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distribute funds to House candidates of their party; they try to persuade partisan colleagues not to retire or run for other offices so as to hold down the number of open seats the party would need to defend; they coordinate their campaign activities with congressional and national party campaign committees; they encourage outside groups to back their candidates; they travel around the country to speak on behalf of party candidates; and they encourage incumbent colleagues to make significant financial contributions to the party's campaign committee. "The amount of time that
Gephardt is putting in to help the DCCC is unheard of," noted a Democratic lobbyist."No DCCC chairman has ever had that kind of support."
191:
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3205:"We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on the motion to recommit, our Republican members had a choice: They could vote against the Johnson program and say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument. Usually we lost; but when you're only 140 out of 435, you don't expect to win many.
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are consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; they are a traditional member of the House Office
Building Commission; they are a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and they may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible.
1346:
3194:" to support, for instance, the Administration's landmark budget reconciliation bill. There are occasions, of course, when minority leaders will fault the legislative initiatives of their president. On an administration proposal that could adversely affect his district, Michel stated that he might "abdicate my leadership role since I can't harmonize my own views with the administration's." Minority Leader Gephardt, as another example, has publicly opposed a number of President Clinton's legislative initiatives from "fast track" trade authority to various budget issues.
3132:
the majority party. "We know how to delay," remarked
Minority Leader Gephardt. Dilatory motions to adjourn, appeals of the presiding officer's ruling, or numerous requests for roll call votes are standard time-consuming parliamentary tactics. By stalling action on the majority party's agenda, the minority leader may be able to launch a campaign against a "do-nothing Congress" and convince enough voters to put his party back in charge of the House. To be sure, the minority leader recognizes that "going negative" carries risks and may not be a
2959:. Others have devolved upon the position in other ways. To be sure, the minority leader is provided with extra staff resourcesβbeyond those accorded him or her as a Representativeβto assist in carrying out diverse leadership functions. Worth emphasis is that there are limits on the institutional role of the minority leader, because the majority party exercises disproportionate influence over the agenda, partisan ratios on committees, staff resources, administrative operations, and the day-to-day schedule and management of floor activities.
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within the majority party. For instance, a majority party riven by internal dissension, as occurred during the early 1900s when
Progressive and "regular" Republicans were at loggerheads, may provide the minority leader with greater opportunities to achieve their priorities than if the majority party exhibited high degrees of party cohesion. Among the variable strategies available to the minority party, which can vary from bill to bill and be used in combination or at different stages of the lawmaking process, are the following:
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undesirable by his own party. They are instrumental in devising and implementing his party's strategy on the floor with respect to promoting or opposing legislation. They are kept constantly informed as to the status of legislative business and as to the sentiment of his party respecting particular legislation under consideration. Such information is derived in part from the floor leader's contacts with his party's members serving on House committees, and with the members of the party's whip organization.
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ninety-seven in 1849, ninety-one in 1859, and 138 in 1855." With so many candidates competing for the speakership, it is not at all clear that one of the defeated lawmakers then assumed the mantle of "minority leader". The
Democratic minority from 1861 to 1875 was so completely disorganized that they did not "nominate a candidate for Speaker in two of these seven Congresses and nominated no man more than once in the other five. The defeated candidates were not automatically looked to for leadership."
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273:. The Majority Leader is responsible for setting the annual legislative agenda, scheduling legislation for consideration, and coordinating committee activity. The Minority Leader serves as floor leader of the opposition party, and is the minority counterpart to the Speaker. The Minority Leader also speaks for the minority party in the House and its policies, and works to protect the minority party's rights.
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1244:, R-N.Y., provided this "job description": "He is spokesman for his party and enunciates its policies. He is required to be alert and vigilant in defense of the minority's rights. It is his function and duty to criticize constructively the policies and programs of the majority, and to this end employ parliamentary tactics and give close attention to all proposed legislation."
3312:. Within the House Republican Conference, the chief deputy whip is the highest appointed position and often a launching pad for future positions in the House Leadership. Cantor and McCarthy, for instance, served as chief deputy Republican whips before ascending to the majority leader's post. The House Democratic Conference has multiple chief deputy whips, led by a
3054:; chairs the Policy Committee; and heads the Steering Committee. Examples of other assignments are making "recommendations to the Speaker on all Democratic Members who shall serve as conferees" and nominating party members to the Committees on Rules and House Administration. Republican rules identify generally comparable functions for their top party leader.
3147:. Despite the minority leader's restricted ability to set the House's agenda, there are still opportunities for him to raise minority priorities. For example, the minority leader may employ, or threaten to use, discharge petitions to try to bring minority priorities to the floor. If they are able to attract the required 218 signatures on a
929:, though indirectly as their party lost control in the 2006 and 2018 midterm elections. Boehner subsequently served as House Minority Leader from 2007 to 2011, and McCarthy served from 2019 to 2023. Both were elected Speaker when the House reconvened after gaining a majority in their respective midterm elections. In 1998, when Speaker
773:, although not formally selected to be nominated for Speaker by the majority party's caucus. After this period, the Speaker-designate is also chosen in a closed-door session by the largest caucus although the Speaker is formally elevated to the position by a public vote of the entire House when Congress reconvenes.
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to avoid a battle for whip between then-Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and then-Majority Whip Jim
Clyburn. The title has undergone several name changes, with the title being known as the titular "Assistant Speaker of the House of Representatives" during Pelosi's second speakership; it is said to replace
3078:
Minority leaders are typically energetic and aggressive campaigners for partisan incumbents and challengers. There is hardly any major aspect of campaigning that does not engage their attention. For example, they assist in recruiting qualified candidates; they establish "leadership PACs" to raise and
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Two other points of historical interest merit brief mention. First, until the 61st
Congress (1909β1910), "it was the custom to have the minority leader also serve as the ranking minority member on the two most powerful committees, Rules and Ways and Means." Today, the minority leader no longer serves
2632:
In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization
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Gephardt added that "inclusion and empowerment of the people on the line have to be done to get the best performance" from the minority party. Other techniques for fostering party harmony include the appointment of task forces composed of partisan colleagues with conflicting views to reach consensus
3185:
If their party controls the White House, the minority leader confers regularly with the
President and his aides about issues before Congress, the Administration's agenda, and political events generally. Strategically, the role of the minority leader will vary depending on whether the President is of
3131:
A look at one minority leadership strategyβpartisan oppositionβmay suggest why it might be employed in specific circumstances. The purposes of obstruction are several, such as frustrating the majority party's ability to govern or attracting press and media attention to the alleged ineffectiveness of
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Rule X, clause 5, stipulates: "At the beginning of a
Congress, the Speaker or his designee and the Minority Leader or his designee each shall appoint 10 Members, Delegates, or Resident Commissioners from his respective party who are not members of the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct to be
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on issues; the creation of new leadership positions as a way to reach out and involve a greater diversity of partisans in the leadership structure; and daily meetings in the Leader's office (or at breakfast, lunch, or dinner) to lay out floor strategy or political objectives for the minority party.
3032:
In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; they and the majority leader each name three
Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; they
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and professional politicians. This era was "marked by strong partisan attachments, resilient patronage-based party organizations, and...high levels of party voting in Congress." Plainly, these were conditions conducive to the establishment of a more highly differentiated House leadership structure.
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Internal party disunity compounded the difficulty of identifying lawmakers who might have informally functioned as a minority leader. For instance, "seven of the fourteen speakership elections from 1834 through 1859 had at least twenty different candidates in the field. Thirty-six competed in 1839,
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shall be appointed by joint recommendation of the Speaker, majority leader, and minority leader; and Rule XV, clause 6, provides that the Speaker, after consultation with the minority leader, may place legislation on the Corrections Calendar. The minority leader also has other institutional duties,
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The House Majority Leader's duties vary, depending upon the political makeup of the majority caucus. In several recent sessions of Congress, with the notable exception of the Pelosi speakership, the Majority Leader has been primarily responsible for scheduling the House floor's legislative calendar
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The minority leader, in consultation with other party colleagues, has a range of strategic options that they can employ to advance minority party objectives. The options selected depend on a wide range of circumstances, such as the visibility or significance of the issue and the degree of cohesion
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Rule II, clause 6, states that the "Inspector General shall be appointed for a Congress by the Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader, acting jointly." This rule further states that the minority leader and other specified House leaders shall be notified of any financial irregularity
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The style and role of any minority leader is influenced by a variety of elements, including personality and contextual factors, such as the size and cohesion of the minority party, whether their party controls the White House, the general political climate in the House, and the controversy that is
2606:
of Ohio, who was Speaker the previous Congress. Clearly, Keifer was not the Republicans' minority leader. He was a discredited leader in part because as Speaker he arbitrarily handed out "choice jobs to close relatives ... all at handsome salaries." Keifer received "the empty honor of the minority
2588:
I found there were absolutely no persons holding the stations of what are called, in England, Leaders, on either side of the House.... It is true, that certain members do take charge of administration questions, and certain others of opposition questions; but all this so obviously without concert
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When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after
3174:
on issues. Minority leaders also make floor speeches and close debate on major issues before the House; they deliver addresses in diverse forums across the country, and they write books or articles that highlight minority party goals and achievements. They must also be prepared "to debate on the
3165:
or education; they sponsor party "retreats" to discuss issues and assess the party's public image; they create "theme teams" to craft party messages that might be raised during the one-minute, morning hour, or special order period in the House; they conduct surveys of party colleagues to discern
2579:
During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 "to represent a party comprising a distinct
3169:
House minority leaders also hold joint news conferences and consult with their counterparts in the Senateβand with the president if their party controls the White House. The overall objectives are to develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a
3060:
A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. They are instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered
1204:
From an institutional perspective, the rules of the House assign a number of specific responsibilities to the minority leader. For example, Rule XII, clause 6, grant the minority leader (or their designee) the right to offer a motion to recommit with instructions; Rule II, clause 6, states the
3197:
When the White House is controlled by the House majority party, then the House minority leader assumes a larger role in formulating alternatives to executive branch initiatives and in acting as a national spokesperson for their party. "As Minority Leader during Democratic administration, my
2628:
of Ohio, in 1876, 1877, and 1879, and ex-Speaker Keifer in 1883. "It is hard to believe that House partisans would place a man in the speakership when in the majority, and nominate him for this office when in the minority, and not look to him for legislative guidance." This was not the case,
2619:
Another scholar contends that the minority leader position emerged even before 1883. On the Democratic side, "there were serious caucus fights for the minority speakership nomination in 1871 and 1873," indicating that the "nomination carried with it some vestige of leadership." Further, when
3225:
Minority status, by itself, is often an important inducement for minority party members to stay together, to accommodate different interests, and to submerge intraparty factional disagreements. To hold a diverse membership together often requires extensive consultations and discussions with
1247:
Since Snell's description, other responsibilities have been added to the job. These duties involve an array of institutional and party functions. Before examining the institutional and party assignments of the minority leader, it is worth highlighting the historical origin of this position.
910:, who served as Majority Leader from 1947–1949 and again from 1953–1955 and did not become Speaker because his party lost the House in the 1948 and 1954 House elections, respectively, and would not regain the House until 1994 (Halleck had been dead for years at this point);
3190:, R-IL, was minority leader (1981β1995), he typically functioned as the "point man" for Republican presidents. President Ronald Reagan's 1981 policy successes in the Democratic-controlled House was due in no small measure to Minority Leader Michel's effectiveness in wooing so-called "
953:
succeeded Boehner as Majority Leader. Cantor was understood to be the second-ranking Republican in the House since Boehner was the indisputable leader of the House Republicans. However, there have been some exceptions. The most recent exception to this rule came when Majority Leader
808:
from June 1989 until Republicans captured control of the House in the November 1994 elections. Gephardt's predecessor in the minority leadership position was Robert Michel, R-IL, who became GOP Leader in 1981 after spending 24 years in the House. Michel's predecessor, Republican
3151:
by attracting majority party supporters, they can force minority initiatives to the floor over the opposition of the majority leadership. As a GOP minority leader once said, the challenges he confronted are to "keep our people together, and to look for votes on the other side."
3018:
members of the select committee but shall have no vote in the select committee and may not be counted for purposes of determining a quorum." In addition, each leader may designate a member of his leadership staff to assist him with his ex officio duties. (Rule X, clause 11).
948:
Traditionally, the Speaker is viewed as the leader of the majority party in the House, with the Majority Leader as second-in-command. For example, when the Republicans gained the majority in the House after the 2010 elections, Boehner ascended to the Speakership while
965:
In contrast, the Minority Leader is the undisputed leader of the minority party. For example, when the Republicans lost their majority in the 2018 elections, McCarthy was elected as Minority Leader and hence replaced Ryan as the highest-ranking House Republican.
3166:
their policy preferences; they establish websites that highlight and distribute party images and issues to users; and they organize task forces or issue teams to formulate party programs and to develop strategies for communicating these programs to the public.
2597:
In the judgment of political scientist Randall Ripley, since 1883 "the candidate for Speaker nominated by the minority party has clearly been the Minority Leader." However, this assertion is subject to dispute. On December 3, 1883, the House elected Democrat
1221:
The minority leader devises strategies, in consultation with other partisan colleagues, that advance party objectives. For example, by stalling action on the majority party's agenda, the minority leader may be able to launch a campaign against a "do-nothing
2996:
Under Rule X, clause 2, not later "than March 31 in the first session of a Congress, after consultation with the Speaker, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader, the Committee on Government Reform shall report to the House the oversight plans" of the
2930:"leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, due to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership. Minority Leaders who have played prominent roles in opposing the incumbent president have included
984:
is the most recent example of an outgoing Speaker seeking the Minority Leader post to retain the House party leadership, as the Democrats lost control of the House in the 2010 elections. She ran successfully for Minority Leader in the 112th Congress.
3155:
Minority leaders may engage in numerous activities to publicize their party's priorities and to criticize the opposition's. For instance, to keep their party colleagues "on message", they insure that partisan colleagues are sent packets of suggested
2615:
role of minority floor leader in Keifer's stead. "lthough Keifer was the minority's candidate for Speaker, Reed became its acknowledged leader, and ever after, so long as he served in the House, remained the most conspicuous member of his party.
9611:
3064:
These and several other party roles merit further mention because they influence significantly the leader's overarching objective: retake majority control of the House. "I want to get members elected and win more seats," said Minority Leader
2989:
by the Majority Leader or the Minority Leader ... shall have precedence of all other questions except motions to adjourn." This rule further references the minority leader with respect to the division of time for debate of these resolutions.
8143:
3179:, no notes, on a moment's notice," remarked Minority Leader Michel. In brief, minority leaders are key strategists in developing and promoting the party's agenda and in outlining ways to neutralize the opposition's arguments and proposals.
8153:
2887:
Second, Democrats have always elevated their minority floor leader to the speakership upon reclaiming majority status. Republicans have not always followed this leadership succession pattern. In 1919, for instance, Republicans bypassed
2955:
sometimes associated with the legislative agenda. Despite the variability of these factors, there are a number of institutional obligations associated with this position. Many of these assignments or roles are spelled out in the House
2923:
In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a
3142:
An important aim of the minority leader is to develop an electorally attractive agenda of ideas and proposals that unites their own House members and that energizes and appeals to core electoral supporters as well as independents and
3219:, R-IN, probably received more visibility in this role, because the press and media dubbed it the "Ev and Charlie Show". In fact, the "Republican National Committee budgeted $ 30,000 annually to produce the weekly news conference."
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with official titles for those who were its official leaders. However, from the earliest days of Congress, various House members intermittently assumed the role of "opposition leader". Some scholars suggest that Representative
8138:
1239:
The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined. To a large extent, the functions of the minority leader are defined by tradition and custom. A minority leader from 1931 to 1939, Representative
3041:
The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the
2551:
To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition
1213:
From a party perspective, the minority leader has a wide range of partisan assignments, all geared toward retaking majority control of the House. Five principal party activities direct the work of the minority leader.
8545:
3202:, R-MI. Greatly outnumbered in the House, Minority Leader Ford devised a political strategy that allowed Republicans to offer their alternatives in a manner that provided them political protection. As Ford explained:
2641:
While the Office of the House Historian only lists Minority Leaders starting in 1899, the minority's nominees for Speaker (at the beginning of each Congress) may be considered their party's leaders before that time.
969:
When the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally takes a low profile and defers to the President. For that situation, the House Minority Leader can play the role of a
15085:
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3300:
who assists the minority leader in coordinating the party caucus in its responses to legislation and other matters. They are reckoned as the second most powerful member of their party, behind the minority leader.
3160:
or "talking points" for constituent meetings in their districts; they help to organize "town meetings" in Members' districts around the country to publicize the party's agenda or a specific priority, such as
2607:
nomination. But with it came a sting -- for while this naturally involves the floor leadership, he was deserted by his associates and his career as a national figure terminated ingloriously." Representative
2580:
minority" and "to coordinate the actions of men who were already partisans in the same cause." In 1828, a foreign observer of the House offered this perspective on the absence of formal party leadership on
242:, are congresspeople who coordinate legislative initiatives and serve as the chief spokespersons for their parties on the House floor. These leaders are elected every two years in secret balloting of their
3324:
held the position of senior chief deputy majority whip along with Lewis since 2019, previously holding a position as chief deputy whip since 2005. Between 1955 and 1973, the Democrats simply had the title
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Informally, the minority leader has a wide range of party assignments. Lewis Deschler, the late House Parliamentarian (1928β1974), summarized the diverse duties of a party's floor leader:
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in 1925 and continuing until 1995, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership after the incumbent surrenders the position. The only exceptions during this period were
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3215:, R-IL, to act as national spokesmen for their party. They met with the press every Thursday following the weekly joint leadership meeting. Ford's predecessor as minority leader,
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The minority party is in the position of having to consider the views and proposals of their president and to assess their majority-building role with respect to his priorities.
288:, are the second-ranking members of each party's leadership. The main function of the majority and minority whips is to gather votes of their respective parties on major issues.
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Randall Strahan, "Thomas Brackett Reed and the Rise of Party Government," in Roger Davidson, et al., eds., Masters of the House (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1998), p. 36.
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may not (except in certain specified circumstances) issue a "rule" that prevents the minority leader or a designee from offering a motion to recommit with instructions.
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According to a contemporary newspaper article, "Representative Underwood has been voluntarily filling that position since Congress convened" (December 4, 1899). See
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the same party or the other party. In general, minority leaders will often work to advance the goals and aspirations of their party's president in Congress. When
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William F. Connelly, Jr. and John J. Pitney, Jr., Congress' Permanent Minority? Republicans in the U.S. House (Lanham, Maryland: Littlefield Adams, 1994), p. 15.
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program on the House floor. The whip keeps track of all legislation and ensures that all party members are present when important measures are to be voted upon.
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996:. Following his primary defeat, Cantor announced his resignation as Majority Leader, effective July 31, 2014, and he subsequently resigned his seat in Congress.
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976:"leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, owing to the more partisan nature of the House and the greater role of leadership.
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created the position to establish a party leader on the House floor separate from the Speaker, as the role of Speaker had become more prominent and the
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2904:, R-IL (1903β1911), and many Members "suspected that he would try to re-centralize power in his hands if elected Speaker." More recently, although
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on these committees; however, they appoint the minority members of the Rules Committee and influence the assignment of partisan colleagues to the
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918:, who served as Majority Leader from 1989–1995, descended to Minority Leader since his party lost control in the 1994 midterm elections.
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3242:, not top down. I think you have to build policy and strategy and vision from the bottom up, and involve people in figuring out what that is.
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496:
13721:
13701:
13681:
13661:
13641:
13621:
13601:
13581:
13561:
13541:
13521:
13501:
13481:
13461:
13436:
13416:
13396:
13376:
13356:
13336:
13316:
13296:
13276:
13256:
13236:
13216:
13196:
13176:
13156:
11143:
11123:
11103:
11083:
11063:
11043:
11023:
11003:
10983:
10963:
10943:
10923:
10903:
10883:
10863:
10843:
10823:
10803:
10783:
10763:
10743:
10723:
10703:
10683:
10663:
10643:
10623:
10603:
10583:
9693:
8946:
8768:
8341:
7058:
2387:
2228:
2121:
566:
3308:
is the primary assistant to the whip, who is the chief vote counter for their party. The current chief deputy majority whip is Republican
3001:
along with any recommendations it or the House leaders have proposed to ensure the effective coordination of committees' oversight plans.
80:
29:
This article is about political party floor leaders of the House. For the Speaker, who is usually the overall leader of the majority, see
14982:
14957:
14845:
12551:
12439:
10072:
9688:
9404:
9285:
9003:
8956:
8550:
7952:
3047:
2531:
2243:
1665:
432:
427:
12641:
9854:
9552:
9193:
8632:
7713:
2468:
2463:
2326:
1655:
6890:
3116:
The minority party offers strong opposition to majority party initiatives but does not counter with policy alternatives of their own.
776:
Like the Speaker of the House, the Minority Leaders are typically experienced lawmakers when they win election to this position. When
14967:
14100:
12758:
11299:
10285:
8993:
8919:
8472:
8360:
8085:
6519:
3209:
2473:
2109:
2011:
1462:
1451:
1171:
896:
817:
505:
266:
1082:
14977:
14972:
14952:
12734:
12566:
12561:
12303:
10258:
10202:
9542:
9508:
9290:
8845:
8840:
8655:
8090:
7445:
6979:
2286:
2141:
637:
1054:
15008:
13733:
12556:
11765:
11610:
11162:
10410:
9399:
9275:
9168:
9045:
8835:
7644:
6524:
2570:
2277:
1290:
14855:
12694:
12674:
12449:
12198:
9993:
9897:
9800:
9203:
9128:
8502:
8048:
7942:
7726:
3026:
2524:
2339:
2308:
2264:
2238:
2178:
2158:
2056:
2041:
1684:
1560:
1359:
796:, D-MO, became minority leader in the 104th House, he had been in the House for almost 20 years, had served as chairman of the
351:
232:
7602:
James M. Cannon, "Minority Leaders of the United States House of Representatives, 1965-1973," in Masters of the House, p. 271.
7593:
James M. Cannon, "Minority Leaders of the United States House of Representatives, 1965-1973," in Masters of the House, p. 275.
3110:
The minority party develops alternatives and agendas of its own and attempts to construct winning coalitions on their behalf.
15060:
14725:
12719:
12616:
12429:
9673:
9658:
9585:
9326:
9218:
9188:
8978:
8065:
8053:
2299:
2183:
2030:
1479:
1061:
587:
6910:
12961:
10326:
10232:
9974:
9663:
7915:
7791:
6930:
2400:
1400:
105:
2589:
among themselves, actual or tacit, that nothing can be conceived less systematic or more completely desultory, disjointed.
14735:
13708:
13688:
13668:
13648:
13628:
13608:
13588:
13568:
13548:
13528:
13508:
13488:
13468:
13443:
13423:
13403:
13383:
13363:
13343:
13323:
13303:
13283:
13263:
13243:
13223:
13203:
13183:
13163:
13143:
13130:
13117:
13104:
13091:
13078:
13065:
13052:
13039:
13026:
13013:
13000:
12987:
12948:
12935:
12922:
12909:
12896:
12883:
12870:
12318:
11151:
11130:
11110:
11090:
11070:
11050:
11030:
11010:
10990:
10970:
10950:
10930:
10910:
10890:
10870:
10850:
10830:
10810:
10790:
10770:
10750:
10730:
10710:
10690:
10670:
10650:
10630:
10610:
10590:
10566:
10553:
10540:
10527:
10514:
10501:
10488:
10475:
10462:
10449:
10436:
10423:
10397:
10384:
10237:
9864:
9668:
9580:
9532:
9355:
9250:
8926:
8336:
2316:
2193:
1713:
1504:
1429:
1235:
The minority leader strives to promote party harmony so as to maximize the chances for legislative and political success.
523:
7015:
2620:
Republicans were in the minority, the party nominated for Speaker a series of prominent lawmakers, including ex-Speaker
2569:
of Virginia informally functioned as the first "minority leader" because in the First Congress he led the opposition to
12659:
12424:
12009:
11980:
11252:
9621:
8867:
2458:
2438:
2213:
2208:
2163:
1851:
1733:
1576:
1568:
1316:
1120:
1068:
518:
3098:
The minority party offers opposition, but it is of marginal significance, typically because the minority is so small.
2962:
Under the rules of the House, the minority leader has certain roles and responsibilities. They include the following:
14810:
12601:
12393:
11875:
11228:
11192:
10016:
9870:
9626:
9113:
8622:
8572:
8075:
7654:
7375:
7289:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2346:
2321:
2282:
2173:
2116:
2081:
1796:
1298:
1101:
131:
8375:
1039:
15030:
14962:
14919:
14426:
13881:
13781:
12781:
12571:
11586:
11222:
10308:
10170:
10145:
9884:
9683:
9503:
9316:
8060:
7762:
7755:
7611:
Burdette Loomis, "The Consummate Minority Leader: Everette M. Dirksen," in Richard Baker and Roger Davidson, eds.,
6448:
4049:
2736:
2656:
2392:
2377:
2353:
2268:
2086:
2068:
2063:
697:
301:
297:
6543:
These strategic options have been modified to a degree and come from Jones, The Minority Party in Congress, p. 20.
1050:
207:
14830:
14775:
14740:
14610:
13816:
12444:
12358:
12323:
11276:
11234:
11210:
11204:
10165:
9902:
9891:
9844:
9557:
8437:
7972:
7908:
3015:
2405:
2256:
2198:
2153:
1981:
1640:
692:
3092:
The minority party supports and cooperates with the majority party in building winning coalitions on the floor.
840:
also had a comparatively quick rise to the post and was the youngest House Majority Leader in American history.
14850:
14815:
14730:
14720:
14680:
14371:
13751:
12831:
12664:
12398:
12313:
12263:
11970:
11216:
11186:
10365:
10129:
10110:
10093:
9807:
9795:
9678:
9606:
7706:
7444:
Lewis Deschler, Deschler's Precedents of the United States House of Representatives, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.:
7337:
6813:
6783:
6669:
6643:
6583:
6475:
4078:
2223:
2218:
1718:
1698:
1521:
1487:
1129:
1035:
801:
675:
69:
14820:
14780:
14770:
14765:
14288:
13810:
13804:
13763:
12729:
12403:
12363:
12353:
12348:
12328:
12273:
12248:
11705:
11240:
11174:
10175:
10030:
9959:
9473:
9173:
8931:
8857:
8612:
8567:
6951:
3950:
3239:
3051:
2913:
2203:
2188:
1906:
1311:
1266:
702:
6694:
190:
14998:
14805:
14695:
14640:
14595:
14519:
13787:
13775:
13769:
13745:
12499:
12388:
12278:
12243:
12193:
12178:
11307:
11282:
11246:
11180:
10212:
10197:
10155:
10150:
10037:
9980:
9729:
9590:
9520:
9141:
8941:
8936:
8387:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7691:
7263:
Nelson, Garrison (Fall 1976). "Leadership Position-Holding in the United States House of Representatives".
7144:
Nelson, Garrison (Fall 1976). "Leadership Position-Holding in the United States House of Representatives".
7099:
Nelson, Garrison (Fall 1976). "Leadership Position-Holding in the United States House of Representatives".
6359:
6342:
6295:
6278:
6248:
6211:
6142:
6114:
6067:
6021:
5967:
5934:
5909:
5899:
5852:
5835:
5809:
5728:
5681:
4341:
3480:
3289:. They are reckoned as the third-ranking member of their party behind the Speaker and the Majority Leader.
3043:
2889:
1645:
1537:
869:
789:
781:
682:
269:, the House Majority Leader is the second highest-ranking member of their party's House caucus, behind the
8370:
3238:
meetings. We have party effectiveness meetings. There's a lot more communication. I believe leadership is
3122:
The minority party opposes initiatives of the majority party and offers its own proposals as substitutes.
2916:, he had already announced his retirement and had little or no involvement in the campaign, including the
856:
specified in the Constitution as the House's unique power. However, this designation (begun under Speaker
820:
have often ascended to their position despite relatively few years of experience in that chamber, such as
14625:
14600:
13757:
13737:
12611:
12526:
12480:
12308:
12203:
12183:
11510:
11270:
11258:
11166:
10115:
9940:
9824:
9537:
8862:
8584:
8447:
5671:
5661:
5611:
5601:
5547:
5519:
5471:
5424:
5407:
5397:
5376:
5359:
5300:
5279:
5269:
5211:
5146:
5136:
5078:
5020:
4987:
4961:
4935:
4883:
4873:
4795:
4730:
4672:
4633:
4623:
4587:
4537:
4498:
4440:
4430:
4393:
4354:
4307:
4263:
4248:
4227:
4191:
4163:
4085:
2854:
2838:
2826:
2822:
2806:
2794:
2790:
2778:
2762:
2750:
2746:
2726:
2714:
2698:
2682:
2666:
2646:
2478:
2292:
2076:
2001:
1946:
1911:
873:
861:
486:
251:
3104:
The minority party chooses not to take a position on an issue, perhaps because of intraparty divisions.
15025:
14785:
14760:
14665:
14630:
14461:
13834:
13828:
13822:
12531:
12368:
11288:
10160:
9945:
8872:
8533:
7391:
7367:
3420:
1986:
1891:
687:
509:
15090:
15018:
14755:
14710:
14700:
14685:
14675:
14660:
14615:
14605:
13008:
12669:
12373:
12338:
12293:
12283:
12268:
12258:
12223:
12188:
11264:
10222:
9935:
9839:
7699:
3136:
if his party fails to offer policy alternatives that appeal to broad segments of the general public.
2651:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1916:
15126:
14887:
14840:
14825:
14800:
14705:
14645:
14620:
14590:
14580:
14548:
14108:
12434:
12408:
12383:
12288:
12233:
12228:
12208:
12173:
12163:
10078:
9515:
8365:
7877:
7797:
7457:
Guy Gugliotta, "For Minority Leader, A Matter of Consensus; Inquiry Vote Tests Gephardt's Skills,"
6935:
6866:
4474:
3870:
3819:
3780:
3737:
3694:
2016:
1866:
1781:
1306:
1075:
1020:
877:
765:
The floor leaders and whips of each party are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door
7288:
Polsby, Nelson (September 1968). "The Institutionalization of the U.S. House of Representatives".
6561:
14904:
14715:
14655:
14585:
13975:
13865:
13840:
12343:
12298:
12238:
12213:
12168:
11935:
11830:
10065:
10009:
9819:
9429:
9260:
9118:
9108:
8898:
8825:
8442:
7527:
7493:
3608:
1901:
1896:
1771:
1024:
881:
481:
247:
54:
7584:
See Jim Vande Hei, "White House Sidesteps Gephardt's Leadership," Roll Call, July 7, 1997, p. 1.
6748:
1140:
must be introduced (by request) in the House by the Majority Leader of the House or a designee.
14934:
14929:
14790:
14670:
14635:
14301:
13134:
13108:
13095:
13047:
13043:
12930:
12891:
12521:
12253:
12218:
11810:
11780:
10578:
10051:
9969:
9812:
7931:
4775:
4506:
4362:
2767:
2731:
2382:
1991:
1956:
1861:
1836:
1337:
1329:
1218:
The minority leader provides campaign assistance to political party incumbents and challengers.
7416:
Charles O. Jones, The Minority Party in Congress (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1970), p. 31.
864:) was informal, and after 1865, alternated between the Ways and Means Committee Chair and the
154:
14795:
14750:
14650:
14366:
13307:
13287:
13267:
13247:
13191:
12606:
12378:
12333:
10818:
9917:
9133:
9060:
8973:
8968:
8477:
7431:
7363:
7183:
7164:
4786:
4417:
4143:
2986:
2917:
2909:
2811:
2599:
1976:
1926:
1881:
1871:
1856:
1846:
1831:
1811:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1623:
1164:
669:
7646:
Legislators, Leaders, and Lawmaking: The U.S. House of Representatives in the Postreform Era
7303:
6579:
1278:
171:
14431:
14172:
12973:
12956:
12636:
12626:
11895:
11890:
11880:
11730:
11725:
11634:
11616:
11604:
11592:
11580:
11574:
10794:
10774:
10598:
10594:
10548:
10121:
9877:
9734:
9525:
9435:
9372:
9306:
9255:
8830:
8494:
7947:
7543:
7199:
6835:
6664:
6497:
5256:
5202:
5180:
5123:
5054:
4891:
4829:
4749:
4463:
4214:
4171:
3046:, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. They are a member of the
3008:
available to serve on investigative subcommittees of that committee during that Congress."
2901:
2893:
2848:
2831:
2799:
2783:
2755:
2608:
2499:
1996:
1971:
1876:
1816:
1791:
1761:
1751:
1421:
980:
losing the speaker's chair, there may be a contest for the remaining leadership positions.
884:
began naming chairs (although conference and caucus chairs carried very little authority).
723:
7488:
Babson, Jennifer (July 15, 1995). "Democrats Refine the Tactics of Minority Party Power".
7246:
DeAlva Stanwood Alexander, History and Procedure of the House of Representatives (Boston:
8:
15013:
14306:
14296:
14130:
14035:
14023:
13993:
13987:
13060:
13034:
12995:
12991:
12969:
12809:
12799:
12589:
11800:
11538:
10570:
10557:
10453:
10336:
10227:
9834:
9785:
9547:
9498:
9183:
9050:
7043:
6861:
5759:
4860:
4814:
4764:
4738:
4680:
4567:
4298:
4199:
4106:
3371:
3364:
3353:
2557:
1931:
1886:
1826:
1801:
1756:
645:
848:
Before 1899, the majority party floor leader had traditionally been the Chairman of the
14914:
14406:
14361:
14356:
14336:
14256:
14214:
14166:
14124:
13981:
13945:
13935:
13923:
13893:
13367:
13347:
13231:
13171:
13151:
12981:
12965:
12819:
12814:
12804:
12621:
12486:
11915:
11855:
11745:
11640:
11622:
11598:
11520:
11365:
11347:
10544:
10535:
10457:
10346:
10341:
10331:
10217:
9907:
9245:
9163:
9103:
8983:
7987:
6602:
5287:
5191:
5065:
4599:
4556:
4287:
4182:
4121:
3921:
3897:
3862:
3216:
3148:
2998:
2671:
2573:
2126:
1961:
1841:
1806:
1133:
907:
903:
892:
608:
10388:
3227:
3072:
Five activities illustrate how minority leaders seek to accomplish this primary goal.
1345:
1124:
14924:
14471:
14466:
14441:
14421:
14411:
14238:
14202:
14118:
14047:
14017:
13969:
13957:
13939:
13929:
13899:
13516:
13407:
13391:
13271:
13251:
13112:
13086:
12631:
11965:
11940:
11920:
11870:
11845:
11825:
11815:
11775:
11750:
11652:
11550:
11413:
11401:
11389:
11371:
11335:
11198:
10974:
10954:
10938:
10918:
10838:
10718:
10614:
10505:
10492:
10470:
10466:
10392:
9987:
9951:
9930:
9387:
9123:
9070:
9030:
9015:
8702:
7815:
7650:
7624:
Eliza Newlin Carney, "Don't Count Us Out," National Journal, April 29, 1995, p. 1024.
7471:
Barnes, James A.; Stone, Peter H. (February 26, 2000). "A Rich Harvest on the Hill".
7371:
6895:
5747:
5506:
5367:
5346:
5230:
5154:
5097:
5028:
4907:
4803:
4695:
4652:
4528:
3854:
3799:
3756:
3713:
3674:
3427:
3309:
2625:
2136:
2006:
1966:
1921:
1821:
1723:
1618:
1206:
821:
810:
797:
624:
15003:
14860:
14476:
14456:
14446:
14436:
14416:
14232:
14220:
14196:
14184:
14160:
14142:
14011:
13963:
13875:
13331:
13291:
13211:
13082:
13073:
13069:
13056:
13030:
12917:
12900:
12887:
12878:
11994:
11989:
11900:
11820:
11795:
11785:
11658:
11568:
11431:
11407:
11359:
11323:
10638:
10574:
10561:
10531:
10518:
10440:
10427:
9749:
9148:
8998:
8817:
7473:
7247:
7068:
6753:
6699:
5630:
5527:
4974:
4717:
4545:
4373:
4235:
4154:
3981:
3946:
3513:
3498:
3473:
3187:
3133:
2935:
2905:
2859:
2843:
2703:
2660:
2603:
1728:
993:
825:
325:
4043:
The Majority and President are included for historical and comparative reference.
4007:
3917:
3234:
We have weekly caucus meetings. We have daily leadership meetings. We have weekly
3230:
Members and with different factional groupings. As Minority Leader Gephardt said:
3198:
responsibility has been to propose Republican alternatives," said Minority Leader
868:
Chair after the latter committee was split from the former. By at least 1850, the
14533:
14401:
14396:
14331:
14316:
14208:
14089:
13951:
13672:
13532:
13455:
13451:
13447:
13427:
13411:
13387:
13327:
13311:
13121:
13004:
12943:
12939:
12865:
12073:
12004:
11925:
11865:
11760:
11755:
11740:
11735:
11720:
11562:
11544:
11532:
11526:
11485:
11437:
11383:
10834:
10754:
10738:
10734:
10714:
10634:
10618:
10479:
10431:
10414:
10405:
10401:
9964:
8914:
8822:
7833:
7827:
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6511:
6378:
6367:
5822:
5308:
4995:
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4132:
4095:
4013:
3913:
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3297:
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and the majority leader to coordinate ideas on, and garner support for, proposed
3278:
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2511:
2131:
1613:
1596:
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1529:
1465:
1392:
1179:
1137:
914:, who served as Majority Leader from 1971–1973, died in a plane crash; and
813:
of Arizona, was elected Minority Leader in 1973 after 20 years of House service.
805:
785:
539:
329:
321:
285:
259:
255:
215:
198:
12044:
2896:, R-MA, to be Speaker. Mann "had angered many Republicans by objecting to their
14558:
14481:
14451:
14386:
14381:
14351:
14346:
14341:
14326:
14311:
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13125:
13021:
13017:
12952:
12874:
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12684:
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12516:
12068:
12063:
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11910:
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11688:
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11425:
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11377:
11034:
11014:
10678:
10674:
10658:
10654:
10496:
10418:
10058:
9230:
9153:
9080:
7883:
7863:
7785:
7549:
6393:
6224:
6198:
5942:
5921:
5581:
5490:
5479:
5432:
4706:
4663:
4610:
4517:
4485:
4406:
4384:
3975:
3909:
3885:
3846:
3827:
3815:
3803:
3776:
3733:
3698:
3690:
3659:
3655:
3624:
3509:
3494:
3459:
3448:
3399:
3378:
3339:
3321:
3235:
2430:
2357:
1241:
1175:
959:
942:
926:
534:
420:
3316:, which is the highest appointed position within the House Democratic Caucus.
15105:
15065:
14510:
14496:
14274:
14136:
14077:
13887:
13712:
13696:
13596:
13536:
13431:
13351:
13207:
13099:
12913:
12689:
12014:
11955:
11840:
11664:
11395:
10934:
10914:
10874:
10854:
10814:
10798:
10778:
10522:
10509:
10483:
9382:
9208:
8988:
8795:
7857:
7773:
6404:
6235:
5864:
5796:
5770:
5652:
5555:
5415:
5007:
4641:
3901:
3893:
3858:
3811:
3807:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3741:
3721:
3702:
3682:
3663:
3643:
3628:
3593:
3574:
3466:
3455:
3066:
2719:
2602:
of Kentucky as Speaker. Republicans placed in nomination for the speakership
2566:
1512:
1454:
1432:
1381:
1350:
930:
915:
793:
333:
305:
162:
7721:
7205:
2956:
14486:
14391:
14376:
14321:
14190:
14148:
14083:
13652:
13632:
13616:
13572:
13552:
13492:
13472:
13187:
13138:
12034:
12029:
11950:
11930:
11885:
11835:
11805:
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11694:
11676:
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11449:
11341:
11329:
11317:
11134:
11114:
11094:
10444:
10253:
9477:
9377:
9025:
9020:
7839:
7809:
7741:
7330:
7008:"Eric Cantor 1st House Majority Leader to Lose Renomination Bid in History"
6984:
6806:
6776:
6722:
6634:
6435:
6329:
6286:
6176:
6161:
6133:
6101:
6054:
5986:
5954:
5843:
5592:
5086:
3963:
3905:
3889:
3874:
3850:
3823:
3784:
3772:
3725:
3562:
3555:
3547:
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3528:
3487:
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3171:
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2943:
2939:
2897:
2772:
2581:
2561:
2553:
1608:
1591:
1579:
1443:
1370:
981:
922:
888:
777:
238:
14538:
14501:
14262:
14250:
14053:
14041:
13999:
13905:
12977:
12053:
12048:
12039:
12024:
11999:
11985:
11850:
11646:
11556:
11455:
11353:
11074:
11058:
11054:
11038:
11018:
10894:
10878:
10858:
10758:
9226:
9178:
9085:
9040:
7900:
7873:
7803:
6314:
6303:
6187:
6150:
6122:
6086:
6075:
5975:
5736:
5689:
5538:
5458:
5384:
5331:
5245:
5219:
5165:
5112:
5039:
4922:
4845:
4448:
4330:
4276:
4026:
3994:
3969:
3937:
3878:
3831:
3788:
3745:
3717:
3678:
3639:
3620:
3604:
3589:
3392:
3286:
3199:
3162:
2931:
1601:
1229:
989:
950:
852:, the most powerful committee in the House, as it generates the Bills of
837:
829:
613:
7360:
Fighting for the Speakership: The House and the Rise of Party Government
6505:
3005:
Committee on Standards of Official Conduct: Investigative Subcommittees.
2979:
involving the House and receive audit reports of the inspector general.
2506:
887:
The office of Majority Leader was created in 1899 and first occupied by
769:
by secret ballot. The Speaker-presumptive is assumed to be the incoming
14528:
14524:
14506:
14268:
14065:
13612:
12926:
11975:
11945:
11905:
11790:
11479:
11473:
11443:
11118:
11098:
10978:
10958:
10698:
10694:
7869:
7845:
5875:
5715:
5641:
5566:
5443:
5320:
4032:
3866:
3842:
3795:
3752:
3709:
3670:
3635:
3600:
3581:
3566:
3551:
3532:
3517:
3502:
3441:
3317:
3144:
3069:, D-MO. "That's what want to do, and that's what they want me to do."
934:
911:
857:
833:
1225:
The minority leader works to promote and publicize the party's agenda.
941:
contested the Speakership, which eventually went to Chief Deputy Whip
14553:
14543:
14515:
14491:
14071:
13911:
13692:
13676:
13656:
13636:
11682:
11078:
10998:
9449:
9055:
7779:
7508:
6911:"Eric Cantor dropping leadership post, calls loss 'personal setback'"
6415:
6350:
6265:
6034:
6008:
5997:
5886:
5785:
5700:
5619:
3729:
3686:
3651:
3616:
3585:
3570:
3385:
2969:
1495:
955:
938:
576:
317:
313:
309:
179:
7507:
Wallison, Ethan (May 17, 1999). "Gephardt Plans Petition Strategy".
6560:. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from
1009:
43:
14029:
13716:
13227:
12750:
12739:
11960:
11467:
11138:
10994:
10898:
10277:
10024:
First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
9442:
8893:
7851:
7063:
3647:
3612:
2926:
2816:
2676:
2612:
972:
254:. Depending on which party is in power, one party leader serves as
6723:
Party Leaders in the House: Election, Duties, and Responsibilities
3936:
was established by Nancy Pelosi on January 3, 2011, and filled by
2892:, R-IL, who had been minority leader for eight years, and elected
13592:
13576:
13556:
8963:
6952:"Eric Cantor loses GOP primary to tea party challenger Dave Brat"
2692:
2636:
853:
7679:
2629:
according to some observers, with respect to ex-Speaker Keifer.
921:
Since 1995, the only two Majority Leaders to become Speaker are
784:, she had served in the House nearly 20 years and had served as
9829:
9424:
6728:(Report). Congressional Research Service. pp. 2β3. RS20881
3176:
766:
15122:
Minority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
15117:
Majority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
7685:
10003:
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
7059:"Eric Cantor Tells Virginia Newspaper He'll Resign in August"
6956:
2864:
2740:
18:
Minority leader of the United States House of Representatives
2556:. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party
1210:
such as appointing individuals to certain federal entities.
304:
holding a minority, the current leaders are Majority Leader
15132:
Lists related to the United States House of Representatives
9075:
6552:
Sources differ on the dates that Underwood served as Whip:
3841:(until January 15, 2021) (Assistant to the Majority Whip),
2900:
on the floor;" also he was a protΓ©gΓ© of autocratic Speaker
2708:
2420:
899:
had grown from 105 at the beginning of the century to 356.
4001:
List of Assistant Speakers of the House of Representatives
3250:
8796:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
6915:
2425:
6580:"Party Leaders in Congress, 1789-2007: Vital Statistics"
1128:, stipulates that an implementing bill submitted by the
365:
Great Seal of the United States House of Representatives
6576:
Another indicates that he served only during 1901. See
3945:
post first established in 1999; and previously held by
7571:
Dorothy Collin, "Michel Plays to Peoria -- and U.S.,"
7522:
Arieff, Irwin (February 28, 1981). "Inside Congress".
7331:
Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019
7039:"Eric Cantor Succumbs to Tea Party Challenger Tuesday"
6807:
Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019
6777:
Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2019
15112:
Leaders of the United States House of Representatives
3949:. There is currently no Republican equivalent in the
2908:
was the Minority Leader in 1994 when the Republicans
31:
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
9926:
List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex
6931:"Eric Cantor Stepping Down as House Majority Leader"
6555:
One indicates that he served from 1899 to 1901. See
6487:
2985:
Under Rule IX, clause 2, a resolution "offered as a
7296:
933:announced his resignation, neither Majority Leader
72:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
9472:
6636:The Role of the House Minority Leader: An Overview
4038:
3320:held this post from 1991 until his death in 2020.
224:Party leaders of the U.S. House of Representatives
7304:"Minority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)"
6836:"Majority Leaders of the House (1899 to present)"
3957:List of House Democratic Assistants to the Leader
2624:of Maine in 1875, former Appropriations Chairman
1676:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
1228:The minority leader, if their party controls the
992:became the first House Majority Leader to lose a
15103:
10045:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
9612:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
7221:Forge of Democracy: The House of Representatives
6689:
6687:
2920:which was unveiled six weeks before voting day.
1115:and direct management for all House committees.
7633:Davidson, et al., Masters of the House, pp.323.
7237:(Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1909), p. 208.
81:"party leaders of the house of representatives"
7587:
7358:Jenkins, Jeffrey A.; Stewart, Charles (2013).
7357:
6971:
6746:
2637:Minority party nominees for Speaker, 1865β1897
2611:, R-ME, who later became Speaker, assumed the
12766:
10293:
7916:
7707:
7428:Party Leaders in the House of Representatives
7180:Party Leaders in the House of Representatives
7161:Party Leaders in the House of Representatives
7118:. New York: Harcourt Brace. pp. 135β136.
6749:"A Brief History of Congressional Leadership"
6684:
2532:
741:
7258:
7256:
6828:
14983:National Democratic Redistricting Committee
14958:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
12552:National Republican Congressional Committee
10073:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
7615:(Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 1991), p. 250.
7470:
6943:
6747:Berg-Andersson, Richard E. (June 7, 2001).
6632:
3048:Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee
3012:Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence.
1038:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
958:was considered more prominent than Speaker
12773:
12759:
12642:High School Republican National Federation
10300:
10286:
7930:
7923:
7909:
7714:
7700:
7328:
7087:. Boston: Chapman and Grimes. p. 346.
7005:
6804:
6774:
6720:
6577:
4020:List of House Assistant Democratic Leaders
3988:List of House Assistant Democratic Leaders
3927:
3395:(Majority, 2003β2007; Minority, 2007β2009)
3014:"The Speaker and Minority Leader shall be
2949:
2539:
2525:
748:
734:
14968:Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee
7329:Heitshusen, Valerie (September 4, 2019).
7253:
6805:Heitshusen, Valerie (September 4, 2019).
6775:Heitshusen, Valerie (September 4, 2019).
6578:Heitshusen, Valerie (February 27, 2007).
6520:Party leaders of the United States Senate
3140:Promote and Publicize the Party's Agenda.
1102:Learn how and when to remove this message
818:party leaders of the United States Senate
132:Learn how and when to remove this message
14978:National Conference of Democratic Mayors
14973:Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee
14953:Democratic Attorneys General Association
12735:Timeline of modern American conservatism
12567:Republican Attorneys General Association
12562:National Republican Senatorial Committee
10259:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
7642:
7506:
7310:. United States House of Representatives
7133:. New York: Harcourt Brace. p. 137.
6999:
6889:Memoli, Michael A. (November 17, 2010).
291:
60:Relevant discussion may be found on the
15009:National Federation of Democratic Women
12557:National Republican Redistricting Trust
9026:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
7986:
7866:(Policy/Communications Committee Chair)
7223:. New York: David McKay Co. p. 70.
7082:
6891:"Nancy Pelosi is House minority leader"
6525:Divided government in the United States
3251:Party whips and assistant party leaders
1671:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
1661:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
1260:This article is part of a series on the
14:
15104:
12675:Republican National Coalition for Life
8503:Caucuses of the United States Congress
7727:United States House of Representatives
7521:
7487:
7425:
7287:
7262:
7218:
7177:
7158:
7143:
7098:
6888:
6840:U.S. House History, Art & Archives
6721:Heitshusen, Valerie (April 24, 2017).
780:, D-CA, became Minority Leader in the
233:United States House of Representatives
15086:2018 House Caucus leadership election
15081:2006 House Caucus leadership election
12754:
12617:Republican National Hispanic Assembly
10281:
9471:
8794:
7985:
7904:
7880:(Steering/Policy Committee Co-Chairs)
7695:
7524:Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
7490:Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
7128:
7113:
7036:
3435:List of Democratic Chief Deputy Whips
3333:List of Republican Chief Deputy Whips
3277:is an elected member of the majority
3023:Motion to Recommit with Instructions.
2031:Elections in the District of Columbia
1251:
12780:
10307:
6977:
6695:"House of Representatives Hierarchy"
2401:United States and the United Nations
1633:Inferior Courts of the United States
1147:
1036:adding citations to reliable sources
1003:
300:holding a majority of seats and the
70:adding citations to reliable sources
37:
8134:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
7643:Sinclair, Barbara (June 26, 1998).
7131:The Washington Community, 1800-1828
7116:The Washington Community, 1800-1828
6949:
1505:Vice President of the United States
1199:
147:Current House leaders below speaker
24:
12660:Republican Main Street Partnership
7540:
7196:
7006:Ostermeier, Eric (June 10, 2014).
3036:
1569:Supreme Court of the United States
1277:
1143:
999:
360:
25:
15143:
12602:Congressional Hispanic Conference
10017:Progress of Civilization Pediment
9871:Congressional Pictorial Directory
8724:By length of service historically
7673:
7290:American Political Science Review
6980:"Cantor's Loss: A Stunning Upset"
3083:Devise Minority Party Strategies.
1299:Constitution of the United States
15031:High School Democrats of America
14963:Democratic Governors Association
14920:Congressional Progressive Caucus
13689:2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)
12572:Republican Governors Association
11111:2020 (Charlotte/other locations)
9885:Official Congressional Directory
9504:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
7392:"Speaker of the House - History"
6627: This article incorporates
6622:
6600:"Call for a Democratic Caucus".
6504:
6490:
2505:
2493:
1744:Elections by State and Territory
1349:
1344:
1152:
1134:fast-track negotiating authority
1008:
800:for four years, had been a 1988
717:
206:
189:
170:
153:
42:
14898:Steering and Outreach Committee
9694:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
8541:Arab and Middle Eastern members
8438:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
7973:Lists of United States Congress
7636:
7627:
7618:
7605:
7596:
7578:
7565:
7556:
7534:
7515:
7500:
7481:
7464:
7451:
7446:U.S. Government Printing Office
7438:
7419:
7410:
7384:
7351:
7322:
7280:
7271:
7240:
7227:
7212:
7190:
7171:
7152:
7137:
7122:
7107:
7091:
7075:
7051:
7037:Costa, Robert (June 10, 2014).
7030:
6923:
6903:
6842:. U.S. House of Representatives
6546:
6537:
4039:List of party leaders and whips
3025:Under Rule XIII, clause 6, the
2406:United Nations Security Council
2309:District of Columbia Government
836:. Former House Majority Leader
53:needs additional citations for
12665:Republican Majority for Choice
12493:Steering and Policy Committees
9796:Congressional Research Service
9543:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
8546:Asian Pacific American members
7338:Congressional Research Service
7129:Young, James Sterling (1966).
7114:Young, James Sterling (1966).
6882:
6862:"Best & Worst of Congress"
6854:
6814:Congressional Research Service
6798:
6784:Congressional Research Service
6768:
6740:
6714:
6652:
6644:Congressional Research Service
6584:Congressional Research Service
1522:United States Attorney General
1488:President of the United States
1130:President of the United States
866:House Appropriations Committee
850:House Ways and Means Committee
284:of the House, commonly called
13:
1:
12730:International Democracy Union
10031:Surrender of General Burgoyne
9388:Old Brick Capitol (1815β1819)
8551:Asian Pacific American Caucus
8144:Lost re-election in a primary
7680:Office of the Majority Leader
6978:Ball, Molly (June 10, 2014).
6616:
6606:. January 9, 1900. p. 8.
3951:U.S. House of Representatives
3849:(Senior Chief Deputy Whips),
3052:Democratic Leadership Council
2910:regained control of the House
1666:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
1178:in tone and meet Knowledge's
244:party caucuses or conferences
14999:College Democrats of America
10038:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
9981:The Apotheosis of Washington
9715:Chief Administrative Officer
9553:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
6950:Kim, Clare (June 10, 2014).
3798:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip),
3755:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip),
3712:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip),
3673:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip),
3638:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip),
3603:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip),
3296:is a member of the minority
3183:Confer With the White House.
3076:Provide Campaign Assistance.
1656:Court of International Trade
1136:(trade promotion authority)
874:House Republican Conferences
760:
7:
12962:1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)
12612:Republican Jewish Coalition
12527:Republican Governance Group
10203:Health and Fitness Facility
9995:Declaration of Independence
8764:Killed or wounded in office
8585:Congressional Jewish Caucus
8558:Hispanic and Latino members
7686:Office of the Majority Whip
7461:, October 8, 1998, pp. A18.
7426:Ripley, Randall B. (1967).
7308:History, Art & Archives
7178:Ripley, Randall B. (1967).
7159:Ripley, Randall B. (1967).
6483:
4075:
3934:Assistant Democratic Leader
3096:Inconsequential Opposition.
3050:; names the members of the
862:12th United States Congress
252:House Republican Conference
10:
15148:
15076:2017 chairmanship election
15071:2005 chairmanship election
15026:Young Democrats of America
12532:Republican Study Committee
9617:Interparliamentary Affairs
9538:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
9174:Riddick's Senate Procedure
8601:Gender and sexual identity
7886:(Senior Chief Deputy Whip)
7860:(Campaign Committee Chair)
7794:(Campaign Committee Chair)
7368:Princeton University Press
7233:Herbert Bruce Fuller, The
7083:Riddick, Floyd M. (1941).
4973:
4785:
843:
28:
15091:Weekly Democratic Address
15043:
15019:Stonewall Young Democrats
14991:
14945:
14880:
14869:
14567:
14284:
14099:
13850:
13732:
12830:
12790:
12707:
12670:Republican Liberty Caucus
12650:
12580:
12542:
12473:
12462:
12417:
12156:
12142:
12082:
11713:
11704:
11495:
11298:
11161:
10357:
10317:
10246:
10223:Old Supreme Court Chamber
10188:
10138:
10103:
10092:
9936:Congressional Prayer Room
9916:
9853:
9784:
9702:
9651:
9644:
9599:
9573:
9566:
9489:
9485:
9467:
9417:
9383:Congress Hall (1790β1800)
9334:
9325:
9299:
9217:
9096:
8907:
8881:
8805:
8801:
8790:
8729:Current members by wealth
8716:
8664:
8648:
8600:
8511:
8493:
8486:
8460:
8413:
8329:
8322:
8162:
8154:Elected but did not serve
8104:
8041:
8005:
7998:
7994:
7981:
7938:
7748:
7733:
7666:– via Google Books.
7548:Vol. 135, Page
7432:The Brookings Institution
7184:The Brookings Institution
7165:The Brookings Institution
6660:"U.S. Senate: Leadership"
6414:
6403:
6377:
6366:
6358:
6349:
6324:
6313:
6302:
6285:
6260:
6247:
6234:
6223:
6210:
6197:
6186:
6171:
6160:
6149:
6132:
6096:
6085:
6074:
6053:
6020:
6007:
5996:
5985:
5974:
5941:
5933:
5916:
5885:
5874:
5859:
5842:
5821:
5808:
5795:
5780:
5769:
5758:
5746:
5727:
5710:
5699:
5688:
5651:
5640:
5629:
5618:
5591:
5576:
5565:
5554:
5526:
5505:
5489:
5478:
5470:
5453:
5414:
5383:
5366:
5341:
5330:
5319:
5307:
5299:
5286:
5255:
5240:
5229:
5218:
5201:
5122:
5107:
5096:
5085:
4994:
4986:
4960:
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4934:
4917:
4906:
4890:
4882:
4855:
4844:
4802:
4794:
4774:
4705:
4662:
4640:
4609:
4594:
4577:
4566:
4544:
4505:
4484:
4473:
4458:
4416:
4405:
4400:
4383:
4340:
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4314:
4297:
4286:
4270:
4247:
4234:
4209:
4198:
4181:
4170:
4142:
4131:
4116:
4105:
2874:
2097:List of political parties
902:Starting with Republican
882:House Democratic Caucuses
282:assistant minority leader
278:assistant majority leader
14846:Northern Mariana Islands
12440:Northern Mariana Islands
9516:Architect of the Capitol
9378:Federal Hall (1789β1790)
8519:African-American members
7943:House of Representatives
7878:Debbie Wasserman Schultz
7800:(Policy Committee Chair)
7575:, August 16, 1982, p. 2.
7204:Vol. 29, Page
6530:
3871:Debbie Wasserman Schultz
3820:Debbie Wasserman Schultz
3781:Debbie Wasserman Schultz
3738:Debbie Wasserman Schultz
3695:Debbie Wasserman Schultz
3314:Senior Chief Deputy Whip
3255:
3120:Constructive Opposition.
2882:Ways and Means Committee
2500:United States portal
2012:Northern Mariana Islands
1360:House of Representatives
1118:One statutory duty, per
792:. When her predecessor,
724:United States portal
342:This article is part of
15056:Presidential candidates
10066:Washington at Princeton
10010:Apotheosis of Democracy
9430:Congressional Quarterly
9119:Executive communication
9109:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
9066:Suspension of the rules
8592:Native American members
8018:By shortness of service
7806:(Conference Vice Chair)
7528:Congressional Quarterly
7494:Congressional Quarterly
7085:Congressional Procedure
5024:
4877:
3943:Assistant to the Leader
3928:Assistant party leaders
3845:(until July 17, 2020),
2983:Questions of Privilege.
2950:Institutional functions
2229:Individualist anarchism
1401:Congressional districts
1051:"house majority leader"
638:Articles of impeachment
497:Congressional districts
248:House Democratic Caucus
14935:Problem Solvers Caucus
14930:New Democrat Coalition
13784:(1885β1889; 1893β1897)
12522:Problem Solvers Caucus
10233:Webster Page Residence
10208:House Recording Studio
10052:Revolutionary War Door
9813:Register of Copyrights
9394:Biographical Directory
8863:"Necessary and Proper"
8403:Policy Committee Chair
8381:Policy Committee Chair
7932:United States Congress
7812:(Conference Secretary)
6629:public domain material
3266:manages their party's
3210:Senate Minority Leader
3208:Ford also teamed with
2914:1994 midterm elections
2768:Samuel Jackson Randall
2732:James Gillespie Blaine
2366:Diplomatic missions of
2244:Political polarization
1714:Presidential elections
1338:United States Congress
1282:
802:presidential candidate
676:House office buildings
559:Committee of the Whole
551:Politics and procedure
510:HuntingtonβHill method
366:
267:Senate Majority Leader
12607:Log Cabin Republicans
9558:Technology Assessment
8979:Dear Colleague letter
8974:Continuing resolution
8969:Concurrent resolution
8448:Republican Conference
8388:Republican Conference
8349:President pro tempore
8081:Born outside the U.S.
7448:, 1977), pp. 211-212.
7364:Princeton, New Jersey
7235:Speakers of the House
7219:McNeil, Neil (1963).
4787:Franklin D. Roosevelt
4144:James Albertus Tawney
3223:Foster Party Harmony.
2987:question of privilege
2918:Contract with America
2812:John Griffin Carlisle
1441:President Pro Tempore
1281:
670:United States Capitol
487:Republican Conference
364:
292:Current floor leaders
231:Party leaders of the
14836:District of Columbia
13509:1984 (San Francisco)
13404:1964 (Atlantic City)
13184:1920 (San Francisco)
12637:Republicans Overseas
12627:Teen Age Republicans
12430:District of Columbia
10831:1964 (San Francisco)
10791:1956 (San Francisco)
10327:National Union Party
10122:Mountains and Clouds
9878:Congressional Record
9735:Floor Services Chief
9622:Law Revision Counsel
9373:Continental Congress
8868:Power of enforcement
8831:Contempt of Congress
8734:From multiple states
8687:Mormon (LDS) members
8495:Congressional caucus
8139:Served a single term
8071:Expelled or censured
8013:By length of service
7552:(September 12, 1989)
7544:Congressional Record
7430:. Washington, D.C.:
7200:Congressional Record
7182:. Washington, D.C.:
7163:. Washington, D.C.:
6665:United States Senate
6498:United States portal
5257:Joseph W. Martin Jr.
5203:Dwight D. Eisenhower
5181:Joseph W. Martin Jr.
5124:Joseph W. Martin Jr.
5055:Joseph W. Martin Jr.
4892:Joseph W. Martin Jr.
4776:Harry L. Englebright
4464:Frederick H. Gillett
4172:James Tilghman Lloyd
3283:Speaker of the House
3114:Partisan Opposition.
2832:Thomas Brackett Reed
2800:Thomas Brackett Reed
2784:Joseph Warren Keifer
2756:James Abram Garfield
2576:'s fiscal policies.
2558:congressional system
2370:in the United States
2110:Political ideologies
1734:Presidential primary
1172:improve this article
1032:improve this section
446:Speaker of the House
373:History of the House
328:, and Minority Whip
271:Speaker of the House
66:improve this article
15014:Stonewall Democrats
13669:2016 (Philadelphia)
13324:1948 (Philadelphia)
13264:1936 (Philadelphia)
12810:Fourth Party System
12800:Second Party System
12590:College Republicans
11011:2000 (Philadelphia)
10751:1948 (Philadelphia)
10711:1940 (Philadelphia)
10528:1900 (Philadelphia)
10437:1872 (Philadelphia)
10385:1856 (Philadelphia)
10337:Fourth Party System
10146:Building Commission
9627:Legislative Counsel
9548:Library of Congress
9509:Comptroller General
9499:Congressional staff
9184:Senatorial courtesy
8573:Hispanic Conference
7988:Members and leaders
7854:(Caucus Vice Chair)
7818:(Chief Deputy Whip)
7682:(Republican Leader)
7459:The Washington Post
7292:. pp. 144β168.
7044:The Washington Post
6870:. September 1, 2004
6564:on October 11, 2011
5760:William H. Gray III
4861:William B. Bankhead
4739:Arthur H. Greenwood
4507:William A. Oldfield
4418:Charles M. Hamilton
4299:William Howard Taft
4200:John Sharp Williams
4107:James D. Richardson
3372:Robert Smith Walker
3365:Robert Smith Walker
3354:Edward Rell Madigan
2999:standing committees
2512:Politics portal
2347:Department of State
2022:U.S. Virgin Islands
962:from 2003 to 2006.
646:Self-executing rule
352:United States House
14915:Blue Dog Coalition
13589:2000 (Los Angeles)
13444:1972 (Miami Beach)
13384:1960 (Los Angeles)
13164:1916 (Saint Louis)
13118:1904 (Saint Louis)
13105:1900 (Kansas City)
13066:1888 (Saint Louis)
13027:1876 (Saint Louis)
12820:Sixth Party System
12815:Fifth Party System
12805:Third Party System
12622:Republicans Abroad
12487:Legislative Digest
10951:1988 (New Orleans)
10891:1976 (Kansas City)
10871:1972 (Miami Beach)
10851:1968 (Miami Beach)
10651:1928 (Kansas City)
10515:1896 (Saint Louis)
10502:1892 (Minneapolis)
10347:Sixth Party System
10342:Fifth Party System
10332:Third Party System
10218:Old Senate Chamber
10084:VP Bust Collection
9908:United States Code
9840:Jefferson Building
9533:Cap. Guide Service
9400:Divided government
9317:Seal of the Senate
9281:Select and special
9246:Discharge petition
9199:Tie-breaking votes
9164:Recess appointment
9104:Advice and consent
8984:Discharge petition
8927:Appropriation bill
8836:Declaration of war
8028:Non-voting members
7848:(Assistant Leader)
7788:(Conference Chair)
7613:First Among Equals
7398:. October 17, 2023
7208:(December 3, 1883)
6603:The New York Times
6558:"Democratic Whips"
6469:Republican leader
6461:Democratic leader
5192:Charles A. Halleck
4600:Nicholas Longworth
4557:Nicholas Longworth
4183:Theodore Roosevelt
4122:David B. Henderson
4070:Republican leader
4062:Democratic leader
3922:Marilyn Strickland
3898:Sheila Jackson Lee
3863:Sheila Jackson Lee
3149:discharge petition
2976:Inspector General.
2672:Samuel S. Marshall
2574:Alexander Hamilton
2571:Treasury Secretary
2354:Secretary of State
1724:Off-year elections
1706:National Elections
1413:Non-voting members
1291:Federal government
1283:
1252:Origin of the post
937:nor Majority Whip
908:Charles A. Halleck
904:Nicholas Longworth
893:David B. Henderson
609:Origination Clause
367:
354:of Representatives
320:, Minority Leader
312:and Majority Whip
15099:
15098:
15039:
15038:
14925:Justice Democrats
14549:Wasserman Schultz
13040:1880 (Cincinnati)
12949:1856 (Cincinnati)
12748:
12747:
12703:
12702:
12632:Young Republicans
12500:Senate Conference
12458:
12457:
12138:
12137:
10450:1876 (Cincinnati)
10275:
10274:
10271:
10270:
10267:
10266:
10184:
10183:
9988:Statue of Freedom
9952:Statue of Freedom
9931:Brumidi Corridors
9903:Statutes at Large
9857:Publishing Office
9780:
9779:
9640:
9639:
9463:
9462:
9459:
9458:
9413:
9412:
9361:election disputes
9349:speaker elections
9312:Mace of the House
9159:Presiding Officer
9124:Executive session
9071:Unanimous consent
9031:Multiple referral
9016:Lame-duck session
8786:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8712:
8711:
8512:Ethnic and racial
8456:
8455:
8443:Democratic Caucus
8366:Democratic Caucus
8318:
8317:
7898:
7897:
7893:
7892:
7816:Guy Reschenthaler
7688:(Republican Whip)
7434:. pp. 98β99.
7071:. August 1, 2014.
6896:Los Angeles Times
6633:Mark J. Oleszek.
6481:
6480:
5748:George H. W. Bush
5368:Lyndon B. Johnson
5347:John W. McCormack
5231:John W. McCormack
5155:John W. McCormack
5098:John W. McCormack
5029:John W. McCormack
4908:John W. McCormack
4804:Patrick J. Boland
4696:John Nance Garner
4653:John Nance Garner
4529:Warren G. Harding
3855:G. K. Butterfield
3800:G. K. Butterfield
3757:G. K. Butterfield
3714:G. K. Butterfield
3675:G. K. Butterfield
3428:Guy Reschenthaler
3310:Guy Reschenthaler
3306:Chief Deputy Whip
2894:Frederick Gillett
2626:James A. Garfield
2549:
2548:
2388:Visa requirements
2340:Foreign relations
2239:Political culture
2179:Constitutionalism
2057:Political parties
2042:List of Elections
1729:Primary elections
1719:Midterm elections
1641:Courts of appeals
1269:
1207:Inspector General
1197:
1196:
1180:quality standards
1125:Β§ 2191(c)(1)
1112:
1111:
1104:
1086:
897:size of the House
822:Lyndon B. Johnson
798:Democratic Caucus
758:
757:
625:Unanimous consent
482:Democratic Caucus
460:list of elections
258:and the other as
142:
141:
134:
116:
16:(Redirected from
15139:
15004:Democrats Abroad
14893:Policy Committee
14878:
14877:
14861:Democrats Abroad
13649:2012 (Charlotte)
13144:1912 (Baltimore)
13014:1872 (Baltimore)
12936:1852 (Baltimore)
12923:1848 (Baltimore)
12910:1844 (Baltimore)
12897:1840 (Baltimore)
12884:1835 (Baltimore)
12871:1832 (Baltimore)
12784:
12783:Democratic Party
12775:
12768:
12761:
12752:
12751:
12505:Policy Committee
12481:House Conference
12471:
12470:
12154:
12153:
11711:
11710:
11131:2024 (Milwaukee)
11091:2016 (Cleveland)
10991:1996 (San Diego)
10691:1936 (Cleveland)
10631:1924 (Cleveland)
10411:1864 (Baltimore)
10311:
10310:Republican Party
10302:
10295:
10288:
10279:
10278:
10101:
10100:
9918:Capitol Building
9892:U.S. Gov. Manual
9845:Madison Building
9808:Copyright Office
9772:Sergeant at Arms
9730:Floor Operations
9649:
9648:
9571:
9570:
9487:
9486:
9469:
9468:
9332:
9331:
9149:Morning business
9036:House procedures
8999:Joint resolution
8803:
8802:
8792:
8791:
8672:Buddhist members
8491:
8490:
8327:
8326:
8149:Switched parties
8096:Switched parties
8033:Unseated members
8023:Youngest members
8003:
8002:
7996:
7995:
7983:
7982:
7925:
7918:
7911:
7902:
7901:
7751:
7750:
7716:
7709:
7702:
7693:
7692:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7640:
7634:
7631:
7625:
7622:
7616:
7609:
7603:
7600:
7594:
7591:
7585:
7582:
7576:
7569:
7563:
7560:
7554:
7553:
7538:
7532:
7531:
7519:
7513:
7512:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7474:National Journal
7468:
7462:
7455:
7449:
7442:
7436:
7435:
7423:
7417:
7414:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7388:
7382:
7381:
7355:
7349:
7348:
7346:
7344:
7335:
7326:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7300:
7294:
7293:
7284:
7278:
7275:
7269:
7268:
7260:
7251:
7250:, 1916), p. 131.
7248:Houghton Mifflin
7244:
7238:
7231:
7225:
7224:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7175:
7169:
7168:
7156:
7150:
7149:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7111:
7105:
7104:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7069:Associated Press
7055:
7049:
7048:
7034:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7018:on June 12, 2014
7014:. Archived from
7003:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6939:. June 11, 2014.
6927:
6921:
6920:
6919:. June 12, 2014.
6907:
6901:
6900:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6832:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6811:
6802:
6796:
6795:
6793:
6791:
6781:
6772:
6766:
6765:
6763:
6761:
6754:The Green Papers
6744:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6727:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6700:Voice of America
6691:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6672:on March 6, 2023
6668:. Archived from
6656:
6647:
6641:
6626:
6625:
6610:
6607:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6586:. p. CRSβ11
6573:
6571:
6569:
6550:
6544:
6541:
6514:
6509:
6508:
6500:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6472:Republican whip
6458:Democratic whip
6434:
6432:β GOP Majority β
6392:
6390:β GOP Majority β
6328:
6326:β Dem Majority β
6264:
6262:β GOP Majority β
6175:
6173:β GOP Majority β
6100:
6098:β Dem Majority β
5920:
5918:β GOP Majority β
5863:
5861:β GOP Majority β
5784:
5782:β Dem Majority β
5714:
5712:β Dem Majority β
5580:
5578:β Dem Majority β
5457:
5455:β Dem Majority β
5345:
5343:β Dem Majority β
5244:
5242:β Dem Majority β
5179:
5177:β GOP Majority β
5111:
5109:β Dem Majority β
5053:
5051:β GOP Majority β
4921:
4919:β Dem Majority β
4859:
4857:β Dem Majority β
4828:
4826:β Dem Majority β
4815:William Bankhead
4763:
4761:β Dem Majority β
4718:Carl G. Bachmann
4694:
4692:β Dem Majority β
4598:
4596:β GOP Majority β
4568:Albert H. Vestal
4546:Finis J. Garrett
4475:Frank W. Mondell
4462:
4460:β GOP Majority β
4374:Charles H. Burke
4329:
4327:β Dem Majority β
4213:
4211:β GOP Majority β
4155:William McKinley
4120:
4118:β GOP Majority β
4092:
4073:Republican whip
4059:Democratic whip
4046:
4045:
3982:Chris Van Hollen
3947:Chris Van Hollen
3932:The position of
3514:Barbara Kennelly
3499:Barbara Kennelly
3474:Dan Rostenkowski
3281:who assists the
3192:Reagan Democrats
3134:winning strategy
3067:Richard Gephardt
2994:Oversight Plans.
2936:Richard Gephardt
2906:Robert H. Michel
2860:Joseph W. Bailey
2844:Charles F. Crisp
2704:George W. Morgan
2604:J. Warren Keifer
2600:John G. Carlisle
2541:
2534:
2527:
2510:
2509:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2317:District Council
2300:Local government
2184:Environmentalism
1548:Executive Office
1543:Federal agencies
1353:
1348:
1268:Politics of the
1267:
1256:
1255:
1200:Responsibilities
1192:
1189:
1183:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1127:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1044:
1012:
1004:
994:primary election
826:William Knowland
750:
743:
736:
722:
721:
720:
651:Rules suspension
455:list of speakers
339:
338:
236:, also known as
210:
193:
174:
157:
137:
130:
126:
123:
117:
115:
74:
46:
38:
21:
15147:
15146:
15142:
15141:
15140:
15138:
15137:
15136:
15127:Political whips
15102:
15101:
15100:
15095:
15035:
14987:
14941:
14872:
14865:
14572:
14570:
14563:
14286:
14280:
14173:C. A. Culberson
14119:J. W. Stevenson
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14095:
13982:D. B. Culberson
13867:
13864:
13862:
13857:
13853:
13846:
13738:administrations
13736:
13728:
13549:1992 (New York)
13489:1980 (New York)
13469:1976 (New York)
13204:1924 (New York)
13001:1868 (New York)
12849:
12846:
12844:
12840:
12837:
12833:
12826:
12786:
12782:
12779:
12749:
12744:
12699:
12652:
12646:
12582:
12576:
12544:
12538:
12465:
12454:
12413:
12149:
12147:
12134:
12083:Chair elections
12078:
11700:
11599:D. B. Henderson
11587:T. J. Henderson
11512:
11509:
11507:
11502:
11498:
11491:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11294:
11167:administrations
11165:
11157:
11051:2008 (St. Paul)
11031:2004 (New York)
10376:
10373:
10371:
10367:
10364:
10360:
10353:
10313:
10309:
10306:
10276:
10263:
10242:
10190:
10180:
10134:
10095:
10088:
9965:Hall of Columns
9912:
9856:
9849:
9787:
9776:
9757:Parliamentarian
9698:
9689:Parliamentarian
9636:
9595:
9562:
9491:
9481:
9474:Capitol Complex
9455:
9409:
9405:Party divisions
9321:
9295:
9213:
9097:Senate-specific
9092:
8947:Closed sessions
8915:Act of Congress
8903:
8877:
8873:Taxing/spending
8797:
8778:
8769:Party switchers
8738:Died in office
8708:
8660:
8644:
8613:Equality Caucus
8596:
8568:Hispanic Caucus
8507:
8482:
8452:
8409:
8314:
8158:
8100:
8037:
7990:
7977:
7934:
7929:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7834:Katherine Clark
7828:Hakeem Jeffries
7821:
7744:
7729:
7720:
7676:
7671:
7661:
7659:
7657:
7641:
7637:
7632:
7628:
7623:
7619:
7610:
7606:
7601:
7597:
7592:
7588:
7583:
7579:
7573:Chicago Tribune
7570:
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7516:
7505:
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7496:. p. 2037.
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7265:Capitol Studies
7261:
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7195:
7191:
7176:
7172:
7167:. pp. 28n.
7157:
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7146:Capitol Studies
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6512:Politics portal
6510:
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6407:
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6379:Hakeem Jeffries
6370:
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5288:Charles Halleck
5259:
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5066:Charles Halleck
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4949:Robert Ramspeck
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4765:Henry T. Rainey
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4579:Calvin Coolidge
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4236:James E. Watson
4217:
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4098:
4096:Oscar Underwood
4090:
4051:
4041:
4014:Katherine Clark
3930:
3839:Cedric Richmond
3537:Bill Richardson
3522:Bill Richardson
3414:Patrick McHenry
3361:Steve Gunderson
3258:
3253:
3217:Charles Halleck
3213:Everett Dirksen
3039:
3037:Party functions
3027:Rules Committee
2972:in the House."
2952:
2877:
2688:Michael C. Kerr
2639:
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1628:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1534:
1530:Merrick Garland
1482:
1472:
1471:
1466:Mitch McConnell
1463:Minority Leader
1452:Majority Leader
1417:
1393:Hakeem Jeffries
1390:Minority Leader
1379:Majority Leader
1355:
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1144:Minority leader
1138:trade agreement
1119:
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1097:
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846:
806:majority leader
804:, and had been
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540:Plural district
528:
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421:Hill committees
411:
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388:Current members
353:
330:Katherine Clark
322:Hakeem Jeffries
294:
260:minority leader
256:majority leader
228:
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216:Katherine Clark
214:
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13709:2024 (Chicago)
13706:
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13569:1996 (Chicago)
13566:
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13529:1988 (Atlanta)
13526:
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13506:
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13424:1968 (Chicago)
13421:
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13419:
13401:
13400:
13399:
13381:
13380:
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13364:1956 (Chicago)
13361:
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13304:1944 (Chicago)
13301:
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13299:
13284:1940 (Chicago)
13281:
13280:
13279:
13261:
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13244:1932 (Chicago)
13241:
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13239:
13224:1928 (Houston)
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13089:
13079:1892 (Chicago)
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10971:1992 (Houston)
10968:
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10911:1980 (Detroit)
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10771:1952 (Chicago)
10768:
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10728:
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10668:
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10608:
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10591:1916 (Chicago)
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10554:1908 (Chicago)
10551:
10541:1904 (Chicago)
10538:
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10489:1888 (Chicago)
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10476:1884 (Chicago)
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10463:1880 (Chicago)
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10447:
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10398:1860 (Chicago)
10395:
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10194:
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9835:Adams Building
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9816:
9815:
9805:
9804:
9803:
9792:
9790:
9782:
9781:
9778:
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9775:
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9769:
9764:
9759:
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9742:
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9439:
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9408:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9369:
9368:
9363:
9356:Senate history
9353:
9352:
9351:
9346:
9335:
9329:
9323:
9322:
9320:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9303:
9301:
9297:
9296:
9294:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9231:ranking member
9223:
9221:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9194:Standing Rules
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9169:Reconciliation
9166:
9161:
9156:
9154:Nuclear option
9151:
9146:
9143:Senate Journal
9139:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9093:
9091:
9090:
9089:
9088:
9083:
9081:Line-item veto
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9046:Reconciliation
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8960:
8959:
8954:
8944:
8939:
8937:Budget process
8934:
8929:
8924:
8923:
8922:
8911:
8909:
8905:
8904:
8902:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8885:
8883:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8858:Naturalization
8855:
8854:
8853:
8848:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8820:
8815:
8809:
8807:
8799:
8798:
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8759:
8754:
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8731:
8726:
8720:
8718:
8714:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8699:
8697:Quaker members
8694:
8692:Muslim members
8689:
8684:
8682:Jewish members
8679:
8674:
8668:
8666:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8658:
8652:
8650:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8617:
8616:
8615:
8604:
8602:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8594:
8589:
8588:
8587:
8580:Jewish members
8577:
8576:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8555:
8554:
8553:
8543:
8538:
8537:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8515:
8513:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8505:
8499:
8497:
8488:
8484:
8483:
8481:
8480:
8478:Gerrymandering
8475:
8470:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8429:
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8417:
8415:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8407:
8406:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8385:
8384:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8363:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8346:
8345:
8344:
8333:
8331:
8324:
8320:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8313:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
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8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
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8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8166:
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8160:
8159:
8157:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8108:
8106:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8057:
8056:
8045:
8043:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8009:
8007:
8000:
7992:
7991:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7928:
7927:
7920:
7913:
7905:
7896:
7895:
7891:
7890:
7888:
7887:
7884:Jan Schakowsky
7881:
7867:
7864:Debbie Dingell
7861:
7855:
7849:
7843:
7842:(Caucus Chair)
7837:
7831:
7824:
7822:
7820:
7819:
7813:
7807:
7801:
7795:
7792:Richard Hudson
7789:
7786:Elise Stefanik
7783:
7777:
7770:
7767:
7766:
7759:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7734:
7731:
7730:
7719:
7718:
7711:
7704:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7683:
7675:
7674:External links
7672:
7670:
7669:
7655:
7635:
7626:
7617:
7604:
7595:
7586:
7577:
7564:
7555:
7533:
7530:. p. 379.
7514:
7499:
7480:
7477:. p. 640.
7463:
7450:
7437:
7418:
7409:
7383:
7376:
7350:
7321:
7295:
7279:
7270:
7252:
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7226:
7211:
7189:
7170:
7151:
7136:
7121:
7106:
7090:
7074:
7050:
7029:
7012:Smart Politics
6998:
6970:
6942:
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6881:
6853:
6827:
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6767:
6739:
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6501:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6476:U.S. President
6473:
6470:
6467:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6445:
6444:
6429:
6425:
6424:
6413:
6402:
6394:Kevin McCarthy
6387:
6376:
6365:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6348:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6323:
6312:
6309:South Carolina
6301:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6284:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6259:
6255:
6254:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6233:
6225:Kevin McCarthy
6222:
6218:
6217:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6199:Kevin McCarthy
6196:
6185:
6170:
6159:
6148:
6145:
6139:
6138:
6131:
6120:
6117:
6111:
6110:
6095:
6084:
6081:South Carolina
6073:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6052:
6048:
6047:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6006:
5995:
5984:
5973:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5943:George W. Bush
5940:
5937:
5931:
5930:
5922:Dennis Hastert
5915:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5896:
5895:
5884:
5873:
5858:
5855:
5849:
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5805:
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5779:
5768:
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5709:
5698:
5687:
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5678:
5677:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5650:
5639:
5628:
5617:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5590:
5575:
5564:
5553:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5536:
5525:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5488:
5480:John J. McFall
5477:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5452:
5441:
5430:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5413:
5410:
5404:
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5394:
5393:
5382:
5379:
5373:
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5356:
5355:
5340:
5329:
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5306:
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5285:
5282:
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5275:
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5266:
5265:
5254:
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5228:
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5208:
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5200:
5189:
5174:
5163:
5152:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5121:
5106:
5095:
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5081:
5075:
5074:
5063:
5048:
5037:
5026:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4916:
4905:
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4889:
4886:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4854:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4823:
4812:
4801:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4784:
4773:
4758:
4747:
4736:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4715:
4707:Bertrand Snell
4704:
4689:
4678:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4664:Herbert Hoover
4661:
4650:
4639:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4611:John Q. Tilson
4608:
4593:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4565:
4554:
4543:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4526:
4523:North Carolina
4518:Claude Kitchin
4515:
4504:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4486:Harold Knutson
4483:
4472:
4457:
4446:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4415:
4412:North Carolina
4407:Claude Kitchin
4404:
4399:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4385:Woodrow Wilson
4382:
4371:
4363:Thomas M. Bell
4360:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4339:
4324:
4313:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4296:
4288:John W. Dwight
4285:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4233:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4208:
4197:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4180:
4169:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4152:
4141:
4130:
4115:
4104:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:U.S. President
4076:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4031:2024-present:
4029:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4010:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3978:
3976:Xavier Becerra
3972:
3966:
3959:
3958:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3910:Sharice Davids
3886:Jan Schakowsky
3884:2023βpresent:
3882:
3847:Jan Schakowsky
3835:
3828:Kyrsten Sinema
3816:Jan Schakowsky
3804:Joaquin Castro
3792:
3777:Jan Schakowsky
3749:
3734:Jan Schakowsky
3706:
3691:Jan Schakowsky
3667:
3656:Jan Schakowsky
3632:
3625:Jan Schakowsky
3597:
3578:
3559:
3540:
3525:
3510:Butler Derrick
3506:
3495:Butler Derrick
3491:
3484:
3481:Bill Alexander
3477:
3470:
3463:
3460:John J. McFall
3452:
3445:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3426:2023βpresent:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3400:Kevin McCarthy
3396:
3389:
3382:
3379:Dennis Hastert
3375:
3368:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3340:David F. Emery
3335:
3334:
3322:Jan Schakowsky
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3236:ranking Member
3158:press releases
3126:Participation.
3044:106th Congress
3038:
3035:
2951:
2948:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2852:
2836:
2820:
2804:
2788:
2776:
2760:
2744:
2724:
2712:
2696:
2680:
2664:
2638:
2635:
2591:
2590:
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2546:
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2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:European Union
2466:
2464:United Kingdom
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2360:
2358:Antony Blinken
2350:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:Superior Court
2324:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2194:Libertarianism
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2147:Traditionalist
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:American Samoa
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1947:South Carolina
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:North Carolina
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
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1746:
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1726:
1721:
1716:
1709:
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1611:
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1573:
1572:
1564:
1559:
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1525:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1508:
1500:
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1491:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
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1459:
1458:
1448:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1253:
1250:
1242:Bertrand Snell
1237:
1236:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1110:
1109:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1001:
998:
960:Dennis Hastert
943:Dennis Hastert
927:Kevin McCarthy
845:
842:
790:107th Congress
782:108th Congress
762:
759:
756:
755:
753:
752:
745:
738:
730:
727:
726:
713:
712:
711:
710:
707:
706:
700:
695:
690:
685:
678:
674:
672:
664:
663:
659:
658:
657:
656:
654:
653:
648:
642:
640:
635:
633:
632:
627:
621:
619:
617:
616:
611:
605:
603:
601:
600:
595:
584:
582:
580:
579:
574:
567:Closed session
563:
561:
553:
552:
548:
547:
546:
545:
543:
542:
537:
535:General ticket
531:
529:
527:
526:
524:Gerrymandering
521:
515:
513:
500:
499:
493:
492:
490:
489:
484:
478:
477:
476:
469:
468:
467:
466:
464:
463:
457:
450:
441:
440:
437:
436:
430:
423:
419:
417:
415:Former members
412:
409:
408:
402:
397:
390:
386:
381:
380:
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64:. Please help
50:
48:
41:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15144:
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15066:Superdelegate
15064:
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14888:Senate Caucus
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13817:L. B. Johnson
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13131:1908 (Denver)
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12706:
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12695:The Wish List
12693:
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12690:Ripon Society
12688:
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12466:organizations
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12399:West Virginia
12397:
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12345:
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12304:New Hampshire
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12264:Massachusetts
12262:
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11998:
11996:
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11991:
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11340:
11337:
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11331:
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11325:
11322:
11319:
11316:
11315:
11313:
11311:
11303:
11297:
11290:
11287:
11284:
11281:
11278:
11277:G. H. W. Bush
11275:
11272:
11269:
11266:
11263:
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11257:
11254:
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11012:
11009:
11005:
11002:
11001:
11000:
10996:
10992:
10989:
10985:
10982:
10981:
10980:
10976:
10975:G. H. W. Bush
10972:
10969:
10965:
10962:
10961:
10960:
10956:
10955:G. H. W. Bush
10952:
10949:
10945:
10942:
10941:
10940:
10939:G. H. W. Bush
10936:
10932:
10931:1984 (Dallas)
10929:
10925:
10922:
10921:
10920:
10919:G. H. W. Bush
10916:
10912:
10909:
10905:
10902:
10901:
10900:
10896:
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10682:
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10680:
10676:
10672:
10669:
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10662:
10661:
10660:
10656:
10652:
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10625:
10622:
10621:
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10609:
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10589:
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10576:
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10568:
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10550:
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10507:
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10477:
10474:
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10468:
10464:
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10438:
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10412:
10409:
10407:
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10399:
10396:
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10390:
10386:
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10380:
10378:
10369:
10362:
10356:
10348:
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10340:
10338:
10335:
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10330:
10328:
10325:
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10320:
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10303:
10298:
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10291:
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10283:
10280:
10260:
10257:
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10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
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10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
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10201:
10199:
10196:
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10124:
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10099:
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10035:
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10028:
10026:
10025:
10021:
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10014:
10012:
10011:
10007:
10005:
10004:
10000:
9998:
9996:
9992:
9990:
9989:
9985:
9983:
9982:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9970:Statuary Hall
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9954:
9953:
9949:
9948:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
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9929:
9927:
9924:
9923:
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9909:
9906:
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9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9893:
9889:
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9880:
9879:
9875:
9873:
9872:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9862:
9860:
9858:
9852:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9825:Poet Laureate
9823:
9821:
9818:
9814:
9811:
9810:
9809:
9806:
9802:
9799:
9798:
9797:
9794:
9793:
9791:
9789:
9783:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9767:Reading Clerk
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9751:
9748:
9747:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
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9711:
9708:
9707:
9705:
9701:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9656:
9654:
9650:
9647:
9643:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9607:Congr. Ethics
9605:
9604:
9602:
9598:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9578:
9576:
9572:
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9510:
9507:
9506:
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9500:
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9488:
9484:
9479:
9475:
9470:
9466:
9452:
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9440:
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9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
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9416:
9406:
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9401:
9398:
9396:
9395:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9358:
9357:
9354:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9339:House history
9337:
9336:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9324:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9304:
9302:
9298:
9292:
9291:Subcommittees
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9276:List (Senate)
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9228:
9225:
9224:
9222:
9220:
9216:
9210:
9209:Treaty Clause
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9144:
9140:
9138:
9137:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9095:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9005:
9004:Joint session
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8989:Enrolled bill
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8949:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8921:
8918:
8917:
8916:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8906:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8843:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8810:
8808:
8804:
8800:
8793:
8789:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8721:
8719:
8715:
8705:
8704:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8677:Hindu members
8675:
8673:
8670:
8669:
8667:
8663:
8657:
8654:
8653:
8651:
8647:
8639:
8638:current House
8636:
8634:
8633:Issues Caucus
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8614:
8611:
8610:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8593:
8590:
8586:
8583:
8582:
8581:
8578:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8560:
8559:
8556:
8552:
8549:
8548:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8510:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8498:
8496:
8492:
8489:
8485:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8473:Apportionment
8471:
8469:
8466:
8465:
8463:
8459:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8427:
8424:
8423:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8416:
8412:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8389:
8386:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8350:
8347:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8338:
8335:
8334:
8332:
8328:
8325:
8321:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8161:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8118:
8115:
8114:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8103:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8040:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8004:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7984:
7980:
7974:
7971:
7968:
7965: β
7964:
7961: β
7960:
7956:
7954:
7953:Joint session
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7933:
7926:
7921:
7919:
7914:
7912:
7907:
7906:
7903:
7885:
7882:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7868:
7865:
7862:
7859:
7858:Suzan DelBene
7856:
7853:
7850:
7847:
7844:
7841:
7838:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7774:Steve Scalise
7772:
7771:
7769:
7768:
7764:
7760:
7757:
7753:
7752:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7738:
7732:
7728:
7724:
7717:
7712:
7710:
7705:
7703:
7698:
7697:
7694:
7687:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7658:
7656:9780801857126
7652:
7649:. JHU Press.
7648:
7647:
7639:
7630:
7621:
7614:
7608:
7599:
7590:
7581:
7574:
7568:
7559:
7551:
7547:
7545:
7537:
7529:
7525:
7518:
7510:
7503:
7495:
7491:
7484:
7476:
7475:
7467:
7460:
7454:
7447:
7441:
7433:
7429:
7422:
7413:
7397:
7396:Our Campaigns
7393:
7387:
7379:
7377:9780691118123
7373:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7354:
7339:
7332:
7325:
7309:
7305:
7299:
7291:
7283:
7274:
7266:
7259:
7257:
7249:
7243:
7236:
7230:
7222:
7215:
7207:
7203:
7201:
7193:
7186:. p. 28.
7185:
7181:
7174:
7166:
7162:
7155:
7147:
7140:
7132:
7125:
7117:
7110:
7102:
7094:
7086:
7078:
7070:
7066:
7065:
7060:
7054:
7046:
7045:
7040:
7033:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7002:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6974:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6946:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6926:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6906:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6885:
6869:
6868:
6867:Washingtonian
6863:
6857:
6841:
6837:
6831:
6815:
6808:
6801:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6756:
6755:
6750:
6743:
6724:
6717:
6702:
6701:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6671:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6655:
6651:
6645:
6638:
6637:
6630:
6621:
6620:
6605:
6604:
6597:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6563:
6559:
6554:
6553:
6549:
6540:
6536:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6502:
6499:
6488:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6460:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6437:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6417:
6411:
6406:
6405:Steve Scalise
6400:
6395:
6388:
6385:
6380:
6374:
6373:Massachusetts
6369:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6354:(Democratic)
6352:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6336:
6331:
6321:
6316:
6310:
6305:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6290:(Republican)
6288:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6267:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6237:
6236:Steve Scalise
6231:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6205:
6200:
6194:
6189:
6183:
6178:
6168:
6163:
6157:
6152:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6137:(Democratic)
6135:
6129:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6103:
6093:
6088:
6082:
6077:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6010:
6004:
5999:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5977:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5946:(Republican)
5944:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5923:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5888:
5882:
5877:
5871:
5866:
5865:Newt Gingrich
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5847:(Democratic)
5845:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5798:
5797:Newt Gingrich
5792:
5787:
5777:
5772:
5771:Dick Gephardt
5766:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5751:(Republican)
5749:
5743:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5717:
5707:
5702:
5696:
5691:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5656:(Republican)
5654:
5653:Ronald Reagan
5648:
5643:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5596:(Democratic)
5594:
5588:
5587:Massachusetts
5583:
5573:
5568:
5562:
5557:
5556:John Brademas
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5542:(Republican)
5540:
5537:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5496:Massachusetts
5492:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5460:
5450:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5438:Massachusetts
5434:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5419:(Republican)
5417:
5416:Richard Nixon
5411:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5371:(Democratic)
5369:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5352:Massachusetts
5348:
5338:
5333:
5327:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5312:(Democratic)
5310:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5262:Massachusetts
5258:
5252:
5247:
5237:
5236:Massachusetts
5232:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5206:(Republican)
5204:
5198:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5186:Massachusetts
5182:
5175:
5172:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5160:Massachusetts
5156:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5129:Massachusetts
5125:
5119:
5114:
5104:
5103:Massachusetts
5099:
5093:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5060:Massachusetts
5056:
5049:
5046:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5034:Massachusetts
5030:
5027:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5009:
5008:John Sparkman
5006:
5003:
5002:
4999:(Democratic)
4997:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4975:Leslie Arends
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4914:
4913:Massachusetts
4909:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4897:Massachusetts
4893:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4836:
4831:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4790:(Democratic)
4788:
4782:
4777:
4771:
4766:
4759:
4756:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4723:West Virginia
4719:
4716:
4713:
4708:
4702:
4697:
4690:
4687:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4667:(Republican)
4665:
4659:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4642:John McDuffie
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4601:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4582:(Republican)
4580:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4532:(Republican)
4530:
4527:
4524:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4469:Massachusetts
4465:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4388:(Democratic)
4386:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4332:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4302:(Republican)
4300:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4186:(Republican)
4184:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4158:(Republican)
4156:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4134:
4128:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4008:Ben Ray LujΓ‘n
4005:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3923:
3919:
3918:Linda SΓ‘nchez
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3902:Jimmy Panetta
3899:
3895:
3894:Henry Cuellar
3891:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3859:Henry Cuellar
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3812:Keith Ellison
3809:
3808:Diana DeGette
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3769:Ben Ray Lujan
3766:
3765:Keith Ellison
3762:
3761:Diana DeGette
3758:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3742:Maxine Waters
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3722:Diana DeGette
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3703:Maxine Waters
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3683:Diana DeGette
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3664:Maxine Waters
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3644:Diana DeGette
3641:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:Maxine Waters
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3594:Maxine Waters
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3576:
3575:Maxine Waters
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3467:John Brademas
3464:
3461:
3457:
3456:John Brademas
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3421:Drew Ferguson
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3294:Minority Whip
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3275:Majority Whip
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3248:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:rank-and-file
3224:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:Robert Michel
3184:
3180:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2966:Drug Testing.
2963:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:Joseph Cannon
2899:
2898:private bills
2895:
2891:
2890:James R. Mann
2885:
2883:
2872:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:Fernando Wood
2716:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2567:James Madison
2563:
2559:
2555:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Latin America
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
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2379:
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2375:
2371:
2367:
2364:
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2359:
2355:
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2336:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Republicanism
2212:
2210:
2209:Protectionism
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2164:Progressivism
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:Third parties
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:West Virginia
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
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1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:New Hampshire
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:Massachusetts
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
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1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
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1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
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1755:
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1745:
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1741:
1735:
1732:
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1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
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1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
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1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
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1642:
1639:
1638:
1635:
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1630:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:Chief Justice
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1513:Kamala Harris
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1455:Chuck Schumer
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:Kamala Harris
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:Steve Scalise
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:United States
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1191:
1188:November 2010
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:reads like a
1161:This article
1159:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1106:
1103:
1095:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053: β
1052:
1048:
1047:Find sources:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1017:This section
1015:
1011:
1006:
1005:
997:
995:
991:
986:
983:
977:
975:
974:
967:
963:
961:
957:
952:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:Newt Gingrich
928:
924:
919:
917:
916:Dick Gephardt
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
816:By contrast,
814:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:Dick Gephardt
791:
787:
786:minority whip
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
731:
729:
728:
725:
715:
714:
704:
701:
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691:
689:
686:
684:
680:
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677:
673:
671:
668:
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636:
631:
628:
626:
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610:
607:
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575:
572:
568:
565:
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562:
560:
557:
556:
555:
554:
550:
549:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
530:
525:
522:
520:
519:Redistricting
517:
516:
514:
511:
507:
506:Apportionment
504:
503:
502:
501:
498:
495:
494:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
475:
474:Party leaders
472:
471:
461:
458:
456:
452:
451:
449:
448:
447:
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443:
434:
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429:
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371:
370:
363:
359:
358:
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349:
345:
341:
340:
337:
335:
334:Massachusetts
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:Steve Scalise
303:
299:
289:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:
239:floor leaders
235:
234:
217:
213:Minority Whip
209:
200:
192:
181:
177:Majority Whip
173:
164:
163:Steve Scalise
156:
136:
133:
125:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83: β
82:
78:
77:Find sources:
71:
67:
63:
57:
56:
51:This article
49:
45:
40:
39:
36:
32:
27:
19:
14905:House Caucus
14781:South Dakota
14771:Rhode Island
14766:Pennsylvania
14746:North Dakota
13876:A. Stevenson
13851:
13734:Presidential
13368:Stevenson II
13348:Stevenson II
12974:Breckinridge
12957:Breckinridge
12904:
12848:presidential
12839:presidential
12725:Bibliography
12485:
12364:South Dakota
12354:Rhode Island
12349:Pennsylvania
12329:North Dakota
11496:
11163:Presidential
11150:
11071:2012 (Tampa)
10375:presidential
10359:Presidential
10254:Capitol Hill
10120:
10071:
10064:
10057:
10050:
10043:
10036:
10029:
10022:
10015:
10008:
10001:
9994:
9986:
9979:
9950:
9890:
9883:
9876:
9869:
9478:Capitol Hill
9448:
9441:
9434:
9393:
9271:List (House)
9266:List (Joint)
9236:Of the Whole
9142:
9135:
9134:Jefferson's
9021:Magic minute
8774:Slave owners
8757:2000βpresent
8703:Sikh members
8701:
8608:LGBT members
8534:Black Caucus
8432:
8310:118th (2023)
8305:117th (2021)
8300:116th (2019)
8295:115th (2017)
8290:114th (2015)
8285:113th (2013)
8280:112th (2011)
8275:111th (2009)
8270:110th (2007)
8265:109th (2005)
8260:108th (2003)
8255:107th (2001)
8250:106th (1999)
8245:105th (1997)
8240:104th (1995)
8235:103rd (1993)
8230:102nd (1991)
8225:101st (1989)
8220:100th (1987)
7840:Pete Aguilar
7810:Lisa McClain
7742:Mike Johnson
7735:
7722:
7660:. Retrieved
7645:
7638:
7629:
7620:
7612:
7607:
7598:
7589:
7580:
7567:
7558:
7542:
7536:
7523:
7517:
7511:. p. 1.
7502:
7489:
7483:
7472:
7466:
7458:
7453:
7440:
7427:
7421:
7412:
7400:. Retrieved
7395:
7386:
7359:
7353:
7341:. Retrieved
7324:
7312:. Retrieved
7307:
7298:
7282:
7273:
7264:
7242:
7229:
7220:
7214:
7198:
7192:
7179:
7173:
7160:
7154:
7145:
7139:
7130:
7124:
7115:
7109:
7100:
7093:
7084:
7077:
7062:
7053:
7042:
7032:
7020:. Retrieved
7016:the original
7011:
7001:
6989:. Retrieved
6985:The Atlantic
6983:
6973:
6961:. Retrieved
6955:
6945:
6934:
6925:
6914:
6905:
6894:
6884:
6872:. Retrieved
6865:
6856:
6844:. Retrieved
6839:
6830:
6818:. Retrieved
6800:
6788:. Retrieved
6770:
6758:. Retrieved
6752:
6742:
6730:. Retrieved
6716:
6704:. Retrieved
6698:
6674:. Retrieved
6670:the original
6663:
6654:
6635:
6601:
6588:. Retrieved
6566:. Retrieved
6562:the original
6548:
6539:
6436:Mike Johnson
6330:Nancy Pelosi
6287:Donald Trump
6177:John Boehner
6162:Nancy Pelosi
6134:Barack Obama
6102:Nancy Pelosi
6055:John Boehner
6043:
5987:Nancy Pelosi
5955:Nancy Pelosi
5844:Bill Clinton
5823:David Bonior
5765:Pennsylvania
5593:Jimmy Carter
5087:Percy Priest
4809:Pennsylvania
4401:
4379:South Dakota
4271:
4042:
3964:Rosa DeLauro
3942:
3933:
3931:
3914:Deborah Ross
3906:Colin Allred
3890:Terri Sewell
3875:Terri Sewell
3851:Pete Aguilar
3824:Terri Sewell
3785:Terri Sewell
3773:Jim Matheson
3726:Jim Matheson
3563:Chet Edwards
3556:Bob Menendez
3548:Chet Edwards
3544:Rosa DeLauro
3529:Rosa DeLauro
3488:David Bonior
3407:Peter Roskam
3347:Tom Loeffler
3326:
3313:
3305:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3245:
3222:
3221:
3207:
3204:
3196:
3182:
3181:
3172:united front
3168:
3154:
3145:swing voters
3139:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3090:Cooperation.
3089:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2970:drug testing
2965:
2964:
2961:
2953:
2944:John Boehner
2940:Nancy Pelosi
2925:
2922:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2858:
2842:
2830:
2810:
2798:
2782:
2766:
2754:
2730:
2718:
2702:
2686:
2670:
2652:James Brooks
2650:
2640:
2631:
2622:James Blaine
2618:
2596:
2592:
2582:Capitol Hill
2578:
2562:Capitol Hill
2554:floor leader
2550:
2307:
2283:Legislatures
2263:
2174:Abolitionism
2117:Conservatism
2039:
2029:
1952:South Dakota
1942:Rhode Island
1937:Pennsylvania
1917:North Dakota
1743:
1705:
1683:
1631:
1580:John Roberts
1567:
1520:
1503:
1486:
1444:Patty Murray
1420:
1389:
1378:
1371:Mike Johnson
1358:
1343:
1336:
1297:
1259:
1246:
1238:
1212:
1203:
1185:
1162:
1117:
1113:
1098:
1092:October 2021
1089:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1046:
1030:Please help
1018:
987:
982:Nancy Pelosi
978:
971:
968:
964:
947:
923:John Boehner
920:
901:
889:Sereno Payne
886:
847:
815:
778:Nancy Pelosi
775:
764:
473:
395:by seniority
295:
281:
277:
275:
264:
237:
230:
229:
128:
122:October 2021
119:
109:
102:
95:
88:
76:
55:verification
52:
35:
26:
14946:Fundraising
14851:Puerto Rico
14696:Mississippi
14611:Connecticut
14571:territorial
14271:(2005β2017)
14265:(1995β2005)
14259:(1989β1995)
14253:(1977β1989)
14247:(1961β1977)
14241:(1953β1961)
14235:(1951β1953)
14229:(1949β1951)
14223:(1937β1949)
14217:(1923β1937)
14211:(1920β1923)
14205:(1919β1920)
14199:(1917β1919)
14193:(1913β1917)
14187:(1911β1913)
14181:(1909β1911)
14175:(1907β1909)
14169:(1906β1907)
14163:(1903β1906)
14157:(1899β1903)
14155:J. K. Jones
14151:(1898β1899)
14145:(1890β1898)
14139:(1885β1890)
14133:(1881β1885)
14127:(1877β1881)
14121:(1873β1877)
14101:U.S. Senate
14086:(2003β2023)
14080:(1995β2003)
14074:(1989β1995)
14068:(1987β1989)
14062:(1977β1987)
14056:(1971β1977)
14050:(1962β1971)
14044:(1940β1961)
14038:(1936β1940)
14032:(1935β1936)
14026:(1933β1934)
14020:(1929β1933)
14014:(1923β1929)
14008:(1921β1923)
14002:(1909β1921)
13996:(1903β1909)
13990:(1897β1903)
13984:(1895β1897)
13978:(1891β1895)
13972:(1889β1891)
13966:(1883β1889)
13960:(1876β1881)
13954:(1875β1876)
13948:(1873β1875)
13942:(1869β1871)
13932:(1859β1861)
13926:(1857β1859)
13920:(1855β1857)
13918:G. W. Jones
13914:(1851β1855)
13908:(1849β1851)
13902:(1845β1847)
13896:(1843β1845)
13894:J. W. Jones
13890:(1835β1839)
13884:(1834β1835)
13878:(1827β1834)
13837:(2009β2017)
13831:(1993β2001)
13825:(1977β1981)
13819:(1963β1969)
13813:(1961β1963)
13807:(1945β1953)
13793:Roosevelt (
13790:(1913β1921)
13778:(1868β1869)
13772:(1857β1861)
13766:(1853β1857)
13760:(1845β1849)
13754:(1837β1841)
13748:(1829β1837)
13113:Stevenson I
13087:Stevenson I
12858:1828 (None)
12834:conventions
12543:Fundraising
12464:Affiliated
12445:Puerto Rico
12279:Mississippi
12194:Connecticut
11916:Summerfield
11691:(2019β2023)
11685:(2015β2019)
11679:(2007β2015)
11673:(1999β2007)
11667:(1995β1999)
11661:(1981β1995)
11655:(1973β1981)
11649:(1965β1973)
11643:(1959β1965)
11637:(1939β1959)
11631:(1931β1939)
11625:(1925β1931)
11619:(1919β1925)
11613:(1911β1919)
11607:(1903β1911)
11601:(1899β1903)
11595:(1895β1899)
11589:(1891β1895)
11583:(1889β1891)
11577:(1883β1889)
11571:(1881β1883)
11565:(1879β1881)
11559:(1877β1879)
11553:(1875β1877)
11547:(1869β1875)
11535:(1863β1869)
11529:(1861β1863)
11523:(1860β1861)
11482:(2003β2007)
11476:(1996β2003)
11470:(1985β1996)
11464:(1980β1985)
11458:(1979β1980)
11452:(1977β1979)
11446:(1969β1977)
11440:(1959β1969)
11434:(1953β1959)
11422:(1952β1953)
11416:(1949β1952)
11410:(1944β1949)
11404:(1941β1944)
11398:(1940β1941)
11392:(1933β1940)
11386:(1929β1933)
11380:(1924β1929)
11374:(1918β1924)
11368:(1913β1918)
11362:(1911β1913)
11356:(1908β1911)
11350:(1897β1908)
11344:(1891β1897)
11338:(1885β1891)
11332:(1884β1885)
11326:(1862β1884)
11320:(1859β1862)
11300:U.S. Senate
11291:(2017β2021)
11285:(2001β2009)
11279:(1989β1993)
11273:(1981β1989)
11267:(1974β1977)
11261:(1969β1974)
11255:(1953β1961)
11249:(1929β1933)
11243:(1923β1929)
11237:(1921β1923)
11231:(1909β1913)
11225:(1901β1909)
11219:(1897β1901)
11213:(1889β1893)
11207:(1881β1885)
11195:(1877β1881)
11189:(1869β1877)
11183:(1865β1868)
11177:(1861β1865)
10368:conventions
10228:Power Plant
9820:Law Library
9521:Cap. Police
9490:Legislative
9179:Senate hold
9086:Pocket veto
9061:Sponsorship
9041:Quorum call
8841:Impeachment
8215:99th (1985)
8210:98th (1983)
8205:97th (1981)
8200:96th (1979)
8195:95th (1977)
8190:94th (1975)
8185:93rd (1973)
8180:92nd (1971)
8175:91st (1969)
8170:90th (1967)
8163:New members
7874:Barbara Lee
7804:Blake Moore
7798:Gary Palmer
7402:October 24,
6816:. p. i
6786:. p. 2
6315:Steny Hoyer
6304:Jim Clyburn
6188:Eric Cantor
6151:Steny Hoyer
6123:Eric Cantor
6087:Steny Hoyer
6076:Jim Clyburn
5976:Steny Hoyer
5737:Dick Cheney
5690:Tony Coelho
5647:Mississippi
5582:Tip O'Neill
5539:Gerald Ford
5507:John Rhodes
5491:Tip O'Neill
5459:Carl Albert
5433:Tip O'Neill
5385:Gerald Ford
5332:Carl Albert
5246:Sam Rayburn
5220:Carl Albert
5166:Sam Rayburn
5113:Sam Rayburn
5040:Sam Rayburn
4923:Sam Rayburn
4846:Sam Rayburn
4616:Connecticut
4449:Champ Clark
4331:Champ Clark
4277:Champ Clark
4205:Mississippi
4027:Jim Clyburn
4025:2023β2024:
4012:2021β2023:
4006:2019β2021:
3995:Jim Clyburn
3993:2011β2019:
3980:2009β2011:
3974:2007β2009:
3970:John Spratt
3968:2003β2007:
3962:1999β2003:
3938:Jim Clyburn
3879:Peter Welch
3837:2019β2022:
3832:Peter Welch
3794:2015β2019:
3789:Peter Welch
3751:2013β2015:
3746:Peter Welch
3718:Joe Crowley
3708:2011β2013:
3699:John Tanner
3679:Joe Crowley
3669:2007β2011:
3660:John Tanner
3640:Joe Crowley
3634:2005β2007:
3621:Max Sandlin
3605:Joe Crowley
3599:2003β2005:
3590:Max Sandlin
3580:2002β2003:
3561:1999β2002:
3542:1997β1999:
3527:1995β1997:
3508:1993β1995:
3493:1991β1993:
3486:1987β1991:
3479:1981β1987:
3472:1977β1981:
3465:1973β1977:
3454:1971β1973:
3449:Tip O'Neill
3447:1962β1971:
3440:1955β1962:
3419:2019β2022:
3412:2014β2019:
3405:2011β2014:
3398:2009β2011:
3393:Eric Cantor
3391:2003β2009:
3384:1999β2003:
3377:1995β1999:
3370:1993β1995:
3359:1989β1993:
3352:1987β1989:
3345:1983β1987:
3338:1981β1983:
3327:Deputy Whip
3287:legislation
3268:legislative
3200:Gerald Ford
3163:health care
3108:Innovation.
3102:Withdrawal.
2932:Gerald Ford
2609:Thomas Reed
2560:emerged on
2479:Arab League
2393:Visa policy
2269:Territorial
2082:Libertarian
2017:Puerto Rico
1867:Mississippi
1782:Connecticut
1330:Legislature
1230:White House
1174:to make it
990:Eric Cantor
951:Eric Cantor
860:during the
838:Eric Cantor
830:Tom Daschle
811:John Rhodes
614:Quorum call
298:Republicans
265:Unlike the
15106:Categories
14871:Affiliated
14811:Washington
14731:New Mexico
14726:New Jersey
14601:California
13988:Richardson
13852:U.S. House
13776:A. Johnson
13673:H. Clinton
13573:B. Clinton
13553:B. Clinton
13408:L. Johnson
13392:L. Johnson
12970:H. Johnson
12892:R. Johnson
12394:Washington
12314:New Mexico
12309:New Jersey
12184:California
11995:Fahrenkopf
11990:Fahrenkopf
11911:Gabrielson
11521:Pennington
11511:Conference
11497:U.S. House
11318:J. P. Hale
11308:Conference
11283:G. W. Bush
11253:Eisenhower
11035:G. W. Bush
11015:G. W. Bush
10795:Eisenhower
10775:Eisenhower
10191:facilities
9898:Serial Set
9786:Library of
9762:Postmaster
9725:Doorkeeper
9586:Historical
9241:Conference
9219:Committees
9204:Traditions
9129:Filibuster
8882:Privileges
8656:Physicians
8649:Occupation
8398:Vice-Chair
7999:Membership
7870:Dan Kildee
7846:Joe Neguse
7763:Democratic
7761:Minority (
7756:Republican
7754:Majority (
7723:Leadership
7541:1989
7336:(Report).
7197:1883
7081:Quoted in
6812:(Report).
6782:(Report).
6760:January 5,
6706:August 18,
6617:References
6590:January 4,
6428:2023β2025
6399:California
6347:2021β2023
6335:California
6300:2019β2021
6283:2017β2019
6258:2015β2017
6230:California
6221:2014β2015
6216:2013β2014
6204:California
6167:California
6147:2011β2013
6119:2009β2011
6107:California
6072:2007β2009
6051:2006β2007
6031:2005β2006
5992:California
5972:2003β2005
5960:California
5951:2002β2003
5939:2001β2002
5914:1999β2001
5904:1997β1999
5876:Dick Armey
5857:1995β1997
5840:1993β1995
5819:1991β1993
5791:Washington
5756:1989β1991
5716:Jim Wright
5706:Washington
5695:California
5686:1987β1989
5676:1985β1987
5666:1983β1985
5642:Trent Lott
5631:Bob Michel
5625:Washington
5616:1981β1983
5606:1979β1981
5567:Jim Wright
5552:1977β1979
5528:Bob Michel
5524:1975β1977
5503:1973β1975
5485:California
5444:Hale Boggs
5429:1971β1973
5412:1969β1971
5402:1967β1969
5381:1965β1967
5364:1963β1965
5321:Hale Boggs
5317:1962β1963
5305:1961β1962
5284:1959β1961
5274:1957β1959
5216:1955β1957
5151:1953β1955
5141:1951β1953
5083:1949β1951
5025:1947β1949
5004:1946β1947
4971:1943β1945
4945:1942β1943
4940:1941β1942
4904:1940β1941
4888:1939β1940
4878:1937β1939
4842:1936β1937
4800:1935β1936
4781:California
4735:1933β1935
4677:1931β1933
4638:1929β1931
4628:1927β1929
4592:1925β1927
4542:1923β1925
4503:1921β1923
4445:1919β1921
4435:1917β1919
4398:1915β1917
4359:1913β1915
4342:James Mann
4312:1911β1913
4268:1909β1911
4258:1908β1909
4253:1907β1908
4232:1905β1907
4215:Joe Cannon
4196:1903β1905
4168:1901β1903
4033:Joe Neguse
3881:(Majority)
3867:Dan Kildee
3843:John Lewis
3834:(Minority)
3796:John Lewis
3791:(Minority)
3753:John Lewis
3748:(Minority)
3710:John Lewis
3705:(Majority)
3671:John Lewis
3666:(Minority)
3636:John Lewis
3631:(Minority)
3609:Baron Hill
3601:John Lewis
3596:(Minority)
3582:John Lewis
3577:(Minority)
3567:John Lewis
3558:(Minority)
3552:John Lewis
3539:(Minority)
3533:John Lewis
3524:(Majority)
3518:John Lewis
3505:(Majority)
3503:John Lewis
3490:(Majority)
3483:(Majority)
3476:(Majority)
3469:(Majority)
3462:(Majority)
3451:(Majority)
3444:(Majority)
3442:Hale Boggs
3430:(Majority)
3423:(Minority)
3416:(Majority)
3409:(Majority)
3402:(Minority)
3388:(Majority)
3381:(Majority)
3374:(Minority)
3367:(Minority)
3356:(Minority)
3349:(Minority)
3342:(Minority)
3318:John Lewis
3016:ex officio
2271:government
2257:Federalism
2199:Monarchism
2154:Liberalism
2069:Republican
2064:Democratic
1982:Washington
1902:New Mexico
1897:New Jersey
1772:California
1222:Congress".
1062:newspapers
935:Dick Armey
912:Hale Boggs
891:. Speaker
858:Henry Clay
834:Bill Frist
598:Procedures
588:Committees
400:non-voting
92:newspapers
15051:Primaries
14992:Sectional
14821:Wisconsin
14786:Tennessee
14691:Minnesota
14666:Louisiana
14569:State and
14534:McAuliffe
14362:McCormick
14285:Chairs of
14245:Mansfield
14233:McFarland
14209:Underwood
14203:Hitchcock
14167:Blackburn
14131:Pendleton
14048:McCormack
13799:1941β1945
13795:1933β1941
13782:Cleveland
13752:Van Buren
13722:primaries
13702:primaries
13682:primaries
13662:primaries
13642:primaries
13622:primaries
13602:primaries
13597:Lieberman
13582:primaries
13562:primaries
13542:primaries
13522:primaries
13502:primaries
13482:primaries
13462:primaries
13437:primaries
13417:primaries
13397:primaries
13377:primaries
13357:primaries
13337:primaries
13317:primaries
13308:Roosevelt
13297:primaries
13288:Roosevelt
13277:primaries
13268:Roosevelt
13257:primaries
13248:Roosevelt
13237:primaries
13217:primaries
13197:primaries
13192:Roosevelt
13177:primaries
13157:primaries
13083:Cleveland
13070:Cleveland
13061:Hendricks
13057:Cleveland
13035:Hendricks
12996:Pendleton
12992:McClellan
12901:Van Buren
12888:Van Buren
12879:Van Buren
12850:primaries
12715:Primaries
12651:Factional
12581:Sectional
12418:Territory
12404:Wisconsin
12369:Tennessee
12274:Minnesota
12249:Louisiana
12150:territory
12148:state and
12035:Gillespie
12020:Nicholson
11956:R. Morton
11936:T. Morton
11821:Rosewater
11811:Hitchcock
11801:Cortelyou
11623:Longworth
11486:McConnell
11366:Gallinger
11223:Roosevelt
11144:primaries
11124:primaries
11104:primaries
11084:primaries
11064:primaries
11044:primaries
11024:primaries
11004:primaries
10984:primaries
10964:primaries
10944:primaries
10924:primaries
10904:primaries
10884:primaries
10864:primaries
10844:primaries
10835:Goldwater
10824:primaries
10804:primaries
10784:primaries
10764:primaries
10744:primaries
10724:primaries
10704:primaries
10684:primaries
10664:primaries
10644:primaries
10624:primaries
10604:primaries
10599:Fairbanks
10584:primaries
10549:Fairbanks
10545:Roosevelt
10536:Roosevelt
10377:primaries
10166:Longworth
10096:buildings
10079:VP's Room
9740:Historian
9679:Librarian
9674:Historian
9659:Secretary
9645:Employees
9450:Roll Call
9261:Oversight
9189:Seniority
9056:Saxbe fix
8994:Expulsion
8908:Procedure
8846:Inquiries
8826:(Dormant)
8818:Copyright
8813:Article I
8752:1950β1999
8747:1900β1949
8742:1790β1899
8461:Districts
8376:Secretary
8337:President
8117:seniority
8091:Appointed
8054:seniority
7780:Tom Emmer
7509:Roll Call
7343:April 16,
6820:April 16,
6790:April 16,
6568:April 21,
6441:Louisiana
6421:Minnesota
6416:Tom Emmer
6410:Louisiana
6351:Joe Biden
6271:Wisconsin
6266:Paul Ryan
6241:Louisiana
6035:Roy Blunt
6009:Roy Blunt
5998:Tom DeLay
5887:Tom DeLay
5786:Tom Foley
5701:Tom Foley
5620:Tom Foley
5449:Louisiana
5326:Louisiana
5092:Tennessee
4835:Tennessee
4755:Tennessee
4551:Tennessee
4491:Minnesota
4149:Minnesota
4112:Tennessee
4091:1899β1901
3730:Ed Pastor
3687:Ed Pastor
3652:Ed Pastor
3617:Ed Pastor
3586:Ed Pastor
3571:Ed Pastor
3386:Roy Blunt
3240:bottom up
2957:rule book
2383:Passports
2278:Governors
2224:Anarchism
2219:Socialism
1992:Wisconsin
1957:Tennessee
1862:Minnesota
1837:Louisiana
1699:Elections
1614:Kavanaugh
1597:Sotomayor
1561:Judiciary
1496:Joe Biden
1480:Executive
1430:President
1121:19 U.S.C.
1019:does not
988:In 2014,
956:Tom DeLay
939:Tom DeLay
761:Selection
693:Longworth
577:Saxbe fix
318:Minnesota
314:Tom Emmer
310:Louisiana
302:Democrats
296:With the
180:Tom Emmer
62:talk page
14910:Factions
14881:Congress
14806:Virginia
14756:Oklahoma
14736:New York
14711:Nebraska
14701:Missouri
14686:Michigan
14676:Maryland
14661:Kentucky
14641:Illinois
14616:Delaware
14606:Colorado
14596:Arkansas
14559:Harrison
14520:Grossman
14462:Westwood
14427:Mitchell
14422:McKinney
14407:Hannegan
14367:Cummings
14257:Mitchell
14215:Robinson
14090:Jeffries
14078:Gephardt
14036:Bankhead
13994:Williams
13964:Carlisle
13859:Speakers
13770:Buchanan
13452:Eagleton
13448:McGovern
13428:Humphrey
13412:Humphrey
13372:Kefauver
13352:Sparkman
13232:Robinson
13212:C. Bryan
13208:J. Davis
13172:Marshall
13152:Marshall
13135:W. Bryan
13126:H. Davis
13109:W. Bryan
13096:W. Bryan
12953:Buchanan
12832:National
12740:Trumpism
12595:Chairmen
12512:Factions
12474:Congress
12389:Virginia
12339:Oklahoma
12319:New York
12294:Nebraska
12284:Missouri
12269:Michigan
12259:Maryland
12244:Kentucky
12224:Illinois
12199:Delaware
12189:Colorado
12179:Arkansas
12069:McDaniel
12045:MartΓnez
11981:Richards
11896:Brownell
11891:Spangler
11876:Hamilton
11871:Fletcher
11781:Campbell
11776:Clarkson
11746:Chandler
11689:McCarthy
11665:Gingrich
11504:Speakers
11432:Knowland
11241:Coolidge
11217:McKinley
11211:Harrison
11199:Garfield
10635:Coolidge
10619:Coolidge
10532:McKinley
10519:McKinley
10506:Harrison
10493:Harrison
10467:Garfield
10366:national
9997:painting
9788:Congress
9710:Chaplain
9664:Chaplain
9443:Politico
9436:The Hill
9286:Standing
9251:Hearings
9227:Chairman
8899:Immunity
8894:Franking
8889:Salaries
8823:Commerce
8665:Religion
8086:Resigned
7852:Ted Lieu
7830:(Leader)
7776:(Leader)
7267:(4): 19.
7148:(4): 18.
7103:(4): 17.
7064:NBC News
7022:June 11,
6991:June 10,
6963:June 11,
6936:ABC News
6846:June 10,
6732:July 24,
6484:See also
6384:New York
6320:Maryland
6193:Virginia
6156:Maryland
6128:Virginia
6092:Maryland
6040:Missouri
6014:Missouri
5981:Maryland
5927:Illinois
5828:Michigan
5776:Missouri
5636:Illinois
5533:Illinois
5464:Oklahoma
5390:Michigan
5337:Oklahoma
5225:Oklahoma
4980:Illinois
4830:Jo Byrns
4770:Illinois
4750:Jo Byrns
4712:New York
4686:Illinois
4512:Arkansas
4454:Missouri
4423:New York
4347:Illinois
4336:Missouri
4293:New York
4282:Missouri
4220:Illinois
4177:Missouri
4138:New York
3648:Ron Kind
3613:Ron Kind
2927:de facto
2871:Sources
2613:de facto
2204:Populism
2189:Feminism
1977:Virginia
1927:Oklahoma
1907:New York
1882:Nebraska
1872:Missouri
1857:Michigan
1847:Maryland
1832:Kentucky
1812:Illinois
1787:Delaware
1777:Colorado
1767:Arkansas
1312:Taxation
1165:textbook
973:de facto
876:and the
630:Salaries
344:a series
326:New York
250:and the
15061:Debates
15044:Related
14826:Wyoming
14801:Vermont
14706:Montana
14646:Indiana
14626:Georgia
14621:Florida
14591:Arizona
14581:Alabama
14573:parties
14525:Rendell
14497:Wilhelm
14467:Strauss
14457:O'Brien
14447:O'Brien
14437:Jackson
14412:McGrath
14357:McCombs
14347:Taggart
14337:Harrity
14312:Belmont
14307:Smalley
14297:Hallett
14277:(2017β)
14275:Schumer
14263:Daschle
14239:Johnson
14221:Barkley
14125:Wallace
14103:leaders
14092:(2023β)
14060:O'Neill
14042:Rayburn
14012:Garrett
14006:Kitchin
13958:Randall
13946:Niblack
13940:Randall
13936:Niblack
13930:Houston
13854:leaders
13843:(2021β)
13829:Clinton
13811:Kennedy
13746:Jackson
13617:Edwards
13537:Bentsen
13533:Dukakis
13517:Ferraro
13513:Mondale
13497:Mondale
13477:Mondale
13456:Shriver
13388:Kennedy
13332:Barkley
13292:Wallace
13074:Thurman
13048:English
13044:Hancock
13018:Greeley
13005:Seymour
12966:Douglas
12875:Jackson
12866:Calhoun
12862:Jackson
12841:tickets
12795:History
12720:Debates
12708:Related
12409:Wyoming
12384:Vermont
12289:Montana
12229:Indiana
12209:Georgia
12204:Florida
12174:Arizona
12164:Alabama
12144:Parties
12074:Whatley
12064:Priebus
12040:Mehlman
12030:Racicot
12025:Gilmore
12015:Barbour
12005:Yeutter
12000:Atwater
11921:Roberts
11866:Sanders
11751:Cameron
11736:Claflin
11726:Raymond
11697:(2023β)
11695:Johnson
11677:Boehner
11671:Hastert
11641:Halleck
11617:Gillett
11551:McCrary
11539:Pomeroy
11499:leaders
11488:(2007β)
11456:Stevens
11438:Dirksen
11420:Bridges
11354:E. Hale
11348:Allison
11342:Sherman
11336:Edmunds
11330:Sherman
11324:Anthony
11302:leaders
11235:Harding
11181:Johnson
11175:Lincoln
10739:Bricker
10715:Willkie
10615:Harding
10575:Sherman
10562:Sherman
10458:Wheeler
10419:Johnson
10415:Lincoln
10402:Lincoln
10389:FrΓ©mont
10361:tickets
10322:History
10247:Related
10176:Rayburn
10171:O'Neill
10130:Russell
10111:Dirksen
9960:Rotunda
9801:reports
9669:Curator
9632:Library
9591:Library
9581:Curator
9567:Offices
9492:offices
9366:memoirs
9344:memoirs
9327:History
9114:Classes
8964:Cloture
8942:Censure
8717:Related
8433:Leaders
8421:Speaker
8361:Leaders
8323:Leaders
8112:Members
8076:Classes
8049:Members
8006:Members
7737:Speaker
7725:of the
7662:May 20,
7314:May 20,
6874:June 7,
6676:May 16,
6465:Speaker
5870:Georgia
5802:Georgia
5742:Wyoming
5561:Indiana
5512:Arizona
5293:Indiana
5197:Indiana
5071:Indiana
5013:Alabama
4954:Georgia
4866:Alabama
4820:Alabama
4744:Indiana
4647:Alabama
4573:Indiana
4480:Wyoming
4368:Georgia
4321:Alabama
4241:Indiana
4101:Alabama
4066:Speaker
3175:floor,
2912:in the
2122:history
1997:Wyoming
1972:Vermont
1877:Montana
1817:Indiana
1797:Georgia
1792:Florida
1762:Arizona
1752:Alabama
1624:Jackson
1619:Barrett
1609:Gorsuch
1538:Cabinet
1368:Speaker
1176:neutral
1170:Please
1076:scholar
1040:removed
1025:sources
854:Revenue
844:History
788:in the
771:Speaker
703:Rayburn
698:O'Neill
379:Members
106:scholar
14873:groups
14761:Oregon
14716:Nevada
14656:Kansas
14631:Hawaii
14586:Alaska
14529:Andrew
14511:Fowler
14482:Manatt
14472:Curtis
14452:Harris
14442:Bailey
14432:Butler
14402:Walker
14392:Farley
14387:Raskob
14382:Shaver
14327:Barnum
14322:Hewitt
14317:Schell
14302:McLane
14197:Martin
14185:Martin
14161:Gorman
14149:Turpie
14143:Gorman
14111:chairs
14109:Caucus
14084:Pelosi
14066:Wright
14054:Albert
14024:Rainey
14018:Garner
13970:Holman
13868:chairs
13866:Caucus
13823:Carter
13805:Truman
13788:Wilson
13764:Pierce
13713:Harris
13697:Harris
13493:Carter
13473:Carter
13432:Muskie
13328:Truman
13312:Truman
13272:Garner
13252:Garner
13168:Wilson
13148:Wilson
13122:Parker
13100:Sewall
13031:Tilden
12940:Pierce
12931:Butler
12918:Dallas
12653:groups
12583:groups
12545:groups
12344:Oregon
12299:Nevada
12239:Kansas
12214:Hawaii
12169:Alaska
12059:Steele
12054:Duncan
12049:Duncan
11986:Laxalt
11941:Miller
11931:Alcorn
11881:Martin
11856:Huston
11846:Butler
11831:Wilcox
11826:Hilles
11786:Carter
11756:Jewell
11741:Morgan
11721:Morgan
11714:Chairs
11659:Michel
11653:Rhodes
11635:Martin
11605:Cannon
11575:Cannon
11569:Keifer
11545:Blaine
11541:(1869)
11533:Colfax
11513:chairs
11428:(1953)
11414:Wherry
11402:McNary
11396:Austin
11390:McNary
11384:Watson
11378:Curtis
11360:Cullom
11310:chairs
11271:Reagan
11247:Hoover
11205:Arthur
11201:(1881)
11075:Romney
11055:McCain
11039:Cheney
11019:Cheney
10979:Quayle
10959:Quayle
10935:Reagan
10915:Reagan
10839:Miller
10759:Warren
10719:McNary
10695:Landon
10679:Curtis
10675:Hoover
10659:Curtis
10655:Hoover
10595:Hughes
10579:Butler
10523:Hobart
10497:Morton
10480:Blaine
10471:Arthur
10445:Wilson
10432:Colfax
10406:Hamlin
10393:Dayton
10238:Subway
10156:Cannon
10104:Senate
10094:Office
9830:THOMAS
9652:Senate
9574:Senate
9425:C-SPAN
9307:Gavels
9256:Markup
9136:Manual
8957:Senate
8806:Powers
8623:Senate
8619:Women
8524:Senate
8487:Groups
8330:Senate
8129:Former
8066:Former
8042:Senate
7948:Senate
7876:, and
7836:(Whip)
7782:(Whip)
7653:
7374:
6455:Years
6044:Acting
4056:Years
3177:ad lib
2942:, and
2875:Trends
2835:(R-ME)
2803:(R-ME)
2787:(R-OH)
2759:(R-OH)
2723:(D-NY)
2459:Canada
2439:Russia
2293:Courts
2159:Modern
2142:Social
2137:Paleo-
1932:Oregon
1887:Nevada
1827:Kansas
1802:Hawaii
1757:Alaska
1587:Thomas
1422:Senate
1317:Policy
1132:for a
1123:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1049:
878:Senate
870:Senate
832:, and
767:caucus
683:Cannon
662:Places
346:on the
246:: the
218:(D-MA)
201:(D-NY)
182:(R-MN)
165:(R-LA)
108:
101:
94:
87:
79:
14791:Texas
14671:Maine
14636:Idaho
14554:Perez
14544:Kaine
14516:Romer
14502:DeLee
14492:Brown
14477:White
14417:Boyle
14397:Flynn
14372:White
14342:Jones
14332:Brice
14227:Lucas
14179:Money
14072:Foley
14030:Byrns
14000:Clark
13976:Crisp
13900:Davis
13841:Biden
13835:Obama
13693:Biden
13677:Kaine
13657:Biden
13653:Obama
13637:Biden
13633:Obama
13613:Kerry
13228:Smith
13022:Brown
13009:Blair
12374:Texas
12254:Maine
12219:Idaho
12157:State
11976:Brock
11971:Smith
11951:Bliss
11946:Burch
11906:Scott
11901:Reece
11886:Walsh
11841:Adams
11796:Payne
11791:Hanna
11766:Jones
11761:Sabin
11629:Snell
11480:Frist
11462:Baker
11450:Baker
11444:Scott
11408:White
11372:Lodge
11289:Trump
11259:Nixon
11193:Hayes
11187:Grant
11139:Vance
11135:Trump
11119:Pence
11115:Trump
11099:Pence
11095:Trump
11059:Palin
10879:Agnew
10875:Nixon
10859:Agnew
10855:Nixon
10819:Lodge
10815:Nixon
10799:Nixon
10779:Nixon
10755:Dewey
10735:Dewey
10639:Dawes
10484:Logan
10454:Hayes
10441:Grant
10428:Grant
10189:Other
10139:House
9941:Crypt
9750:Board
9745:Pages
9720:Clerk
9703:House
9684:Pages
9600:House
9526:Board
9418:Media
9300:Items
9051:Rider
8952:House
8851:Trial
8628:House
8529:House
8414:House
8393:Chair
8371:Chair
8105:House
7967:119th
7963:118th
7959:117th
7550:E3000
7334:(PDF)
6957:MSNBC
6810:(PDF)
6780:(PDF)
6726:(PDF)
6640:(PDF)
6631:from
6531:Notes
6364:2023
6360:118th
6343:117th
6296:116th
6279:115th
6253:2015
6249:114th
6212:113th
6143:112th
6115:111th
6068:110th
6026:2005
6022:109th
6003:Texas
5968:108th
5935:107th
5910:106th
5900:105th
5892:Texas
5881:Texas
5853:104th
5836:103rd
5814:1991
5810:102nd
5733:1989
5729:101st
5721:Texas
5682:100th
5572:Texas
5476:1973
5251:Texas
5171:Texas
5118:Texas
5045:Texas
4992:1945
4966:1943
4928:Texas
4851:Texas
4701:Texas
4658:Texas
3298:party
3279:party
3256:Whips
2454:Japan
2449:India
2444:China
2322:Mayor
2265:State
2127:Black
2087:Green
1962:Texas
1842:Maine
1807:Idaho
1602:Kagan
1592:Alito
1083:JSTOR
1069:books
405:women
286:whips
113:JSTOR
99:books
14841:Guam
14796:Utah
14751:Ohio
14651:Iowa
14539:Dean
14507:Dodd
14487:Kirk
14377:Hull
14352:Mack
14287:the
14269:Reid
14251:Byrd
14191:Kern
14137:Beck
13952:Kerr
13912:Boyd
13906:Cobb
13888:Polk
13882:Bell
13758:Polk
13717:Walz
13593:Gore
13577:Gore
13557:Gore
13139:Kern
12978:Lane
12944:King
12927:Cass
12914:Polk
12905:None
12435:Guam
12379:Utah
12334:Ohio
12234:Iowa
12130:2024
12125:2023
12120:2021
12115:2019
12110:2017
12105:2015
12100:2013
12095:2011
12090:2009
12010:Bond
11966:Bush
11961:Dole
11926:Hall
11861:Fess
11851:Work
11836:Hays
11816:Hill
11771:Quay
11731:Ward
11683:Ryan
11647:Ford
11611:Mann
11593:Reed
11581:Reed
11563:Frye
11557:Hale
11527:Grow
11474:Lott
11468:Dole
11426:Taft
11265:Ford
11229:Taft
11079:Ryan
10999:Kemp
10995:Dole
10899:Dole
10895:Ford
10699:Knox
10571:Taft
10558:Taft
10510:Reid
10161:Ford
10116:Hart
9946:Dome
9855:Gov.
9229:and
9076:Veto
9009:list
8932:Bill
8920:list
8563:list
8468:List
8426:list
8354:list
8342:list
8124:Dean
8061:Dean
7664:2020
7651:ISBN
7404:2023
7372:ISBN
7345:2022
7316:2020
7286:See
7097:See
7024:2014
6993:2014
6965:2014
6876:2011
6848:2014
6822:2022
6792:2022
6762:2006
6734:2017
6708:2022
6678:2022
6592:2024
6570:2010
6451:ress
6449:Cong
6182:Ohio
6060:Ohio
5672:99th
5662:98th
5612:97th
5602:96th
5548:95th
5520:94th
5472:93rd
5425:92nd
5408:91st
5398:90th
5377:89th
5360:88th
5301:87th
5280:86th
5270:85th
5212:84th
5147:83rd
5137:82nd
5079:81st
5021:80th
4988:79th
4962:78th
4936:77th
4884:76th
4874:75th
4796:74th
4731:73rd
4673:72nd
4634:71st
4624:70th
4605:Ohio
4588:69th
4562:Ohio
4538:68th
4499:67th
4441:66th
4431:65th
4402:None
4394:64th
4355:63rd
4308:62nd
4272:None
4264:61st
4249:60th
4228:59th
4192:58th
4164:57th
4127:Iowa
4086:56th
4052:ress
4050:Cong
3941:the
3363:and
3304:The
3292:The
3273:The
3263:whip
2855:1897
2839:1895
2827:1893
2823:1891
2807:1889
2795:1887
2791:1885
2779:1883
2763:1881
2751:1879
2747:1877
2727:1875
2715:1873
2699:1871
2683:1869
2667:1867
2647:1865
2421:NATO
2287:list
2267:and
2132:Neo-
2007:Guam
1967:Utah
1922:Ohio
1822:Iowa
1650:list
1405:list
1055:news
1023:any
1021:cite
925:and
880:and
872:and
688:Ford
592:list
571:list
433:NRCC
428:DCCC
280:and
276:The
85:news
14289:DNC
14106:and
13924:Orr
13863:and
13188:Cox
12845:and
11806:New
11706:RNC
11508:and
11305:and
10372:and
7206:4-5
6916:CNN
2863:(D-
2847:(D-
2815:(D-
2771:(D-
2707:(D-
2691:(D-
2675:(D-
2426:G20
1515:(D)
1498:(D)
1468:(R)
1457:(D)
1446:(D)
1435:(D)
1395:(D)
1384:(R)
1373:(R)
1307:Law
1034:by
332:of
324:of
316:of
308:of
68:by
15108::
13797:;
13711::
13691::
13671::
13651::
13631::
13611::
13591::
13571::
13551::
13531::
13511::
13491::
13471::
13458:)
13454:,
13450:/(
13446::
13426::
13406::
13386::
13366::
13346::
13326::
13306::
13286::
13266::
13246::
13226::
13206::
13186::
13166::
13146::
13133::
13120::
13107::
13094::
13081::
13068::
13055::
13042::
13029::
13016::
13003::
12990::
12982:SD
12980:,
12964::
12951::
12938::
12925::
12912::
12899::
12886::
12873::
12860::
12146:by
11133::
11113::
11093::
11073::
11053::
11033::
11013::
10993::
10973::
10953::
10933::
10913::
10893::
10873::
10853::
10833::
10813::
10793::
10773::
10753::
10733::
10713::
10693::
10673::
10653::
10633::
10613::
10593::
10569::
10556::
10543::
10530::
10517::
10504::
10491::
10478::
10465::
10452::
10439::
10426::
10413::
10400::
10387::
7872:,
7740::
7546:,
7526:.
7492:.
7394:.
7370:.
7366::
7362:.
7306:.
7255:^
7202:,
7067:.
7061:.
7041:.
7010:.
6982:.
6954:.
6933:.
6913:.
6893:.
6864:.
6838:.
6751:.
6697:.
6686:^
6662:.
6642:.
6582:.
6443:)
6423:)
6412:)
6401:)
6386:)
6375:)
6337:)
6322:)
6311:)
6273:)
6243:)
6232:)
6206:)
6195:)
6184:)
6169:)
6158:)
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