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2100:
1606:
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192:) is the use of specific nutrition services to treat an illness, injury, or condition. It was introduced in 1994 by the American Dietetic Association to better articulate the nutrition therapy process. It involves the assessment of the nutritional status of the client and the actual treatment, which includes nutrition therapy, counseling, and the use of specialized nutrition supplements, devised and monitored by a medical doctor
3311:
1626:
3291:
1616:
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3260:
2089:
226:
In most cases the use of
Medical Nutrition is recommended within international and professional guidelines. It can be an integral part of managing acute and short-term diseases. It can also play a major role in supporting patients for extended periods of time and even for a lifetime in some special
241:
guide in section 5(b) of the Orphan Drug Act (21 U.S.C. 30ee (b) (3)); as "a food which is formulated to be consumed or administered enterally under the supervision of a physician and which is intended for the specific dietary management of a disease or condition for which distinctive nutritional
62:
Normally, individuals obtain the necessary nutrients their bodies require through normal daily diets that process the foods accordingly within the body. Nevertheless, there are circumstances such as disease, distress, stress, and so on that may prevent the body from obtaining sufficient nutrients
2890:
63:
through diets alone. In such conditions, a dietary supplementation specifically formulated for their individual condition may be required to fill the void created by the specific condition. This can come in form of
Medical Nutrition.
200:
nutritionist (RDN). Registered dietitians started using MNT as a dietary intervention for preventing or treating other health conditions that are caused by or made worse by unhealthy eating habits.
227:
cases. Medical
Nutrition is not meant to replace the treatment of disease but rather complement the normal use of drug therapies prescribed by physicians and other licensed healthcare providers.
2885:
432:
211:
as well as ameliorate the effects any existing conditions such as high cholesterol. Many medical conditions either develop or are made worse by an improper or unhealthy diet.
654:
Li C, Norstedt G, Hu ZG, Yu P, Li DQ, Li J, Yu Q, Sederholm M, Yu DM. Effects of a macronutrient preload on type 2 diabetic patients, Frontiers in
Endocrinology 6:139, 2015
753:
3053:
309:
570:
Sikand G, Kashyap ML, Yang I (August 1998). "Medical nutrition therapy lowers serum cholesterol and saves medication costs in men with hypercholesterolemia".
231:
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or = 5% unintentional weight loss in the past month and/or > or = 10% unintentional weight loss in the past 6 months. By the same system, the patient is
3689:
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3018:
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436:
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30:
centers on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of nutritional changes in patients linked to chronic diseases and conditions primarily in
3636:
2940:
3193:
2907:
3131:
1926:
780:
177:
if they met at least one of the following criteria: BMI 20.1–22 kg/m and/or 5-10% unintentional weight loss in the past six months.
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1135:
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17:
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107:
has causes, epidemiology and management distinct from those associated with malnutrition that is mainly related to poverty.
3314:
3177:
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356:
297:
3165:
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1511:
853:
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3393:
3182:
3141:
3106:
3091:
3073:
2998:
2777:
495:
384:"The SNAQ(RC), an easy traffic light system as a first step in the recognition of undernutrition in residential care"
207:
or dietitian nutritionist (RDN) is to reduce the risk of developing complications in pre-existing conditions such as
3656:
3442:
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3023:
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3126:
3033:
2897:
2812:
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1976:
1919:
511:
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3155:
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and in private practice, but also inpatients in hospitals. It incorporates primarily the scientific fields of
3859:
3447:
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2321:
2171:
54:, while also providing sufficient amounts of nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and minerals to patients.
3641:
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3160:
1805:
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234:
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There are various definitions of clinical malnutrition. According to one of them, patients are defined as
3214:
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1125:
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1966:
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72:
51:
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1798:
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605:
Copperman N, Jacobson MS (February 2003). "Medical nutrition therapy of overweight adolescents".
242:
requirements, based on recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation,"
278:
A patient may need to follow a strict diet to see benefits while using a medical nutrition plan.
3572:
3149:
3069:
2964:
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898:
846:
80:
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3171:
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3116:
2860:
2608:
1668:
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1435:
1408:
1381:
1333:
1287:
982:
706:"Draft Guidance for Industry: Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition"
215:
462:
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1852:
1569:
1529:
1396:
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972:
92:
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Some forms of medical nutrition can be very expensive. A poor patient may not afford such.
8:
3849:
3814:
3734:
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3003:
2701:
2016:
1649:
1591:
1574:
1233:
950:
728:
84:
76:
3300:
729:"The Evidence for the Effectiveness of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Diabetes Management"
2902:
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2152:
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38:
in this sense refers to the management of patients, including not only outpatients at
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1996:
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35:
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2001:
1946:
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1981:
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1200:
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691:
556:
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682:
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104:
591:
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2850:
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2398:
2368:
2338:
2194:
2147:
2093:
2031:
1986:
1971:
1418:
1363:
1260:
1115:
1090:
908:
152:
88:
31:
802:
666:"Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention"
463:"Medical Nutrition Therapy: A Key to Diabetes Management and Prevention"
3829:
3600:
3457:
3065:
2817:
2782:
2711:
2498:
2373:
2333:
2202:
2163:
1961:
1506:
1391:
1358:
1130:
1080:
1065:
1060:
1053:
1038:
1028:
148:
3809:
3804:
3744:
3724:
3477:
3467:
3462:
3422:
3111:
2822:
2754:
2729:
2691:
2656:
2648:
2630:
2615:
2603:
2547:
2524:
2492:
2487:
2277:
2048:
1857:
1720:
1579:
1321:
1316:
1180:
1158:
1033:
997:
781:"What Are the Advantages & Disadvantages of Nutritional Therapy?"
324:
204:
197:
193:
170:
166:
141:
43:
1904:
3331:
3086:
2676:
2625:
2481:
2421:
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2219:
2063:
2026:
1085:
862:
631:
133:
118:
3759:
3452:
3417:
3377:
2542:
2259:
2229:
2011:
1956:
1882:
1877:
1790:
1564:
1024:
992:
885:
533:
Nahikian-Nelms, Marcia; Sucher, Kathryn P.; Lacey, Karen (2016).
129:
3610:
3437:
3432:
2686:
2644:
2214:
2036:
1951:
1847:
1660:
382:
Kruizenga HM, de Vet HC, Van
Marissing CM, et al. (2010).
155:
entity to appropriately compensate for causes of malnutrition.
125:
39:
2640:
2292:
2006:
1887:
1867:
239:
Medical Foods
Guidance Documents & Regulatory Information
50:. Furthermore, clinical nutrition aims to maintain a healthy
3881:
3259:
2088:
381:
831:
826:
803:"Advertising in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"
274:
The following are some disadvantages of medical nutrition:
632:
Novaković B, Grujicić M, Trajković-Pavlović L (2009). "".
2537:
532:
754:"Strategy & Key Figures - Longer, Healthier Lives"
310:
European
Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
250:
The following advantages come with medical nutrition:
57:
3870:
162:
when meeting at least one of the following criteria:
664:
Morris, Sara F.; Wylie-Rosett, Judith (2010-01-01).
75:, the preferred means of nutrition is, if possible,
3652:
3019:
2024 United
Kingdom Shigatoxigenic E. coli outbreak
663:
512:"Medical Nutrition Therapy: Definition & Uses"
604:
569:
3894:
147:Clinical malnutrition may also be aggravated by
230:Unlike Medical Foods which are defined by the
3697:
3683:
3637:International Association for Food Protection
3347:
2179:
1920:
1806:
1676:
847:
490:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 50.
433:"RDNs and Medical Nutrition Therapy Services"
3194:Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition
3009:2017–2018 South African listeriosis outbreak
2908:1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal
435:. eatright.org. 12 June 2014. Archived from
232:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
180:
3132:United Kingdom food information regulations
487:Advanced Medical Nutrition Therapy Practice
3690:
3676:
3354:
3340:
2186:
2172:
1927:
1913:
1813:
1799:
1683:
1669:
1136:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
854:
840:
2970:2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
1477:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
681:
265:It can help one to live better at any age
121:caused by diseases, injuries and/or aging
3014:2018 Australian strawberry contamination
2876:Morinaga Milk arsenic poisoning incident
2193:
254:It is often very effective in treating
98:
2984:2011 United States listeriosis outbreak
778:
483:
335:
203:The role of MNT when administered by a
66:
14:
3895:
2999:2015 Mozambique funeral beer poisoning
2576:Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
795:
359:. nutritioncollege.org. Archived from
293:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
3671:
3335:
2167:
1934:
1908:
1794:
1664:
835:
748:
746:
535:Nutrition therapy and pathophysiology
456:
454:
124:Difficulties with ingestion, such as
3361:
3290:
3178:Institute for Food Safety and Health
2918:Australian meat substitution scandal
2886:Moroccan oil poisoning disaster 1959
2662:Arsenic contamination of groundwater
1615:
1376:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
427:
425:
351:
349:
347:
345:
103:In the field of clinical nutrition,
3310:
3166:Food Information and Control Agency
1625:
726:
698:
58:Dietary needs and disease processes
24:
1820:
1512:Medical Scientist Training Program
827:Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
743:
727:Pastors, Joyce Green; et al.
460:
451:
151:factors, i.e., the inability of a
25:
3914:
3647:Food and Agriculture Organization
3394:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
3183:International Food Safety Network
3107:International Food Safety Network
2828:Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
2778:Acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein
2505:Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic
820:
779:Natalie, Stein (19 August 2015).
422:
342:
296:is the highest-ranked journal in
221:
3880:
3657:National Food and Drug Authority
3443:Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates
3309:
3299:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3268:
3258:
3188:Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
3024:Kobayashi red yeast rice scandal
2955:2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak
2950:ICA meat repackaging controversy
2099:
2098:
2087:
1690:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1605:
1604:
484:Skipper, Annalynn (2009-10-07).
269:
3127:Quality Assurance International
3034:Food safety incidents in Taiwan
3004:2017 Brazil Operation Weak Meat
2898:1971 Iraq poison grain disaster
2813:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
1645:
772:
720:
657:
648:
625:
465:. clinical.diabetesjournals.org
3387:Artificial protein substitutes
3156:European Food Safety Authority
3029:Food safety incidents in China
2866:1858 Bradford sweets poisoning
2833:Water fluoridation controversy
1873:"Minerals" (Chemical elements)
1502:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
936:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
598:
563:
526:
504:
477:
375:
13:
1:
3448:Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
584:10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00204-1
461:Morris, Sara F.; et al.
245:
3642:Food and Drug Administration
3161:Food and Drug Administration
2843:Food contamination incidents
1482:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
1249:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
861:
756:. danone.com. Archived from
357:"What is Medical Nutrition?"
235:Food and Drug Administration
7:
3215:Food and drink prohibitions
2989:Bihar school meal poisoning
2913:United Kingdom BSE outbreak
2871:1900 English beer poisoning
2225:Antibiotic use in livestock
2105:Category: Food preservation
731:. care.diabetesjournals.org
303:
285:
10:
3919:
3750:Emergency medical services
3210:Curing (food preservation)
2283:Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
537:(Third ed.). Boston:
3705:
3699:Allied health professions
3629:
3591:
3560:
3544:
3486:
3428:Aspartame-acesulfame salt
3402:
3386:
3367:
3329:
3253:
3240:Genetically modified food
3202:
3140:
3092:Food labeling regulations
3064:
2960:2008 Chinese milk scandal
2841:
2763:
2710:
2639:
2589:
2561:
2523:
2412:
2320:
2268:
2201:
2161:
2123:
2082:
1942:
1902:
1828:
1788:
1698:
1600:
1522:
1460:
1221:
1149:
1104:
1013:
884:
869:
578:(8): 889–94, quiz 895–6.
400:10.1007/s12603-009-0147-1
214:An example is the use of
186:Medical nutrition therapy
181:Medical nutrition therapy
175:moderately undernourished
169:or = 20 kg/m and/or
18:Medical nutrition therapy
3790:Music and arts therapist
3487:Natural food substitutes
3102:Food safety in Australia
2298:High-fructose corn syrup
1436:Transplantation medicine
1327:Clinical neurophysiology
1244:Obstetric anesthesiology
1164:Interventional radiology
924:Digestive system surgery
73:routes of administration
3755:Hemodialysis technician
3082:Acceptable daily intake
2994:2013 horse meat scandal
2435:Clostridium perfringens
1307:Intensive care medicine
1281:Mass gathering medicine
1126:Maternal–fetal medicine
683:10.2337/diaclin.28.1.12
300:'s nutrition category.
160:severely undernourished
79:. Alternatives include
3800:Occupational therapist
3573:List of food additives
3150:Centre for Food Safety
2965:2008 Irish pork crisis
2667:Benzene in soft drinks
1763:Discrimination testing
899:Cardiothoracic surgery
636:. 62 Suppl 3: 95–100.
81:enteral administration
3850:Respiratory therapist
3785:Medical transcription
3735:Clinical psychologist
3710:Anesthesia technician
3172:Food Standards Agency
3122:Organic certification
3117:Nutrition facts label
2861:Esing Bakery incident
2649:environment pollution
1853:Essential fatty acids
1550:Personalized medicine
1409:Reproductive medicine
1334:Occupational medicine
1288:Evolutionary medicine
216:macronutrient preload
112:clinical malnutrition
99:Clinical malnutrition
3780:Medical technologist
3730:Cardiac physiologist
3413:Acesulfame potassium
2941:2006 North American
2599:Acesulfame potassium
2428:Campylobacter jejuni
2322:Intestinal parasites
2195:Consumer food safety
1570:Traditional medicine
1530:Alternative medicine
1397:Addiction psychiatry
1211:Transfusion medicine
1206:Medical microbiology
1121:Gynecologic oncology
973:Reproductive surgery
541:. pp. 495–500.
336:Notes and references
218:in type 2 diabetes.
93:parenteral nutrition
67:Methods of nutrition
3840:Radiation therapist
3815:Pharmacy technician
3245:Conspiracy theories
2798:Heterocyclic amines
2702:Shellfish poisoning
2017:Modified atmosphere
1592:History of medicine
1575:Veterinary medicine
1382:Preventive medicine
1234:Adolescent medicine
1076:Infectious diseases
388:J Nutr Health Aging
110:The main causes of
85:nasogastric feeding
77:oral administration
3499:Coffee substitutes
2903:Toxic oil syndrome
2856:Swill milk scandal
2682:Diethylstilbestrol
2354:Diphyllobothriasis
1540:Molecular oncology
1497:Doctor of Medicine
1487:Master of Medicine
1404:Radiation oncology
1276:Emergency medicine
1229:Addiction medicine
1196:Clinical chemistry
1191:Clinical pathology
983:Transplant surgery
941:Orthopedic surgery
919:Colorectal surgery
760:on 6 February 2018
439:on 9 February 2018
28:Clinical nutrition
3903:Nutrition by type
3868:
3867:
3775:Medical physicist
3765:Medical assistant
3760:Massage therapist
3715:Aquatic therapist
3665:
3664:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3405:sugar substitutes
3323:
3322:
3230:Food preservation
3039:Foodborne illness
2591:Sugar substitutes
2344:Cryptosporidiosis
2326:parasitic disease
2240:HGH controversies
2207:food contaminants
2119:
2118:
2113:
2112:
1992:Hurdle technology
1952:Burying in ground
1936:Food preservation
1896:
1895:
1658:
1657:
1492:Master of Surgery
1456:
1455:
1441:Tropical medicine
1387:Prison healthcare
1302:Hospital medicine
1266:Disaster medicine
1256:Aviation medicine
1071:Hospital medicine
978:Surgical oncology
963:Pediatric surgery
957:
904:Endocrine surgery
670:Clinical Diabetes
548:978-1-305-11196-7
16:(Redirected from
3910:
3885:
3884:
3876:
3860:Speech therapist
3740:Dental hygienist
3720:Athletic trainer
3692:
3685:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3536:Salt substitutes
3526:Milk substitutes
3494:Cheese analogues
3473:Sodium cyclamate
3362:Artificial foods
3356:
3349:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3313:
3312:
3303:
3293:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3275:Drink portal
3273:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3174:(United Kingdom)
2923:Jack in the Box
2894:
2881:Minamata disease
2793:Food irradiation
2773:4-Hydroxynonenal
2621:Sodium cyclamate
2464:Escherichia coli
2456:Escherichia coli
2188:
2181:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2091:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1758:Sensory analysis
1685:
1678:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1648:
1647:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1312:Medical genetics
1297:General practice
1174:Nuclear medicine
1049:Gastroenterology
1005:Vascular surgery
955:
882:
881:
856:
849:
842:
833:
832:
814:
813:
811:
809:
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
783:. livestrong.com
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
750:
741:
740:
738:
736:
724:
718:
717:
715:
713:
702:
696:
695:
685:
661:
655:
652:
646:
645:
629:
623:
622:
602:
596:
595:
567:
561:
560:
539:Cengage Learning
530:
524:
523:
521:
519:
508:
502:
501:
481:
475:
474:
472:
470:
458:
449:
448:
446:
444:
429:
420:
419:
379:
373:
372:
370:
368:
353:
330:Therapeutic food
315:Eating disorders
21:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3879:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3825:Physiotherapist
3701:
3696:
3666:
3661:
3625:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3556:
3540:
3504:Egg substitutes
3482:
3398:
3382:
3370:fat substitutes
3363:
3360:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3269:
3267:
3265:Food portal
3257:
3249:
3198:
3136:
3097:Food libel laws
3060:
2888:
2837:
2803:Modified starch
2765:Food processing
2759:
2706:
2635:
2585:
2581:Sodium benzoate
2557:
2519:
2514:Vibrio cholerae
2408:
2379:Gnathostomiasis
2364:Fasciolopsiasis
2316:
2264:
2255:Mercury in fish
2197:
2192:
2157:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2094:Food portal
2086:
2078:
1947:Biopreservation
1938:
1933:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1824:
1819:
1784:
1743:Processing aids
1694:
1689:
1659:
1654:
1596:
1585:Chief physician
1518:
1463:
1452:
1446:Travel medicine
1431:Sports medicine
1414:Sexual medicine
1354:Palliative care
1349:Pain management
1293:Family medicine
1271:Diving medicine
1217:
1145:
1107:
1100:
1016:
1009:
968:Plastic surgery
914:General surgery
894:Cardiac surgery
875:
873:
865:
860:
823:
818:
817:
807:
805:
801:
800:
796:
786:
784:
777:
773:
763:
761:
752:
751:
744:
734:
732:
725:
721:
711:
709:
704:
703:
699:
662:
658:
653:
649:
630:
626:
603:
599:
572:J Am Diet Assoc
568:
564:
549:
531:
527:
517:
515:
510:
509:
505:
498:
482:
478:
468:
466:
459:
452:
442:
440:
431:
430:
423:
380:
376:
366:
364:
355:
354:
343:
338:
306:
288:
272:
260:type 2 diabetes
248:
237:, within their
224:
209:type 2 diabetes
183:
101:
69:
60:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3916:
3906:
3905:
3890:
3889:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3561:Related topics
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3509:Meat analogues
3506:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
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3365:
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3359:
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3330:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3287:
3277:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3220:Food marketing
3217:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3203:Related topics
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Food additives
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
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2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
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2653:
2651:
2637:
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2628:
2623:
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2611:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2414:Microorganisms
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:Paragonimiasis
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2349:Cyclosporiasis
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2270:Food additives
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2245:Lead poisoning
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2074:Vacuum packing
2071:
2069:Tyndallization
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1822:Food chemistry
1818:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1523:Related topics
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:Medical school
1468:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1426:Sleep medicine
1423:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1239:Anesthesiology
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1169:Neuroradiology
1166:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1106:Obstetrics and
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
1000:
990:
988:Trauma surgery
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
959:
958:
951:Otolaryngology
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
927:
926:
921:
911:
906:
901:
896:
890:
888:
879:
877:subspecialties
867:
866:
859:
858:
851:
844:
836:
830:
829:
822:
821:External links
819:
816:
815:
794:
771:
742:
719:
697:
656:
647:
624:
597:
562:
547:
525:
503:
496:
476:
450:
421:
374:
363:on 11 May 2017
340:
339:
337:
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333:
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327:
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302:
287:
284:
283:
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268:
267:
266:
263:
247:
244:
223:
222:Administration
220:
196:or registered
182:
179:
145:
144:
122:
100:
97:
68:
65:
59:
56:
52:energy balance
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3915:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Social worker
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:Public health
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3770:Medical coder
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
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3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3621:Overnutrition
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Food security
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3593:Food politics
3590:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3366:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3316:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3288:
3286:
3278:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Food politics
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3190:(South Korea)
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3054:United States
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2975:2011 Germany
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2932:1996 Odwalla
2930:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
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2884:
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2879:
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2874:
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2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
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2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
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2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
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2718:
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2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
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2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
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2627:
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2614:
2610:
2607:
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2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2563:Preservatives
2560:
2554:
2553:Methamidophos
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2522:
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2515:
2511:
2509:
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2500:
2496:
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2491:
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2483:
2479:
2477:
2474:
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2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:Toxoplasmosis
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2305:Vegetable oil
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2153:Fortification
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Manufacturing
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2125:Food industry
2122:
2106:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
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2022:Pascalization
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2015:
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1995:
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1982:Freeze-drying
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1930:
1925:
1923:
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1907:
1901:
1889:
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1863:Fortification
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1838:Carbohydrates
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1201:Cytopathology
1199:
1197:
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1141:Urogynecology
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1044:Endocrinology
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497:9780763742898
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308:
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301:
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294:
280:
277:
276:
275:
270:Disadvantages
264:
261:
257:
253:
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243:
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236:
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74:
64:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
19:
3845:Radiographer
3820:Phlebotomist
3795:Nutritionist
3630:Institutions
3616:Malnutrition
3531:Phyllodulcin
3235:Food quality
3142:Institutions
2976:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2808:Nitrosamines
2571:Benzoic acid
2533:Chlorpyrifos
2512:
2506:
2497:
2480:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2404:Trichuriasis
2389:Toxocariasis
2359:Enterobiasis
2235:Formaldehyde
2042:Potjevleesch
1977:Fermentation
1730:
1716:Microbiology
1692:Food science
1560:Rural health
1545:Nanomedicine
1096:Rheumatology
1027: /
946:Hand surgery
931:Neurosurgery
806:. Retrieved
797:
785:. Retrieved
774:
762:. Retrieved
758:the original
733:. Retrieved
722:
710:. Retrieved
700:
676:(1): 12–18.
673:
669:
659:
650:
633:
627:
613:(1): 11–21.
610:
606:
600:
575:
571:
565:
534:
528:
516:. Retrieved
506:
486:
479:
467:. Retrieved
441:. Retrieved
437:the original
391:
387:
377:
365:. Retrieved
361:the original
320:Medical food
291:
289:
273:
249:
238:
229:
225:
213:
202:
189:
185:
184:
174:
159:
157:
146:
111:
109:
105:malnutrition
102:
70:
61:
27:
26:
3830:Prosthetist
3805:Optometrist
3725:Audiologist
3568:Food safety
3403:Artificial
3368:Artificial
3315:WikiProject
3152:(Hong Kong)
2889: [
2851:Devon colic
2725:Breast milk
2697:Nonylphenol
2672:Bisphenol A
2609:controversy
2476:Hepatitis E
2471:Hepatitis A
2449:Enterovirus
2442:Cronobacter
2399:Trichinosis
2369:Fasciolosis
2339:Anisakiasis
2310:controversy
2203:Adulterants
2148:Foodservice
1997:Irradiation
1711:Engineering
1630:Wikiproject
1419:Venereology
1364:Neonatology
1261:Dermatology
1116:Gynaecology
1108:gynaecology
1091:Pulmonology
909:Eye surgery
871:Specialties
607:Adolesc Med
514:. study.com
394:(2): 83–9.
153:health care
89:intravenous
32:health care
3601:Food power
3458:NutraSweet
3066:Regulation
3049:death toll
2818:Shortening
2783:Acrylamide
2712:Food fraud
2692:Mycotoxins
2525:Pesticides
2499:Salmonella
2374:Giardiasis
2334:Amoebiasis
2278:Flavorings
1962:Cold chain
1780:Technology
1748:Psychology
1738:Processing
1392:Psychiatry
1378:(PM&R)
1371:Phlebology
1359:Pediatrics
1186:Anatomical
1151:Diagnostic
1131:Obstetrics
1081:Nephrology
1066:Hematology
1061:Geriatrics
1054:Hepatology
1039:Cardiology
1029:Immunology
634:Med. Pregl
246:Advantages
149:iatrogenic
138:depression
71:Among the
3810:Orthotist
3745:Dietitian
3478:Sucralose
3468:Saccharin
3463:Nutrinova
3423:Aspartame
3112:ISO 22000
3074:watchdogs
3070:standards
3044:outbreaks
2945:outbreaks
2823:Trans fat
2735:Olive oil
2657:Aflatoxin
2631:Sucralose
2616:Saccharin
2604:Aspartame
2548:Malathion
2493:Rotavirus
2488:Norovirus
2143:Marketing
2138:Packaging
2049:Rillettes
1833:Additives
1721:Nutrition
1580:Physician
1464:education
1322:Neurology
1317:Narcology
1181:Pathology
1159:Radiology
1034:Angiology
998:Andrology
708:. fda.gov
692:0891-8929
557:904413050
325:Nutrition
205:physician
198:dietitian
194:physician
142:dysphagia
48:dietetics
44:nutrition
3897:Category
3305:Cookbook
3285:Category
3087:E number
2979:outbreak
2936:outbreak
2927:outbreak
2677:Dieldrin
2626:Sorbitol
2482:Listeria
2422:Botulism
2250:Melamine
2220:Aldicarb
2064:Sugaring
2027:Pickling
2007:Jellying
1987:Freezing
1883:Vitamins
1878:Proteins
1843:Coloring
1770:Rheology
1731:clinical
1610:Category
1086:Oncology
1017:medicine
1015:Internal
863:Medicine
808:June 18,
642:19702125
619:12529187
408:20126953
304:See also
286:Journals
134:dementia
119:Cachexia
36:Clinical
3453:Neotame
3418:Alitame
3378:Olestra
3295:Commons
3168:(Spain)
2977:E. coli
2943:E. coli
2934:E. coli
2925:E. coli
2745:Seafood
2645:poisons
2543:Lindane
2507:E. coli
2466:O157:H7
2458:O104:H4
2260:Sudan I
2230:Cyanide
2059:Smoking
2054:Salting
2032:Potting
2012:Jugging
2002:Jamming
1957:Canning
1858:Flavors
1848:Enzymes
1775:Storage
1753:Quality
1706:Allergy
1699:General
1650:Outline
1620:Commons
1565:Therapy
1462:Medical
1025:Allergy
993:Urology
886:Surgery
592:9710659
416:1179325
130:paresis
40:clinics
3873:Portal
3611:Famine
3545:Brands
3438:Glucin
3433:Dulcin
2750:Shrimp
2687:Dioxin
2641:Toxins
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1972:Drying
1967:Curing
1868:Lipids
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810:2009
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638:PMID
615:PMID
588:PMID
553:OCLC
543:ISBN
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