703:
66:
2367:
died during the course of their travels, and their travel journals were edited and published posthumously by editors who did not always understand the details. Burckhardt's journal was published first, in 1822, and served as the basis for the Moab segment of Edward
Robinson's map of Palestine published in 1841. Robinson's map depicts several strange features for the Moab segment, most of which can be traced to editorial mistakes in Burckhardt's journal and/or to entirely understandable misinterpretations of the journal on Robinson's part. Unfortunately, these strange features would linger on in maps of Palestine throughout the nineteenth century.
1066:
336:
673:
1795:
621:
684:
2366:
Among the travellers who traversed the whole
Moabite plateau including Moab proper prior to 1870 and whose published observations deserve special mention are Ulrich Seetzen (1805), Ludwig Burckhardt (1812), Charles Irby and James Mangles (1818), and Louis de Saulcy (1851). Both Seetzen and Burckhardt
1402:
was one of the four men who pretended to be gods. He was persuaded thereto particularly by the princes, who said to him. "Wert thou not a god thou couldst not come out alive from the Holy of Holies" (Ex R. viii. 3). He was assassinated by two of his servants, one of whom was the son of an
Ammonite
1294:
expresses the view that the prohibition applied only to male
Moabites, who were not allowed to marry born Jews or legitimate converts. Female Moabites, when converted to Judaism, were permitted to marry with only the normal prohibition of a convert marrying a kohen (priest) applying. However, the
268:) which explains the name, in obvious allusion to the account of Moab's parentage, as ἐκ τοῦ πατρός μου ("from my father"). Other etymologies which have been proposed regard it as a corruption of "seed of a father", or as a participial form from "to desire", thus connoting "the desirable (land)".
1475:
The book of
Zephaniah states that "Moab will assuredly be like Sodom, and the sons of Ammon like Gomorrah—Ground overgrown with weeds and full of salt mines, and a permanent desolation." (2:9). The prophecy regarding their defeat by the Israelites is linked to the conquests by the Jewish
757:(long hair collected and arranged) and not a braided hairstyle like the Shasu from later reliefs that contained the name Moab, with researchers debating whether this indicates a demographic change in Moab, or a change in the lifestyles of the Moabites.
1192:, however, he was completely victorious and regained all the territory of which Israel had deprived him. This battle is the last important date in the history of the Moabites as recorded in the Bible. In the year of Elisha's death they invaded Israel (
1183:
According to the biblical account, the crimson color deceived the
Moabites into thinking that the Israelites, and their allies, had attacked one another. Eager to acquire plunder, they were ambushed and defeated by the Israelites
1289:
The term "tenth generation" used in connection with that prohibition is considered an idiom, used for an unlimited time, as opposed to the third generation, which allows an
Egyptian convert to marry into the community. The
65:
2640:
1179:
directed the
Israelites to dig a series of ditches between themselves and the enemy, and during the night these channels were miraculously filled with water which appeared red as blood in the morning light.
1392:
to curse them. The difference in the responses of the two people led to God allowing the Jewish people to harass the
Moabites (but not go to war) but forbade them to even harass the Ammonites (
4040:
2472:
4035:
3044:
1227:). Two chapters of Isaiah (15 and 16) and one of Jeremiah (48) are devoted to the "burden of Moab". Its prosperity and pride, which the Israelites believed incurred the wrath of
760:
Another inscription from Luxor mentions that Ramses and his eldest son called the
Egyptians the "leader of Moab" and reprimanded him for trying to make an alliance with the
753:
sent troops to the area and suppressed the rebellion - in the inscriptions of Ramesses II, the Moabites are shown as having hairstyles identical to those of the resident
1099:. (1 Samuel 22:3,4) But here all friendly relations stop forever. The next time the name is mentioned is in the account of David's war, who made the Moabites tributary (
1609:, divided itself naturally into three distinct and independent portions: the enclosed corner or canton south of the Arnon, referred to in the Bible as "field of Moab" (
1266:. In that text, a Moabite king named Maccabeus joins forces with Edom and Amalek to attack Israel, later repenting of his sins and adopting the Israelite religion.
3037:
282:
in Hebrew and Arabic and the rest of the Semitic languages means "father". He writes that as a result of the immodesty of Moab's name, God did not command the
2573:
The other three were Pharaoh; Hiram and Nebuchadnezzar (Louis Ginzberg's The Legends of the Jews From Moses to Esther; Notes for Volumes Three and Four(p.423)
1095:
may be said to have been part Moabite. He committed his parents to the protection of the king of Moab (who may have been his kinsman), when hard pressed by
1016:), prevented by God from entering the Promised Land. He was buried in an unknown location in Moab and the Israelites spent a period of thirty days there in
2777:
2464:
3030:
722:
Despite a scarcity of archaeological evidence, the existence of the Kingdom of Moab prior to the rise of the Israelite state has been deduced from a
2508:
1361:, are mentioned with no shade of reproach. The Talmudic explanation, however, is that the language of the law applies only to Moabite and Ammonite
1148:'s reckoning was in about 853 BCE, when the Moabites refused to pay tribute and asserted their independence, making war upon the kingdom of Judah (
1536:
1505:
796:
2270:
649:
543:
2756:
2442:
4025:
2911:
1299:, and Ezra and Nehemiah sought to compel a return to the law because men had been marrying women who had not been converted at all (
2323:
Miller, Max (1997). "Ancient Moab: Still Largely Unknown". In George Ernest Wright; Frank Moore Cross; Edward Fay Campbell (eds.).
1388:
76B explains that one of the reasons was the Ammonites did not greet the Children of Israel with friendship and the Moabites hired
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2713:
529:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
1113:). Moab may have been under the rule of an Israelite governor during this period; among the exiles who returned to Judea from
2965:
2446:, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983).
2417:
2354:
2294:"The Kingdoms of Ammon, Moab, and Edom: The Archaeology of Society in Late Bronze/Iron Age Transjordan (ca. 1400–500 BCE)"
3690:
3967:
1263:
918:
952:
The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands at the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far as
4030:
2986:
2837:
2816:
2750:
2451:
2264:
2070:
1878:
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is simply reporting the events in an impartial fashion, leaving any praise or condemnation to be done by the reader.
31:
2925:
2781:
1859:
1663:
1259:
1255:
350:
1110:
1831:
1039:
the relations of Moab with Israel were of a mixed character, sometimes warlike and sometimes peaceable. With the
968:
642:
1632:
772:
An 8th-century BCE inscription seems to indicate that the Kingdom of Moab expanded into the eastern part of the
1816:
609:
604:
2492:
987:
3981:
3054:
2301:
1647:
1103:
1073:
994:
1838:
1516:
803:
1729:), which the Bible describes as "this detestation of Moab". The altar was not destroyed until the reign of
702:
3022:
2541:
869:
of Assyria allows Moab to benefit in return from the support of Assyria against the nomadic tribes of the
3911:
3685:
3016:
3011:
2504:
1613:
1137:
584:
568:
386:
226:
945:. The Bible refers to both the Moabites and Ammonites as Lot's sons, born of incest with his daughters (
922:
3066:
1426:
in a war against the Moabites, who were under tribute to Israel. The Moabites were subdued, but seeing
1247:). Moab would be dealt with during the time of the Messiah's rulership according to the prophets. The
1065:
983:, confined the Moabites to the country south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary (
635:
315:
2203:
1845:
1244:
1048:
70:
A theoretical map of the region around 830 BCE. Moab is shown in purple on this map, between the
4060:
1407:); for God said: "Let the descendants of the two ungrateful families chastise the ungrateful Joash" (
589:
538:
524:
265:
1062:
and led an Israelite army against the Moabites at a ford of the Jordan river, killing many of them.
4055:
1984:
1659:
1312:
910:
745:
as a rebellious place that refuses to recognize Egypt's control over Canaan and, together with the
286:
to refrain from inflicting pain upon the Moabites in the manner in which he did with regard to the
17:
3169:
2930:
2465:"Bible Gateway passage: Numbers 24:14, Numbers 24:17, Isaiah 11:14 - New American Standard Bible"
2395:
1827:
1805:
1777:, which is the only known extensive text in this language. In addition, there are the three line
1617:
548:
1605:
The territory occupied by Moab at the period of its greatest extent, before the invasion of the
1149:
1995:
1572:
1508:(south). That these limits were not fixed, however, is plain from the lists of cities given in
1342:
1027:
According to the Book of Judges, the Israelites did not pass through the land of the Moabites (
1021:
1017:
815:
553:
2738:
2254:
1373:
wrote the Book of Ruth to settle the dispute as the rule had been forgotten since the time of
1236:
4045:
3715:
3663:
3312:
2628:
1812:
1461:
1412:
1274:
According to the Hebrew Bible, the Moabites were not hospitable to the Israelites who exited
1224:
1136:, Moab seems to have been absorbed into the northern realm. It continued in vassalage to the
1013:
1009:
946:
906:
533:
38:
3278:
1216:
1193:
941:
and Lot's elder and younger daughters, respectively, in the aftermath of the destruction of
3787:
3781:
3327:
3194:
2938:
2399:
1949:
1778:
1296:
1240:
1201:
914:
874:
482:
8:
3850:
3812:
3658:
2944:
The Land of Moab: Travels and Discoveries on the East Side of the Dead Sea and the Jordan
2667:
2611:
1770:
1588:
1212:
1107:
1043:
they had at least one severe struggle, in union with their kindred the Ammonites and the
1028:
1001:
788:
1232:
1185:
3901:
2921:
2423:
2346:
2338:
2122:
1754:
1694:). During the Iron Age, several Moabite cultic sites have been found in places such as
1481:
1469:
1465:
1366:
1334:
1220:
942:
115:
3219:
2705:
30:"Moabites" redirects here. For the belief that "Moabites" once inhabited Morocco, see
3916:
3891:
3599:
3074:
2982:
2961:
2833:
2812:
2746:
2686:
2556:
2447:
2427:
2413:
2350:
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2226:
2184:
2066:
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2006:
1762:
1477:
1423:
1248:
1164:
1040:
842:
706:
473:
468:
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417:
324:
4050:
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3700:
3478:
3441:
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2676:
2405:
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2218:
2176:
2114:
1972:
1924:
1766:
1750:
1445:
1399:
1172:
493:
175:
105:
2243:
James B. Pritchard, Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, 1969
1852:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3881:
3241:
3132:
3002:
2976:
2955:
2942:
2847:
2827:
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2409:
2324:
1758:
1714:
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1434:
1100:
984:
723:
599:
563:
488:
2704:
Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2020).
2256:
The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project
1658:
References to the religion of Moab are scant. Most of the Moabites followed the
3962:
3862:
3695:
3452:
3362:
3322:
3302:
3154:
3094:
2041:
1738:
1734:
1718:
1703:
1621:
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1404:
1330:
1316:
1304:
1088:
991:
938:
890:
870:
761:
558:
498:
458:
422:
254:
230:
1737:). The Moabite Stone also mentions (line 17) a female counterpart of Chemosh,
1726:
1691:
1687:
1416:
1354:
1300:
206:. The land is mountainous and lies alongside much of the eastern shore of the
4020:
4014:
3996:
3983:
3767:
3611:
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3236:
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2560:
2528:
2230:
2188:
1679:
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filled Israel with horror, and they withdrew and returned to their own land.
1393:
1346:
1055:
1005:
831:
773:
710:
625:
478:
453:
3367:
2396:"No Citizenship for Ruth? Names as Access Permissions in the Scroll of Ruth"
2383:(2021 ed.). المملكة الاردنية الهاشمية: إدارة المناهج والكتب. p. 8.
1625:
971:), but they themselves were afterward driven southward by warlike tribes of
335:
3866:
3858:
3579:
3573:
3447:
3430:
3406:
3337:
3273:
3084:
3052:
2934:. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901–1906, which cites to the following bibliography:
2222:
1722:
1717:
were offered to Chemosh, as by Mesha, who gave up his son and heir to him (
1699:
1610:
1431:
1378:
1145:
1080:
1059:
976:
858:
823:
291:
238:
1567:
to the south of Kiriathaim. The principal rivers of Moab mentioned in the
3730:
3641:
3631:
3487:
3416:
3347:
3342:
3174:
2329:. Vol. 60. American Schools of Oriental Research. pp. 194–204.
1774:
1629:
1596:
1564:
1438:
1189:
1168:
1118:
965:
838:
731:
688:
594:
519:
258:
215:
2681:
2662:
3886:
3818:
3799:
3616:
3384:
3292:
3214:
3124:
3079:
2342:
2126:
2102:
1940:
1819: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1484:. During that period, the Moabites were called the "Arabian Moabites".
1208:
1092:
953:
846:
754:
696:
514:
437:
412:
355:
283:
261:
242:
75:
71:
672:
3946:
3876:
3804:
3742:
3735:
3710:
3646:
3626:
3621:
3492:
3463:
3357:
3317:
3179:
2808:
Early Edom and Moab: The Beginning of the Iron Age in Southern Jordan
1695:
1671:
1636:
1501:
1323:
1197:
1114:
1096:
1084:
957:
819:
811:
427:
396:
214:
is attested to by numerous archaeological findings, most notably the
3535:
3511:
2334:
2164:
2141:
2118:
1794:
1468:. Jeremiah prophesies that Moab's captivity will be returned in the
3833:
3793:
3605:
3591:
3435:
3395:
3389:
3143:
3137:
3089:
2180:
2088:
Verhandlungen des Zwölften Internationalen Orientalisten-Congresses
1710:
1606:
1544:
1540:
1513:
1308:
1133:
1122:
972:
827:
432:
371:
207:
2293:
1891:
The following is a list of rulers of the ancient kingdom of Moab.
3921:
3720:
3552:
3521:
3459:
3411:
3332:
3268:
3204:
3199:
3159:
3149:
1932:
1915:
1683:
1524:
1520:
1457:
1449:
1385:
1349:), and the marriage of the latter, after her husband's death, to
1326:
1175:, and with the King of Edom. According to the Bible, the prophet
1126:
1032:
897:
in 63 BCE, Moab lost its distinct identity through assimilation.
862:
854:
807:
792:
750:
219:
1282:
to curse them. As a consequence, male Moabites were excluded by
979:. These Amorites, described in the Bible as being ruled by King
3906:
3838:
3828:
3823:
3762:
3757:
3669:
3636:
3562:
3516:
3497:
3425:
3352:
3297:
3287:
3283:
3253:
3247:
3224:
3114:
3109:
3099:
3058:
2957:
A History of Ancient Moab from the Ninth to First Centuries BCE
2648:
1730:
1725:
built a "high place" for Chemosh on the hill before Jerusalem (
1584:
1580:
1532:
1389:
1370:
1291:
1279:
1228:
1176:
1052:
1044:
1036:
894:
866:
850:
784:
203:
199:
161:
2703:
1004:
with the Israelites at Moab before the Israelites entered the
683:
3772:
3752:
3747:
3725:
3675:
3651:
3557:
3545:
3540:
3505:
3482:
3401:
3372:
3307:
3263:
3209:
3189:
1906:
1592:
1576:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1528:
1453:
1427:
1408:
1358:
1338:
1283:
1275:
1160:
980:
961:
934:
878:
800:
777:
746:
727:
692:
677:
667:
663:
376:
287:
271:
234:
218:, which describes the Moabite victory over an unnamed son of
95:
2404:. Religion and Human Rights. Vol. 8. pp. 245–272.
2165:"On the Moabite Inscriptions of Ramesses II at Luxor Temple"
4041:
States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC
3680:
3529:
3473:
3468:
3258:
3231:
3184:
3164:
3104:
1686:, and the Bible refers to them as the "people of Chemosh" (
1374:
1350:
1196:) and later aided Nebuchadnezzar in his expedition against
1156:
1141:
834:), King of Moab, brings tribute to Sargon as his suzerain.
381:
222:
184:
1243:), and their contempt for Israel is once expressly noted (
253:
The etymology of the word Moab is uncertain. The earliest
4036:
States and territories established in the 13th century BC
3567:
2204:"New Moabite inscriptions and their historical relevance"
2142:"Did Ramesses II Wage Campaign against the Land of Moab?"
1456:, it was also due to their gross ingratitude even though
764:
so that they would help him get out of Egyptian control.
187:
1430:'s act of offering his own son (and singular heir) as a
1251:
states that Moab would become "a permanent desolation".
738:
among a series of nations conquered during a campaign.
1670:
says that they induced the Israelites to join in their
741:
Four inscriptions from the time of Ramesses II mention
676:
Moabite sarcophagus in Jordan Archaeological Museum in
2850:
with the language of the Mêša˓ inscription appear in
1411:, Ex. 262). Moab and Ammon were the two offspring of
202:
kingdom whose territory is today located in southern
1132:
At the disruption of the kingdom under the reign of
1031:), but conquered Sihon's kingdom and his capital at
190:
2978:
Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology
2778:"Virtual Karak Resources Project: Historical Study"
2103:"Some New Light on the Asiatic Wars of Ramesses II"
181:
178:
2378:
2292:LaBianca, Oystein S.; Younker, Randall W. (1995).
861:during his campaign against Egypt and the pharaoh
1487:
1415:'s incest with his two daughters as described in
1083:testifies to friendly relations between Moab and
4012:
1403:woman and the other the offspring of a Moabite (
1125:Ruth is regarded as a prototype of a convert to
873:, and in particular against the Qedarites. King
2291:
2163:Darnell, John Coleman; Jasnow, Richard (1993).
905:Early modern travellers in the region included
2600:. Brooklyn, New York: ArtScroll. p. 1187.
1531:are mentioned to the north of Beth-jeshimoth;
3038:
2743:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
2252:
2162:
2044:, region along the Jordan across from Jericho
1773:. Most of our knowledge of it comes from the
1452:for his arrogance and idolatry. According to
643:
2697:
2505:"Torah of Yeshuah: Book of Meqabyan I - III"
1496:the boundaries are given as being marked by
933:According to the biblical account, Moab and
837:Musuri, King of Moab, paid too a tribute to
734:, in the 13th century BCE. The statue lists
2745:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 395.
2612:"Zephaniah 2 Commentary: Gill's Exposition"
2300:. Leicester University Press. p. 114.
2298:The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land
2139:
1369:). The Talmud also states that the prophet
1188:). According to Mesha's inscription on the
818:a revolt against him by Moab together with
3045:
3031:
2804:
2443:The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings
1583:. In the north are a number of long, deep
1357:) who by her was the great-grandfather of
900:
877:seemed to have defeated Ammuladi, king of
650:
636:
64:
59:c. 13th century BCE – c. 400 BCE
2974:
2953:
2829:Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab
2680:
2063:Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab
1879:Learn how and when to remove this message
1769:, and was written using a variant of the
1365:(Hebrew, like all Semitic languages, has
749:of Mount Seir, conducted raids in Egypt.
2937:
2736:
2393:
1322:On the other hand, the marriages of the
1295:prohibition was not followed during the
1121:, whose name means "ruler of Moab". The
1064:
826:, which recounts the expedition against
776:after a successful campaign against the
701:
682:
671:
2947:(Second ed.). London: John Murray.
2825:
2732:
2730:
2660:
2100:
2060:
960:, from which country they expelled the
14:
4013:
2663:"Iron Age Cultic Sites in Transjordan"
2322:
2253:Parker, Samuel; Betlyon, John (2006).
2211:Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages
2085:
2065:. Atlanta: Scholars Press. p. 1.
1713:, at times, especially in dire peril,
1682:). Their chief god seems to have been
1591:, famous as the scene of the death of
1269:
1254:Moab is also made reference to in the
1207:Allusions to Moab are frequent in the
928:
241:, Moab was often in conflict with its
3026:
2539:
2246:
1377:. Another interpretation is that the
1159:in about 853 BCE, the Moabites under
2981:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
2727:
2372:
2201:
1988:
1959:
1817:adding citations to reliable sources
1788:
27:Ancient kingdom East of the Dead Sea
2401:Religion, Citizenship and Democracy
2285:
2107:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
791:(r. 745–727 BCE), the Moabite king
24:
3968:Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
3053:Ancient states and regions in the
2798:
2542:"The Iniquities of Ammon and Moab"
2304:from the original on 9 August 2021
2273:from the original on 10 April 2023
1931:
1264:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
853:. They send building materials to
25:
4072:
2996:
1784:
1422:Jehoshaphet subsequently joined
278:to mean "from the father", since
32:Moorish Science Temple of America
4026:Ancient peoples of the Near East
2394:Ostmeyer, Karl-Heinrich (2021).
2101:Kitchen, K. A. (December 1964).
1793:
1664:ancient Semitic-speaking peoples
1311:, the son of an Ammonite woman,
1307:). The heir of King Solomon was
1286:law from marrying Jewish women.
795:(perhaps the Shalman who sacked
619:
334:
174:
3008:by Archibald Henry Sayce (1895)
2770:
2759:from the original on 2014-06-28
2716:from the original on 2018-12-11
2654:
2633:
2622:
2604:
2590:
2576:
2567:
2533:
2522:
2511:from the original on 2019-09-23
2497:
2486:
2475:from the original on 2021-11-08
2457:
2434:
2387:
2357:from the original on 2020-08-06
2316:
2259:. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 573.
2169:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1804:needs additional citations for
1460:, Israel's ancestor, had saved
806:) is mentioned as tributary to
2737:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (2007).
2237:
2195:
2156:
2133:
2094:
2079:
2054:
1966:
1639:in the tropical depths of the
1488:Boundaries in the Hebrew Bible
1058:assassinated the Moabite king
822:, Judah, and Edom; but on the
302:= "his mother is his father".
13:
1:
2826:Dearman, John Andrew (1989).
2661:Steiner, Margreet L. (2019).
2048:
1894:
1753:was spoken in Moab. It was a
1628:, called the "land of Moab" (
1620:north of the Arnon, opposite
1074:Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld
717:
3220:Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia
2649:https://www.encyclopedia.com
2540:Klein, Reuven Chaim (2015).
2410:10.1007/978-3-030-83277-3_13
1231:, are frequently mentioned (
1091:. By his descent from Ruth,
964:, the original inhabitants (
857:. Moab militarily supported
544:Establishment of the Emirate
248:
7:
2061:Dearman, J. Andrew (1989).
2035:
1744:
1653:
1117:were a clan descended from
767:
585:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
229:, an episode also noted in
10:
4077:
2954:MacDonald, Burton (2020).
2805:Bienkowski, Piotr (1992).
2381:التاريخ الجزء الأول الصف 8
2326:The Biblical Archaeologist
1999:
1167:, who allied himself with
1087:, one of the towns of the
1070:Ruth in the fields of Boaz
893:conquest of the Levant by
884:
661:
605:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
305:
233:. The Moabite capital was
36:
29:
3955:
3849:
3590:
3123:
3065:
2975:Routledge, Bruce (2004).
1976:
1635:) and the district below
1384:The Babylonian Talmud in
157:
153:
143:
139:c. 13th century BCE
133:
129:
121:
111:
101:
91:
83:
63:
58:
46:
4031:Semitic-speaking peoples
3017:Smith's Bible Dictionary
2645:Encyclopedia of Religion
2379:وزارة التربية والتعليم.
2296:. In Thomas Levy (ed.).
1660:ancient Semitic religion
1035:. After the conquest of
923:Louis Félicien de Saulcy
911:Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
245:neighbours to the west.
2931:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2854:' Hebrew grammar, e.g.
2639:Holm, Tawny L. (2005).
2140:Na'aman, Nadav (2006).
1706:or Khirbet al-Mudayna.
1624:and up to the hills of
1464:, Moab's ancestor from
901:19th-century travellers
849:and other kings of the
549:Trans-Jordan memorandum
210:. The existence of the
3813:Luwian-Aramaean states
2549:Jewish Bible Quarterly
2202:Gass, Erasmus (2012).
1076:
975:, who had crossed the
714:
699:
680:
554:Emirate of Transjordan
298:as an abbreviation of
3997:31.50167°N 35.77667°E
3664:Neo-Babylonian Empire
3248:Canaanite city-states
3005:Patriarchal Palestine
1448:, Moab was exiled to
1337:to the Moabite women
1068:
1012:). Moses died there (
907:Ulrich Jasper Seetzen
705:
686:
675:
102:Common languages
39:Moab (disambiguation)
3947:Tanukhid confederacy
3782:New Kingdom of Egypt
3003:Gutenberg E-text of
2846:Many comparisons of
1813:improve this article
1779:El-Kerak Inscription
1297:Babylonian captivity
1258:, a book considered
915:Charles Leonard Irby
841:at the same time as
787:clay inscription of
695:'s wars against the
483:Kingdom of Jerusalem
438:Christian Ghassanids
37:For other uses, see
3993: /
3659:Neo-Assyrian Empire
3442:Paleo-Syrian states
2920:Jacobs, Joseph and
2682:10.3390/rel10030145
2598:Jeremiah 48, Tanach
2146:Göttinger Miszellen
1771:Phoenician alphabet
1757:closely related to
1270:In Jewish tradition
1155:After the death of
1144:which according to
1140:until the death of
1051:). The Benjaminite
929:Biblical narratives
789:Tiglath-pileser III
507:Emirate and mandate
237:. According to the
135:• Established
4002:31.50167; 35.77667
3902:Herodian Tetrarchy
2832:. Scholars Press.
2641:«Moabite Religion»
1755:Canaanite language
1579:or Dimon, and the
1482:Alexander Jannaeus
1394:Deuteronomy 23:3–4
1367:grammatical gender
1335:Mahlon and Chilion
1077:
1022:Deuteronomy 34:6–8
943:Sodom and Gomorrah
715:
709:on display at the
700:
681:
274:explains the word
116:Canaanite religion
3976:
3975:
3917:Nabataean Kingdom
3892:Hasmonean dynasty
3887:Ghassanid Kingdom
3600:Achaemenid Empire
3436:Ib'al Confederacy
3075:Kish civilization
2967:978-1-62837-268-7
2419:978-3-030-83277-3
1960:Explanatory notes
1889:
1888:
1881:
1863:
1781:and a few seals.
1721:). Nevertheless,
1616:). The more open
1444:According to the
1424:Jehoram of Israel
1305:Nehemiah 13:23–25
1249:book of Zephaniah
1209:prophetical books
1163:rebelled against
1150:2 Chronicles 22:1
1138:Kingdom of Israel
1041:tribe of Benjamin
843:Manasseh of Judah
830:, Kammusu-Nadbi (
660:
659:
626:Jordan portal
577:Post-independence
474:Fatimid Caliphate
469:Abbasid Caliphate
464:Umayyad Caliphate
167:
166:
145:• Collapsed
16:(Redirected from
4068:
4061:Canaanite people
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3927:Palmyrene Empire
3897:Herodian kingdom
3871:Byzantine Empire
3686:Israel (Samaria)
3047:
3040:
3033:
3024:
3023:
2992:
2971:
2948:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:Wilhelm Gesenius
2843:
2822:
2811:. J. R. Collis.
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2780:. Archived from
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2658:
2652:
2637:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2529:Deuteronomy 23:4
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2461:
2455:
2454:, 9780825438257.
2438:
2432:
2431:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2208:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2058:
2029:
2001:
1990:
1978:
1970:
1955:
1946:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1821:
1797:
1789:
1751:Moabite language
1715:human sacrifices
1446:Book of Jeremiah
1437:on the walls of
1225:Zephaniah 2:8–11
1173:Kingdom of Judah
1010:Deuteronomy 29:1
1000:God renewed his
947:Genesis 19:37–38
865:. The status of
847:Qosgabar of Edom
652:
645:
638:
624:
623:
622:
610:2011–12 protests
494:Mamluk Sultanate
405:Classical period
338:
328:
310:
309:
257:is found in the
198:) is an ancient
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
149: c. 400 BCE
68:
53:
44:
43:
21:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4056:Former kingdoms
4011:
4010:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3972:
3951:
3942:Sasanian Empire
3937:Seleucid Empire
3932:Parthian Empire
3882:Emesene Dynasty
3845:
3691:Israel (united)
3606:Aramaean states
3586:
3133:Akkadian Empire
3119:
3061:
3051:
2999:
2989:
2968:
2939:Tristram, H. B.
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2848:Biblical Hebrew
2840:
2819:
2801:
2799:Further reading
2796:
2787:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2762:
2760:
2753:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2717:
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2655:
2647:. 30 Jul. 2022
2638:
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2373:
2360:
2358:
2335:10.2307/3210621
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2223:10520/EJC126353
2206:
2200:
2196:
2161:
2157:
2138:
2134:
2119:10.2307/3855742
2099:
2095:
2086:Leyden (1904).
2084:
2080:
2073:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2038:
2033:
2032:
1985:Biblical Hebrew
1971:
1967:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1897:
1885:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1822:
1820:
1810:
1798:
1787:
1759:Biblical Hebrew
1747:
1668:Book of Numbers
1656:
1618:rolling country
1543:to the east of
1490:
1435:human sacrifice
1272:
931:
903:
887:
770:
724:colossal statue
720:
691:describes King
670:
656:
620:
618:
600:Black September
564:Adwan Rebellion
489:Ayyubid dynasty
364:Ancient history
326:
319:
308:
251:
212:Kingdom of Moab
177:
173:
146:
136:
79:
54:
51:
49:
48:Kingdom of Moab
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4074:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3963:Amarna letters
3959:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3863:Roman Republic
3855:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3409:
3404:
3392:
3390:Hittite Empire
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3144:Amorite states
3140:
3135:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3009:
2998:
2997:External links
2995:
2994:
2993:
2987:
2972:
2966:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2918:
2844:
2838:
2823:
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2800:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2769:
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2726:
2696:
2653:
2632:
2621:
2603:
2589:
2586:2 Kings 3:4–27
2575:
2566:
2532:
2521:
2496:
2485:
2456:
2440:Edwin Thiele,
2433:
2418:
2386:
2371:
2315:
2284:
2265:
2245:
2236:
2194:
2181:10.1086/373634
2175:(4): 263–274.
2155:
2132:
2093:
2090:. p. 261.
2078:
2071:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2042:Plains of Moab
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1954:c. 668-633 BCE
1947:
1945:c. 670-668 BCE
1936:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1920:c. 744-727 BCE
1913:
1911:c. 870-840 BCE
1904:
1902:c. 900-870 BCE
1896:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1801:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1785:List of rulers
1783:
1746:
1743:
1739:Ashtar-Chemosh
1655:
1652:
1498:Beth-jeshimoth
1489:
1486:
1405:2 Chron. 24:26
1331:tribe of Judah
1271:
1268:
1241:Zephaniah 2:10
1171:, King of the
1089:tribe of Judah
1049:Judges 3:12–30
930:
927:
902:
899:
886:
883:
871:Arabian desert
814:mentions on a
769:
766:
762:Hittite Empire
719:
716:
707:Al-Balu' Stele
658:
657:
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559:Kura rebellion
556:
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499:Ottoman Empire
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459:Jund al-Urdunn
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3851:Classical Age
3848:
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3612:Aram-Damascus
3610:
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3170:First Babylon
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2988:9780812238013
2984:
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2960:. SBL Press.
2959:
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2922:Louis H. Gray
2919:
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2849:
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2841:
2839:9781555403577
2835:
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2820:
2818:9780906090459
2814:
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2809:
2803:
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2784:on 2012-09-17
2783:
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2754:
2752:9780802837851
2748:
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2715:
2711:
2710:Glottolog 4.3
2707:
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2555:(2): 93–100.
2554:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2525:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2493:Zephaniah 2:9
2489:
2474:
2470:
2469:Bible Gateway
2466:
2460:
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2452:0-8254-3825-X
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2266:9780884022985
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2072:9781555403577
2068:
2064:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2028:
2025:: 𓈗𓇋𓃀𓅱𓈉
2024:
2020:
2016:
2013:, 𒈠𒀪𒁀𒀀𒀀
2012:
2009:: 𒈬𒀪𒁀𒀀𒀀
2008:
2004:
1997:
1996:Ancient Greek
1993:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1951:
1948:
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1840:
1837:
1833:
1830: –
1829:
1825:
1824:Find sources:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1802:This section
1800:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1742:
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1735:2 Kings 23:13
1732:
1728:
1724:
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1716:
1712:
1709:According to
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
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1689:
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1641:Jordan valley
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1417:Gen. 19:30–38
1414:
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1317:1 Kings 14:21
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1056:Ehud ben Gera
1054:
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1006:Promised Land
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986:
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978:
974:
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948:
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937:were born to
936:
926:
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919:James Mangles
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832:Chemosh-nadab
829:
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798:
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711:Jordan Museum
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454:Bilad al-Sham
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266:Genesis 19:37
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158:Today part of
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67:
62:
57:
45:
40:
33:
19:
4046:Torah places
3978:
3867:Roman Empire
3859:Ancient Rome
3811:
3786:
3705:
3668:
3604:
3572:
3528:
3504:
3440:
3394:
3246:
3142:
3085:Chagar Bazar
3015:
3004:
2977:
2956:
2943:
2929:
2828:
2807:
2786:. Retrieved
2782:the original
2772:
2761:. Retrieved
2742:
2718:. Retrieved
2709:
2699:
2672:
2666:
2656:
2644:
2635:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2592:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2552:
2548:
2535:
2524:
2513:. Retrieved
2499:
2488:
2477:. Retrieved
2468:
2459:
2441:
2436:
2400:
2389:
2380:
2374:
2365:
2359:. Retrieved
2325:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2297:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2255:
2248:
2239:
2217:(1): 45–78.
2214:
2210:
2197:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2087:
2081:
2062:
2056:
2026:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1991:
1980:
1968:
1927:, c. 704 BCE
1900:Kamōš-ayat,
1890:
1875:
1866:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1823:
1811:Please help
1806:verification
1803:
1748:
1727:1 Kings 11:7
1723:King Solomon
1719:2 Kings 3:27
1708:
1657:
1604:
1510:Isaiah 15–16
1504:(east), and
1494:Ezekiel 25:9
1491:
1474:
1443:
1432:propitiatory
1421:
1398:
1383:
1379:Book of Ruth
1362:
1355:Ruth 4:10–13
1321:
1288:
1273:
1253:
1237:Jer 48:11–29
1217:Ezek 25:8–11
1206:
1202:2 Kings 24:2
1182:
1154:
1146:E. R. Thiele
1131:
1108:1 Chronicles
1081:Book of Ruth
1078:
1069:
1029:Judges 11:18
1026:
999:
977:river Jordan
951:
932:
921:(1818), and
904:
888:
859:Assurbanipal
836:
824:Taylor prism
782:
771:
759:
742:
740:
735:
721:
569:Ikhwan raids
534:Arab Kingdom
391:
299:
295:
292:Fritz Hommel
279:
275:
270:
252:
239:Hebrew Bible
211:
169:
168:
4000: /
3632:Bit Bahiani
3417:Tell Hadidi
1925:Kamōš-nadab
1869:August 2023
1775:Mesha Stele
1680:Judges 10:6
1662:like other
1630:Deuteronomy
1597:Deuteronomy
1565:Kirhareseth
1470:end of days
1439:Kir of Moab
1327:Ephrathites
1190:Mesha Stele
1169:Jehoshaphat
1119:Pahath-Moab
966:Deuteronomy
839:Assarhaddon
732:Ramesses II
730:by pharaoh
726:erected at
689:Mesha stele
539:Interregnum
525:Sykes–Picot
520:Arab Revolt
446:Islamic era
356:Ghassulians
351:'Ain Ghazal
325:History of
259:Koine Greek
216:Mesha Stele
4015:Categories
3988:35°46′36″E
3985:31°30′06″N
3819:Carchemish
3800:Nabataeans
3617:Aram Rehob
3385:Carchemish
3195:Third Mari
3175:Third Ebla
3125:Bronze Age
3080:Tell Halaf
3067:Copper Age
3012:Moab entry
2788:2011-05-16
2763:2016-03-01
2720:2020-10-24
2675:(3): 145.
2515:2019-11-10
2479:2021-11-08
2361:2018-03-19
2049:References
1950:Kamōš-ʿaśa
1839:newspapers
1672:sacrifices
1666:, and the
1633:1:5; 32:49
1589:Mount Nebo
1537:Beth-gamul
1506:Kiriathaim
1347:Ruth 1:2–4
1301:Ezra 9:1–2
1278:and hired
1256:2 Meqabyan
1245:Jer. 48:27
1221:Amos 2:1–3
1045:Amalekites
954:Wadi Mujib
889:After the
875:Kamōš-ʿaśa
816:clay prism
797:Beth-arbel
755:Canaanites
718:Bronze Age
697:Israelites
662:See also:
515:Hashemites
418:Hasmoneans
413:Nabataeans
343:Prehistory
284:Israelites
262:Septuagint
3912:Macedonia
3877:Commagene
3805:Qedarites
3743:Phoenicia
3711:Philistia
3627:Bit Agusi
3622:Bit-Adini
3464:Tall Bazi
3358:Phoenicia
3328:Jerusalem
3180:Ekallatum
2706:"Moabite"
2691:2077-1444
2668:Religions
2561:0792-3910
2428:245688505
2351:163824020
2231:0259-0131
2189:0022-2968
2113:: 47–70.
2017:, 𒈠𒀪𒀊
1696:Deir Alla
1692:Jer 48:46
1688:Num 21:29
1637:sea level
1502:Baal-meon
1500:(north),
1478:Hasmonean
1324:Bethlehem
1260:canonical
1213:Isa 25:10
1198:Jehoiakim
1186:2 Kings 3
1115:Babylonia
1097:King Saul
1085:Bethlehem
1014:Deut 34:5
958:Wadi Hasa
820:Philistia
812:Sargon II
778:Ammonites
428:Tanukhids
397:Qedarites
288:Ammonites
249:Etymology
243:Israelite
231:2 Kings 3
200:Levantine
112:Religion
3834:Palistin
3794:Itureans
3592:Iron Age
3396:Hurrians
3138:Alashiya
3090:Hamoukar
2941:(1874).
2757:Archived
2714:Archived
2616:Biblehub
2509:Archived
2473:Archived
2355:Archived
2302:Archived
2271:Archived
2152:: 63–69.
2036:See also
2023:Egyptian
2007:Assyrian
1979:
1933:Assyrian
1895:Iron Age
1763:Ammonite
1745:Language
1711:II Kings
1676:Num 25:2
1654:Religion
1607:Amorites
1571:are the
1545:Baalmeon
1541:Mephaath
1519:, where
1514:Jeremiah
1329:(of the
1309:Rehoboam
1233:Isa 16:6
1134:Rehoboam
1101:2 Samuel
1018:mourning
1002:covenant
973:Amorites
925:(1851).
913:(1812),
909:(1805),
828:Hezekiah
768:Iron Age
595:1967 War
590:1948 War
433:Salihids
372:Amorites
316:a series
314:Part of
294:regards
208:Dead Sea
87:Monarchy
18:Moabites
4051:Vayeira
3956:Sources
3922:Osroene
3721:Ascalon
3696:Jericho
3574:Nuhašše
3522:Suteans
3460:Armanum
3412:Mitanni
3407:Nuhašše
3368:Shechem
3348:Megiddo
3343:Lakisha
3333:Kenites
3323:Jericho
3303:Dimasqu
3274:Aštartu
3269:Ascalon
3205:Palmyra
3160:Andarig
3150:Alalakh
3095:Jericho
3057:of the
3055:history
2618:. 2023.
2343:3210621
2308:16 June
2127:3855742
1973:Moabite
1916:Salmanu
1853:scholar
1767:Edomite
1700:Damiyah
1684:Chemosh
1645:Numbers
1622:Jericho
1614:1:1,2,6
1585:ravines
1525:Elealeh
1521:Heshbon
1458:Abraham
1450:Babylon
1400:Jehoash
1386:Yevamot
1262:in the
1165:Jehoram
1127:Judaism
1123:Moabite
1033:Heshbon
985:Numbers
885:Decline
863:Taharqa
855:Nineveh
808:Assyria
793:Salmanu
783:In the
751:Pharaoh
306:History
300:Immo-ab
122:History
106:Moabite
92:Capital
78:rivers.
3907:Iturea
3839:Pattin
3829:Luhuti
3824:Kummuh
3763:Tartus
3716:Ashdod
3670:Canaan
3647:Sam'al
3642:Hamath
3637:Geshur
3563:Ugarit
3553:Tadmor
3536:ʿApiru
3517:Aḫlamū
3512:ʿApiru
3498:Tuttul
3453:Aleppo
3426:Naziba
3363:Qadesh
3353:Midian
3338:Kumidi
3313:Gibeon
3293:Beruta
3288:Hauran
3284:Bashan
3279:Azzati
3254:Amalek
3225:Yamhad
3215:Ṭābetu
3200:Mukish
3155:Amurru
3115:Urkesh
3110:Ugarit
3100:Byblos
3059:Levant
2985:
2964:
2926:"Moab"
2917:, etc.
2836:
2815:
2749:
2739:"Moab"
2689:
2559:
2450:
2426:
2416:
2349:
2341:
2277:3 July
2263:
2229:
2187:
2125:
2069:
2027:Mū'ībū
2011:Mu'abâ
1989:מוֹאָב
1977:𐤌𐤀𐤁
1943:, fl.
1941:Muṣuri
1935:period
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1828:"Moab"
1826:
1731:Josiah
1704:Ataruz
1626:Gilead
1600:34:1–8
1587:, and
1581:Nimrim
1575:, the
1563:, and
1547:; and
1539:, and
1533:Madaba
1527:, and
1390:Balaam
1371:Samuel
1313:Naamah
1303:, 12;
1292:Talmud
1280:Balaam
1177:Elisha
1053:shofet
1037:Canaan
992:Judges
895:Pompey
867:vassal
851:Levant
785:Nimrud
387:Israel
327:Jordan
318:on the
227:Israel
204:Jordan
162:Jordan
125:
84:Status
52:𐤌𐤀𐤁
3788:Arabs
3773:Sidon
3758:Gebal
3753:Arwad
3748:Amrit
3726:Ekron
3701:Judah
3676:Ammon
3652:Zobah
3558:Tunip
3546:Shutu
3541:Shasu
3506:Suhum
3493:Nagar
3483:Terqa
3479:Khana
3402:Urshu
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