280:. A new 15-member National Press Commission (later Ghanaian Media Commission) was created that was independent of government, which would uphold the aforementioned responsibilities. Despite these new reforms, President Rawlings and the NDC government remained critical of the private press, calling it "politically irresponsible" and motivated by profit. One government official claimed the private media "tested the limits of the government", while others accused it of portraying Parliament as inferior. A group named Friends of Democracy claimed it had 1,000 signatories protesting against the private media. Editors from the
200:
Commission can function in a way that it has been envisaged by those who have never had any personal axe to grind. I have long been one of the protagonists myself. Since the functions of the Press
Commission have clearly been spelt out in the Constitution, I can do no more than reassure its members and our journalists that my government will respect, uphold and defend the Constitution and thus do everything in our power to help the Press Commission discharge its obligation, in the overall interest of the public to which we are all to varying degrees accountable.
30:
555:
585:
1372:
1348:
259:(he retired a Flight Lieutenant of the Ghana Armed Forces) liberalised the media by repealing previous laws the PNDC signed in. The private media, which had previously been silenced under the regime for the past decade, used the new press freedom laws to voice criticism at Rawlings of the years of strict laws and published several accusations of violent
147:. However, when Ignatius Kutu Acheampong overthrew the Busia government, he reinstated strict media control and clamped down on opposition outlets by cutting off foreign exchange. However, a number of opposition media remained unimpeded during the Acheampong regime, and by 1978 had grown in their calls for a
600:
Shortly after the 1966 coup of
Nkrumah by the National Liberation Council (who held an even tighter State grip on the nation's media), the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation announced a decree to, "broadcast programmes in the field of culture, education, information and entertainment, to reflect national
367:
Despite its relative freedom, the media in Ghana does face some challenges. Journalists in Ghana are often poorly paid, under resourced, and often lack training. As a result, journalists in Ghana find themselves susceptible to bribery and self-censorship. The quality of radio and television broadcast
288:
had reported being sent death threats from the NDC for criticising the regime. Valerie Sackey who was an assistant to
President Rawlings, noted that the private press had a duty to provide legitimate criticism of the government and to act responsibly, rather than simply portraying that the government
190:
who criticised the AFRC executions, though they had no authority to do so as it undermined the
Constitution of the Third Republic, which stated they had to be replaced by the Press Commission. After eight months of the AFRC regime, which had promised media reform but in the end did not materialise,
221:
on 5 January 1982, he told the press to lead the "Holy War" and direct the revolution. Rawlings passed laws that prevented criticism of the government or its policies, dismissed editors critical of him and passed various laws such as the
Preventive Custody Law and Newspaper Licensing Law which
305:
law, though maintained that the media had to act responsibly. The
Ghanaian media has been described as "one of the most unfettered" in Africa, operating with little restriction on private media. The private press often carries criticism of government policy. The media, and broadcast media in
199:
I shall, as elected
President of Ghana, be forever prepared to submit to the acid test of public judgement the claims of those who may think that they represent the public more than me or any other political leader. Bluff, snobbery and arrogance on all sides must now cease, so that the Press
596:
held a monopoly on television broadcasting until 1994, following the 1992 constitution of the new democratically elected government. Part of the 1992 constitution established the
National Media Commission which held the responsibility to promote and ensure the independence of the media.
267:
All that has happened during the last decade cannot be divorced from today's constitutional order. No one can fail to appreciate the significance of the 31st
December Revolution in bringing Ghanaians to the threshold of the Fourth Republic, and in establishing firm principles of
109:
that encouraged national unity and creating a hierarchal system of state apparatus to manage the media. Transfer of the media had changed hands from a civilian to a military government, and a series of arrests and imprisonment of political opponents by
Nkrumah had a
511:
Around 135 newspapers are published in Ghana, including 16 independent newspapers and 9 daily newspapers. The contribution of a large number of state and private newspapers create a diverse media environment in Ghana. State papers such as the
646:, forced the government to issue many FM frequencies for other private stations, creating a new era of "broadcast pluralism". Interactive phone-in discussions on local and national issues are very popular on Ghanaian radio. In addition to
368:
media programming is low. With respect to newspapers, the ownership landscape of newspapers is politically polarized with most newspapers supporting either the government or opposition party lines. Only one newspaper, the state-owned
78:. In the mid-19th century, a diverse number of African-owned papers appeared that were largely unrestricted by the colonial government. This led to a surge of independent press, which in part led to the independence of Ghana.
676:
in 2012, roughly 17% of the population. There was no significant improvement in 2014 as reported by Internet World Statistics there were "5,171,993 Internet users on Dec 31, 2014, 19.6% of the population, per IWS."
524:
tend to promote and encourage support for government policies and follow a conservative line, unlike private press which has exposed lavish styles of government officials and mis-management of government affairs.
2474:
322:
The press has forced the Government to accept that officials are accountable....It is for me a positive indication that the media of Ghana have made some impact on democracy since the foundation of the 4th
216:
on 31 December 1981, and repealed the liberal media reforms instigated by Limann. Under the new government, the Third Constitution, along with the Press Commission, was abolished. Through the state-owned
234:
as lying outside the political institutions that we already have. This is where I feel people ought to realise that the press differs from country to country. In a situation like ours, where we need to
276:
Furthermore, Rawlings had pledged to uphold Chapter 12 of the Constitution of Ghana, promoting press freedom, responsibility of both private and state outlets and these freedoms to be additional to
272:
which will make the constitution a living reality - to do so would mean distorting Ghana's history and putting aside those vital lessons which would indeed enrich this phase of Ghanaian experience.
208:
and provide necessary regulation and licensing to media outlets. During Limann's rule, he respected the new Constitution and accepted criticism from the media. This did not last long however, as
2229:
247:, with several dismissals or premature retirement. As a result, some media avoided all discussions of politics altogether and focused on other topics like sport or entertainment instead.
263:
and drug abuse. The state media however, maintained a favourable image of Rawlings. Rawlings acknowledged the years of media repression, though he defended the military coup:
2500:
532:, an independent commission, was set up to monitor and receive complaints about the media. The commission had received 50 complaints in 2002, and in May 2001, forced the
2547:
2543:
538:
to apologise for publishing "false stories" on individuals without substantial evidence. However, similar rulings have been ignored due to a lack of authority. Today
158:, who reversed some of his predecessors media policies and released jailed journalists and opposition members. This led to the establishment of two party papers: the
359:
helped provide the agency with guidance and technical assistance until 1961. The agency had subscriptions from over 140 organisations and six news agencies in 2000.
345:
The Ghanaian media holds good relations with foreign media, with many international journalists from Western, African and Asian organisations based in the capital,
2539:
137:
that followed the NLC were left with a large number of media outlets under state control. Busia repealed various acts and dismissed the owner of the state-owned
400:. The constitution prohibits arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government respects these prohibitions in practice.
130:(NLC) imposed stricter controls on domestic private outlets; for example, the Rumours Decree in 1966 prevented anyone from suing government-owned newspapers.
2399:
2530:
2274:
2254:
2526:
2517:
2508:
195:
on 24 September 1979. Limann was an advocate of liberal media reform, establishing a 12-member Press Commission on 25 July 1980. In a speech he said:
2299:
314:
on his election, hoping to foster a good media-government relationship. During a 1999 interview, the GJA described how the media has helped promote
2504:
222:
allowed indefinite detention without trial of journalists, and stifled private media development respectively. The PNDC Secretary of Information
667:
2244:
1632:
1309:
1571:
179:
1079:
349:. Journalists are not hindered during their work, and information is not censored into or out of the country. The main news agency,
2583:
971:
396:, the government sometimes restricts those rights. The police arbitrarily arrest and detain journalists. Some journalists practice
301:
the tensions between the private media and government decreased. Kufuor was a supporter of press freedom and repealed the criminal
1039:
119:
2166:
1493:
2389:
2036:
1421:
1245:
1178:
1154:
1118:
1000:
839:
1900:
1581:
307:
256:
213:
1014:
993:
Die Zivilgesellschaft in Ghana: Organisations-, Gestaltungs- und Politikfähigkeit ausgewählter ziviler Akteure(1957-1999).
255:
In 1992, Ghana promulgated a new constitution, and returned to democratic rule on 7 January 1993. Rawlings as part of the
74:, and to help promote literacy rates and rural development among the local population - while encouraging unity with the
2249:
1790:
171:
1733:
1693:
1273:"If you're looking to reach millions of Ghanaians worldwide through the digital marketing, Ghana Media is the answer"
1024:
1086:, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 25 March 2013. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
89:
upon the country's independence in 1957. Its main use was to spread propaganda to gain the support of the colonies
2117:
1963:
1688:
1506:
782:
575:
34:
642:
and BBC broadcasts on 101.3FM. A public demonstration in 1995 over seizure of equipment from a private station,
239:
people, and where we have an illiteracy problem, you use institutions like the press to do the conscientization.
2578:
1394:
608:
593:
244:
86:
17:
1436:
950:
680:. As it stands, there are so many possibilities of reaching more people in the Ghanaian Digital News Space.
2573:
2061:
1978:
1523:
579:
144:
1885:
1850:
1683:
1556:
1546:
692:
639:
506:
127:
63:
186:, who repealed the press laws that were passed by Acheampong. Rawlings replaced the chief editor of the
118:, which had operated since the 1930s, was shut down by Nkrumah after being subject to censorship. After
2264:
2159:
1973:
1953:
1753:
1627:
1486:
1340:
697:
403:
In 2002 the government of Ghana censored Internet media coverage of tribal violence in Northern Ghana.
105:
eventually controlled all the press in Ghana and saw it as an instrument of state authority, providing
1914:
1678:
1658:
1622:
529:
1297:
2071:
2066:
2008:
1870:
1780:
1566:
1134:
650:
stations, there are several in local dialect. In 2007, 86 FM and three shortwave stations existed.
623:, TV Skyy, and TV Africa, with TV3 and Metro TV going on the air in 1997. Foreign stations such as
85:
introduced the first radio channel, named Radio ZOY, on 31 July 1935, before it was renamed to the
204:
The Press Commission, as enshrined in law, were to investigate complaints about the press, uphold
2081:
1948:
1805:
1698:
1672:
1663:
1052:
355:, was set up in 1957 by Nkrumah to provide balanced information on local and international news.
70:
in 1822. The paper had several functions: to provide information for civil servants and European
917:
2304:
1865:
1531:
1238:
National Days/National Ways: Historical, Political, and Religious Celebrations Around the World
904:
444:
111:
2414:
2404:
2209:
2152:
1998:
1943:
1875:
1860:
1763:
1738:
1479:
514:
424:
383:
370:
139:
2419:
2309:
2239:
2086:
1988:
1880:
1835:
1768:
1431:
601:
progress and aspirations, and to broadcast in the main Ghanaian languages and in English".
393:
334:
1193:
8:
2479:
2364:
2349:
2334:
2289:
2224:
2091:
1936:
1795:
1758:
1414:
1386:
1331:
707:
454:
163:
968:
2354:
2046:
2013:
1983:
1958:
1895:
1800:
1785:
1775:
1748:
1646:
1551:
1357:"Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Journalistic Expression in Africa: The Case of Ghana"
1356:
1326:
702:
663:
634:
FM radio began in 1988, which allowed foreign radio stations into the country, such as
534:
148:
1371:
1347:
1300:, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013.
2454:
2429:
2279:
2219:
2204:
2003:
1993:
1926:
1717:
1561:
1445:
1417:
1390:
1241:
1174:
1150:
1114:
1020:
996:
835:
659:
389:
351:
1312:, International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013.
175:
2439:
2409:
2394:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2324:
2319:
2269:
2214:
2189:
2110:
2041:
2028:
1890:
1855:
1823:
1743:
1668:
1514:
1462:
1211:
647:
635:
616:
260:
236:
75:
2449:
2444:
2384:
2339:
2194:
2175:
2076:
1968:
1606:
1596:
1408:
1380:
1122:
975:
757:
673:
554:
397:
311:
29:
1367:(2) – via Michigan State University Libraries, African e-Journals Project.
2424:
2374:
2329:
2314:
2294:
2284:
2259:
2199:
2133:
2056:
2051:
2018:
1931:
1703:
1586:
1541:
1404:
1096:
678:
520:
434:
269:
212:, citing "corruption and maladministration", once again seized power under the
209:
183:
98:
604:
There were seven broadcast stations in 2007. Among the stations, there is the
2567:
2434:
2344:
2234:
2124:
1845:
1840:
1441:
205:
102:
82:
1449:
592:
Television was introduced to Ghana in 1965 and was under State control. The
1576:
867:
584:
277:
192:
1601:
1591:
605:
543:
298:
223:
155:
123:
97:
Following the 6 March 1957 declaration of independence by Ghana from the
38:
1536:
712:
567:
559:
539:
302:
231:
134:
126:
changed hands, though still under the control of the ruling party. The
106:
1327:"Democratizing Media Systems in African Societies: The Case of Ghana"
1171:
Negotiating Democracy: Media Transformations in Emerging Democracies.
612:
315:
1403:
1111:
Entwicklung oder Profit? Die staatliche und private Presse in Ghana
955:
620:
143:
for opposing Busia, who had appealed for African dialogue with the
71:
2144:
49:, includes television, radio, internet publishing and newspapers.
1471:
864:
Democracy and Ghana: Selected Speeches of President Hilla Limann.
356:
1272:
1303:
1502:
346:
854:. Volume 12, 1979-1980. London: Africana Publishing Company.
174:(PNP). The Akuffo regime was short lived, ending in another
1296:
Calculated using penetration rate and population data from
563:
133:
In 1969, the democratically elected civilian government of
1354:
894:
Volume 16, 1983-1984. London: Africana Publishing Company.
191:
power was returned to the democratically elected PNP with
66:
first emerged in the 19th century with the publication of
1075:
1073:
628:
624:
310:, and the Ghanaian Journalists Association (GJA) praised
1310:"Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"
243:
The policies not only affected print media but also the
834:
Erbio, F., and W. Jong-Ebot (eds), Africa World Press.
154:
The regime of Acheampong was overthrown in May 1978 by
1070:
1013:
Halegoua, Germaine R.; Aslinger, Ben (17 March 2016).
1379:"Ghana: Directory: Broadcasting and Communications".
1339:(1) – via Michigan State University Libraries,
306:particular, were vigorous in their coverage of the
68:
The Gold Coast Gazette and Commercial Intelligencer
1084:Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012
672:The Internet was used by an estimated 4.2 million
1324:
101:, there were only around four newspapers. Leader
2565:
1298:"Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"
1012:
362:
340:
776:
774:
772:
770:
388:Although the constitution and law provide for
2160:
1487:
668:Internet censorship and surveillance in Ghana
226:in 1983 defended direct government control:
1212:"Ghana Press, Media, TV, Radio, Newspapers"
767:
2167:
2153:
1494:
1480:
1169:Blankson, I. A., and P. D. Murphy (2007).
832:Press Freedom and Communication in Africa.
35:2nd President of the 4th Republic of Ghana
1407:; Nicholas J. Karolides (2005). "Ghana".
1232:
1230:
1228:
1147:The Press and Political Culture in Ghana.
826:
824:
822:
1165:
1163:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
583:
553:
28:
1290:
549:
377:
14:
2566:
1259:Ghana: Politics, Economics and Society
1225:
1203:
1189:
1187:
969:GJA congratulates President Atta Mills
946:
944:
942:
683:It is unrestricted by the government.
2148:
1475:
1270:
1160:
1139:
799:
753:
751:
749:
747:
333:Due to the new freedom of media, the
1582:Provisional National Defence Council
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
214:Provisional National Defence Council
145:apartheid government in South Africa
92:
2174:
1355:Isaac Obeng-Quaidoo, Isaac (1988).
1184:
939:
780:
374:is truly national in distribution.
308:2008 Ghanaian presidential election
24:
1572:Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
1501:
1135:Freedom House 2007 report on Ghana
1128:
911:
180:Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
25:
2595:
1456:
1385:. Regional Surveys of the World.
1209:
724:
546:are the most popular Newspapers.
2475:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2245:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1370:
1346:
1097:"Ghana Internet Censorship 2008"
2584:Mass media in Africa by country
1382:Africa South of the Sahara 2004
1318:
1264:
1251:
1103:
1089:
1045:
1033:
1006:
985:
962:
927:
576:List of radio stations in Ghana
292:
289:was attempting to muzzle them.
57:
1240:, Greenwood Publishing Group.
897:
885:
873:
857:
845:
609:Ghana Broadcasting Corporation
594:Ghana Broadcasting Corporation
297:After the election in 2000 of
245:Ghana Broadcasting Corporation
87:Ghana Broadcasting Corporation
13:
1:
1271:Media, Ghana (13 June 2024).
1109:Kuehnhenrich, Daniel (2012).
718:
406:
120:Nkrumah's overthrow in a coup
114:on the media. The opposition
580:List of TV stations in Ghana
566:and information provided by
363:Challenges to Ghanaian media
341:Relations with foreign media
257:National Democratic Congress
250:
7:
1557:National Liberation Council
1261:, Lynne Reinner Publishers.
892:Africa Contemporary Record.
693:Telecommunications in Ghana
686:
653:
640:Radio France Internationale
611:and four private channels,
507:List of newspapers in Ghana
128:National Liberation Council
10:
2600:
1552:First Republic (1960–1966)
1463:Ghana - 2004 Annual Report
1410:Encyclopedia of Censorship
1341:African e-Journals Project
1325:Kwame S. T. Boafo (1987).
1194:CIA World Factbook - Ghana
1149:Indiana University Press.
1099:. NIBII. 15 December 2008.
951:BBC Country Profile: Ghana
852:Africa Contemporary Record
783:"Ghana Broadcasting Study"
698:Telephone numbers in Ghana
657:
573:
504:
381:
52:
2488:
2463:
2182:
2104:
2027:
1922:
1913:
1831:
1822:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1654:
1645:
1615:
1522:
1513:
1467:Reporters Without Borders
908:, 18–24 January 1993: 52.
530:National Media Commission
2230:Central African Republic
1734:Administrative divisions
1567:Ignatius Kutu Acheampong
1057:U.S. Department of State
1016:Locating Emerging Media
995:GIGA-Hamburg, pp. 226.
936:. 21–27 June 1994: 550.
631:are freely accessible.
172:People's National Party
1236:Fuller, L. K. (2004),
830:Anokwa, K. (1997). In
589:
571:
331:
328:Seyd, C., 4 June 1999.
274:
241:
202:
81:Colonial Governor Sir
42:
41:speaks with the press.
2579:Mass media by country
2390:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
2250:Republic of the Congo
1389:. 2004. p. 497.
918:Constitution of Ghana
588:Radio studio in Ghana
587:
557:
384:Human rights in Ghana
382:Further information:
337:in Ghana is growing.
320:
265:
228:
197:
149:multi-party democracy
76:Gold Coast government
32:
1901:Water and sanitation
1437:Freedom of the Press
974:26 July 2011 at the
550:Television and radio
480:New Crusading Guide
378:Freedom of the press
2574:Mass media in Ghana
2465:States with limited
1979:Illegal immigration
1524:Historical timeline
1415:Facts on File, Inc.
1387:Europa Publications
1361:Africa Media Review
1332:Africa Media Review
922:Government of Ghana
708:Ghanaian literature
335:video game industry
164:Popular Front Party
47:mass media in Ghana
39:John Agyekum Kufuor
1886:Telecommunications
1145:Hasty, J. (2005).
1042:. 1 December 2006.
982:, 11 January 2009.
703:New media in Ghana
664:New Media in Ghana
590:
572:
535:Ghanaian Chronicle
496:Daily Searchlight
43:
2561:
2560:
2492:other territories
2265:Equatorial Guinea
2142:
2141:
2100:
2099:
2037:Cultural heritage
1974:Human trafficking
1954:Domestic violence
1909:
1908:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1791:Political parties
1754:Foreign relations
1712:
1711:
1641:
1640:
1423:978-1-4381-1001-1
1246:978-0-275-97270-7
1210:Hasty, Jennifer.
1179:978-0-7914-7233-0
1155:978-0-253-34524-0
1119:978-3-8382-0304-1
1001:978-3-928049-81-8
991:Seyd, C. (2002).
882:, 5 January 1982.
840:978-0-86543-551-3
660:Internet in Ghana
503:
502:
390:freedom of speech
352:Ghana News Agency
182:(AFRC) headed by
93:Post-independence
62:The media in the
16:(Redirected from
2591:
2553:
2552:(United Kingdom)
2548:Tristan da Cunha
2544:Ascension Island
2536:
2523:
2514:
2490:Dependencies and
2183:Sovereign states
2176:Media of Africa
2169:
2162:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2127:
2120:
2113:
1920:
1919:
1829:
1828:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1652:
1651:
1520:
1519:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1452:
1427:
1400:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1268:
1262:
1257:Ray, D. (1986),
1255:
1249:
1234:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1207:
1201:
1191:
1182:
1167:
1158:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1087:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1010:
1004:
989:
983:
966:
960:
948:
937:
931:
925:
915:
909:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
861:
855:
849:
843:
828:
797:
796:
794:
792:
787:
781:Buckley, Steve.
778:
765:
755:
648:English-language
636:Voice of America
411:
410:
329:
318:in the country:
261:authoritarianism
230:I don't see the
21:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2534:
2521:
2512:
2493:
2491:
2484:
2468:
2466:
2459:
2178:
2173:
2143:
2138:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2096:
2072:Public holidays
2067:National pledge
2062:National anthem
2023:
2009:Street children
1905:
1841:Cedi (currency)
1810:
1781:Law enforcement
1708:
1694:Protected areas
1637:
1611:
1607:Nana Akufo-Addo
1509:
1500:
1459:
1430:
1424:
1397:
1378:
1369:
1345:
1321:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1235:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1192:
1185:
1168:
1161:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1129:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1078:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1011:
1007:
990:
986:
976:Wayback Machine
967:
963:
949:
940:
932:
928:
916:
912:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
874:
862:
858:
850:
846:
829:
800:
790:
788:
785:
779:
768:
762:Press Reference
756:
725:
721:
689:
670:
658:Main articles:
656:
582:
552:
509:
472:Daily Dispatch
464:Daily Democrat
418:
409:
398:self-censorship
386:
380:
365:
343:
330:
327:
312:John Atta Mills
295:
253:
116:Ashanti Pioneer
112:chilling effect
95:
60:
55:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2537:
2524:
2515:
2501:Canary Islands
2497:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2082:Social conduct
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Discrimination
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1881:Stock Exchange
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1806:Prime Minister
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:National parks
1686:
1681:
1676:
1673:Climate change
1666:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Jerry Rawlings
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:Ashanti Empire
1539:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1499:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1458:
1457:External links
1455:
1454:
1453:
1428:
1422:
1405:Jonathon Green
1401:
1395:
1376:
1352:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1289:
1263:
1250:
1224:
1202:
1183:
1159:
1138:
1127:
1102:
1088:
1069:
1044:
1032:
1025:
1005:
984:
961:
938:
926:
910:
896:
884:
872:
856:
844:
798:
766:
758:Ghanaian Media
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
688:
685:
655:
652:
551:
548:
521:Ghanaian Times
505:Main article:
501:
500:
497:
493:
492:
489:
485:
484:
481:
477:
476:
473:
469:
468:
465:
461:
460:
457:
451:
450:
447:
441:
440:
437:
435:Ghanaian Times
431:
430:
427:
421:
420:
415:
408:
405:
379:
376:
364:
361:
342:
339:
325:
294:
291:
270:social justice
252:
249:
184:Jerry Rawlings
166:(PFP) and the
156:General Akuffo
99:United Kingdom
94:
91:
59:
56:
54:
51:
18:Media of Ghana
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2596:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Guinea-Bissau
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Ethnic groups
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Manufacturing
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Early history
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1442:Freedom House
1439:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1026:9781136683039
1022:
1019:. Routledge.
1018:
1017:
1009:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
981:
977:
973:
970:
965:
958:
957:
952:
947:
945:
943:
935:
930:
923:
919:
914:
907:
906:
900:
893:
888:
881:
880:Daily Graphic
876:
869:
865:
860:
853:
848:
841:
837:
833:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
784:
777:
775:
773:
771:
763:
759:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
723:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
684:
681:
679:
675:
669:
665:
661:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
602:
598:
595:
586:
581:
577:
569:
565:
561:
556:
547:
545:
541:
537:
536:
531:
528:The Ghanaian
526:
523:
522:
517:
516:
515:Daily Graphic
508:
498:
495:
494:
490:
487:
486:
482:
479:
478:
474:
471:
470:
466:
463:
462:
458:
456:
453:
452:
448:
446:
443:
442:
438:
436:
433:
432:
428:
426:
425:Daily Graphic
423:
422:
416:
413:
412:
404:
401:
399:
395:
391:
385:
375:
373:
372:
371:Daily Graphic
360:
358:
354:
353:
348:
338:
336:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
304:
300:
290:
287:
286:New Statesman
283:
279:
273:
271:
264:
262:
258:
248:
246:
240:
238:
233:
227:
225:
220:
219:Daily Graphic
215:
211:
210:John Rawlings
207:
206:press freedom
201:
196:
194:
189:
188:Daily Graphic
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
141:
140:Daily Graphic
136:
131:
129:
125:
124:state outlets
121:
117:
113:
108:
104:
103:Kwame Nkrumah
100:
90:
88:
84:
83:Arnold Hodson
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
50:
48:
40:
36:
31:
27:
19:
2540:Saint Helena
2511:
2415:South Africa
2405:Sierra Leone
2210:Burkina Faso
2125:Bibliography
1999:Prostitution
1944:Demographics
1846:Central Bank
1764:Human rights
1739:Constitution
1577:Hilla Limann
1466:
1435:
1409:
1381:
1364:
1360:
1336:
1330:
1319:Bibliography
1305:
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:
1266:
1258:
1253:
1237:
1215:. Retrieved
1205:
1197:
1173:SUNY Press.
1170:
1146:
1141:
1130:
1110:
1105:
1091:
1083:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1047:
1035:
1015:
1008:
992:
987:
979:
964:
954:
933:
929:
921:
913:
903:
899:
891:
887:
879:
875:
868:Rex Collings
863:
859:
851:
847:
831:
789:. Retrieved
761:
682:
671:
643:
633:
603:
599:
591:
544:Modern Ghana
533:
527:
519:
513:
510:
402:
387:
369:
366:
350:
344:
332:
321:
296:
293:2000-present
285:
281:
278:human rights
275:
266:
254:
242:
237:conscientize
229:
218:
203:
198:
193:Hilla Limann
187:
167:
159:
153:
138:
132:
115:
96:
80:
67:
61:
58:19th century
46:
44:
26:
2467:recognition
2420:South Sudan
2310:Ivory Coast
2087:Video games
1989:Mob justice
1836:Agriculture
1602:John Mahama
1592:John Kufuor
1277:Ghana Media
934:West Africa
905:West Africa
488:Daily Post
455:Daily Guide
417:Circulation
299:John Kufuor
224:Joyce Aryee
176:coup d'Ă©tat
2568:Categories
2522:(Portugal)
2480:Somaliland
2400:Seychelles
2365:Mozambique
2350:Mauritania
2335:Madagascar
2290:The Gambia
2225:Cape Verde
2092:Witchcraft
1937:Cybercrime
1796:Parliament
1759:Government
1597:John Mills
1562:Kofi Busia
1547:Gold Coast
1537:Bono state
1396:1857431839
1113:. ibidem.
1040:Amdi Ghana
719:References
713:News Ghana
574:See also:
568:television
560:mass media
540:News Ghana
407:Newspapers
282:Free Press
151:in Ghana.
135:Kofi Busia
107:propaganda
64:Gold Coast
2355:Mauritius
2047:Festivals
2014:Squatting
1984:Languages
1959:Education
1896:Transport
1801:President
1776:Judiciary
1749:Elections
1684:Mountains
1647:Geography
1628:Political
674:Ghanaians
644:Radio EYE
606:state-run
445:Chronicle
419:(Copies)
414:Newspaper
316:democracy
251:1992-2000
168:Gong Gong
72:merchants
2546: /
2542: /
2535:(France)
2529: /
2507: /
2503: /
2455:Zimbabwe
2430:Tanzania
2280:Ethiopia
2275:Eswatini
2255:Djibouti
2220:Cameroon
2205:Botswana
2134:Category
2004:Religion
1994:Polygamy
1927:Abortion
1786:Military
1718:Politics
1704:Wildlife
1623:Economic
1616:By topic
1507:articles
1450:57509361
1444:, 2016,
1217:20 April
1062:31 March
972:Archived
956:BBC News
866:London:
791:20 April
687:See also
654:Internet
621:Viasat 1
617:Metro TV
326:—
323:Republic
2531:RĂ©union
2527:Mayotte
2518:Madeira
2513:(Spain)
2509:Melilla
2440:Tunisia
2410:Somalia
2395:Senegal
2380:Nigeria
2370:Namibia
2360:Morocco
2325:Liberia
2320:Lesotho
2270:Eritrea
2240:Comoros
2215:Burundi
2190:Algeria
2111:Outline
2042:Cuisine
2029:Culture
1915:Society
1891:Tourism
1856:Fishing
1824:Economy
1744:Cabinet
1679:Forests
1669:Climate
1659:Borders
1515:History
1440:, USA:
1432:"Ghana"
1282:14 June
1080:"Ghana"
1053:"Ghana"
870:, 1983.
429:100000
357:Reuters
178:by the
170:of the
162:of the
122:, many
53:History
2550:
2533:
2520:
2450:Zambia
2445:Uganda
2385:Rwanda
2340:Malawi
2300:Guinea
2195:Angola
2077:Sports
1969:Health
1871:Mining
1851:Energy
1699:Rivers
1664:Cities
1633:Postal
1505:
1448:
1420:
1393:
1244:
1177:
1153:
1123:online
1117:
1023:
999:
980:Joy fm
838:
666:, and
558:Ghana
459:22000
449:45000
439:80000
2505:Ceuta
2425:Sudan
2375:Niger
2330:Libya
2315:Kenya
2295:Ghana
2285:Gabon
2260:Egypt
2200:Benin
2118:Index
2057:Music
2052:Media
2019:Women
1932:Crime
1861:Labor
1503:Ghana
786:(PDF)
499:1500
491:5000
483:5000
475:5000
467:5000
394:press
347:Accra
303:libel
232:press
2435:Togo
2345:Mali
2235:Chad
1769:LGBT
1446:OCLC
1418:ISBN
1391:ISBN
1284:2024
1242:ISBN
1219:2014
1175:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1064:2018
1021:ISBN
997:ISBN
836:ISBN
793:2014
627:and
578:and
564:news
542:and
518:and
392:and
284:and
160:Star
45:The
33:The
1876:Oil
1198:CIA
629:BBC
625:CNN
613:TV3
2570::
1465:,
1434:,
1413:.
1363:.
1359:.
1335:.
1329:.
1275:.
1227:^
1196:,
1186:^
1162:^
1082:,
1072:^
1055:.
978:,
953:,
941:^
920:,
801:^
769:^
760:,
726:^
662:,
638:,
619:,
615:,
562:,
37:,
2168:e
2161:t
2154:v
1675:)
1671:(
1495:e
1488:t
1481:v
1426:.
1399:.
1365:2
1343:.
1337:2
1286:.
1248:.
1221:.
1200:.
1181:.
1157:.
1125:)
1121:(
1066:.
1029:.
1003:.
959:.
924:.
842:.
795:.
764:.
570:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
