34:
121:
225:. Archaeological evidence, in the form of amphora fragments, indicate that the Greeks were producing wine in the region (Provence) soon after they settled. By the time the Romans reached the area in 125 BC, the wine produced there had a reputation across the Mediterranean for high quality.
103:
grew up rapidly, and its population set up many outposts for trading in modern-day Spain, Corsica and
Liguria. Massalia persisted as an independent colony until the Roman campaign in Gaul in the 1st Century BC. The ruins of Massalia still exist in the contemporary city of
750:
King, Roy J.; Di
Cristofaro, Julie; Kouvatsi, Anastasia; Triantaphyllidis, Costas; Scheidel, Walter; Myres, Natalie M.; Lin, Alice A.; Eissautier, Alexandre; Mitchell, Michael; Binder, Didier; Semino, Ornella (2011).
144:. After the capture of Phocaea by the Persians in 545 BC, a new wave of settlers fled towards the colony. A creation myth telling the meeting between the Greeks and the local population is given by
159:
After the middle of the 6th century BC, Massalia became an important trading post of the western
Mediterranean area. It grew into creating colonies of its own on the sea coast of
324:
in
Provence may be attributed to Greek colonization. According to the authors, these results suggest "a Greek male elite-dominant input into the Iron Age Provence population".
568:
301:
and soft life, apparently because the men of
Massalia were wearing fancy long perfumed robes and tying their hair up, which other Greeks interpreted as signs of disgrace.
975:
493:
168:
473:
304:
The Romans on the other hand had a more positive view of the city as a bastion of Greek civilisation in barbarian lands, and as a loyal ally of Rome.
534:
552:
237:
281:, whose membership was conditioned to the involvement in trading activities, elected 15 magistrates, 3 of them with executive power.
753:"The coming of the Greeks to Provence and Corsica: Y-chromosome models of archaic Greek colonization of the western Mediterranean"
244:
and eventually had to surrender to Caesar's army. Massalia lost most of its inland territory in the aftermath of this defeat.
911:
892:
873:
740:
713:
694:
647:
638:
Bouffier, Sophie (2009). "Marseille et la Gaule Méditerranéenne avant la Conquête
Romaine". In Cabouret, Bernadette (ed.).
685:
Bouffier, Sophie; Garcia, Dominique (2021). "Variations territoriales: indigènes et Grecs en
Celtique méditerranéenne".
846:
605:
221:, and the fall of Carthage in 146 probably led to the intensification of trade between the Greek colony and the
57:
38:
990:
985:
153:
980:
277:
republic by a closed aristocracy initially descending from the original settlers. An assembly of 600
27:
20:
677:
338:
33:
530:
489:
469:
149:
838:
586:"Sailing from Massalia, or Mapping Out the Significance of Encolpius' Travels in the Satyrica"
229:
764:
179:
173:
8:
125:
768:
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333:
160:
76:
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241:
210:
120:
84:
930:
834:
817:
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593:
317:
214:
821:
510:
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lineage, which is especially frequent among
Phocaeans (19%), and that 17% of the
514:
68:
48:
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969:
942:
786:
321:
133:
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804:
252:
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222:
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190:(ca. mid-3rd c.). Massalia was known in ancient times for its explorers:
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298:
236:
and the Senate, but sided with Caesar's opponents after the arrival of
202:
191:
950:
312:
A genetic study conducted in 2011 found that 4% of the inhabitants of
505:
274:
145:
105:
585:
194:
travelled to the west
African coast in the late 6th century BC, and
934:
313:
206:
141:
921:
Loseby, S. T. (1992). "Marseille: A Late
Antique Success Story?".
88:
261:
259:
in Latin, remained a major center of maritime trade. It became a
195:
183:
137:
96:
92:
545:
297:("you might sail to Massalia") in reference to those living an
233:
112:
and one of Europe's oldest continuously inhabited settlements.
109:
411:
201:
The colony remained a faithful ally of Rome during all of the
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378:
19:
This article is about the ancient city. For other uses, see
525:
485:
465:
187:
164:
62:
640:
Rome et l'occident: du IIe s. av. J.-C au IIe s. apr. J.-C
375:
868:. Guides archéologiques de la France. Éd. du Patrimoine.
829:
Rivet, A. L. F.; Drinkwater, John F. (2016). "Massalia".
198:
explored northwestern Europe in the late 4th century BC.
447:
435:
423:
642:. Presses Universitaire du Mirail. pp. 35–60.
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
976:Populated places established in the 6th century BC
351:
265:within the Roman Empire at the latest ca. 300 AD.
363:
967:
901:
390:
885:Greek Marseille and Mediterranean Celtic Region
828:
384:
228:Massalia initially chose neutrality during the
217:(218–201) gave Massalia the dominancy over the
163:during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, including
26:"Massilia" redirects here. For other uses, see
882:
684:
417:
904:Quand les archéologues redécouvrent Marseille
723:Guyon, Jean (2012). "Massilia (Marseilles)".
883:Bouffier, Sophie; Garcia, Dominique (2017).
902:Bouiron, Marc; Mellinand, Philippe (2013).
794:
776:
108:, which is considered the oldest city of
831:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics
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590:Cultural Crossroads in the Ancient Novel
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441:
429:
119:
32:
839:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3997
703:
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357:
293:("you are coming out of Massalia") and
132:Massalia was established ca. 600 BC by
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369:
863:
722:
405:
687:Les territoires de Marseille antique
725:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History
268:
13:
857:
14:
1002:
812:Lafond, Yves (2006). "Massalia".
255:periods, the city, then known as
733:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah16085
577:
557:
539:
519:
499:
479:
706:Marseille: 2600 ans d'histoire
459:
213:coast after its defeat in the
1:
822:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e725870
344:
289:The Greeks used the proverbs
284:
205:(264–146 BC). The retreat of
923:The Journal of Roman Studies
167:(late 5th–early 4th c. BC),
63:
7:
584:Jensson, Gottskálk (2017).
385:Rivet & Drinkwater 2016
327:
238:Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus
39:Numismatic Museum of Athens
10:
1007:
418:Bouffier & Garcia 2021
154:founding myth of Marseille
115:
52:
37:Coin from Massalia in the
25:
18:
598:10.1515/9781501503986-002
307:
273:Massalia was ruled as an
28:Massilia (disambiguation)
21:Massalia (disambiguation)
757:BMC Evolutionary Biology
339:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
126:ancient port of Massalia
778:10.1186/1471-2148-11-69
704:Duchêne, Roger (1998).
295:Ἐς Μασσαλίαν πλεύσειας
129:
72:
41:
864:Bizot, Bruno (2007).
123:
36:
16:Ancient Greek colony
769:2011BMCEE..11...69K
727:. Wiley-Blackwell.
87:coast, east of the
334:Greek colonisation
291:Ἐκ Μασσαλίας ἥκεις
161:Gallia Narbonensis
130:
42:
991:Greek city-states
986:Phocaean colonies
913:978-2-07-014213-2
894:978-1-4331-3204-9
875:978-2-85822-931-4
866:Marseille antique
814:Brill's New Pauly
742:978-1-4443-3838-6
715:978-2-7028-2422-1
696:978-2-87772-848-5
649:978-2-8107-0052-3
488:, epsilon, 3161 (
456:, pp. 36–37.
444:, pp. 38–39.
420:, pp. 25–28.
242:besieged in 49 BC
91:. Settled by the
75:) was an ancient
61:
998:
981:Ancient Massalia
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373:
367:
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318:haplogroup E-V13
269:Political system
215:Second Punic War
182:(early 3rd c.),
177:
124:Vestiges of the
99:in 600 BC, this
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56:
54:
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1005:
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858:Further reading
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531:Ab Urbe Condita
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240:. The city was
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150:Pompeius Trogus
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994:
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978:
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887:. Peter Lang.
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906:. Gallimard.
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454:Bouffier 2009
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442:Bouffier 2009
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432:, p. 38.
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430:Bouffier 2009
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631:Bibliography
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253:Late Antique
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227:
223:Celtiberians
219:Gulf of Lion
200:
158:
134:Ionian Greek
131:
100:
80:
77:Greek colony
44:
43:
929:: 165–185.
689:. Errance.
370:Lafond 2006
247:During the
180:Tauroentium
178:(ca. 325),
172: [
970:Categories
708:. Fayard.
550:Pro Flacco
494:in English
474:in English
406:Guyon 2012
345:References
299:effeminate
285:Reputation
275:oligarchic
203:Punic Wars
192:Euthymenes
959:163966936
943:1753-528X
787:1471-2148
763:(1): 69.
676:ignored (
666:cite book
506:Athenaeus
279:timouchoi
230:Civil War
209:from the
184:Antipolis
146:Aristotle
106:Marseille
83:) on the
58:romanized
805:21401952
658:43606588
592:: 7–15.
490:in Greek
470:in Greek
328:See also
314:Provence
257:Massilia
232:between
207:Carthage
142:Anatolia
73:Massilia
64:Massalía
53:Μασσαλία
45:Massalia
796:3068964
765:Bibcode
569:Epitome
262:civitas
211:Iberian
196:Pytheas
138:Phocaea
116:History
101:apoikia
97:Phocaea
93:Ionians
81:apoikia
60::
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951:301290
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604:
573:43.5.3
564:Justin
546:Cicero
308:Legacy
234:Caesar
188:Nikaia
165:Agathe
110:France
955:S2CID
947:JSTOR
654:JSTOR
535:37.54
515:12.25
249:Roman
176:]
169:Olbia
152:(see
95:from
89:Rhône
69:Latin
49:Greek
939:ISSN
908:ISBN
889:ISBN
870:ISBN
843:ISBN
801:PMID
783:ISSN
737:ISBN
710:ISBN
691:ISBN
678:help
644:ISBN
602:ISBN
526:Livy
492:and
486:Suda
472:and
466:Suda
251:and
186:and
148:and
931:doi
835:doi
818:doi
791:PMC
773:doi
729:doi
594:doi
156:).
972::
953:.
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937:.
927:82
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841:.
833:.
816:.
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789:.
781:.
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761:11
759:.
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735:.
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23:.
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