Media of Canada - Knowledge

1255:, have all at times faced criticism over their level of commitment to producing and airing Canadian programming. The commercial networks often find it easier to purchase rights to hit American series than to invest in Canadian productions, which are often prohibitively costly for the comparatively small size of the Canadian market. The French-language networks traditionally have had less difficulty meeting their Canadian content obligations, as the language difference makes francophone audiences much more readily receptive to home-grown programming than to dubbed American imports. 1182:); private affiliates of the CBC use the same combinations as other private stations. The CBC has also sometimes directly acquired former private affiliate stations; these usually (although not always) retain their historic call sign rather than changing to a CB call. While Canadian TV stations are technically required to identify themselves over the air by their call letters, the rule is rarely enforced by the CRTC. As a result, most TV stations never use their call letters for any purpose other than official CRTC business, and instead brand under regional names such as 89: 6346: 6168: 3434: 363: 3448: 621:, historically and in its modern conception, is based on the fact that, since the start of the 20th century, it was important for broadcasters to ensure that information flowed freely and reflected the diversity of Canadian points of view, as opposed to the classic approach, which gives media owners more freedom to express their views. The Canadian broadcasting system as it exists today "would probably not exist if we had allowed the marketplace to regulate ownership rights." 6332: 6180: 951: 3420: 2793: 2604: 1822: 836: 35: 503:, the federal government proclaimed the recognition of the diversity of Canadian culture. Thus, multicultural media became an integral part of Canadian media overall. Upon numerous government reports showing lack of minority representation or minority misrepresentation, the Canadian government stressed separate provision be made to allow minorities and ethnicities of Canada to have their own voice in the media. 538: 1783:, as the station was not yet available in Canada when MuchMusic began broadcasting in 1984. However, cable companies can offer CNN, as they were already offering that service when CBC Newsworld first aired in 1989.) The rules formerly required that the American service be removed if a Canadian equivalent is launched; this caused controversy when the US version of 947:(formerly 'V') broadcast in French and operate over-the-air in French-language markets (including Quebec and parts of Ontario and New Brunswick), although are also available across Canada via pay television. Most network stations are owned and operated by the networks themselves, although all networks have some affiliates with different ownership. 1055:). While both outlets devote a portion of their schedules to their networks' respective, advertising-supported entertainment programming, both networks are still required to adhere to an educational remit in the majority of their programming. Unlike in the United States, where a statewide public network is usually the state's primary 1167:—some are labelled by the call-letters of the originating station, followed by a number, while others have their own distinct call letters. Low-power repeater transmitters (LPRTs) have their own unique callsign format, which consists of the letters CH followed by four numbers. Some rebroadcast transmitters are licensed as 1778:

Under CRTC rules, cable companies cannot offer a new American service if a comparable Canadian service already exists. However, if a Canadian equivalent begins operations after an American service has already been added to cable packages, the cable company is not required to discontinue the American

607:

also organized to fight for artists' rights, working conditions, and better fees. In 1943, the Association of Canadian Radio Artists (ACRA) was formed as a loose national coalition of actors' groups. Over the years, ACRA evolved into the Association of Canadian Radio and Television Artists, followed

3227:

The rise of online media platforms has inevitably disrupted the need for print media consumption. The concern, however, lies in whether or not these online platforms, whether hyperlocal or national, have appropriate practices to enforce standard journalism practices in place, avoiding situations of

1293:

In May 2007, the CRTC set August 31, 2011 as the deadline for digital conversion in Canada. This is approximately two years later than the cutoff date in the United States. The CRTC ultimately decided to relax restrictions on advertising as the funding mechanism. However, a CRTC statement issued in

2131:

In recent years, a notable trend in Canadian radio has been the gradual abandonment of the AM band, with many AM stations applying for and receiving authorization from the CRTC to convert to the FM band. In some Canadian cities, in fact, the AM band is now either nearly or entirely vacant. Because

2014:

There is no clear rule for the call letters of repeater stations—some repeaters are labelled by the call-letters of the originating station, followed by a number, while others have their own distinct call letters. Low-power repeater transmitters (LPRTs) have their own unique callsign format,

1756:

are not available on basic cable because of lower demand for those networks. However, cable providers in border cities have been allowed to offer all American networks on basic cable that are available over the air in that market, even if that means more than four commercial networks are provided.

1261:

is an emerging technology in Canada. Although some TV stations have begun broadcasting digital signals in addition to their regular VHF or UHF broadcasts, this is not yet as widespread as in the United States. Although most markets have digital channel assignments already in place, to date digital

2727:

Canada also produces films of a characteristically "Canadian" nature, and of all Canadian cultural industries, the English-Canadian segment of the film industry has the hardest time escaping the shadow of its (North) American counterpart. Between the marketing budgets of mainstream films, and the

514:, is influenced both by local creators as well as by imports from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and France. In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. 1318:

There are currently 739 licensed cable distributors in Canada. This significant decline from over 2000 just a few years ago is attributable both to major cable companies acquiring smaller distributors and to a recent change in CRTC rules by which independent cable operators with fewer than 2,000

2735:

French-Canadian films, on the other hand, are often more successful—as with French-language television, the language difference makes Quebec audiences much more receptive to Canadian-produced film. In many years, the top-grossing Canadian film is a French-language production from Quebec.

2181:

already existed for American satellite radio receivers. Sirius and XM both launched in December 2005. The CHUM-Astral service, however, was never launched, and its license expired on June 16, 2007; CHUM stated that its business plan was based in part on the expectation that in the interests of

1652:

service. Digital cable, however, is provided only if a customer chooses to subscribe to that package. As of 2016, cable companies are also now required to offer a "skinny basic" option, whereby a small selection of channels – typically the main over-the-air networks, along with

1062:

Only CBC/Radio-Canada, TVA and APTN are officially considered national networks by the CRTC, while V is a provincial network in Quebec. City, CTV and Global are legally considered "television services" even though they operate as networks for all practical purposes. As well, there are a few

2132:

Canada is more sparsely populated than the United States, the limitations of AM broadcasting (particularly at night, when the AM dial is often overwhelmed by distant signals) have a much more pronounced effect on Canadian broadcasters. AM radio stations have the additional protection that

1273:

hearings in 2007 on the future direction of regulatory policy for television, broadcasters proposed a number of strategies, including funding digital conversion by eliminating restrictions on the amount of advertising that television broadcasters are permitted to air, allowing terrestrial

640:

150 million. In 2017, the federal government announced a five-year $ 50-million program to help struggling local newspapers. In 2018, it announced $ 595 million in tax credits to help struggling newspapers and television networks adapt to competition from online news sources.

1319:

subscribers are no longer required to operate under full CRTC licences. (However, the CRTC does retain some regulatory authority over these operators. This is an exemption granted by the CRTC to previously licensed companies that continue to meet certain conditions, and does

2755:

are often a Canadian film's most lucrative potential market. However, there is an established network of film festivals which also provide important marketing and audience opportunities for Canadian films. In addition to the Toronto International Film Festival, the smaller

1294:

June 2008 indicated that as of that date, only 22 digital transmitters had been fully installed across the entire country, and expressed the regulator's concern that Canada's television broadcasters were not adequately preparing for the shift to digital broadcasting.

1672:

when a Canadian channel and a non-Canadian channel (which is usually American) are airing the same program at the same time. Programming on an American service may also be blocked if it has significant bearing on a Canadian legal matter (e.g., one episode of

2151:

with distinct programming from the primary station, not many consumers yet own digital radios and digital broadcasting is usually not available in midsized or small markets. No Canadian radio broadcaster currently operates exclusively in DAB format.

2128:) where the competition from American stations threatens the survival of Canadian broadcasters, and for stations whose formats may not have enough Canadian recordings available to meet the 35 per cent target (e.g. classical, jazz or pop standards). 1917:, some CBC stations have three-letter callsigns, generally in major cities where the stations first aired in the 1930s. Newer CBC stations have normal four-letter callsigns, however. As with CBC television, CBC radio uses callsigns beginning with 692:

gave testimony to the House of Commons Justice Committee raising further speculation of political interference from the Liberal Party in journalism. As part of the testimony, Jessica Prince, the Wilson-Raybould's chief of staff revealed that

1091:

or educational services. CJON is the only independent commercial station currently operating in Canada, although CJON sublicenses a mix of programming from Global, CTV and other sources rather than purchasing program rights independently.

1350:. Most Canadian cities are served by only one cable company per market; in the few cities that are served by more than one cable company, each company is restricted to a specific geographical division within the market. For instance, in 2728:

largely American-controlled film distribution networks, it has been nearly impossible for most distinctively English-Canadian films to break through to a wide audience. In many Canadian cities, in fact, moviegoers do not even have the

1193:

Due to their proximity to American media markets, a number of Canadian cities and regions receive US broadcasters as part of their local media. This has required special dispensation for Canadian content for broadcasters in the

1565:

A further set of Canadian and American special-interest channels are offered as 'extended cable' packages, which are available for additional fees. In the past, cable companies have engaged in the controversial practice of

1635:

packages in most Canadian cities, including a number of channels which have been licensed exclusively for digital package distribution. Digital cable also typically includes a range of audio broadcast services such as

2940:

Major francophone publishers in Quebec include Bibliothèque québécoise, Alire, Québec-Amérique, Éditions Guérin and Groupe Beauchemin. Several small francophone publishers also operate outside of Quebec, including

3534: 1190:. Even then, most network-owned stations may only use these brands for station identification and newscasts, and promote the majority of their programming under the network brand without any disambiguation. 2499:

newspapers, geared toward a younger audience with coverage of the arts and alternative news. In recent years, many of these weeklies have also been acquired or driven out of business by conglomerates like

2140:

services are required by the CRTC to distribute all locally available AM stations through conversion to a cable FM signal, but cable FM only accounts for a small percentage of radio listeners in Canada.

804:

of Canada. The objective of such media in Canada is to create a voice for a community of a particular ethnic background, challenge social injustices, and foster cultural pride for minority and immigrant

6630: 6600: 6505: 434:—is often overshadowed by imports from the United States. As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Canadian culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the 2664:

Given Canada's small market and its position next to the United States—the dominant producer of feature films—the Canadian film industry receives substantial assistance from the government. In the

900:

broadcasting industry is split between public and private ownership. Canada currently has 130 originating television stations, which broadcast on 1,456 transmitters across the country, on both the

715:, regarding whether recent changes to their editorial staff was singling a shift that they were pushing "conservative views" onto their audience. In 2019, Kathy English, the public editor for the 6555: 1008:, although the network airs terrestrially only in the 3 Canadian territories, and must be carried by all television providers in the rest of Canada. There are, as well, a number of smaller 3983: 6605: 6307: 6266: 725:

has failed to meet its journalistic standards by stating "call for reporting fairly and accurately and reflecting the pertinent facts and diversity of views on matters of public debate."

4023:

The government is pledging nearly $ 600 million over the next five years to help news organizations struggling to adapt to a digital age that has disrupted traditional business models.

2732:

of seeing such films, as there are no theatres screening them. As a result, a Canadian film is usually considered a runaway hit if it makes as little as $ 1 million at the box office.

2518:, publishing primarily online but in a newspaper format, have attempted to fill gaps in Canada's journalistic coverage while avoiding the vulnerabilities of the previous generation of 1163:

are also assigned to Canada, but to date no Canadian television station has ever been licensed to take a call sign within those ranges. There is no clear rule for the call letters of

592: 6445: 2292:

in the late 1990s. When Hollinger sold its Canadian properties, however, many of their smaller-market newspapers were in fact purchased by a variety of new ownership groups such as

1665:

basis at the subscriber's discretion. Although this package has had some popularity, the traditional larger and more expensive cable packages remain the dominant subscription mode.

6495: 2956:

genre publisher is EDGE Science Fiction and Fantasy Publishing, which now also owns the Tesseract Books imprint, well known for producing excellent Canadian speculative fiction.

6281: 6510: 6405: 5842: 6595: 1992:, adopted the callsign in 1981 because of its ownership association with VOCM. With the exception of VOCM-FM, radio stations licensed in Newfoundland after 1949 use the same 1047:

were formerly provincial public broadcasters (SCN and Access), but both have since been privatized and amalgamated into commercial networks operated by their current owners (

6560: 4491: 4287: 6251: 5021: 2117: 1270: 1005: 760: 443: 6115: 5852: 2706:

Alliance was by far the largest and most successful Canadian film studio, both as a film and television production house (the company's television properties include

6615: 5993: 6610: 6261: 476:

networks in both English and French. In addition to the CBC, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as

747:

with high exposure to traditional media gave roughly 50% more wrong answers than those with low exposure. "Strong partisans", however, gave almost twice as many.

6620: 6291: 5180: 4006: 3146: 53: 6500: 6410: 6271: 2034:. However, many smaller broadcasters operate radio stations as well. Most genres of music are represented on the Canadian commercial radio spectrum, including 6585: 6580: 6575: 2724:), and as the major Canadian distributor of independent American and international films. On January 9, 2013, the company was acquired by Entertainment One. 1171:, which are licensed to air separate commercials (and, on rarer occasions, a limited amount of distinct programming) targeted to their community of license. 6565: 6570: 2929: 2893: 6535: 6440: 6256: 6070: 1269:

Several broadcasters, including the CBC, have argued that there is no viable business case for a comprehensive digital conversion strategy in Canada. At

493:

declares "the system should serve to safeguard, enrich, and strengthen the cultural, political, social, and economic fabric of Canada". The promotion of

393: 2058:. News, sports, talk radio and religious stations are also available in many cities. In addition, many Canadian universities and colleges have licensed 1399:, but as these are not licensed Canadian providers, stores that sell those packages—and users who buy them—are at risk of criminal charges. 6550: 6545: 6475: 6455: 6312: 6276: 1311:

is a very common method of television programming delivery in Canada. By 1997, already 77% of Canadian homes subscribed to a cable television service.

3946:, Professor, L.R. Wilson Chair, Information Technologies and Electronic Commerce Law, Public Law Research Centre, University of Montreal, May 29, 2003 1628:

A study in 2006 said that the CRTC had licensed 44 digital specialty services and 5 ethnic specialty- and pay-television services across the country.

2078:. Canada has approximately 14 full-time ethnic radio stations, based primarily in the major metropolitan markets of Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. 1744:

Under CRTC rules, American networks are offered on a "4 + 1" basis, meaning that a cable company may offer any four American commercial networks and

1570:, in which a subscriber is automatically given and billed for the new services unless he or she specifically declines them, but this is now illegal. 609: 6540: 6317: 5847: 4448: 4191: 4586: 4164: 2772:—among other cities—are also important opportunities for Canadian filmmakers to gain exposure among more populist film audiences. 6384: 3918: 2253:, along with community and neighbourhood weeklies. In large cities that have more than one daily newspaper, usually at least one daily is a 2175:. These services, which were approved by the CRTC on June 16, 2005, were Canada's first official satellite radio services, although a small 2113:

provide arts and culture programming, including classical music and opera, and are always on FM, generally serving larger communities only.

5140: 4403: 1087:. However, most of these are not general entertainment stations like independent stations in the United States, but are instead specialty 5120: 2739:

As a result of the economic challenges involved in Canadian film production, film funding is often provided by government bodies such as

701:, said: "If Jody is nervous, we would, of course, line up all kinds of people to write op-eds saying that what she is doing is proper." 2067: 5230: 5200: 5135: 2103:

provide news and information programming to most communities in Canada, regardless of size, on either the AM or FM band. The English

2695:

are major production centres, with Vancouver being the second largest film and television production centre in North America (after

608:

by the Canadian Council of Authors and Artists, then the Association of Canadian Television and Radio Artists, and, in 1984, to the

1965: 1076: 4488: 2556:

The late 2010s have seen an expansion in online news partisan outlets with ties to the major political parties in Canada, such as

2011:

to simplify all callsigns used in Canada as part of the ongoing modernization and simplification of domestic telecom regulations.

5076: 4907: 4284: 4138: 3509: 386: 6218: 468:, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, which also plays a significant role in producing domestic cultural content, operating 2703:

is considered one of the most important events in North American cinema, showcasing both Canadian talent and Hollywood films.

1059:

member station, the provincially owned public systems in Canada are independent of each other and have their own programming.

6625: 4896: 3894: 3859: 3824: 3799: 3728: 3701: 3666: 3631: 3604: 3571: 2757: 1757:

American network affiliates are usually provided from the nearest available American market. However, signals distributed by

1475: 997: 4604: 4236:"Theorizing Multicultural Media as Social Capital: Crossing borders, constructing buffers, creating bonds, building bridges" 5155: 1290:, or eliminating terrestrial television broadcasting entirely and moving to an exclusively cable-based distribution model. 4995: 3956: 3466: 2269: 6231: 5629: 5259: 4440: 3282: 2752: 2700: 2228:

is the French-language counterpart to the national newspapers. The newspaper with the highest circulation overall is the

1796: 1586: 825: 5799: 5210: 5030: 4535: 3478: 1233:

run predominantly Canadian-produced schedules, though, the English network does run some imported programming from the

379: 112: 4949: 4928: 4818: 1644:. In some markets, digital cable service may also include local radio stations; where this is offered, it has largely 6377: 5568: 5225: 5150: 5145: 5130: 4959: 4938: 4917: 4872: 4849: 4828: 4807: 3766: 3756: 3483: 2840: 2651: 2082: 1861: 1303: 1230: 912: 883: 629: 578: 435: 3984:"A new era for CBC, hopefully: Things could finally start looking up for the beleaguered public broadcaster in 2016" 2822: 2633: 865: 6151: 6105: 5769: 5205: 5175: 4886: 4839: 4797: 2814: 2668:, about half of the budget of a typical Canadian film came from various federal and provincial government sources. 2625: 1839: 1811: 1266:. Digital television sets are available in Canadian stores, but are not universally present in all Canadian homes. 857: 347: 263: 6018: 5240: 789: 166: 124: 17: 4981: 4560: 4421: 4086: 2986:, is republished in Canada with a few pages of special Canadian content, in order to take advantage of Canadian 2147:, or DAB, is an emerging technology in Canada. Although many radio stations in major metropolitan markets offer 5592: 4112: 4087:"Jody Wilson-Raybould's testimony – read the full transcript of her opening remarks – National | Globalnews.ca" 2818: 2720: 2629: 2277: 2199: 1843: 1558: 861: 685: 664: 6651: 5666: 5469: 5220: 4061: 3473: 2776: 1519: 1465: 781: 498: 494: 439: 419: 5012: 6370: 5742: 5717: 5649: 5110: 2994:

on split run publications in 1995 to discourage the practice, although this continues to be controversial.

2571: 1748:

on basic cable; other American networks can only be offered on a pay tier. In most cities, this means that

1479: 1001: 774: 681: 422:, and very regionalized. Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural output—particularly in 2099: 6141: 5722: 5597: 5455: 5069: 2205: 1745: 1535: 1056: 337: 228: 1668:

Although this is sometimes controversial, Canadian cable companies are required by the CRTC to practise

1315:, with 93% of its homes connected to cable, had one of the highest cable connection rates in the world. 6515: 6211: 6085: 6039: 5877: 5732: 5656: 5557: 5541: 5245: 5215: 5185: 5166: 4930:

Converging media, diverging politics: A political economy of news media in the United States and Canada

2965: 2576: 2254: 2144: 1461: 1447: 1370: 1088: 924: 770: 431: 328: 154: 149: 72: 2268:

Canadian newspapers are mostly owned by large chains. At various times there have been concerns about

1885:

As with television stations, radio callsigns in Canada are made up of four letters beginning with the

5983: 5935: 5901: 5639: 5474: 5371: 5296: 3461: 3256: 3160: 3118: 2665: 2525:

In the 2000s, a number of online news and culture magazines also launched with the goal of providing

1669: 1662: 1614: 1554: 1485: 1433: 1248: 1023:

Several provinces maintain provincial public broadcasting networks in addition to the CBC, including

940: 932: 916: 756: 461: 171: 139: 4473: 1799:. Ultimately, Viacom purchased a minority share in the network, and rebranded it under the CMT name. 6136: 5764: 5563: 5494: 5484: 5479: 5464: 2915: 2881: 2803: 2714: 2614: 2055: 1784: 1735:

offer the network on a discretionary basis, and the network does have mandatory carriage in Quebec.

1469: 846: 658:

have on the Quebec media system. The article noted that Quebecor behaves like a counterpart to the

556: 333: 1661: – are packaged for a maximum fee of $ 25 with additional channels available on a 1115:) and some (primarily CBC-owned Radio-Canada stations) have five. The first call letter is always 5727: 5693: 5580: 5195: 5103: 5002: 3943: 3922: 2807: 2696: 2618: 2561: 1832: 1758: 1687:, was blocked in Canada) or if it interferes with a Canadian channel's broadcast rights (such as 1567: 1274:

broadcasters to charge cable viewers a subscription fee similar to that already charged by cable

850: 765: 633: 617: 591:

The history of Canadian media performers goes back to the first days of radio. In the 1940s, the

489: 4742: 3791: 3784: 2970:

A notable controversy in Canadian magazine publishing in recent years has been the existence of

1769:) are frequently substituted where cost or technical limitations prevent use of a closer signal. 655: 6131: 6075: 6063: 6053: 5958: 5928: 5779: 5749: 5737: 5698: 5634: 5575: 5531: 5062: 4035: 3596: 3132: 2867: 2543: 2319: 1985: 1425: 1347: 1244: 1219: 1036: 928: 680:, the other major union for Canadian journalists, announced that it would campaign against the 632:

in order to campaign for increased taxpayer funding of the CBC in the 2015 election. After the

196: 159: 5013:

CBC Digital Archives – Concentration to Convergence: Media Ownership in Canada

5006: 3884: 3718: 2858:

Canada is home to a robust book publishing industry that operates in both official languages.

1099:

in Canada are usually made up of four letters, although two stations have three call letters (

6204: 6196: 5806: 5688: 5644: 5602: 5587: 5337: 4062:"Unifor head tells union's media members he hears concerns about Tory-bashing but won't stop" 4007:"$ 600M in federal funding for media 'a turning point in the plight of newspapers in Canada'" 3849: 3691: 3656: 3621: 3561: 3222: 3059: 2934: 2897: 2514: 2343: 1941:, exist where the CBC acquired an existing station with a historically significant callsign. 1705: 1506: 1407: 1327: 1207: 1048: 457: 415: 290: 278: 134: 2942: 6590: 6450: 5911: 5894: 5884: 5826: 5821: 5548: 5518: 5311: 3067: 2581: 2393: 1183: 905: 819: 689: 659: 625: 527: 511: 453: 449: 427: 268: 258: 48: 2671:

Most of Canada's film (and television) industry produces output geared towards mainstream

1512:

a similar channel to CPAC, but broadcasting the proceedings of the provincial legislature;

1323:

mean that anybody can simply set up their own small cable company without CRTC approval.)

8: 6430: 5998: 5916: 5872: 5811: 5624: 5504: 5361: 3195: 3038: 2873: 2566: 2439: 2182:

Canadian content, the CRTC would have rejected the Sirius and XM applications, approving

1766: 1654: 1622: 1331: 1040: 769:

states that media organizations should reflect "equal rights, the linguistic duality and

736: 548: 411: 243: 144: 4369:

Ojo, Tokunbo (August 2006). "Ethnic print media in the multicultural nation of Canada".

1024: 481: 6485: 6460: 6013: 5889: 5816: 5754: 5661: 5615: 5536: 5499: 5423: 5051: – The complete accurate user-friendly list of Canadian radio stations. 4516: 4408: 4386: 4296: 3589: 3202: 3031: 2982: 2748: 2680: 2496: 2289: 2212: 2148: 1578: 1542: 1515: 1343: 1279: 1275: 1258: 515: 465: 300: 295: 273: 1909:, although a few stations use three-letter callsigns. In addition to private stations 6470: 6415: 6110: 6080: 6028: 5988: 5978: 5950: 5923: 5759: 5705: 5680: 5399: 5389: 5093: 4955: 4934: 4913: 4892: 4868: 4861: 4845: 4824: 4803: 4738: 3900: 3890: 3865: 3855: 3830: 3820: 3795: 3762: 3734: 3724: 3697: 3672: 3662: 3637: 3627: 3600: 3567: 3453: 3229: 3167: 3024: 2909: 2877: 2676: 2526: 2519: 2359: 1980:, began broadcasting before Newfoundland was a Canadian province, and retained their 1727:, does not have mandatory national carriage rights, although some cable companies in 1658: 1502: 1437: 1374: 1351: 1263: 1239: 1104: 1009: 740: 704: 310: 189: 129: 119: 100: 88: 80: 43: 4517:"Good News, Bad News: A snapshot of conditions at small-market newspapers in Canada" 4390: 3002: 2296:, increasing the diversity of newspaper ownership for the first time in many years. 2190:

in 2011, several months after a similar merger between their American counterparts.

1366:

are all licensed operators, but each has a monopoly in a specific area of the city.

6246: 6146: 6023: 5973: 5968: 5552: 5281: 5235: 4378: 4247: 4215: 4113:"You Must Be This Conservative To Ride: The Inside Story of Postmedia's Right Turn" 3886:

International Trade Law and Domestic Policy: Canada, the United States, and the WTO

3174: 3111: 3103: 3095: 3052: 2923: 2889: 2593: 2409: 2187: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2086: 2031: 2018:

As of 2020, the four largest major commercial radio broadcast groups in Canada are

1577:' channels is also available for additional fees, including movie networks such as 1414:), cable delivery is prohibitively costly, so similar services are offered through 1308: 1226: 1195: 801: 797: 507: 423: 342: 305: 253: 223: 4988: 2779:, has become internationally famous for its animation and documentary production. 735:

A report released from the Digital Democracy Project, a joint venture between the

6490: 6480: 6420: 6336: 6286: 6227: 6184: 6003: 5940: 5906: 5710: 5435: 5413: 5408: 4495: 4477: 4291: 4192:"Chris Selley: Misinformed Canadians have lessons for media and government alike" 3249: 3045: 2953: 2946: 2919: 2885: 2769: 2740: 2160: 2156: 2090: 2063: 2008: 1637: 1492: 1044: 1017: 793: 285: 233: 218: 206: 176: 4252: 4235: 1491:

nearby independent channels or channels from smaller television systems such as

6465: 6058: 6008: 5430: 5418: 5384: 5190: 3425: 3153: 3081: 2744: 2509: 2285: 2242: 2019: 1675: 1574: 1443: 1287: 1234: 1225:

Although all broadcast networks in Canada are required to produce and air some

920: 744: 698: 670: 651: 497:

began in the late 1980s as multicultural policy was legislated in 1988. In the

473: 4452: 4338: 4311: 3904: 3869: 3834: 3738: 3676: 3641: 2872:

which made its name in the 1970s as the leading publisher of English language

1590: 6645: 6435: 6350: 6172: 5526: 5440: 5291: 4588:

EOne Completes Alliance Films Acquisition; Victor Loewy, Charles Layton Exit.

4382: 3488: 3439: 3361: 3308: 3232:'. For example, some platforms have been known to use scare-tactics to drive 3188: 3016: 2760:

features films from around the world, and other major festivals in Montréal,

2672: 2389: 2339: 2218: 2186:

the CHUM-Astral service. The two active services, XM and Sirius, merged into

2164: 2094: 2047: 2043: 1732: 1684: 1680: 1632: 1582: 1509:

and committee meetings, along with some political public-affairs programming;

1164: 1016:(a compliment to the main CTV network in smaller and secondary markets), and 694: 367: 238: 211: 2584:

have received attention though their massive mostly social-based following.

1421:

An English-language 'basic cable' package in Canada traditionally includes:

5963: 5394: 5321: 3181: 3125: 2549: 2293: 2281: 2236: 2230: 2172: 2168: 2075: 2059: 2023: 1788: 1753: 1594: 1396: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1202:

media footprint), and there have also been cases of US-based broadcasters (

785: 717: 708: 646: 201: 1339: 6362: 5489: 5301: 4426: 3233: 2987: 2273: 2249:

In addition, almost all Canadian cities are served by at least one daily

2177: 2109: 2027: 1618: 1606: 1527: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1052: 5048: 2684: 732:, arguing that there is "no such a thing as objectivity in journalism." 5125: 3344: 3270: 3209: 3139: 2991: 2071: 2039: 1964:

are also assigned to Canada. Only four Canadian radio stations, all in

1886: 1846: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1698: 1689: 1468:

and information programming as well as community events listings (c.f.

1120: 1084: 897: 712: 4926: 4139:"The new worry about the next election: your daily news – Macleans.ca" 1119:, and callsigns of privately owned television stations start with the 5794: 5027: 4884: 4733: 3320: 3294: 3009: 2708: 2692: 2531: 2323: 2250: 2224: 2104: 2035: 1977: 1969: 1934: 1926: 1546: 1454: 1312: 1028: 950: 806: 604: 477: 469: 107: 4474:

Broadcasting undertaking callsigns possibly available for assignment

2876:. English Canada also has many smaller publishing houses, including 2792: 2603: 2234:, while the newspaper with the highest readership per capita is the 2116:

Music-based commercial radio stations in Canada are mandated by the

1874:

Canada is served by approximately 2,000 radio stations, on both the

1821: 835: 773:

and multiracial nature of Canadian society and the special place of

6048: 5286: 3337: 3301: 3088: 3074: 2765: 2537: 2505: 2258: 2137: 2007:

callsigns in Canada is unknown. It would not be at all unusual for

1930: 1879: 1875: 1694: 1649: 1641: 1541:

a mixture of Canadian and American special-interest channels (e.g.

1464:, produced by the particular cable company, which usually includes 1174:

CBC-owned stations use call letters beginning with the combination

1112: 1096: 1068: 1000:(APTN), a service devoted mainly to programming of interest to the 600: 596: 4267: 3419: 2495:

Additionally, the 1980s and 1990s saw the emergence of city-based

1968:, have taken call signs in those ranges. Three of these stations, 5342: 5306: 5276: 3655:

Taras, David; Bakardjieva, Maria; Pannekoek, Frits, eds. (2007).

3620:

Taras, David; Bakardjieva, Maria; Pannekoek, Frits, eds. (2007).

2761: 2688: 2501: 2015:

which consists of the letters VE or VF followed by four numbers.

1989: 1938: 1762: 1728: 1598: 1429: 1411: 1392: 1222:) targeting its programming and advertising at Canadian viewers. 1215: 1211: 1203: 1199: 1187: 1080: 1072: 1064: 1013: 927:) television networks, there are five major private TV networks. 4888:

How Canadians communicate II: media, globalization, and identity

4708: 4647: 3658:

How Canadians Communicate II: Media, Globalization, and Identity

3623:

How Canadians Communicate II: Media, Globalization, and Identity

2553:. Similarly, as of 2006, Canada had over 250 ethnic newspapers. 1488:– one of the two private French-language broadcasters in Quebec; 939:

broadcast in English, and are available throughout the country.

5316: 5085: 4977: 4561:"The CANADALAND Guide To New Popular, Populist Political Media" 4536:"Irving-owned New Brunswick newspapers to be sold to Postmedia" 2974:

magazines, where a title published in another country, such as

2262: 1914: 1910: 1749: 1496: 1391:

DBS dishes can also be obtained from American services such as

1335: 1252: 1108: 1100: 936: 677: 464:". The largest of these corporations is the country's national 6226: 5036: 2683:

in particular enjoying significant successes in recent years.

2124:, although exemptions are granted in some border cities (e.g. 636:

won the election, it increased taxpayer funding of the CBC by

5347: 3613: 3373: 3263: 2155:

On November 1, 2004, the CRTC began hearing applications for

1922: 1795:

launched. CMT had contested that this was a violation of the

1779:

service. (For example, Canadian cable companies cannot offer

1724: 1403: 1179: 944: 460:, and in both official languages, is largely dominated by a " 3648: 553:. In particular, information does not seem to flow together. 5041:

Telecommunications, internet and overall media landscape: {

5018:

Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission

4996:

Finding Canadian Magazines – Journalism.Net

4515:

Lindgren, April; Jolly, B.; Sabatini, C.; Wong, C. (2019).

3510:

Disruption: Change and churning in Canada's media landscape

2990:

sales revenues. The government of Canada imposed a special

2976: 2118:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

2051: 1973: 1610: 1602: 1415: 761:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

637: 444:

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

4927:

Skinner, David; James Robert Compton; Mike Gasher (2005).

4779: 4671: 4165:"Defending human rights the goal of journalism | The Star" 1440:– the major English-language Canadian commercial networks; 5054: 4885:

Taras, David; Maria Bakardjieva; Frits Pannekoek (2007).

4514: 3786:

Mediascapes : new patterns in Canadian communication

3654: 3619: 3380: 1780: 1550: 1531: 1523: 1283: 1032: 901: 610:

Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists

5017: 4858: 4755: 4683: 4441:"Super Bowl TV commercials – why are the ads different?" 3957:"CMG registers as a third party in the federal election" 2490:

Brunswick News Inc. was purchased by Postmedia in 2022.

4951:

Communicating in Canada's Past: Essays in Media History

4947: 3696:. Institute for Research on Public Policy. p. 18. 2120:

to reserve at least 35 per cent of their playlists for

1921:, through a special arrangement with the government of 1457:

in Ontario), if available (not all provinces have one);

788:” or “third media” (as it may use languages other than 4863:

Canadian newspaper ownership in the era of convergence

4820:

In the news: the practice of media relations in Canada

4622: 3591:

Canadian Content: Culture and the Quest for Nationhood

3781: 3758:

The Handbook of Global Media and Communication Policy

2272:, notably in 1970 and 1980 with two commissions, the 1453:

a provincial educational broadcast undertaking (e.g.

4036:"Pierre Karl Péladeau: King of Quebec – Macleans.ca" 3415: 2210:

Canada currently has two major national newspapers:

1518:(typically from the nearest major American city) of 1178:(through a special agreement with the government of 5042: 4841:

Morals and the media: ethics in Canadian journalism

3566:(4th ed.). James Lorimer Company. p. 57. 2085:operates four national radio networks, two each in 628:, the union representing CBC journalists, became a 518:limit foreign competition in magazine advertising. 4860: 4339:"Electronic rating system to be used in Vancouver" 3783: 3588: 2265:have important papers in both French and English. 3790:(2nd ed.). Toronto: Thomson Nelson. p. 3515:(Report). Standing Committee on Canadian Heritage 1723:The other French-language broadcaster in Quebec, 6643: 4605:"Entertainment One ready to close Alliance deal" 4449:Canadian Radio and Telecommunications Commission 4285:"Networks unprepared for digital TV shift: CRTC" 3239:Online-only media publishers in Canada include: 2159:services. Three applications were filed: one by 1450:– the English- and French-language CBC networks; 5045:] Canadian Media Concentration Research Project 1402:In some remote communities in the Territories ( 5037:Media History in Canada bibliographic database 1229:, only the English and French networks of the 1020:—a group of Rogers-owned ethnic broadcasters. 6378: 6212: 5070: 4912:(3rd ed.). James Lorimer & Company. 4859:Soderlund, Walter C; Kai Hildebrandt (2005). 4489:"Sirius Canada and XM Canada Complete Merger" 4422:"'Skinny basic' cable packages popular: CRTC" 3847: 2529:. Some important online publications include 1262:broadcasts have only launched in the largest 387: 2280:respectively, as well as more recently when 1697:; the Canadian broadcast rights are held by 688:. In February 2019, former Attorney General 662: 506:Non-news media content in Canada, including 4482: 3854:. University of Calgary Press. p. 37. 3661:. University of Calgary Press. p. 86. 3626:. University of Calgary Press. p. 87. 3020: – East Coast auto magazine 2821:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2632:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1704:Many cable companies also offer high speed 864:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 650:wrote an article noting the influence that 42:It has been suggested that this article be 6392: 6385: 6371: 6219: 6205: 5141:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945) 5077: 5063: 3467:Concentration of media ownership in Canada 2904:Foreign Publishers With Branches In Canada 2775:One particular film production house, the 813: 800:), is media that responds to the needs of 394: 380: 4989:The Great Canadian Guide to Movies and TV 4795: 4251: 3982:Szklarski, Cassandra (December 7, 2015). 3981: 3882: 3750: 3748: 3716: 3689: 3586: 3535:"Freedom of expression and media freedom" 2841:Learn how and when to remove this message 2652:Learn how and when to remove this message 2222:. Though not widely read outside Quebec, 2062:stations, and some communities also have 1862:Learn how and when to remove this message 884:Learn how and when to remove this message 743:'s School of Public Policy revealed that 579:Learn how and when to remove this message 4948:Allen, Gene; Daniel J. Robinson (2009). 4336: 4309: 1956:and several combinations beginning with 1155:and several combinations beginning with 949: 5613: 4837: 4533: 4310:Dalglish, Brenda (September 13, 1997). 4004: 3848:Beaty, Bart; Sullivan, Rebecca (2006). 3754: 3595:. University of Toronto Press. p. 2997:Magazines published in Canada include: 2300:Newspapers owned by large chains, 2018 1326:Major Canadian cable companies include 595:(RATS) was formed. Radio performers in 14: 6644: 6037: 4905: 4816: 4611:. The Canadian Press. January 3, 2013. 4364: 4362: 4360: 4233: 4189: 3814: 3782:Attallah, Paul; Yasmin Jiwani (2006). 3745: 3559: 2425:TransMet Logistics/Metropolitan Media 1984:call letters when Newfoundland joined 1621:.) These services, however, require a 559:. There is a discussion about this on 6366: 6200: 5843:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations 5058: 4982:Canadian Cable and Satellite Database 4623:"Investigative Journalism Foundation" 4534:Ibrahim, Hadeel (February 18, 2022). 4510: 4508: 4005:Thomson, Stuart (November 21, 2018). 3720:Canadian Communication Policy and Law 2862:English Language Publishers In Canada 2758:Vancouver International Film Festival 1966:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador 1805: 1373:delivery as an alternative to cable: 1198:region (due to it falling within the 998:Aboriginal Peoples Television Network 2819:adding citations to reliable sources 2786: 2630:adding citations to reliable sources 2597: 2270:concentration of newspaper ownership 1844:adding citations to reliable sources 1815: 1789:a new Canadian country music channel 862:adding citations to reliable sources 829: 763:. Section 3(d)(iii) of the Canadian 531: 28: 6116:Topics by provinces and territories 5007:ThePaperboy.com Canadian Newspapers 4627:Investigative Journalism Foundation 4368: 4357: 3507: 3283:Investigative Journalism Foundation 3063: – women's magazine 2701:Toronto International Film Festival 2278:Kent Royal Commission on Newspapers 1797:North American Free Trade Agreement 1369:However, two major companies offer 1297: 826:Lists of Canadian television series 759:and the state of media through the 697:, chief of staff to Prime Minister 24: 5031:Canadian Communications Foundation 5003:The Canadian Newspaper Association 4788: 4505: 3723:. Canadian Scholars. p. 199. 3479:Canadian Communications Foundation 2743:, and television services such as 2587: 2000:range as other Canadian stations. 1653:"public service" channels such as 755:The Canadian government regulates 87: 25: 6663: 4970: 4684:"Newsrooms: Canadian News Portal" 4312:"Satellite TV gets lost in space" 4240:Canadian Journal of Communication 4190:Selley, Chris (August 13, 2019). 3484:List of radio stations in Ontario 2527:alternative sources of journalism 2485: 2083:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1787:was removed from the lineup when 1613:(which are often affiliated with 1304:Multichannel television in Canada 1004:, is considered a network by the 913:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 436:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 6506:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6344: 6331: 6330: 6179: 6178: 6166: 5035:Canadian Media History sources: 4268:"2022 World Press Freedom Index" 3717:Bannerman, Sara (May 20, 2020). 3446: 3432: 3418: 2791: 2602: 2167:, and one by the partnership of 1820: 1812:List of radio stations in Canada 1282:similar to those which fund the 1063:independent stations, including 834: 593:Radio Artists of Toronto Society 536: 361: 33: 5201:Former colonies and territories 4954:. University of Toronto Press. 4891:. University of Calgary Press. 4867:. University of Alberta Press. 4823:. University of Alberta Press. 4802:. University of Toronto Press. 4773: 4748: 4726: 4701: 4676: 4665: 4640: 4615: 4597: 4579: 4553: 4527: 4521:The Local News Research Project 4467: 4433: 4415: 4404:"The skinny on skinny basic TV" 4397: 4345:. The Vancouver Sun. p. C3 4337:Strachan, Alex (May 16, 1997). 4330: 4303: 4278: 4260: 4227: 4209: 4183: 4157: 4131: 4105: 4079: 4054: 4028: 3998: 3975: 3949: 3937: 3911: 3876: 3841: 3808: 3775: 1831:needs additional citations for 1772: 1738: 1717: 1385:, which is a division of Shaw. 919:, which operates both English ( 790:Canada's two official languages 5136:Post-Confederation (1867–1914) 3883:Krikorian, Jacqueline (2012). 3710: 3683: 3580: 3553: 3527: 3501: 2257:format; bilingual cities like 2246:running a very close second). 2200:History of Canadian newspapers 1761:(particularly affiliates from 991: Not classified / No data 707:has faced questions from both 686:43rd Canadian federal election 561:Media of Canada § History 13: 1: 4817:Carney, William Wray (2003). 4799:Broadcasting Policy in Canada 3693:Cultural Regulation in Canada 3494: 3474:Multicultural media in Canada 2782: 2777:National Film Board of Canada 2486: 2193: 782:Multicultural media in Canada 750: 440:National Film Board of Canada 6631:United States Virgin Islands 3107: – satirical 2959: 2081:As well, the publicly owned 1988:in 1949. The other station, 1925:. A few exceptions, such as 1679:, inspired by the trials of 1505:– a channel that broadcasts 1002:Indigenous peoples of Canada 985: Very serious situation 967: Satisfactory situation 682:Conservative Party of Canada 560: 7: 5181:Crown and Indigenous people 4253:10.22230/cjc.2009v34n4a2296 3411: 2206:List of Canadian newspapers 10: 6668: 6071:Provincial and territorial 5994:Inventions and discoveries 5131:British Canada (1763–1867) 5084: 4796:Armstrong, Robert (2010). 3986:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada 3921:. Actra.ca. Archived from 3889:. UBC Press. p. 188. 3690:Globerman, Steven (1983). 3220: 3216: 3099: – fashion 2966:List of Canadian magazines 2963: 2591: 2512:. Smaller newspapers like 2203: 2197: 2145:Digital audio broadcasting 1809: 1631:Cable companies now offer 1371:direct broadcast satellite 1301: 911:In addition to the public 823: 817: 525: 521: 59:Proposed since April 2024. 6606:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6524: 6398: 6326: 6300: 6267:Newfoundland and Labrador 6239: 6160: 6124: 6098: 5949: 5865: 5835: 5787: 5778: 5679: 5517: 5453: 5369: 5360: 5330: 5297:Newfoundland and Labrador 5269: 5258: 5164: 5101: 5092: 4272:Reporters Without Borders 3851:Canadian Television Today 3819:. Fernwood. p. 111. 3462:Media ownership in Canada 3119:Literary Review of Canada 2952:Canada's largest English 2100:Ici Radio-Canada Première 1670:simultaneous substitution 1377:, which is a division of 979: Difficult situation 973: Noticeable problems 6626:Turks and Caicos Islands 5049:Canadian Radio Directory 4909:The Mass Media In Canada 4494:August 10, 2014, at the 4383:10.1177/1464884906065517 3587:Edwardson, Ryan (2008). 3563:The Mass Media in Canada 2853: 2715:This Hour Has 22 Minutes 2068:Christian radio stations 1711: 1470:public-access television 1243:. The private networks, 955:2022 Press Freedom Index 6393:Media of North America 5231:Persons of significance 5226:National Historic Sites 5028:broadcasting-history.ca 4780:https://wandereater.com 4672:https://www.narcity.com 3761:. John Wiley and Sons. 3755:Mansell, Robin (2011). 1887:two-letter combinations 1759:Shaw Broadcast Services 1568:negative option billing 1478:– a network devoted to 1121:two-letter combinations 814:Television broadcasting 784:, also referred to as “ 634:Liberal Party of Canada 462:handful of corporations 6556:British Virgin Islands 5126:New France (1534–1763) 4838:Russell, Nick (2005). 4290:June 28, 2008, at the 4234:Fleras, Augie (2009). 3815:Steven, Peter (2011). 2868:McClelland and Stewart 2544:The Vancouver Observer 2320:Postmedia Network Inc. 2136:companies which offer 1986:Canadian Confederation 1507:parliamentary sessions 1472:in the United States); 1220:Bellingham, Washington 993: 777:within that society." 663: 630:registered third party 92: 6496:Saint Kitts and Nevis 6308:Northwest Territories 6232:province or territory 5338:Northwest Territories 5241:Territorial evolution 4906:Vipond, Mary (2000). 3560:Vipond, Mary (2011). 3223:Canadian online media 3147:My Halifax EXperience 2935:Douglas & McIntyr 2916:the Porcupine's Quill 2898:Douglas & McIntyr 2882:the Porcupine's Quill 2311:Community newspapers 1448:Ici Radio-Canada Télé 1408:Northwest Territories 1208:Pembina, North Dakota 953: 925:Ici Radio-Canada Télé 526:Further information: 91: 6652:Mass media in Canada 6282:Prince Edward Island 5312:Prince Edward Island 4709:"Spotlight Magazine" 4585:Tartaglione, Nancy. 3961:Canadian Media Guild 3404:WanderEater Magazine 2815:improve this section 2626:improve this section 2394:Alta Newspaper Group 2276:on combines and the 1840:improve this article 1648:the availability of 1184:CTV Northern Ontario 1039:(British Columbia). 961: Good situation 917:Société Radio-Canada 858:improve this section 820:Television in Canada 690:Jody Wilson-Raybould 656:Pierre Karl Péladeau 626:Canadian Media Guild 624:In August 2015, the 612:, its present name. 549:confusing or unclear 528:Mass Media in Canada 500:Multiculturalism Act 49:Mass media in Canada 6511:Trinidad and Tobago 6406:Antigua and Barbuda 5667:Firearms regulation 4933:. Lexington Books. 4734:University Magazine 4476: – 4455:on October 11, 2012 4093:. February 27, 2019 4042:. September 4, 2013 3817:About Canada: Media 3541:. February 17, 2020 3356:University Magazine 3039:Canadian Geographic 2874:Canadian literature 2567:The Post Millennial 2440:Brunswick News Inc. 2301: 2149:digital subchannels 1793:New Country Network 1655:The Weather Network 1143:. The combinations 1041:Citytv Saskatchewan 737:Public Policy Forum 557:clarify the section 495:multicultural media 450:Canadian mass media 6446:Dominican Republic 5848:Population centres 4713:Spotlight Magazine 4592:Deadline Hollywood 4565:canadalandshow.com 4409:The Globe and Mail 4297:The Globe and Mail 4171:. December 6, 2019 4117:canadalandshow.com 3327:Spotlight Magazine 3032:Canadian Dimension 2983:Sports Illustrated 2943:Éditions Le Nordir 2930:Hidden Brook Press 2894:Hidden Brook Press 2681:Elevation Pictures 2497:alternative weekly 2299: 2290:Southam Newspapers 2213:The Globe and Mail 1806:Radio broadcasting 1516:network affiliates 1276:specialty channels 1264:metropolitan areas 1259:Digital television 1214:of Winnipeg; also 1089:community channels 1010:television systems 994: 775:aboriginal peoples 676:In November 2018, 466:public broadcaster 93: 6639: 6638: 6528:other territories 6360: 6359: 6351:Canada portal 6194: 6193: 6173:Canada portal 6094: 6093: 5861: 5860: 5675: 5674: 5630:Political parties 5598:Foreign relations 5513: 5512: 5400:Canadian Prairies 5390:Pacific Northwest 5356: 5355: 5254: 5253: 5211:Foreign relations 4898:978-1-55238-224-0 4594:(January 9, 2012) 4567:. January 7, 2019 4430:, April 15, 2016. 4119:. August 12, 2019 3963:. August 14, 2015 3896:978-0-7748-2306-7 3861:978-1-55238-222-6 3826:978-1-55266-447-6 3801:978-0-17-640652-3 3730:978-1-77338-172-5 3703:978-0-920380-81-9 3668:978-1-55238-224-0 3633:978-1-55238-224-0 3606:978-0-8020-9519-0 3573:978-1-55277-658-2 3454:Journalism portal 3025:Canadian Business 2910:Coach House Press 2878:Coach House Press 2851: 2850: 2843: 2677:Entertainment One 2662: 2661: 2654: 2520:alternative media 2482: 2481: 2314:Total newspapers 2308:Daily newspapers 1944:The combinations 1872: 1871: 1864: 1693:movies airing on 1462:community channel 1375:Bell Satellite TV 1240:Coronation Street 996:In addition, the 894: 893: 886: 802:ethnic minorities 741:McGill University 728:English defended 589: 588: 581: 516:Canadian tax laws 412:highly autonomous 404: 403: 368:Canada portal 81:Culture of Canada 66: 65: 61: 16:(Redirected from 6659: 6596:Saint Barthélemy 6526:Dependencies and 6399:Sovereign states 6387: 6380: 6373: 6364: 6363: 6349: 6348: 6347: 6334: 6333: 6252:British Columbia 6221: 6214: 6207: 6198: 6197: 6182: 6181: 6171: 6170: 6169: 6035: 6034: 5878:Higher education 5785: 5784: 5770:Science and tech 5657:Multiculturalism 5611: 5610: 5593:Local government 5558:House of Commons 5542:Governor General 5378: 5367: 5366: 5282:British Columbia 5267: 5266: 5121:Pre-colonization 5099: 5098: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5056: 5055: 5043:http://cmcrp.org 4965: 4944: 4923: 4902: 4881: 4866: 4855: 4834: 4813: 4782: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4752: 4746: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4680: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4601: 4595: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4512: 4503: 4502:, June 21, 2011. 4486: 4480: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4451:. Archived from 4437: 4431: 4419: 4413: 4412:, March 1, 2016. 4401: 4395: 4394: 4366: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4307: 4301: 4300:, June 24, 2008. 4282: 4276: 4275: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4217:Broadcasting Act 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4145:. August 7, 2019 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4018: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3789: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3594: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3514: 3505: 3456: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3428: 3423: 3422: 3399:Swagger Magazine 3332:The Title Report 3175:Sharp (magazine) 2924:Key Porter Books 2890:Key Porter Books 2846: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2826: 2795: 2787: 2675:audiences, with 2657: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2606: 2598: 2594:Cinema of Canada 2491: 2410:SaltWire Network 2360:Black Press Ltd. 2302: 2298: 2188:Sirius XM Canada 2126:Windsor, Ontario 2122:Canadian content 2032:Bell Media Radio 1867: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1847: 1824: 1816: 1800: 1776: 1770: 1742: 1736: 1721: 1555:CTV News Channel 1309:Cable television 1298:Cable television 1227:Canadian content 1196:Windsor, Ontario 990: 984: 978: 972: 966: 960: 889: 882: 878: 875: 869: 838: 830: 766:Broadcasting Act 721:, admitted that 671:Desmarais family 668: 618:Broadcasting Act 584: 577: 573: 570: 564: 540: 539: 532: 490:Broadcasting Act 428:television shows 396: 389: 382: 366: 365: 364: 150:Multiculturalism 68: 67: 57: 37: 36: 29: 21: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6529: 6527: 6520: 6394: 6391: 6361: 6356: 6345: 6343: 6322: 6296: 6235: 6228:Media in Canada 6225: 6195: 6190: 6167: 6165: 6156: 6120: 6090: 6033: 5945: 5936:Social programs 5902:Law enforcement 5857: 5831: 5774: 5671: 5609: 5509: 5449: 5436:Atlantic Canada 5414:Canadian Shield 5409:Northern Canada 5376: 5375: 5352: 5326: 5262:and territories 5261: 5250: 5160: 5107: 5088: 5083: 4973: 4968: 4962: 4941: 4920: 4899: 4879:Canadian Media. 4875: 4852: 4831: 4810: 4791: 4789:Further reading 4786: 4785: 4778: 4774: 4764: 4762: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4621: 4620: 4616: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4532: 4528: 4513: 4506: 4496:Wayback Machine 4487: 4483: 4478:Industry Canada 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4420: 4416: 4402: 4398: 4367: 4358: 4348: 4346: 4335: 4331: 4321: 4319: 4318:. National Post 4308: 4304: 4292:Wayback Machine 4283: 4279: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4232: 4228: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4188: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4137: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4060: 4059: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4016: 4014: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3928: 3926: 3925:on July 6, 2011 3917: 3916: 3912: 3897: 3881: 3877: 3862: 3846: 3842: 3827: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3753: 3746: 3731: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3688: 3684: 3669: 3653: 3649: 3634: 3618: 3614: 3607: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3558: 3554: 3544: 3542: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3508:Fry, H (2017). 3506: 3502: 3497: 3452: 3447: 3445: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3424: 3417: 3414: 3250:Better Dwelling 3225: 3219: 3046:Canadian Living 2968: 2962: 2954:science fiction 2947:Prise de parole 2920:House of Anansi 2886:House of Anansi 2856: 2847: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2812: 2796: 2785: 2770:Greater Sudbury 2741:Telefilm Canada 2658: 2647: 2641: 2638: 2623: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2588:Motion pictures 2469:Icimédias inc. 2274:Davey Committee 2208: 2202: 2196: 2161:XM Radio Canada 2157:satellite radio 2097:and the French 2064:community radio 2009:Industry Canada 1868: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1837: 1825: 1814: 1808: 1803: 1777: 1773: 1743: 1739: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1676:Law & Order 1623:descrambler box 1593:; and American 1493:Omni Television 1306: 1300: 1237:, most notably 1169:semi-satellites 1045:CTV Two Alberta 1018:Omni Television 992: 988: 986: 982: 980: 976: 974: 970: 968: 964: 962: 958: 890: 879: 873: 870: 855: 839: 828: 822: 816: 811: 810: 757:media ownership 753: 669:, owned by the 585: 574: 568: 565: 554: 541: 537: 530: 524: 442:(NFB), and the 408:media of Canada 400: 362: 360: 353: 352: 336: 324: 316: 315: 192: 182: 181: 125:Free expression 103: 62: 38: 34: 23: 22: 18:Media in Canada 15: 12: 11: 5: 6665: 6655: 6654: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6616:Sint Eustatius 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6561:Cayman Islands 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6532: 6530: 6525: 6522: 6521: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6402: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6367: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6340: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6243: 6241: 6237: 6236: 6224: 6223: 6216: 6209: 6201: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6176: 6161: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6137:Historiography 6134: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6102: 6100: 6096: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6056: 6051: 6045: 6043: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5955: 5953: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5853:Municipalities 5850: 5845: 5839: 5837: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5791: 5789: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5765:Transportation 5762: 5757: 5752: 5750:Stock exchange 5747: 5746: 5745: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5718:Communications 5715: 5714: 5713: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5685: 5683: 5677: 5676: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5632: 5627: 5621: 5619: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5605: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5573: 5572: 5571: 5564:Prime Minister 5561: 5555: 5546: 5545: 5544: 5534: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5485:National Parks 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5461: 5459: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5431:Eastern Canada 5428: 5427: 5426: 5419:Central Canada 5416: 5411: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5392: 5385:Western Canada 5381: 5379: 5377:(west to east) 5364: 5358: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5273: 5271: 5264: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5176:Constitutional 5172: 5170: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5082: 5081: 5074: 5067: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5046: 5039: 5033: 5025: 5015: 5010: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4978:Channel Canada 4972: 4971:External links 4969: 4967: 4966: 4960: 4945: 4939: 4924: 4918: 4903: 4897: 4882: 4873: 4856: 4850: 4835: 4829: 4814: 4808: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4783: 4772: 4747: 4725: 4700: 4675: 4664: 4639: 4614: 4596: 4578: 4552: 4526: 4504: 4481: 4466: 4432: 4414: 4396: 4377:(3): 343–361. 4356: 4343:Newspapers.com 4329: 4316:Newspapers.com 4302: 4277: 4259: 4246:(4): 725–726. 4226: 4208: 4182: 4156: 4130: 4104: 4078: 4053: 4027: 3997: 3974: 3948: 3936: 3910: 3895: 3875: 3860: 3840: 3825: 3807: 3800: 3774: 3767: 3744: 3729: 3709: 3702: 3682: 3667: 3647: 3632: 3612: 3605: 3579: 3572: 3552: 3526: 3499: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3458: 3457: 3443: 3429: 3426:Society portal 3413: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3385:STAMINA Group 3383: 3378: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3341: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3298: 3291: 3286: 3279: 3274: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3246: 3221:Main article: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3213: 3206: 3199: 3192: 3185: 3178: 3171: 3168:Today's Parent 3164: 3161:Saturday Night 3157: 3150: 3143: 3136: 3129: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3100: 3092: 3085: 3082:Enterprise Mag 3078: 3071: 3064: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3035: 3028: 3021: 3013: 3006: 2964:Main article: 2961: 2958: 2938: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2913: 2901: 2900: 2870: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2799: 2797: 2790: 2784: 2781: 2745:CBC Television 2673:North American 2660: 2659: 2610: 2608: 2601: 2592:Main article: 2589: 2586: 2510:Brunswick News 2493: 2492: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2243:Calgary Herald 2198:Main article: 2195: 2192: 2093:. The English 2020:Stingray Group 2003:The future of 1870: 1869: 1828: 1826: 1819: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1801: 1771: 1737: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1706:cable Internet 1573:A package of ' 1563: 1562: 1539: 1513: 1510: 1500: 1489: 1483: 1473: 1466:public affairs 1458: 1451: 1444:CBC Television 1441: 1302:Main article: 1299: 1296: 1288:United Kingdom 1235:United Kingdom 1165:rebroadcasters 987: 981: 975: 969: 963: 957: 923:) and French ( 921:CBC Television 892: 891: 842: 840: 833: 818:Main article: 815: 812: 780: 779: 752: 749: 699:Justin Trudeau 587: 586: 544: 542: 535: 523: 520: 402: 401: 399: 398: 391: 384: 376: 373: 372: 371: 370: 355: 354: 351: 350: 345: 340: 334:Historiography 331: 325: 322: 321: 318: 317: 314: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 282: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 215: 214: 204: 199: 193: 188: 187: 184: 183: 180: 179: 174: 169: 164: 163: 162: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 116: 115: 104: 99: 98: 95: 94: 84: 83: 77: 76: 64: 63: 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6664: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6523: 6517: 6516:United States 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6397: 6388: 6383: 6381: 6376: 6374: 6369: 6368: 6365: 6353: 6352: 6341: 6339: 6338: 6329: 6328: 6325: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6262:New Brunswick 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6217: 6215: 6210: 6208: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6187: 6186: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6163: 6162: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6097: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6019:Protectionism 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5834: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5704: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5694:Dairy farming 5692: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5678: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5582: 5581:Supreme Court 5579: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5442: 5441:The Maritimes 5439: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5292:New Brunswick 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5257: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5196:First Nations 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5080: 5075: 5073: 5068: 5066: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4963: 4961:9780802093165 4957: 4953: 4952: 4946: 4942: 4940:0-7391-0827-1 4936: 4932: 4931: 4925: 4921: 4919:1-55028-714-1 4915: 4911: 4910: 4904: 4900: 4894: 4890: 4889: 4883: 4880: 4876: 4874:0-88864-439-6 4870: 4865: 4864: 4857: 4853: 4851:0-7748-1089-0 4847: 4844:. Ubc Press. 4843: 4842: 4836: 4832: 4830:0-88864-382-9 4826: 4822: 4821: 4815: 4811: 4809:9781442640962 4805: 4801: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4781: 4776: 4761: 4757: 4751: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4729: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4668: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4582: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4541: 4537: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4459:September 10, 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4436: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4286: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4197: 4196:National Post 4193: 4186: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4144: 4140: 4134: 4118: 4114: 4108: 4092: 4091:globalnews.ca 4088: 4082: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4024: 4012: 4011:National Post 4008: 4001: 3985: 3978: 3962: 3958: 3952: 3945: 3944:Pierre Trudel 3940: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3879: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3803: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3787: 3778: 3770: 3768:9781444395426 3764: 3760: 3759: 3751: 3749: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3713: 3705: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3616: 3608: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3592: 3583: 3575: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3556: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3511: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3489:Western media 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3455: 3444: 3441: 3440:Canada portal 3430: 3427: 3421: 3416: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3394:View the VIBE 3392: 3390: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3381:wow-maple.com 3379: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3362:Vice Magazine 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3268: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3224: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3191: 3190: 3189:This Magazine 3186: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3177: 3176: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017:Auto Atlantic 3014: 3012: 3011: 3007: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2950: 2948: 2944: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2905: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2845: 2842: 2834: 2831:February 2021 2824: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2805: 2800:This section 2798: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2780: 2778: 2773: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2753:Super Channel 2750: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2731: 2725: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2710: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2667: 2656: 2653: 2645: 2642:February 2021 2635: 2631: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2611:This section 2609: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2577:PressProgress 2573: 2572:Conservatives 2569: 2568: 2563: 2562:Liberal Party 2559: 2554: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2390:Glacier Media 2388: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2340:Torstar Corp. 2338: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2238: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2220: 2219:National Post 2215: 2214: 2207: 2201: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2165:Sirius Canada 2162: 2158: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2076:co-operatives 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1866: 1863: 1855: 1845: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1829:This section 1827: 1823: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1775: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1734: 1733:New Brunswick 1730: 1726: 1720: 1716: 1709: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1685:Karla Homolka 1682: 1681:Paul Bernardo 1678: 1677: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1633:digital cable 1629: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595:superstations 1592: 1588: 1587:Super Channel 1584: 1583:Movie Central 1580: 1576: 1571: 1569: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1295: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1278:, permitting 1277: 1272: 1267: 1265: 1260: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1189: 1188:Global Regina 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 956: 952: 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 896:The Canadian 888: 885: 877: 867: 863: 859: 853: 852: 848: 843:This section 841: 837: 832: 831: 827: 821: 808: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 776: 772: 771:multicultural 768: 767: 762: 758: 748: 746: 745:non-partisans 742: 738: 733: 731: 726: 724: 720: 719: 714: 710: 706: 702: 700: 696: 695:Katie Telford 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 672: 667: 666: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648: 642: 639: 635: 631: 627: 622: 620: 619: 615:The Canadian 613: 611: 606: 602: 598: 594: 583: 580: 572: 562: 558: 552: 550: 545:This section 543: 534: 533: 529: 519: 517: 513: 509: 504: 502: 501: 496: 492: 491: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 470:its own radio 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 424:English films 421: 417: 413: 409: 397: 392: 390: 385: 383: 378: 377: 375: 374: 369: 359: 358: 357: 356: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 335: 332: 330: 327: 326: 320: 319: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 284: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 251: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 213: 210: 209: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 194: 191: 186: 185: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 167:Protectionism 165: 161: 158: 157: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 114: 111: 110: 109: 106: 105: 102: 97: 96: 90: 86: 85: 82: 79: 78: 74: 70: 69: 60: 55: 51: 50: 45: 40: 31: 30: 27: 19: 6621:Sint Maarten 6601:Saint Martin 6425: 6342: 6335: 6292:Saskatchewan 6183: 6164: 6132:Bibliography 6054:Coat of arms 6038: 5959:Architecture 5929:Homelessness 5780:Demographics 5699:Floriculture 5635:Human rights 5614: 5603:Peacekeeping 5532:Constitution 5454: 5395:Great Plains 5370: 5322:Saskatchewan 5165: 5109: 5102: 4976:Television: 4950: 4929: 4908: 4887: 4878: 4862: 4840: 4819: 4798: 4775: 4763:. Retrieved 4759: 4756:"The Weekly" 4750: 4732: 4728: 4716:. Retrieved 4712: 4703: 4691:. Retrieved 4687: 4678: 4667: 4655:. Retrieved 4651: 4642: 4630:. Retrieved 4626: 4617: 4608: 4599: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4569:. Retrieved 4564: 4555: 4543:. Retrieved 4539: 4529: 4520: 4499: 4484: 4469: 4457:. Retrieved 4453:the original 4444: 4435: 4425: 4417: 4407: 4399: 4374: 4370: 4347:. Retrieved 4342: 4332: 4320:. Retrieved 4315: 4305: 4295: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4243: 4239: 4229: 4223:1991, c. 11) 4216: 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4195: 4185: 4173:. Retrieved 4169:Toronto Star 4168: 4159: 4149:December 13, 4147:. Retrieved 4142: 4133: 4121:. Retrieved 4116: 4107: 4095:. Retrieved 4090: 4081: 4069:. Retrieved 4065: 4056: 4044:. Retrieved 4039: 4030: 4022: 4015:. Retrieved 4010: 4000: 3988:. Retrieved 3977: 3965:. Retrieved 3960: 3951: 3939: 3929:February 26, 3927:. Retrieved 3923:the original 3919:"ACTRA 2005" 3913: 3885: 3878: 3850: 3843: 3816: 3810: 3785: 3777: 3757: 3719: 3712: 3692: 3685: 3657: 3650: 3622: 3615: 3590: 3582: 3562: 3555: 3543:. Retrieved 3538: 3529: 3519:February 21, 3517:. Retrieved 3503: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3276: 3269: 3262: 3257:'The Breach' 3255: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3226: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3187: 3182:Toronto Life 3180: 3173: 3166: 3159: 3152: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3110: 3102: 3094: 3087: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3037: 3030: 3023: 3015: 3008: 3001: 2996: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2951: 2939: 2903: 2902: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2837: 2828: 2813:Please help 2801: 2774: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2705: 2670: 2663: 2648: 2639: 2624:Please help 2612: 2575: 2565: 2557: 2555: 2550:SooToday.com 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2515:The Dominion 2513: 2494: 2487: 2294:Osprey Media 2282:Conrad Black 2267: 2248: 2241: 2237:Windsor Star 2235: 2231:Toronto Star 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2183: 2176: 2173:Astral Media 2169:CHUM Limited 2154: 2143: 2130: 2115: 2108: 2098: 2080: 2070:licensed to 2066:stations or 2060:campus radio 2024:Rogers Radio 2017: 2013: 2004: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1981: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1943: 1918: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1884: 1873: 1858: 1852:January 2021 1849: 1838:Please help 1833:verification 1830: 1792: 1774: 1754:MyNetwork TV 1740: 1719: 1703: 1688: 1674: 1667: 1663:pick and pay 1645: 1630: 1627: 1572: 1564: 1482:programming; 1420: 1418:technology. 1401: 1397:Dish Network 1386: 1368: 1364:Source Cable 1360:Rogers Cable 1356:Cogeco Cable 1325: 1320: 1317: 1307: 1292: 1280:license fees 1268: 1257: 1238: 1224: 1192: 1175: 1173: 1168: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1116: 1094: 1061: 1022: 995: 954: 910: 895: 880: 871: 856:Please help 844: 786:ethnic media 764: 754: 734: 729: 727: 722: 718:Toronto Star 716: 703: 673: 645: 643: 623: 616: 614: 590: 575: 569:January 2021 566: 555:Please help 546: 505: 499: 488: 486: 448: 407: 405: 329:Bibliography 291:Peacekeeping 248: 197:Architecture 58: 47: 26: 6591:Puerto Rico 6501:Saint Lucia 6451:El Salvador 6301:Territories 6272:Nova Scotia 6014:Individuals 5822:2021 Census 5807:Immigration 5689:Agriculture 5650:Transgender 5490:Great Lakes 5470:Earthquakes 5424:Great Lakes 5331:Territories 5302:Nova Scotia 5221:Monarchical 5206:Immigration 5001:Newspaper: 4994:Magazines: 4632:January 24, 4500:Broadcaster 4427:Toronto Sun 4175:December 9, 4143:macleans.ca 4123:December 9, 4071:December 8, 4066:Global News 4046:December 9, 4040:macleans.ca 4017:December 8, 4013:. Postmedia 3990:December 8, 3967:October 23, 3545:October 30, 3234:web traffic 3133:Maisonneuve 3003:L'Actualité 2988:advertising 2697:Los Angeles 2375:snapd Inc. 2178:grey market 2110:Ici Musique 2107:and French 2028:Corus Radio 1791:called the 1619:MyNetworkTV 1591:Super Écran 1388:Grey market 1383:Shaw Direct 1095:TV station 1025:Télé-Québec 482:Télé-Québec 438:(CBC), the 279:Video games 135:Immigration 6586:Montserrat 6581:Martinique 6576:Guadeloupe 6431:Costa Rica 6142:Historians 5999:Literature 5912:Corruption 5895:Euthanasia 5885:Healthcare 5827:Population 5549:Parliament 5519:Government 5156:since 1982 4760:The Weekly 4657:August 23, 4648:"The Line" 4445:crtc.gc.ca 4371:Journalism 4201:August 26, 3905:1058136992 3870:1024271072 3835:1069674192 3739:1138945553 3677:1006639327 3642:1006639327 3495:References 3368:The Weekly 3345:Torontoist 3277:Freshdaily 3271:Daily Hive 3210:The Walrus 3140:MoneySense 3060:Chatelaine 2992:excise tax 2783:Publishing 2240:(with the 2204:See also: 2194:Newspapers 2074:groups or 2072:non-profit 1810:See also: 1699:Bell Media 1690:James Bond 1480:Aboriginal 1085:Lethbridge 1077:St. John's 1012:, such as 898:television 824:See also: 751:Regulation 713:Canadaland 660:federalist 654:and owner 551:to readers 512:television 416:uncensored 338:Historians 269:Newspapers 259:Television 244:Literature 6571:Greenland 6486:Nicaragua 6461:Guatemala 6240:Provinces 5917:Terrorism 5873:Education 5812:Languages 5800:Ethnicity 5795:Canadians 5743:Petroleum 5723:Companies 5625:Elections 5505:Volcanism 5480:Mountains 5362:Geography 5270:Provinces 5260:Provinces 5191:Etymology 5151:1960–1981 5146:1945–1960 5104:Year list 4765:April 15, 4743:2561-1763 4688:Newsrooms 3389:DIVINE.ca 3321:Rabble.ca 3315:Newsrooms 3295:The Logic 3230:fake news 3126:Maclean's 3068:chickaDEE 3010:AdBusters 2972:split run 2960:Magazines 2802:does not 2709:Due South 2693:Vancouver 2613:does not 2580:with the 2570:with the 2560:with the 2532:rabble.ca 2455:TC Media 2344:Metroland 2324:Sun Media 2288:acquired 2286:Hollinger 2251:newspaper 2225:Le Devoir 2163:, one by 2105:CBC Music 2095:Radio One 2056:classical 1767:Rochester 1708:service. 1547:MuchMusic 1340:Vidéotron 1313:Vancouver 1097:callsigns 1037:Knowledge 1029:TVOntario 874:July 2017 845:does not 807:Canadians 709:Maclean's 705:Postmedia 665:La Presse 647:Maclean's 644:In 2013, 605:Vancouver 487:The 1991 478:TVOntario 432:magazines 229:Festivals 145:Languages 113:Ethnicity 108:Canadians 6646:Category 6536:Anguilla 6471:Honduras 6441:Dominica 6416:Barbados 6337:Category 6257:Manitoba 6185:Category 6125:Research 6099:Contents 6081:Heraldic 5989:Identity 5984:Holidays 5979:Folklore 5890:Abortion 5817:Religion 5755:Taxation 5662:Cannabis 5640:Intersex 5616:Politics 5588:Military 5500:Wildlife 5287:Manitoba 5216:Military 5186:Economic 5111:timeline 4693:July 24, 4652:The Line 4609:CBC News 4571:June 11, 4545:June 28, 4540:CBC News 4492:Archived 4391:54669338 4288:Archived 3412:See also 3338:The Tyee 3302:MTL Blog 3289:The Line 3089:Exclaim! 3075:Cult MTL 2766:Edmonton 2685:Montréal 2538:The Tyee 2506:Quebecor 2259:Montreal 2138:cable FM 1931:Winnipeg 1695:Spike TV 1650:cable FM 1646:replaced 1642:Max Trax 1597:such as 1579:Crave TV 1559:Showcase 1379:BCE Inc. 1352:Hamilton 1344:EastLink 1113:Winnipeg 1069:Montreal 730:The Star 723:The Star 652:Quebecor 601:Winnipeg 597:Montreal 446:(CRTC). 323:Research 301:Religion 296:Politics 274:Internet 140:Holidays 130:Identity 120:Folklore 73:a series 71:Part of 6566:Curaçao 6551:Bonaire 6546:Bermuda 6476:Jamaica 6456:Grenada 6411:Bahamas 6313:Nunavut 6277:Ontario 6247:Alberta 6152:Surveys 6147:Studies 6111:Outline 6086:Tartans 6040:Symbols 6029:Theatre 5974:Cuisine 5951:Culture 5924:Poverty 5866:Society 5760:Tourism 5733:Fishing 5706:Banking 5681:Economy 5537:Monarch 5475:Islands 5372:Regions 5343:Nunavut 5307:Ontario 5277:Alberta 5094:History 4718:July 4, 4349:May 25, 4322:May 25, 4274:. 2022. 4097:May 30, 3309:Narcity 3217:Digital 3203:Up Here 2823:removed 2808:sources 2762:Calgary 2699:). The 2689:Toronto 2634:removed 2619:sources 2558:North99 2502:Canwest 2255:tabloid 2087:English 2048:country 2044:hip hop 1990:VOCM-FM 1939:Toronto 1882:bands. 1763:Detroit 1729:Ontario 1638:Galaxie 1430:CTV Two 1412:Nunavut 1393:DirecTV 1348:Persona 1286:in the 1216:KVOS-TV 1212:CKND-DT 1204:KCND-TV 1200:Detroit 1105:Brandon 1014:CTV Two 908:bands. 866:removed 851:sources 798:English 684:in the 547:may be 522:History 458:digital 452:, both 420:diverse 348:Surveys 343:Studies 311:Theatre 224:Cuisine 155:Symbols 101:History 54:Discuss 6491:Panama 6481:Mexico 6426:Canada 6421:Belize 6287:Quebec 6049:Anthem 6024:Sports 5969:Cinema 5941:Values 5788:Topics 5728:Energy 5711:Dollar 5576:Courts 5553:Senate 5495:Rivers 5465:Cities 5456:Topics 5317:Quebec 5236:Racism 5167:Topics 5086:Canada 4987:Film: 4958: 4937: 4916: 4895: 4871: 4848: 4827: 4806: 4741: 4389: 3903: 3893: 3868: 3858: 3833: 3823: 3798: 3765: 3737: 3727: 3700: 3675: 3665: 3640: 3630: 3603: 3570: 3376:Canada 3244:BlogTO 2896:, and 2730:option 2721:C.S.I. 2574:, and 2547:, and 2305:Title 2263:Ottawa 2091:French 2030:, and 1750:The CW 1615:The CW 1609:, and 1589:, and 1575:pay TV 1534:, and 1497:Yes TV 1434:Global 1381:, and 1336:Cogeco 1328:Rogers 1253:Citytv 1249:Global 1210:, now 1049:Rogers 1035:, and 989: 983: 977: 971: 965: 959: 937:Citytv 935:, and 933:Global 794:French 678:Unifor 603:, and 430:, and 306:Sports 254:Cinema 234:Humour 212:Quebec 207:Comics 190:Topics 177:Values 75:on the 44:merged 6541:Aruba 6466:Haiti 6318:Yukon 6106:Index 6076:Royal 6009:Media 6004:Music 5907:Crime 5836:Lists 5348:Yukon 5246:Women 4387:S2CID 3513:(PDF) 3374:Yahoo 3351:Trnto 3264:Canoe 3112:Geist 3104:Frank 3096:Flare 3053:Chart 2854:Books 2749:Crave 2666:2000s 2134:cable 1923:Chile 1905:, or 1725:Noovo 1712:Notes 1404:Yukon 1180:Chile 1139:, or 945:Noovo 454:print 286:Music 264:Radio 249:Media 219:Crime 172:Women 160:Royal 46:with 6611:Saba 6436:Cuba 6230:(by 6064:List 6059:Flag 5645:LGBT 5569:list 5022:CRTC 4956:ISBN 4935:ISBN 4914:ISBN 4893:ISBN 4869:ISBN 4846:ISBN 4825:ISBN 4804:ISBN 4767:2022 4739:ISSN 4720:2021 4695:2021 4659:2022 4634:2023 4573:2019 4547:2023 4461:2012 4351:2024 4324:2024 4221:S.C. 4203:2019 4177:2019 4151:2019 4125:2019 4099:2019 4073:2019 4048:2019 4019:2018 3992:2015 3969:2015 3931:2011 3901:OCLC 3891:ISBN 3866:OCLC 3856:ISBN 3831:OCLC 3821:ISBN 3796:ISBN 3763:ISBN 3735:OCLC 3725:ISBN 3698:ISBN 3673:OCLC 3663:ISBN 3638:OCLC 3628:ISBN 3601:ISBN 3568:ISBN 3547:2022 3521:2022 2977:TIME 2945:and 2806:any 2804:cite 2768:and 2718:and 2691:and 2679:and 2617:any 2615:cite 2508:and 2354:100 2334:121 2261:and 2216:and 2184:only 2171:and 2089:and 2054:and 2052:jazz 2040:rock 1978:VOCM 1976:and 1974:VOWR 1970:VOAR 1960:and 1935:CJBC 1933:and 1927:CKSB 1913:and 1878:and 1765:and 1752:and 1731:and 1683:and 1659:CPAC 1657:and 1640:and 1617:and 1611:KTLA 1603:WPIX 1599:WSBK 1503:CPAC 1476:APTN 1446:and 1438:City 1416:MMDS 1395:and 1362:and 1342:and 1332:Shaw 1271:CRTC 1251:and 1159:and 1107:and 1081:CJIL 1079:and 1073:CJON 1065:CFTU 1053:Bell 1051:and 1043:and 1006:CRTC 943:and 904:and 849:any 847:cite 796:and 739:and 711:and 638:CA$ 510:and 508:film 480:and 472:and 456:and 406:The 5964:Art 5738:Oil 5527:Law 4379:doi 4248:doi 3792:272 3539:GAC 3196:UMM 3154:OWL 2980:or 2817:by 2751:or 2628:by 2582:NDP 2478:20 2475:20 2464:21 2461:21 2450:22 2447:19 2434:26 2431:25 2420:33 2417:25 2404:49 2401:44 2384:72 2381:72 2370:88 2367:85 2351:78 2348:12 2331:86 2328:35 2284:'s 2036:pop 1937:in 1929:in 1915:CKY 1911:CKX 1889:of 1842:by 1785:CMT 1781:MTV 1746:PBS 1701:.) 1607:WGN 1551:CNN 1543:TSN 1536:PBS 1532:NBC 1528:Fox 1524:CBS 1520:ABC 1495:or 1486:TVA 1455:TVO 1426:CTV 1321:not 1284:BBC 1245:CTV 1231:CBC 1218:of 1206:of 1186:or 1123:of 1111:in 1109:CKY 1103:in 1101:CKX 1083:in 1075:in 1067:in 1057:PBS 1033:TFO 941:TVA 929:CTV 906:UHF 902:VHF 860:by 410:is 239:Law 202:Art 52:. ( 6648:: 4980:, 4877:. 4758:. 4737:. 4711:. 4686:. 4650:. 4625:. 4607:. 4563:. 4538:. 4519:. 4507:^ 4498:. 4447:. 4443:. 4424:. 4406:. 4385:. 4373:. 4359:^ 4341:. 4314:. 4294:, 4270:. 4244:34 4242:. 4238:. 4194:. 4167:. 4141:. 4115:. 4089:. 4064:. 4038:. 4021:. 4009:. 3959:. 3899:. 3864:. 3829:. 3794:. 3747:^ 3733:. 3671:. 3636:. 3599:. 3597:59 3537:. 3236:. 2949:. 2922:, 2918:, 2892:, 2888:, 2884:, 2880:, 2764:, 2747:, 2712:, 2687:, 2564:, 2541:, 2535:, 2522:. 2504:, 2472:0 2458:0 2444:3 2428:1 2414:8 2398:5 2392:/ 2378:0 2364:3 2342:/ 2322:/ 2050:, 2046:, 2042:, 2038:, 2026:, 2022:, 2005:VO 1998:CK 1994:CF 1982:VO 1972:, 1954:CZ 1952:, 1950:CY 1948:, 1946:CG 1919:CB 1907:CK 1903:CJ 1901:, 1899:CI 1897:, 1895:CH 1893:, 1891:CF 1880:FM 1876:AM 1625:. 1605:, 1601:, 1585:, 1581:, 1561:). 1557:, 1553:, 1549:, 1545:, 1530:, 1526:, 1522:, 1460:a 1436:, 1432:, 1428:, 1410:, 1406:, 1358:, 1354:, 1338:, 1334:, 1330:, 1247:, 1176:CB 1153:CZ 1151:, 1149:CY 1147:, 1145:CG 1141:CK 1137:CJ 1135:, 1133:CI 1131:, 1129:CH 1127:, 1125:CF 1071:, 1031:, 1027:, 931:, 792:, 599:, 484:. 474:TV 426:, 418:, 414:, 6386:e 6379:t 6372:v 6234:) 6220:e 6213:t 6206:v 5560:) 5551:( 5113:) 5108:( 5078:e 5071:t 5064:v 5024:) 5020:( 5009:. 5005:, 4998:. 4991:. 4984:. 4964:. 4943:. 4922:. 4901:. 4854:. 4833:. 4812:. 4769:. 4745:. 4722:. 4697:. 4661:. 4636:. 4575:. 4549:. 4523:. 4463:. 4393:. 4381:: 4375:7 4353:. 4326:. 4256:. 4250:: 4219:( 4205:. 4179:. 4153:. 4127:. 4101:. 4075:. 4050:. 3994:. 3971:. 3933:. 3907:. 3872:. 3837:. 3804:. 3771:. 3741:. 3706:. 3679:. 3644:. 3609:. 3576:. 3549:. 3523:. 3228:' 2926:, 2912:, 2844:) 2838:( 2833:) 2829:( 2825:. 2811:. 2655:) 2649:( 2644:) 2640:( 2636:. 2622:. 1996:- 1962:X 1958:V 1865:) 1859:( 1854:) 1850:( 1836:. 1538:; 1499:; 1346:/ 1161:X 1157:V 1117:C 915:/ 887:) 881:( 876:) 872:( 868:. 854:. 809:. 674:. 582:) 576:( 571:) 567:( 563:. 395:e 388:t 381:v 56:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.