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Metal nitrosyl complex

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orbitals and two on NO, {CoNO}), adopts a bent NO ligand, whereas , with six electrons of pi-symmetry, {FeNO}), adopts a linear nitrosyl. In a further illustration, the {MNO} d-electron count of the anion is shown. In this example, the cyanide ligands are "innocent", i.e., they have a charge of
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scheme, Cr has 6 d electrons and NO· has one electron for a total of 7. Two electrons are subtracted to take into account that fragment's overall charge of +2, to give 5. Written in the Enemark-Feltham notation, the d electron count is {CrNO}. The results are the same if the nitrosyl ligand were
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Since nitrogen is more electronegative than carbon, metal-nitrosyl complexes tend to be more electrophilic than related metal carbonyl complexes. Nucleophiles often add to the nitrogen. The nitrogen atom in bent metal nitrosyls is basic, thus can be oxidized, alkylated, and protonated, e.g.:
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The M-N-O unit in nitrosyl complexes is usually linear, or no more than 15° from linear. In some complexes, however, especially when back-bonding is less important, the M-N-O angle can strongly deviate from 180°. Linear and bent NO ligands can be distinguished using
181:. In their framework, the factor that determines the bent vs linear NO ligands is the sum of electrons of pi-symmetry. Complexes with "pi-electrons" in excess of 6 tend to have bent NO ligands. Thus, , with eight electrons of pi-symmetry (six in t 1157:
Francine Agbossou; Edward J. O'Connor; Charles M. Garner; N. Quirós Méndez; Jesús M. Fernández; Alan T. Patton; James A. Ramsden; J. A. Gladysz; Joseph M. O'Connor; Tracy Tajima; Kevin P. Gable (1992). "Cyclopentadienyl Rhenium Complexes".
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Ng, Ho-Yuen; Cheung, Wai-Man; Kwan Huang, Enrique; Wong, Kang-Long; Sung, Herman H.-Y.; Williams, Ian D.; Leung, Wa-Hung (2015). "Ruthenium chalcogenonitrosyl and bridged nitrido complexes containing chelating sulfur and oxygen ligands".
126:. The formal description of nitric oxide as NO does not match certain measureable and calculated properties. In an alternative description, nitric oxide serves as a 3-electron donor, and the metal-nitrogen interaction is a 893:
Ariyarathna, Isuru R.; Miliordos, Evangelos (15 July 2019). "Electronic and geometric structure analysis of neutral and anionic metal nitric chalcogens: The case of MNX series (M=Li, Na, Be and X=O, S, Se, Te)".
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illustrate the analogy between NO and CO. In an electron-counting sense, two linear NO ligands are equivalent to three CO groups. This trend is illustrated by the isoelectronic pair Fe(CO)
151:. Linear M-N-O groups absorb in the range 1650–1900 cm, whereas bent nitrosyls absorb in the range 1525–1690 cm. The differing vibrational frequencies reflect the differing N-O 2672: 2642: 361:
Nitrosyl complexes are traditionally prepared by treating metal complexes with nitric oxide. The method is mainly used with reduced precursors. Illustrative is the nitrosylation of
274:. It consists of a tetrahedron of iron atoms with sulfide ions on three faces of the tetrahedron. Three iron atoms are bonded to two nitrosyl groups. The iron atom on the threefold 746:. In biology and medicine, nitric oxide is however an important signalling molecule in nature and this fact is the basis of the most important applications of metal nitrosyls. The 69: 3241: 3127: 3060: 2927: 3199: 3073: 2990: 2632: 2220: 2887: 3339: 3246: 3179: 3010: 2877: 3140: 3086: 2949: 2936: 3050: 2511: 2995: 2727: 3055: 2657: 2627: 3045: 2647: 1951: 3000: 2652: 2476: 2471: 1988: 3285: 2882: 2622: 2491: 2481: 331: 186:−1 each, −5 total. To balance the fragment's overall charge, the charge on {CrNO} is thus +2 (−3 = −5 + 2). Using the neutral 2897: 2892: 2722: 2164: 1838: 1492: 1291:
Dunn, Peter L.; Cook, Brian J.; Johnson, Samantha I.; Appel, Aaron M.; Bullock, R. Morris (2020). "Oxidation of Ammonia with Molecular Complexes".
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is a source of nitric oxide complexes, although the details are obscure. Probably relevant is the conventional self-dehydration of nitric acid:
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from internal combustion engines. This application has been described as "one of the most successful stories in the development of catalysts."
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Walker, F. A. (2005). "Nitric Oxide Interaction with Insect Nitrophorins and Thoughts on the Electron Configuration of the FeNO Complex".
303: 174:-. The NO is also common for alkali-metal or alkaline-earth metal-NO molecules. For example. LiNO and BeNO bear LiNO and BeNO ionic form. 3353: 3184: 2917: 2311: 2291: 1224:
James K. Hoyano; Peter Legzdins; John T. Malito (1978). "(η ‐Cyclopentadienydnitrosyl Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Jungsten".
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sharing an edge. Each iron atom is bonded linearly to two NO ligands and shares two bridging sulfidi ligands with the other iron atom.
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The bent NO ligand is sometimes described as the anion, NO. Prototypes for such compounds are the organic nitroso compounds, such as
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Paul Gilmont; Arthur A. Blanchard (1946). "Dicobalt Octacarbonyl, Cobalt Nitrosyl Tricarbonyl, and Cobalt Tetracarbomyl Hydride".
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ligands are known where the NO is coordinated by its oxygen atom. They can be generated by UV-irradiation of nitrosyl complexes.
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Metal complexes containing only nitrosyl ligands are called isoleptic nitrosyls. They are rare, the premier member being Cr(NO)
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Kaspar, Jan; Fornasiero, Paolo; Hickey, Neal (2003). "Automotive Catalytic Converters: Current Status and Some Perspectives".
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This equilibrium serves to confirm that the linear nitrosyl ligand is, formally, NO, with nitrogen in the oxidation state +3
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Jessica Fitzpatrick; Eunsuk Kim (2015). "Synthetic Modeling Chemistry of Iron–Sulfur Clusters in Nitric Oxide Signaling".
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Enemark, J. H.; Feltham, R. D. (1974). "Principles of structure, bonding, and reactivity for metal nitrosyl complexes".
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Most complexes containing the NO ligand can be viewed as derivatives of the nitrosyl cation, NO. The nitrosyl cation is
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Several complexes are known with NS ligands. Like nitrosyls, thionitrosyls exist as both linear and bent geometries.
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Hayton, T. W.; Legzdins, P.; Sharp, W. B. (2002). "Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry of Metal-NO Complexes".
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Nitrosylation of a heme-thiolate, steps in cell signaling by nitric oxide (porphyrin is depicted as the square).
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anion, , a mixed nitrosyl cyano complex, has pharmaceutical applications as a slow release agent for NO. The
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Structure of the isonitrosyl complex (color code: red (O), blue (N), gray (C), dark green (Ru), green (Cl)).
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B. F. G. Johnson; K. H. Al‐Obadi (1970). "Dihalogenodinitrosylmolybdenum and Dihalogenodinitrosyltungsten".
3510: 2496: 2116: 1938: 1652: 92:. The nitrosyl cation serves as a two-electron donor to the metal and accepts electrons from the metal via 3540: 3535: 3358: 3169: 2382: 366: 97: 1156: 88:, thus the bonding between a nitrosyl ligand and a metal follows the same principles as the bonding in 2506: 556:
Some anionic nitrito complexes undergo acid-induced deoxygenation to give the linear nitrosyl complex.
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Richard R. Thomas; Ayusman Sen (1990). "Acetonitrile Complexes of Selected Transition Metal Cations".
252:, which is a sodium salt of the anion . The structure of the anion can be viewed as consisting of two 2392: 2280: 211: 2100: 1660: 1515: 715: 203:. In the compound , three NO groups bridge two metal centres and one NO group bridge to all three. 3439: 2967: 2699: 2387: 1888: 767: 735: 310: 257: 3436: 2397: 1983: 984:"Room‐Temperature Photogeneration of Nitrosyl Linkage Isomers in Ruthenium Nitrosyl Complexes" 33:, a medicinally significant metal nitrosyl-pentacyanoferrate (Fe-III) compound, used to treat 3363: 2860: 2704: 1823: 1067: 869: 353:
Many nitrosyl complexes are quite stable, thus many methods can be used for their synthesis.
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Mikhailov, Artem A.; Wenger, Emmanuel; Kostin, Gennadiy A.; Schaniel, Dominik (2019).
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The nitroprusside anion, , an octahedral complex containing a "linear NO" ligand.
3530: 3443: 3114: 2902: 2501: 1417: 1261: 410:. This reagent has been applied to the hexacarbonyls of molybdenum and tungsten: 362: 200: 104: 85: 73: 56:. Many kinds of nitrosyl complexes are known, which vary both in structure and co 3463: 3122: 3015: 2912: 2612: 2599: 2586: 2232: 1933: 1647: 1267: 1233: 1200: 1167: 1133: 1100: 751: 167: 20: 3524: 3404: 3153: 2962: 2591: 2571: 2566: 2551: 1642: 1547: 759: 747: 532: 460: 275: 261: 119: 81: 938: 3481: 3457: 2788: 2556: 2256: 2243: 2229: 1461: 1425: 1363: 1320: 1223: 1045: 1010: 1002: 915: 844: 536: 93: 49: 34: 3487:
cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)
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Replacement of ligands by the nitrosyl cation may be accomplished using
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One of the earliest examples of a nitrosyl complex to be synthesized is
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The adoption of linear vs bent bonding can be analyzed with the
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structure. The anion in this species has the formula . It has
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An important reaction is the acid/base equilibrium, yielding
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is a source of nitric oxide anion via a disproportionation:
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Complex of a transition metal bonded to nitric oxide: Me–NO
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has a single nitrosyl group which also lies on that axis.
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Metal-catalyzed reactions of NO are not often useful in
340:-, an octahedral complex containing a "bent NO" ligand. 2252:
Nitroxyl anion (NO; oxonitrate(1-), hyponitrite anion)
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Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)
801:. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 754:function of NO is effected via its complexation to 714:Metal-nitrosyls are assumed to be intermediates in 1034:Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 576:, the ammonia ligand can be oxidized to nitrosyl: 219:Usually only of transient existence, complexes of 141: 2557:Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite) 1256: 1058: 1032:Herberhold Max (1972). "Tetranitrosylchromium ". 950: 948: 860: 3522: 567: 231: 2418:Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012) 668:In rare cases, NO is cleaved by metal centers: 1031: 954: 945: 243: 2834:N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide 2393:Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol) 2214: 1486: 1341: 531:Nitric acid is used in some preparations of 194: 936: 2221: 2207: 1500: 1493: 1479: 818: 816: 564:The reaction is reversible in some cases. 444:and molybdenum hexacarbonyl react to give 76:. (Middle) Sigma bond. (Bottom) Back-bond. 2577:Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite) 2487:Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)) 1293:Journal of the American Chemical Society 729: 700: 210: 132: 67: 63: 25: 2653:S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys) 2643:S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP) 813: 3523: 2638:S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) 2512:Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt) 206: 2202: 1474: 455: 170:. A complex with a bent NO ligand is 3473:non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g., 2257:Nitric oxide (NO; nitrogen monoxide) 551: 401: 2497:Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN) 2383:Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) 1335: 1284: 937:Ariyarathna, Isuru (1 March 2021). 856: 854: 499: 227:Representative classes of compounds 13: 3402:Indirect/downstream NO modulators: 3170:Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) 2279: 1228:. Vol. 13. pp. 126–131. 1195:. Vol. 12. pp. 264–266. 1162:. Vol. 29. pp. 211–225. 896:Journal of Computational Chemistry 603:transition metal nitrite complexes 14: 3557: 3200:Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME) 2663:S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG) 2633:S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC) 2507:Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN) 2262:Nitrosonium (NO; nitrosyl cation) 199:Nitric oxide can also serve as a 122:and, incidentally, both obey the 1128:. Vol. 28. pp. 63–67. 851: 773: 758:proteins, where it binds in the 330: 318: 302: 286: 2728:Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO) 1432: 1397: 1370: 1356:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.10.009 1250: 1217: 1184: 1150: 1117: 1084: 718:, which reduce the emission of 709: 142:Linear vs bent nitrosyl ligands 2928:N-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine ( 1052: 1025: 991:Chemistry – A European Journal 975: 930: 886: 787: 452:is also used as an NO source. 348: 1: 3511:Receptor/signaling modulators 3180:Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED) 2398:Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) 2388:Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) 1391:10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00384-X 969:10.1016/S0010-8545(00)80259-3 781: 568:Oxidation of ammine complexes 232:Homoleptic nitrosyl complexes 2648:S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap) 2477:Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026) 2472:Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560) 1418:10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00246 1095:. Vol. 2. p. 238. 762:. Nitric oxide also attacks 596: 7: 3123:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine) 3016:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine) 2913:Aminoguanidine (pimagedine) 2677:N-Nitroso compounds (e.g., 2492:Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550) 2403:Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 367:cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl 244:Roussin red and black salts 72:(Top) the HOMO and LUMO of 10: 3562: 3409:AT-II receptor antagonists 3154:Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG) 2991:1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine 2963:Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG) 2710:Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) 1234:10.1002/9780470132494.ch21 1201:10.1002/9780470132432.ch47 1168:10.1002/9780470132609.ch51 1134:10.1002/9780470132593.ch14 1101:10.1002/9780470132333.ch76 408:nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate 356: 137:linear and bent M-NO bonds 118:and . These complexes are 18: 3504: 3321: 3294: 3232: 3162: 3113: 2981: 2868: 2859: 2842: 2359: 2270: 2242: 2157: 2067: 1908: 1881: 1767: 1735: 1563: 1532: 1508: 1263:Chemistry of the Elements 1260:; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). 1064:Chemistry of the Elements 1062:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). 866:Chemistry of the Elements 864:; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). 768:dinitrosyl iron complexes 195:Bridging nitrosyl ligands 2888:3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole 2723:Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO) 2695:Metal nitrosyl complexes 2623:S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB) 2317:Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667) 179:Enemark-Feltham notation 42:Metal nitrosyl complexes 19:Not to be confused with 3480:PDE9 inhibitors (e.g., 2968:Pentamidine isethionate 2878:3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole 2765:Heterocyclic compounds: 2289:Activators/stimulators: 736:dinitrosyl iron complex 3546:Coordination chemistry 3437:L-Type calcium channel 1502:Coordination complexes 1046:10.1002/anie.197210921 1003:10.1002/chem.201901205 795:"Sodium Nitroprusside" 739: 706: 656:(CO)ClOsNO + HCl → (Ph 574:metal-ammine complexes 216: 138: 77: 38: 3041:Cindunistat (SD-6010) 2996:2-Ethylaminoguanidine 2753:Spermine/NO (SPER/NO) 2550:O-Nitroso compounds ( 1068:Butterworth-Heinemann 1060:Greenwood, Norman N. 870:Butterworth-Heinemann 862:Greenwood, Norman N. 733: 704: 214: 191:considered NO or NO. 149:infrared spectroscopy 136: 71: 64:Bonding and structure 29: 3427:receptor antagonists 3100:Ronopterin (VAS-203) 2799:Molsidomine (SIN-10) 2720:(diazeniumdiolates): 2700:Roussin's black salt 2413:Mannitol hexanitrate 1305:10.1021/jacs.0c08269 1258:Greenwood, Norman N. 872:. pp. 447–453. 764:iron-sulfur proteins 716:catalytic converters 311:Roussin's black salt 258:Roussin's black salt 31:Sodium nitroprusside 2794:Linsidomine (SIN-1) 2691:Nitrosyl compounds: 2658:S-Nitrosodiclofenac 2628:S-Nitrosated AR545C 2613:S-Nitroso compounds 1448:(42): 18459–18468. 1442:Dalton Transactions 1299:(42): 17845–17858. 1226:Inorganic Syntheses 1193:Inorganic Syntheses 1160:Inorganic Syntheses 1126:Inorganic Syntheses 1093:Inorganic Syntheses 693:(Me)Nb(O)NMe → 2 Cp 260:has a more complex 207:Isonitrosyl ligands 3541:Nitrosyl complexes 3536:Nitrogen compounds 2705:Roussin's red salt 2562:Cyclohexyl nitrite 2453:Nipradilol (K-351) 1454:10.1039/C5DT02513C 740: 707: 697:Nb(O)Me + ½MeN=NMe 456:From hydroxylamine 295:Roussin's red salt 250:Roussin's red salt 217: 139: 90:carbonyl complexes 78: 52:, NO, bonded to a 39: 3518: 3517: 3343: 3334: 3317: 3316: 3250: 3228: 3227: 3148: 3144: 3135: 3131: 3128:N-(1-Iminoethyl)- 3094: 3090: 3081: 3077: 3074:N-(1-Iminoethyl)- 3068: 3064: 3061:N-(1-Iminoethyl)- 3001:2-Iminopiperidine 2957: 2953: 2944: 2940: 2931: 2853: 2582:Isopropyl nitrite 2528:Nitroso compounds 2370: 2355: 2354: 2196: 2195: 1344:J. Inorg. Biochem 1277:978-0-08-022057-4 1243:978-0-470-13249-4 1210:978-0-470-13243-2 1177:978-0-470-13260-9 1143:978-0-470-13259-3 1110:978-0-470-13233-3 1077:978-0-08-037941-8 1040:(12): 1092–1094. 997:(31): 7569–7574. 908:10.1002/jcc.25829 902:(19): 1740–1751. 879:978-0-08-037941-8 837:10.1021/cr000074t 744:organic chemistry 552:From nitrous acid 442:Nitrosyl chloride 188:electron counting 3553: 3444:dihydropyridines 3344:-arginine (NOHA) 3341: 3332: 3286:alpha aminoacids 3256:chlorogenic acid 3251:-arginine (NOHA) 3248: 3146: 3142: 3133: 3129: 3092: 3088: 3079: 3075: 3066: 3062: 2955: 2951: 2942: 2938: 2929: 2883:3-Chloroindazole 2866: 2865: 2857: 2856: 2847: 2545: 2544: 2482:Nitrofluvastatin 2466: 2465: 2408:Itramin tosilate 2364: 2277: 2276: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2200: 2199: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1472: 1471: 1466: 1465: 1436: 1430: 1429: 1412:(8): 2453–2461. 1401: 1395: 1394: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1288: 1282: 1281: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1154: 1148: 1147: 1121: 1115: 1114: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1066:(2nd ed.). 1056: 1050: 1049: 1029: 1023: 1022: 988: 979: 973: 972: 957:Coord. Chem. Rev 952: 943: 942: 934: 928: 927: 890: 884: 883: 868:(2nd ed.). 858: 849: 848: 820: 811: 810: 808: 806: 791: 726: 591: 587: 547:+ → + OH + OCN 500:From nitric acid 490: 474: 425: 421: 402:From NO and NOCl 396: 388: 384: 334: 322: 306: 290: 124:18-electron rule 96:. The compounds 54:transition metal 3561: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3550: 3521: 3520: 3519: 3514: 3500: 3464:PDE5 inhibitors 3426: 3390: 3377: 3313: 3290: 3224: 3158: 3109: 2977: 2903:7-Nitroindazole 2898:6-Nitroindazole 2893:5-Nitroindazole 2846: 2838: 2615:(thionitrites): 2543: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2502:Propatylnitrate 2464: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2363: 2351: 2266: 2238: 2227: 2197: 2192: 2173: 2153: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2095: 2082: 2078: 2063: 2059: 2051: 2043: 2035: 2026: 2022: 2014: 2006: 1992: 1979: 1971: 1967: 1959: 1955: 1947: 1928: 1919: 1904: 1900: 1892: 1877: 1865: 1856: 1852: 1809: 1786: 1778: 1763: 1758: 1750: 1746: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1698: 1685: 1681: 1673: 1669: 1656: 1638: 1634: 1625: 1617: 1613: 1605: 1601: 1593: 1589: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1543: 1528: 1524: 1504: 1499: 1469: 1437: 1433: 1402: 1398: 1379:Catalysis Today 1375: 1371: 1340: 1336: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1270:. p. 516. 1255: 1251: 1244: 1222: 1218: 1211: 1189: 1185: 1178: 1155: 1151: 1144: 1122: 1118: 1111: 1089: 1085: 1078: 1070:. p. 449. 1057: 1053: 1030: 1026: 986: 980: 976: 963:(13): 339–406. 953: 946: 935: 931: 891: 887: 880: 859: 852: 821: 814: 804: 802: 793: 792: 788: 784: 776: 734:Structure of a 725: 719: 712: 696: 692: 685: 681: 677: 663: 659: 655: 651: 638: 634: 622: 618: 614: 599: 589: 585: 583: 570: 554: 546: 526: 522: 518: 514: 502: 494: 488: 486: 482: 478: 472: 470: 458: 447: 437: 433: 429: 423: 419: 417: 404: 394: 392: 386: 382: 380: 376: 363:cobalt carbonyl 359: 351: 346: 345: 344: 341: 335: 326: 323: 314: 307: 298: 291: 270: 246: 239: 234: 229: 209: 201:bridging ligand 197: 184: 159:) and bent NO ( 144: 117: 113: 108: 101: 86:carbon monoxide 66: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3559: 3549: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3516: 3515: 3505: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3498: 3488: 3485: 3478: 3471: 3461: 3451: 3434: 3424: 3420: 3405:ACE inhibitors 3398: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3347: 3346: 3337: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3244: 3238: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3138: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3084: 3071: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2947: 2934: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2854: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2776: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2687: 2686: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2608:-Butyl nitrite 2602: 2600:Pentyl nitrite 2597: 2595:-Butyl nitrite 2589: 2587:Methyl nitrite 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2552:alkyl nitrites 2541: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2462: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2373: 2371: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2349: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2285: 2283: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2248: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2226: 2225: 2218: 2211: 2203: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2158:Halide donors: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2143: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1498: 1497: 1490: 1483: 1475: 1468: 1467: 1431: 1406:Acc. Chem. Res 1396: 1385:(4): 419–449. 1369: 1350:(1): 216–236. 1334: 1283: 1276: 1268:Pergamon Press 1249: 1242: 1216: 1209: 1183: 1176: 1149: 1142: 1116: 1109: 1083: 1076: 1051: 1024: 974: 944: 929: 885: 878: 850: 831:(1): 935–991. 812: 785: 783: 780: 775: 772: 721: 711: 708: 699: 698: 694: 690: 687: 683: 679: 675: 666: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 641: 640: 636: 632: 631:NO + 2 OH ⇌ NO 625: 624: 620: 616: 610: 598: 595: 594: 593: 581: 569: 566: 562: 561: 553: 550: 549: 548: 544: 529: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 501: 498: 497: 496: 492: 484: 480: 476: 468: 457: 454: 445: 439: 438: 435: 431: 427: 415: 403: 400: 399: 398: 390: 378: 374: 358: 355: 350: 347: 343: 342: 336: 329: 327: 324: 317: 315: 308: 301: 299: 292: 285: 282: 281: 280: 268: 245: 242: 237: 233: 230: 228: 225: 208: 205: 196: 193: 182: 168:nitrosobenzene 143: 140: 115: 111: 106: 99: 65: 62: 21:Nitro compound 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3558: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3513: 3512: 3509: 3503: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3428: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3338: 3336: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3304:Calmidazolium 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3139: 3137: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3085: 3083: 3072: 3070: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2948: 2946: 2935: 2933: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2572:Hexyl nitrite 2570: 2568: 2567:Ethyl nitrite 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2547: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2224: 2219: 2217: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2135: 2133: 2123: 2121: 2115: 2113: 2099: 2097: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2052: 2046: 2044: 2038: 2036: 2030: 2028: 2017: 2015: 2009: 2007: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1923: 1921: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1866: 1860: 1858: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1760: 1753: 1751: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1718: 1716: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1676: 1674: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1608: 1606: 1596: 1594: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1546: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1435: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1400: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1287: 1279: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1253: 1245: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1220: 1212: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1179: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1153: 1145: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1120: 1112: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1087: 1079: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1055: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1028: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 985: 978: 970: 966: 962: 958: 951: 949: 940: 933: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 889: 881: 875: 871: 867: 863: 857: 855: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 819: 817: 800: 799:www.drugs.com 796: 790: 786: 779: 774:Thionitrosyls 771: 769: 765: 761: 760:bent geometry 757: 753: 749: 748:nitroprusside 745: 737: 732: 728: 724: 717: 703: 688: 674: 671: 670: 669: 664:(CO)ClOsN(H)O 647: 646: 645: 630: 629: 628: 613: 608: 607: 606: 604: 579: 578: 577: 575: 565: 559: 558: 557: 542: 541: 540: 538: 534: 533:nitroprusside 510: 509: 508: 506: 466: 465: 464: 462: 461:Hydroxylamine 453: 451: 443: 413: 412: 411: 409: 372: 371: 370: 368: 364: 354: 339: 333: 328: 321: 316: 312: 309:The anion in 305: 300: 296: 293:The anion in 289: 284: 283: 279: 277: 276:symmetry axis 273: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 241: 224: 222: 213: 204: 202: 192: 189: 180: 175: 173: 169: 164: 162: 158: 154: 150: 135: 131: 129: 125: 121: 120:isoelectronic 109: 102: 95: 91: 87: 83: 82:isoelectronic 75: 70: 61: 59: 55: 51: 48:that contain 47: 43: 36: 32: 28: 22: 3507: 3506: 3482:paraxanthine 3458:beta blocker 3401: 3350: 3328: 3132:-ornithine ( 3065:-ornithine ( 2810: 2789:Feprosidnine 2784:Sydnonimines 2782: 2767: 2764: 2716: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2679:nitrosamines 2676: 2611: 2605: 2592: 2549: 2526: 2376: 2343: 2322:GSK-2181236A 2288: 2230:Nitric oxide 2147: 1870: 1795: 1445: 1441: 1434: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1382: 1378: 1372: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1296: 1292: 1286: 1262: 1252: 1225: 1219: 1192: 1186: 1159: 1152: 1125: 1119: 1092: 1086: 1063: 1054: 1037: 1033: 1027: 994: 990: 977: 960: 956: 932: 899: 895: 888: 865: 828: 824: 803:. Retrieved 798: 789: 777: 741: 722: 713: 710:Applications 686:(Me)Nb(O)NMe 667: 642: 626: 611: 600: 571: 563: 555: 537:ferrocyanide 530: 503: 479:OH + KOH → K 459: 440: 405: 360: 352: 337: 265: 247: 235: 220: 218: 198: 178: 176: 171: 165: 155:for linear ( 145: 94:back-bonding 79: 50:nitric oxide 41: 40: 35:hypertension 3495:simvastatin 3329:Precursors: 3266:epicatechin 3190:Indospicine 3145:-arginine ( 3091:-arginine ( 3026:AR-C 102222 2954:-arginine ( 2941:-arginine ( 2804:Sydnonimine 2537:Nitrite (NO 2520:Trolnitrate 2516:Tenitramine 2458:Nitrate (NO 2344:Inhibitors: 2327:Praliciguat 2307:BAY 60-4552 2302:BAY 41-8543 2297:BAY 41-2272 584:O + → + 5 560:+ H → + OH 505:Nitric acid 349:Preparation 221:isonitrosyl 161:double bond 157:triple bond 153:bond orders 128:triple bond 3525:Categories 3468:sildenafil 3448:nifedipine 3351:Cofactors: 3340:N-Hydroxy- 3247:N-Hydroxy- 3036:Canavanine 3031:BYK-191023 2850:inhibitors 2779:REC15/2739 2758:V-PYRRO/NO 2448:Nicorandil 2337:Vericiguat 2236:modulators 1819:amino acid 1736:Si donors: 1266:. Oxford: 805:21 October 782:References 752:signalling 254:tetrahedra 98:Co(NO)(CO) 3508:See also: 3454:Nebivolol 3413:captopril 3335:-Arginine 3276:norvaline 3271:ornithine 3185:GW-273629 3141:N-Methyl- 3087:N-Methyl- 3078:-lysine ( 2950:N-Propyl- 2937:N-Methyl- 2918:ARL-17477 2811:Unsorted: 2361:NO donors 2332:Riociguat 2312:BI-703704 2292:Ataciguat 2233:signaling 2068:S donors: 1909:O donors: 1882:P donors: 1844:porphyrin 1791:imidazole 1768:N donors: 1564:C donors: 1533:B donors: 1509:H donors: 1329:221938378 1019:102349334 825:Chem. Rev 682:+ NO → Cp 609:+ 2OH ⇌ L 597:Reactions 46:complexes 3475:caffeine 3440:blockers 3431:bosentan 3417:losartan 3234:Arginase 3220:VAS-2381 3215:ONO-1714 3163:Unsorted 2923:Indazole 2829:FR146881 2824:FR144220 2814:Cimlanod 2769:Furoxans 2748:PROLI/NO 2718:NONOates 2668:SNO-t-PA 2532:nitrites 2443:NCX-4215 2438:NCX 4040 2433:NCX-4016 2428:NCX-2216 2378:Nitrates 2367:prodrugs 1462:26442594 1426:26197209 1364:15598503 1321:32977718 1011:30957917 924:85546245 916:30920017 845:11942784 572:In some 422:MeCN + 2 389:CoNO(CO) 365:to give 272:symmetry 3493:(e.g., 3491:Statins 3466:(e.g., 3442:(e.g., 3429:(e.g., 3411:(e.g., 3261:ginseng 3210:NXN-462 3205:NCX-456 3195:KD-7040 3175:CKD-712 2908:A-84643 2774:Furoxan 2673:SNO-vWF 2423:NCX-466 2272:Targets 1682:& C 1313:1706682 766:giving 738:(DNIC). 495:O + KCN 450:Diazald 357:From NO 262:cluster 3531:Oxides 3322:Others 3281:lysine 2844:Enzyme 2819:FK-409 2733:GLO/NO 2684:SIN-1A 1590:=CH-CH 1460:  1424:  1362:  1327:  1319:  1311:  1274:  1240:  1207:  1174:  1140:  1107:  1074:  1017:  1009:  922:  914:  876:  843:  590:  586:  489:  473:  424:  420:  395:  387:  385:NO → 2 383:  105:Ni(CO) 58:ligand 3354:NADPH 3149:-NMA) 3136:-NIO) 3095:-NMA) 3082:-NIL) 3069:-NIO) 3011:AEITU 3006:1400W 2958:-NPA) 2945:-NMA) 2932:-NIO) 2618:LA810 2244:Forms 1581:HC(O) 1576:RC(O) 1325:S2CID 1015:S2CID 987:(PDF) 920:S2CID 588:H + 6 535:from 511:2 HNO 430:→ (BF 414:M(CO) 338:trans 172:trans 84:with 3369:Heme 3296:CAMK 3115:eNOS 3105:TRIM 3056:MITU 3051:IPTU 3046:EITU 2983:iNOS 2973:TRIM 2870:nNOS 2738:JS-K 2606:tert 1984:acac 1956:/HCO 1839:bipy 1598:C(CH 1458:PMID 1422:PMID 1360:PMID 1317:PMID 1309:OSTI 1272:ISBN 1238:ISBN 1205:ISBN 1172:ISBN 1138:ISBN 1105:ISBN 1072:ISBN 1007:PMID 961:1974 912:PMID 874:ISBN 841:PMID 807:2022 756:haem 689:2 Cp 678:NbMe 515:→ NO 483:+ NH 426:NOBF 377:(CO) 114:(NO) 103:and 44:are 3382:CaM 3364:FMN 3359:FAD 3309:W-7 3242:ABH 3021:AMT 2861:NOS 2347:ODQ 2281:sGC 2079:NCS 2056:OPR 2032:OSR 2011:ClO 1998:ONO 1976:RCO 1853:Si) 1849:(Me 1834:RCN 1801:RNO 1749:4−n 1747:SiR 1703:≡CR 1695:=CR 1690:RNC 1614:=CH 1450:doi 1414:doi 1387:doi 1352:doi 1301:doi 1297:142 1230:doi 1197:doi 1164:doi 1130:doi 1097:doi 1042:doi 999:doi 965:doi 904:doi 833:doi 829:102 648:(Ph 635:+ H 619:+ H 615:MNO 543:HNO 523:+ H 487:+ 2 471:+ 2 448:. 418:+ 4 393:+ 2 381:+ 2 313:, . 297:, . 163:). 3527:: 3446:: 3423:ET 3415:, 3395:Ca 3374:BH 2781:; 2681:): 2675:; 2610:; 2554:): 2548:; 2183:Br 2178:Cl 2146:NC 2137:SR 2117:SO 2087:RS 2048:PO 2040:SO 2027:NO 2003:NO 1993:CO 1952:CO 1934:RO 1897:PR 1889:PR 1873:CS 1829:RN 1814:py 1806:NO 1796:NO 1775:NH 1759:Si 1684:70 1680:60 1653:CO 1648:CO 1643:CN 1622:RC 1610:CH 1586:CH 1540:BR 1456:. 1446:44 1444:. 1420:. 1410:48 1408:. 1383:77 1381:. 1358:. 1348:99 1346:. 1323:. 1315:. 1307:. 1295:. 1236:. 1203:. 1170:. 1136:. 1103:. 1038:11 1036:. 1013:. 1005:. 995:25 993:. 989:. 959:. 947:^ 918:. 910:. 900:40 898:. 853:^ 839:. 827:. 815:^ 797:. 770:. 720:NO 673:Cp 660:P) 652:P) 605:: 539:: 519:NO 475:NH 397:CO 373:Co 369:: 269:3v 183:2g 130:. 74:CO 60:. 3497:) 3484:) 3477:) 3470:) 3460:) 3456:( 3450:) 3433:) 3425:B 3419:) 3407:/ 3389:2 3387:O 3376:4 3342:L 3333:L 3249:L 3147:L 3143:L 3134:L 3130:L 3093:L 3089:L 3080:L 3076:L 3067:L 3063:L 2956:L 2952:L 2943:L 2939:L 2930:L 2852:) 2848:( 2786:: 2771:: 2697:: 2593:n 2546:) 2542:2 2534:: 2530:/ 2467:) 2463:3 2380:: 2369:) 2365:( 2222:e 2215:t 2208:v 2188:I 2172:2 2170:F 2165:F 2148:S 2141:O 2139:2 2131:3 2129:O 2127:2 2125:S 2119:2 2111:2 2109:S 2107:2 2105:C 2103:2 2101:R 2096:S 2094:2 2092:R 2081:2 2077:2 2075:R 2058:3 2050:4 2042:4 2034:2 2025:5 2023:H 2021:5 2019:C 2013:4 2005:3 1991:2 1989:R 1978:2 1970:4 1968:O 1966:2 1964:C 1958:3 1954:3 1946:2 1944:O 1939:O 1929:O 1927:2 1925:R 1920:O 1918:2 1916:H 1899:2 1891:3 1871:N 1864:2 1862:N 1857:N 1855:2 1851:3 1824:N 1808:2 1785:3 1783:N 1777:3 1757:3 1755:R 1745:n 1743:H 1726:7 1724:H 1722:9 1720:C 1714:5 1712:H 1710:5 1708:C 1697:2 1678:C 1672:6 1670:R 1668:6 1666:C 1661:C 1655:2 1637:4 1635:H 1633:6 1631:C 1626:R 1624:2 1616:2 1612:2 1604:3 1602:) 1600:2 1592:2 1588:2 1571:R 1554:n 1552:H 1550:m 1548:B 1542:2 1523:2 1521:H 1516:H 1494:e 1487:t 1480:v 1464:. 1452:: 1428:. 1416:: 1393:. 1389:: 1366:. 1354:: 1331:. 1303:: 1280:. 1246:. 1232:: 1213:. 1199:: 1180:. 1166:: 1146:. 1132:: 1113:. 1099:: 1080:. 1048:. 1044:: 1021:. 1001:: 971:. 967:: 941:. 926:. 906:: 882:. 847:. 835:: 809:. 723:x 695:2 691:2 684:2 680:2 676:2 662:2 658:3 654:2 650:3 639:O 637:2 633:2 623:O 621:2 617:2 612:n 592:e 582:2 580:H 545:3 527:O 525:2 521:3 517:2 513:3 493:2 491:H 485:3 481:2 477:2 469:2 467:K 446:n 436:2 434:) 432:4 428:4 416:6 391:3 379:8 375:2 266:C 238:4 116:2 112:2 107:4 100:3 37:. 23:.

Index

Nitro compound

Sodium nitroprusside
hypertension
complexes
nitric oxide
transition metal
ligand

CO
isoelectronic
carbon monoxide
carbonyl complexes
back-bonding
Co(NO)(CO)3
Ni(CO)4
isoelectronic
18-electron rule
triple bond

infrared spectroscopy
bond orders
triple bond
double bond
nitrosobenzene
electron counting
bridging ligand

Roussin's red salt
tetrahedra

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