77:
1055:
1353:
2531:
2355:
877:
2277:
1176:
1591:
1646:
2287:
1654:
1460:), who had been brought up in Mercia, and he was immediately accepted as king, but not in Wessex until the following year. In 927 he conquered Northumbria and thus became the first king of all England. Mercia briefly regained a political existence separate from Wessex in 955–959, when Edgar became king of Mercia, and again in 1016, when
1617:, an Irish monk and one of Oswiu's missionaries, was subsequently ordained a bishop – the first to operate in Mercia. Christianity finally gained a foothold in Mercia when Oswiu supported Peada as sub-king of the Middle Angles, requiring him to marry Oswiu's daughter, Alchflaed, and to accept her religion.
2440:, asserted that the "wyvern was the standard of the Kingdom of Mercia", and that it was "a quartering in the town arms of Leicester". The symbol appeared on numerous stations and other company buildings in the region, and was worn as a silver badge by all uniformed employees. However, in 1897 the
1124:
in 653, succeeded his father as king of Mercia; Oswiu set up Peada as an under-king; but in the spring of 656 he was murdered and Oswiu assumed direct control of the whole of Mercia. A Mercian revolt in 658 threw off
Northumbrian domination and resulted in the appearance of another son of Penda,
1524:
For men of the est with men of the west, as it were undir the same partie of hevene, acordeth more in sownynge of speche than men of the north with men of the south, therfore it is that Mercii, that beeth men of myddel
Engelond, as it were parteners of the endes, understondeth better the side
1388:, ruled Mercia under the overlordship of Wessex. Alfred changed his title from 'king of the West Saxons' to 'king of the Anglo-Saxons' to reflect the acceptance of his overlordship of all southern England not under Danish rule. All coins struck in Mercia after the disappearance of Ceolwulf in
2189:
in a contemporary Mercia that may have been influenced by Hardy, whose secretary was a friend of Stoker's brother. Although 'Edwardian Mercia' never had the success of 'Victorian Wessex', it was an idea that appealed to the higher echelons of society. In 1908 Sir Oliver Lodge, Principal of
1605:
Mercian rulers remained resolutely pagan until the reign of Peada in 656, although this did not prevent them joining coalitions with
Christian Welsh rulers to resist Northumbria. The first appearance of Christianity in Mercia, however, had come at least thirty years earlier, following the
1129:, who ruled Mercia as an independent kingdom (though he apparently continued to render tribute to Northumbria for a while) until his death in 675. Wulfhere initially succeeded in restoring the power of Mercia, but the end of his reign saw a serious defeat by Northumbria. The next king,
1242:, a descendant of Pybba. Offa (reigned 757 to 796) had to build anew the hegemony which his predecessor had exercised over the southern English, and he did this so successfully that he became the greatest king Mercia had ever known. Not only did he win battles and dominate
1448:
When Æthelflæd died in 918, Ælfwynn, her daughter by Æthelred, succeeded as "Second Lady of the
Mercians", but within six months Edward had deprived her of all authority in Mercia and taken her to Wessex. Edward was succeeded as king of the Anglo-Saxons by his eldest son
2498:(c. 1136), which recounts an incident in the life of Merlin where a red dragon is seen fighting a white dragon and prevailing. The red dragon was taken to represent the Welsh and their eventual victory over the Anglo-Saxon invaders, symbolised by the white dragon.
1671:), and therefore the military obligations and perhaps taxes due, by each of the Mercian tribes and subject kingdoms by name. This hidage exists in several manuscript versions, some as late as the 14th century. It lists a number of peoples, such as the
1636:
were made in
Lichfield around 730. As in other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, the many small monasteries established by the Mercian kings allowed the political/military and ecclesiastical leadership to consolidate their unity through bonds of kinship.
2519:– all of whom have names in the Mercian dialect of Old English – was once the usual term for central England, and it would have been pronounced and written "marc" rather than the West Saxon "mearc" or the Latinized "Mercia".
2198:, welcoming a new university worthy of "...the great Province of Wessex whose higher educational needs it will supply. It will be no rival, but colleague and co-worker with this university, whose province is Mercia...".
1336:, subsequently ruled for less than two years before Egbert of Wessex drove him out of Mercia. In 830 Wiglaf regained independence for Mercia, but by this time Wessex had clearly become the dominant power in England.
1214:
in
Staffordshire. Lichfield functioned as the religious centre of Mercia. The artefacts have tentatively been dated by Svante Fischer and Jean Soulat to around AD 600–800. Whether the hoard was deposited by
1552:). The Mercian dialect is the basis of Tolkien's language of Rohan, and a number of its kings are given the same names as monarchs who appear in the Mercian royal genealogy, e.g., Fréawine, Fréaláf and
851:, who styled himself "King of the Anglo-Saxons". The kingdom had a brief period of independence in the mid-10th century and in 1016, by which time it was viewed as a province with temporary independence.
76:
2244:
Telephone directories across the
Midlands include a large number of commercial and voluntary organisations using "Mercia" in their names, and in 2012 a new football league was formed called the
1228:
2151:
modelled after their own system, cutting across traditional
Mercian divisions. These shires survived mostly intact until 1974, and even today still largely follow their original boundaries.
1613:
The conversion of Mercia to
Christianity occurred in the latter part of the 7th century, and by the time of Penda's defeat and death, Mercia was largely surrounded by Christian states.
1191:. But when Wihtred died in 725, and Ine abdicated in 726 to become a monk in Rome, Æthelbald was free to establish Mercia's hegemony over the rest of the Anglo-Saxons south of the
5031:
775:
noted that "the
Mercians stand out as by far the most successful of the various early Anglo-Saxon peoples until the later ninth century", and some historians, such as
443:
418:
404:
390:
3793:
5006:
2452:(c. 1278–1322), the most powerful lord in the Midlands, who used it as his personal crest, and was recorded in a heraldic visitation of the town in 1619.
1661:
For knowledge of the internal composition of the Kingdom of Mercia, we must rely on a document of uncertain age (possibly late 7th century), known as the
2515:, though mostly hostile, eventually helps Giles found a realm of his own, the Little Kingdom. Shippey states further that "the Mark", the land of the
958:
Although its earliest boundaries remain obscure, a general agreement persists that the territory that was called "the first of the Mercians" in the
1602:
The first kings of Mercia were pagans, and they resisted the encroachment of Christianity longer than other kingdoms in the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy.
1183:
The next important king of Mercia, Æthelbald, reigned from 716 to 757. For the first few years of his reign he had to face two strong rival kings,
1145:, son of Wulfhere; both these kings became better known for their religious activities than anything else, but the king who succeeded them in 709,
361:
4189:
1273:
would succeed him, but after Offa's death in July 796 Ecgfrith survived for only five months, and the kingdom passed to a distant relative named
3537:
2775:
2711:
2682:
4201:
1987:
A people of the Welsh border, also known as the Westerna, under Mercian control from the 7th century. Smaller folk groups within included the
2205:
has made use of several regional identities in naming larger, amalgamated formations. After the Second World War, the infantry regiments of
1101:, arose and again claimed overlordship of the south, he also suffered defeat and death at the hands of Penda and his allies – in 642 at the
3450:
3430:
836:
absorbed much of the former Mercian territory. Danelaw at its height included London, all of East Anglia and most of the North of England.
3563:
3183:
1468:
divided the English kingdom between themselves, with Cnut taking Mercia. Mercia maintained its separate identity as an earldom until the
2444:
noted that there appeared "to be no foundation that the wyvern was associated with the Kingdom of Mercia". It has been associated with
3351:
3210:
5016:
920:
2469:
of the Midland Railway was transformed into a monstrous beast, the eponymous worm of the title. The word "worm" is derived from
2179:
novels. The first of these appeared in 1874 and Hardy himself considered it the origin of the conceit of a contemporary Wessex.
2226:
1436:, which Alfred had placed under Æthelred's control. Æthelflæd and her brother continued Alfred's policy of building fortified
3306:
3230:
3126:
3090:
Stewart Lyon, The coinage of Edward the Elder, in N. J. Higham & D.H. Hill, Edward the Elder 899–924, London 2001, p. 67.
2417:
in the 11th century. It is worth noting, however, that Leofric is sometimes attributed a black, single-headed eagle instead.
2251:
1417:
After Æthelred's death in 911 Æthelflæd ruled as "Lady of the Mercians", but Alfred's successor as King of the Anglo-Saxons,
1628:), the fifth bishop to operate in Mercia. This controversial figure was given land by King Wulfhere to build a monastery at
1281:
succeeded to the Mercian kingship; he demonstrated his military prowess by his attack on and destruction of the fortress of
5036:
4962:
3589:
1788:
in the 7th century before finally coming under Mercian control (roughly corresponding to the historic riding of Lindsey in
1384:. Ceolwulf, the last king of Mercia, left with the western half, reigned until 879. From about 883 until his death in 911
813:. There has been a diocese based in the city ever since. For a brief period between 787 and 799 or 803 the diocese was an
4244:
3797:
1238:
After the murder of Æthelbald by one of his bodyguards in 757, a civil war broke out which concluded with the victory of
134:
4133:
4095:
4046:
3980:
3942:
3652:
3409:
2834:
1675:, who have now vanished, except for reminders in various placenames. The major subdivisions of Mercia were as follows:
843:, died in 879 with the kingdom appearing to have lost its political independence. Initially, it was ruled by a lord or
3703:
2401:
The silver double-headed eagle surmounted by a golden three-pronged Saxon crown has been used by several units of the
4923:
4152:
4069:
3999:
3961:
3903:
3874:
3844:
3474:
3336:
2996:
2437:
1105:. In 655, after a period of confusion in Northumbria, Penda brought 30 sub-kings to fight the new Northumbrian king
4213:
1385:
1254:
in Britain; he assumed a role in the administration of the Catholic Church in England (sponsoring the short-lived
4388:
4368:
2025:
A people of the Welsh border under Mercian control from the 7th century. Smaller folk groups within included the
801:. The religion was firmly established in the kingdom by the late 7th century. After 13 years at Repton, 669 AD,
5011:
4170:
4114:
1297:(King of Wessex from 802 to 839) grew during this period, however, and in 825 Egbert defeated the Mercian king
735:
or the "Golden Age of Mercia", having annexed or gained submissions from five of the other six kingdoms of the
319:
2913:
2511:, a story dominated by a dragon, is based on Mercia, the part of England where Tolkien grew up. This dragon,
2449:
2230:
1066:, ruled from about 626 or 633 until 655. Some of what is known about Penda comes from the hostile account of
2336:, founded by King Offa of Mercia. With the dissolution of the Abbey and the incorporation of the borough of
2554:
2340:
the device was used on the town's corporate seal and was officially recorded as the arms of the town at an
939:), and the traditional interpretation is that the kingdom originated along the frontier between the native
5026:
5021:
1557:
772:
1943:
in the 7th century before finally coming under Mercian control. Smaller folk groups within included the
4398:
4393:
4383:
4186:
2705:
2676:
2549:
2536:
2461:
2185:
1255:
1013:, a kinsman of Creoda, followed Pybba in 606; in 615, Cearl gave his daughter Cwenburga in marriage to
990:
154:
1516:, meaning "borderland". The dialect thrived between the 8th and 13th centuries and was referred to by
1324:. Beornwulf was slain while suppressing a revolt amongst the East Angles, and his successor, a former
1153:
to have been a dissolute youth who died insane. So ended the rule of the direct descendants of Penda.
4438:
4373:
3626:
2644:
2367:
2245:
1499:
1414:), and she assumed power when her husband became ill at some time in the last ten years of his life.
1028:
ruling house known to claim a direct family link with a pre-migration Continental Germanic monarchy.
4562:
4507:
3541:
3500:
2147:
After Mercia was annexed by Wessex in the early 10th century, the West Saxon rulers divided it into
4522:
4378:
4198:
3865:
2798:
2238:
2171:
landholdings as being in Mercia. The most credible source for the idea of a contemporary Mercia is
1806:
A collection of many smaller folk groups under Mercian control from the 7th century, including the
1537:
17:
2225:, Nottinghamshire, Worcestershire, and parts of Greater Manchester and the West Midlands, and the
4237:
3258:
2952:
2584:
2414:
2383:
2363:
1693:
1002:
814:
725:
585:
35:
1610:
of 628, when Penda incorporated the formerly West Saxon territories of Hwicce into his kingdom.
4355:
4270:
2972:"A Chronological description of the most flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland"
2926:
2280:
2106:
1825:
1813:
1093:
defeated and killed Edwin, who had become not only ruler of the newly unified Northumbria, but
740:
4572:
3399:
3187:
2824:
1157:
1045:
223:
4928:
3293:
2332:, meaning a gold (or yellow) saltire on a blue field. The arms were subsequently used by the
2191:
1750:
An early phase of Mercian expansion, possibly 6th century (roughly corresponding to southern
1607:
1525:
langages, northerne and southerne, than northerne and southerne understondeth either other...
1380:
took his place. In 877 the Danes seized the eastern part of Mercia, which became part of the
1377:
1098:
1054:
840:
712:
295:
1210:
gold was discovered by Terry Herbert in a field at Hammerwich, near Brownhills and close to
1130:
3640:
3298:
2491:
2089:
A disorganised region under Mercian control from the 7th century (roughly corresponding to
1541:
1341:
1278:
1216:
1106:
1102:
1014:
810:
656:
259:
127:
50:
3106:
8:
4512:
4010:
3822:
2971:
2579:
2559:
2507:
2387:
2371:
2341:
2333:
1860:
1507:
1481:
1365:
1298:
1203:
1179:
A series of maps that illustrate the increasing hegemony of Mercia during the 8th century
1134:
1090:
932:
881:
271:
117:
1246:, but also he took an active hand in administering the affairs of his kingdom, founding
4855:
4659:
4542:
4537:
4295:
4230:
4124:
Gelling, Margaret (1989). "The Early History of Western Mercia". In Bassett, S. (ed.).
4058:
3567:
3058:
2769:
2512:
2105:). It was the most northern extent of the kingdom, and at certain times was claimed by
2094:
1776:
1569:
1440:, and by 918 they had conquered the southern Danelaw in East Anglia and Danish Mercia.
1274:
1270:
1138:
1126:
1079:
944:
856:
829:
717:
436:
423:
247:
211:
106:
2696:
Stenton, F. M. (1970). "The Supremacy of the Mercian kings". In Stenton, D. M. (ed.).
4943:
4324:
4166:
4148:
4129:
4110:
4091:
4065:
4042:
4016:
3995:
3976:
3957:
3938:
3921:
3899:
3870:
3840:
3470:
3405:
3332:
3302:
3226:
3150:
3122:
3002:
2992:
2830:
2667:
Brooks, N. (1989). "The formation of the Mercian kingdom". In Bassett, Steven (ed.).
2490:
The ultimate source for the symbolism of white dragons in England would appear to be
1633:
1313:
1196:
1146:
1110:
1049:
790:
776:
752:
732:
676:
395:
283:
82:
4475:
4360:
4275:
3218:
3158:
3114:
3066:
2786:. Occasional Paper 22. University of Birmingham, Dept. of Geography. pp. 1–45.
2406:
2347:
The saltire is used as both a flag and a coat of arms. As a flag, it is flown from
2303:
2218:
2128:
1763:
1529:
1489:
1418:
1404:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1317:
1294:
1243:
1142:
994:
975:
947:
argued an alternative interpretation: that they emerged along the frontier between
848:
744:
608:
4030:
The Northumbrians and their Southern Frontier. Archaeologia Aeliana, 4th series 26
3135:
3077:
2851:
The Constitutional History of Medieval England from the English Settlement to 1485
1352:
5001:
4719:
4614:
4280:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4037:
Thacker, Alan (2005). "England in the Seventh Century". In Fouracre, Paul (ed.).
3677:
2516:
2429:
2425:
2410:
2348:
2318:
2214:
2110:
1962:
1918:
1735:
1726:
The Mercians dwelling north of the River Trent (roughly corresponding to eastern
1595:
1469:
1465:
1309:
1227:
1184:
1063:
1018:
1010:
971:
912:
818:
786:
748:
484:
199:
2071:, under Mercian control from the 7th century (roughly corresponding to northern
1686:
The Mercians dwelling south of the River Trent. Folk groups within included the
1667:– an assessment of the extent (but not the location) of land owned (reckoned in
1089:
into Mercia and did not restrain them from preaching. In 633 Penda and his ally
876:
81:
The Kingdom of Mercia (thick line) and the kingdom's greatest extent during the
4933:
4905:
4619:
3590:"'Local radio has lost a great man' - tributes made to founder of Mercia Sound"
3070:
2930:
2888:
The history of the Anglo-Saxons from the earliest period to the Norman conquest
2395:
2375:
2210:
2132:
1966:
1906:
1755:
1621:
1573:
1396:
1263:
1239:
1150:
998:
967:
924:
860:
802:
768:
721:
710:
seems to have been the location of an important royal estate. According to the
672:
664:
562:
520:
235:
179:
58:
4794:
4674:
3118:
2017:
1889:
1308:
The Battle of Ellendun proved decisive. At this point, Mercia lost control of
1199:
defeated him, but he seems to have restored his supremacy over Wessex by 757.
706:
moved around the kingdom without a fixed capital city. Early in its existence
4995:
4977:
4964:
4948:
4754:
4744:
4724:
4714:
4527:
4485:
4300:
3925:
3222:
3162:
2564:
2234:
2168:
2136:
2068:
2004:
1914:
1798:
1727:
1707:
1663:
1532:
is one of many scholars who have studied and promoted the Mercian dialect of
1188:
979:
959:
936:
544:
508:
502:
4734:
3754:
The Midland Railway: Its rise and progress: A narrative of modern enterprise
3656:
3006:
1698:
1097:, or high king, over the southern kingdoms. When another Northumbrian king,
4253:
3913:
3707:
2612:, 15th edition. (Cambridge University Press). p. 316; see also J.C. Wells,
2574:
2402:
2379:
2322:
2202:
2172:
2163:) in 1475. John Bateman, writing in 1876 or 1883, referred to contemporary
2102:
1970:
1910:
1840:
1789:
1751:
1711:
1517:
1207:
983:
928:
904:
680:
556:
526:
472:
96:
4709:
3253:
1979:
1450:
1137:
in 679, settling once and for all the long-disputed control of the former
4704:
4694:
4517:
4490:
4433:
4307:
3860:
3314:
2986:
2569:
2502:
2470:
2456:
2428:, came to have a strong association with Mercia in the 19th century. The
2217:(1948–1968). Today, "Mercia" appears in the titles of two regiments, the
2180:
1922:
1785:
1767:
1668:
1533:
1503:
1493:
1485:
1369:
1259:
1247:
1086:
1071:
952:
948:
908:
893:
703:
688:
532:
30:
This article is about the Anglo-Saxon kingdom. For the Spanish city, see
4649:
4222:
4210:
3184:"Knut's Invasion of England in 1015–16, according to the Knytlinga Saga"
2631:
2358:
Giant Mercia flag on Tamworth castle created by community groups in 2024
2276:
1175:
4880:
4865:
4828:
4811:
4764:
4759:
4664:
4634:
4604:
4567:
4552:
4470:
4448:
3343:
Shippey notes that Tolkien uses 'Mercian' forms of Anglo-Saxon, e.g., "
2222:
2098:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2046:
2042:
2008:
1945:
1808:
1731:
1373:
1082:
963:
885:
591:
538:
514:
496:
4669:
4654:
2476:
and originally referred to a dragon or serpent. "Wyvern" derives from
1590:
4895:
4890:
4875:
4840:
4784:
4769:
4749:
4729:
4679:
4644:
4629:
4624:
4532:
4443:
4345:
4256:
3794:"Leicestershire History: What is the Origin of the Leicester Wyvern?"
2544:
2484:
2477:
2445:
2337:
2291:
2119:
2059:
1958:
1894:
1703:
1629:
1325:
1211:
1169:
1168:
or as "The Paradise of Powys". Elegies written in the persona of its
1116:
The battle led to a temporary collapse of Mercian power. Penda's son
1094:
1025:
889:
844:
806:
764:
736:
684:
568:
478:
4041:. Vol. c. 500 – c. 700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1645:
4900:
4885:
4870:
4845:
4789:
4774:
4699:
4599:
4594:
4547:
4458:
4453:
4410:
4350:
4312:
4088:
The earls of Mercia: lordship and power in late Anglo-Saxon England
3357:
2784:
Anglo-Saxon Territorial Organisation: The Western Margins of Mercia
2299:
2286:
2206:
2164:
2050:
2030:
1992:
1688:
1585:
1581:
1302:
1219:
or Christians remains unclear, as does the purpose of the deposit.
1165:
1161:
1075:
1041:
771:
was created as the boundary between Mercia and the Welsh kingdoms.
692:
490:
3869:(Third ed.). Grafton (HarperCollins). pp. 111, 139–140.
3313:
For more on Tolkien's "translation" of the language of Rohan into
1553:
1195:. Æthelbald suffered a setback in 752, when the West Saxons under
4938:
4860:
4850:
4557:
4428:
4423:
3345:
2465:, explicitly set in Mercia (see above), the Mercian white wyvern
2310:
2254:, a commercial radio station, was originally launched in 1980 as
2195:
2038:
1950:
1884:
1876:
1759:
1381:
1361:
1286:
1282:
897:
833:
825:
696:
464:
144:
4020:
3818:
2914:
The Typochronology of Sword Pommels from the Staffordshire Hoard
1511:
923:
later than the other kingdoms. Archaeological surveys show that
728:. It was there where he was crowned and spent many a Christmas.
4779:
4739:
4689:
4582:
4577:
4502:
4480:
4329:
4290:
2589:
2421:
2326:
2176:
2140:
2131:
in the 8th century, including London (roughly corresponding to
2000:
1940:
1931:
1831:
1672:
1433:
1429:
1290:
1192:
1121:
916:
852:
798:
780:
760:
756:
707:
550:
409:
100:
31:
2733:
2354:
1395:
were in the name of the West Saxon king. Æthelred had married
1356:
The Five Boroughs and English Mercia in the early 10th century
824:
At the end of the 9th century, following the invasions of the
4816:
4806:
4684:
4317:
2391:
2366:, the "ancient capital of Mercia". It was also flown outside
2313:
as a symbol of Mercia may have been in use since the time of
2298:
There is no authentic indigenous Mercian heraldic device, as
2148:
1902:
1653:
1614:
1117:
1037:
1006:
940:
794:
577:
357:
309:
3954:
Talking for Britain: A Journey Through the Nation's Dialects
2505:
has suggested that the Middle Kingdom in J. R. R. Tolkien's
2378:
in London. The cross has been incorporated into a number of
919:. Mercia developed an effective political structure and was
617:
4609:
3445:
3425:
2314:
1577:
1461:
1437:
1251:
1067:
647:
644:
635:
626:
623:
2405:
as a heraldic device for Mercia since 1958, including the
2362:
The flag also appears on street signs welcoming people to
892:
in July 2009, is perhaps the most important collection of
632:
620:
27:
One of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy (527–918)
3627:"Photo-gallery: Saxon trail across Mercian Staffordshire"
2890:, Volume 1 (Philadelphia: Carey & Hart, 1841), p. 267
2868:
2483:, also meaning serpent, and is etymologically related to
1332:(reigned 826–827), met the same fate. Another ealdorman,
3107:"Æthelflæd (Ethelfleda) (d. 918), ruler of the Mercians"
2799:"Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons - Iclingas & Mercians"
2241:, which changed its name to West Mercia Police in 2009.
2351:, the ancient seat of the Mercian Kings, to this day.
2237:, Shropshire and Worcestershire were combined into the
1262:
as an equal. Offa is credited with the construction of
1113:, in which Penda in turn lost the battle and his life.
1021:, whom he had sheltered while he was an exiled prince.
3519:
2618:
Oxford Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English
1376:. The Danes drove Burgred from his kingdom in 874 and
3653:"Civic heraldry of England and Wales – Hertdordshire"
2436:(legless) as its crest, having inherited it from the
2374:
was on display in the city before being taken to the
1058:
Mercia and the main Anglo-Saxon kingdoms at about 600
1001:. Coming to power around 584, he built a fortress at
641:
3834:
3151:"Æthelstan (Athelstan) (893/4–939), king of England"
2526:
2269:
1620:
Decisive steps to Christianise Mercia were taken by
1266:, which marked the border between Wales and Mercia.
1070:, who disliked him – both as an enemy to Bede's own
3639:College of Arms Ms. L.14, dating from the reign of
2302:did not develop in any recognizable form until the
1222:
614:
611:
4060:Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England
4057:
2317:. By the 13th century, the saltire had become the
1031:
779:, believe the unification of England south of the
691:and its tributaries, in a region now known as the
5032:States and territories disestablished in the 910s
3896:The Great Landowners of Great Britain and Ireland
3621:
3619:
3059:"Ceolwulf II (fl. 874–879), king of the Mercians"
2916:, The Staffordshire Hoard Symposium (March 2010).
2154:
1078:. However, Bede admits that Penda freely allowed
1005:which became the seat of Mercia's kings. His son
821:, is the 99th since the diocese was established.
809:and, in 691 AD, the Diocese of Mercia became the
793:was founded in this year, with the first bishop (
4993:
3989:
3028:
1160:in 716 the Mercians conquered the region around
3912:
3525:
2988:Kings and kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England
2394:. It was recognised as the Mercian flag by the
2221:, founded in 2007, which recruits in Cheshire,
1939:Once a kingdom in its own right, disputed with
1784:Once a kingdom in its own right, disputed with
855:conquered and united all the kingdoms into the
5007:States and territories established in the 520s
4055:
3616:
3489:
3019:Zaluckyj & Feryok, "Decline", pp. 238–239.
2723:
2721:
1536:and introduced various Mercian terms into his
1250:and overseeing the first major issues of gold
989:The earliest person named in any records as a
731:For 300 years (between 600 and 900), known as
720:deposed the King of Mercia. Slightly earlier,
4238:
3100:
3098:
3096:
2754:Anglo-Saxon myths: state and church, 400–1066
903:Mercia's exact evolution at the start of the
4027:
3469:. HarperCollins. pp. 172–174, 181–182.
3451:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
3431:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
3385:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
2739:
1269:Offa exerted himself to ensure that his son
1024:The Mercian kings were the only Anglo-Saxon
4105:Brown, Michelle; Farr, Carol, eds. (2005).
3970:
3401:The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare
2874:
2718:
2450:Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster and Leicester
1277:in December 796. In 821 Coenwulf's brother
4245:
4231:
4008:
3990:Falkus, Malcolm; Gillingham, John (1989).
3610:
3566:. The Football Association. Archived from
3104:
3093:
2774:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2710:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2681:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2159:The term "midlands" is first recorded (as
997:, said to have been the great-grandson of
805:(the fifth bishop) moved the bishopric to
789:converted to Christianity around 656. The
783:estuary was achieved during Offa's reign.
75:
4252:
4199:Recensions of manuscripts of the "Hidage"
4104:
3973:The Cambridge History of Welsh Literature
1640:
931:by the 6th century. The name "Mercia" is
759:), Mercia dominated England south of the
716:, it was from Repton in 873–874 that the
341:• Annexed by the Kingdom of England
4107:Mercia: An Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in Europe
3678:Flag Institute: Mercia, St Alban's Cross
3564:"The Sportsjam Regional Football League"
3464:
3397:
3208:
2974:. London: George Bishop and John Norton.
2353:
2285:
2275:
1652:
1644:
1589:
1351:
1301:(who had overthrown Ceolwulf in 823) at
1258:, 787 to 799), and even negotiated with
1226:
1174:
1053:
875:
4126:The Origins of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
4123:
4056:Zaluckyj, Sarah; Feryok, Marge (2001).
4036:
3893:
3859:
3514:
3508:
3326:
3290:
3215:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3155:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3111:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3063:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
3047:, Oxford University Press, 1971, p. 254
2862:
2727:
2695:
1443:
1347:
1120:, who had converted to Christianity at
943:and the Anglo-Saxon invaders. However,
14:
4994:
4459:Bilmingas (part of south Lincolnshire)
4160:
4142:
4085:
3971:Evans, Geraint; Fulton, Helen (2019).
3254:"Mercia | historical kingdom, England"
3056:
2969:
2951:
2666:
2252:Hits Radio Coventry & Warwickshire
2227:Royal Mercian and Lancastrian Yeomanry
1475:
1156:At some point before the accession of
907:era remains more obscure than that of
4226:
3951:
3691:Head-dress Badges of the British Army
3655:. civicheraldry.co.uk. Archived from
3540:. Shropshire Archives. Archived from
3279:
3273:
2984:
2829:. BookSurge Publishing. p. 135.
2822:
2781:
2432:, which used a white (silver) wyvern
3935:Railway Heraldry: and other insignia
3148:
3032:
2759:
2501:The philologist and Tolkien scholar
4009:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909).
3937:. Newton Abbot: David and Charles.
3932:
3837:The History of the Kings of Britain
3763:
3736:Civic Heraldry of England and Wales
3693:, Vol. 2, reprinted, Uckfield, 2006
3331:. HarperCollins. pp. 139–140.
3211:"Ælfgar, earl of Mercia (d. 1062?)"
2927:"Huge Anglo-Saxon gold hoard found"
2919:
2899:Leahy, Kevin; Bland, Roger (2009).
2796:
2669:The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms
2496:The History of the Kings of Britain
2041:(roughly corresponding to northern
1706:(roughly corresponding to southern
1563:
24:
4079:
4039:The New Cambridge Medieval History
3704:"Heraldry of the world - Coventry"
2959:. London: Penguin. pp. 65–66.
2751:
2698:Preparatory to Anglo-Saxon England
1372:. In 868 Danish invaders occupied
663:, "kingdom of the border people";
25:
5048:
4924:Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain
4180:
4163:Mercia and the Origins of England
3592:. Coventry Telegraph. 25 May 2016
2912:Svante Fischer and Jean Soulat,
2608:Roach & Hartman, eds. (1997)
2438:Leicester and Swannington Railway
2270:Symbolism and attributed heraldry
2229:, founded in 1992 as part of the
4187:Mercian History: History Project
4145:Mercia and the Making of England
4015:. London: T.C. & E.C. Jack.
3825:(loc.gov). Retrieved 2016-09-16.
3444:
3424:
3382:
3186:. De Re Militari. Archived from
2903:, British Museum Press, pp. 4, 6
2614:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
2529:
2246:Mercian Regional Football League
2233:. In 1967, the police forces of
1540:– especially in relation to the
1403:870 – 12 June 918), daughter of
1223:Reign of Offa and rise of Wessex
1172:record the sorrow at this loss.
871:
607:
441:
416:
402:
388:
3853:
3828:
3812:
3786:
3774:
3722:
3696:
3683:
3671:
3645:
3633:
3604:
3582:
3556:
3530:
3494:
3483:
3458:
3438:
3418:
3391:
3376:
3320:
3284:
3246:
3202:
3176:
3142:
3084:
3050:
3037:
3022:
3013:
2978:
2963:
2945:
2906:
2893:
2880:
2856:
2843:
2826:Ancestral Secrets of Knighthood
1455:
1423:
1409:
1032:Penda and the Mercian Supremacy
927:settled the lands north of the
5017:Peoples of Anglo-Saxon England
3975:. Cambridge University Press.
3898:. Leicester University Press.
3769:History of The Midland Railway
3730:Civic & Corporate Heraldry
3387:. pp. Book 3, chapter 21.
3029:Falkus & Gillingham (1989)
2991:. London: Seaby. p. 122.
2816:
2790:
2745:
2689:
2660:
2648:(3rd ed.). September 2001
2623:
2610:English Pronouncing Dictionary
2602:
2321:of the Kingdom of Mercia. The
2194:, wrote to his counterpart at
2155:Modern uses of the name Mercia
2082:Land Between Ribble and Mersey
2067:An isolated folk group of the
1386:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
1133:, defeated Northumbria in the
13:
1:
4023:– via Internet Archive.
3835:Geoffrey of Monmouth (1973).
3821:(1st ed). LC Online Catalog.
3526:Cottle & Sherborne (1951)
3297:. Houghton-Mifflin. pp.
2595:
1632:. Evidence suggests that the
1400:
1389:
1364:came to the throne, and with
189:
170:
94:Independent kingdom (527–879)
4028:Hunter Blair, Peter (1948).
4012:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
3819:"The lair of the white worm"
3752:Frederick Smeeton Williams,
3689:A.L. Kipling and H.L. King,
3490:Zaluckyj & Feryok (2001)
3136:UK public library membership
3078:UK public library membership
2823:Starr, Brian Daniel (2007).
2762:Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England
2555:List of Anglo-Saxon Mercians
2382:of Mercian towns, including
1141:. Æthelred was succeeded by
671:) was one of the three main
7:
5037:Former monarchies of Europe
4090:. Oxford University Press.
3992:Historical Atlas of Britain
3738:, 2nd edition, London, 1953
3327:Shippey, Prof. Tom (2005).
3317:, see especially page 1136.
3217:. Oxford University Press.
3157:. Oxford University Press.
3113:. Oxford University Press.
3105:Costambeys, Marios (2004).
3065:. Oxford University Press.
2522:
1558:List of kings of the Angles
1231:A mention of Mercia in the
951:and the inhabitants of the
884:, discovered in a field in
10:
5053:
4886:Sumortūnsǣte and Glestinga
3916:; Sherborne, J.W. (1951).
3887:
3465:Fletcher, Richard (1997).
3404:. Routledge. p. 137.
3291:Tolkien, J. R. R. (2005).
2550:List of monarchs of Mercia
2537:Anglo-Saxon England portal
2462:The Lair of the White Worm
2186:The Lair of the White Worm
2003:(roughly corresponding to
1961:(roughly corresponding to
1905:(roughly corresponding to
1567:
1479:
1256:archbishopric of Lichfield
1035:
866:
847:under the overlordship of
29:
4916:
4409:
4338:
4263:
3920:. University of Bristol.
3746:Cuthbert Hamilton Ellis,
3629:. BBC News. 7 April 2011.
3503:Oxford English Dictionary
2700:. Oxford. pp. 48–66.
2671:. Leicester. p. 159.
2645:Oxford English Dictionary
2409:. It is derived from the
1544:, otherwise known as the
1149:, is said in a letter of
935:for "boundary folk" (see
457:
367:
353:
349:
339:
329:
325:
315:
305:
301:
289:
277:
265:
253:
241:
229:
217:
205:
186:
167:
163:
153:
143:
123:
113:
90:
74:
69:
45:
4216:2 September 2012 at the
4086:Baxter, Stephen (2007).
3918:The Life of a University
3866:The Road to Middle-Earth
3767:Clement Edwin Stretton,
3706:. ngw.nl. Archived from
3467:The Conversion of Europe
3329:The Road to Middle Earth
2970:Camden, William (1610).
2368:Birmingham Council House
2239:West Mercia Constabulary
1164:, known to the Welsh as
859:. The kingdom became an
839:The final Mercian king,
687:. It was centred on the
4211:The Staffordshire Hoard
4161:Walker, Ian W. (2000).
4143:Walker, Ian W. (2000).
3742:The Book of Public Arms
3259:Encyclopedia Britannica
2985:Yorke, Barbara (1990).
2901:The Staffordshire Hoard
2875:Evans & Fulton 2019
2585:Tamworth, Staffordshire
2415:Leofric, Earl of Mercia
1512:
1498:The name 'Mercia' is a
1062:The next Mercian king,
724:seems to have favoured
675:kingdoms founded after
660:
114:Official languages
54:
36:Mercia (disambiguation)
3894:Bateman, John (1971).
3398:Bradbury, Jim (2004).
3209:Williams, Ann (2004).
3071:10.1093/ref:odnb/39145
2803:www.historyfiles.co.uk
2370:during 2009 while the
2359:
2295:
2283:
2213:were organised in the
1658:
1650:
1649:Subdivisions of Mercia
1641:Subdivisions of Mercia
1624:(Latinised by Bede as
1599:
1527:
1506:word derived from the
1357:
1235:
1180:
1059:
1009:succeeded him in 593.
962:covered much of south
900:
817:. The current bishop,
668:
62:
34:. For other uses, see
5012:918 disestablishments
4929:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
4538:Nox-gaga and Oht-gaga
4204:14 April 2004 at the
3952:Elmes, Simon (2005).
3454:. Book 3, chapter 24.
3434:. Book 3, chapter 21.
3294:The Lord of the Rings
3119:10.1093/ref:odnb/8907
3057:Miller, Sean (2004).
2782:Hooke, Della (1986).
2357:
2289:
2279:
2192:Birmingham University
1656:
1648:
1608:Battle of Cirencester
1593:
1548:(a name cognate with
1522:
1355:
1233:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1230:
1178:
1057:
879:
713:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
683:in an era called the
4573:Frithuwald's Sūþrīge
4192:21 June 2007 at the
4128:. pp. 184–201.
3933:Dow, George (1973).
3781:The Railway Magazine
3759:The Railway Magazine
3223:10.1093/ref:odnb/178
3190:on 26 September 2011
3163:10.1093/ref:odnb/833
3149:Foot, Sarah (2011).
2849:Jolliffe, J. E. A.
2492:Geoffrey of Monmouth
2209:, Staffordshire and
1444:Loss of independence
1348:Arrival of the Danes
1320:, and possibly also
1103:Battle of Maserfield
1091:Cadwallon of Gwynedd
811:Diocese of Lichfield
131:(before 7th century)
4974: /
3823:Library of Congress
3748:The Midland Railway
3570:on 26 November 2015
3373:" Footnote page 140
3045:Anglo-Saxon England
2933:. 24 September 2009
2742:, pp. 119–121.
2580:Staffordshire Hoard
2560:Mercian Old English
2508:Farmer Giles of Ham
2494:'s fictional work,
2372:Staffordshire Hoard
2342:heraldic visitation
2330:Azure, a saltire Or
2183:set his 1911 novel
1657:Mercian monasteries
1520:, writing in 1387:
1508:Mercian Old English
1482:Mercian Old English
1476:Mercian Old English
1428:), took control of
1366:Ethelwulf of Wessex
1289:. The power of the
1204:Staffordshire Hoard
1170:dispossessed rulers
1135:Battle of the Trent
1046:Æthelbald of Mercia
933:Mercian Old English
882:Staffordshire Hoard
331:• Established
320:Anglo-Saxon England
138:(after 7th century)
118:Mercian Old English
5027:527 establishments
5022:Regions of England
4365:Lists of monarchs
4159:Also published as
4032:. pp. 98–126.
3740:A. C. Fox-Davies,
3734:C. W. Scot-Giles,
3659:on 16 October 2008
2957:A History of Wales
2764:. Oxford. map 136.
2752:Brooks, Nicholas.
2616:and Upton et al.,
2448:since the time of
2360:
2334:Abbey of St Albans
2296:
2284:
2095:Greater Manchester
1659:
1651:
1600:
1570:Religion in Mercia
1358:
1344:succeeded Wiglaf.
1271:Ecgfrith of Mercia
1236:
1217:Anglo-Saxon pagans
1202:In July 2009, the
1181:
1139:kingdom of Lindsey
1060:
953:Trent river valley
945:Peter Hunter Blair
901:
857:Kingdom of England
830:Great Heathen Army
718:Great Heathen Army
437:Kingdom of England
424:Kingdom of Lindsey
4957:
4956:
4944:Mercian Supremacy
4454:Spalda (Spalding)
3800:on 26 August 2019
3728:Geoffrey Briggs,
3611:Fox-Davies (1909)
3544:on 1 October 2020
3308:978-0-618-64561-9
3232:978-0-19-861412-8
3134:(subscription or
3128:978-0-19-861412-8
3076:(subscription or
2853:London 1961 p. 32
2760:Hill, D. (1981).
2740:Hunter Blair 1948
2706:cite encyclopedia
2677:cite encyclopedia
2281:Cross of St Alban
2258:, later becoming
1634:Lichfield Gospels
1111:Battle of Winwaed
1050:Mercian Supremacy
896:objects found in
791:Diocese of Mercia
777:Sir Frank Stenton
733:Mercian Supremacy
677:Sub-Roman Britain
600:
599:
453:
452:
449:
448:
429:
428:
396:Sub-Roman Britain
291:• 874-c.879
83:Mercian Supremacy
47:Kingdom of Mercia
16:(Redirected from
5044:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4361:Wiglaf of Mercia
4247:
4240:
4233:
4224:
4223:
4176:
4158:
4139:
4120:
4101:
4075:
4063:
4052:
4033:
4024:
4005:
3986:
3967:
3948:
3929:
3909:
3881:
3880:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3832:
3826:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3796:. Archived from
3790:
3784:
3783:, Vol. 102, 1897
3778:
3772:
3761:, Vol. 102, 1897
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3649:
3643:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3538:"Police Records"
3534:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3498:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3380:
3374:
3361:for 'standard'
3342:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3288:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3132:
3102:
3091:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2923:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2897:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2779:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2716:
2715:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2672:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2627:
2621:
2606:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2442:Railway Magazine
2407:Mercian Regiment
2304:High Middle Ages
2231:Territorial Army
2219:Mercian Regiment
2127:Taken over from
1764:Northamptonshire
1564:Mercian religion
1542:Kingdom of Rohan
1530:J. R. R. Tolkien
1515:
1490:Anglic languages
1459:
1457:
1427:
1425:
1419:Edward the Elder
1413:
1411:
1405:Alfred the Great
1402:
1394:
1391:
1244:Southern England
976:Northamptonshire
849:Alfred the Great
763:estuary. During
669:Merciorum regnum
654:
653:
650:
649:
646:
643:
638:
637:
634:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
445:
444:
433:
432:
420:
419:
406:
405:
392:
391:
385:
384:
369:
368:
194:
191:
175:
172:
139:
132:
105:Client state of
79:
63:Merciorum regnum
43:
42:
21:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5041:
4992:
4991:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4953:
4912:
4405:
4334:
4259:
4251:
4218:Wayback Machine
4206:Wayback Machine
4194:Wayback Machine
4183:
4173:
4155:
4136:
4117:
4098:
4082:
4080:Further reading
4072:
4049:
4002:
3983:
3964:
3945:
3906:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3833:
3829:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3779:
3775:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3710:on 28 June 2008
3702:
3701:
3697:
3688:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3617:
3613:, pp. 1–18
3609:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3463:
3459:
3443:
3439:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3396:
3392:
3381:
3377:
3339:
3325:
3321:
3309:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3129:
3103:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3055:
3051:
3043:Frank Stenton,
3042:
3038:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
2999:
2983:
2979:
2968:
2964:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2911:
2907:
2898:
2894:
2886:Sharon Turner,
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2795:
2791:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2726:
2719:
2703:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2674:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2517:Riders of Rohan
2430:Midland Railway
2411:attributed arms
2349:Tamworth Castle
2319:attributed arms
2272:
2215:Mercian Brigade
2161:mydlonde-shiris
2157:
1963:Gloucestershire
1919:Buckinghamshire
1736:Nottinghamshire
1643:
1596:Lichfield Angel
1588:
1568:Main articles:
1566:
1496:
1480:Main articles:
1478:
1470:Norman Conquest
1466:Edmund Ironside
1454:
1446:
1422:
1408:
1392:
1350:
1225:
1185:Wihtred of Kent
1052:
1036:Main articles:
1034:
972:Nottinghamshire
874:
869:
819:Michael Ipgrave
773:Nicholas Brooks
679:was settled by
640:
631:
610:
606:
596:
581:
580:
573:
485:Buckinghamshire
468:
467:
442:
417:
403:
389:
360:
342:
332:
292:
280:
279:• 852–874
268:
267:• 823–826
256:
255:• 821–823
244:
243:• 796–821
232:
231:• 757–796
220:
219:• 716–757
208:
207:• 658–675
196:
192:
176:
173:
137:
133:
130:
104:
95:
86:
85:(green shading)
65:
57:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5050:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4934:Burghal Hidage
4931:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4833:
4832:
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4820:
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4814:
4809:
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4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
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4565:
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4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4250:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4208:
4196:
4182:
4181:External links
4179:
4178:
4177:
4171:
4153:
4140:
4135:978-0718513177
4134:
4121:
4115:
4102:
4097:978-0199230983
4096:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4053:
4048:978-0521362917
4047:
4034:
4025:
4006:
4000:
3994:. Kingfisher.
3987:
3982:978-1107106765
3981:
3968:
3962:
3949:
3944:978-0715358962
3943:
3930:
3910:
3904:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3852:
3845:
3827:
3811:
3785:
3773:
3721:
3695:
3682:
3670:
3644:
3632:
3615:
3603:
3581:
3555:
3529:
3518:
3515:Bateman (1971)
3507:
3493:
3482:
3475:
3457:
3437:
3417:
3411:978-0415221269
3410:
3390:
3375:
3337:
3319:
3307:
3283:
3272:
3245:
3231:
3201:
3175:
3141:
3127:
3092:
3083:
3049:
3036:
3031:, p. 52;
3021:
3012:
2997:
2977:
2962:
2944:
2931:News.bbc.co.uk
2918:
2905:
2892:
2879:
2867:
2863:Thacker (2005)
2855:
2842:
2836:978-1419680120
2835:
2815:
2797:Kessler, P L.
2789:
2744:
2732:
2728:Thacker (2005)
2717:
2688:
2659:
2622:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2524:
2521:
2459:'s 1911 novel
2396:Flag Institute
2376:British Museum
2271:
2268:
2211:Worcestershire
2156:
2153:
2145:
2144:
2133:Greater London
2124:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2012:
1984:
1983:
1975:
1974:
1967:Worcestershire
1936:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1907:Cambridgeshire
1803:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1756:Leicestershire
1747:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1723:
1722:
1720:North Mercians
1716:
1715:
1683:
1682:
1680:South Mercians
1642:
1639:
1574:Chad of Mercia
1565:
1562:
1477:
1474:
1458: 924–939
1445:
1442:
1426: 899–924
1412: 871–899
1349:
1346:
1224:
1221:
1151:Saint Boniface
1033:
1030:
991:king of Mercia
968:Leicestershire
873:
870:
868:
865:
598:
597:
595:
594:
588:
576:
575:
574:
572:
571:
565:
563:Worcestershire
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
529:
523:
521:Leicestershire
517:
511:
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499:
493:
487:
481:
475:
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407:
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393:
381:
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365:
364:
355:
351:
350:
347:
346:
343:
340:
337:
336:
333:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
317:
316:Historical era
313:
312:
307:
303:
302:
299:
298:
293:
290:
287:
286:
281:
278:
275:
274:
269:
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197:
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177:
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125:
121:
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115:
111:
110:
92:
88:
87:
80:
72:
71:
67:
66:
49:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5049:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4990:
4987:
4950:
4949:Tribal Hidage
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4822:
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4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4755:Southumbrians
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4715:Middle Angles
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Andredes Leag
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4528:Middle Saxons
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
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4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4174:
4168:
4164:
4156:
4154:0-7509-2131-5
4150:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4073:
4071:1-873827-62-8
4067:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4007:
4003:
4001:0-86272-295-0
3997:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3963:0-14-051562-3
3959:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3914:Cottle, Basil
3911:
3907:
3905:0-391-00157-4
3901:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3878:
3876:9780261102750
3872:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3848:
3846:9780140441703
3842:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3744:, London 1915
3743:
3737:
3732:, London 1971
3731:
3725:
3709:
3705:
3699:
3692:
3686:
3679:
3674:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3642:
3636:
3628:
3622:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3591:
3585:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3491:
3486:
3478:
3476:0-00-255203-5
3472:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3338:0-261-10275-3
3334:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3287:
3281:
3276:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3087:
3079:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3016:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2998:1-85264-027-8
2994:
2990:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2915:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2889:
2883:
2877:, p. 41.
2876:
2871:
2865:, p. 465
2864:
2859:
2852:
2846:
2838:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2819:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2730:, p. 466
2729:
2724:
2722:
2713:
2707:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2678:
2670:
2663:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:Mercian Trail
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2527:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2380:coats of arms
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:Herefordshire
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2169:Staffordshire
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2137:Hertfordshire
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:Middle Saxons
2117:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2101:south of the
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:Peak District
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:and southern
2006:
2005:Herefordshire
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:and southern
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1921:and southern
1920:
1916:
1915:Hertfordshire
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:Middle Angles
1796:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1728:Staffordshire
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1710:and northern
1709:
1708:Staffordshire
1705:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1664:Tribal Hidage
1655:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1398:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:Ine of Wessex
1186:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
987:
985:
982:and northern
981:
980:Staffordshire
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
960:Tribal Hidage
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:Welsh Marches
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:Christianised
918:
914:
910:
906:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
878:
872:Early history
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
815:archbishopric
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:
709:
705:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
652:
604:
593:
589:
587:
583:
582:
579:
570:
566:
564:
560:
558:
554:
552:
548:
546:
545:Staffordshire
542:
540:
536:
534:
530:
528:
524:
522:
518:
516:
512:
510:
509:Hertfordshire
506:
504:
503:Herefordshire
500:
498:
494:
492:
488:
486:
482:
480:
476:
474:
470:
469:
466:
460:
458:Today part of
456:
440:
438:
435:
434:
431:
425:
422:
415:
414:
411:
408:
401:
400:
397:
394:
387:
386:
383:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
366:
363:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
338:
334:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
308:
304:
300:
297:
294:
288:
285:
282:
276:
273:
270:
264:
261:
258:
252:
249:
246:
240:
237:
234:
228:
225:
222:
216:
213:
210:
204:
201:
198:
185:
181:
178:
166:
162:
158:
156:
152:
148:
146:
142:
136:
129:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
102:
98:
93:
89:
84:
78:
73:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4978:52.6°N 1.6°W
4959:
4835:
4823:
4802:Northumbria:
4801:
4745:South Engele
4639:
4615:Ceasterware
4589:
4508:Godhelmingas
4497:
4465:
4419:East Anglia:
4418:
4301:Middel Seaxe
4285:
4162:
4144:
4125:
4106:
4087:
4064:. Logaston.
4059:
4038:
4029:
4011:
3991:
3972:
3953:
3934:
3917:
3895:
3864:
3861:Shippey, Tom
3855:
3836:
3830:
3814:
3802:. Retrieved
3798:the original
3788:
3780:
3776:
3768:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3712:. Retrieved
3708:the original
3698:
3690:
3685:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3657:the original
3647:
3635:
3606:
3594:. Retrieved
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3568:the original
3558:
3546:. Retrieved
3542:the original
3532:
3521:
3510:
3502:
3496:
3485:
3466:
3460:
3449:
3440:
3429:
3420:
3400:
3393:
3384:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3328:
3322:
3292:
3286:
3280:Elmes (2005)
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3257:
3248:
3238:26 September
3236:. Retrieved
3214:
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3188:the original
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3154:
3144:
3110:
3086:
3062:
3052:
3044:
3039:
3024:
3015:
2987:
2980:
2965:
2956:
2953:Davies, John
2947:
2937:24 September
2935:. Retrieved
2921:
2908:
2900:
2895:
2887:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2825:
2818:
2808:25 September
2806:. Retrieved
2802:
2792:
2783:
2761:
2753:
2747:
2735:
2697:
2691:
2668:
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2643:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2575:Repton Abbey
2513:Chrysophylax
2506:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2441:
2433:
2424:, a type of
2419:
2403:British Army
2400:
2361:
2346:
2329:
2308:
2297:
2294:City Council
2273:
2263:
2259:
2256:Mercia Sound
2255:
2250:
2243:
2203:British Army
2200:
2184:
2173:Thomas Hardy
2160:
2158:
2146:
2118:
2103:River Ribble
2080:
2058:
2034:
2026:
2016:
1996:
1988:
1978:
1971:Warwickshire
1954:
1944:
1930:
1911:Bedfordshire
1898:
1888:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1841:Peterborough
1836:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1790:Lincolnshire
1775:
1752:Lincolnshire
1744:Outer Mercia
1743:
1719:
1712:Warwickshire
1697:
1687:
1679:
1662:
1660:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1604:
1601:
1549:
1545:
1528:
1523:
1518:John Trevisa
1500:Latinisation
1497:
1447:
1416:
1359:
1337:
1307:
1268:
1248:market towns
1237:
1232:
1201:
1182:
1155:
1115:
1083:missionaries
1061:
1023:
988:
984:Warwickshire
957:
929:River Thames
902:
863:until 1071.
838:
823:
785:
767:'s reign, a
730:
711:
701:
681:Anglo-Saxons
661:Miercna rīċe
602:
601:
586:Denbighshire
557:Warwickshire
527:Lincolnshire
473:Bedfordshire
378:Succeeded by
377:
372:
135:Christianity
97:Client state
55:Miercna rīċe
40:
4981: /
4795:Wreocensæte
4720:North Engle
4705:Lindisfaras
4675:Cilternsæte
4635:Modingahema
4389:Northumbria
4369:East Anglia
4308:Northumbria
4271:East Anglia
4254:Anglo-Saxon
3956:. Penguin.
3839:. Penguin.
3574:26 November
3501:"Midland",
3315:Old English
3265:28 December
3033:Hill (1981)
2570:Old English
2503:Tom Shippey
2471:Old English
2457:Bram Stoker
2262:, and then
2181:Bram Stoker
2107:Northumbria
2018:Wreocansæte
1923:Oxfordshire
1890:Cilternsæte
1837:South Gyrwe
1786:Northumbria
1768:Oxfordshire
1538:legendarium
1534:Old English
1504:Old English
1494:AB language
1486:Old English
1407:of Wessex (
1378:Ceolwulf II
1370:North Wales
1368:subjugated
1291:West Saxons
1264:Offa's Dyke
1260:Charlemagne
1208:Anglo-Saxon
1087:Lindisfarne
1072:Northumbria
949:Northumbria
909:Northumbria
905:Anglo-Saxon
894:Anglo-Saxon
841:Ceolwulf II
797:) based at
741:East Anglia
704:royal court
689:River Trent
657:Old English
533:Oxfordshire
373:Preceded by
306:Legislature
296:Ceolwulf II
169:• 527–
51:Old English
4996:Categories
4983:52.6; -1.6
4881:Sumorsaete
4866:Glastening
4851:Brycgstowl
4829:Haestingas
4812:Beodarsæte
4765:Stoppingas
4760:Spaldingas
4735:Pencersæte
4680:Duddensæte
4665:Beormingas
4660:Banesbyrig
4595:Andredsley
4568:Pæding-tun
4553:Waeclingas
4513:Haueringas
4486:Caningaege
4481:Daenningas
4471:Brahhingas
4444:Herstingas
4356:Frithuwald
4172:0750921315
4165:. Sutton.
4147:. Sutton.
4116:0826477658
3764:Dow (1973)
3663:15 January
3194:17 October
2632:"Mercian,
2596:References
2223:Derbyshire
2099:Lancashire
2091:Merseyside
2073:Derbyshire
2047:Flintshire
2043:Shropshire
2009:Shropshire
1946:Stoppingas
1869:Hurstingas
1857:East Wille
1853:West Wille
1849:East Wixna
1845:West Wixna
1822:Wideringas
1809:Spaldingas
1732:Derbyshire
1699:Pencersæte
1393: 879
1374:Nottingham
1342:Beorhtwulf
1017:, king of
964:Derbyshire
915:, or even
886:Hammerwich
828:and their
803:Saint Chad
787:King Peada
592:Flintshire
539:Shropshire
515:Lancashire
497:Derbyshire
193: 626
174: 535
145:Demonym(s)
4896:Wiltsaete
4891:Sunningas
4876:Rēadingas
4856:Dornsaete
4841:Eorlingas
4807:Elmetsæte
4785:Weorgoran
4770:Sweordora
4750:Snotingas
4740:Reagesate
4710:Magonsæte
4695:Glestinga
4630:Limenwara
4620:Eastorege
4563:Woccingas
4518:Hroðingas
4503:Gillingas
4346:Bretwalda
4257:heptarchy
3926:490908616
3863:(2005) .
3641:Henry III
3371:Heorugrim
3299:1133–1138
3168:28 August
3138:required)
3080:required)
2955:(2007) .
2770:cite book
2652:3 October
2545:Lichfield
2478:Old Saxon
2467:sans legs
2446:Leicester
2434:sans legs
2398:in 2014.
2344:in 1634.
2338:St Albans
2315:King Offa
2292:St Albans
2260:Mercia FM
1989:Temersæte
1980:Magonsæte
1959:Droitwich
1899:Feppingas
1895:Chilterns
1865:Sweordora
1818:Bilmingas
1704:Penkridge
1630:Lichfield
1472:in 1066.
1451:Æthelstan
1397:Æthelflæd
1326:ealdorman
1299:Beornwulf
1212:Lichfield
1158:Æthelbald
1095:bretwalda
1080:Christian
1074:and as a
1026:Heptarchy
890:Lichfield
845:ealdorman
807:Lichfield
765:King Offa
737:Heptarchy
722:King Offa
685:Heptarchy
569:Yorkshire
479:Berkshire
272:Beornwulf
224:Æthelbald
124:Religion
109:(886–918)
103:(879–886)
4917:See also
4901:Wihtwara
4871:Meonwara
4846:Basingas
4790:Westerne
4700:Husmerae
4650:Æbbingas
4645:Ælfingas
4610:Cantware
4605:Boroware
4583:Deningei
4578:Dæningas
4548:Tewingas
4543:Tetingas
4491:Gegingas
4411:Regiones
4351:Iclingas
4339:Monarchs
4313:Bernicia
4264:Kingdoms
4214:Archived
4202:Archived
4190:Archived
4021:09023803
3596:27 March
3367:Heasufel
3363:Searuman
3358:Herugrim
3007:26404222
2523:See also
2384:Tamworth
2364:Tamworth
2327:blazoned
2300:heraldry
2290:Arms of
2207:Cheshire
2165:Cheshire
2051:Cheshire
2035:Meresæte
2033:and the
2031:Wroxeter
2027:Rhiwsæte
1997:Hahlsæte
1995:and the
1993:Hereford
1953:and the
1897:and the
1826:Stamford
1814:Spalding
1696:and the
1694:Tamworth
1586:Merewalh
1582:Wulfhere
1360:In 852,
1303:Ellendun
1279:Ceolwulf
1275:Coenwulf
1166:Pengwern
1162:Wroxeter
1131:Æthelred
1127:Wulfhere
1042:Wulfhere
1003:Tamworth
726:Tamworth
693:Midlands
491:Cheshire
354:Currency
260:Ceolwulf
248:Coenwulf
212:Wulfhere
128:Paganism
18:Mercians
4966:52°36′N
4939:Danelaw
4861:Gewisse
4836:Wessex:
4824:Sussex:
4780:Undaium
4775:Tomsæte
4730:Pecsæte
4670:Bilsæte
4655:Arosæte
4640:Mercia:
4533:Haering
4449:Ikelgas
4429:Suffolk
4424:Norfolk
4296:Lindsey
3888:Sources
3804:12 June
3352:Hasufel
3346:Saruman
2311:saltire
2196:Bristol
2111:Danelaw
2060:Pecsæte
2039:Chester
1955:Arosæte
1951:Warwick
1949:around
1893:in the
1885:Hitchin
1883:around
1877:Bedford
1812:around
1777:Lindsey
1760:Rutland
1702:around
1692:around
1689:Tomsæte
1598:carving
1382:Danelaw
1362:Burgred
1287:Gwynedd
1283:Deganwy
1197:Cuthred
1147:Ceolred
1109:at the
898:England
888:, near
867:History
861:earldom
834:Danelaw
826:Vikings
697:England
465:England
284:Burgred
188:•
182:(first)
155:Monarch
149:Mercian
107:England
70:527–918
5002:Mercia
4969:1°36′W
4906:Ytenes
4817:Loidis
4725:Pecset
4690:Gyrwas
4625:Lympne
4498:Surrey
4466:Essex:
4399:Wessex
4394:Sussex
4384:Mercia
4330:Wessex
4325:Sussex
4291:Hwicce
4286:Mercia
4169:
4151:
4132:
4113:
4094:
4068:
4045:
4019:
3998:
3979:
3960:
3941:
3924:
3902:
3873:
3843:
3771:, 1901
3756:, 1876
3750:, 1953
3714:17 May
3548:21 May
3473:
3408:
3383:Bede.
3335:
3305:
3229:
3125:
3005:
2995:
2833:
2636:. and
2590:Wessex
2481:wivere
2426:dragon
2422:wyvern
2264:Mercia
2177:Wessex
2149:shires
2141:Surrey
2139:, and
2097:, and
2001:Ludlow
1941:Wessex
1932:Hwicce
1887:, the
1879:, the
1863:, the
1843:, the
1830:North
1828:, the
1816:, the
1673:Hwicce
1626:Ceadda
1584:, and
1550:Mercia
1502:of an
1492:, and
1434:Oxford
1430:London
1334:Wiglaf
1330:Ludeca
1328:named
1318:Surrey
1314:Sussex
1295:Egbert
1293:under
1193:Humber
1143:Cœnred
1122:Repton
1099:Oswald
1048:, and
995:Creoda
925:Angles
917:Wessex
853:Wessex
799:Repton
781:Humber
761:Humber
757:Wessex
753:Sussex
708:Repton
673:Anglic
603:Mercia
551:Surrey
410:Hwicce
159:
101:Wessex
91:Status
32:Murcia
4685:Gaini
4590:Kent:
4439:Gywre
4374:Essex
4318:Deira
4276:Essex
2485:viper
2392:Blaby
2129:Essex
2037:near
2029:near
1999:near
1991:near
1957:near
1903:Thame
1901:near
1881:Hicce
1875:near
1873:Gifle
1859:near
1839:near
1832:Gyrwe
1824:near
1669:hides
1615:Diuma
1556:(see
1554:Éomer
1513:Merce
1438:burhs
1338:Circa
1322:Essex
1252:coins
1118:Peada
1107:Oswiu
1085:from
1076:pagan
1064:Penda
1038:Penda
1019:Deira
1015:Edwin
1011:Cearl
1007:Pybba
941:Welsh
795:Diuma
745:Essex
665:Latin
578:Wales
362:Penny
358:Sceat
310:Witan
200:Penda
195:–655
59:Latin
4558:Tota
4523:Haka
4476:Beda
4434:Elge
4379:Kent
4281:Kent
4167:ISBN
4149:ISBN
4130:ISBN
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