:
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1114:5th Duchess of Terranova,
1089:
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843:Pignatelli (1938–present)
753:Aragona Pignatelli Cortés
676:), the Estate Solicitor (
442:San Agustín de las Cuevas
299:In 1528, Cortés attained
227:, on 13 August 1521, the
101:
93:
83:
73:
63:
53:
45:
36:
31:
2672:(in Spanish). 1550–1590.
2535:Martin, Cheryl English.
2452:. University of Minnes.
2448:Barret, Ward J. (1970).
2282:Vincent, Victoria Anne,
1848:19th Duke of Monteleone,
1835:18th Duke of Monteleone,
1766:17th Duke of Monteleone,
1698:16th Duke of Monteleone,
1557:9th Duchess of Solferino
1535:13th Duke of Monteleone,
1469:12th Duke of Monteleone,
1403:11th Duke of Monteleone,
1337:10th Duke of Monteleone,
741:Aragona Tagliavia Cortés
626:, headed by the town of
527:Royal Audience of Mexico
470:were 12 villages and an
192:fund manager and former
135:. It was granted to Don
2521:. Miguel Ángel Porrúa.
2169:3 November 2010 at the
1719:Luis Gonzaga de Llanza,
1636:Manuel María de Llanza,
1627:15th Duke of Monteleone
1616:14th Duke of Monteleone
1273:9th Duke of Monteleone,
680:), the Estate Bailiff (
656:. The King ordered the
209:Background and bestowal
2605:Encyclopedia of Mexico
1721:11th Duke of Solferino
1638:10th Duke of Solferino
1160:7th Duke of Monteleone
672:), the Estate Lawyer (
509:
315:, and the noble title
259:
120:
105:Absolute primogeniture
2669:World Digital Library
2473:– available as
2302:World Digital Library
1491:7th Duke of Solferino
1425:6th Duke of Solferino
1359:16th Count of Fuentes
1112:Duchess of Monteleone
1065:Duchess of Terranova,
504:
385:criminal jurisdiction
328:(entailed estate) or
253:
2697:Mexican noble titles
558:Santa Ana Tlapacoyan
482:, 2 villages and an
285:juicio de residencia
215:fall of Tenochtitlan
2326:Mateos, pp. 211-225
823:Dormant (1938–1984)
813:Dormant (1859–1916)
586:spanned the former
462:. Depending on the
270:, President of the
2138:Rubio, pp. 101-102
1008:Countess of Priego
682:Agente solicitador
510:
355:Dukedom of Veragua
290:Luis Ponce de León
262:At his arrival at
260:
123:) is a hereditary
2692:History of Oaxaca
2554:978-84-9734-467-8
2459:978-0-8166-6142-8
2430:no. 249, p. 38201
2367:978-0-7864-2071-1
2273:Barret, pp. 14-15
2255:978-9972-42-447-2
2216:Barret, pp. 30-34
1930:
1929:
1860:Álvaro de Llanza,
725:Duke of Terranova
686:Ministro ejecutor
674:Abogado de Cámara
590:of Acapixtla and
535:Tenango del Valle
430:Alcaldías Mayores
415:(also termed the
377:Captaincy General
309:Order of Santiago
294:Marcos de Aguilar
272:Council of Indies
245:Cristóbal de Olid
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994:Hernando Cortés,
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280:Governor of Cuba
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616:Alcaldía Mayor
602:, situated in
588:Corregimientos
580:Alcaldía Mayor
546:Alcaldía Mayor
425:Corregimientos
373:Royal Audience
350:
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343:Roman Catholic
268:Bishop Fonseca
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159:Mexican states
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827:
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658:sequestration
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514:Corregimiento
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488:Corregimiento
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434:Corregimiento
431:
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417:New Philology
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155:Oaxaca Valley
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137:Hernán Cortés
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127:title in the
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94:Heir apparent
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46:Creation date
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40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
2675:
2667:
2636:
2631:Thomas, Hugh
2612:
2604:
2584:
2563:
2544:
2536:
2518:
2497:
2487:
2474:
2470:
2449:
2434:(in Spanish)
2423:
2419:
2413:(in Spanish)
2402:
2398:
2390:
2356:
2349:
2343:(in Italian)
2307:. Retrieved
2305:(in Spanish)
2300:
2291:
2278:
2244:
2226:
2221:
2198:
2186:
2185:S.L. Cline,
2181:
2175:(in Spanish)
2148:
2143:
2111:(in Spanish)
2090:
2085:
2079:(in Spanish)
2072:
2067:
2061:(in Spanish)
2052:. Retrieved
2028:
2022:(in Spanish)
2016:
2011:
1990:
1980:
1974:
1963:
1951:
1940:
1858:
1785:
1694:
1531:
1465:
1399:
1333:
1269:
1200:
1108:
1061:
1016:
992:
923:
878:
857:
834:
790:Marchioness.
769:(1529–1547).
752:
740:
736:
729:Juana Cortés
718:
710:
698:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
662:
653:
650:the New Laws
644:
634:
632:
615:
599:
598:and 3 sugar
595:
587:
579:
571:
565:
564:and a sugar
561:
545:
543:
539:Chimalhuacán
530:
520:, when King
513:
511:
495:
487:
483:
475:
471:
463:
457:
433:
429:
423:
421:
413:ethnohistory
410:Mesoamerican
405:
393:
369:encomenderos
368:
364:
358:
352:
334:
325:
323:
316:
312:
304:
298:
283:
261:
256:conquistador
255:
237:Royal Cedula
229:Aztec Empire
218:
212:
187:
183:
145:who led the
142:conquistador
140:
112:
110:
102:Remainder to
74:First holder
26:
2309:28 December
2054:23 December
863:Family tree
654:encomiendas
645:the Mestizo
612:Atlacomulco
604:Tlaltenango
518:Tehuantepec
365:encomiendas
264:Mexico City
2686:Categories
1958:Article 25
1933:References
839:(b. 1990)
678:Procurador
584:Cuernavaca
512:This last
450:Churubusco
428:and three
397:Cuernavaca
360:encomienda
225:Cuauhtémoc
213:After the
125:marquessal
54:Created by
2077:, no. 14
1840:1931-1989
1793:1921-2001
1780:1897-1953
1771:1892-1958
1724:1884-1970
1713:1864-1947
1704:1860-1938
1641:1857-1927
1630:1827-1881
1619:1823-1880
1560:1824–1858
1541:1795-1859
1494:1799–1823
1475:1774-1818
1428:1757–1819
1409:1742-1800
1362:1724–1776
1343:1718-1763
1296:1700–1746
1279:1687-1750
1210:1666-1723
1163:1640-1677
1120:1619-1692
1071:1595-1653
1024:1566-1629
1000:1560-1602
931:1533–1589
886:1485–1547
786:daughter.
737:mayorazgo
608:Amatitlán
596:haciendas
562:haciendas
496:haciendas
494:, with 7
459:haciendas
446:San Ángel
335:mayorazgo
326:mayorazgo
194:Citigroup
175:Michoacán
133:New Spain
58:Charles V
2633:(1993).
2566:. INAH.
2167:Archived
745:Giovanna
670:Contador
624:Cotaxtla
600:ingenios
592:Oaxtepec
572:Alcaldía
550:Cuilapan
484:hacienda
472:hacienda
456:) and 5
454:Tacubaya
438:Coyoacán
241:Honduras
220:Tlatoani
171:Veracruz
1924:b. 1990
1915:b. 1958
1866:b. 1960
1853:b. 1923
1011:d. 1612
567:ingenio
531:fanegas
406:Marqués
401:Nahuatl
389:vassals
330:majorat
301:Castile
204:History
167:Morelos
117:Spanish
64:Peerage
2645:
2619:
2593:
2570:
2551:
2525:
2506:
2480:
2456:
2364:
2252:
694:Madrid
620:Tuxtla
614:. The
522:Philip
486:. The
468:Toluca
432:. The
274:, and
179:Mexico
163:Oaxaca
690:Junta
381:civil
149:, by
68:Spain
2643:ISBN
2617:ISBN
2591:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2549:ISBN
2523:ISBN
2504:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2454:ISBN
2362:ISBN
2311:2013
2250:ISBN
2056:2010
772:Don
765:Don
713:Oran
699:The
622:and
610:and
556:and
554:Etla
544:The
537:and
452:and
383:and
375:and
177:and
111:The
49:1529
618:of
582:of
466:of
436:of
395:in
318:don
161:of
2688::
2674:—
2469:.
2428::
2407::
2376:^
2331:^
2319:^
2264:^
2234:^
2207:^
2156:^
2129:^
2117:^
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2037:^
1999:^
552:,
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2625:.
2599:.
2576:.
2557:.
2531:.
2512:.
2462:.
2370:.
2313:.
2258:.
2058:.
115:(
20:)
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