121:
Initially the rediscovered Roman law was not the law of any particular country or institution, but as lawyers trained in the concepts of Roman law came to dominate the legal profession, Roman law came to have an immense effect on law as actually practiced. For example,
178:, developed a more mature and deeper legal theory, less closely tied to the ancient texts. That gave the law sufficient flexibility to incorporate new concepts. For example, the first printed book on
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of comparing potentially conflicting texts and inferring principles that would explain the apparent contradictions. The commentators of the 12th and early 13th centuries, called
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126:
was reintroduced into Europe as a means of acquiring evidence, usually when there was half-proof or more against a defendant but not yet sufficient proof for conviction.
106:, produced large-scale harmonization of and commentary on the texts. They developed new concepts by reflecting on different related texts, such as the concept of
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system as the main form of evidence evaluation, thus remaining less influenced by Roman law than continental systems. However, some
English courts, such as the
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was a massive intellectual achievement and that the assimilation of its contents would require much time and study. The first western
European university, the
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202:) that filled the gap where local laws were silent, as well as supplying principles of interpretation for those laws in doubtful cases. In this way,
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The ancient Roman law texts were not very explicit about matters of principle, and the commentators found it necessary to develop the
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which governed such matters as marriage, developed in parallel with medieval Roman law and incorporated many of its concepts.
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were seen in legal terms and discussed by writers whose primary training was in law. These ideas formed the basic of modern
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in the law of evidence. Many of these glosses or interpretations, were compiled into one text around 1220 by
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Roman law was in part incorporated in later codifications of continental law such as the
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The Prince and the Law, 1200-1600: Sovereignty and rights in the
Western legal tradition
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224:. Questions such as the scope and limits of government and the permissibility of
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and was a compilation of the most important commentaries made by the glossators.
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was rediscovered in late 11th century Italy. It was soon apparent that the
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incorporated a substantial amount of Roman concepts through the works of
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111:
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23:
549:
A History of the
Philosophy of Law in the Civil Law World, 1600-1900
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The
Jurists’ Philosophy of Law from Rome to the Seventeenth Century
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A Short
History of European Law: The Last Two and a Half Millennia
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480:
The
Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal
393:. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1995.
123:
404:
Law and
Revolution: The Formation of the Western Legal Tradition
36:, it added many new concepts, and formed the basis of the later
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Roman law often acted (except in
England) as a "common law" (
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European Legal
History: A Cultural and Political Perspective
206:
was heavily influenced by Roman law from the 15th century.
141:
375:
16:
Continuation of ancient Roman law in the late Middle Ages
545:
A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence
543:
Damiano Canala, Paolo Grossi, & Hasso Hofmann, eds.
534:
A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence
527:
A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence
82:, was set up in large part with the aim of studying it.
422:
426:
The Creation of the Ius Commune: From Casus to Regula
48:
Although some legal systems in western Europe in the
529:. 12 vols. Dordrecht–London–NY: Springer, 2006–16.
515:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2018.
190:(Santerna), written in 1488 and published in 1552.
43:
401:
623:Otto Vervaart's page of resources on Medieval law
586:, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
483:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
213:and hence formed a core of their successors, the
629:
584:European Legal History: Sources and Institutions
503:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
217:systems of modern European and other countries.
161:
40:that prevail in the vast majority of countries.
22:is the continuation and development of ancient
236:" and many elements of its specific rhetoric.
610:The History of Law in Europe: An Introduction
577:The Oxford Handbook of European Legal History
408:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
220:Roman law also had wide influence on Western
561:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
85:
493:. Archived from the original on 2008-02-07.
556:
457:The Political Thought of Baldus de Ubaldis
423:Cairns, John W; Paul J du Plessis (2010).
391:The Common Legal Past of Europe, 1000-1800
354:The Political Thought of Baldus de Ubaldis
30:. Based on the ancient text of Roman law,
594:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
459:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
429:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
60:, where its Roman legal system, based on
579:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
532:Andrea Padovani & Peter Stein, eds.
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454:
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551:. Dordrecht–London–NY: Springer, 2009.
540:. Dordrecht–London–NY: Springer, 2016.
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608:Bart Wauters & Marco De Benito.
148:, operated on Roman law principles.
13:
382:, 2017, retrieved: March 8, 2021 (
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14:
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64:, prevailed and was occasionally
575:Heikki Pihlajamaki et al., eds.
184:On Insurance and Merchants' Bets
44:Rediscovery of ancient Roman law
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337:The common legal past of Europe
140:. But it adopted the non-Roman
26:that developed in the European
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592:Roman Law in European History
380:Institute of European History
376:EGO - European History Online
311:Roman Law in European History
257:Roman Law in European History
239:
170:of the 14th century, such as
162:The era of the postglossators
114:. This text was known as the
557:Pennington, Kenneth (1993).
7:
182:was the Roman law treatise
10:
664:
86:The era of the glossators
455:Canning, Joseph (1987).
68:. That changed when the
638:Civil law legal systems
371:Roman Law and Reception
350:The Prince and the Law
172:Bartolus de Saxoferato
612:. Edward Elgar, 2017.
590:Stein, Peter (1999).
582:O.F. Robinson et al.
324:Science of Conjecture
270:Science of Conjecture
156:Roman Catholic Church
80:University of Bologna
525:Enrico Pattaro, ed.
33:Corpus iuris civilis
518:Randall Lesaffer.
253:Law and Revolution
234:constitutional law
146:Court of Admiralty
20:Medieval Roman law
436:978-0-7486-3897-0
398:Berman, Harold J.
230:constitutionalism
188:Pedro de Santarém
176:Baldus de Ubaldis
154:, the law of the
92:scholastic method
50:Early Middle Ages
38:civil law systems
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352:; Canning,
297:"Roman Law"
283:"Roman Law"
226:tyrannicide
200:ius commune
130:English law
632:Categories
547:, vol. 9:
536:, vol. 7:
447:2011-12-16
322:Franklin,
268:Franklin,
240:References
108:half-proof
98:, such as
96:glossators
643:Roman law
499:cite book
378:, Mainz:
335:Bellomo,
326:, p. 277.
259:, part 3.
215:civil law
204:Scots law
180:insurance
152:Canon law
112:Accursius
104:Accursius
24:Roman law
477:(2001).
400:(1983).
313:, p. 64.
272:, ch. 2.
251:Berman,
134:Glanvill
309:Stein,
138:Bracton
124:torture
66:updated
598:
565:
487:
463:
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76:Digest
71:Digest
596:ISBN
563:ISBN
505:link
485:ISBN
461:ISBN
431:ISBN
410:ISBN
174:and
166:The
142:jury
136:and
102:and
384:pdf
186:by
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