160:
and these were often sizeable affairs which brought troops together in large numbers for strategic and training purposes. Although overseas service was excluded from the militia's duties, embodied regiments were usually required to serve away from their home counties, and were frequently moved from one station to another. This was intended to reduce the risk of the men sympathising with the populace if they were required to quell civil unrest. Pay and conditions were similar to those of the regular army, with the additional benefit of money for family dependants. Unlike the army, the militia had no cavalry or, until 1853, artillery.
20:
625:, the Irish militia were reorganized to form thirty-eight county and city regiments. While officers of the reorganized force were all Protestants, membership of the other ranks was now opened up to members of all denominations, including Roman Catholics. The provisions of the Act called for lists to be drawn up of eligible men in each locality and with enlistees been drawn by ballot. The result of this was to cause widespread discontent in Ireland resulting in riots and close to 230 deaths over an eight week period.
128:
144:. Responsibility for raising and organising the force remained at county level, but funding was provided by central government. Officers were to be appointed from among the property-owning class. Men were to be chosen by ballot among the able-bodied men of the parish between the ages of 18 and 50, and would serve for three years (soon extended to five). If they wished not to serve, they could either provide a substitute or pay a £10 fine.
473:
111:. Although the king commanded the forces, they were not centrally funded. The burden of supplying men and equipment fell on property owners, in proportion to their income from land or their property value. The militia could be called out for local police actions, to keep the peace, and in the event of a national emergency. It played a role in coastal defence during the second and third
147:
There was considerable opposition to the reforms, both in
Parliament and in the country at large. Riots occurred in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and elsewhere in 1757. These stemmed chiefly from an ill-informed fear that conscription and compulsory foreign service were being covertly introduced. In fact,
541:
Following the merger of
Scotland into the new Kingdom of Great Britain, the British Militia Act 1757 did not apply in Scotland. There the traditional system continued, so that militia regiments existed in some places and not in others. This was resented by some, and the Militia Club, soon to become
159:
Training of the disembodied militia took place over a period of several weeks each year, outside which officers and men would be largely free to pursue their civilian lives. When embodied, regiments would normally be quartered in public houses or barracks where available. Camps were also an option,
152:. Local opposition to the acts resulted in some counties being slow to implement them. Six counties – Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Staffordshire, Sussex and Worcestershire – were in default for many years, also defaulting on a large part of the fines imposed on them in consequence. The
1157:
Wider research led me to discover confusion about the role of Lord
Loudoun's new highland regiment, raised in 1745; the independent companies, raised for the duration of the rebellion, and the militia companies raised during the rebellion. There still remains work to be done on the role of the
172:
resulted in growing pressure on recruitment for the militia, both for home defence and as a feeder for the army. During the period to 1815, 110,000 men transferred to line regiments as against 36,000 prior to 1802. The militia continued to serve as a coastal defence force, as well as guarding
486:
was still an independent country sharing a monarch with
England, there were calls for the resurrection of the country's militia, with the understated aim of protecting the rights of Scots in Great Britain. A historical account of the debate which followed on Fletcher's work is given in John
167:
the militia expanded to a total strength of 82,000 men in
February 1799, reducing to 66,000 through an act of Parliament of that year designed to reinforce the regular army by encouraging militia volunteers through the offer of bounties for enlistment. In 1802 peace with France led to the
586:. Orrey was Lord President of Munster and the establishment of militia was the most advanced there, this was partially driven by fears of a Dutch attack on Kinsale. Ormonde however in general wasn't hugely enthusiastic about the militia given the large number of Cromwellian
561:
of
Scotland to raise and command militia regiments in each of the "Counties, Stewartries, Cities, and Places" under their jurisdiction. At first the Act was opposed due to some believing the militia ballot would be used to enable the Crown to remove men from Scotland.
139:
The militia's usefulness as a military force, never great, declined thereafter, until by the middle of the 18th century it required a major overhaul. This was achieved by the
Militia Acts 1757–1762, passed as a response to the threat of a French invasion during the
829:
1263:
An Old
Highland Fencible Corps The History of the Reay Fencible Highland Regiment of Foot, or Mackay's Highlanders, 1794–1802, With an Account of Its Services in Ireland During the Rebellion of 1798
148:
the acts, which applied in
England and Wales only, restricted service to the territory of Great Britain. However some militia regiments did volunteer for service in Ireland during the
156:, which drained the country of regular troops, provided the stimulus that brought the defaulters into line. By 1778 all English and Welsh counties had embodied their militias.
590:
within it. As a result the militia was established on an ad-hoc basis and was only called out three times during the period in 1666, 1672 (renewal of war with Dutch) and 1678 (
163:
The militia was constitutionally separate from the army, but from the 1790s militiamen were encouraged to volunteer for the army, and did so in large numbers. During the
570:
The earliest history of the
Militia in Ireland dates to the Cromwellian period with the raising of two regiments of Militia in Dublin in May 1659. In 1666 during the
56:
1525:
633:
The list of Militia regiments as raised after the passing of the 1793 Act. The regimental numbers were assigned by ballot on the 8th of August 1794.
168:
disembodying of the militia, which was embodied again in 1803, when hostilities resumed. Britain's increasing overseas troop commitments during the
605:
As a result of the Ad-hoc nature of its formation the legal position of the pre-existing Militia in Ireland was only finally formalised when the
993:
209:
261:
1520:
1479:
255:
83:
alongside British militia units. The existence of militia units in Great Britain and Ireland played an important role in freeing
1530:
599:
594:- where they were used to disarm the Catholic population). It would subsequently be disarmed itself however in 1685 during the
587:
1399:
1286:
1212:
1114:
968:
906:
885:
864:
818:
1175:
703:
1085:
535:
476:
116:
896:
746:
579:
575:
341:
550:
to promote the raising of a Scottish militia. This and several other Edinburgh clubs became the crucible of the
1505:
511:
67:, led to the rapid expansion of the British Militia in order to defend from potential French invasions. In the
325:
1192:
1158:
militia companies raised for short periods during the rebellion in Argyll, Skye and the northern counties
60:
1145:
1139:
583:
515:
92:
797:
164:
998:
917:
40:
830:"'The first chapter of 1798'? Restoring a military perspective to the Irish Militia riots of 1793"
19:
1441:
1415:
1389:
988:
507:
495:
394:
351:
281:
224:
149:
80:
1106:
646:
571:
551:
399:
346:
214:
204:
103:
Following the restoration of Charles II in 1660, Parliament passed several acts empowering the
36:
173:
dockyards and prisoners of war, and performing other duties including riot control during the
606:
292:
219:
313:
234:
194:
8:
1204:
694:
483:
361:
356:
336:
287:
153:
141:
64:
16:
Principal military reserve forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain during the 18th century
1099:
595:
531:
461:
The English militia in the eighteenth century: the story of a political issue 1660–1802
409:
307:
271:
68:
1395:
1282:
1233:
1208:
1120:
1110:
1081:
937:
902:
881:
860:
814:
740:
610:
404:
319:
276:
266:
229:
199:
177:
unrest of 1811–1813. It was disembodied in 1815 but balloting continued until 1831.
108:
48:
1362:
1453:
1370:
1343:
1003:
929:
841:
614:
574:
the establishment of a national militia was begun. This started as a proposal from
371:
239:
112:
1075:
1335:
1276:
1200:
875:
854:
808:
622:
558:
377:
366:
330:
169:
132:
104:
24:
1278:
The Militia in Eighteenth-century Ireland: In Defence of the Protestant Interest
898:
The Militia in Eighteenth-century Ireland: In Defence of the Protestant Interest
1308:
389:
383:
250:
1416:"An Act to make the Militia of this Kingdom more useful. (2 Geo I c.9 (1715))"
845:
1514:
941:
731:
244:
1124:
933:
1457:
503:
301:
88:
84:
72:
44:
1374:
1347:
127:
918:"'Zeal and Patriotism': Forging Identity in the Irish Militia, 1793‐1802"
591:
1484:. Dublin, Ireland: Hodges, Figgis, and Company, limited. pp. 83–84
618:
543:
983:
547:
52:
43:. Militia units were repeatedly raised in Great Britain during the
472:
1442:"AN END TO MORAL ECONOMY: THE IRISH MILITIA DISTURBANCES OF 1793"
174:
499:
454:
Britain against Napoleon: the organization of victory 1793–1815
1309:"The army in Ireland from the Restoration to the Act of Union"
1197:
Culloden: The History and Archaeology of the last Clan Battle
115:
between 1665 and 1674, and contributed to the defeat of the
621:
between the ages of sixteen and sixty. In 1793, during the
1315:. Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of History
799:
The Irish Militia, 1793-1816: A Social and Military Study
107:
of each county to appoint officers and raise men for the
1481:
A Short History of the Royal Longford Militia, 1793-1893
1391:
Seventeenth-century Ireland : making Ireland modern
613:
in 1715 raising regiments of militia in each county and
506:
and the northern counties. They are often confused with
856:
The Irish Militia, 1793-1802: Ireland's Forgotten Army
1077:
A Discourse of Government with Relation to Militias
807:Bartlett, Thomas; Jeffery, Keith (9 October 1997).
1394:. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 280–283.
1098:
1512:
1506:Regiments of the British West Indies and Bermuda
1101:The Scottish Enlightenment And The Militia Issue
489:The Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue
440:The county lieutenancies and the army, 1803–1814
1141:Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness
806:
75:of Great Britain, the equivalent force was the
1227:
994:Militia (British Dominions and Crown Colonies)
628:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1023:The English militia in the eighteenth century
180:
1246:
1240:
1187:
1185:
1172:The Argyll or Campbell Militia of 1745–1746
796:McAnally, Sir Henry William Watson (1949).
1295:
210:Royal Buckinghamshire Militia (King's Own)
1433:
1387:
1096:
915:
1526:18th-century history of the British Army
1439:
1306:
1182:
795:
471:
447:The British volunteer movement 1794–1814
126:
18:
1360:
1333:
1274:
1268:
1221:
1191:
1137:
894:
514:who also supported the Government. The
1513:
1477:
1169:
1131:
922:Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies
852:
827:
600:Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell
51:duties and to defend against external
969:Royal Militia of the Island of Jersey
498:in Scotland, militias were raised in
1261:Scobie, Ian Hamilton Mackay (1914).
1176:Society for Army Historical Research
1170:Scobie, Ian Hamilton Mackay (1946).
873:
789:
636:
482:In the late 17th century, while the
188:
557:The Militia Act 1797 empowered the
467:
433:The British armed nation 1793–1815.
13:
1307:Ferguson, Kenneth Patrick (1981).
956:
877:Armies of the Irish Rebellion 1798
874:Reid, Stuart (20 September 2011).
425:
27:undergoing musket training in 1759
14:
1542:
1521:Military history of Great Britain
1499:
1361:McGuire, James (1 October 2009).
1334:Barnard, T. C. (1 October 2009).
828:Nelson, Ivan F. (November 2003).
536:John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll
477:John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll
79:, which saw heavy service in the
1478:Richey, Henry Alexander (1894).
1228:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2014).
580:James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond
565:
122:
1471:
1408:
1381:
1354:
1327:
1255:
916:McDonnell, Ciarán (June 2019).
617:. Membership was restricted to
576:Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery
534:militia unit formed in 1745 by
342:Northampton and Rutland Militia
1420:librarycollections.law.umn.edu
1230:The Jacobite Rebellion 1745–46
1163:
1090:
1068:
1059:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1015:
813:. Cambridge University Press.
512:Independent Highland Companies
1:
1531:Militia of the United Kingdom
1367:Dictionary of Irish Biography
1340:Dictionary of Irish Biography
1247:McKerracher, Mairead (2013).
1009:
859:. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
810:A Military History of Ireland
727:25th Queen’s County Battalion
715:21st Limerick County Regiment
326:Royal Montgomeryshire Militia
185:An incomplete list includes:
98:
766:35th Dublin County Battalion
681:13th Limerick City Battalion
7:
1388:Gillespie, Raymond (2006).
977:
61:Parliament of Great Britain
10:
1547:
1144:. Vol. LIII. p.
1138:MacLeod, Ruairidh (1984).
584:Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
516:Campbell of Argyll Militia
63:after the outbreak of the
1440:Bartlett, Thomas (1983).
1251:. Neil Wilson Publishing.
1054:Britain against Napoleon.
880:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
846:10.1017/S0021121400015893
751:30th Mayo South Battalion
690:16th Londonderry Regiment
678:12th Dublin City Regiment
629:List of militia regiments
181:List of militia regiments
165:French Revolutionary Wars
1097:Robertson, John (1985).
999:Militia (United Kingdom)
853:Nelson, Ivan F. (2007).
834:Irish Historical Studies
802:. Clonmore and Reynolds.
763:34th Cork North Regiment
757:32nd Cork South Regiment
651:3rd Mayo North Battalion
308:Royal Lancashire Militia
41:Kingdom of Great Britain
1369:. Royal Irish Academy.
1342:. Royal Irish Academy.
1074:Andrew Fletcher (1698)
989:British Volunteer Corps
934:10.1111/1754-0208.12612
760:33rd Waterford Regiment
754:31st Roscommon Regiment
736:27th Cork City Regiment
724:24th Drogheda Battalion
687:15th Longford Battalion
660:6th Westmeath Battalion
496:Jacobite rising of 1745
395:Royal Wiltshire Militia
352:Nottinghamshire Militia
282:Gloucestershire Militia
225:Carmarthenshire Militia
81:Irish Rebellion of 1798
1275:Garnham, Neal (2012).
965:Royal Guernsey Militia
962:Royal Alderney Militia
895:Garnham, Neal (2012).
772:37th Wicklow Battalion
712:20th Kilkenny Regiment
704:King’s County Regiment
672:10th Leitrim Battalion
572:Second Anglo-Dutch War
552:Scottish Enlightenment
538:to oppose the rising.
479:
400:Worcestershire Militia
347:Northumberland Militia
215:Cambridgeshire Militia
205:Brecknockshire Militia
136:
95:for overseas service.
37:military reserve force
28:
1375:10.3318/dib.008460.v1
1348:10.3318/dib.000859.v1
775:38th Wexford Regiment
769:36th Donegal Regiment
721:23rd Carlow Battalion
654:4th Kildare Battalion
642:1st Monaghan Regiment
607:Parliament of Ireland
475:
293:Hertfordshire Militia
220:Cardiganshire Militia
130:
22:
1458:10.1093/past/99.1.41
718:22nd Sligo Battalion
699:18th Cavan Battalion
675:11th Galway Regiment
508:Loudon's Highlanders
384:Royal Surrey Militia
314:Royal London Militia
195:Bedfordshire Militia
93:Irish establishments
1249:Jacobite Dictionary
1205:Pen and Sword Books
747:Fermanagh Battalion
684:14th Kerry Regiment
666:8th Armagh Regiment
663:7th Antrim Regiment
657:5th Louth Battalion
484:Kingdom of Scotland
362:Radnorshire Militia
357:Oxfordshire Militia
337:Northampton Militia
288:North Hants Militia
154:American Revolution
973:Royal Sark Militia
741:Tipperary Regiment
596:Monmouth Rebellion
518:also known as the
480:
410:North York Militia
272:Flintshire Militia
137:
131:An officer of the
69:Kingdom of Ireland
35:was the principal
29:
1401:978-0-7171-3946-0
1363:"Talbot, Richard"
1288:978-1-84383-724-4
1281:. Boydell Press.
1234:Osprey Publishing
1214:978-1-84884-020-1
1116:978-0-85976-109-3
908:978-1-84383-724-4
901:. Boydell Press.
887:978-1-84908-939-5
866:978-1-84682-037-3
820:978-0-521-62989-8
786:
785:
669:9th Down Regiment
510:regiment and the
487:Robertson's 1985
438:Fortescue, J. W.
422:
421:
405:East York Militia
386:(three regiments)
320:Middlesex Militia
310:(seven regiments)
277:Glamorgan Militia
267:Fifeshire Militia
262:Edinburgh Militia
230:Carnarvon Militia
200:Berkshire Militia
150:Rebellion of 1798
49:internal security
1538:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1446:Past and Present
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1431:
1430:
1428:
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1412:
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1128:
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1094:
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1072:
1066:
1063:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1043:Western, p. 222.
1041:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1004:Yeomanry Cavalry
952:
950:
948:
912:
891:
870:
849:
840:(132): 369–386.
824:
803:
637:
615:county corporate
559:Lord Lieutenants
546:, was formed in
520:Campbell militia
468:Scottish Militia
372:Somerset Militia
322:(five regiments)
247:(four regiments)
240:Derbyshire Blues
189:
142:Seven Years' War
117:Duke of Monmouth
113:Anglo-Dutch Wars
65:Seven Years' War
59:, passed by the
57:Militia Act 1757
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1318:
1316:
1313:edepositIreland
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1245:
1241:
1226:
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1201:South Yorkshire
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1091:
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1052:Knight, Roger.
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:Western, p.158.
1033:
1029:
1021:Western, J. R.
1020:
1016:
1012:
980:
959:
957:Channel Islands
946:
944:
909:
888:
867:
821:
792:
790:Further reading
787:
732:Clare Battalion
647:Tyrone Regiment
631:
623:Napoleonic Wars
568:
528:Argyllshire men
470:
463:. London, 1965.
459:Western, J. R.
456:. London, 2014.
452:Knight, Roger.
449:. Oxford, 2003.
442:. London, 1909.
431:Cookson, J. E.
428:
426:Further reading
423:
380:(two regiments)
378:Suffolk Militia
374:(two regiments)
367:Rutland Militia
333:(two regiments)
331:Norfolk Militia
316:(two regiments)
304:(two regiments)
284:(two regiments)
258:(two regiments)
235:Denbigh Militia
183:
170:Napoleonic Wars
133:Norfolk Militia
125:
109:English Militia
105:lord-lieutenant
101:
33:British Militia
25:Norfolk Militia
23:Members of the
17:
12:
11:
5:
1544:
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1500:External links
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1336:"Boyle, Roger"
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1207:. p. 71.
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1236:. p. 27.
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1193:Pollard, Tony
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302:Kent Militia
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73:client state
45:Georgian era
32:
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619:Protestants
592:Popish Plot
494:During the
1515:Categories
1010:References
609:passed an
544:Poker Club
99:Background
1319:21 August
1151:August 4,
1107:J. Donald
984:Fencibles
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582:the then
548:Edinburgh
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588:settlers
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175:Luddite
135:in 1759
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