68:
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327:, showed a photo of an Air Force officer wearing an artificial pregnancy bump to demonstrate the design changes that made for the new Maternity Flight Duty Uniform and commented "So, we've got new hairstyles and maternity flight suits. Pregnant women are going to fight our wars. It's a mockery of the U.S. military." The Pentagon’s top spokesman and senior generals rebuked Carlson's remarks. His comments also drew numerous social media responses from both male and female enlisted service members, some of whom noted that Tucker has never served. Army veteran Senator
282:
298:"In the year since the beginning of the Military History Collections Inventory project, other members of the team and I have seen just about every type of military uniform we could conceive of. We have learned to identify branch, rank, even time period of different uniform pieces with relative ease, which is why we were surprised to come across a uniform unlike any we had seen before. It was a blue smock top paired with a white blouse and blue skirt, and it turned out to be a United States Air Force officer’s maternity dress uniform."
96:
162:, women spent more time in pregnancy compared to the 21st century, giving birth to an average of eight children with five making it through infancy. Queen Victoria herself had nine. Pregnancy was considered a private matter not to be discussed in "polite" conversation. A garment called a "wrapper" worn by women at home before they dressed for the day was well-suited for pregnancy as well since it wrapped around and could be worn loosely or more form-fitting as needed. At that time women were used to wearing
262:
and bolder prints. Aside from cultural modesty, Chinese women have sometimes sought to hide their second pregnancy in less shapely clothes because
Chinese policy has dictated that they can only have one child. In Chinese and Japanese cultures, there is a fear of radiation from devices such as computers and mobile phones, especially during pregnancy. Even though there is no evidence to support this (according to WHO), Asian maternity wear is often manufactured from “anti-radiation” fabrics.
20:
361:
wide media interest in celebrity pregnancies beginning in the late 1990s, the maternity wear market grew 10% between 1998 and 2003. It was also during this time that the term "pregnant chic" was developed in order for companies to market to pregnant women. One clothing source said the demand for maternity clothes was growing because "Nowadays women are working during pregnancy, and travelling, and going to the gym, so their clothing needs are greater and more diverse."
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as needed. Separates were introduced in the 1860s with boxy jackets and gathered center bodice panels. Some outfits had linings intended to lace over the belly for support. Fashion magazines showed maternity clothing, though the word "pregnancy" or similar was never mentioned, instead wording such as "for the recently married lady", or "for the young matron" was used.
258:
Fashion bloggers have caught on to the shift in perception and began to regularly discuss new styles and fabrics designed with the pregnant form in mind. High-tech fabrics such as elastane are the material of choice for maternity wear in
Western cultures as they allow garments to be form-fitting while allowing the abdominal area to expand as necessary.
302:
Bemis wrote in 2011 that of the more than 6,000 military uniforms in their collection only three were maternity uniforms, an Air Force officer’s uniform and two Navy Petty
Officer Second Class uniforms. The Air Force dress uniform features a blue smock top paired with a white blouse and blue skirt,
265:
Culturally in the US today, a few popular clothing brands have made everyday wear for pregnant women both fashionable and accessible. As the body is changing shape and therefore levels of comfort, most maternity clothing is made with Lycra and elastic for stretch and growth. For pants, the waistband
201:
skirt in 1937. By the 1930s, wrap-around skirts with a series of buttons were available, but the new Page Boy skirt was constructed with a window over the area of the expanding abdomen which allowed the hemline to remain stable rather than to hike up as the woman's abdomen increased in size. In later
169:
High-waisted gowns remained in style until about 1830 but when waists returned to normal levels maternity wardrobe planning became more difficult. In the 1840s and 1850s a fan pleated bodice was popular. Some styles were gathered at the shoulder with a drawstring at the waist which could be let out
372:
Maternity clothing is generally worn only during the second and third trimesters, and possibly for several weeks or months after the birth of the baby while a woman regains her pre-pregnancy size. If a woman expects to be pregnant only once or twice, buying maternity clothing that will be worn only
368:
analysis, in 2014 a pregnant woman spent around $ 480 on maternity wear. This represents approximately one-sixth of all clothing sales each year. The largest chains, belonging to
Destination Maternity, control almost one-fifth of the American market. Other brands are sold through discount stores,
261:
Women in
Eastern cultures, however, have maintained a much greater sense of modesty when it comes to maternity wear. In both the Islamic and Asian cultures, maternity wear is much less fitted, hemlines are longer and necklines higher. Modern Islamic maternity wear uses fabrics with brighter colours
257:
cover, which was one of the first instances of a magazine cover depicting an expectant mother. As a result, pregnant women are no longer trying to hide or disguise their "baby bumps", instead choosing to wear garments which closely fit their new shape, often emphasising the bust and abdominal area.
360:
Historically maternity clothing has not generally been considered a potentially profitable area for most major clothing manufacturers due to a belief that many women would not purchase clothes intended for only a few months of wearing. Declining birth rates have also reduced sales. However, with
289:
While women were integrated into the U.S. military in 1948, they were automatically discharged if they became pregnant. However, in the late 1970s it was decided that in order to keep women in an all-volunteer armed forces the military needed to change its policy regarding pregnancy. Following
248:
Maternity clothes around the world have been undergoing significant changes. In both
Eastern and Western cultures, there is greater demand for fashionable maternity clothes. In Western cultures the influence of celebrity culture. means that pregnant women in the public eye are taking the lead in
351:
Until this act was passed, many women were fired as a result of their pregnancies. Following the passage of this legislation women had more job security and government-protected maternity leave. At the same time as these laws were being passed, maternity fashions changed drastically. Many
343:
Pregnancy fashions took a dramatic turn in the 1990s with the introduction of tight-fitted maternity wear intended to emphasize rather than hide a pregnant woman's baby bump. Not coincidentally, this shift occurred during a time of major changes for women in
America. In 1993, the
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for about six months, can be considered expensive. Women who cannot afford or don't want to spend large amounts of money on maternity clothing may choose to just wear either larger, looser clothing or buy secondhand maternity clothes via yard sales and also
266:
is usually a thick layer of stretchy material that can be hidden by a shirt to give the pants a normal look. Depending on style and activity, tops often billow out to leave room for the belly and are made of varying cottons and elastic materials.
290:
complaints that pregnant women dressed in civilian clothing undermined morale, between 1978 and 1980 the armed forces began to issue military maternity outfits. Writing about her experience working on the Armed Forces
History Collections at the
49:, which was signed into law by President Bill Clinton, helped to protect the jobs of pregnant women, and served as a form of liberation that afforded women the freedom to wear fashionable maternity styles that emphasised their pregnancy.
318:
celebration in March 2021, President Joe Biden spoke of the progress that the military has taken in recent years to better accommodate women in the military, including creating maternity flight suits and new better fitting body armor.
228:
Further developments in maternity clothing styles have meant that many maternity tops are also made to enable discreet nursing, extending the usable life of maternity clothes beyond just the period whilst pregnant.
377:
clothing stores. Also, some products, such as button extenders or Ingrid & Isabel's
Bellaband wrap, are intended to work with the woman's non-maternity clothing, to reduce the need for specialized clothing.
150:. Bibs could be added to permit breastfeeding. The 1960s saw a revival of the Empire waistline which lasted for a few years as a general fashion, but remained popular for many years as pregnancy wear.
955:
Fox, Rebekah; Heffernan, Kristin; Nicolson, Paula (2009). "'I don't think it was such an issue back then': Changing experiences of pregnancy across two generations of women in south-east
England".
38:, and became fashionable as women became more selective about style and comfort in the types of maternity clothing they wore. Fashions were constantly changing over time, such as the high-waisted
331:, who lost both her legs during a deployment in Iraq and notably the first sitting senator to give birth while in office, responded to Carlson with a tweet referencing his brief appearance on
42:
style maternity dress that was fashionable at the turn of the 19th century, and the "wrapper" style dress of the Victorian era that a woman could simply wrap around herself and button up.
142:. Some styles had laced vents in the back that allowed the wearer to adjust the girth of the coat as needed. From the 1790s through the early 1820s a style well-suited for pregnancy, the
202:
years when stretch fabric became available it was used to fill in the window. Their clothing, usually a slim skirt with a wide smock top, became fashionable during the 1950s after
448:
45:
The commercial production of maternity clothing began at the start of the 20th century, and continued to evolve. During the 1990s in the U.S., relaxed laws such as the
841:
146:, was popular. The Empire, a style which has a fitted bodice ending just below the bust and a loosely gathered skirt, was made popular by Napoleon's first wife
673:
348:
was passed by President Bill Clinton. This act protected women's jobs during pregnancy, giving women more freedom to show off their pregnancies.
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335:: "While he was practicing his two-step, America’s female warriors were hunting down Al Qaeda and proving the strength of America’s women."
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magazine articles began to discuss stylish mothers-to-be wearing figure hugging clothing that emphasized their growing waistline.
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As more women are pregnant when they marry, some manufacturers of maternity clothing and bridal gowns have begun producing
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and the Navy uniforms include a blue coat and slacks with a white blouse for dress and a working uniform with
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895:"Government Support for Working Families and for Communities: Family and Medical Leave as a Case Study"
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In 2015 it was reported that maternity clothes is a $ 2.4 billion market in the U.S. According to a
206:
popularized the style in the first TV episode to show a pregnant woman in 1952. Celebrities such as
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Dudley, Adriane; DeSimone, Nancy (1994). "The Family Medical Leave Act: An Overview and Analysis".
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and matching blouse outfit priced at $ 5.98. Designer blue jeans became available in the '80s.
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138:, a waistless pregnancy gown with many folds, was popular. At that time women wore men’s
8:
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1007:"This startup's perk for pregnant employees? A $ 2,000 maternity clothes shopping spree"
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wearing formal evening wear at the Metropolitan Opera's 2010-11 Season Opening Night
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589:"More than 60 years ago, a pregnant Lucille Ball couldn't call herself "pregnant""
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842:"Tucker Carlson slammed by military leaders for mocking pregnant service members"
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130:, affluent pregnant women opened the seams to allow for growth. During the
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Slacks with adjustable waists became widely available in the 1950s. An
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740:, Sydney Morning Herald, 16 July 2007, retrieved 26 February 2011
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30:
is worn by women as an adaptation to changes in body size during
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and maternity corsets with laces for adjustment were available.
19:
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660:, Sydney Morning Herald, 5 May 2009, retrieved 26 February 2011
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768:, China Daily, 11 September 2008, retrieved 26 February 2011
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1212:
1202:
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900:. National Partnership For Working Families and Communities
2015:
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waist, and dresses with an adjustable wrap-around front.
995:, the Guardian, 28 February 2006, retrieved 8 April 2008
754:, World Health Organization, retrieved 26 February 2011
668:
666:
122:
Dresses did not follow a wearer's body shape until the
34:. The evolution of maternity clothing began during the
809:
807:
698:
The Good Mother: Contemporary Motherhoods in Australia
954:
663:
646:, the Guardian, 13 July 2007, retrieved 8 April 2008
804:
726:, Maternity-wear discussion, retrieved 16 July 2014
393:
391:
920:
765:Bringing anti-radiation clothing to future mothers
182:clothing for pregnant women was sold in the US by
565:"How will Meghan make maternity fashion her own?"
3130:
388:
294:, museum expert Bethanee Bemis wrote (in 2011):
311:shirt. All three uniforms are from the 1980s.
292:Smithsonian National Museum of American History
214:were later known for wearing Page Boy clothes.
923:100 Great Businesses and the Minds Behind Them
865:
694:
489:"What to Expect to Wear When You're Expecting"
276:
126:. When western European dresses began to have
1062:
134:period (roughly 1600s through the 1700s) the
674:"Celebrities Make Pregnancy Seem Glamorous"
1069:
1055:
636:
634:
919:Ross, Emily & Holland, Angus (2006).
397:
338:
197:The next competitor, Page Boy, offered a
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777:
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280:
249:maternity fashion. One such example is
236:
18:
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562:
511:
487:Plant, Stephie Grob (30 January 2018).
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874:(1). American Bar Association: 83–98.
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695:Goodwin, Susan; Huppatz, Kate (2010).
447:SchlĂĽter, Ann-Dorothee (30 May 2006).
400:"A Brief History Of Maternity Clothes"
1050:
859:
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778:Blumberg, Perri Ormont (2023-03-23).
676:. The Associated Press. 26 April 2006
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355:
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449:"A little History of Maternity Wear"
3077:Global trade of secondhand clothing
1004:
737:Iranian designers seek Islamic chic
614:"Vintage Maternity Clothes History"
539:"Vintage Maternity Clothes History"
13:
723:Maternity Fashion at cefashion.net
657:Hollywood redefines maternity wear
369:department stores, and boutiques.
285:c. 2013 U.S. Coast Guard maternity
232:
186:in the 1900s. Lane Bryant offered
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14:
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463:
398:Mannering, Lindsay (2009-02-10).
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751:What are electromagnetic fields?
563:Alleyne, Allyssia (2018-10-15).
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840:Madoni, Doha (12 March 2021).
814:Bemis, Bethanee (2011-09-26).
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1:
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927:. Sourcebooks, Inc. p.
780:"Here Comes the … Baby Bump"
514:"History of Maternity Dress"
346:Family and Medical Leave Act
47:Family and Medical Leave Act
7:
957:Gender, Place & Culture
820:The Smithsonian Institution
701:. Sydney University Press.
277:Military maternity uniforms
16:Clothing for pregnant women
10:
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3087:List of individual dresses
422:"Victorian Maternity Wear"
221:catalog from 1952 shows a
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969:10.1080/09663690903148424
316:International Women's Day
273:that fit pregnant women.
3092:Reconstructed clothing
989:Cartner-Morley, Jess,
339:Legislative influences
333:Dancing with the Stars
286:
245:
24:
816:"Pregnant in uniform"
643:I still want to be me
284:
240:
178:The first commercial
22:
3149:Clothing by function
3033:Environmental impact
1043:at Wikimedia Commons
3120:Clothing portal
992:New maternity lines
190:with an adjustable
3139:Maternity clothing
1041:Maternity clothing
784:The New York Times
518:Beauty and Fashion
356:Cost and economics
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246:
28:Maternity clothing
25:
3144:Sizes in clothing
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3097:Right to clothing
3021:Halloween costume
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2964:black lounge suit
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1917:
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1039:Media related to
1005:Zillman, Claire.
938:978-1-4022-0631-3
148:Empress Joséphine
40:Empire silhouette
3161:
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3102:Vintage clothing
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640:Cocozza, Paula,
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402:. Huffingtonpost
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212:Elizabeth Taylor
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3001:Clothing fetish
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2666:Square leg suit
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2588:Blanket sleeper
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2551:Sleeved blanket
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2110:Bodysuit, adult
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329:Tammy Duckworth
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233:Cultural trends
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174:1900 to present
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115:c. 2013 Germany
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87:c. 1880 Belgium
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2880:Pocket watch
2201:British Warm
2176:Chesterfield
2087:boxer shorts
2082:boxer briefs
1814:little black
1467:Bell-bottoms
1437:sweater vest
1014:. Retrieved
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893:Bell, Lisa.
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428:. 2012-02-09
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135:
121:
44:
27:
26:
2959:Semi-formal
2925:Dress codes
2815:Boutonnière
2797:Accessories
2676:Swim diaper
2671:Swim briefs
2636:Boardshorts
2556:Windbreaker
2317:Suit jacket
2312:Mess jacket
2206:Guards Coat
2125:See-through
1889:Romper suit
1263:Neck gaiter
1258:Neckerchief
1105:Terminology
1016:January 11,
406:11 November
375:consignment
255:Vanity Fair
188:shirtwaists
184:Lane Bryant
158:During the
124:Middle Ages
101:c. 1905 USA
36:Middle Ages
23:c. 2002 USA
3133:Categories
2900:Suspenders
2895:Sunglasses
2830:Cummerbund
2820:Coin purse
2724:Flip-flops
2719:Dress shoe
2714:Dress boot
2709:Court shoe
2656:Rash guard
2603:Nightshirt
2477:Harrington
2435:pellegrina
2295:Frock coat
2288:Suit coats
2277:Mackintosh
2218:Over-frock
2077:Underpants
2026:Undershirt
1899:Shirtdress
1740:boilersuit
1637:diplomatic
1599:Yoga pants
1589:Sweatpants
1502:High water
1497:Go-to-hell
1390:sleeveless
1343:halterneck
1333:cache-cœur
1253:Lavallière
1100:Technology
797:2023-03-24
599:2019-12-24
574:2019-12-24
523:August 31,
498:2018-03-06
455:30 October
382:References
251:Demi Moore
192:drawstring
140:waistcoats
2969:black tie
2952:white tie
2860:Jewellery
2777:Pantyhose
2651:One-piece
2598:Nightgown
2570:Nightwear
2408:Inverness
2403:ferraiolo
2228:shadbelly
2196:Greatcoat
2163:Overcoats
2150:outerwear
1996:Underwear
1951:Miniskirt
1936:Ballerina
1853:Strapless
1831:debutante
1826:ball gown
1804:Coatdress
1745:cleanroom
1703:Religious
1698:Political
1594:Windpants
1532:Parachute
1449:Waistcoat
1427:polo neck
977:144597034
851:March 13,
792:0362-4331
569:CNN Style
432:March 12,
60:Evolution
32:pregnancy
2976:Informal
2905:Umbrella
2850:Headband
2825:Cufflink
2782:Stocking
2767:Hold-ups
2696:Footwear
2646:Monokini
2641:Dry suit
2618:Swimwear
2593:Negligee
2583:Babygrow
2578:Babydoll
2546:Ski suit
2529:bathrobe
2509:Lab coat
2487:mackinaw
2430:mozzetta
2420:monastic
2381:pinafore
2344:Tailcoat
2272:Raincoat
2052:Leggings
2021:Camisole
2001:lingerie
1909:Sundress
1809:Cocktail
1794:Backless
1735:Workwear
1718:vestment
1713:clerical
1693:Pantsuit
1659:Military
1654:Jumpsuit
1649:Jodhpuri
1627:academic
1614:uniforms
1584:Slim-fit
1572:hotpants
1522:Overalls
1517:Jodhpurs
1459:Trousers
1412:guernsey
1407:cardigan
1348:tube top
1338:crop top
1246:Clerical
1223:Neckwear
1198:Kerchief
1139:baseball
1121:Headwear
1110:Timeline
1095:Industry
1078:Clothing
880:27894871
846:NBC News
825:March 9,
680:26 April
623:March 8,
325:Fox News
309:chambray
253:'s 1991
199:patented
136:Adrienne
3072:Fursuit
3038:Fashion
3011:Costume
2994:Related
2934:Western
2855:Handbag
2840:Glasses
2835:Gaiters
2805:Armband
2754:Legwear
2744:Sneaker
2739:Slipper
2686:Wetsuit
2631:Burkini
2608:Pajamas
2492:Norfolk
2482:leather
2447:Cut-off
2393:Cagoule
2388:Blouson
2354:morning
2327:smoking
2300:bekishe
2257:Paletot
2057:Panties
1966:Rah-rah
1961:Prairie
1858:Wedding
1843:Prairie
1821:Evening
1772:Dresses
1708:cassock
1674:service
1577:running
1562:dolphin
1557:cycling
1552:Bermuda
1527:Palazzo
1507:Lowrise
1472:Bondage
1442:twinset
1402:Sweater
1355:Cycling
1268:Necktie
1176:homburg
1090:History
1011:Fortune
904:8 April
593:TV Club
164:corsets
132:Baroque
53:History
2981:Casual
2942:Formal
2910:Wallet
2865:Livery
2845:Gloves
2787:Tights
2772:Garter
2729:Sandal
2681:Trunks
2626:Bikini
2519:Poncho
2504:Jerkin
2497:safari
2472:goggle
2467:flight
2457:Jacket
2442:Coatee
2415:Mantle
2332:sports
2322:Blazer
2240:Ulster
2235:Trench
2223:Riding
2191:Duster
2186:Duffel
2181:Covert
2092:briefs
2042:Diaper
2035:Bottom
1971:Sarong
1956:Pencil
1931:A-line
1923:Skirts
1894:Sheath
1884:Jumper
1872:Casual
1760:scrubs
1750:hazmat
1730:Prison
1725:School
1686:combat
1679:sailor
1547:Shorts
1492:Formal
1422:jersey
1417:hoodie
1380:Henley
1365:Mantle
1328:Blouse
1310:Tippet
1293:school
1288:kipper
1241:Collar
1236:Choker
1208:Turban
1188:Helmet
1171:fedora
1166:bowler
1161:boater
975:
935:
878:
790:
705:
493:Racked
366:Forbes
307:and a
219:Aldens
3065:types
2915:Watch
2890:Spats
2661:Sling
2541:Shawl
2514:Parka
2452:Gilet
2425:royal
2376:Apron
2369:Other
2349:dress
2305:rekel
2250:opera
2245:Cloak
2213:Greca
2144:Coats
2130:Teddy
2072:Thong
1976:Skort
1946:Men's
1941:Denim
1879:House
1838:Plain
1777:gowns
1755:space
1632:court
1609:Suits
1512:Jeans
1487:Chaps
1482:Cargo
1477:Capri
1432:shrug
1375:dress
1370:Shirt
1360:Kurta
1305:Scarf
1298:stock
1273:ascot
1231:Bands
1129:Beret
973:S2CID
898:(PDF)
876:JSTOR
128:seams
3082:Laws
2885:Sash
2870:Muff
2810:Belt
2762:Sock
2734:Shoe
2704:Boot
2524:Robe
2462:down
2398:Cape
2337:Teba
2267:Polo
2103:Full
2067:Slip
1999:and
1986:Wrap
1981:Tutu
1904:Slip
1863:Wrap
1775:and
1669:mess
1664:full
1644:Folk
1542:Phat
1385:polo
1320:Tops
1278:bolo
1213:Veil
1203:Mask
1193:Hood
1149:knit
1144:flat
1018:2018
933:ISBN
906:2014
853:2021
827:2018
788:ISSN
703:ISBN
682:2014
625:2018
550:2019
525:2020
457:2016
434:2018
408:2013
210:and
2262:Pea
2171:Car
2147:and
2016:Bra
2009:Top
1611:and
1567:gym
1283:bow
1181:top
1156:Hat
1134:Cap
965:doi
929:173
3135::
1009:.
971:.
961:16
959:.
941:.
931:.
872:26
870:.
844:.
818:.
806:^
786:.
782:.
665:^
633:^
616:.
591:.
567:.
541:.
516:.
491:.
465:^
424:.
390:^
1395:T
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
1020:.
979:.
967::
908:.
882:.
855:.
829:.
800:.
711:.
684:.
627:.
602:.
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552:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
