623:. Using the perimeter of the former Trecento church, Michelozzo added a polygonal apse, similar in form to that at Bosco ai Frati; it was lighted by three long round arch pietra serena windows which can still be seen in the upper story of the convent. The pointed entrance arch rested on two pilasters with large, classical Corinthian capitals surmounted by a dado decorated with the Medici balls (also still visible). In front of the apse was the Capella Maggiore, covered with groin vaulting. The nave was a single open space without aisles, adorned with ediculas or altars (three on each side), and covered with a wooden beamed ceiling. Separating the nave and the Cappella Maggiore was a high wall (tramezzo) with two doors. In the later remodelling of the church, the wall was removed and the doors were transferred to the polygonal apse where they are now located. Their fluted pilasters are crowned with composite capitals identical to those in the Barbadori Chapel in S. Felicita by Brunelleschi, and above the architrave with classical mouldings, the frieze is decorated, like the capitals at Bosco ai Frati, with the Medici balls."
266:. Michelozzo's first projects with Ghiberti was the North Door of the Baptistry between the years 1417 and 1423/4, in which Michelozzo's responsibilities "could only have been in the chasing and gilding of the panels, possibly in casting the four late reliefs...and in the frame....Most of his work on the doors is submerged, like that of the other assistants, in the force of Ghiberti's design and personality." From this, Michelozzo learned how to run a closely supervised shop, how to organize it efficiently, how to train and control assistants, and how to deal shrewdly in business and financial affairs. "He was exposed to Ghiberti's use of antique motifs, he absorbed Ghiberti's ability in juxtaposing antique and Gothic elements, and he was undoubtedly influenced by Ghiberti's style and artistic concepts." While working under Ghiberti, Michelozzo created the statue of the young St. John over the door of the
521:
592:
1550:
701:
336:
1054:
45:
676:
Cerchi Chapel on "the ground floor of the Ex-Library wing at the end adjacent to the Ex-Refectory is evidently inserted into older peripheral walls which survived the 1423 fire. The language of the details (pilasters flanking the opening into the little square choir, capitals of the lunette vaults of the hall in front of the choir - which overlap older windows in the side walls) is that of the
Michelozzo circle."
317:). Though Donatello is the more well-known of the two, "it would be a mistake to underrate Michelozzo's share in the work, for where Donatello appears as the sole designer of architectural ornament his style is quite different. He completely subordinates the architectural setting to his sculpture and makes architecture, so to speak, its handmaid. The beautiful ornamental sculpture in Brunelleschi's
730:, Michelozzo's designs paved the way for the rapid development of the Central Italian Palazzo type. He developed the aisleless church and became the pioneer of a plan-type of sacred building, which is the most important in modern times. He transformed secular building and his adaptability in use of traditional forms enabled him to evolve good compromise solutions for distant regions, such as
583:
grow lighter as they ascend on the upper stories), the classical columns and fluted capitals in the bifore windows, the great classical cornice crowning the building and the small ones dividing the stories, the massive rectangular proportions of the block of square, and the regularity of the disposition of the windows, which, however, are asymmetrical in regard to the doors."
499:. In 1469, Niccolò began his political career as a notary in the Florentine Cancelleria, and he was often sent on important missions as ambassador for the Florentine Republic between 1489 and 1494. Following the downfall of the Medici, he was imprisoned for a brief time before clearing his name in 1496 and becoming the precounsel of the
555:. The palazzo's exterior is not articulated by Vitruvian orders, and its big arches of its ground floor are not aligned with the windows of the upper stories. Instead, Michelozzo focused on the contrast between surface textures, such as the contrast between "the natural rustication of the ground floor, the flat ashlared courses of the
651:, and detailing it with a ten-sided exterior with deep, over-semicircular chapels. He also opted for a drum and a dome without ribs. Though the Santissima Annunziata was Michelozzo's attempt to surpass Brunelleschi on his ground, "a comparison of the two ground plans suffices to show how utterly superior Brunelleschi's is."
348:
patron." Their relationship was best described by Angelo
Fabroni in 1789, who said: "Cosimo loved Michelozzo dearly and relied on him, not only because of his natural talents (he considered nobody, not even Brunelleschi, superior in all architectural judgments), but also because of his good qualities and worthy character."
635:, lord of Mantua and general of the Florentine troops, the choir was created in commemoration of Gonzaga's father and "for the celebration of masses for his soul." Cosimo had already commissioned Michelozzo with the construction of the church's vestibulum and atrium in order to continue Brunelleschi's idea of a forum
741:
In his careful treatment of architectural ornament, "Michelozzo was able to adopt ideas and turn them to good account as well as to transmit new ones. The styles of
Manetti, Bernardo Rossellino, Giuliano da Maiano, and even of Giuliano da Sangallo are unimaginable without the support and influence of
220:
at an unknown date. Borgognone lived and worked in the Santa Croce quarter of
Florence as a tailor, and was made a Florentine citizen on 9 April 1376. Michelozzo had three brothers named Leonardo (b. 1389/90), Zanobi (b. 1391), and Giovanni (b. 1403). By 1391, Michelozzo's family had moved to the San
582:
One of
Michelozzo's most well-known architectural projects, the palace led to the development of a new architectural type: the Florentine Renaissance palace. Among the many Michelozzo innovations on the facade, the most notable include: "the use of bugnato digradante (large unevenly-cut stones which
438:
According to "Architecture in Italy, 1400-1500, Volume 53", Michelozzo's architecture contrasts with
Brunelleschi in its closer adherence to the "immediately preceding Gothic tradition, the Gothic classicism which appears in the Loggia dei Lanzi or the monastery of S. Matteo." Ludwig Heydenreich and
675:
capitals) which originally extended across the cloister to the elevated loggia on the south side of the church, running along the eastern flank of the San
Giuliano (Mellini) Chapel...which divided the first cloister into two parts before its destruction in the nineteenth century." Additionally, the
347:
Few historians have disputed Cosimo's close relationship to
Michelozzo, who was the Medici architect for nearly forty years. "Michelozzo was more agreeable and accessible to the advice and desires of Cosimo than the turbulent Brunelleschi, and was willing to follow the strong personal tastes of his
369:
in 1434 for Cosimo, though this claim contradicts the original description and documents of the library, which indicate that although the library's construction was started by Cosimo, it was largely built under the direction of Medici bank manager
Giovanni d'Orino Lanfredini between 1467 and 1478,
618:
The first part undertaken by
Michelozzo was "the rebuilding of the old refectory, where a low vault, supported by consoles much like those in the sacristy at S. Trinita, was built to sustain the cells above. Work began on the church in 1438 and was probably completed three years later, though
451:
In 1441, Michelozzo launched a legal complaint to remove himself from the responsibility of his two older brothers' debts. Andrea di Benozo, representative for Giovanni, Zanobi, and Michelozzo, elected arbitrators to weigh the complaints. After studying documents and proofs for six weeks, the
610:
has been called the first Renaissance church, though it seems to be a compromise between the Trecento tradition and the Renaissance spirit. The plain white walls without frescos differ from the coloristic tradition of the Trecento and were essential to Michelozzo's architectural concepts and
605:
The fundamental basis of all monastic compounds built by architects during the Renaissance, this was one of Michelozzo's first and most influential architectural projects in Florence. Constructed at the expense of Cosimo dei Medici, the project began sometime between the years 1437 and 1438.
447:
Michelozzo married Francesca, daughter of Piero di Ambrogio Galligari, in late January or February 1441. At the time of their marriage, she was 20 years old, and he was 45. Francesca's dowry of 425 florins was about average for an upper-middle-class family at that time. The size of her dowry
615:. Like many of his projects, San Marco was constructed with incredible rapidity. Unlike Brunelleschi, Michelozzo was able to finish what he started, largely due to Michelozzo's efficiency and due to the availability of adequate financing from Cosimo throughout the campaign.
289:, where "Ghiberti started to fuse together late-Gothic and antique forms." Both Donatello and Michelozzo began as sculptors with an uncompromising dedication to antiquity, and this was evident when Donatello enlisted Michelozzo's help in the decoration of the tabernacle of
460:
Four boys and three girls resulted from Michelozzo's marriage to Francesca, of whom five survived their father. Bartolomeo, who became a sculptor, was born in 1442; Piero in 1443; Antonia in 1445; Niccolo in 1447; Marietta in 1453; Bernardo in 1455; and Lisabetta in 1459.
365:, was motivated by his great love and fidelity for Cosimo to accompany him into exile in Venice from 1433 to 1434. Historians have cited this as an unparalleled example of esteem between artist and patron. Vasari also claimed that Michelozzo built the library of
377:
in Florence, built by Cosimo, was designed by him; it is one of the noblest specimens of Italian fifteenth-century architecture, in which the great taste and skill of the architect has combined the delicate lightness of the earlier Italian
574:
windows, the symmetry and the dominance of the entrance axis, and the combination of traditional and progressive elements. The arcades and entablature of the palazzo's courtyard also follows the model of the loggia of the
464:
Two of his sons, Niccolò and Bernardo, were partially educated by the Medici and may have lived in the Palazzo Medici during their youth. They later achieved success in the highest humanistic circles of Florence.
667:
work at Santa Croce (and there is no reason to doubt it in spite of the lack of documentation) then Michelozzo and his circle probably handled the entire operation as at San Marco, SS. Annunziata and elsewhere."
321:
shows how far Donatello would go with his sculpture in order to provide it with an effective frame in the extraordinarily vigorous modelling of the broad, slanting surrounds of his overdoors and medallions."
1488:
547:, that of the Palazzo Medici follows the tradition of the Tuscan late-medieval palazzo, but without the more eye-catching symbols of civic power, which would have been incompatible with Cosimo's role as
2205:
394:, Michelozzo was employed to rebuild the domestic part and remodel the church. For Cosimo he designed numerous other buildings, most of them of noteworthy importance. Among these were a guest-house at
452:
arbitrators found that the two brothers were the cause behind most of Michelozzo's debts, and they were required to relinquish their inheritance in partial compensation for the amounts they owed.
386:, then in a ruinous condition, and added to it many important rooms and staircases. When, in 1437, through Cosimo's liberality, the monastery of San Marco at Florence was handed over to the
1419:
224:
Little is known about Michelozzo's childhood, other than that he received a comprehensive education in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and that he began working as a die-engraver for the
1478:
1609:
1842:
1654:
1604:
361:
1714:
1639:
1785:
1659:
1644:
491:, where he formed friendships with other Florentine humanists who shared his love for antiquity. He excelled in literature and philosophy, and he later became secretary to
1760:
1649:
1619:
1069:
1780:
1704:
1689:
1674:
563:
in its size, its more urbane character, and its massive classicizing cornice. "In its succession of dentils, egg-and-dart and consoles, Michelozzo directly followed the
1694:
243:, one of the Guilds of Florence that represented the master stonemasons, wood-carvers, and sculptors. He later served as one of the consuls of the Guild in 1430.
1709:
1664:
671:
Michelozzo added various parts to the church and cloister of Santa Croce, including "the loggia in front of the Ex-Dormitory and Library (octagonal columns with
1493:
1629:
663:, Howard Saalman wrote that "the language of the details of the Ex-Dormitory and the Ex-Library wing points to Michelozzo. If Vasari is right and Michelozzo
2139:
1827:
1801:
1765:
1624:
1599:
1394:
246:
Michelozzo's father died sometime before 1427, and his mother passed sometime between 1433 and 1442. Michelozzo retained the family residence on
439:
Paul Davies argue that all of Michelozzo's buildings are "works of considerable standing...the most independent architect after Brunelleschi."
1034:
939:
293:. Michelozzo also became the partner responsible for the architectural frames of Donatello's sculptures such as the funerary monument of
1074:
1535:
1246:
1228:
216:
in 1396. He was the son of Bartolomeo di Gherardo Borgognone and Antonia. Borgognone was of French origin and arrived in Florence from
2285:
2265:
2210:, from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Michelozzo (see index)
2275:
2270:
1207:
632:
278:
on the altar-frontal of San Giovanni. In his tax declaration of 1427 Michelozzo calls himself as "in partnership" with Ghiberti.
382:
with the massive stateliness of the classical style. With great engineering skill Michelozzo shored up, and partly rebuilt, the
1212:
882:. Princeton Monographs in Art and Archaeology. Vol. 31 (1st Pb. of 2nd ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1775:
719:'s statement that he died at the age of sixty-eight, he appears to have lived until 1472. He is buried in the monastery of
640:
240:
228:
in 1410. As an engraver, Michelozzo learned how to cast, chase, and gild copper and bronze, two of the metals in which the
236:
goldsmith most commonly worked. He also gained immense precision of hand and a mastery of sculptural design in miniature.
1462:
756:
290:
2082:
970:
2260:
1877:
1389:
832:
1679:
1152:
415:
2280:
1699:
540:
298:
1483:
1399:
496:
2015:
1414:
1187:
492:
473:
570:
Brunelleschi's influence on Michelozzo is evident in the palazzo's design, especially in the late-medieval
2290:
1941:
1852:
1735:
1579:
1289:
751:
500:
488:
407:
1669:
1514:
1299:
1279:
1584:
1509:
1274:
611:
preference for large, unadorned surfaces, subtly articulated by necessary structural members in grey
2226:
1847:
1589:
1294:
1031:
606:
Reconstruction included the church, sacristy, cloister, monastic living quarters, and the library.
576:
2190:
2052:
1740:
1594:
1404:
1315:
1284:
766:
532:
525:
427:
419:
399:
340:
184:
2218:
2087:
1968:
1409:
1378:
1269:
1261:
1251:
1223:
776:
771:
423:
1999:
931:
504:
362:
The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, from Cimabue to Our Times
2232:
1887:
1745:
1519:
1197:
1192:
571:
469:
366:
297:. In 1428, together with Donatello, Michelozzo erected an open-air pulpit at an angle of the
271:
267:
865:
Donatello & Michelozzo: An Artistic Partnership and its Patrons in the Early Renaissance
2255:
2250:
1973:
1948:
1931:
1921:
1770:
1182:
1145:
742:
Michelozzo's artistic idiom in addition to that of Brunelleschi, and later, of Donatello."
559:
and the smooth masonry of the upper storey." The exterior also differs from the palazzo in
536:
352:
196:
169:
90:
72:
1107:
Donatello and Michelozzo: an artistic partnership and its patrons in the early Renaissance
8:
2180:
2134:
1320:
720:
705:
607:
595:
591:
520:
379:
294:
1120:
La scoperta di un Michelozzo inedito: una scala dimenticata nel convento dell’Annunziata
2185:
1806:
1427:
761:
689:
247:
20:
1549:
1447:
1953:
1926:
1614:
1442:
1432:
966:
828:
727:
564:
318:
700:
2175:
2165:
2124:
1634:
1457:
1372:
1341:
1238:
1217:
1103:
579:, which is symptomatically Brunelleschi's earliest and most un-Vitruvian building.
310:
275:
263:
251:
173:
2036:
2020:
1452:
1161:
1138:
1038:
484:
387:
383:
225:
165:
2225:
2160:
2155:
1978:
1873:
1832:
1684:
1437:
648:
639:. In designing the Santissima Annunziata, Michelozzo followed the model of the
620:
411:
374:
356:
254:. In addition, Michelozzo possessed a house and garden in S. Domino a Brozzi.
2244:
2213:
1750:
1571:
1065:
1060:
685:
612:
560:
544:
286:
2119:
1936:
1894:
1882:
1755:
1719:
647:, making the inner plan round, creating a dome that was as hemispheric the
123:
335:
2129:
2103:
2057:
1868:
1383:
1346:
233:
229:
161:
133:
1837:
1078:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 371.
1366:
1336:
1202:
477:
1822:
480:, first as his Chamberlain and then as his Secretary and Referendary.
2077:
1994:
1958:
395:
282:
192:
177:
157:
153:
119:
221:
Giovanni quarter, where they continued to live throughout his life.
735:
731:
709:
599:
217:
213:
188:
86:
68:
44:
1130:
1059:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
160:. Considered one of the great pioneers of architecture during the
2170:
391:
250:, which was near the Medici Palace and next door to the humanist
27:
539:
and gave his preference to Michelozzo. Like the exterior of the
239:
Beginning in the early 1420s, Michelozzo became a member of the
716:
448:
indicates a considerable rise in Michelozzo's social position.
965:. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division.
476:. In 1500, he was made a Florentine canon and was employed by
306:
302:
109:
726:
One of the most influential, yet unknown, architects of the
2207:
The Gubbio Studiolo and its conservation, volumes 1 & 2
644:
305:, designed for the regular public displays of their famous
963:"The Social World of the Florentine Humanists, 1390-1460"
370:
which was well after Michelozzo's departure from Venice.
285:, Michelozzo assisted in the building of the sacristy of
997:. New York: Thames & Hudson Ltd, London. p. 29.
878:
Krautheimer, Richard; Krautheimer-Hess, Trude (1982) .
827:. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. pp. 537–538.
626:
398:
for the use of Florentine pilgrims, Cosimo's summer
507:as the Second Chancellor of the Republic in 1513.
1032:What to visit in Stagno. Croatian tourist website
191:, he is often overshadowed by his contemporaries
2242:
176:in his early years, and later collaborated with
1013:Saalman, Howard (1966). "Michelozzo Studies".
1146:
1113:Michelozzo: scultore e architetto (1396–1472)
932:"I Luoghi della Fede: Chiesa di San Girolamo"
619:certainly by 1443 when it was consecrated by
468:Bernardo became a member of the household of
262:Beginning in 1420, Michelozzo studied under
1096:Ferrara, Miranda, and Francesco Quinterio.
995:The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance
903:Architecture in Italy, 1400-1500, Volume 53
900:
684:From 1461 through 1464, he constructed the
418:, Cosimo's son, he also built a very large
351:Michelozzo enjoyed a close relationship to
325:
143:Francesca di Ambrogio Galigari (7 children)
2223:
1536:Genealogical tables of the House of Medici
1153:
1139:
862:
422:. Between 1445 and 1451, he also expanded
168:architect who was extensively employed by
43:
1118:Carchio, Maria, and Roberto Manescalchi,
1064:
960:
699:
590:
519:
334:
1122:, Firenze: Ananke n°43, September 2004.
1012:
992:
915:
692:, the largest medieval wall in Europe.
433:
152:(1396 – 7 October 1472) was an Italian
2243:
822:
679:
487:from a young age and took part in the
355:throughout his life, and according to
1134:
1008:
1006:
1004:
924:
901:Heydenreich, Ludwig Heinrich (1974).
818:
816:
814:
812:
274:, along with the silver statuette of
2236:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
993:Frommel, Christoph Luitpold (2007).
988:
986:
984:
982:
905:. Yale University Press. p. 30.
896:
894:
892:
890:
847:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
483:Like Bernardo, Niccolò studied with
330:
241:Arte dei Maestri di Pietra e Legname
1160:
757:Tomb of Cardinal Rainaldo Brancacci
695:
150:Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi
59:Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi
13:
2083:Crown of the Grand Duke of Tuscany
1915:Painters, sculptors and architects
1093:, 2 vols. New York: Garland, 1977.
1083:
1001:
627:Choir of the Santissima Annunziata
257:
14:
2302:
2227:"Michelozzo di Bartolommeo"
2224:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1126:
979:
942:from the original on 21 June 2017
887:
789:
515:
406:that he rebuilt from 1452 as the
2286:Italian people of French descent
1988:Poets and other literary figures
1548:
1052:
877:
495:and continued in the post under
442:
2266:15th-century Italian architects
1025:
823:Caplow, Harriet McNeal (1977).
531:When Cosimo began building the
2276:15th-century Italian sculptors
2271:Italian Renaissance architects
954:
909:
871:
856:
841:
654:
183:Known primarily for designing
16:Italian architect and sculptor
1:
2166:Stories set to music: "opera"
782:
207:
62:
1115:. Florence: Centro Di, 1997.
1100:. Florence: Salimbeni, 1984.
586:
7:
1942:Michelangelo and the Medici
1786:Palazzo Medici di Ottaviano
1736:Casino Mediceo di San Marco
752:Tomb of Antipope John XXIII
745:
455:
408:Villa Medicea di Cafaggiolo
164:, Michelozzo was a favored
49:Fra Angelico's "Deposition"
10:
2307:
2009:Humanists and philosophers
1761:Palazzo Medici Tornaquinci
1109:. London: H. Miller, 1980.
884:, p. 87 and 408, Dig. 100.
270:in Florence, opposite the
25:
18:
2148:
2112:
2096:
2070:
2045:
2029:
2008:
1987:
1914:
1907:
1861:
1815:
1794:
1728:
1570:
1563:
1546:
1528:
1510:Giovanni delle Bande Nere
1502:
1471:
1355:
1329:
1308:
1260:
1237:
1193:Lorenzo "The Magnificent"
1175:
1168:
1070:Michelozzo di Bartolommeo
863:Lightbrown, R.W. (1980).
850:Michelozzo di Bartolommeo
848:Fabriczy, Cornelius von.
659:In the May 1966 issue of
430:at the behest of Cosimo.
139:
129:
115:
105:
97:
79:
54:
42:
35:
2261:Architects from Florence
1098:Michelozzo di Bartolomeo
1089:Caplow, Harriet McNeal.
961:Martines, Lauro (2011).
918:Magni Cosmi Medicei Vita
916:Fabroni, Angelo (1789).
867:. London: Harvey Miller.
535:in 1444, he passed over
510:
501:Arte dei Giucidi e notai
326:Influences and patronage
299:Cathedral of St. Stephen
26:Not to be confused with
1741:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
1472:Bishops and archbishops
1075:Encyclopædia Britannica
1015:The Burlington Magazine
767:Palazzo dello Strozzino
661:The Burlington Magazine
577:Spedale degli Innocenti
526:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
212:Michelozzo was born in
202:
185:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
19:For the racehorse, see
2281:Italian male sculptors
2088:Order of Saint Stephen
1969:Antonio del Pollaiuolo
1262:Grand Dukes of Tuscany
772:San Girolamo, Volterra
712:
602:
528:
344:
101:Monastery of San Marco
2233:Catholic Encyclopedia
2219:Artist Biography site
1888:Cappella dei Principi
1795:Fountains and gardens
1247:Alessandro "The Moor"
1229:Alessandro "The Moor"
703:
594:
523:
367:San Giorgio Monastery
338:
291:St. Louis of Toulouse
2053:Emilio de' Cavalieri
2016:Pico della Mirandola
1974:Jacopo della Quercia
1949:Bernardo Buontalenti
1932:Filippo Brunelleschi
1922:Bartolomeo Ammannati
1771:Palazzo delle Vedove
1203:Giovanni, Pope Leo X
1104:Lightbown, Ronald W.
503:and later succeeded
470:Lorenzo il Magnifico
434:Filippo Brunelleschi
402:, and the fortified
172:. He was a pupil of
91:Republic of Florence
73:Republic of Florence
2078:Medici coat of arms
2000:Niccolò Machiavelli
1463:Vincenzo II Gonzaga
936:web.rete.toscana.it
680:Other notable works
505:Niccolò Machiavelli
416:Giovanni de' Medici
295:Antipope John XXIII
2291:Catholic sculptors
1807:Villa di Pratolino
1183:Cosimo "The Elder"
1037:2012-01-18 at the
777:Villa San Girolamo
762:Walls of Dubrovnik
713:
603:
549:primus inter pares
529:
478:Giovanni de Medici
424:Villa San Girolamo
345:
21:Michelozzo (horse)
2201:
2200:
2140:Arazzeria Medicea
2066:
2065:
1954:Leonardo da Vinci
1927:Sandro Botticelli
1903:
1902:
1843:San Piero a Sieve
1544:
1543:
1443:Bernardo Salviati
1433:Giovanni Salviati
1239:Dukes of Florence
1198:Piero "The Brief"
1188:Piero "The Gouty"
1176:Lords of Florence
728:Early Renaissance
565:Temple of Serapis
524:The courtyard of
353:Cosimo dei Medici
331:Cosimo dei Medici
319:Sagrestia Vecchia
199:in architecture.
195:in sculpture and
170:Cosimo de' Medici
147:
146:
134:Early Renaissance
2298:
2237:
2229:
2176:Pazzi conspiracy
2135:Venus de' Medici
2125:Medici porcelain
1995:Agnolo Poliziano
1912:
1911:
1670:Poggio Imperiale
1568:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1484:Bernardo Antonio
1458:Ferrante Gonzaga
1309:Queens of France
1173:
1172:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1079:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1044:
1043:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1010:
999:
998:
990:
977:
976:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
928:
922:
921:
913:
907:
906:
898:
885:
883:
880:Lorenzo Ghiberti
875:
869:
868:
860:
854:
853:
852:. pp. 59ff.
845:
839:
838:
820:
696:Death and legacy
633:Lodovico Gonzaga
631:Commissioned by
541:Palazzo Comunale
497:Piero di Lorenzo
489:Platonic Academy
472:as the tutor of
420:villa at Fiesole
400:villa at Careggi
311:Girdle of Thomas
276:John the Baptist
264:Lorenzo Ghiberti
252:Bartolomeo Scala
174:Lorenzo Ghiberti
64:
47:
33:
32:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2241:
2240:
2202:
2197:
2144:
2108:
2092:
2062:
2041:
2037:Galileo Galilei
2025:
2021:Marsilio Ficino
2004:
1983:
1899:
1857:
1811:
1802:Medici fountain
1790:
1724:
1610:Poggio a Caiano
1559:
1554:
1553:
1540:
1524:
1498:
1467:
1453:Lorenzo Strozzi
1448:Niccolò Ridolfi
1428:Luigi de' Rossi
1422:
1415:Francesco Maria
1351:
1325:
1304:
1256:
1233:
1164:
1162:House of Medici
1159:
1129:
1086:
1084:Further reading
1068:, ed. (1911). "
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1039:Wayback Machine
1030:
1026:
1021:(758): 242–250.
1011:
1002:
991:
980:
973:
959:
955:
945:
943:
930:
929:
925:
914:
910:
899:
888:
876:
872:
861:
857:
846:
842:
835:
821:
790:
785:
748:
698:
682:
657:
629:
589:
518:
513:
493:Piero di Cosimo
474:Piero de Medici
458:
445:
436:
384:Palazzo Vecchio
333:
328:
260:
258:Apprenticeships
226:Florentine mint
210:
205:
93:
84:
75:
66:
61:
60:
50:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2239:
2238:
2221:
2216:
2214:Firenze by Net
2211:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Galilean moons
2158:
2156:Medici giraffe
2152:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1979:Giorgio Vasari
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1874:Medici Chapels
1871:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1746:Palazzo Madama
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1700:Montevettolini
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1438:Innocenzo Cybo
1435:
1430:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1127:External links
1125:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1101:
1094:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1066:Chisholm, Hugh
1046:
1045:
1024:
1000:
978:
972:978-1442611825
971:
953:
923:
920:. p. 154.
908:
886:
870:
855:
840:
833:
787:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
747:
744:
697:
694:
681:
678:
673:foglie d'acqua
656:
653:
641:Minerva Medica
628:
625:
588:
585:
533:Palazzo Medici
517:
516:Palazzo Medici
514:
512:
509:
457:
454:
444:
441:
435:
432:
375:Palazzo Medici
357:Giorgio Vasari
341:Palazzo Medici
339:The facade of
332:
329:
327:
324:
259:
256:
209:
206:
204:
201:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
117:
116:Known for
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
85:
83:7 October 1472
81:
77:
76:
67:
58:
56:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2303:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Palazzo Pitti
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:Cerreto Guidi
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1605:Collesalvetti
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1556:Festina Lente
1551:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:(Clement VII)
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:Ferdinando II
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:(Clement VII)
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1061:public domain
1050:
1049:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1007:
1005:
996:
989:
987:
985:
983:
974:
968:
964:
957:
941:
937:
933:
927:
919:
912:
904:
897:
895:
893:
891:
881:
874:
866:
859:
851:
844:
836:
834:0-8240-2678-0
830:
826:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
788:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
743:
739:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
711:
707:
702:
693:
691:
687:
686:Walls of Ston
677:
674:
669:
666:
662:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
624:
622:
616:
614:
613:pietra serena
609:
601:
597:
593:
584:
580:
578:
573:
568:
566:
562:
561:Montepulciano
558:
554:
553:pater patriae
550:
546:
545:Montefiascone
542:
538:
534:
527:
522:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
466:
462:
453:
449:
443:Personal life
440:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
371:
368:
364:
363:
358:
354:
349:
342:
337:
323:
320:
316:
315:Sacra Cintola
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:Santa Trinita
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
255:
253:
249:
244:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
219:
215:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
100:
98:Resting place
96:
92:
88:
82:
78:
74:
70:
57:
53:
46:
41:
34:
29:
22:
2231:
2206:
2120:Medici lions
2097:Institutions
1963:
1937:Michelangelo
1895:Old Sacristy
1883:New Sacristy
1756:Villa Medici
1680:L'Ambrogiana
1665:Arena Metato
1555:
1515:Don Giovanni
1423:
1405:Giovan Carlo
1395:Ferdinando I
1362:
1300:Gian Gastone
1280:Ferdinando I
1119:
1112:
1106:
1097:
1090:
1073:
1042:(in Italian)
1027:
1018:
1014:
994:
962:
956:
944:. Retrieved
935:
926:
917:
911:
902:
879:
873:
864:
858:
849:
843:
824:
740:
725:
723:, Florence.
715:In spite of
714:
704:Cloister of
683:
672:
670:
664:
660:
658:
636:
630:
617:
604:
581:
569:
557:piano nobile
556:
552:
548:
537:Brunelleschi
530:
482:
467:
463:
459:
450:
446:
437:
428:Villa Medici
403:
372:
360:
350:
346:
314:
280:
261:
245:
238:
223:
211:
197:Brunelleschi
182:
149:
148:
124:Architecture
2256:1472 deaths
2251:1396 births
2130:Medici Vase
2104:Medici Bank
2058:Jacopo Peri
1878:San Lorenzo
1869:Magi Chapel
1503:Condottieri
1424:female line
1342:Clement VII
1275:Francesco I
655:Santa Croce
621:Pope Eugene
343:in Florence
234:Renaissance
162:Renaissance
106:Nationality
2245:Categories
2181:Savonarola
2030:Scientists
1964:Michelozzo
1816:Fortresses
1660:Marignolle
1640:Camugliano
1635:La Petraia
1630:Spedaletto
1620:Mezzomonte
1580:Cafaggiolo
1384:Alessandro
1295:Cosimo III
1213:Lorenzo II
1091:Michelozzo
946:7 February
825:Michelozzo
783:References
637:all'antica
567:in Rome."
388:Dominicans
373:The large
272:Baptistery
208:Early life
37:Michelozzo
2186:TV series
2046:Musicians
1959:Donatello
1908:Patronage
1715:Seravezza
1650:La Topaia
1600:La Quiete
1564:Buildings
1529:Genealogy
1420:Francesco
1363:male line
1356:Cardinals
1285:Cosimo II
721:San Marco
706:San Marco
608:San Marco
596:San Marco
587:San Marco
396:Jerusalem
283:Donatello
248:Via Larga
193:Donatello
178:Donatello
154:architect
120:Sculpture
2191:episodes
2071:Heraldry
1853:Volterra
1833:Piombino
1828:Grosseto
1781:Materdei
1705:Artimino
1685:La MĂ gia
1615:Castello
1489:Giuliano
1410:Leopoldo
1390:Giovanni
1386:(Leo XI)
1379:Ippolito
1367:Giovanni
1316:Caterina
1270:Cosimo I
1252:Cosimo I
1224:Ippolito
1208:Giuliano
1035:Archived
940:Archived
746:See also
736:Dalmatia
732:Lombardy
710:Florence
649:Pantheon
600:Florence
456:Children
426:next to
404:castello
230:Medieval
218:Burgundy
214:Florence
189:Florence
158:sculptor
130:Movement
87:Florence
69:Florence
2171:Albizzi
2149:Related
1862:Chapels
1838:Pistoia
1766:Livorno
1729:Palaces
1695:Coltano
1690:Liliano
1675:Lapeggi
1645:Stabbia
1595:Fiesole
1590:Careggi
1585:Trebbio
1520:Mattias
1479:Filippo
1369:(Leo X)
1063::
412:Mugello
392:Fiesole
110:Italian
28:Melozzo
1823:Arezzo
1720:Madama
1625:Agnano
1572:Villas
1494:Zanobi
1373:Giulio
1347:Leo XI
1218:Giulio
1169:People
1057:
969:
831:
717:Vasari
690:Ragusa
572:bifora
485:Ficino
414:. For
380:Gothic
309:, the
281:Under
166:Medici
140:Spouse
1848:Siena
1400:Carlo
1337:Leo X
1330:Popes
1321:Maria
511:Works
307:relic
303:Prato
268:Duomo
1776:Pisa
1710:Buti
967:ISBN
948:2018
829:ISBN
734:and
645:Rome
551:and
232:and
203:Life
156:and
80:Died
65:1396
55:Born
2113:Art
1072:".
1019:108
708:in
688:in
665:did
643:in
598:in
543:in
410:in
390:of
359:in
301:at
187:in
2247::
2230:.
1876:,
1426::
1365::
1017:.
1003:^
981:^
938:.
934:.
889:^
791:^
738:.
180:.
122:,
89:,
71:,
63:c.
1154:e
1147:t
1140:v
975:.
950:.
837:.
313:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
