2916:
3103:
6824:
2518:
4213:
7109:
341:
6905:
6987:
4470:
6876:
7025:
7121:
6627:
7001:
6591:
4610:. This is the only instance in the world where the monarch of a state is elected by the citizens of a different country. In New Zealand, the Maori King, head of the Kingitanga Movement, is elected by a council of Maori elders at the funeral of their predecessor, which is also where their coronation takes place. All of the Heads of the Maori King Movement have been descendants of the first Maori King, Potatau Te Wherowhero, who was elected and became King in June 1858. The current monarch is King
6973:
7153:
6771:
6687:
6850:
6711:
7097:
7085:
6917:
5869:
2179:
1575:
5911:
6959:
3623:
6322:(parliament) proposes, while the Landtag can veto any law that the Prince tries to pass. The prince can appoint or dismiss any elective member or government employee. However, he is not an absolute monarch, as the people can call for a referendum to end the monarch's reign. When Hereditary Prince Alois threatened to veto a referendum to legalize abortion in 2011, it came as a surprise because the prince had not vetoed any law for over 30 years. The
4316:
7073:
6889:
6615:
6747:
6639:
5030:
7049:
7037:
6838:
6579:
6675:
6663:
4849:
4409:
145:
7133:
7013:
6945:
6862:
6785:
6651:
6699:
6603:
6797:
6759:
2738:
3334:
6931:
4951:
4808:
247:
45:
6735:
7061:
6810:
6723:
86:
4288:, in which the eldest child of the monarch is first in line to become monarch, is the most common system in hereditary monarchy. The order of succession is usually affected by rules on gender. Historically "agnatic primogeniture" or "patrilineal primogeniture" was favoured, that is inheritance according to seniority of birth among the sons of a monarch or
6479:, as dual heads of state. This was originally intended to provide a check on political power. The Ngwenyama, however, is considered the administrative head of state, while the Ndlovukati is considered the spiritual and national head of state, a position which more or less has become symbolic in recent years.
4365:
In the absence of children, the next most senior member of the collateral line (for example, a younger sibling of the previous monarch) becomes monarch. In complex cases, this can mean that there are closer blood relatives to the deceased monarch than the next in line according to primogeniture. This
2895:
According to a 2020 study, monarchy arose as a system of governance because of an efficiency in governing large populations and expansive territories during periods when coordinating such populations was difficult. The authors argue that monarchy declined as an efficient regime type with innovations
8114:
Sovereignty has a domestic and an external component. Domestically, a written constitution claims a nationally defined community of equal citizens as the political (and moral) foundation of the state and foresees some institutional representation of this community (not necessarily a freely elected
6390:
generally retain far more powers than their
European or Commonwealth counterparts. Brunei Darussalam, Oman, and Saudi Arabia remain absolute monarchies; Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and United Arab Emirates are classified as mixed, meaning there are representative bodies of some kind, but the monarch
6512:. At the time the constitution was adopted, it was anticipated that future heads of state would be chosen from among the four Tama a 'Aiga "royal" paramount chiefs. However, this is not required by the constitution, and, for this reason, Samoa can be considered a republic rather than a
4389:, succession to the throne first passes to the monarch's next eldest brother, and only after that to the monarch's children (agnatic seniority). However, on June 21, 2017, King Salman of Saudi Arabi revolted against this style of monarchy and elected his son to inherit the throne.
3539:). However, Thomas Aquinas also stated that the ideal monarchical system would also have at lower levels of government both an aristocracy and elements of democracy in order to create a balance of power. The monarch would also be subject to both natural and divine law, and to the
4292:, with sons and their male issue inheriting before brothers and their male issue, to the total exclusion of females and descendants through females from succession. This complete exclusion of females from dynastic succession is commonly referred to as application of the
7739:
4495:) for life or a defined period, but then reign like any other monarch. There is no popular vote involved in elective monarchies, as the elective body usually consists of a small number of eligible people. Historical examples of elective monarchy are the
2938:, in which monarchs reign for life and the responsibilities and power of the position pass to their child or another member of their family when they die. Most monarchs, both historically and in the modern-day, have been born and brought up within a
7688:
a government having a chief of state who is not a monarch ... a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to
7717:
a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them. ... a state in which the head of government is not a monarch or other hereditary head of
4296:. Another variation on agnatic primogeniture was the so-called semi-Salic law, or "agnatic-cognatic primogeniture", which allowed women to succeed only at the extinction of all the male descendants in the male line of the particular legislator.
2708:). Polybius originally understood monarchy as a component of republics, but since antiquity monarchy has contrasted with forms of republic, where executive power is wielded by free citizens and their assemblies. The 4th-century BCE Hindu text
4299:
Before primogeniture was enshrined in
European law and tradition, kings would often secure the succession by having their successor (usually their eldest son) crowned during their own lifetime, so for a time there would be two kings in
7572:, p.23, "In later Vedic texts, the frequency of the word "dharma" decreased and its connotations shrank; it came to be especially connected with kingship and with the royal consecration ritual known as the rājasūya."
6342:, are theoretically very powerful within their small states, but they have very limited power compared to the Islamic monarchs (see below). They also own huge tracts of land and are shareholders in many companies.
11807:
7731:
6423:
came into power. The monarchy was subsequently restored in the peace agreement of 1993. Thailand transitioned into a constitutional monarchy over the course of the 20th century. Japan has had a monarchy, an
8625:
Bong Youn Choy. A history of the Korean reunification movement: its issues and prospects. Research
Committee on Korean Reunification, Institute of International Studies, Bradley University, 1984. Pp. 117.
11801:
10465:
3531:
In the
Western political tradition, a morally based, balanced monarchy was stressed as the ideal form of government, and little attention was paid to modern-day ideals of egalitarian democracy: e.g.
11583:
10937:
7339:(often translated as "King"), is elected to serve a five-year term. However, he is elected from among the federation's subnational monarchies, each of whom inherit their position and rule for life.
6250:
are fully democratic states in which the monarch has a limited or largely ceremonial role. Some countries have established a
Christian religion as the official church. This is the Lutheran form of
6202:
that retain the King as head of state. All fifteen realms are constitutional monarchies and full democracies where the King has limited powers or a largely ceremonial role. The King is head of the
4334:
became the first monarchy to declare equal (full cognatic) primogeniture, meaning that the eldest child of the monarch, whether female or male, ascends to the throne. Other kingdoms (such as the
10470:
4105:
that exist there are not provided for in the current constitution, they are nevertheless legally recognised aspects of the structure of governance that operates in the nation. For example, the
2907:. The prospect of retaining the ruler appeals to opposition groups who value both democracy and stability, but it also has implications for their ability to organize and sustain mass protest."
10891:
10389:
10839:
11066:
7660:, according to the modern usage of the word, signifies a political community which is not under monarchical government ... in which one person does not possess the entire sovereign power.
11685:
11680:
10807:
5954:
11921:
3046:
is established when a person claims the monarchy without any historical ties to a previous dynasty. There are examples of republican leaders who have proclaimed themselves monarchs:
11100:
11088:
11949:
11795:
11710:
11700:
6415:
are constitutional monarchies where the monarch has a limited or merely ceremonial role. Bhutan made the change in 2008. Cambodia had its own monarchy after independence from the
6262:(Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Greek Orthodoxy, Judaism, and Islam), a status which gives those religions some privileges like the payment of a state salary to their priests.
3250:, the council of all free citizens; military service was often linked with citizenship among the male members of the royal house. The military has dominated the monarch in modern
11690:
10797:
6119:
Currently, there are 43 nations and a population of roughly half a billion people in the world with a monarch as head of state. They fall roughly into the following categories:
11705:
11695:
10823:
11015:
3203:
exhibit fewer parliamentary powers or simply monarchs with more authority. The term "parliamentary monarchy" may be used to differentiate from semi-constitutional monarchies.
6391:
retains most of his powers. Jordan, Malaysia, and
Morocco are constitutional monarchies, but their monarchs still retain more substantial powers than European equivalents.
11106:
11078:
6501:
describes itself as a "sovereign subject" based on its unique history and unusual present circumstances, but its exact status in international law is a subject of debate.
3349:
Most monarchies only have a single person acting as monarch at any given time, although two monarchs have ruled simultaneously in some countries, a situation known as
10925:
2993:" refers to the wife of a reigning king. Rule may be hereditary in practice without being considered a monarchy: there have been some family dictatorships (and also
10393:
5994:
11675:
10903:
10854:
8001:
826:
10229:
6494:
and Bishop of Rome; he is an elected rather than a hereditary ruler, and does not have to be a citizen of the territory prior to his election by the cardinals.
11725:
11264:
11254:
10714:
11441:
11172:
11166:
11160:
11154:
11148:
11142:
11130:
2317:, though not inherent to monarchies, often function as the pool of persons from which the monarch is chosen, and to fill the constituting institutions (e.g.
10897:
4720:
This is especially employed to legitimize and settle disputed successions, changes in ways of succession, status of a monarch (e.g. as in the case of the
3445:
are sometimes described as being in a personal union with King
Charles III as monarch; however, they can also be described as being in a shared monarchy.
3430:
from the French kings, who themselves inherited the title from the counts of Foix). It is the only case in which an independent country's (co-)monarch is
10720:
7649:
5897:
2892:, the hereditary monarch has more political influence than any other single source of authority in the state, even if it is by a constitutional mandate.
7735:
13889:
11861:
8509:
6258:
country. Spain, Belgium, and the
Netherlands have no official state religion. Luxembourg, which is predominantly Roman Catholic, has five so-called
4039:
A non-sovereign monarchy is one where the monarch is subject to a temporal authority higher than their own. Some are dependent on other powers (see
4571:
2903:
better than other forms of autocratic rule: "Monarchies can democratize without destabilizing the leadership through transitioning to a democratic
11720:
8639:
6108:
4094:
that were met by the colonialists when they first arrived on the continent are now constitutionally protected as regional or sectional entities.
12043:
5987:: Executive president is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature
3535:
unapologetically declared: "Tyranny is wont to occur not less but more frequently on the basis of polyarchy than on the basis of monarchy." (
6326:
has simpler powers; he cannot appoint or dismiss any elective member or government employee to or from his or her post, but he can elect the
6428:, according to legend, since Emperor Jimmu (reigned 660–585 BCE), making it the world's oldest existing monarchy. After their defeat in the
6284:
one is elected by citizens of a foreign country (France), but not by
Andorrans as they cannot vote in the French presidential elections; and
10634:
9277:
9105:
9020:
8759:
8483:
7222:
6309:
4797:
4129:
In addition to these five countries, non-sovereign monarchies of varied sizes and complexities exist all over the rest of the continent of
2854:
2379:
3441:, separate independent states share the same person as monarch, but each realm retains separate laws and government. The fifteen separate
4282:
or bloodline. This usually means that the heir to the throne is known well in advance of becoming monarch to ensure a smooth succession.
2827:
With the rise of republicanism, a diverse division between republicanism developed in the 19th-century politics (such as anti-monarchist
8699:
12833:
12474:
4587:
2207:
8375:
10589:
5114:
3312:
was officially a monarchy, although there was no monarch on the throne. Upon his death, Franco was succeeded as head of state by the
7591:
By about 5000 b.c.e. many
Sudanic peoples had formed small monarchies ruled by kings who were viewed as divine or semidivine beings.
2869:, who retain a unique legal and ceremonial role but exercise limited or no political power under a constitution. Many are so-called
13018:
11321:
9174:
7227:
6464:
in Europe. Of these, Lesotho and Tonga are constitutional monarchies, while Eswatini and the Vatican City are absolute monarchies.
5328:
4780:
through the above, for example proof of accession like insignia, through treaties or a claim of a divine mandate to rule (e.g. by
2405:
Some countries have preserved the title of (say) "kingdom" while dispensing with an official serving monarch (note the example of
13626:
12928:
11830:
11036:
9492:
5890:
1467:
4176:
to create a state identity, which is to be carried and occupied by the monarch, but represents the monarchy even in absence and
13047:
8764:
7232:
4241:
4231:
2391:
1433:
3004:
The principal advantage of hereditary monarchy is the immediate continuity of leadership (as evidenced in the classic phrase "
2588:
From earliest records, monarchs could be directly hereditary, while others were elected from among eligible members. With the
13035:
10559:
10530:
9544:
9099:
8350:
8187:
7777:
7552:
7525:
6339:
3984:
3005:
1060:
1034:
9509:
8729:
8115:
parliament). Internal sovereignty thus stands in opposition to dynasticism, theocracy, feudal privilege, and mass slavery.
4675:, a will of the previous monarch or treaties between factions inside and outside of a monarchy (e.g. as in the case of the
1603:
3232:(slave soldiers) deposed Caliphs once they became prominent, allowing new ones to come to power. The Hellenistic kings of
2915:
13939:
13736:
13646:
11506:
11467:
10862:
10595:
9997:
6101:
4102:
4010:
1019:
619:
13761:
11462:
10801:
2896:
in communications and transportation technology, as the efficiency of monarchy relative to other regime types declined.
2398:
unique legal and ceremonial roles for monarchs exercising limited or no political power, similar to heads of state in a
12036:
10571:
10002:
6300:
is a monarchy where the monarch rules according to a democratic constitution but still retains substantial powers. The
5883:
4913:
4508:
209:
2842:. In the following 20th century many countries abolished the monarchy and became republics, especially in the wake of
2816:. As such republics have become the opposing and alternative form of government to monarchy, despite some having seen
742:
11125:
9267:
8575:
8043:
7620:
6498:
5012:
4994:
4932:
4885:
4835:
4634:
4567:
4456:
3574:
3087:
2923:
2552:. In some parts of the world, chiefdoms became monarchies. Some of the oldest recorded and evidenced monarchies were
2075:
308:
290:
228:
181:
126:
72:
8088:
Wimmer, Andreas; Feinstein, Yuval (October 8, 2010). "The Rise of the Nation-State across the World, 1816 to 2001".
6546:
or a "hereditary dictatorship". In 2013, Clause 2 of Article 10 of the new edited Ten Fundamental Principles of the
4976:
4438:
4017:). Also, after a monarchy is deposed, often former monarchs and their descendants are given alternative titles (the
2450:
272:
13706:
12156:
10337:
9812:
7114:
6274:
6179:
3415:
1681:
11535:
8058:"Semi presidential systems and semi constitutional monarchies: A historical assessment of executive power-sharing"
13929:
12662:
12513:
11589:
11577:
11082:
10931:
10885:
10691:
9210:
8754:
7202:
5768:
3321:
3091:
1474:
1065:
4892:
4524:
861:
188:
13863:
13716:
12602:
11054:
9789:
9292:
8239:
8223:
6094:
5575:
5530:
4961:
4870:
4434:
4157:
or constitution is not necessary in a monarchy since a person, the monarch, binds the separate territories and
2817:
2774:
2200:
2070:
1848:
1696:
1189:
782:
257:
166:
11836:
10953:
10832:
5079:
4358:
adopted absolute (equal) primogeniture (subject to the claims of existing heirs) on April 25, 2013, following
2364:
through personal association with the monarch, which is a common reason for monarchs carrying several titles.
13903:
13776:
12998:
12029:
10536:
10512:
10494:
9626:
8670:
5401:
4676:
3389:
3273:
2609:
2085:
410:
340:
2540:
is prehistoric. Chiefdoms provided the concept of state formation, which started with civilizations such as
13801:
13796:
13490:
12528:
12161:
11595:
11274:
10280:
9262:
9250:
8769:
7252:
7247:
4755:
4633:; however, it was soon changed to semi-Salic because the instability of the appointment system resulted in
3162:
2801:
and the US, lectured by Clara on God's approval of monarchy" and on the influence women can exert on men.
1834:
1666:
1637:
901:
11842:
11386:
11380:
11374:
11368:
11362:
11356:
4899:
4659:
Other ways to succeed to a monarchy can be through claiming alternative votes (e.g. as in the case of the
4618:, the first Maori Queen. As well as being King and head of the Kingitanga Movement, King Tuheitia is also
4126:
from amongst a finite collection of royal princes of the realm upon the death or removal of an incumbent.
2899:
According to a 2023 study, monarchy has persisted as a regime type because it can accommodate demands for
195:
13816:
13811:
13596:
11094:
10726:
10143:
10057:
9952:
9867:
9784:
9282:
9154:
9009:
8030:
6444:
Four monarchies do not fit into any of the above groups by virtue of geography or class of monarchy: the
6335:
6277:. This situation, based on historical precedence, has created a peculiar situation among monarchies, as:
5997:: Head of government (president or directory) is elected by the legislature, but is not accountable to it
5595:
5110:
4018:
3233:
2138:
1251:
11741:
11258:
10744:
8469:
8057:
7895:
3102:
2505:, "ruler, chief"). It referred to a single at least nominally absolute ruler. In current usage the word
2257:
13944:
12481:
12141:
11518:
11407:
10816:
10411:
10290:
10205:
9794:
9692:
7487:
7426:
7237:
7217:
6692:
6547:
6327:
6235:
5984:
5416:
1671:
1642:
1423:
1246:
1055:
935:
17:
12798:
11304:
9982:
8649:
7975:
7732:"Korean Monarch Kim Jong Il: Technocrat Ruler of the Hermit Kingdom Facing the Challenge of Modernity"
604:
12845:
12788:
12373:
11752:
11747:
11048:
10612:
10488:
10383:
10260:
9947:
9882:
9872:
9857:
9192:
9139:
9049:
7790:
Gerring, John; Wig, Tore; Veenendaal, Wouter; Weitzel, Daniel; Teorell, Jan; Kikuta, Kyosuke (2020).
7586:
6313:
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4504:
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3242:
2549:
2193:
1798:
1428:
1283:
1029:
689:
177:
162:
58:
33:
10946:
10082:
6558:
absolute monarchy, as the country's official name is the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The
4582:
or Paramount Ruler, is elected for a five-year term from among and by the hereditary rulers (mostly
2985:). While most monarchs in history have been male, many female monarchs also have reigned. The term "
634:
13686:
11758:
11715:
11490:
11473:
11197:
10565:
10459:
10430:
9702:
9682:
9647:
9600:
9554:
8906:
8722:
6520:
5166:
4785:
4650:
4419:
4009:
Sometimes titles are used to express claims to territories that are not held in fact (for example,
3361:. There are examples of joint sovereignty of spouses, parent and child or other relatives (such as
3075:
3043:
2597:
2593:
2304:
1913:
1803:
1596:
772:
722:
529:
104:
10360:
7760:
W. Veenendaal, "Monarchy and Democracy in Small States: An Ambiguous Symbiosis," in S. Wolf, ed.,
2509:
usually refers to a traditional system of hereditary rule, as elective monarchies are quite rare.
2492:
871:
13666:
13586:
13003:
12592:
12503:
11446:
11268:
10583:
10547:
10524:
9580:
9272:
9255:
9245:
9220:
9064:
8790:
8035:
7357:
6513:
6297:
6199:
6019:
5934:
5824:
5391:
5056:
5047:
4972:
4859:
4423:
3990:
3961:
3555:
3200:
3139:
3051:
2904:
2866:
2261:
1843:
1145:
752:
420:
268:
155:
13400:
7651:
The Standard Library Cyclopedia of Political, Constitutional, Statistical and Forensic Knowledge
6052:: Committee of military leaders controls the government; constitutional provisions are suspended
4614:, who was elected and became King on 21 August 2006, the same day as the funeral of his mother,
12993:
12973:
12823:
12493:
12121:
11954:
11653:
10983:
10399:
10300:
10215:
10062:
9774:
9707:
9575:
9524:
9456:
9356:
9346:
9144:
9079:
8886:
8815:
6416:
6059:
6009:
5944:
5839:
5406:
4777:
4751:
4727:
4654:
4528:
4520:
4222:
4158:
4034:
3362:
3285:
3107:
3079:
2750:
2464:
2399:
2273:
2080:
2022:
1968:
1516:
1263:
1024:
831:
487:
12860:
3853:
3847:
13147:
13102:
12913:
12508:
11191:
10738:
10679:
10285:
10265:
10245:
10108:
10072:
10027:
9972:
9764:
9759:
9534:
9481:
9306:
9215:
9184:
9124:
9074:
8856:
8846:
8456:
7336:
7292:
7187:
7172:
6881:
6509:
6171:
5834:
5697:
5294:
4664:
4607:
4602:
has a unique constitutional arrangement as one of its heads of state is the President of the
4579:
4250:
3519:
3497:
3338:
3209:
3193:. A monarch's powers and influence will depend on tradition, precedent, popular opinion, and
3063:
2927:
2778:
2715:
2625:
2371:
1900:
1733:
1349:
1293:
925:
368:
12963:
9436:
8510:"Princess Sikhanyiso Dlamini of Eswatini is looking to the future while embracing her roots"
7638:, ed. Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements and Isobel Grundy, (London: Batsford, 1990), p. 272.
3071:
856:
644:
13656:
13536:
13305:
13112:
12953:
12880:
12572:
12533:
12518:
12052:
10918:
10768:
10708:
10685:
10553:
10506:
10330:
10270:
10189:
10153:
10103:
9962:
9887:
9672:
9549:
9341:
9116:
9094:
9089:
9054:
8996:
7385:
6992:
6387:
5923:
4595:
4563:
4320:
4305:
4123:
3570:
3032:
2828:
2746:
2517:
2478:
2010:
1881:
1871:
1856:
1783:
1701:
1376:
1006:
995:
945:
906:
896:
13127:
8127:
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Peter (2000). "The constitutional economics of autocratic succession".
7381:
6432:, Japan was forced into limiting the power of the Emperor, giving almost all of it to the
846:
836:
654:
8:
13846:
13726:
13696:
13616:
13142:
13082:
12403:
12323:
11624:
11280:
11072:
10909:
10577:
10405:
10295:
10240:
10077:
10067:
10052:
10042:
10007:
9937:
9852:
9822:
9769:
9486:
9240:
9235:
9134:
9129:
8896:
8851:
8810:
8715:
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also chooses its federal leaders from among emirs of the federated states. Furthermore,
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is elected for life tenure by the Council Complete of State from within its members. In
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currently is the world's only constitutional diarchy, a co-principality. Located in the
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Head of government (president) is popularly elected and independent of the legislature
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State Size Matters: Politik und Recht I'm Kontext von Kleinstaatlichkeit und Monarchie
7672:
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is a claimant to an abolished throne or a throne already occupied by somebody else.
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9381:
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9059:
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8433:
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8175:
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8002:"The Central African Republic, where Emperor Bokassa ruled with violence and greed"
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7803:
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7353:
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the other, the bishop of Urgell, is appointed by a foreign head of state, the pope.
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891:
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502:
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in France. Sometimes, however, primogeniture can operate through the female line.
3640:. Common European titles of monarchs (in that hierarchical order of nobility) are
3554:, a spiritualised, imperial Catholic monarchy is strongly promoted according to a
2634:
identified monarchy as one of three "benign" basic forms of government (monarchy,
264:
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Head of government is elected or nominated by and accountable to the legislature
5873:
5846:
5702:
5692:
5489:
5386:
4637:. In this system, the monarch chooses the successor, who is always his relative.
4591:
4547:
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4165:
4060:
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3309:
2943:
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2394:. Most of the modern monarchies are constitutional monarchies, retaining under a
2318:
2183:
2165:
1990:
1975:
1579:
1150:
1078:
1042:
974:
881:
876:
821:
694:
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614:
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7769:
3146:. In most current constitutional monarchies, the monarch is mainly a ceremonial
2367:
Monarchies were the most common form of government until the 20th century, when
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3532:
3525:
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3277:
3178:
3124:
2723:
2444:
2353:
2061:
1980:
1934:
1876:
1388:
1310:
816:
574:
497:
452:
27:
Form of government ruled by a monarch; or a polity with this form of government
8140:
6486:
is the absolute monarch of the Vatican City State (a separate entity from the
3841:
3123:, with absolute power over the state and government—for example, the right to
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7807:
7373:
6855:
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6251:
6206:(the established church of England), while the other 14 realms do not have a
5974:
5738:
5633:
5535:
5525:
5366:
4827:
4285:
4270:, the position of monarch is inherited according to a statutory or customary
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4110:
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3419:
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2885:
2809:
2755:
2683:
2639:
2621:
2545:
2345:
2337:
2237:
2225:
1985:
1963:
1938:
1768:
1506:
1401:
1381:
1371:
1184:
709:
699:
639:
599:
594:
435:
108:
64:
9431:
8552:
8535:
7848:
7701:
7483:
7458:
4113:
in south-western Nigeria is something of an elective monarchy: its reigning
2260:
and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (
13786:
13470:
13460:
13450:
13315:
13310:
13250:
13225:
13195:
13190:
13097:
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9514:
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6829:
6716:
6632:
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6383:
6227:
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4275:
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4079:
4048:
3909:
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3573:
is a head of state who is both the absolute monarch of the country and the
3566:
3477:
3337:
Postcard of ruling monarchs, taken in 1908, between February (accession of
3213:
3186:
3170:
3143:
2939:
2847:
2832:
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1241:
1206:
990:
811:
684:
649:
507:
7864:
7152:
4370:, to conflict between the principle of primogeniture and the principle of
1300:
13485:
13480:
13415:
13410:
13260:
13132:
13087:
13077:
12870:
12865:
12803:
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8272:
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states that the party and revolution must be carried "eternally" by the "
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6175:
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5228:
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4398:
4367:
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4115:
4068:
3626:
3562:" is emphasised against the priestly claims of the rival papal ideology.
3559:
3509:
3505:
3453:
3305:
3158:
3154:
3083:
2962:
are often trained for their expected future responsibilities as monarch.
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2672:
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2017:
1920:
1908:
1773:
1536:
1501:
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1231:
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930:
664:
544:
445:
7953:
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1574:
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5797:
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5361:
5243:
5238:
5102:
4873: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4714:
4351:
4044:
3667:
3622:
3589:
3492:
aspects; many monarchs once claimed the right to rule by the will of a
3473:
3466:
3297:
3147:
3132:
2955:
2919:
2839:
2813:
2773:) and by modern anti-monarchism e.g. of the temporary overthrow of the
2761:
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2349:
2241:
2142:
2132:
2127:
1866:
1728:
1393:
1344:
1268:
762:
584:
512:
363:
8640:"A tale of two dictatorships: The links between North Korea and Syria"
8205:
7613:
The Arthasastra: Selections from the Classic Indian Work on Statecraft
5910:
4315:
3524:(Defender of the Faith); some hold official positions relating to the
3023:) for life or a defined period. Four elective monarchies exist today:
2804:
Since then advocacy of the abolition of a monarchy or respectively of
2714:
laid out the ethics of monarchism. In antiquity, some monarchies were
1199:
13566:
13505:
13062:
12705:
12632:
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12538:
12458:
12453:
12378:
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12257:
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10138:
10128:
9697:
9004:
8891:
8644:
8340:
7377:
7323:
7277:
7177:
6910:
6508:, the position of head of state is described in Part III of the 1960
6472:
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6394:
6139:
6005:
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5479:
5464:
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5191:
5135:
5130:
4773:
4551:
4301:
4293:
4184:
4173:
3758:
3650:
3469:
is the act of formally giving up one's monarchical power and status.
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1322:
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1258:
1226:
1170:
1160:
1115:
1110:
732:
539:
522:
492:
7791:
6467:
Eswatini is unique among these monarchies, often being considered a
4979:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
4848:
4408:
3867:(empress regnant). South Asian and South East Asian titles included
275:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
144:
13841:
13420:
13157:
12750:
12715:
12689:
12669:
12622:
12433:
12388:
12176:
12166:
12131:
12101:
11944:
11117:
10646:
10275:
10158:
10148:
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9466:
7078:
6894:
6752:
6644:
6620:
6487:
6453:
6408:
6404:
6367:
6085:
5672:
5233:
5203:
5146:
5029:
4702:
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4378:
4360:
agreement by the prime ministers of the sixteen Commonwealth Realms
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4052:
4014:
3869:
3766:
3762:
3711:
3697:
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3489:
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3251:
3047:
3028:
3024:
3016:
2889:
2805:
2666:
2651:
2631:
2533:
2368:
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2249:
2150:
2110:
1793:
1758:
1627:
1496:
1440:
1305:
1165:
534:
467:
3472:
Monarchs may mark the ceremonial beginning of their reigns with a
3333:
3240:
were elected by the army, which was similar in composition to the
2737:
13878:
13791:
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7922:"The Female Monarchy: A Rhetorical Strategy of Early Modern Rule"
7192:
7054:
7042:
6843:
6680:
6668:
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6584:
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6457:
6371:
6351:
6318:
6266:
6223:
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4347:
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3641:
3399:
3350:
3229:
2951:
2877:
2589:
2557:
2410:
2333:
2296:
2244:, usually a hereditary position acquired by some form of nominal
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2065:
1723:
1553:
1445:
1354:
1236:
1194:
1155:
624:
482:
462:
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358:
3580:
The roles of monarchs can overlap with other monarchies through
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10250:
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Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series
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deed) or new monarchies altogether (e.g. as in the case of the
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4154:
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4130:
4087:
4040:
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Monarchy, especially absolute monarchy, is sometimes linked to
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3358:
3260:
3237:
3166:
3150:
2820:
through lifelong or even hereditary heads of state, such as in
2678:
2660:
2643:
2642:), opposed to the three "malignant" basic forms of government (
2553:
2500:
2361:
2115:
2057:
1955:
1484:
517:
6308:
are European semi-constitutional monarchies. For example, the
6042:: Power is constitutionally linked to a single political party
4772:
In cases of succession challenges, it can be instrumental for
4625:
Appointment by the current monarch is another system, used in
2654:). The monarch in classical antiquity is often identified as "
12657:
12146:
12081:
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as their head of state. Other than that, there is a range of
2357:
2233:
1489:
1479:
579:
440:
7980:
The Classroom | Empowering Students in Their College Journey
6265:
Andorra is unique among all existing monarchies, as it is a
4738:
Succession is often based on the expected continuation of a
3161:) exercises political sovereignty. Constitutional monarchs'
12652:
12076:
10133:
8974:
8964:
8954:
8937:
8685:
7789:
7459:"Monarchy | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica"
6936:
6483:
6375:
6213:
4706:
4543:
3891:
3879:
3814:
3810:
3798:
3794:
3782:
3778:
3733:
3725:
3679:
3659:
3378:
3182:
3153:
of national unity and state continuity. Although nominally
3036:
2795:
Dialogue between Clara Neville and Louisa Mills, on Loyalty
2655:
2341:
1317:
8170:
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Peter (2004). "Autocratic Succession".
7335:
Malaysia is a special case. Malaysia's head of state, the
6291:
6068: Dependent territories and places without governments
6022:: Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power
3720:, literally "count of the castle"). Lesser titles include
12221:
12116:
10315:
8603:. Armonk, New York, USA: M. E. Sharpe, Inc., 2006. Pp 56.
3194:
3189:"). They often also have privileges of inviolability and
3128:
2745:
By the 17th century, monarchy was challenged by evolving
7438:
In the end, this referendum failed to make it to a vote.
3165:
is limited. Typical monarchical powers include granting
2853:
Today forty-three sovereign nations in the world have a
8536:"The Pope Francis Effect and Catholic-Jewish Relations"
4381:, which is semi-elective and gives weight to merit and
3686:
European titles (especially in German states) included
3094:" a few years after the Republic of China was founded.
6554:(Kim's) bloodline". This though does not mean it is a
4362:
at the 22nd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting.
7541:
A. Adu Boahen; J. F. Ade Ajayi; Michael Tidy (1986).
7513:
6062:: No constitutionally defined basis to current regime
4693:
The legitimacy and authorities of monarchs are often
3324:
with the king as a figurehead constitutional monarch.
3066:
for five years from his seizing power in the coup of
8673:, Chosun Ilbo, 2013-08-13, Accessed date: 2017-01-11
7792:"Why Monarchy? The Rise and Demise of a Regime Type"
7148:
6566:
since 1971, has similarly been categorized as such.
6192:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2797:(1794) features "silly Louisa, who admires liberty,
8060:. European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR)
6569:
6254:in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, while Andorra is a
2409:from 1947 to 1975) or while relying on a long-term
169:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8376:"Bhutan's democratic transition and ties to India"
6395:East and Southeast Asian constitutional monarchies
6260:officially recognized cults of national importance
5955:Parliamentary republic with an executive president
4663:), claims of a mandate to rule (e.g. a popular or
4542:Six forms of elective monarchies exist today. The
4216:Current European monarchies by succession method:
4002:(literally "His Majesty the heavenly sovereign"),
8169:
8126:
6345:
6281:neither of the co-princes is of Andorran descent;
6012:holds significant executive and legislative power
4622:the Paramount Chief of the Waikato-Tainui tribe.
4523:by an assembly of Frankish leading men; nobleman
2789:of 1789. One of many opponents of that trend was
13916:
8616:. University of California Press, 1972. Pp. 689.
8273:"New rules on royal succession come into effect"
4503:but often coming from the same dynasty) and the
4377:Other hereditary systems of succession included
4304:—a senior king and a junior king. Examples were
3696:, Prince-Elector, literally "electing prince"),
3353:. Historically this was the case in the ancient
2532:The similar form of societal hierarchy known as
11808:Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo
8582:, Central Intelligence Agency, November 1, 2023
8087:
8078:Meyers Taschenlexikon Geschichte 1982 vol.1 p21
7636:The Feminist Companion to Literature in English
2865:as the head of state. Most modern monarchs are
2741:Map of monarchies and republics in Europe, 1648
2382:in the world have a monarch, including fifteen
2313:) have also often occurred throughout history.
8633:
8631:
8449:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/arbp.1999.36.issue-1
7534:
4183:Nevertheless, monarchies can also be bound to
3988:, "Sovereign of the Sublime House of Osman"),
3765:and a leader of the entire Muslim community),
3224:and installed new emperors. Similarly, in the
3090:, crowned himself Emperor of the short-lived "
2749:e.g. through regional assemblies (such as the
12037:
11468:Imperial Crown of Mexico (2nd Mexican Empire)
11463:Imperial Crown of Mexico (1st Mexican Empire)
10331:
8723:
8055:
7764:(Wiesbaden: Springer VS, 2016), pp. 183–198,
6102:
5891:
3208:Monarchical reign has often been linked with
2812:, while the advocacy of monarchies is called
2201:
1597:
12543:
8601:North Korea: The Politics of Regime Survival
7223:List of current monarchs of sovereign states
4798:List of current monarchs of sovereign states
4122:has to be chosen by an electoral college of
3960:Many monarchs are addressed with particular
3715:
3710:, literally "count of the borderland"), and
3701:
3691:
3508:), or even purported to be divine kings, or
3434:elected by the citizens of another country.
107:. There might be a discussion about this on
12479:
11950:Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka
11922:Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros (Ethiopia)
8628:
6490:) by virtue of his position as head of the
6083:
6075:
4836:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4697:and recognized through occupying and being
4640:
4586:) of nine of the federation's constitutive
4437:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4366:has often led, especially in Europe in the
4028:
3558:world-view in which the "royal religion of
3517:
3516:). Many European monarchs have been styled
3035:are 20th-century creations, while one (the
2910:
73:Learn how and when to remove these messages
12044:
12030:
10338:
10324:
8730:
8716:
7615:. Hackett Publishing. September 15, 2012.
6269:, with the co-princes being shared by the
6109:
6095:
5898:
5884:
3011:Some monarchies are not hereditary. In an
2873:, surviving particularly in small states.
2332:Monarchs can carry various titles such as
2208:
2194:
1604:
1590:
10590:Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
8551:
8338:
8315:
7815:
7507:
6198:into fully independent states within the
6172:Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
5115:List of countries by system of government
5013:Learn how and when to remove this message
4995:Learn how and when to remove this message
4933:Learn how and when to remove this message
4457:Learn how and when to remove this message
4234:, to be changed to absolute primogeniture
3817:). East Asian titles of monarchs include
2950:. Growing up in a royal family (called a
2620:and was sometimes identified with having
309:Learn how and when to remove this message
291:Learn how and when to remove this message
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
12051:
11802:Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings
11322:Imperial Crown of Empress Go-Sakuramachi
10466:Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil
8671:The Twisted Logic of the N.Korean Regime
8638:Sheridan, Michael (September 16, 2007).
8637:
7976:"The Definition of an Elective Monarchy"
7846:
7228:List of living former sovereign monarchs
6214:Other European constitutional monarchies
5909:
5028:
4468:
4314:
4278:tracing its origin through a historical
4211:
4207:
3991:Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda
3899:(South East Asian queen). Historically,
3621:
3332:
3258:(where a hereditary military chief, the
3101:
3097:
2914:
2736:
2624:, possibly establishing a notion of the
2516:
13627:Reflections on the Revolution in France
11037:Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
10938:Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong
8686:The Constitutional Monarchy Association
8201:
8199:
7742:from the original on September 22, 2013
7304:
6292:European semi-constitutional monarchies
4354:in 2011) have since followed suit. The
4323:, an elected founder of the hereditary
3504:), or a special connection to a deity (
14:
13917:
8765:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
8533:
8373:
8256:"Overturning Centuries of Royal Rules"
8056:Anckar, Carsten; Akademi, Åbo (2016).
7919:
7723:
7233:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
6122:
5915:World's states coloured by systems of
4527:of Poland was an elected king, as was
4392:
4242:Male-preference cognatic primogeniture
4232:Male-preference cognatic primogeniture
3142:, the monarch's power is subject to a
1035:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
12025:
11375:Gold Crown of Geumnyeongchong Tumulus
10560:Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria
10531:Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales
10471:Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel
10319:
8995:
8711:
8540:Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations
8300:"Saudi Arabia: A prince's revolution"
8297:
7729:
6340:Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein
6168:Independent State of Papua New Guinea
4791:
3611:
3006:The King is dead. Long live the King!
2989:" refers to a ruling monarch, while "
2920:King George III of the United Kingdom
11784:Royal Crown of Spain (Tumular Crown)
10892:Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
10390:Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth
8612:Robert A. Scalapino, Chong-Sik Lee.
8507:
8374:Xavier, Constantino (July 8, 2020).
8196:
7647:
7484:"The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"
7322:Now substituted with the concept of
4944:
4871:adding citations to reliable sources
4842:
4801:
4761:
4435:adding citations to reliable sources
4402:
3588:, with maybe becoming institutional
3328:
3181:, refuse to dissolve parliament, or
3086:, the first formal President of the
240:
167:adding citations to reliable sources
138:
79:
38:
13737:The End of History and the Last Man
13647:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
11538:(destroyed; replica: Stará Ľubovňa)
11067:Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist
10596:Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales
8174:. Vol. 103. pp. 358–362.
7999:
7896:"What is the role of the monarchy?"
7893:
7665:
7569:Political Violence in Ancient India
6439:
6316:the power to veto any law that the
6130:is, separately, monarch of fifteen
4161:(e.g. in personal union) together.
4011:English claims to the French throne
967:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
24:
11381:Gold Crown of Seobongchong Tumulus
10572:Coronet of George, Prince of Wales
8760:List of current sovereign monarchs
8664:
8619:
8606:
8593:
8484:"BTI 2022 Eswatini Country Report"
6475:, rules alongside his mother, the
4616:Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu
4612:Tuheitia Potatau Te Wherowhero VII
3761:(successor to the Islamic prophet
3740:(царица), a word derived from the
3577:of Islam (خادم الحرمين الشريفين).
3483:
2876:In some nations, however, such as
2413:(as in the case of Hungary in the
25:
13956:
11955:Great Crown of Victory (Thailand)
11686:Cap of Monomakh of the second set
11681:Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich
10840:Ducal Crown of Brunswick-Lüneburg
10808:Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria
8679:
8534:Marans, Noam E. (April 9, 2015).
8172:The Encyclopedia of Public Choice
4817:This section has multiple issues.
4568:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
4172:or abstracts like the concept of
4164:Monarchies, though, have applied
3706:, equivalent to the French title
3575:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
2392:sub-national monarchical entities
2076:Biology and political orientation
54:This article has multiple issues.
13707:The Open Society and Its Enemies
11507:Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet
9278:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8298:Chara, Jihan (October 1, 2018).
7151:
7131:
7119:
7115:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
7107:
7095:
7083:
7071:
7059:
7047:
7035:
7023:
7011:
6999:
6985:
6971:
6957:
6943:
6929:
6915:
6903:
6887:
6874:
6860:
6848:
6836:
6822:
6808:
6795:
6783:
6769:
6757:
6745:
6733:
6721:
6709:
6697:
6685:
6673:
6661:
6649:
6637:
6625:
6613:
6601:
6589:
6577:
6570:Long form titles for the country
6180:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5867:
4949:
4847:
4806:
4407:
4055:). In the British colonial era,
3078:declared himself Emperor of the
2965:Different systems of hereditary
2718:in favour of such assemblies in
2439:The word "monarch" (Late Latin:
2177:
1573:
936:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
339:
245:
143:
84:
43:
12514:Family as a model for the state
11101:Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires
11089:Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde
10932:Crown of Augustus II the Strong
8755:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
8568:
8527:
8501:
8476:
8418:
8393:
8367:
8332:
8291:
8265:
8249:
8233:
8217:
8163:
8120:
8081:
8072:
8049:
8019:
7993:
7968:
7913:
7887:
7840:
7783:
7754:
7694:
7641:
7629:
7432:
7407:
7342:
7329:
7203:Family as a model for the state
6419:, but it was deposed after the
6082:systems of government, not the
5024:
4858:needs additional citations for
4825:or discuss these issues on the
4682:
4578:, the federal king, called the
4177:
4021:was given the hereditary title
3452:may rule when the monarch is a
3304:during the first months of the
3058:after having held the title of
2934:Monarchies are associated with
2769:linked to the rise of medieval
2612:, and others, the monarch held
1066:Spanish transition to democracy
743:Les Six livres de la République
154:needs additional citations for
62:or discuss these issues on the
13864:Separation of church and state
13762:Collectivism and individualism
13717:The Origins of Totalitarianism
11796:Crown of Isabella I of Castile
11711:Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna
11701:Altabas crown of the third set
11474:Funerary crown of Maximilian I
11369:Gold Crown of Hwangnamdaechong
11073:Reliquary Crown of Charlemagne
11055:Imperial Crowns of Charles VII
8737:
8599:Young W. Kihl, Hong Nack Kim.
8508:Thom, Liezl (April 28, 2021).
8342:World monarchies and dynasties
7605:
7596:
7575:
7561:
7544:Topics in West African History
7514:Conrad Phillip Kottak (1991).
7476:
7451:
7316:
6346:Monarchies in the Muslim world
5576:Intergovernmental organisation
5531:Separation of church and state
5048:Semi-constitutional monarchies
4539:also had elective monarchies.
4509:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
4385:. In some monarchies, such as
3985:Hünkar-i Khanedan-i Âl-i Osman
3201:Semi-constitutional monarchies
3157:, the electorate (through the
3019:or appointed by some body (an
2954:when it continues for several
2071:Theories of political behavior
1697:Political history of the world
783:Democracy: The God That Failed
13:
1:
13904:Category:Political philosophy
13777:Critique of political economy
11691:Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I
11536:Crown of Bolesław I the Brave
10798:Crown of the Queen of Bavaria
10537:Coronation Crown of George IV
10513:State Crown of Mary of Modena
7796:Comparative Political Studies
7547:. Longman Group. p. 19.
7445:
7417:in the United States and the
6302:Principality of Liechtenstein
6032:: Monarch has unlimited power
5995:Assembly-independent republic
5068:(parliamentary monarchies in
4677:War of the Spanish Succession
4491:or appointed by somebody (an
4202:
4013:), or titles not recognised (
3964:or manners of address, like "
3935:monarchs have used the title
3907:monarchs have used the title
3757:, titles of monarchs include
3414:, it has two co-princes: the
3341:) and November (death of the
2579:
2561:
2380:forty-three sovereign nations
2086:Critique of political economy
1061:Birth of the Italian Republic
13802:Institutional discrimination
13797:History of political thought
12529:Negative and positive rights
11706:Crown of Empress Catherine I
11696:Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V
11584:Funeral Crown of Augustus II
11519:Crown of the Queen of Norway
11281:Crown of Constance of Sicily
11275:Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany
11143:Tiara of Pope Pius IX (1846)
10824:Electoral Hat of Brandenburg
8770:List of monarchy referendums
8438:10.1111/arbp.1999.36.issue-1
8180:10.1007/978-0-306-47828-4_39
8090:American Sociological Review
7938:10.1080/07350198.2011.581937
7849:"Why Monarchies Still Reign"
7702:"The definition of republic"
7520:. McGraw-Hill. p. 124.
7253:List of royalty by net worth
7248:List of monarchs by nickname
6310:2003 Constitution referendum
6298:semi-constitutional monarchy
6020:Semi-constitutional monarchy
5373:(socio-political ideologies)
4733:
4635:an age of palace revolutions
4525:Stanisław August Poniatowski
4136:
3982:("Leader of the Faithful"),
3310:Spain under Francisco Franco
2610:Proto-Indo-European religion
2499:
2485:
2471:
2457:
2420:
2307:monarchies (in the sense of
2291:of monarchs has mostly been
1667:Outline of political science
7:
13812:Justification for the state
13597:Two Treatises of Government
11357:Gold Crown of Geumgwanchong
11095:Reliquary Crown of Henry II
10437:Crown of the Środa Treasure
8031:The Search for Modern China
7770:10.1007/978-3-658-07725-9_9
7144:
6360:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
6336:Albert II, Prince of Monaco
6194:). They evolved out of the
6144:Commonwealth of the Bahamas
5970: Presidential republic
5947:with a ceremonial president
5441:(socio-economic ideologies)
5111:List of forms of government
4975:the claims made and adding
4090:, the ancient kingdoms and
1020:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
946:Birth of the Dutch Republic
271:the claims made and adding
10:
13961:
13940:Constitutional state types
12482:Bellum omnium contra omnes
11843:Crown of the Heir Apparent
11408:Ducal hat of Liechtenstein
11363:Gold Crown of Cheonmachong
11107:Reliquary Crown of Otto II
11079:Crown of Empress Cunigunde
10954:Royal Crown of Württemberg
10776:Grand Ducal Crown of Baden
10412:Archducal hat of Joseph II
10345:
8405:World History Encyclopedia
7677:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
7427:list of political families
7238:List of fictional monarchs
7218:List of current monarchies
6693:Kingdom of the Netherlands
6626:
6539:) has been described as a
6236:Kingdom of the Netherlands
5985:Semi-presidential republic
4795:
4765:
4686:
4644:
4396:
4032:
3636:Monarchs can have various
3615:
3456:, absent, or debilitated.
3339:King Manuel II of Portugal
3119:, the monarch rules as an
2658:" or "ruler" (translating
2512:
2491:
2477:
2463:
2449:
2424:
2325:), giving many monarchies
1672:Index of politics articles
1056:Siamese revolution of 1932
31:
13899:
13749:
13518:
13166:
12899:
12779:
12698:
12610:
12601:
12467:
12301:
12230:
12059:
11963:
11930:
11907:
11890:
11871:
11852:
11817:
11770:
11734:
11663:
11634:
11611:
11528:
11499:
11483:
11455:
11434:
11417:
11410:(missing; replica: Vaduz)
11398:
11330:
11290:
11241:
11207:
11184:
11116:
11025:
11016:Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani
11000:
10982:
10965:
10754:
10701:
10672:
10655:
10622:
10613:Diamond Crown of Bulgaria
10605:
10495:Crown of Margaret of York
10489:Crown of Princess Blanche
10479:
10446:
10421:
10384:Imperial Crown of Austria
10370:
10353:
10182:
10091:
9805:
9568:
9502:
9314:
9305:
9201:
9183:
9115:
9030:
8988:
8920:
8834:
8778:
8745:
8576:"Holy See (Vatican City)"
7583:Traditions and encounters
6232:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
6140:Commonwealth of Australia
5937:with a ceremonial monarch
5562:(geo-cultural ideologies)
4308:of England and the early
4101:, though the hundreds of
4006:("Bottom of the Steps").
2550:Indus Valley civilization
1030:5 October 1910 Revolution
926:Birth of the Roman Empire
34:Monarchy (disambiguation)
13687:The Revolt of the Masses
11837:Crown of Queen Christina
11759:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
11753:Crown of Stefan Uroš III
11491:Crown of the Netherlands
11198:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
11167:Tiara of Pope John XXIII
10745:Crown of Empress Eugénie
10566:Crown of Queen Alexandra
10460:Imperial Crown of Brazil
10431:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
10378:Archducal hat of Austria
8907:Self-proclaimed monarchy
8648:. London. Archived from
8432:(1). February 22, 1999.
8339:Middleton, John (2015).
8317:10.1177/1781685818803525
8102:10.1177/0003122410382639
7894:UCL (November 8, 2021).
7847:Lawrence, Adria (2023).
7808:10.1177/0010414020938090
7673:"Definition of Republic"
7309:
5057:Parliamentary monarchies
4786:Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
4728:coronation of Napoleon I
4713:, like in the course of
4651:Self-proclaimed monarchy
4641:Other ways of succession
4029:Non-sovereign monarchies
3728:. Slavic titles include
3543:in matters of religion.
3322:Spain became a democracy
3076:Central African Republic
3044:self-proclaimed monarchy
2969:have been used, such as
2911:Characteristics and role
2765:, and the High Medieval
2374:, notably at the end of
2372:replaced many monarchies
773:Considerations on France
13667:The Communist Manifesto
12593:Tyranny of the majority
12504:Consent of the governed
11447:Crown of Ranavalona III
10926:Electoral Hat of Saxony
10584:Imperial Crown of India
10548:Crown of Queen Adelaide
10525:State Crown of George I
9175:Vatican City (Holy See)
8700:Encyclopædia Britannica
8553:10.6017/scjr.v10i1.8659
8262:. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
8141:10.1023/A:1005078532251
8036:W.W. Norton and Company
7920:Beemer, Cristy (2011).
7358:Commonwealth of England
6514:constitutional monarchy
6384:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
6314:Prince of Liechtenstein
6220:Principality of Andorra
6200:Commonwealth of Nations
5935:Constitutional monarchy
5825:Administrative division
5769:International relations
4572:Prince and Grand Master
3797:(commander, prince) or
3528:or established church.
3512:of deities themselves (
3272:nominally reigned). In
3185:legislation ("withhold
3140:constitutional monarchy
3110:is an absolute monarch.
2905:constitutional monarchy
2867:constitutional monarchs
2272:), and can span across
2262:constitutional monarchy
2228:in which a person, the
2081:Political organisations
1844:International relations
1682:Politics by subdivision
1389:Emperor system of Japan
13930:Positions of authority
12544:
12494:Clash of civilizations
12480:
11676:Crown of Kazan Tzardom
11654:Steel Crown of Romania
11596:Crown of Maria Josepha
11010:Crown of King Kalākaua
10904:Crown of Queen Augusta
10855:Royal Crown of Hanover
10792:Royal Crown of Bavaria
10400:Archducal hat of Tyrol
9457:Islands of Refreshment
8887:Legitimacy (political)
8703:(11th ed.). 1911.
7736:The Nautilus Institute
7730:Mansourov, Alexandre.
6417:French colonial empire
6350:The monarchies of the
6306:Principality of Monaco
6116:
6084:
6076:
6074:this chart represents
6060:Provisional government
5945:Parliamentary republic
5083:
5080:Subnational monarchies
4655:Legitimacy (political)
4629:. It also was used in
4529:Frederick I of Denmark
4480:
4327:
4263:
4223:Absolute primogeniture
4035:Non-sovereign monarchy
3945:, monarchs used title
3941:for men and women. In
3716:
3702:
3692:
3633:
3592:and possibly a larger
3518:
3346:
3220:several times deposed
3177:, e.g. to dismiss the
3111:
3108:Salman of Saudi Arabia
3080:Central African Empire
2931:
2751:Icelandic Commonwealth
2742:
2616:directly connected to
2529:
2489:, "to rule"): compare
2440:
2400:parliamentary republic
2348:. Monarchies can form
1264:Enlightened absolutism
12509:Divine right of kings
11590:Crown of Augustus III
11305:Emperor Kōmei Variant
11192:Holy Crown of Hungary
11173:Tiara of Pope Paul VI
11157:(Notre Dame, Indiana)
11155:Tiara of Pope Pius IX
10912:(Hohenzollern Castle)
10739:Crown of Napoleon III
10680:Crown of Christian IV
9268:Saint Kitts and Nevis
8857:Criticism of monarchy
8847:Abolition of monarchy
7900:The Constitution Unit
7865:10.1353/jod.2023.0017
7587:McGraw–Hill Education
7517:Cultural Anthropology
7337:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
7293:Royal and noble ranks
7188:Criticism of monarchy
7173:Abolition of monarchy
6882:Saint Kitts and Nevis
6548:Korean Workers' Party
6492:Roman Catholic Church
6090:degree of democracy.
5924:Parliamentary systems
5913:
5835:Democratic transition
5698:Self-governing colony
5295:Military dictatorship
5032:
4776:to secure or install
4766:Further information:
4746:, which is sometimes
4580:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
4548:Roman Catholic Church
4472:
4318:
4274:, usually within one
4251:Agnatic primogeniture
4215:
4208:Hereditary monarchies
4103:sub-regional polities
4063:existed, such as the
3625:
3498:Divine Right of Kings
3336:
3288:single-party rule of
3105:
3098:Powers of the monarch
3052:Emperor of the French
2918:
2779:Parliament of England
2740:
2626:divine right of kings
2525:, inscribed with the
2520:
2475:, "one, single") and
2425:Further information:
2161:Political campaigning
1901:Public administration
1734:Collective leadership
369:Divine right of kings
13657:Democracy in America
13036:political philosophy
13019:political philosophy
12834:political philosophy
12663:political philosophy
12573:Separation of powers
12534:Night-watchman state
12519:Monopoly on violence
12053:Political philosophy
11940:Raven Crown (Bhutan)
11778:Royal Crown of Spain
11726:Small Imperial Crown
11716:Great Imperial Crown
11578:Crown of Augustus II
11265:Crown of Theodelinda
11255:Royal Crown of Savoy
10886:Crown of Frederick I
10715:Crown of Saint Louis
10709:Crown of Charlemagne
10686:Crown of Christian V
10554:Imperial State Crown
10361:Helmet of Skanderbeg
9100:United Arab Emirates
8652:on February 19, 2008
7853:Journal of Democracy
7648:Bohn, H. G. (1849).
7492:. October 14, 2021.
7386:Jean-Claude Duvalier
7305:Notes and references
6993:United Arab Emirates
6388:United Arab Emirates
4867:improve this article
4742:or association in a
4596:United Arab Emirates
4564:College of Cardinals
4431:improve this section
4306:Henry the Young King
4197:King of the Belgians
4159:political legitimacy
4141:Monarchies pre-date
3533:Saint Thomas Aquinas
3280:monarchy under King
3268:ruler, although the
3048:Napoleon I of France
3033:United Arab Emirates
2942:, the centre of the
2857:, including fifteen
2417:from 1920 to 1944).
2258:political legitimacy
2011:Separation of powers
1882:Political psychology
1857:Comparative politics
1835:political scientists
1822:Academic disciplines
1702:Political philosophy
1007:Unification of Italy
996:Second French Empire
163:improve this article
97:confusing or unclear
32:For other uses, see
13847:Right-wing politics
13727:A Theory of Justice
13697:The Road to Serfdom
13617:The Social Contract
12324:Christian democracy
11625:Diadem of the Stars
11442:Crown of Madagascar
10910:Crown of Wilhelm II
10733:Crown of Napoleon I
10578:Crown of Queen Mary
10406:Ducal hat of Styria
10296:Trinidad and Tobago
10183:Commonwealth realms
10068:United Baltic Duchy
9211:Antigua and Barbuda
9203:Commonwealth realms
8897:Order of succession
8026:Spence, Jonathan D.
7602:Liddell & Scott
7419:Nehru-Gandhi family
7268:Order of succession
7213:Hereditary monarchy
7007:Antigua and Barbuda
6969:Independent State:
6510:Samoan constitution
6454:Kingdom of Eswatini
6409:Kingdom of Thailand
6405:Kingdom of Cambodia
6271:president of France
6136:Antigua and Barbuda
6132:Commonwealth realms
6123:Commonwealth realms
5961:Presidential system
5874:Politics portal
5759:Supranational union
5668:Dependent territory
5581:National government
5066:Commonwealth realms
5039:Absolute monarchies
4669:military occupation
4647:Order of succession
4497:Holy Roman Emperors
4476:, Sovereign of the
4393:Elective monarchies
4325:monarchy of Belgium
4272:order of succession
4268:hereditary monarchy
3974:By the Grace of God
3951:(king of kings) or
3845:(empress regnant),
3827:(empress regnant),
3631:Emperor of Ethiopia
3443:Commonwealth realms
3424:president of France
3369:in the kingdoms of
3284:coexisted with the
3282:Victor Emmanuel III
3056:First French Empire
2924:coronation portrait
2859:Commonwealth realms
2783:American Revolution
2523:Weld-Blundell Prism
2384:Commonwealth realms
2184:Politics portal
2033:Election commission
2004:Government branches
1887:Political sociology
1739:Confessional system
1677:Politics by country
1580:Politics portal
980:First French Empire
954:Glorious Revolution
105:clarify the article
13859:Political violence
13854:Political theology
13837:Left-wing politics
13832:Political spectrum
11831:Crown of the Queen
11790:Crown of Sancho IV
11742:Karađorđević Crown
11642:Crown of Elisabeta
11175:(Washington, D.C.)
11131:Papier-mâché Tiara
11049:Crown of Rudolf II
10992:Crown of Faustin I
10898:Crown of Wilhelm I
10833:Brunswick-Lüneburg
10762:German State Crown
10692:Crown of the Queen
8580:The World Factbook
8401:"Emperor of Japan"
8244:Kvinnlig tronföljd
8228:Kvinnlig tronföljd
8211:Nordisk familjebok
7463:www.britannica.com
7298:Universal monarchy
7273:President for life
7243:List of monarchies
6633:Kingdom of Denmark
6462:Vatican City State
6460:in Africa and the
6458:Kingdom of Lesotho
6372:Kingdom of Morocco
6352:Kingdom of Bahrain
6332:government council
6228:Kingdom of Denmark
6224:Kingdom of Belgium
6117:
5084:
4960:possibly contains
4792:Current monarchies
4556:Vatican City State
4521:King of the Franks
4481:
4478:Vatican City State
4372:proximity of blood
4328:
4264:
4151:territorial states
3957:(queen of kings).
3670:or grand duchess,
3634:
3618:Composite monarchy
3612:Titles of monarchs
3347:
3210:military authority
3191:sovereign immunity
3112:
3072:Jean-Bédel Bokassa
2995:political families
2971:proximity of blood
2932:
2793:, whose anonymous
2743:
2732:Athenian democracy
2530:
2527:Sumerian King List
2310:monarchical states
2240:for life or until
2226:form of government
1867:Political analysis
1799:Semi-parliamentary
1419:List of monarchies
1220:Related ideologies
1087:Nepalese Civil War
1074:Iranian Revolution
1048:Russian Revolution
1043:Chinese Revolution
1025:German unification
256:possibly contains
13945:Political systems
13912:
13911:
13822:Philosophy of law
13767:Conflict theories
13607:The Spirit of Law
13514:
13513:
12563:Original position
12019:
12018:
11825:Crown of Eric XIV
11671:"Cap of Monomakh"
10727:Crown of Louis XV
10721:Crown of Henry IV
10663:Crown of Zvonimir
10507:St Edward's Crown
10501:Crown of Scotland
10313:
10312:
10309:
10308:
9998:Piedmont-Sardinia
9750:Sip Song Chau Tai
9560:Thirteen Colonies
9301:
9300:
8464:Missing or empty
8352:978-0-7656-8050-1
8189:978-0-306-47828-4
7778:978-3-658-07724-2
7554:978-0-582-58504-1
7527:978-0-07-035615-3
7413:For example, the
7382:François Duvalier
7168:Absolute monarchy
6951:Brunei Darussalam
6544:absolute monarchy
6521:ruling Kim family
6401:Kingdom of Bhutan
6376:Sultanate of Oman
6356:Brunei Darussalam
6334:and judges. Both
6328:minister of state
6248:Kingdom of Sweden
6240:Kingdom of Norway
6204:Church of England
6030:Absolute monarchy
5908:
5907:
5859:
5858:
5830:Democracy indices
5805:
5804:
5608:
5607:
5417:Semi-presidential
5342:
5341:
5088:
5087:
5023:
5022:
5015:
5005:
5004:
4997:
4962:original research
4943:
4942:
4935:
4917:
4840:
4768:Succession crisis
4762:Succession crisis
4723:privilegium maius
4606:in the form of a
4493:electoral college
4485:elective monarchy
4467:
4466:
4459:
4383:Agnatic seniority
3857:(queen regnant),
3833:(son of heaven),
3682:or duchess. Some
3644:or empress (from
3502:Mandate of Heaven
3394:Joanna of Castile
3329:Person of monarch
3226:Abbasid Caliphate
3117:absolute monarchy
3088:Republic of China
3050:declared himself
3021:electoral college
3013:elective monarchy
2979:agnatic seniority
2871:crowned republics
2791:Elizabeth Dawbarn
2787:French Revolution
2767:communal movement
2560:of Ancient Egypt
2443:) comes from the
2295:, often building
2270:absolute monarchy
2218:
2217:
2166:Political parties
2106:Electoral systems
1830:Political science
1804:Semi-presidential
1716:Political systems
1692:Political history
1687:Political economy
1614:
1613:
1012:Meiji Restoration
959:French Revolution
941:Tsarist autocracy
902:Popescu-Tăriceanu
401:Abdication system
379:Royal prerogative
374:Mandate of Heaven
319:
318:
311:
301:
300:
293:
258:original research
239:
238:
231:
213:
137:
136:
129:
77:
16:(Redirected from
13952:
13827:Political ethics
13817:Machiavellianism
13757:Authoritarianism
13742:
13732:
13722:
13712:
13702:
13692:
13682:
13672:
13662:
13652:
13642:
13632:
13622:
13612:
13602:
13592:
13582:
13572:
13562:
13552:
13542:
13532:
12608:
12607:
12549:
12485:
12475:Balance of power
12449:Social democracy
12444:Social Darwinism
12419:Multiculturalism
12364:Environmentalism
12339:Communitarianism
12046:
12039:
12032:
12023:
12022:
11986:Heir presumptive
11945:Shripech (Nepal)
11619:Crown of João VI
10454:Crown of Pedro I
10380:(Klosterneuburg)
10340:
10333:
10326:
10317:
10316:
10237:Irish Free State
10003:Poland–Lithuania
9312:
9311:
9263:Papua New Guinea
8993:
8992:
8732:
8725:
8718:
8709:
8708:
8704:
8696:
8694:"Monarchy"
8674:
8668:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8657:
8635:
8626:
8623:
8617:
8610:
8604:
8597:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8587:
8572:
8566:
8565:
8555:
8531:
8525:
8524:
8522:
8520:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8496:
8494:
8480:
8474:
8473:
8467:
8462:
8460:
8452:
8422:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8411:
8397:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8371:
8365:
8364:
8336:
8330:
8329:
8319:
8295:
8289:
8288:
8286:
8284:
8279:. March 26, 2015
8269:
8263:
8253:
8247:
8237:
8231:
8221:
8215:
8214:, vol. 30 (1920)
8203:
8194:
8193:
8167:
8161:
8160:
8124:
8118:
8117:
8085:
8079:
8076:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8065:
8053:
8047:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8012:
7997:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7986:
7972:
7966:
7965:
7917:
7911:
7910:
7908:
7906:
7891:
7885:
7884:
7844:
7838:
7837:
7819:
7802:(3–4): 585–622.
7787:
7781:
7758:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7727:
7721:
7720:
7714:
7712:
7698:
7692:
7691:
7685:
7683:
7669:
7663:
7662:
7645:
7639:
7633:
7627:
7626:
7609:
7603:
7600:
7594:
7593:
7579:
7573:
7565:
7559:
7558:
7538:
7532:
7531:
7511:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7500:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7455:
7439:
7436:
7430:
7411:
7405:
7354:Richard Cromwell
7346:
7340:
7333:
7327:
7320:
7258:List of usurpers
7208:Federal monarchy
7161:
7156:
7155:
7137:
7135:
7134:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7101:
7099:
7098:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7077:
7075:
7074:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6979:Papua New Guinea
6977:
6975:
6974:
6963:
6961:
6960:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6866:
6864:
6863:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6751:
6749:
6748:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6703:
6701:
6700:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6667:
6665:
6664:
6655:
6653:
6652:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6446:Kingdom of Tonga
6440:Other monarchies
6430:Second World War
6324:prince of Monaco
6275:bishop of Urgell
6244:Kingdom of Spain
6128:King Charles III
6111:
6104:
6097:
6089:
6081:
6067:
6057:
6047:
6037:
6027:
6017:
6003:
5992:
5982:
5969:
5952:
5942:
5932:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5872:
5871:
5819:
5818:
5663:Associated state
5621:
5620:
5596:Internationalism
5586:World government
5563:
5442:
5374:
5355:
5354:
5329:Free association
5316:
5277:
5196:
5139:
5127:
5126:
5090:
5089:
5077:
5063:
5054:
5045:
5036:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5000:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4980:
4977:inline citations
4953:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4875:
4851:
4843:
4832:
4810:
4809:
4802:
4562:for life by the
4537:Germanic peoples
4507:of kings of the
4462:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4442:
4411:
4403:
4310:Direct Capetians
4257:
4248:
4239:
4229:
4220:
4180:of the monarch.
4097:Furthermore, in
4023:Duke of Braganza
4019:King of Portugal
3979:Amīr al-Mu'minīn
3943:Ethiopian Empire
3933:Ancient Egyptian
3719:
3705:
3695:
3523:
3416:bishop of Urgell
3386:Ivan V of Russia
3355:Greek city-state
3306:Colonels' regime
3290:Benito Mussolini
3270:Japanese emperor
3218:Praetorian Guard
2936:hereditary reign
2808:has been called
2785:of 1776 and the
2775:English monarchy
2726:, 509 BCE), and
2614:sacral functions
2608:, reconstructed
2584:
2581:
2566:
2563:
2504:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2461:), derived from
2460:
2454:
2453:
2388:King Charles III
2210:
2203:
2196:
2182:
2181:
1972:
1917:
1872:Political theory
1862:Election science
1852:
1838:
1616:
1615:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1578:
1577:
1458:Philosopher king
788:
778:
768:
758:
748:
738:
728:
690:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
426:Crowned republic
411:Chinese Legalist
350:Central concepts
343:
321:
320:
314:
307:
296:
289:
285:
282:
276:
273:inline citations
249:
248:
241:
234:
227:
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118:
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47:
46:
39:
21:
13960:
13959:
13955:
13954:
13953:
13951:
13950:
13949:
13915:
13914:
13913:
13908:
13895:
13884:Totalitarianism
13745:
13740:
13730:
13720:
13710:
13700:
13690:
13680:
13670:
13660:
13650:
13640:
13630:
13620:
13610:
13600:
13590:
13580:
13570:
13560:
13557:Treatise on Law
13550:
13540:
13530:
13510:
13168:
13162:
12901:
12895:
12781:
12775:
12694:
12597:
12583:State of nature
12578:Social contract
12558:Ordered liberty
12546:Noblesse oblige
12463:
12297:
12226:
12055:
12050:
12020:
12015:
11959:
11926:
11917:Crowns of Egypt
11903:
11886:
11867:
11862:Crown of Tahiti
11848:
11813:
11766:
11748:Nemanjić Crowns
11730:
11659:
11630:
11607:
11554:Hungarian Crown
11524:
11513:Crown of Norway
11495:
11479:
11451:
11430:
11413:
11394:
11352:Crowns of Silla
11340:Crown of Baekje
11326:
11286:
11237:
11220:Empress's Crown
11215:Sasanian crowns
11203:
11180:
11112:
11109:(Halle (Saale))
11028:
11021:
10996:
10978:
10973:Crown of Greece
10961:
10750:
10697:
10668:
10651:
10618:
10601:
10475:
10442:
10417:
10366:
10349:
10344:
10314:
10305:
10230:princely states
10178:
10114:Kingdom of Fiji
10087:
9833:Austria-Hungary
9801:
9564:
9498:
9297:
9283:Solomon Islands
9197:
9179:
9111:
9026:
8984:
8916:
8862:Democratization
8830:
8774:
8741:
8736:
8691:
8682:
8677:
8669:
8665:
8655:
8653:
8636:
8629:
8624:
8620:
8611:
8607:
8598:
8594:
8585:
8583:
8574:
8573:
8569:
8532:
8528:
8518:
8516:
8506:
8502:
8492:
8490:
8482:
8481:
8477:
8465:
8463:
8454:
8453:
8424:
8423:
8419:
8409:
8407:
8399:
8398:
8394:
8384:
8382:
8372:
8368:
8353:
8337:
8333:
8296:
8292:
8282:
8280:
8271:
8270:
8266:
8254:
8250:
8238:
8234:
8222:
8218:
8204:
8197:
8190:
8168:
8164:
8125:
8121:
8086:
8082:
8077:
8073:
8063:
8061:
8054:
8050:
8024:
8020:
8010:
8008:
8006:The Irish Times
8000:Marlowe, Lara.
7998:
7994:
7984:
7982:
7974:
7973:
7969:
7926:Rhetoric Review
7918:
7914:
7904:
7902:
7892:
7888:
7845:
7841:
7788:
7784:
7759:
7755:
7745:
7743:
7728:
7724:
7710:
7708:
7700:
7699:
7695:
7681:
7679:
7671:
7670:
7666:
7654:. p. 640.
7646:
7642:
7634:
7630:
7623:
7611:
7610:
7606:
7601:
7597:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7566:
7562:
7555:
7539:
7535:
7528:
7512:
7508:
7498:
7496:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7467:
7465:
7457:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7443:
7442:
7437:
7433:
7412:
7408:
7398:Bashar al-Assad
7350:Oliver Cromwell
7347:
7343:
7334:
7330:
7321:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7183:Cloistered rule
7159:Monarchy portal
7157:
7150:
7147:
7132:
7130:
7127:Solomon Islands
7120:
7118:
7108:
7106:
7096:
7094:
7084:
7082:
7072:
7070:
7060:
7058:
7048:
7046:
7036:
7034:
7024:
7022:
7012:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6986:
6984:
6972:
6970:
6958:
6956:
6944:
6942:
6930:
6928:
6916:
6914:
6904:
6902:
6888:
6886:
6875:
6873:
6861:
6859:
6849:
6847:
6837:
6835:
6823:
6821:
6809:
6807:
6796:
6794:
6784:
6782:
6770:
6768:
6758:
6756:
6746:
6744:
6734:
6732:
6722:
6720:
6710:
6708:
6698:
6696:
6686:
6684:
6674:
6672:
6662:
6660:
6650:
6648:
6638:
6636:
6624:
6614:
6612:
6602:
6600:
6590:
6588:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6560:al-Assad family
6471:: the King, or
6442:
6397:
6364:State of Kuwait
6348:
6294:
6216:
6184:Solomon Islands
6125:
6115:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6063:
6055:
6053:
6045:
6043:
6040:One-party state
6035:
6033:
6025:
6023:
6015:
6013:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5990:
5988:
5980:
5972:
5971:
5967:
5958:
5957:
5950:
5948:
5940:
5938:
5930:
5921:
5904:
5866:
5861:
5860:
5847:Democratisation
5840:Autocratization
5816:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5763:
5724:
5703:Tributary state
5693:Satellite state
5648:
5618:
5617:Power structure
5610:
5609:
5561:
5560:
5542:
5513:
5499:
5490:Totalitarianism
5440:
5439:
5421:
5372:
5371:
5352:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5314:
5306:
5271:
5263:
5194:
5186:
5133:
5124:
5123:Source of power
5101:Basic forms of
5095:Politics series
5082:
5075:
5073:
5061:
5059:
5052:
5050:
5043:
5041:
5034:
5019:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4966:
4954:
4950:
4939:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4876:
4874:
4864:
4852:
4811:
4807:
4800:
4794:
4770:
4764:
4740:dynastic period
4736:
4691:
4685:
4657:
4643:
4631:Imperial Russia
4604:French Republic
4592:Malay peninsula
4513:Pepin the Short
4511:. For example,
4501:prince-electors
4487:, monarchs are
4463:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4428:
4412:
4401:
4395:
4262:
4255:
4253:
4246:
4244:
4237:
4235:
4227:
4225:
4218:
4210:
4205:
4139:
4065:princely states
4061:paramount power
4037:
4031:
3873:(high king) or
3620:
3614:
3548:Dante Alighieri
3486:
3484:Role of monarch
3343:Guangxu Emperor
3331:
3163:political power
3100:
3092:Empire of China
3064:French Republic
3015:, monarchs are
2960:future monarchs
2944:royal household
2913:
2901:democratization
2771:town privileges
2747:parliamentarism
2682:, etc.) or as "
2622:divine ancestry
2583: 2600 BCE
2582:
2565: 3100 BCE
2564:
2538:tribal kingship
2515:
2437:
2423:
2407:Francoist Spain
2354:personal unions
2305:self-proclaimed
2214:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2101:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2048:
2047:
2038:
2037:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1991:Public interest
1976:Domestic policy
1966:
1959:
1958:
1947:
1946:
1911:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1891:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1719:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1621:Politics series
1610:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1079:Modern Cambodia
1052:
1016:
1000:
984:
975:Trienio Liberal
963:
921:
913:
912:
911:
801:
793:
792:
791:
786:
776:
766:
756:
746:
736:
726:
564:
556:
555:
554:
530:Self-proclaimed
395:
387:
386:
383:
351:
326:Politics series
315:
304:
303:
302:
297:
286:
280:
277:
262:
250:
246:
235:
224:
218:
215:
172:
170:
160:
148:
133:
122:
116:
113:
102:
89:
85:
48:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13958:
13948:
13947:
13942:
13937:
13932:
13927:
13910:
13909:
13907:
13906:
13900:
13897:
13896:
13894:
13893:
13886:
13881:
13876:
13874:Social justice
13871:
13866:
13861:
13856:
13851:
13850:
13849:
13844:
13839:
13829:
13824:
13819:
13814:
13809:
13804:
13799:
13794:
13789:
13784:
13782:Egalitarianism
13779:
13774:
13772:Contractualism
13769:
13764:
13759:
13753:
13751:
13747:
13746:
13744:
13743:
13733:
13723:
13713:
13703:
13693:
13683:
13673:
13663:
13653:
13643:
13633:
13623:
13613:
13603:
13593:
13583:
13573:
13563:
13553:
13543:
13533:
13522:
13520:
13516:
13515:
13512:
13511:
13509:
13508:
13503:
13498:
13493:
13488:
13483:
13478:
13473:
13468:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13403:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13373:
13368:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13348:
13343:
13338:
13333:
13328:
13323:
13318:
13313:
13308:
13303:
13298:
13293:
13288:
13283:
13278:
13273:
13268:
13263:
13258:
13253:
13248:
13243:
13238:
13233:
13228:
13223:
13218:
13213:
13208:
13203:
13198:
13193:
13188:
13183:
13178:
13172:
13170:
13164:
13163:
13161:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13095:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13055:
13050:
13045:
13040:
13039:
13038:
13028:
13023:
13022:
13021:
13011:
13006:
13001:
12996:
12991:
12986:
12981:
12976:
12971:
12966:
12961:
12956:
12951:
12946:
12941:
12936:
12931:
12926:
12921:
12916:
12911:
12905:
12903:
12897:
12896:
12894:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12837:
12836:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12785:
12783:
12777:
12776:
12774:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12758:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12738:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12718:
12713:
12708:
12702:
12700:
12696:
12695:
12693:
12692:
12687:
12682:
12677:
12672:
12667:
12666:
12665:
12655:
12650:
12645:
12640:
12635:
12630:
12625:
12620:
12614:
12612:
12605:
12599:
12598:
12596:
12595:
12590:
12585:
12580:
12575:
12570:
12568:Overton window
12565:
12560:
12555:
12550:
12541:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12521:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12477:
12471:
12469:
12465:
12464:
12462:
12461:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12416:
12411:
12406:
12401:
12399:Libertarianism
12396:
12391:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12371:
12366:
12361:
12356:
12351:
12346:
12341:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12311:
12305:
12303:
12299:
12298:
12296:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12234:
12232:
12228:
12227:
12225:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12169:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12149:
12144:
12139:
12134:
12129:
12124:
12119:
12114:
12109:
12104:
12099:
12094:
12089:
12084:
12079:
12074:
12069:
12063:
12061:
12057:
12056:
12049:
12048:
12041:
12034:
12026:
12017:
12016:
12014:
12013:
12008:
12003:
11998:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11973:
11967:
11965:
11961:
11960:
11958:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11936:
11934:
11928:
11927:
11925:
11924:
11919:
11913:
11911:
11905:
11904:
11902:
11901:
11894:
11892:
11888:
11887:
11885:
11884:
11881:Crown of Tonga
11877:
11875:
11869:
11868:
11866:
11865:
11858:
11856:
11850:
11849:
11847:
11846:
11840:
11834:
11828:
11821:
11819:
11815:
11814:
11812:
11811:
11805:
11799:
11793:
11787:
11781:
11774:
11772:
11768:
11767:
11765:
11764:
11763:
11762:
11756:
11745:
11738:
11736:
11732:
11731:
11729:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11667:
11665:
11661:
11660:
11658:
11657:
11651:
11648:Crown of Maria
11645:
11638:
11636:
11632:
11631:
11629:
11628:
11622:
11615:
11613:
11609:
11608:
11606:
11605:
11599:
11593:
11587:
11581:
11575:
11569:
11563:
11560:Homagial Crown
11557:
11551:
11545:
11539:
11532:
11530:
11526:
11525:
11523:
11522:
11516:
11510:
11503:
11501:
11497:
11496:
11494:
11493:
11487:
11485:
11481:
11480:
11478:
11477:
11471:
11465:
11459:
11457:
11453:
11452:
11450:
11449:
11444:
11438:
11436:
11432:
11431:
11429:
11428:
11425:Gediminas' Cap
11421:
11419:
11415:
11414:
11412:
11411:
11404:
11402:
11396:
11395:
11393:
11392:
11391:
11390:
11384:
11378:
11372:
11366:
11360:
11349:
11343:
11336:
11334:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11324:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11308:
11307:
11296:
11294:
11288:
11287:
11285:
11284:
11278:
11272:
11262:
11252:
11245:
11243:
11239:
11238:
11236:
11235:
11229:
11223:
11217:
11211:
11209:
11205:
11204:
11202:
11201:
11195:
11188:
11186:
11182:
11181:
11179:
11178:
11177:
11176:
11170:
11164:
11163:(Vatican City)
11161:Palatine Tiara
11158:
11152:
11151:(Vatican City)
11146:
11145:(Vatican City)
11140:
11139:(Vatican City)
11137:Napoleon Tiara
11134:
11133:(Vatican City)
11122:
11120:
11114:
11113:
11111:
11110:
11104:
11098:
11092:
11086:
11076:
11070:
11064:
11058:
11052:
11046:
11040:
11033:
11031:
11023:
11022:
11020:
11019:
11013:
11006:
11004:
10998:
10997:
10995:
10994:
10988:
10986:
10980:
10979:
10977:
10976:
10969:
10967:
10963:
10962:
10960:
10959:
10958:
10957:
10943:
10942:
10941:
10935:
10929:
10915:
10914:
10913:
10907:
10901:
10895:
10889:
10875:
10874:
10873:
10859:
10858:
10857:
10844:
10843:
10842:
10829:
10828:
10827:
10813:
10812:
10811:
10805:
10795:
10781:
10780:
10779:
10765:
10758:
10756:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10748:
10742:
10736:
10730:
10724:
10718:
10712:
10705:
10703:
10699:
10698:
10696:
10695:
10689:
10683:
10676:
10674:
10670:
10669:
10667:
10666:
10659:
10657:
10653:
10652:
10650:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10638:
10637:
10626:
10624:
10620:
10619:
10617:
10616:
10609:
10607:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10599:
10593:
10587:
10581:
10575:
10569:
10563:
10557:
10551:
10545:
10543:Diamond Diadem
10540:
10534:
10528:
10522:
10516:
10510:
10504:
10498:
10492:
10485:
10483:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10457:
10450:
10448:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10440:
10439:(Środa Śląska)
10434:
10427:
10425:
10419:
10418:
10416:
10415:
10409:
10403:
10397:
10387:
10381:
10374:
10372:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10364:
10357:
10355:
10351:
10350:
10343:
10342:
10335:
10328:
10320:
10311:
10310:
10307:
10306:
10304:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10234:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10192:
10186:
10184:
10180:
10179:
10177:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10095:
10093:
10089:
10088:
10086:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9988:Ottoman Empire
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9948:Kartli-Kakheti
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9809:
9807:
9803:
9802:
9800:
9799:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9630:
9623:
9618:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9572:
9570:
9566:
9565:
9563:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9506:
9504:
9500:
9499:
9497:
9496:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9357:Central Africa
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9318:
9316:
9309:
9303:
9302:
9299:
9298:
9296:
9295:
9293:United Kingdom
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9259:
9258:
9253:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9207:
9205:
9199:
9198:
9196:
9195:
9189:
9187:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9121:
9119:
9113:
9112:
9110:
9109:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9067:
9062:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9042:
9036:
9034:
9028:
9027:
9025:
9024:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9001:
8999:
8990:
8986:
8985:
8983:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8950:Prince regnant
8947:
8946:
8945:
8935:
8930:
8924:
8922:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8867:Decolonization
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8838:
8836:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8828:
8823:
8821:Personal union
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8791:Constitutional
8788:
8782:
8780:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8735:
8734:
8727:
8720:
8712:
8706:
8705:
8689:
8681:
8680:External links
8678:
8676:
8675:
8663:
8627:
8618:
8605:
8592:
8567:
8526:
8500:
8475:
8417:
8392:
8366:
8351:
8331:
8310:(2): 227–234.
8290:
8264:
8258:(2011-10-28).
8248:
8232:
8216:
8195:
8188:
8162:
8135:(1/2): 63–84.
8119:
8096:(5): 764–790.
8080:
8071:
8048:
8018:
7992:
7967:
7932:(3): 258–274.
7912:
7886:
7839:
7782:
7753:
7722:
7706:Dictionary.com
7693:
7664:
7640:
7628:
7621:
7604:
7595:
7589:. p. 63.
7574:
7560:
7553:
7533:
7526:
7506:
7475:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7431:
7415:Kennedy family
7406:
7394:Hafez al-Assad
7341:
7328:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7283:Personal union
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7164:
7163:
7162:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7141:
6995:
6981:
6967:
6953:
6939:
6925:
6901:Commonwealth:
6899:
6870:
6834:Principality:
6832:
6779:
6777:United Kingdom
6571:
6568:
6499:Order of Malta
6441:
6438:
6396:
6393:
6380:State of Qatar
6347:
6344:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6256:Roman Catholic
6215:
6212:
6208:state religion
6196:British Empire
6124:
6121:
6114:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6091:
6064:
6054:
6050:Military junta
6044:
6034:
6024:
6014:
6010:Supreme Leader
6000:
5989:
5979:
5975:Hybrid systems
5966:
5949:
5939:
5929:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5852:Hybrid regimes
5849:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5832:
5827:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5783:Regional power
5780:
5772:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5733:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5688:Puppet monarch
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5657:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5628:
5627:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5565:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5533:
5523:
5521:State religion
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5392:Constitutional
5389:
5384:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5353:
5351:Power ideology
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5318:
5317:
5315:(rule by none)
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5287:
5279:
5278:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5198:
5197:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5167:Representative
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5141:
5140:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5106:
5105:
5098:
5097:
5086:
5085:
5074:
5070:personal union
5060:
5051:
5042:
5033:
5021:
5020:
5003:
5002:
4957:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4940:
4855:
4853:
4846:
4841:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4805:
4796:Main article:
4793:
4790:
4763:
4760:
4744:dynastic union
4735:
4732:
4684:
4681:
4665:divine mandate
4661:Western Schism
4642:
4639:
4550:(who rules as
4519:) was elected
4465:
4464:
4415:
4413:
4406:
4394:
4391:
4356:United Kingdom
4290:head of family
4254:
4245:
4236:
4226:
4217:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4189:King of Norway
4138:
4135:
4109:city-state of
4033:Main article:
4030:
4027:
3970:Royal Highness
3954:nəgəstä nägäst
3877:(high queen),
3742:Roman imperial
3726:princely count
3613:
3610:
3586:dynastic union
3582:personal union
3526:state religion
3520:Fidei defensor
3485:
3482:
3439:personal union
3432:democratically
3330:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3308:were similar.
3256:medieval Japan
3222:Roman emperors
3212:. In the late
3206:
3205:
3204:
3179:prime minister
3175:reserve powers
3136:
3125:rule by decree
3099:
3096:
3054:and ruled the
3039:) is ancient.
2912:
2909:
2724:Roman Republic
2514:
2511:
2422:
2419:
2378:. As of 2024,
2256:sanction. The
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2055:
2049:
2046:Related topics
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1981:Foreign policy
1978:
1973:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:Policy studies
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1842:
1840:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1660:Primary topics
1659:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:Related topics
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1252:Traditionalist
1249:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1146:Great Officers
1143:
1132:
1131:
1129:Administration
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
987:
985:
983:
982:
977:
971:
969:
964:
962:
961:
956:
950:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
803:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
790:
789:
779:
769:
759:
749:
739:
729:
713:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
635:Crétineau-Joly
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
566:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
526:
525:
515:
510:
505:
500:
498:Personal union
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
453:Dynastic union
450:
449:
448:
438:
433:
428:
423:
421:Constitutional
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
382:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
355:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
336:
335:
329:
328:
317:
316:
299:
298:
253:
251:
244:
237:
236:
151:
149:
142:
135:
134:
92:
90:
83:
78:
52:
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13957:
13946:
13943:
13941:
13938:
13936:
13933:
13931:
13928:
13926:
13923:
13922:
13920:
13905:
13902:
13901:
13898:
13892:
13891:
13887:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13848:
13845:
13843:
13840:
13838:
13835:
13834:
13833:
13830:
13828:
13825:
13823:
13820:
13818:
13815:
13813:
13810:
13808:
13807:Jurisprudence
13805:
13803:
13800:
13798:
13795:
13793:
13790:
13788:
13785:
13783:
13780:
13778:
13775:
13773:
13770:
13768:
13765:
13763:
13760:
13758:
13755:
13754:
13752:
13748:
13739:
13738:
13734:
13729:
13728:
13724:
13719:
13718:
13714:
13709:
13708:
13704:
13699:
13698:
13694:
13689:
13688:
13684:
13679:
13678:
13674:
13669:
13668:
13664:
13659:
13658:
13654:
13649:
13648:
13644:
13639:
13638:
13637:Rights of Man
13634:
13629:
13628:
13624:
13619:
13618:
13614:
13609:
13608:
13604:
13599:
13598:
13594:
13589:
13588:
13584:
13579:
13578:
13574:
13569:
13568:
13564:
13559:
13558:
13554:
13549:
13548:
13547:De re publica
13544:
13539:
13538:
13534:
13529:
13528:
13524:
13523:
13521:
13517:
13507:
13504:
13502:
13499:
13497:
13494:
13492:
13489:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13479:
13477:
13474:
13472:
13469:
13467:
13464:
13462:
13459:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13374:
13372:
13369:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13354:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13327:
13324:
13322:
13319:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13309:
13307:
13304:
13302:
13299:
13297:
13294:
13292:
13289:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13267:
13264:
13262:
13259:
13257:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13247:
13244:
13242:
13239:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13229:
13227:
13224:
13222:
13219:
13217:
13214:
13212:
13209:
13207:
13204:
13202:
13199:
13197:
13194:
13192:
13189:
13187:
13184:
13182:
13179:
13177:
13174:
13173:
13171:
13167:20th and 21st
13165:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13094:
13091:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13054:
13051:
13049:
13046:
13044:
13041:
13037:
13034:
13033:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13020:
13017:
13016:
13015:
13012:
13010:
13007:
13005:
13002:
13000:
12997:
12995:
12992:
12990:
12987:
12985:
12982:
12980:
12977:
12975:
12972:
12970:
12967:
12965:
12962:
12960:
12957:
12955:
12952:
12950:
12947:
12945:
12942:
12940:
12937:
12935:
12932:
12930:
12927:
12925:
12922:
12920:
12917:
12915:
12912:
12910:
12907:
12906:
12904:
12900:18th and 19th
12898:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12869:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12835:
12832:
12831:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12786:
12784:
12778:
12772:
12769:
12767:
12764:
12762:
12759:
12757:
12756:Nizam al-Mulk
12754:
12752:
12749:
12747:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12707:
12704:
12703:
12701:
12697:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12664:
12661:
12660:
12659:
12656:
12654:
12651:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12641:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12629:
12626:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12616:
12615:
12613:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12600:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12579:
12576:
12574:
12571:
12569:
12566:
12564:
12561:
12559:
12556:
12554:
12551:
12548:
12547:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12490:
12487:
12484:
12483:
12478:
12476:
12473:
12472:
12470:
12466:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12439:Republicanism
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12415:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12405:
12402:
12400:
12397:
12395:
12392:
12390:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12375:
12372:
12370:
12367:
12365:
12362:
12360:
12357:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12337:
12335:
12332:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12310:
12307:
12306:
12304:
12300:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12235:
12233:
12229:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12168:
12165:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12143:
12140:
12138:
12135:
12133:
12130:
12128:
12125:
12123:
12120:
12118:
12115:
12113:
12110:
12108:
12105:
12103:
12100:
12098:
12095:
12093:
12090:
12088:
12085:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12064:
12062:
12058:
12054:
12047:
12042:
12040:
12035:
12033:
12028:
12027:
12024:
12012:
12009:
12007:
12004:
12002:
11999:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11981:Heir apparent
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11968:
11966:
11962:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11937:
11935:
11933:
11929:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11914:
11912:
11910:
11906:
11899:
11896:
11895:
11893:
11889:
11882:
11879:
11878:
11876:
11874:
11870:
11863:
11860:
11859:
11857:
11855:
11851:
11844:
11841:
11838:
11835:
11832:
11829:
11826:
11823:
11822:
11820:
11816:
11809:
11806:
11803:
11800:
11797:
11794:
11791:
11788:
11785:
11782:
11779:
11776:
11775:
11773:
11769:
11760:
11757:
11754:
11751:
11750:
11749:
11746:
11743:
11740:
11739:
11737:
11733:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11721:Maltese Crown
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11668:
11666:
11662:
11655:
11652:
11649:
11646:
11643:
11640:
11639:
11637:
11633:
11626:
11623:
11620:
11617:
11616:
11614:
11610:
11603:
11600:
11597:
11594:
11591:
11588:
11585:
11582:
11579:
11576:
11573:
11572:Queen's Crown
11570:
11567:
11566:Funeral Crown
11564:
11561:
11558:
11555:
11552:
11549:
11548:Muscovy Crown
11546:
11543:
11542:Swedish Crown
11540:
11537:
11534:
11533:
11531:
11527:
11520:
11517:
11514:
11511:
11508:
11505:
11504:
11502:
11498:
11492:
11489:
11488:
11486:
11482:
11475:
11472:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11460:
11458:
11454:
11448:
11445:
11443:
11440:
11439:
11437:
11433:
11426:
11423:
11422:
11420:
11416:
11409:
11406:
11405:
11403:
11401:
11400:Liechtenstein
11397:
11388:
11385:
11382:
11379:
11376:
11373:
11370:
11367:
11364:
11361:
11358:
11355:
11354:
11353:
11350:
11347:
11346:Crown of Gaya
11344:
11341:
11338:
11337:
11335:
11333:
11329:
11323:
11320:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11306:
11303:
11302:
11301:
11298:
11297:
11295:
11293:
11289:
11282:
11279:
11276:
11273:
11270:
11266:
11263:
11260:
11256:
11253:
11250:
11247:
11246:
11244:
11240:
11233:
11232:Pahlavi Crown
11230:
11227:
11224:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11212:
11210:
11206:
11199:
11196:
11193:
11190:
11189:
11187:
11183:
11174:
11171:
11168:
11165:
11162:
11159:
11156:
11153:
11150:
11149:Spanish Tiara
11147:
11144:
11141:
11138:
11135:
11132:
11129:
11128:
11127:
11124:
11123:
11121:
11119:
11115:
11108:
11105:
11102:
11099:
11096:
11093:
11090:
11087:
11084:
11080:
11077:
11074:
11071:
11068:
11065:
11062:
11059:
11056:
11053:
11050:
11047:
11044:
11041:
11038:
11035:
11034:
11032:
11030:
11024:
11017:
11014:
11011:
11008:
11007:
11005:
11003:
10999:
10993:
10990:
10989:
10987:
10985:
10981:
10974:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10964:
10955:
10952:
10951:
10949:
10948:
10944:
10939:
10936:
10933:
10930:
10927:
10924:
10923:
10921:
10920:
10916:
10911:
10908:
10905:
10902:
10899:
10896:
10893:
10890:
10887:
10884:
10883:
10881:
10880:
10876:
10871:
10870:Wendish Crown
10868:
10867:
10865:
10864:
10860:
10856:
10853:
10852:
10850:
10849:
10845:
10841:
10838:
10837:
10835:
10834:
10830:
10825:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10818:
10814:
10809:
10806:
10803:
10799:
10796:
10793:
10790:
10789:
10787:
10786:
10782:
10777:
10774:
10773:
10771:
10770:
10766:
10763:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10753:
10746:
10743:
10740:
10737:
10734:
10731:
10728:
10725:
10722:
10719:
10716:
10713:
10710:
10707:
10706:
10704:
10700:
10693:
10690:
10687:
10684:
10681:
10678:
10677:
10675:
10671:
10664:
10661:
10660:
10658:
10654:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10636:
10633:
10632:
10631:
10628:
10627:
10625:
10621:
10614:
10611:
10610:
10608:
10604:
10597:
10594:
10591:
10588:
10585:
10582:
10579:
10576:
10573:
10570:
10567:
10564:
10561:
10558:
10555:
10552:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10526:
10523:
10520:
10517:
10514:
10511:
10508:
10505:
10502:
10499:
10496:
10493:
10490:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10482:
10481:British Isles
10478:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10461:
10458:
10455:
10452:
10451:
10449:
10445:
10438:
10435:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10426:
10424:
10420:
10413:
10410:
10407:
10404:
10401:
10398:
10395:
10391:
10388:
10385:
10382:
10379:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10369:
10362:
10359:
10358:
10356:
10352:
10348:
10341:
10336:
10334:
10329:
10327:
10322:
10321:
10318:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10238:
10235:
10232:
10231:
10226:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10204:
10202:
10199:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10181:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10109:Easter Island
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10096:
10094:
10090:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9804:
9797:
9796:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9735:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9648:Jabal Shammar
9646:
9644:
9641:
9638:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9628:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9617:
9614:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9573:
9571:
9567:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9507:
9505:
9501:
9495:
9494:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9319:
9317:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9304:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9248:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9208:
9206:
9204:
9200:
9194:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9186:
9182:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9140:Liechtenstein
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9118:
9114:
9108:
9107:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9033:
9029:
9023:
9022:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9002:
9000:
8998:
8994:
8991:
8987:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8944:
8943:Queen regnant
8941:
8940:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8925:
8923:
8919:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8902:Republicanism
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8882:Head of state
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8839:
8837:
8833:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8816:Non-sovereign
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8802:
8799:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8783:
8781:
8777:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8740:
8733:
8728:
8726:
8721:
8719:
8714:
8713:
8710:
8702:
8701:
8695:
8690:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8672:
8667:
8651:
8647:
8646:
8641:
8634:
8632:
8622:
8615:
8609:
8602:
8596:
8581:
8577:
8571:
8563:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8530:
8515:
8511:
8504:
8489:
8485:
8479:
8471:
8458:
8450:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8427:
8421:
8406:
8402:
8396:
8381:
8377:
8370:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8348:
8345:. Routledge.
8344:
8343:
8335:
8327:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8309:
8305:
8304:European View
8301:
8294:
8278:
8274:
8268:
8261:
8257:
8252:
8245:
8241:
8236:
8229:
8225:
8220:
8213:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8200:
8191:
8185:
8181:
8177:
8173:
8166:
8158:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8142:
8138:
8134:
8130:
8129:Public Choice
8123:
8116:
8111:
8107:
8103:
8099:
8095:
8091:
8084:
8075:
8059:
8052:
8045:
8044:0-393-97351-4
8041:
8037:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8007:
8003:
7996:
7981:
7977:
7971:
7963:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7947:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7931:
7927:
7923:
7916:
7901:
7897:
7890:
7882:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7843:
7835:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7793:
7786:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7757:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7726:
7719:
7707:
7703:
7697:
7690:
7678:
7674:
7668:
7661:
7659:
7653:
7652:
7644:
7637:
7632:
7624:
7622:9781603849029
7618:
7614:
7608:
7599:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7578:
7571:
7570:
7564:
7556:
7550:
7546:
7545:
7537:
7529:
7523:
7519:
7518:
7510:
7495:
7491:
7490:
7485:
7479:
7464:
7460:
7454:
7450:
7435:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7410:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7374:Somoza family
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7348:Examples are
7345:
7338:
7332:
7325:
7319:
7315:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7160:
7154:
7149:
7140:
7128:
7116:
7104:
7092:
7080:
7068:
7056:
7044:
7032:
7020:
7008:
6996:
6994:
6982:
6980:
6968:
6966:
6955:Grand Duchy:
6954:
6952:
6940:
6938:
6926:
6924:
6912:
6900:
6898:
6896:
6883:
6871:
6869:
6857:
6856:Liechtenstein
6845:
6833:
6831:
6819:
6817:
6804:
6792:
6780:
6778:
6766:
6754:
6742:
6730:
6718:
6706:
6694:
6682:
6670:
6658:
6646:
6634:
6622:
6610:
6598:
6586:
6574:
6573:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6517:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6502:
6500:
6495:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6437:
6435:
6434:National Diet
6431:
6427:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6392:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6343:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6263:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6252:Protestantism
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6120:
6112:
6107:
6105:
6100:
6098:
6093:
6092:
6088:
6087:
6080:
6079:
6073:
6061:
6051:
6041:
6031:
6021:
6011:
6007:
5996:
5986:
5978:
5976:
5964:
5962:
5956:
5946:
5936:
5927:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5912:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5887:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5812:
5811:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5739:Confederation
5737:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:Unitary state
5632:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5614:
5613:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5537:
5536:State atheism
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5526:Secular state
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:Authoritarian
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5407:Parliamentary
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5348:
5347:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5195:(rule by few)
5193:
5190:
5189:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5081:
5071:
5067:
5058:
5049:
5040:
5031:
5027:
5026:
5017:
5014:
4999:
4996:
4988:
4985:November 2018
4978:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4958:This section
4956:
4947:
4946:
4937:
4934:
4926:
4923:November 2018
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4887:
4884: –
4883:
4879:
4878:Find sources:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4861:
4856:This section
4854:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4837:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4750:by diverging
4749:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4662:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4590:, all on the
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4505:free election
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4461:
4458:
4450:
4447:November 2018
4440:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4421:
4416:This section
4414:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4350:in 2009, and
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4286:Primogeniture
4283:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4261:
4252:
4243:
4233:
4224:
4214:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4166:state symbols
4162:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4147:nation states
4144:
4134:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4057:indirect rule
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3998:("Majesty"),
3997:
3994:("Majesty"),
3993:
3992:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3948:nəgusä nägäst
3944:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3919:(emperor) or
3918:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3863:(emperor) or
3862:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3839:(emperor) or
3838:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3823:(emperor) or
3822:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3515:
3514:imperial cult
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3420:prince-bishop
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3323:
3319:
3318:Juan Carlos I
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3274:Fascist Italy
3271:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:, and impose
3130:
3127:, promulgate
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2991:queen consort
2988:
2987:queen regnant
2984:
2980:
2976:
2975:primogeniture
2972:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:Liechtenstein
2883:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:infringements
2815:
2811:
2810:republicanism
2807:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:in 1649, the
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:Landsgemeinde
2752:
2748:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2546:Ancient Egypt
2543:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2445:Ancient Greek
2442:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2238:head of state
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Civil society
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1964:Public policy
1962:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1784:Parliamentary
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:Hybrid regime
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Regnal number
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
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180: –
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168:
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152:This article
150:
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117:November 2018
110:
109:the talk page
106:
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93:This article
91:
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13888:
13787:Elite theory
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13695:
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13655:
13645:
13635:
13625:
13615:
13605:
13595:
13585:
13575:
13565:
13555:
13545:
13535:
13525:
12824:Guicciardini
12780:Early modern
12603:Philosophers
12553:Open society
12489:Body politic
12359:Distributism
12349:Conservatism
12344:Confucianism
12272:
12263:Gerontocracy
12253:Dictatorship
12207:Sovereignty
12197:Ruling class
12087:Emancipation
12072:Citizenship
12011:Royal family
11995:
11976:Crown jewels
11931:
11908:
11898:Crown of Rus
11883:(Nukuʻalofa)
11602:Płock Diadem
11387:Silver Crown
11126:Papal tiaras
10945:
10917:
10877:
10861:
10846:
10831:
10815:
10783:
10767:
10694:(Copenhagen)
10688:(Copenhagen)
10682:(Copenhagen)
10642:Tongtianguan
10462:(Petrópolis)
10456:(Petrópolis)
10402:(Mariastein)
10286:South Africa
10281:Sierra Leone
10228:
10058:Two Sicilies
9993:Papal States
9793:
9732:
9625:
9491:
9251:Cook Islands
9104:
9090:Saudi Arabia
9019:
8738:
8698:
8666:
8654:. Retrieved
8650:the original
8643:
8621:
8613:
8608:
8600:
8595:
8586:November 12,
8584:, retrieved
8579:
8570:
8543:
8539:
8529:
8517:. Retrieved
8513:
8503:
8493:November 12,
8491:. Retrieved
8487:
8478:
8466:|title=
8457:cite journal
8429:
8425:
8420:
8408:. Retrieved
8404:
8395:
8383:. Retrieved
8379:
8369:
8341:
8334:
8307:
8303:
8293:
8281:. Retrieved
8276:
8267:
8259:
8251:
8243:
8235:
8227:
8219:
8209:
8171:
8165:
8132:
8128:
8122:
8113:
8093:
8089:
8083:
8074:
8062:. Retrieved
8051:
8029:
8021:
8009:. Retrieved
8005:
7995:
7983:. Retrieved
7979:
7970:
7929:
7925:
7915:
7905:February 28,
7903:. Retrieved
7899:
7889:
7859:(2): 47–61.
7856:
7852:
7842:
7799:
7795:
7785:
7761:
7756:
7746:December 18,
7744:. Retrieved
7725:
7716:
7711:February 18,
7709:. Retrieved
7705:
7696:
7687:
7682:February 18,
7680:. Retrieved
7676:
7667:
7657:
7655:
7650:
7643:
7635:
7631:
7612:
7607:
7598:
7590:
7582:
7577:
7567:
7563:
7543:
7536:
7516:
7509:
7497:. Retrieved
7488:
7478:
7468:February 28,
7466:. Retrieved
7462:
7453:
7434:
7409:
7344:
7331:
7318:
7288:Royal Family
6885:
6872:Federation:
6830:Vatican City
6806:
6717:Saudi Arabia
6555:
6540:
6518:
6503:
6496:
6481:
6466:
6443:
6398:
6349:
6317:
6295:
6264:
6259:
6217:
6126:
6118:
6071:
5973:
5959:
5922:
5914:
5788:Middle power
5715:Vassal state
5709:Buffer state
5707:
5683:Puppet state
5678:Protectorate
5654:Client state
5644:Principality
5470:Distributism
5412:Presidential
5290:Dictatorship
5214:Gerontocracy
5136:rule by many
5109:
5093:Part of the
5009:
4991:
4982:
4959:
4929:
4920:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4877:
4865:Please help
4860:verification
4857:
4833:
4826:
4820:
4819:Please help
4816:
4782:Hong Xiuquan
4771:
4737:
4722:
4719:
4692:
4689:Enthronement
4683:By accession
4658:
4624:
4619:
4541:
4482:
4474:Pope Francis
4453:
4444:
4429:Please help
4417:
4387:Saudi Arabia
4376:
4364:
4329:
4298:
4284:
4276:royal family
4265:
4182:
4163:
4140:
4128:
4114:
4096:
4080:South Africa
4073:
4049:puppet state
4038:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3959:
3953:
3946:
3936:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3896:
3895:(queen) and
3890:
3884:
3878:
3874:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3801:(princess),
3755:Muslim world
3752:
3745:
3707:
3684:early modern
3655:
3649:
3635:
3579:
3567:Saudi Arabia
3564:
3552:De Monarchia
3551:
3545:
3536:
3530:
3510:incarnations
3487:
3478:enthronement
3471:
3465:
3458:
3447:
3436:
3427:
3418:in Spain (a
3398:
3348:
3265:
3259:
3241:
3214:Roman Empire
3187:Royal Assent
3144:constitution
3070:. President
3060:First Consul
3041:
3010:
3003:
2964:
2940:royal family
2933:
2928:Allan Ramsay
2898:
2894:
2875:
2852:
2848:World War II
2833:conservative
2826:
2803:
2794:
2760:
2754:
2753:, the Swiss
2744:
2734:, 500 BCE).
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2630:
2602:Mesopotamian
2587:
2569:Enmebaragesi
2531:
2506:
2438:
2427:King (title)
2404:
2396:constitution
2366:
2331:
2308:
2286:
2264:), to fully
2246:divine right
2221:
2219:
1914:street-level
1789:Presidential
1778:
1749:Dictatorship
1619:Part of the
1382:Illegitimate
1377:Family trees
1242:Conservatism
1207:Royal assent
991:Liberal Wars
781:
771:
761:
751:
741:
731:
721:
715:
714:
569:Philosophers
568:
567:
508:Principality
332:
324:Part of the
305:
287:
278:
255:
225:
216:
206:
199:
192:
185:
173:
161:Please help
156:verification
153:
123:
114:
103:Please help
94:
70:
63:
57:
56:Please help
53:
29:
13661:(1835–1840)
13541:(c. 350 BC)
13531:(c. 375 BC)
13148:Tocqueville
13113:Saint-Simon
13078:Montesquieu
12929:Bolingbroke
12861:Machiavelli
12741:Ibn Khaldun
12706:Alpharabius
12699:Middle Ages
12524:Natural law
12499:Common good
12424:Nationalism
12384:Imperialism
12354:Corporatism
12329:Colonialism
12309:Agrarianism
12288:Technocracy
12268:Meritocracy
12248:Bureaucracy
12238:Aristocracy
11845:(Stockholm)
11839:(Stockholm)
11833:(Stockholm)
11827:(Stockholm)
11656:(Bucharest)
11650:(Bucharest)
11644:(Bucharest)
11574:(destroyed)
11562:(destroyed)
11556:(destroyed)
11550:(destroyed)
11544:(destroyed)
11521:(Trondheim)
11515:(Trondheim)
11509:(Trondheim)
11484:Netherlands
11470:(destroyed)
11226:Kiani Crown
11061:Essen Crown
10956:(Stuttgart)
10947:Württemberg
10863:Mecklenburg
10817:Brandenburg
10778:(Karlsruhe)
10741:(destroyed)
10723:(destroyed)
10717:(destroyed)
10711:(destroyed)
10521:(destroyed)
10519:Tudor Crown
10503:(Edinburgh)
10396:) (missing)
10225:British Raj
10197:(Sri Lanka)
10083:Württemberg
9795:South Yemen
9683:Maguindanao
9576:Afghanistan
9337:Barotseland
9273:Saint Lucia
9246:New Zealand
9155:Netherlands
8928:Chhatrapati
8912:Sovereignty
8852:Aristocracy
8614:The Society
8011:February 5,
7817:10852/84589
7494:BBC Radio 4
7489:In Our Time
7370:North Korea
7366:Kim Jong Il
7362:Kim il-Sung
7103:Saint Lucia
7091:New Zealand
6927:Sultanate:
6537:Kim Jong Un
6533:Kim Jong Il
6529:Kim Il Sung
6525:North Korea
6421:Khmer Rouge
6176:Saint Lucia
6164:New Zealand
5793:Great power
5778:Small power
5720:Viceroyalty
5591:Nationalism
5455:Colonialism
5435:Libertarian
5397:Directorial
5274:rule by one
5254:Technocracy
5249:Stratocracy
5229:Meritocracy
5219:Kleptocracy
5209:Aristocracy
4715:coronations
4673:coup d'état
4517:Charlemagne
4515:(father of
4499:(chosen by
4399:Jure uxoris
4368:Middle Ages
4336:Netherlands
4195:(e.g., the
4187:(e.g., the
4185:territories
4069:British Raj
4000:Tennō Heika
3883:(king) and
3842:josei tennō
3781:(emperor),
3769:(emperor),
3627:Tewodros II
3608:and state.
3560:Melchizedek
3537:On Kingship
3506:sacred king
3363:William III
3248:democracies
3169:, granting
3159:legislature
3133:punishments
3084:Yuan Shikai
3068:18 Brumaire
2999:democracies
2956:generations
2863:Charles III
2844:World War I
2837:reactionary
2822:North Korea
2711:Arthasastra
2636:aristocracy
2542:Mesopotamia
2431:Rex (title)
2386:that share
2376:World War I
2350:federations
2315:Aristocrats
2299:. However,
2278:legislative
2053:Sovereignty
2018:Legislature
1921:Technocracy
1909:Bureaucracy
1774:Meritocracy
1754:Directorial
1537:Interregnum
1502:Regnal list
1407:presumptive
1232:Bonapartism
1178:Royal guard
1141:Appointment
1106:Aristocracy
931:Magna Carta
897:Zhirinovsky
800:Politicians
727:(1265-1266)
655:Kierkegaard
13919:Categories
13869:Separatism
13677:On Liberty
13577:The Prince
13306:Huntington
12809:Campanella
12736:al-Ghazali
12685:Thucydides
12643:Lactantius
12588:Statolatry
12414:Monarchism
12394:Liberalism
12319:Capitalism
12302:Ideologies
12283:Plutocracy
12231:Government
12187:Revolution
12172:Propaganda
12122:Legitimacy
12097:Government
11971:Coronation
11864:(Punaauia)
11780:(heraldic)
11744:(Belgrade)
11435:Madagascar
11389:(Gyeongju)
11383:(Gyeongju)
11365:(Gyeongju)
11359:(Gyeongju)
11249:Iron Crown
11194:(Budapest)
11085:) (Munich)
11043:Iron Crown
11027:Holy Roman
11018:(Honolulu)
11012:(Honolulu)
10872:(heraldic)
10804:) (Munich)
10764:(heraldic)
10635:Yishanguan
10291:Tanganyika
10206:The Gambia
10134:Niuē-Fekai
10073:Yugoslavia
9973:Montenegro
9780:Upper Yafa
9775:Upper Asir
9412:Madagascar
9145:Luxembourg
8877:Government
8842:Abdication
8811:Hereditary
8739:Monarchies
8064:August 14,
8038:. p. 274.
7985:August 30,
7446:References
7263:Monarchism
6965:Luxembourg
6897:(de facto)
6818:(de facto)
6477:Ndlovukati
6386:, and the
6246:, and the
6008:republic:
6006:Theocratic
5917:government
5798:Superpower
5754:Superstate
5749:Federation
5744:Devolution
5730:Federalism
5571:City-state
5244:Plutocracy
5239:Particracy
5103:government
4969:improve it
4893:newspapers
4882:"Monarchy"
4822:improve it
4778:legitimacy
4774:pretenders
4756:legitimism
4748:challenged
4695:proclaimed
4687:See also:
4645:See also:
4620:ex officio
4397:See also:
4352:Luxembourg
4203:Succession
4178:succession
4067:under the
4045:suzerainty
3889:(king) or
3851:(king) or
3789:(king) or
3779:shâhanshâh
3736:(ц︢рь) or
3668:grand duke
3656:imperatrix
3616:See also:
3604:monarchy,
3590:real union
3556:Ghibelline
3474:coronation
3467:Abdication
3428:ex officio
3422:) and the
3298:Iron Guard
3296:under the
3264:, was the
3148:figurehead
2997:) in many
2967:succession
2861:that have
2840:monarchism
2829:radicalism
2814:monarchism
2762:Tagsatzung
2759:and later
2652:ochlocracy
2415:Horthy era
2329:elements.
2327:oligarchic
2293:hereditary
2289:succession
2266:autocratic
2242:abdication
2143:Governance
2133:Government
2128:Federalism
1729:City-state
1522:Succession
1394:Figurehead
1345:Coronation
1294:Luxembourg
1274:Legitimism
1269:Jacobitism
832:Metternich
763:Patriarcha
660:Dostoevsky
590:Bellarmine
563:Philosophy
513:Real union
478:Hereditary
364:Monarchism
265:improve it
219:March 2020
189:newspapers
178:"Monarchy"
99:to readers
59:improve it
18:Monarchies
13587:Leviathan
13567:Monarchia
13561:(c. 1274)
13396:Oakeshott
13341:Mansfield
13336:Luxemburg
13321:Kropotkin
13216:Bernstein
13169:centuries
13083:Nietzsche
13026:Jefferson
12954:Condorcet
12902:centuries
12881:Pufendorf
12746:Marsilius
12633:Confucius
12618:Aristotle
12611:Antiquity
12539:Noble lie
12459:Third Way
12454:Socialism
12379:Feudalism
12334:Communism
12314:Anarchism
12293:Theocracy
12278:Oligarchy
12258:Democracy
12243:Autocracy
12157:Pluralism
12142:Obedience
12107:Hierarchy
12067:Authority
11900:(missing)
11804:(Seville)
11798:(Granada)
11755:(Cetinje)
11586:(Dresden)
11580:(Dresden)
11568:(missing)
11427:(missing)
11418:Lithuania
11283:(Palermo)
11277:(missing)
11271:) (Monza)
11261:) (Turin)
11169:(Bergamo)
10940:(Dresden)
10934:(Dresden)
10928:(Dresden)
10906:(missing)
10900:(missing)
10665:(missing)
10615:(missing)
10261:Mauritius
10154:Rarotonga
10139:Nuku Hiva
10129:Mangareva
10104:Bora Bora
9983:Neuchâtel
9953:Lithuania
9858:Catalonia
9745:Sri Lanka
9698:Manchukuo
9673:Kurdistan
9627:Indonesia
9550:Talamanca
9510:Araucanía
9493:and other
9472:Wassoulou
9216:Australia
8892:Oligarchy
8688:in the UK
8645:The Times
8562:1930-3777
8519:August 8,
8446:0001-9844
8410:April 16,
8385:April 16,
8380:Brookings
8361:920786632
8326:1781-6858
8283:August 1,
8206:Tronföljd
8157:154097838
8149:0048-5829
7962:144455583
7946:0735-0198
7881:258184108
7873:1086-3214
7834:225612565
7826:0010-4140
7499:March 29,
7378:Nicaragua
7324:autocracy
7278:Pretender
7178:Autocracy
6983:Emirate:
6911:Australia
6575:Kingdom:
6562:, ruling
6473:Ngwenyama
6450:Polynesia
6312:gave the
5625:Unitarism
5601:Globalism
5507:Religious
5495:Tribalism
5485:Socialism
5480:Feudalism
5465:Despotism
5460:Communism
5450:Anarchism
5387:Communist
5334:Stateless
5324:Anarchism
5285:Despotism
5269:Autocracy
5259:Theocracy
5224:Kritarchy
5192:Oligarchy
5177:Socialist
5131:Democracy
4973:verifying
4828:talk page
4734:Dynasties
4705:, seats,
4608:Co-Prince
4566:. In the
4552:Sovereign
4418:does not
4346:in 1991,
4342:in 1990,
4338:in 1983,
4330:In 1980,
4321:Leopold I
4302:coregency
4294:Salic law
4174:the Crown
4149:and even
4137:Statehood
4092:chiefdoms
4015:antipopes
3813:(used in
3793:(queen),
3714:(German:
3700:(German:
3690:(German:
3651:imperator
3598:composite
3490:religious
3461:pretender
3426:(derived
3390:Charles I
3155:sovereign
3082:in 1976.
2983:Salic law
2806:republics
2799:Tom Paine
2716:abolished
2694:basilissa
2689:basilinna
2648:oligarchy
2640:democracy
2618:sacrifice
2458:monárkhēs
2441:monarchia
2421:Etymology
2369:republics
2297:dynasties
2284:domains.
2274:executive
2254:religious
2123:Unitarism
2111:Elections
2099:Subseries
2028:Judiciary
2023:Executive
1926:Adhocracy
1809:Theocracy
1764:Feudalism
1744:Democracy
1542:Rebellion
1527:Anti-king
1512:Sovereign
1463:Pretender
1414:Kingmaker
1350:Criticism
1301:Orléanism
1279:Miguelism
1259:Despotism
1227:Alfonsism
1171:Favourite
1161:Camarilla
1151:Household
1116:Oligarchy
1111:Autocracy
887:Churchill
753:Leviathan
733:Monarchia
675:Bainville
550:Universal
523:Coregency
493:Pentarchy
416:Composite
269:verifying
65:talk page
13925:Monarchy
13842:Centrism
13537:Politics
13527:Republic
13496:Voegelin
13476:Spengler
13461:Shariati
13436:Rothbard
13391:Nussbaum
13291:Habermas
13266:Fukuyama
13256:Foucault
13181:Ambedkar
13158:Voltaire
13128:de Staël
13103:Rousseau
12984:Franklin
12959:Constant
12919:Beccaria
12751:Muhammad
12731:Gelasius
12716:Averroes
12690:Xenophon
12670:Polybius
12623:Chanakya
12468:Concepts
12434:Populism
12404:Localism
12389:Islamism
12374:Feminism
12273:Monarchy
12177:Property
12167:Progress
12132:Monopoly
12102:Hegemony
11996:Monarchy
11964:See also
11810:(Toledo)
11792:(Toledo)
11786:(Madrid)
11761:(Vienna)
11627:(Lisbon)
11621:(Lisbon)
11612:Portugal
11598:(Warsaw)
11592:(Warsaw)
11476:(Vienna)
11348:(Yongin)
11342:(Gongju)
11234:(Tehran)
11228:(Tehran)
11222:(Tehran)
11200:(Vienna)
11118:Holy See
11103:(Speyer)
11097:(Munich)
11091:(Munich)
11075:(Aachen)
11069:(Aachen)
11057:(Munich)
11051:(Vienna)
11039:(Vienna)
10975:(Athens)
10894:(Berlin)
10888:(Berlin)
10826:(Berlin)
10810:(Munich)
10794:(Munich)
10647:Mianguan
10606:Bulgaria
10598:(London)
10592:(London)
10586:(London)
10580:(London)
10574:(London)
10568:(London)
10562:(London)
10556:(London)
10550:(London)
10539:(London)
10533:(London)
10527:(London)
10515:(London)
10509:(London)
10497:(Aachen)
10491:(Munich)
10433:(Prague)
10414:(Vienna)
10386:(Vienna)
10363:(Vienna)
10276:Rhodesia
10271:Pakistan
10190:Barbados
10159:Rimatara
10149:Rapa Iti
10078:Valencia
10053:Tavolara
10043:Scotland
10008:Portugal
9968:Moldavia
9853:Bulgaria
9848:Brittany
9823:Asturias
9703:Mongolia
9693:Maldives
9555:Trinidad
9545:Suriname
9503:Americas
9487:Zimbabwe
9482:Zanzibar
9467:Wituland
9442:Ngazidja
9437:Ndzuwani
9372:Ethiopia
9095:Thailand
9075:Malaysia
9055:Cambodia
9005:Eswatini
8801:Elective
8786:Absolute
8656:April 9,
8514:ABC News
8488:BTI 2022
8277:BBC News
8246:, p. 16.
8230:, p. 16.
8110:10075481
7954:23064026
7740:Archived
7658:republic
7145:See also
7079:Malaysia
6941:Nation:
6895:Malaysia
6753:Thailand
6645:Eswatini
6621:Cambodia
6541:de facto
6488:Holy See
6456:and the
6368:Malaysia
6304:and the
6273:and the
6190:and the
6086:de facto
5673:Dominion
5402:Legalist
5382:Absolute
5367:Republic
5362:Monarchy
5234:Noocracy
5204:Anocracy
5157:Economic
5147:Demarchy
4784:and his
4703:insignia
4699:invested
4576:Malaysia
4379:tanistry
4260:Elective
4170:insignia
4143:polities
4076:Botswana
4059:under a
4053:hegemony
3901:Mongolic
3875:maharani
3870:mahārāja
3767:padishah
3763:Muhammad
3738:tsaritsa
3717:Burggraf
3712:burgrave
3703:Markgraf
3698:margrave
3693:Kurfürst
3676:princess
3406:between
3404:Pyrenees
3375:Scotland
3266:de facto
3252:Thailand
3243:ecclesia
3230:Ghilmans
3121:autocrat
3031:and the
3029:Malaysia
3025:Cambodia
2890:Thailand
2835:or even
2698:basileia
2679:tyrannos
2667:basileus
2632:Polybius
2590:Egyptian
2575:King of
2573:Sumerian
2548:and the
2534:chiefdom
2507:monarchy
2451:μονάρχης
2301:elective
2282:judicial
2250:blessing
2222:monarchy
2151:Ideology
1969:doctrine
1930:Service
1794:Republic
1779:Monarchy
1759:Federacy
1648:Category
1628:Politics
1497:Regicide
1441:Nobility
1402:apparent
1306:Royalism
1284:Orangism
1166:Courtier
892:Renouvin
867:Bismarck
862:Castillo
852:Disraeli
842:Polignac
822:Consalvi
723:De Regno
695:Bogdanor
545:Triarchy
540:Tetrarch
535:Signoria
468:Ethnarch
458:Elective
406:Absolute
333:Monarchy
13879:Statism
13792:Elitism
13750:Related
13551:(51 BC)
13481:Strauss
13456:Scruton
13451:Schmitt
13441:Russell
13361:Michels
13356:Maurras
13351:Marcuse
13311:Kautsky
13281:Gramsci
13276:Gentile
13246:Dworkin
13236:Du Bois
13231:Dmowski
13226:Chomsky
13221:Burnham
13206:Benoist
13176:Agamben
13143:Thoreau
13133:Stirner
13123:Spencer
13068:Mazzini
13058:Maistre
13053:Madison
13048:Le Play
12979:Fourier
12944:Carlyle
12924:Bentham
12914:Bastiat
12909:Bakunin
12886:Spinoza
12876:Müntzer
12846:Leibniz
12819:Grotius
12799:Bossuet
12766:Plethon
12711:Aquinas
12680:Sun Tzu
12648:Mencius
12638:Han Fei
12409:Marxism
12369:Fascism
12202:Society
12127:Liberty
12112:Justice
12092:Freedom
12006:Regalia
11891:Ukraine
11635:Romania
11604:(Płock)
11377:(Seoul)
11371:(Seoul)
11312:Kanmuri
11251:(Monza)
11185:Hungary
11063:(Essen)
11045:(Monza)
10879:Prussia
10848:Hanover
10785:Bavaria
10755:Germany
10747:(Paris)
10735:(Paris)
10729:(Paris)
10673:Denmark
10656:Croatia
10423:Bohemia
10371:Austria
10354:Albania
10266:Nigeria
10241:Ireland
10169:Tahuata
10144:Raiatea
10124:Huahine
10099:Abemama
10092:Oceania
10063:Tuscany
10018:Romania
10013:Prussia
9978:Navarre
9958:Majorca
9938:Ireland
9933:Imereti
9928:Iceland
9923:Hungary
9918:Hanover
9913:Granada
9903:Germany
9898:Georgia
9893:Galicia
9883:Finland
9873:Corsica
9868:Cilicia
9838:Bavaria
9828:Austria
9813:Albania
9785:Vietnam
9728:Sarawak
9718:Qu'aiti
9653:Kathiri
9616:Dapitan
9591:Bukhara
9540:Miskito
9462:Tunisia
9452:Shilluk
9362:Dahomey
9352:Burundi
9342:Bagirmi
9322:Adamawa
9241:Jamaica
9236:Grenada
9221:Bahamas
9185:Oceania
9135:Denmark
9130:Belgium
9125:Andorra
9040:Bahrain
9015:Morocco
9010:Lesotho
8989:Current
8980:Pharaoh
8933:Emperor
8872:Dynasty
8826:Regency
8806:Federal
8796:Diarchy
8750:Monarch
8260:BBC.com
8242:1977:5
8226:1977:5
8028:(1999)
7356:in the
7193:Diarchy
7055:Jamaica
7043:Grenada
6923:Bahamas
6844:Andorra
6781:State:
6681:Morocco
6669:Lesotho
6597:Belgium
6585:Bahrain
6556:de jure
6469:diarchy
6426:emperor
6319:Landtag
6267:diarchy
6160:Jamaica
6156:Grenada
6078:de jure
5815:Related
5510:Secular
5475:Fascism
5312:Anarchy
5302:Tyranny
5162:Liberal
4967:Please
4907:scholar
4752:lineage
4600:Andorra
4584:sultans
4560:elected
4554:of the
4546:of the
4489:elected
4439:removed
4424:sources
4348:Denmark
4344:Belgium
4280:dynasty
4193:peoples
4099:Nigeria
4041:vassals
3966:Majesty
3938:pharaoh
3860:hwangje
3854:yeowang
3825:nǚhuáng
3820:huángdì
3807:sheikha
3791:malikah
3775:sultana
3753:In the
3708:marquis
3688:elector
3642:emperor
3602:unitary
3594:federal
3400:Andorra
3382:Peter I
3371:England
3367:Mary II
3351:diarchy
3314:Bourbon
3294:Romania
3286:Fascist
3254:and in
3236:and of
3234:Macedon
3171:honours
3167:pardons
3074:of the
3062:of the
3017:elected
2952:dynasty
2878:Morocco
2855:monarch
2777:by the
2702:basilis
2644:tyranny
2606:Sudanic
2594:Chinese
2558:Pharaoh
2513:History
2411:regency
2362:vassals
2338:empress
2334:emperor
2230:monarch
2156:Culture
2066:Country
1724:Anarchy
1638:Outline
1554:Usurper
1446:Peerage
1424:Current
1372:Descent
1355:Dynasty
1318:Toryism
1289:Belgium
1237:Carlism
1200:Riksråd
1195:Makhzen
1156:Retinue
920:History
882:Metaxas
877:Maurras
847:Decazes
837:Villèle
827:Plessis
812:Pius VI
807:Mazarin
700:Scruton
670:Maurras
625:Novalis
610:Maistre
605:Bossuet
575:Aquinas
518:Regency
503:Popular
483:Khanate
473:Federal
463:Emirate
431:Diarchy
359:Monarch
263:Please
203:scholar
95:may be
13935:Titles
13741:(1992)
13731:(1971)
13721:(1951)
13711:(1945)
13701:(1944)
13691:(1929)
13681:(1859)
13671:(1848)
13651:(1820)
13641:(1791)
13631:(1790)
13621:(1762)
13611:(1748)
13601:(1689)
13591:(1651)
13581:(1532)
13571:(1313)
13501:Walzer
13491:Taylor
13446:Sartre
13411:Popper
13406:Pareto
13401:Ortega
13386:Nozick
13376:Mouffe
13326:Laclau
13286:Guénon
13271:Gandhi
13211:Berlin
13201:Bauman
13196:Badiou
13186:Arendt
13153:Tucker
13043:Le Bon
13004:Herder
12994:Haller
12989:Godwin
12974:Fichte
12969:Engels
12964:Cortés
12934:Bonald
12891:Suárez
12866:Milton
12856:Luther
12829:Hobbes
12814:Filmer
12804:Calvin
12789:Boétie
12782:period
12761:Ockham
12628:Cicero
12429:Nazism
12217:Utopia
12192:Rights
12182:Regime
12152:People
12137:Nation
11909:Africa
11854:Tahiti
11818:Sweden
11735:Serbia
11664:Russia
11529:Poland
11500:Norway
11456:Mexico
11317:Raikan
11300:Benkan
11029:Empire
11002:Hawaii
10966:Greece
10919:Saxony
10702:France
10447:Brazil
10408:(Graz)
10347:Crowns
10301:Uganda
10251:Malawi
10216:Guyana
10195:Ceylon
10174:Tahiti
10164:Rurutu
10119:Hawaii
10048:Serbia
10033:Saxony
10023:Russia
9908:Greece
9888:France
9878:Cyprus
9863:Crimea
9843:Bosnia
9818:Aragon
9806:Europe
9770:Taiwan
9740:Sikkim
9723:Ryukyu
9708:Najran
9606:Chehab
9586:Bengal
9535:Mexico
9520:Brazil
9447:Rwanda
9427:Maravi
9327:Ankole
9315:Africa
9307:Former
9288:Tuvalu
9231:Canada
9226:Belize
9170:Sweden
9160:Norway
9150:Monaco
9117:Europe
9070:Kuwait
9065:Jordan
9050:Brunei
9045:Bhutan
8997:Africa
8970:Sultan
8921:Titles
8835:Topics
8560:
8444:
8359:
8349:
8324:
8186:
8155:
8147:
8108:
8042:
7960:
7952:
7944:
7879:
7871:
7832:
7824:
7776:
7718:state.
7619:
7551:
7524:
7425:. See
7392:, and
7372:, the
7198:Empire
7139:Tuvalu
7136:
7124:
7112:
7100:
7088:
7076:
7064:
7052:
7040:
7031:Canada
7028:
7019:Belize
7016:
7004:
6997:None:
6990:
6976:
6962:
6948:
6934:
6920:
6908:
6892:
6879:
6868:Monaco
6865:
6853:
6841:
6827:
6813:
6800:
6791:Kuwait
6788:
6774:
6762:
6750:
6741:Sweden
6738:
6726:
6714:
6705:Norway
6702:
6690:
6678:
6666:
6657:Jordan
6654:
6642:
6630:
6618:
6609:Bhutan
6606:
6594:
6582:
6552:Baekdu
6452:; the
6411:, and
6407:, the
6403:, the
6382:, the
6378:, the
6374:, the
6370:, the
6362:, the
6358:, the
6354:, the
6338:, and
6242:, the
6238:, the
6234:, the
6230:, the
6226:, the
6222:, the
6188:Tuvalu
6182:, the
6170:, the
6166:, the
6152:Canada
6148:Belize
6142:, the
6138:, the
6066:
6058:
6056:
6048:
6046:
6038:
6036:
6028:
6026:
6018:
6016:
6004:
6002:
5993:
5991:
5983:
5981:
5968:
5953:
5951:
5943:
5941:
5933:
5931:
5639:Empire
5551:Global
5182:Others
5172:Social
5152:Direct
5078:
5076:
5064:
5062:
5055:
5053:
5046:
5044:
5037:
5035:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4880:
4711:titles
4653:, and
4627:Jordan
4594:. The
4588:states
4570:, the
4533:Gallic
4483:In an
4340:Norway
4332:Sweden
4258:
4256:
4249:
4247:
4240:
4238:
4230:
4228:
4221:
4219:
4191:) and
4155:nation
4131:Africa
4124:nobles
4107:Yoruba
4088:Uganda
3996:Jeonha
3962:styles
3928:khanum
3922:khatun
3916:khagan
3905:Turkic
3830:tiānzǐ
3803:sheikh
3771:sultan
3759:caliph
3747:Caesar
3744:title
3672:prince
3638:titles
3569:, the
3541:Church
3450:regent
3412:France
3388:, and
3359:Sparta
3320:, and
3316:heir,
3302:Greece
3276:, the
3261:shōgun
3238:Epirus
3228:, the
3216:, the
3173:, and
3151:symbol
3115:In an
3037:papacy
2977:, and
2930:, 1762
2888:, and
2831:) and
2728:Athens
2706:regina
2661:archon
2650:, and
2638:, and
2598:Indian
2567:, and
2554:Narmer
2501:árkhōn
2433:, and
2358:realms
2344:, and
2280:, and
2234:reigns
2116:voting
2058:Polity
1956:Policy
1935:Public
1849:theory
1532:Crisis
1485:Empire
1429:Former
1367:Family
1099:Polity
857:Cortés
787:(2001)
777:(1796)
767:(1680)
757:(1651)
747:(1576)
737:(1313)
710:Yarvin
665:Youwei
650:Balmes
645:Cortés
630:Balzac
615:Bonald
600:Hobbes
595:Filmer
205:
198:
191:
184:
176:
13890:Index
13519:Works
13506:Weber
13471:Spann
13466:Sorel
13431:Röpke
13426:Rawls
13381:Negri
13371:Mosca
13366:Mises
13331:Lenin
13301:Hoppe
13296:Hayek
13261:Fromm
13251:Evola
13241:Dugin
13138:Taine
13118:Smith
13098:Renan
13093:Paine
13014:Iqbal
12999:Hegel
12949:Comte
12939:Burke
12851:Locke
12841:James
12794:Bodin
12726:Dante
12721:Bruni
12675:Shang
12658:Plato
12212:State
12162:Power
12147:Peace
12082:Elite
12060:Terms
12001:Queen
11873:Tonga
11771:Spain
11332:Korea
11292:Japan
11242:Italy
10984:Haiti
10769:Baden
10630:Futou
10623:China
10256:Malta
10246:Kenya
10221:India
10211:Ghana
10038:Savoy
10028:Samos
9943:Italy
9790:Yemen
9765:Tibet
9760:Syria
9713:Nepal
9688:Mahra
9668:Kumul
9663:Korea
9658:Khiva
9637:Qajar
9621:Hejaz
9611:China
9596:Burma
9525:Haiti
9515:Aztec
9432:Mwali
9422:Maore
9402:Libya
9397:Kongo
9392:Kaffa
9387:Gumma
9382:Gomma
9377:Ghana
9367:Egypt
9347:Bornu
9332:Aussa
9193:Tonga
9165:Spain
9085:Qatar
9060:Japan
8546:(1).
8153:S2CID
8106:S2CID
7958:S2CID
7950:JSTOR
7877:S2CID
7830:S2CID
7423:India
7402:Syria
7390:Haiti
7310:Notes
7067:Japan
6816:Japan
6803:Qatar
6765:Tonga
6729:Spain
6564:Syria
6506:Samoa
6413:Japan
6072:Note:
5556:Local
4914:JSTOR
4900:books
4707:deeds
4701:with
4558:) is
4319:King
4266:In a
4168:like
4145:like
4111:Akure
4084:Ghana
4004:Bìxià
3865:yeoje
3836:tennō
3799:emira
3787:malik
3730:knyaz
3722:count
3664:queen
3646:Latin
3606:realm
3494:deity
3454:minor
3437:In a
3408:Spain
3379:Tsars
3278:Savoy
3138:In a
3106:King
2948:court
2882:Qatar
2684:queen
2493:ἄρχων
2486:árkhō
2472:mónos
2465:μόνος
2447:word
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