384:(1071). As Psellos had served as Michael's teacher during the reign of Michael's father Constantine, and as he had played an important role in helping Michael gain power against his adversary and stepfather Romanos, Psellos probably entertained hopes of an even more influential position as a teacher and advisor under him. Michael seems to have been less inclined towards protecting Psellos and after the mid-1070s there is no more information about any role played by Psellos at court. As his autobiographic accounts cease at this point, there is little reliable information about his later years. Some scholars believe that Psellos had to retreat into a monastery again at some time during the 1070s. Following a remark by Psellos' fellow historian
727:
460:
438:(1071–1078). It is structured mainly as a series of biographies. Unlike most other historiographical works of the period, it emphasizes the description of characters rather than details of political and military events. It also includes extensive autobiographical elements about Psellos' political and intellectual development, and it gives far greater weight to those periods when Psellos was active in politics, especially the reign of Constantine IX, giving the whole work almost the character of a political memoir. It is believed to have been written in two parts. The first covers the emperors up to
2100:
608:) philosophers led to doubts about the orthodoxy of his faith among some of his contemporaries, and at one point he was forced to make a public profession of faith in his defense. He also prided himself on being a master of rhetoric, combining the wisdom of the philosopher and the persuasiveness of the rhetorician. This made him the model of a political leader and advisor. Among modern commentators, Psellos' penchant for long autobiographical digressions in his works has earned him accusations of vanity and ambition. At the same time, his political career and the contents of his
403:
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47:
674:, which mentions the name in that context. It is now believed that the inclusion of the name Psellos in this chronicle was the mistake of an ignorant copyist at a later time, and that no "Michael Psellos the elder" existed. The term "Pseudo-Psellos" is also used in modern scholarship to describe the authorship of several later works that are believed to have been falsely ascribed to Psellos in Byzantine times.
388:, it is believed by most scholars that Psellos died soon after the fall of Michael VII in 1078, although some scholars have also proposed later dates. What is known is that Theophylaktos of Bulgaria wrote a letter to Psellos's brother comforting him on the death of his brother saying that, "Your brother has not died, but has departed to
612:
have led commentators to characterize him as obsequious and opportunistic, because of his ostensibly uncritical stance towards some of the emperors and because of the many shifts in his political loyalty over the course of his life . However, other commentators argue that there is a powerful ironic
289:
Michael
Psellos was educated in Constantinople. At around the age of ten, he was sent to work outside the capital as a secretary of a provincial judge, to help his family raise the dowry for his sister. When his sister died, he gave up that position and returned to Constantinople to resume his
217:
monk, savant, writer, philosopher, imperial courtier, historian and music theorist. He was born in 1017 or 1018, and is believed to have died in 1078, although it has also been maintained that he remained alive until 1096. He served as a high ranking courtier and advisor to several
430:), a history of the Byzantine emperors during the 100 years leading up to Psellos' own time, is probably Psellos' best known and most accessible work. It covers the reigns of 14 emperors and empresses, beginning with the almost 50-year-long reign of
599:
Psellos was universally educated and had a reputation for being one of the most learned men of his time. He prided himself on having single-handedly reintroduced to
Byzantine scholarship a serious study of ancient philosophy, especially of
364:(reigned 1055–1056). Throughout the following years, he remained active in politics, serving as a high-ranking political advisor to successive emperors. He played a decisive political role in the transition of power from
2426:
628:, "In 1054 he was accused by his erstwhile friend, the future Patriarch John Xiphilinos, of forsaking Christ to follow Plato." Even stronger doubts arose concerning Psellos' student,
306:. For some time, he worked in the provinces again, now a judge. Some time before 1042 he returned again to Constantinople, where he got a junior position at court as a secretary (
1139:
P. Gautier, Theophylacte d'Achrida. Lettres. Corpus
Fontium Historiae Byzantinae. Series Thessalonicensis 16.2. Thessalonica: Association for Byzantine Research, 1986. Letter 132
690:", there is a reference to "the Platonic Constantinopolitan, Michael Psellus" as an authority on "the invisible inhabitants of this planet, neither departed souls nor angels".
286:; Michael was the monastic name he chose when he entered a monastery later in life. "Psellos" ('the stammerer') probably was a personal by-name referring to a speech defect.
222:
and was instrumental in the re-positioning of power of those emperors. Psellos has made lasting contributions to
Byzantine culture by advocating for the revival of Byzantine
514:
1154:"The Life and Ideology of Byzantine Women: A Further Note on Conventions of Behaviour and Social Reality as Reflected in Eleventh and Twelfth Century Historical Sources"
699:
349:
2046:
274:
The main sources of information about
Psellos' life are his works, which contain extensive autobiographical passages. Michael Psellos was probably born in
456:
said: "This book by
Michael Psellus is so fascinating that if you only read one book about Byzantium, by a Byzantine, that would be the one I’d choose".
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939:
2066:
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As mentioned above, serious questions were raised during
Psellos' lifetime concerning his religious beliefs. For example, according to Byzantinist
1403:
19:
This article is about the 11th-century
Byzantine historian and philosopher. For the 9th-century Byzantine Emperor with the byname Psellus, see
348:
Towards the end of
Monomachos' reign, Psellos found himself under political pressure for some reason and decided to leave court, entering the
2406:
1319:, edited by Isabel Grimm-Stadelmann, Alexander Riehle, Raimondo Tocci and Martin Marko Vučetić, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2023, pp. 21–28.
2188:
2547:
2542:
2497:
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1317:
Anekdota
Byzantina: Studien zur byzantinischen Geschichte und Kultur. Festschrift für Albrecht Berger anlässlich seines 65. Geburtstags
1954:
1315:
Bardi, Alberto. "Michael Psellos on the Sizes of the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth: A Note on De omnifaria doctrina 127 (Westerink)".
282:
and, according to his own testimony, counted members of the consular and patrician elite among its ancestors. His baptismal name was
805:
2567:
1290:
Lowell Clucas: "The Trial of John Italos and the Crisis of Intellectual Values in Byzantium in the Eleventh Century", München 1981
2502:
668:. Michael Psellos was also called "the younger" by some authors. This belief was based on an entry in a medieval chronicle, the
482:
A large number of scientific, philosophical and religious treatises. He wrote or compiled an important work on philosophy, the
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299:
632:, who succeeded Psellos as Chief of the Philosophers. Italos was publicly accused of teaching such "Hellenizing" ideas as
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740:
312:) in the imperial chancellery and began a rapid ascent at court. He became an influential political advisor to emperor
2557:
2527:
1860:
553:
295:
1783:
1332:
E. Pietsch: Die "Chronographia" des Michael Psellos: Kaisergeschichte, Autobiographie und Apologie, Wiesbaden 2005.
1301:
Le premier humanisme byzantin: Notes et remarques sur enseignement et culture à Byzance des origines au Xe siècle.
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2512:
2411:
687:
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1668:
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1947:
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617:, transmitting highly critical and subversive messages about the emperors portrayed, or even about Byzantine
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361:
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2016:
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162:
958:
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1555:
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637:
191:
1338:
F. Lauritzen, Depiction of Character in the Chronographia of Michael Psellos, Turnhout 2013.
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2011:
1986:
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342:
1050:
982:
479:"Historia syntomos", a shorter, didactic historical text in the form of a world chronicle.
8:
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2145:
2006:
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A funeral oration for his mother, including a large amount of autobiographic information.
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52:
1335:
S. Papaioannou, Michael Psellos: Rhetoric and Authorship in Byzantium, Cambridge 2013.
1329:
A. Kaldellis, Anthony Kaldellis: The argument of Psellos' Chronographia, Boston 1999.
1260:
Die "Chronographia" des Michael Psellos: Kaisergeschichte, Autobiographie und Apologie
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in 1054. After Monomachos' death he was recalled to court by his successor, Empress
345:
had lost nearly all of its connections to its Roman roots by the High Middle Ages.
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2001:
1996:
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442:. The second, which has a much more strongly apologetic tone, is in large parts an
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640:. Italos faced such accusations twice, and both times he confessed and recanted.
385:
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Essays on Euripides and George of Pisidia and on Heliodorus and Achilles Tatius.
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It was once thought that there was another Byzantine writer of the same name,
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Museum of Ancient Greek, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Musical Instruments
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23:. "Michael Psellus the Elder" redirects here and is covered below under
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1072:"The Great Schism: The Estrangement of Eastern and Western Christendom"
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262:, which serves as a valuable source on the history of the 11th century
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1377:
Greek Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes
530:(summoning spirits) despite the study being forbidden by the church.
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2198:
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Mittelalterliche Philosophie im Verhältnis zu Antike und Spätantike
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255:
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1932:
329:). Despite his eminence and prowess in learning, his knowledge of
246:, philosophy, and psychology. Among his most famous works are his
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534:
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2251:
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908:
Ed. Leendert G. Westerink, John M. Duffy. München/Leipzig 2002.
820:'"Éloge inédit du lecteur Jean Kroustoulas." Ed. Paul Gautier.
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338:
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Rulers of the Byzantine Empire in the 11th century. Based on
321:
320:, bearing the honorary title of "Chief of the Philosophers" (
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757:
Chronographie ou histoire d'un siècle de Byzance (976–1077).
446:
on Psellus' protectors, the emperors of the Doukas dynasty.
316:(reigned 1042–1055) and became the leading professor at the
51:
Michael Psellos (left) with his student, Byzantine emperor
745:(in Latin). Leiden: Bonaventura Elzevier, Abraham Elzevier
771:, ed. E. R. A. Sewter. London 1953. English translation,
578:) and speeches addressed to his patron emperors at court.
389:
248:
Commentary on Plato’s Teachings on the Origin of the Soul
697:
includes a poem about Psellus in his 1986 collection,
613:
undercurrent running through his work, especially the
16:
11th-century Byzantine monk, writer and court official
1115:
Die hochsprachliche profane Literatur der Byzantiner.
890:
2 vols. Ed. Eduard Kurtz, Franz Drexl. Milan 1936/41.
434:(976–1025), and ending some time during the reign of
884:. Ed. Leendert G. Westerink. Stuttgart/Leipzig 1992.
604:. His predilection for Plato and other pagan (often
784:
Vidas de los emperadores des Bizancio (Cronografia)
570:, persuasive speeches (including works against the
196:
938:
765:Ed. Salvatore Impellizzeri. 2 vols. Vicenza 1984.
515:De operatione dæmonum (On the Operation of Demons)
269:
2474:
848:Ed. Elizabeth A. Fisher. Stuttgart/Leipzig 1994.
1270:
1268:
1133:
1094:Perikles P. Joannou: "Psellos et le monastère *
780:, ed. Vrasidas Karalis. 2 vols. Athen 1992/96 .
590:Occasional, satirical, and epigrammatic verse.
392:released of both a painful life and disease".
341:. This is cited as a prime example of how the
1948:
1397:
854:Ed. George T. Dennis. Stuttgart/Leipzig 1994.
1265:
1235:Pandemonium: A Visual History of Demonology
888:Scripta minora magnam partem adhuc inedita.
864:Orazione in memoria di Constantino Lichudi.
759:Ed. Émile Renauld. 2 vols. Paris 1926/28. .
677:
660:in the 9th century, and who was a pupil of
1955:
1941:
1404:
1390:
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872:Ed. John M. Duffy. Stuttgart/Leipzig 1992.
526:dialogue. He wrote a treatise on alchemy,
45:
1284:
1126:Ioannes Polemis: "When did Psellos die?"
1120:
1088:
860:. Ed. Antony R. Littlewood. Leipzig 1984.
824:, n.s. 17–19 (27–29), 1980–1982: 119–147.
533:Various didactic poems on topics such as
238:as precursors and integral components of
1411:
1107:
822:Rivista di studi bizantini e neoellenici
808:. Nürnberg 1838, reprint Amsterdam 1964.
798:Ed. Leendert G. Westerink. Utrecht 1948.
786:. Ed. Juan Signes Codoñer. Madrid 2005 .
725:
548:or funeral orations over the patriarchs
458:
401:
1279:The argument of Psellos' Chronographia.
1148:
959:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.22501
936:
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254:, a series of biographies from emperor
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1022:
414:'s love of perfumes, 15th century copy
208:
1936:
1385:
1231:
878:Ed. Dominic J. O'Meara. Leipzig 1989.
763:Imperatori di Bisanzio (Cronografia).
486:Other works deal with topics such as
372:in 1057; then from Isaac Komnenos to
333:was cloudy enough for him to confuse
1060:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
994:
992:
940:"Psellus [Psellos], Michael"
1962:
1356:. De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston 2017,
1218:Tr. Marcus Collisson. Sydney 1843.
842:. Ed. Willem J. Aerts. Berlin 1990.
814:Tr. Marcus Collision. Sydney 1843.
790:Autobiografia (Encomio per la madre
703:, "Mezzomephistophelean Scholion".
587:exercises and essays on set themes.
24:
13:
1309:
475:Psellos left many other writings:
226:, which would later influence the
14:
2594:
2548:11th-century Byzantine scientists
2543:11th-century Greek mathematicians
2498:11th-century Byzantine historians
2493:11th-century Byzantine physicians
1861:Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos
1367:
1190:
1048:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
989:
792:. Ed. Ugo Criscuolo. Naples 1989.
643:
581:Several hundred personal letters.
2457:
2456:
2098:
1784:Nikephoros Bryennios the Younger
866:Ed. Ugo Criscuolo. Messina 1983.
395:
2568:11th-century Greek philosophers
1225:
1209:
1184:
1142:
902:Ed. Paul Gautier. Leipzig 1989.
836:Ed. Ugo Criscuolo. Naples 1990.
830:Ed. Ugo Criscuolo. Naples 1990.
688:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
621:beliefs and morality at large.
376:Doukas (1059), then again from
2503:11th-century Byzantine writers
1669:Nikephoros I of Constantinople
1374:(in Latin, Greek, and English)
1064:
1041:
1016:
930:
896:Ed. Andrew R. Dyck. Wien 1989.
656:), who lived on the island of
594:
470:
294:, he met the later Patriarchs
290:studies. While studying under
270:Biography and political career
1:
924:
834:Epistola a Michele Kerulario.
828:Epistola a Giovanni Xifilino.
432:Basil II, the "Bulgar-Slayer"
230:, as well as by interpreting
86:
67:
2523:11th-century Byzantine monks
2439:School of Ecclesiastic Music
983:UK public library membership
318:University of Constantinople
129:University of Constantinople
7:
912:
721:
197:
64:Constantine Michael Psellos
10:
2599:
2573:11th-century Greek writers
1794:Eustathius of Thessalonica
1470:Socrates of Constantinople
1096:
1029:World History Encyclopedia
670:
554:Constantine III Leichoudes
322:
308:
18:
2533:11th-century philosophers
2447:
2399:
2363:
2322:
2289:
2237:Byzantine Musical Symbols
2219:
2154:
2133:
2107:
2096:
1979:
1970:
1884:
1848:
1827:
1776:
1735:
1689:
1651:
1635:
1609:
1536:Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite
1488:
1417:
1325:10.1515/9783111070315-002
1128:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
1102:Byzantinische Zeitschrift
919:Byzantine Aristotelianism
846:Orationes hagiographicae.
739:Psellus, Michael (1647).
714:, the final piece of the
671:Σύνοψις Κεδρηνοῦ-Σκυλίτση
650:Michael Psellos the Elder
427:
314:Constantine IX Monomachos
278:. His family hailed from
210:[mixaˈilpseˈlːos]
186:
168:
146:
134:
124:
102:
95:
82:
59:
44:
39:
32:
2558:11th-century astronomers
2528:Byzantine letter writers
1659:Theophanes the Confessor
1232:Simon, Ed (2022-02-22).
806:Jean-François Boissonade
706:Psellos appears also in
700:Two Horse Wagon Going By
678:References in literature
302:, and the later emperor
2027:Joseph the Hymnographer
1902:Laonikos Chalkokondyles
1591:Theophanes of Byzantium
1541:Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
1506:Eustathius of Epiphania
1450:Panodorus of Alexandria
1347:Christliche Philosophie
1216:De operatione daemonum.
1051:"Michael Psellus"
1004:Encyclopedia Britannica
951:Oxford University Press
937:Richter, Lukas (2001).
876:Philosophica minora II.
812:De operatione daemonum.
802:De operatione daemonum.
742:Compendium mathematicum
731:Compendium mathematicum
684:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
664:and teacher of emperor
327:hypatos tōn philosophōn
2578:11th-century educators
2513:Christian philosophers
2391:Thrasyvoulos Stanitsas
2264:Hagiopolitan Octoechos
2259:Neobyzantine Octoechos
2017:Theophanes the Branded
1727:Theophanes Continuatus
1445:Olympiodorus of Thebes
1425:Annianus of Alexandria
870:Philosophica minora I.
852:Orationes panegyricae.
796:De omnifaria doctrina.
734:
484:De omnifaria doctrina.
467:
415:
296:Constantine Leichoudes
163:Constantine Leichoudes
2553:Byzantine astronomers
2422:Monastery of Stoudios
2371:Greek Byzantine Choir
1922:Pseudo-George Kodinos
1866:John VI Kantakouzenos
1840:Theodore Skoutariotes
1627:Theophylact Simocatta
1556:Liberatus of Carthage
1511:Evagrius Scholasticus
1117:2 vols. München 1978.
1057:Catholic Encyclopedia
729:
695:Christopher Middleton
638:eternity of the world
462:
405:
242:. His texts combined
2563:11th-century jurists
2451:*also music theorist
2386:Konstantinos Pringos
2232:72 equal temperament
2032:Joseph the Confessor
2012:Theodore the Studite
1987:Romanos the Melodist
1814:Constantine Manasses
1643:Hippolytus of Thebes
1622:Trajan the Patrician
1516:Hesychius of Miletus
1501:Cyril of Scythopolis
1412:Byzantine historians
343:Eastern Roman Empire
323:ὕπατος τῶν φιλοσόφων
304:Constantine X Doukas
2488:11th-century deaths
2007:Stephen the Sabaite
1856:Nicephorus Gregoras
1743:Michael Attaleiates
1576:Peter the Patrician
1465:Sabinus of Heraclea
1303:Paris 1971. (ch. 6)
550:Michael Keroularios
522:as part of an anti-
236:Platonic philosophy
228:Italian Renaissance
155:Michael Attaleiates
2538:11th-century poets
2381:Iakovos Nafpliotis
2376:Nikodimos Kabarnos
2335:Solon Hadjisolomos
2090:Janus Plousiadenos
2047:Nikephoros Ethikos
1907:Michael Critobulus
1835:George Akropolites
1566:Menander Protector
1521:John Diakrinomenos
1258:Efthymia Pietsch:
1023:Cartwright, Mark.
946:Grove Music Online
735:
712:Viking: King's Man
518:, which offered a
468:
436:Michael VII Doukas
416:
382:Michael VII Doukas
240:Christian doctrine
220:Byzantine emperors
159:Michael VII Doukas
53:Michael VII Doukas
2470:
2469:
2433:Only-begotten Son
2350:Miloš Velimirović
2269:Papadic Octoechos
2141:Paschal troparion
2120:George Pachymeres
2083:Manuel Chrysaphes
1973:List of composers
1930:
1929:
1917:George Sphrantzes
1876:Michael Panaretos
1871:George Pachymeres
1789:Niketas Choniates
1680:Scriptor Incertus
1674:George Hamartolos
1561:Marcellinus Comes
1531:John of Epiphania
1362:978-3-11-052597-7
1275:Anthony Kaldellis
1262:. Wiesbaden 2005.
1245:978-1-64700-389-0
1025:"Michael Psellos"
1000:"Michael Psellus"
981:(subscription or
968:978-1-56159-263-0
840:Historia Syntomos
693:The British poet
652:(now also called
626:Anthony Kaldellis
350:Olympus monastery
224:classical studies
195:
172:
171:
147:Doctoral students
97:Scientific career
2590:
2460:
2459:
2125:Manuel Bryennios
2102:
2086:
2057:John Koukouzelis
2052:Gregorios Glykys
2002:Cosmas of Maiuma
1997:John of Damascus
1957:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1768:Yahya of Antioch
1722:Symeon Logothete
1664:George Syncellus
1596:Zacharias Rhetor
1586:Theodorus Lector
1406:
1399:
1392:
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1382:
1375:
1304:
1297:
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1220:Full online text
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1118:
1113:Herbert Hunger:
1111:
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1076:orthodoxinfo.com
1068:
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942:
934:
816:Full online text
773:Full online text
753:
751:
750:
682:In the gloss of
673:
672:
520:demonic taxonomy
440:Isaac I Komnenos
429:
370:Isaac I Komnenos
325:
324:
311:
310:
264:Byzantine Empire
212:
207:
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190:
188:
136:Doctoral advisor
91:
88:
72:
69:
49:
30:
29:
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2583:Greek educators
2518:Christian poets
2508:Byzantine poets
2473:
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2417:Cappella Romana
2395:
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2330:Enrica Follieri
2318:
2285:
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2150:
2129:
2115:Michael Psellos
2103:
2094:
2081:
2042:Constantine VII
2037:Leo VI the Wise
1992:Andrew of Crete
1975:
1966:
1964:Byzantine music
1961:
1931:
1926:
1892:John Anagnostes
1880:
1844:
1823:
1819:Joannes Zonaras
1772:
1763:John Xiphilinus
1753:Michael Psellos
1748:George Kedrenos
1731:
1707:John Kaminiates
1702:Joseph Genesius
1697:Constantine VII
1685:
1647:
1631:
1617:John of Antioch
1605:
1526:John of Ephesus
1484:
1413:
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1373:
1370:
1343:Michael Psellos
1312:
1310:Further reading
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858:Oratoria minora
748:
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724:
680:
666:Leo VI the Wise
646:
597:
558:John Xiphilinos
473:
400:
386:Joannes Zonaras
300:John Xiphilinos
272:
234:literature and
215:Byzantine Greek
204:Byzantine Greek
202:
198:Michaḗl Psellós
175:Michael Psellos
89:
78:
73:
70:
66:
65:
55:
35:
34:Michael Psellos
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2297:Byzantine lyra
2293:
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2256:
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2177:Byzantine Rite
2174:
2169:
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2158:
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2137:
2135:
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2067:Joannes Glykys
2064:
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2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
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1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
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1799:Michael Glykas
1796:
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1758:John Skylitzes
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1714:
1712:Leo the Deacon
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1368:External links
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1305:
1299:Paul Lemerle:
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1164:(2): 377–378.
1150:Garland, Lynda
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988:
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906:Theologica II.
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716:Viking trilogy
679:
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654:Pseudo-Psellos
645:
644:Pseudo-Psellos
642:
634:metempsychosis
596:
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399:
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276:Constantinople
271:
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260:Nikephoros III
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141:John Mauropous
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119:historiography
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25:Pseudo-Psellos
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2112:
2110:
2106:
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2091:
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2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:John Laskaris
2075:
2073:
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2065:
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2062:Xenos Korones
2060:
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1820:
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1812:
1810:
1809:John Kinnamos
1807:
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1717:Pseudo-Simeon
1715:
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1191:Books, Five.
1187:
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1123:
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952:
948:
947:
941:
933:
929:
920:
917:
916:
907:
904:
901:
900:Theologica I.
898:
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883:
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778:Chronographia
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769:Chronographia
767:
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615:Chronographia
611:
610:Chronographia
607:
603:
589:
586:
583:
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536:
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516:
512:
509:
505:
501:
500:jurisprudence
497:
493:
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477:
476:
466:
461:
457:
455:
454:Judith Herrin
451:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
425:
421:
420:Chronographia
413:
409:
408:Chronographia
406:Excerpt from
404:
398:
397:Chronographia
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:Constantine X
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:Mount Olympus
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
319:
315:
309:ὑπογραμματεύς
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:John Mauropus
287:
285:
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277:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:Chronographia
249:
245:
241:
237:
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216:
211:
205:
199:
193:
187:Μιχαὴλ Ψελλός
184:
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156:
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145:
142:
139:
137:
133:
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116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
85:
81:
77:
62:
58:
54:
48:
43:
40:Μιχαήλ Ψελλός
38:
31:
26:
22:
2483:1010s births
2431:
2412:Protopsaltes
2355:Egon Wellesz
2274:Nana (echos)
2114:
1897:John Cananus
1885:15th century
1849:14th century
1828:13th century
1804:Anna Komnene
1777:12th century
1752:
1736:11th century
1690:10th century
1678:
1551:John Malalas
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1316:
1300:
1295:
1286:
1281:Boston 1999.
1278:
1259:
1254:
1234:
1227:
1215:
1211:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:
1186:
1161:
1157:
1144:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1104:44: 283–290.
1101:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:
1066:
1055:
1043:
1032:. Retrieved
1028:
1018:
1007:. Retrieved
1003:
974:25 September
972:. Retrieved
944:
932:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
821:
811:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
768:
762:
756:
747:. Retrieved
741:
730:
715:
711:
705:
698:
692:
681:
653:
649:
647:
623:
614:
609:
598:
545:
513:
483:
474:
464:
448:
419:
417:
407:
396:
380:Diogenes to
347:
326:
288:
283:
273:
251:
247:
178:
174:
173:
125:Institutions
96:
2407:Akolouthiai
2302:Cretan lyra
2290:Instruments
2072:John Kladas
1652:9th century
1636:8th century
1610:7th century
1489:6th century
1418:5th century
1341:D. Walter,
1193:"Byzantium"
708:Tim Severin
630:John Italos
606:Neoplatonic
595:Personality
471:Other works
450:Byzantinist
428:Χρονογραφία
412:empress Zoe
410:discussing
284:Constantine
151:John Italus
90: 1096
71: 1018
2477:Categories
2364:Performers
2189:Koinonikon
2172:Cherubikon
1435:John Rufus
1238:. Abrams.
1202:2024-03-14
1197:Five Books
1130:58: 73–76.
1081:2018-03-24
1034:2024-03-12
1009:2024-03-12
949:. Oxford:
925:References
749:2015-06-19
585:Rhetorical
568:panegyrics
546:Epitaphioi
524:Manichaean
452:historian
378:Romanos IV
366:Michael VI
250:, and the
115:psychology
111:philosophy
21:Michael II
2247:Octoechos
2211:Sticheron
2206:Troparion
2194:Kontakion
2162:Aposticha
2146:Octoechos
2108:Theorists
1980:Composers
1581:Procopius
1480:Theodoret
1350:in Byzanz
1170:0378-2506
1158:Byzantion
1097:Τὰ Ναρσοῦ
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710:'s novel
686:'s poem "
619:Christian
566:Several
539:rhetorics
508:laography
488:astronomy
280:Nicomedia
192:romanized
2462:Category
2323:Scholars
2309:Thaboura
2199:Akathist
2182:Kathisma
1571:Nonnosus
1546:Jordanes
1496:Agathias
1430:Eunapius
1178:44171058
1152:(1988).
913:See also
722:Editions
636:and the
576:Euchites
572:Bogomils
492:medicine
444:encomium
362:Theodora
358:Bithynia
256:Basil II
244:theology
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107:Theology
2400:Related
2314:Organon
2227:Petasti
2134:Liturgy
1601:Zosimus
1475:Sozomen
1460:Priscus
1440:Malchus
882:Poemata
662:Photius
535:grammar
528:theurgy
504:physics
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496:music
424:Greek
337:with
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1166:ISSN
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