759:, in 1964 when a whole Messiria nomad camp around Lake Abyyad was massacred in a terrible human slaughter by Anyanya fighters, none were spared including children, elderly and brides; many Messiria were abducted and women were raped by the rebels. The Messiria retaliated with a sequence of attacks targeting southern villages and nomadic camps; they abducted children and raided cattle. At the time, the abductions and retaliations became the norm in the region, but, mostly children and cattle were retrieved by local authorities and the spirit and will of coexistence always prevailed.
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or animists. Henderson, MacMichael, and Ian
Cunnison all attest the presence of Messiria in the eighteenth century. Similar history is also available for the nine Ngok Dinka chiefdoms on the same area. Being both nomads, the Messiria and Dinka coexisted for long time and shared the grazing resources.
392:
The
Messiria in the three different zones have been separated for so long that they have developed localized cultural and social differences. The Messiria in Kordofan know little if anything about the Messiria in Darfur and Chad, but they belong to the same tribe and they have similar tribal
354:. This belt of territory has been the homeland of the Baggara Arabs for centuries. Ian Cunnison, referenced above said "history and environment together throw light on their distribution". In Sudan, while the Abbala live in the semi-desert part of the region: northern
767:, had led to both Hawazma and Messiria taking up arms. In around 1908, the British armed the Nuba to fight against the expansion of the northern Arabs in the region. Weapons, known locally as Marmatoun and Ab’gikra, were as common among Nuba as
762:
Such targeting of
Anyanya fighters on Messiria nomads lead to Messiria starting to accumulate weaponry to counterbalance the rebel fighters' force. Earlier incidents in the early eighteenth century during
771:
among
Baggara Arabs today. All these indicate that the ingredients of ethnic war already exist in the region and the new SPLA war was just an ignition of an existing ethnic chasm in the area.
294:
and their journeys are dependent upon the seasons of the year. The use of the term
Baggara carries negative connotations as slave raiders, so they prefer to be called instead Messiria.
469:
have ceased to rate themselves
Messiria. However, in Sudan today, still they are called Messiria Humr and Messiria Zurug and still they acknowledge their common history and ancestry.
654:
territory. They are marginally represented in Darfur and there they live a semi-sedentary life. The
Messiria was once a larger group, but fragmented into smaller groups over time.
290:
is also spoken by a small number of them in Darfur. The numbers is varies, perhaps between 500,000 and 1 million in western Sudan, extending into eastern Chad. They are primarily
751:
Both branches of
Messiria, the Humr and the Zurug, are involved in historical grazing disputes and isolated fights along their southern borders, either with Dinka,
346:). the Term "Baggara" means simply 'cowman' but the Sudanese apply the word particularly to the nomadic cattlemen, who span the belt of savanna between
627:
The area known as Nitega (نتيقة) is the main distribution base of the
Messiria in Darfur, among the landmarks in the area is Mount Karou (جبل كرو).
1080:
755:, or Nuba over grazing and water resources. The traditional fighting was intensified during the first southern guerrilla's fighting, called
1058:
723:
338:
means 'land of the
Messiria'. According to Ian Cunnison (1966), the Arab nomads of the Sudan and Chad are of two kinds, 'camelmen' (
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Those Messiria who have most contact with Ngok Dinka are the Messiria Humr. The Messiria Zurug share most of their land with the
102:
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915:
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The Messiria Humr pastoralists migrate across the four regions of their homeland (Dar el Humr): Babanousa, Muglad, Goz, and
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932:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Etudes sociales, politiques et économiques du Moyen Orient, E. J. Brill. p. 322.
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tribes sharing the land also with the Nuba tribes. The Nuba are indigenous people, inhabiting the area known as
748:
During the dry season the Misseriya migrate to the Kiir River in Abyei. They call the region the Bahr el Arab.
59:
17:
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The Messiria are the first northern tribes and the first Baggara tribes to suffer from the 'southern war'.
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The Sudanese government gave the Messiria Arab militia machine guns and ordered them to drive the
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362:, the Baggara, by contrast, live on their southern fringes; occupying the area roughly south of
815:
722:, with a bit of Christians and animists. Both Nuba and Dinka are sided with Southern Rebels (
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ones. According to MacMichael (1967), the two divisions have become so distinct that the
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This photo was taken during the early 20th century but could equally well be modern. The
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In general the Dar el Messiria or their zones can be divided into three areas:
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tribes, along the western sides of the national highway connecting Deling to
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483:– According to MacMichael (1967), the Zurug have the following divisions:
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oil region. They successfully took the Luk Nuer in Bentiu and eastern
302:
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and extending well into flood basins of the White Nile to the south.
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in general and the Messiria in particular still frequently travel on
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The Messiria mostly live around Kordofan and migrate south into the
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778:, the Ngok Dinka and Messiria are engaged in territorial disputes.
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In Kordofan, the Messiria occupies the area historically known as
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Le Soudan nilotique et l'administration britannique (1898-1956)
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corresponds to the definite article 'the' in English. The term
151:
900:
The Tribes of Northern and Central Kordofán, Published by Cass
853:
Baggara Arabs, Power and the lineage in a Sudanese Nomad Tribe
538:– According to Ian Cunnison (1966), the Humr are divided into:
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706:. On the eastern side of this national highway found the
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and identified as 'northerners', on the other hand, Ngok
969:
Abandoning Abyei: destruction and displacement, May 2008
311:
702:; the capital city of South Kordofan and extending to
677:, to be theirs. While the Messiria are Baggara Arabs,
876:
Sudan: The Failure and Division of an African State
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1289:
673:area is claimed by Messiria as well as by Ngok
528:Still there tribal divisions with each tribes.
433:; literally the name means 'the dark ones' and
429:The main divisions of Messiria in Kordofan are
156:The 'Baggara Belt', a distribution area of the
1032:Famine in Sudan, 1998: the human rights causes
867:
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863:
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1029:, Human Rights Watch (Organization) (1999).
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730:) during the civil war, while Messiria and
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966:Human Rights Watch (Organization) (2008).
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836:Baggara of Sudan: Culture and Environment
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
405:, among their well known locations are:
301:
927:
630:
14:
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847:
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439:; means 'the red ones'. These names:
424:
685:are 'southerners' and identified as
282:tribes. Their language is primarily
170:Regions with significant populations
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
1035:. Human Rights Watch. p. 140.
954:Darfur: A new History of a Long War
952:Flint, J. and Alex de Waal (2008).
946:
855:. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 1–3.
827:
737:
267:
24:
972:. Human Rights Watch. p. 12.
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449:do 'not' mean in any way that the
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734:sided with Sudanese government.
657:The location of Messiria in teh
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874:(2010). Yale University Press.
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47:needs additional citations for
1019:
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898:MacMichael, Harold A. (1967).
661:is at the border zone between
453:are darker in skin color than
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1:
1000:Al Jazeera (5 January 2011).
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7:
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421:, Meiram, and Lake Kailak.
396:
393:divisions and diversities.
10:
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744:Sudanese nomadic conflicts
741:
634:
1275:
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1002:"Tribal trouble in Sudan"
956:(2nd edition). Zed Books.
833:Adam, Biraima M. (2012).
641:Second Sudanese Civil War
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243:
236:
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928:Grandin, Nicole (1982).
637:First Sudanese Civil War
388:Dar el Misseriya in Chad
143:
322:means 'land'. The word
851:Cunnison, Ian (1966).
839:. Amazon online Books.
816:Ethnic groups in Sudan
457:, but most likely the
315:
292:nomadic cattle herders
274:, are a branch of the
742:Further information:
305:
244:Related ethnic groups
631:Conflict involvement
381:Dar el Misseriya in
374:Dar el Misseriya in
56:improve this article
27:Ethnic group in Chad
342:) and 'cattlemen' (
278:ethnic grouping of
139:
795:Western Upper Nile
425:Division of tribes
316:
137:
1285:
1284:
979:978-1-56432-364-4
916:978-0-7146-1113-6
872:Crockett, Richard
716:Southern Kordofan
270:), also known as
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188:500,000–1,000,000
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71:"Messiria people"
16:(Redirected from
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738:Grazing disputes
513:Awlá Abu Na'amán
461:are darker than
364:12 degrees north
336:Dar el Misseriya
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112:November 2008
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67:Find sources:
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45:This article
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1127:Awlad Himayd
1046:. Retrieved
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1009:. Retrieved
1005:
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983:. Retrieved
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918:. 260 pages.
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765:British rule
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525:Awlád Haybán
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298:Distribution
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134:Ethnic group
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54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1279:Arab tribes
1097:Arab tribes
1027:Jemera Rone
799:Jikany Nuer
718:and mostly
667:South Sudan
606:Awlád Serur
557:Awlád Kamil
238:Sunni Islam
202:South Sudan
162:South Sudan
1142:Beni Halba
822:References
691:Christians
646:Background
495:El Ghazáya
352:White Nile
82:newspapers
1192:Husseinat
1172:Habbaniya
1147:Dubasiyin
1048:9 January
1011:7 January
1006:ALJAZEERA
985:9 January
801:in 1984.
793:from the
782:Civil war
507:El Enenát
501:El Diráwi
411:Babanousa
348:Lake Chad
318:The term
216:Languages
1292:Category
1277:Part of
1257:Shaigiya
1237:Rizeigat
1232:Rashaida
1227:Messiria
1202:Kababish
805:See also
659:Kordofan
563:Mezaghna
551:Fayyarin
519:El Zurug
397:Kordofan
376:Kordofan
356:Kordofan
350:and the
268:المسيرية
260:Messiria
232:Religion
144:المسيرية
138:Messiria
1267:Taʽisha
1262:Shukria
1242:Rubatab
1222:Manasir
1217:Mahamid
1207:Kawahla
1197:Ja'alin
1182:Hawazma
1177:Hasania
1162:Gawamaa
1137:Bedaria
1132:Batahin
757:Anyanya
732:Hawazma
708:Hawazma
700:Kadugli
689:either
618:Salamat
612:Jubarat
594:Metanin
587:Felaita
569:Fadliya
385:, Sudan
378:, Sudan
344:Baggara
308:Baggara
286:, when
276:Baggara
252:tribes
96:scholar
1247:Rufa'a
1212:Maalia
1157:Fezara
1152:Fadnia
1122:Awadia
1117:Artega
1112:Ababda
1039:
976:
936:
914:
906:
882:
704:Talodi
623:Darfur
575:Menama
544:Ajaira
419:Lagawa
415:Muglad
383:Darfur
360:Darfur
340:Abbala
314:-back.
264:Arabic
199:
181:
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1252:Selim
1167:Gimma
1101:Sudan
776:Abyei
769:AK-47
683:Dinka
675:Dinka
671:Abyei
663:Sudan
652:Dinka
600:Ziyud
581:Addal
463:Zurug
451:Zurug
441:Zurug
407:Abyei
206:Abyei
184:Sudan
103:JSTOR
89:books
1187:Humr
1050:2011
1037:ISBN
1013:2011
987:2011
974:ISBN
934:ISBN
912:ISBN
904:ISBN
880:ISBN
753:Nuer
728:SPLM
724:SPLA
696:Nuba
665:and
639:and
585:B –
579:6. '
542:A —'
523:G –
517:F –
511:E –
505:D –
499:C –
493:B –
487:A –
467:Humr
459:Humr
455:Humr
446:Humr
443:and
358:and
280:Arab
258:The
224:and
75:news
1099:in
774:In
714:of
616:5.
610:4.
604:3.
598:2.
592:1.
573:5.
567:4.
561:3.
555:2.
549:1.
330:or
326:or
320:dar
58:by
1294::
1004:.
910:,
902:.
891:^
860:^
844:^
589::
546::
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