Moroccan Arabic - Knowledge

542: 10952: 363: 10585: 2069: 36: 1802:/ are very distinct consonants that only occur geminated, and almost always come at the beginning of a word. They function completely differently from other emphatic consonants: They are pronounced with heavy pharyngealization, affect adjacent short/unstable vowels but not full vowels, and are pronounced with a noticeable diphthongal off-glide between one of these consonants and a following front vowel. Most of their occurrences can be analyzed as underlying sequences of 13521: 503: 345: 303: 773: 2360: 1165:. Emphasis spreads fairly rigorously towards the beginning of a word and into prefixes, but much less so towards the end of a word. Emphasis spreads consistently from a consonant to a directly following vowel, and less strongly when separated by an intervening consonant, but generally does not spread rightwards past a full vowel. For example, 10590: 10586: 10587: 11662: 507: 348: 505: 347: 511: 509: 504: 352: 351: 346: 10589: 510: 353: 4233:

circumfix (unlike, for example, in Egyptian Arabic). Also, unlike in Egyptian Arabic, there are no phonological changes to the verbal cluster as a result of adding the circumfix. In Egyptian Arabic, adding the circumfix can trigger stress shifting, vowel lengthening and shortening, elision when /ma-/

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used for writing Moroccan Arabic in electronic media, such as texting and chat, often based on sound-letter correspondences from French, English or Spanish ('sh' or 'ch' for English 'sh', 'u' or 'ou' for English 'oo', etc.) and using numbers to represent sounds not found in French or English (2-3-7-9

4614:

Hence, the root F-M-L stands for all three-consonant roots, and F-S-T-L stands for all four-consonant roots. (Traditional Arabic grammar uses F-ʕ-L and F-ʕ-L-L, respectively, but the system used here appears in a number of grammars of spoken Arabic dialects and is probably less confusing for English

4565:

Doubled roots are roots that have the final two consonants identical. Doubled stems end with a geminate consonant. Only Forms I, IV, VII, VIII, and X yield a doubled stem from a doubled root. Other forms yield a strong stem. In addition, in most dialects (but not Moroccan), all stems in Form IX are

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axis (described as "strong", "weak", "hollow", "doubled" or "assimilated") is determined by the specific consonants making up the root, especially whether a particular consonant is a "w" or " y", and mostly involves varying the nature and location of the vowels of a stem form. For example, so-called

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as the last consonant. Weak stems are those that have a vowel as the last segment of the stem. For the most part, there is a one-to-one correspondence between weak roots and weak stems. However, form IX verbs with a weak root will show up the same way as other root types (with doubled stems in most

459:

is used to varying degrees in formal situations such as religious sermons, books, newspapers, government communications, news broadcasts and political talk shows, Moroccan Arabic is the predominant spoken language of the country and has a strong presence in Moroccan television entertainment, cinema

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The /e/ in the final vowel of the stem is elided when a vowel-initial suffix is added. This behavior is seen in all classes where the stem ends in /-VCeC/ or/-VCCeC/ (where /V/ stands for any vowel and /C/ for any consonant). In addition to form II strong, this includes form III strong, form III

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moods. To the former stem, suffixes are added to mark the verb for person, number and gender. To the latter stem, a combination of prefixes and suffixes are added. (Very approximately, the prefixes specify the person and the suffixes indicate number and gender.) The third person masculine singular

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composed of three or four consonants. The set of consonants communicates the basic meaning of a verb. Changes to the vowels between the consonants, along with prefixes and/or suffixes, specify grammatical functions such as tense, person and number in addition to changes in the meaning of the verb

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as the last consonant. Hollow stems are those that end with /-VC/ in which V is a long vowel (most other dialects) or full vowel in Moroccan Arabic (/a/, /i/ or /u/). Only triliteral hollow roots form hollow stems and only in forms I, IV, VII, VIII and X. In other cases, a strong stem generally

1027:

surfaces as . This deletion of short vowels can result in long strings of consonants (a feature shared with Amazigh and certainly derived from it). These clusters are never simplified; instead, consonants occurring between other consonants tend to syllabify, according to a sonorance hierarchy.

11614: 11384: 512: 513: 508: 354: 350: 2250:, some Berber tribes became bilingual for generations before abandoning their language for Arabic; however, they kept a substantial Berber stratum that increases from the east to the west of the Maghreb, making Moroccan Arabic dialects the ones most influenced by Berber. 1224:. Actual pharyngealization of "emphatic" consonants is weak and may be absent entirely. In contrast with some dialects, vowels adjacent to emphatic consonants are pure; there is no diphthong-like transition between emphatic consonants and adjacent front vowels. 2350:(Rabat, éditions Al Manahil, ministère des Affaires Culturelles), by a Frenchman named Georges Séraphin Colin, who devoted nearly all his life to it from 1921 to 1977. The dictionary contains 60,000 entries and was published in 1993, after Colin's death. 11190:

The dialects of Ouezzane, Chefchaouen, Asilah, Larache, Ksar el-Kebir and Tangiers are influenced by the neighbouring mountain dialects. The dialects of Marrakech and Meknes are influenced by Bedouin dialects. The old urban dialect formerly spoken in

983:) was then deleted entirely in most positions; for the most part, it is maintained only in the position /...CəC#/ or /...CəCC#/ (where C represents any consonant and # indicates a word boundary), i.e. when appearing as the last vowel of a word. When 11618: 11388: 5030:

Not all forms have a separate verb class for hollow or doubled roots. In such cases, the table below has the notation "(use strong form)", and roots of that shape appear as strong verbs in the corresponding form; e.g. Form II strong verb

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or "ݣود" has much of its content written in Moroccan Arabic rather than Modern Standard Arabic. Its name "Goud" and its slogan "dima nishan" (ديما نيشان) are Moroccan Arabic expressions that mean almost the same thing "straightforward".

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In this section, all verb classes and their corresponding stems are listed, excluding the small number of irregular verbs described above. Verb roots are indicated schematically using capital letters to stand for consonants in the root:

1891:) or some other unusual emphatic consonant in order to account for the proper vowel allophones; but an alternative analysis is possible for these words where the vowel allophones are considered to be (marginal) phonemes on their own. 4072:"You (plural) will write") It is worth noting that in northern Morocco, such as Tangier and Tetouan, they use "ha" instead of ""gha/ġa"" most of the time, and also "ʕa" (عا) to a lesser extent Also "a" can be used but it is rare. 11574: 10823:

The first known scientific productions written in Moroccan Arabic were released on the Web in early 2010 by Moroccan teacher and physicist Farouk Taki El Merrakchi, three average-sized books dealing with physics and mathematics.

10588: 563:) as well as the main trade routes. The dialects are generally classified in three types: (old) urban, "village" and "mountain" sedentary and Jewish dialects. In Morocco, several pre-Hilalian dialects are spoken: 4501:

verbs are usually caused by one of those two letters as the middle root consonant, and the stems of such verbs have a full vowel (/a/, /i/ or /u/) before the final consonant, often along with only two consonants

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The following table lists the prefixes and suffixes to be added to mark tense, person, number, gender and the stem form to which they are added. The forms involving a vowel-initial suffix and corresponding stem

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There are no verbal clusters that begin with a vowel. The short vowels in the beginning of Forms IIa(V), and such, have already been deleted. MA has first-person singular non-past /ne-/ in place of Egyptian

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In general, Moroccan Arabic is one of the least conservative of all Arabic languages. Now, Moroccan Arabic continues to integrate new French words, even English ones due to its influence as the modern

2094:, most literate Muslims in Morocco would write in Standard Arabic, even if they spoke Darija as a first language. However, since Standard Arabic was typically taught in Islamic religious contexts, 643:

and their neighboring tribes (Zerahna tribe for Zerhoun; Kechtala, Behalil and Yazgha tribes for Sefrou), remnants of pre-Hilalian dialects that were more widely spoken before the 12th century.

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One characteristic of Moroccan Arabic syntax, which it shares with other North African varieties as well as some southern Levantine dialect areas, is in the two-part negative verbal circumfix

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The following table lists the verb classes along with the form of the past and non-past stems, active and passive participles, and verbal noun, in addition to an example verb for each class.

10789:, or improvised poetry, is mostly written in Moroccan Darija, and there have been at least dozens of Moroccan Darija poetry collections and anthologies published by Moroccan poets, such as 2296:"now". Many others, however, are characteristic of Maghrebi Arabic as a whole including both innovations and unusual retentions of Classical vocabulary that disappeared elsewhere, such as 4584:

Strong roots and stems are those that fall under none of the other categories described above. It is common for a strong stem to correspond with a non-strong root but the reverse is rare.

10200:"Doubly weak" verbs have more than one "weakness", typically a W or Y as both the second and third consonants. In Moroccan Arabic such verbs generally behave as normal weak verbs (e.g. 2131: 10673:

The language continues to evolve quickly as can be noted by consulting the Colin dictionary. Many words and idiomatic expressions recorded between 1921 and 1977 are now obsolete.

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The prefixes /t-/, /n-/ always appear without any stem vowel. This behavior is seen in all classes where the stem begins with a single consonant (which includes most classes).

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Similarly, and unlike most other Arabic dialects, doubled consonants are never simplified to a single consonant, even when at the end of a word or preceding another consonant.

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Though rarely written, Moroccan Arabic is currently undergoing an unexpected and pragmatic revival. It is now the preferred language in Moroccan chat rooms or for sending

4161:/ma-/ comes from the Classical Arabic negator /ma/. /-ʃi/ is a development of Classical /ʃajʔ/ "thing". The development of a circumfix is similar to the French circumfix 9155:

Hollow have a W or Y as the middle root consonant. Note that for some forms (e.g. form II and form III), hollow verbs are conjugated as strong verbs (e.g. form II

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The regular Moroccan Arabic verb conjugates with a series of prefixes and suffixes. The stem of the conjugated verb may change a bit, depending on the conjugation:

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The present indicative is formed from the subjunctive by the addition of /ka-/. Similarly, the future is formed from the subjunctive by the addition of /ɣa-/.

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is rare in native words; in nearly all cases of native words with vowels indicating the presence of a nearby emphatic consonant, there is a nearby triggering

2203: 2184: 2335: 9466:"teach". Like all verbs whose stem begins with a single consonant, the prefixes differ in the following way from those of regular and weak form I verbs: 11832:

Angela Daiana Langone. ‘Jeux linguistiques et nouveau style dans la masrahiyya en-Neqsha, Le déclic, écrite en dialecte marocain par Tayyeb Saddiqi’, in

4581:. Assimilated stems begin with a vowel. Only Form I (and Form IV?) yields assimilated stems and only in the non-past. There are none In Moroccan Arabic. 2292:

There are noticeable lexical differences between Moroccan Arabic and most other Arabic languages. Some words are essentially unique to Moroccan Arabic:

1213:). Contrast, for example, Egyptian Arabic, where emphasis tends to spread forward and backward to both ends of a word, even through several syllables. 13953: 6530:

Prefixes /ne-/ and /te-/ keep the vowel before two consonants but drop it before one consonant; hence singular /ne-kteb/ changes to plural /n-ketb-u/.

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New urban dialects: predominantly Hilalian urban dialects, resulting from the migration movements from the countryside to cities in 20th century.

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Now: "daba" in the majority of regions, but "druk" or "druka" is also used in some regions in the centre and south and "drwek" or "durk" in the east.

1814:(which appear frequently in diminutives, for example). However, a few lexical items appear to have independent occurrences of these phonemes, e.g. 1090:

are maintained as semi-long vowels, which are substituted for both short and long vowels in most borrowings from Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Long

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What?: "ašnu", "šnu" or "āš" in most regions, but "šenni", "šennu" in the north, "šnu", "š" in Fes, and "wašta", "wasmu", "wāš" in the far east.

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verbs have one of those two letters as the last root consonant, which is reflected in the stem as a final vowel instead of a final consonant (

2187:. Newspapers in Moroccan Arabic also exist, such as Souq Al Akhbar, Al Usbuu Ad-Daahik, the regional newspaper Al Amal (formerly published by 460:

and commercial advertising. Moroccan Arabic has many regional dialects and accents as well, with its mainstream dialect being the one used in

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has traditionally been written in the classical Standard Arabic, the first record of a work of literature composed in Moroccan Arabic was

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The non-past stem has /i/ instead of /a/. The occurrence of one vowel or the other varies from stem to stem in an unpredictable fashion.

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When?: "fuqāš" in most regions,"fuyāx" in the Northwest (Tangier-Tetouan) but "imta" in the Atlantic region and "weqtāš" in Rabat region.

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Emphasis is audible mostly through its effects on neighboring vowels or syllabic consonants, and through the differing pronunciation of

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comes into contact with a vowel, addition or deletion of a short vowel, etc. However, they do not occur in Moroccan Arabic (MA):

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Ethno-linguistic map of northern Morocco: Pre-Hilalian speaking areas in purple (Mountain Arabic) and blue (old urban, village).

13946: 11977: 1887: 1719: 11403:"Farouk El Merrakchi Taki, professeur de physique en France, s'est lancé dans la rédaction de manuels scientifiques en darija" 11284: 14063: 14035: 12059: 11480: 11336: 11009: 10976: 5004:

stems. When two forms appear, separated by a semicolon, these represent third-singular and third-plural, which indicate the

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L. Messaoudi, Variations linguistiques: images urbaines et sociales, in: Cahiers de Sociolinguistique, no.6 (2001), pp.87-98

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in more positions. Dialects of the Sahara, and eastern dialects near the border of Algeria, preserve a distinction between

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elsewhere (third person). Note that /i-/ was borrowed from the weak verbs; the Classical Arabic equivalent form would be *

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There are no restrictions on complex consonant clusters in MA and hence no need to insert vowels to break up such clusters.

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Moroccans generally attempt to avoid French and Spanish in their speech; consequently, their speech tends to resemble old

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would have been used specifically with motion verbs, as in "I did not walk a step". It was generalised to other verbs.)

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which can be pronounced as . However, in some recent loanwords from European languages, a non-affricated, non-emphatic

14021: 13550: 12520: 11291:, in: Between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, Studies on Contemporary Arabic, 7th AIDA Conference, 2006, held in Vienna 10797:. The later additionally wrote a novel trilogy in Moroccan Darija, a unique creation in this language, with the titles 4472:

and mostly involves varying the consonants of a stem form. For example, from the root K-T-B "write" are derived form I

567: 11171: 14352: 13939: 11435: 11221: 11135: 11058: 2403: 820: 10850:. From 2002 to 2006 there was also a free weekly newspaper that was entirely written in "standard" Moroccan Arabic: 2385: 802: 14153: 14139: 6514:

Boldface, here and elsewhere in paradigms, indicate unexpected deviations from some previously established pattern.

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When two forms appear, separated by a comma, these represent first-singular and third-singular, which indicate the

2195:(news of our country), which was published by Tangier-based American painter Elena Prentice between 2002 and 2006. 2098:

usually would not learn Standard Arabic and would write instead in Darija, or more specifically a variety known as

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The latter also published books written in Moroccan Arabic, mostly novels and stories, written by authors such as

669:) were introduced following the migration of Arab nomadic tribes to Morocco in the 11th century, particularly the 13167: 12064: 2850: 1492: 557:, from the 7th to the 12th centuries, concerning the main urban settlements, the harbors, the religious centres ( 317: 1161:

Emphatic spreading (i.e. the extent to which emphatic consonants affect nearby vowels) occurs much less than in

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When three forms appear, these represent first-singular, third-singular and third-plural, which indicate the

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The negative circumfix surrounds the entire verbal composite, including direct and indirect object pronouns:

2239: 1588: 2261:(between the 15th and the 17th centuries) influenced urban dialects with Spanish substrate (and loanwords). 14013: 13751: 13615: 12459: 12010: 10840:, or those simply interested in promoting the use of Moroccan Darija. From September 2006 to October 2010, 1835: 1563: 1508: 526: 6948:

reduced to /n-/ and /t-/. The reduction usually happens in normal and fast speech but not in slow speech.

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The imperative is conjugated with the suffixes of the present tense but without any prefixes or preverbs:

3029: 3020: 3011: 2056: 2052: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1911: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1852: 1845: 1841: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1784: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1221: 1217: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1147: 1143: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031:

Some dialects are more conservative in their treatment of short vowels. For example, some dialects allow

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Moroccan Arabic was formed of several dialects of Arabic belonging to two genetically different groups:

14097: 13844: 13103: 12582: 2165:, and there is no universally standard written system for Darija. There is also a loosely standardized 1827: 1778: 1726: 1532: 1381: 1370: 1121: 942: 11889: 11702: 10619:

on television and in print media and a certain desire among many Moroccans for a revitalization of an

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One of the most notable features of Moroccan Arabic is the collapse of short vowels. Initially, short

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Angela Daiana Langone. ‘Khbar Bladna, une expérience journalistique en arabe dialectal marocain’, in

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in English. (Arabic has no infinitive.) For example, the verb meaning "write" is often specified as

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is specified by two stems, one used for the past tense and one used for non-past tenses, along with

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primarily by its lack of effect on adjacent vowels (see above; an alternative analysis is possible).

14625: 14615: 14398: 14241: 13524: 13432: 12914: 11912: 11755: 4357:"I am writing"). The co-existence of these two prefixes is from historical differences. In general 1405: 1113: 913: 899: 783: 11115: 6941:

Before a coronal stop /t/, /tˤ/, /d/ or /dˤ/, /ne-/ and /te-/ are always reduced to /n-/ and /t-/.

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are highlighted in silver. The forms involving a consonant-initial suffix and corresponding stem

4004:"I am writing"). The coexistence of these two prefixes is from historic differences. In general, 2960: 2381: 2232: 2086:

Through most of its history, Moroccan vernacular Arabic has usually not been written. Due to the

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Italicized forms are those that follow automatically from the regular rules of deletion of /e/.

2154: 726: 688: 684: 456: 387: 229: 224: 179: 11470: 11216:

A. Zouggari & J. Vignet-Zunz, Jbala: Histoire et société, dans Sciences Humaines, (1991) (

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axis (described as "form I", "form II", etc.) is used to specify grammatical concepts such as

1154:, front-rounded and other allophones also exist. Allophones in vowels usually do not exist in 14528: 14345: 14188: 14104: 14090: 13713: 13628: 13513: 13346: 13298: 13108: 13090: 13083: 13073: 13068: 13060: 12880: 12615: 12587: 12577: 12381: 12005: 2099: 1670: 1330: 1316: 1137: 646: 636: 491: 239: 169: 11268: 10623:

has inspired many Moroccans to integrate words from Modern Standard Arabic, replacing their

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results. In Moroccan Arabic, all form IX verbs yield hollow stems regardless of root shape:

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is not deleted, it is pronounced as a very short vowel, tending towards in the vicinity of

14388: 14383: 13566: 13249: 13009: 12929: 12409: 10647: 1462: 1272: 559: 57: 14259: 12050: 11156:

S. Levy, Repères pour une histoire linguistique du Maroc, in: EDNA no.1 (1996), pp.127-137

3809:(some regions tend to differentiate between masculine and feminine, the masculine form is 2338:& Harvey Sobelman. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963 (reprinted 2004.) 541: 8: 14542: 13864: 13606: 13308: 13118: 12991: 12814: 12365: 12279: 12216: 11367: 10881: 10772:

band wrote lyrics in Moroccan Arabic that were very appealing to the youth even in other

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However, there is an exception, which is the northern dialectof Tangier , where they use

2377: 2147: 2121: 1485: 1479: 1362: 1107: 988: 429: 53: 12207: 2956:

Note: All sentences are written according to the transcription used in Richard Harrell,

2889:: real (five centimes; the term has also been borrowed into many other Arabic dialects) 1859:

are two entirely separate phonemes, almost never contrasting in related forms of a word.

480:, and therefore it dominates the media and eclipses most of the other regional accents. 14406: 14041: 14027: 13476: 13162: 13078: 12875: 12800: 12539: 12525: 11342: 11027: 4425:, which actually means "he wrote". In the paradigms below, a verb will be specified as 4117: 4024:

are less used. In some regions like in the east (Oujda), most speakers use no preverb (

1252: 734: 14048: 12545: 12342: 12324: 12117: 11234: 6609: 293: 14584: 14556: 14534: 14481: 14433: 14378: 14117: 13775: 13638: 13574: 13223: 12896: 12836: 12599: 12491: 12402: 12045: 11899: 11476: 11431: 11346: 11332: 11217: 11054: 11015: 11005: 10972: 10886: 10842: 10836:

in Moroccan Arabic; their aim was to bring information to people with a low level of

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Because the stems end in a vowel, normally vocalic suffixes assume consonantal form:

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Due to the regular operation of the stress rules, the stress in the past tense forms

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In the last few years, there have been some publications in Moroccan Darija, such as

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occur mostly in recent borrowings from European languages, and may be assimilated to

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elsewhere. (Most other Arabic dialects only have a similar variation for the phoneme

892: 758:. Among the dialects, Hassaniya is often considered as distinct from Moroccan Arabic. 704: 662: 530: 483: 444: 174: 12976: 12506: 12333: 11113:

A. Bernard & P. Moussard, « Arabophones et Amazighophones au Maroc »,

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counterparts, or even speaking in Modern Standard Arabic while keeping the Moroccan

1851:

Unlike in most other Arabic dialects (but, again, similar to Amazigh), non-emphatic

323: 14499: 14494: 14471: 14461: 14373: 14365: 14338: 14331: 14311: 14232: 14215: 14003: 13993: 13898: 13854: 13849: 13836: 13802: 13746: 13738: 13723: 13686: 13656: 13244: 13042: 13023: 12986: 12865: 12795: 12738: 12650: 12496: 12481: 12426: 12388: 12092: 12035: 11995: 11787: 11703:"Actualité : La "darija" ou correctement la langue marocaine sort ses griffes" 11589: 11430:. Springer Science & Business Media (published 5 December 2005). p. 2019. 11324: 11281: 10861: 10726: 10706: 10636: 10628: 7978:

The /i/ in the stem /safir/ is elided when a suffix beginning with a vowel follows.

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Before a voiced coronal /d/, /dˤ/, /z/, /zˤ/, or /ʒ/, /t-/ is assimilated to /d-/.

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in the south. In some regions like the east (Oujda), most speakers use no preverb:

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Form IX doubled verbs probably don't exist, and would be strong if they did exist.

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Form III, VI doubled verbs optionally behave either as strong verbs or similar to

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Boldfaced forms indicate the primary differences from the corresponding forms of

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Before a coronal fricative /s/, /sˤ/, /z/, /zˤ/, /ʃ/ or /ʒ/, /ne-/ and /te-/ are

4417:

past tense form serves as the "dictionary form" used to identify a verb like the

4413: 2862: 2834: 2711: 2305: 2282: 2228: 2106: 2103: 2079: 1982: 1658: 1262: 1162: 452: 448: 441: 378: 257: 194: 161: 149: 133: 105: 11665:[A new novel by Moroccan (writer) Driss Amghar Mesnaoui]. 24 August 2014 11361:"الخطاب السياسي لدة العامة في مغرب العصر المريني - ملعبة الكفيف الزرهوني نموذجا" 9060:

Mediopassive verb forms—i.e. Ia(VIIt), IIa(V), IIIa(VI) and Iqa(IIq) – have /a/.

14548: 14456: 14166: 13507: 13437: 13371: 13276: 13050: 12939: 12934: 12919: 12904: 12870: 12655: 12030: 11972: 11499:

Du Punique au Maghribi : Trajectoires d'une langue sémito-méditerranéenne

10686: 10682: 10212:"treat, cure" from D-W-Y). This is not always the case in standard Arabic (cf. 4469: 4398: 2140: 2110: 1197:"she hit him" (with variable but tending to be in between and ; no effect on 751: 696: 666: 250: 144: 11557: 11497: 11019: 10670:

for coding specific Arabic sounds, as is the case with other Arabic speakers.

9800:

Doubled verbs have the same consonant as middle and last root consonant, e.g.

6520:

The imperative is also formed from the second-person subjunctive, this by the

4640:

are highlighted in gold. The forms involving no suffix and corresponding stem

14609: 14589: 14438: 14274: 14131: 13469: 13464: 13450: 13396: 13331: 13313: 13199: 13184: 13178: 13147: 12966: 12961: 12946: 12909: 12770: 12765: 12689: 12645: 12501: 12475: 12000: 11987: 11531: 11053:. Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, University of Michigan. 10911: 10906: 10790: 10780: 10620: 10608: 4465: 4394: 2174: 2095: 1957:) if a sibilant, lateral or rhotic consonant appears later in the same stem: 1016: 864: 650: 611: 234: 11640: 11593: 9470:

The prefixes /t-/, /j-/, /ni-/ have elision of /i/ following /ka-/ or /ɣa-/.

6966:

Optional reduction /n-skon/ or /ne-skon/ "I reside", /te-skon/ or /t-skon/ "

4615:

speakers since the forms are easier to pronounce than those involving /ʕ/.)

4452:

The verb classes in Moroccan Arabic are formed along two axes. The first or

2970:= full vowels = normally , but in the vicinity of an emphatic consonant or 2624:: grandmother (jebli and northern urban dialects) / "jeda" :southern dialect 2068: 14264: 14076: 14055: 13931: 13623: 13442: 13401: 13341: 13321: 13281: 13194: 13189: 12956: 12951: 12841: 12564: 12550: 12254: 12164: 12137: 11318: 10996: 10595: 6933:/te-/ is always reduced to /t-/, and then all /t-/ are assimilated to /d-/. 5018:

stems. In both cases, the missing stem is the same as the third-singular (

4405: 2166: 1415: 1098:

also have many more allophones than in most other dialects; in particular,

1011:

except in the vicinity of a labial or velar consonant. In positions where

716: 625: 571: 477: 302: 13267: 12352: 12343: 12334: 12325: 12316: 12307: 12306: 12298: 12289: 12280: 12271: 12262: 12252: 12244: 12234: 12226: 12217: 12208: 12199: 12190: 12180: 12172: 12162: 12154: 12145: 12135: 12127: 12118: 12109: 12108: 11884: 11879: 11328: 11132: 10939: 277: 35: 13336: 13266: 13228: 13172: 12924: 12085: 11100: 2846: 2247: 1935: 1760: 1700: 886: 874: 859: 840: 595: 550: 12225: 12171: 12144: 2344:معجم الفصحى في العامية المغربية, Muhammad Hulwi, Rabat: al-Madaris 1988. 13597: 13535: 12486: 12395: 12261: 10944: 10612: 4963:

When only one form appears, this same form is used for all three stems.

4418: 2254: 1907: 1310: 934: 879: 869: 755: 670: 461: 433: 12351: 12297: 12288: 12243: 12236: 12189: 12182: 12153: 11846:

Abderrahim Youssi. ‘La triglossie dans la typologie linguistique’, in

7647:, which apply to many classes of verbs in addition to form II strong: 2919:: comer (but Moroccans use the expression to name the Parisian bread) 587: 14562: 13391: 10837: 10833: 4461: 4457: 4390: 4386: 3037: 2158: 2087: 1923: 1155: 1151: 921: 738: 619: 473: 367: 286: 270: 126: 12315: 12126: 10701:, it is common for code-switching to occur between Moroccan Arabic, 2416: 2388:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 772: 13376: 13366: 12069: 11192: 6610:

Regular verb, form I, fʕel/yfʕel, assimilation-triggering consonant

3824:(can also be an order to write; kteb er-rissala: Write the letter) 2838: 2258: 2143: 692: 591: 335: 13259: 11904: 11282:

Zones linguistiques du Maroc arabophone: contacts et effets à Salé

10107:"sell". Like that class, it has two stems in the past, which are 14505: 13963: 13913: 13797: 13411: 12075: 11076:"Darija, a lingua franca influenced by both Arabic Tamazight and" 10916: 10847: 10783:

scene, which explores new and innovative usages of the language.

10773: 10722: 10698: 10694: 10615:

and modern words. However, in recent years, constant exposure to

2327:

There are a number of Moroccan Arabic dictionaries in existence:

1931: 1927: 1356: 607: 599: 554: 469: 331: 116: 11685:"Une première: Un Marocain rédige des manuels scientifiques en…" 10857: 10725:

in North Africa bordering only Morocco. On the other hand, some

10111:

before consonant-initial suffixes (first and second person) and

9481:

before consonant-initial suffixes (first and second person) and

9049:, resulting in homonymy between masculine and feminine singular. 2036:, etc. This does not apply to recent borrowings from MSA (e.g. 712: 579: 518: 13978: 13872: 13587: 13326: 13254: 11950: 11935: 11747:

Jordi Aguadé. ‘Notes on the Arabic Dialect of Casablanca’, in:

11518:"Helpful Moroccan Phrases with pronunciation - Moroccan Arabic" 10779:

Another interesting movement is the development of an original

10761: 10632: 2183:, as well as basic science books by Moroccan physics professor 2091: 720: 640: 629: 615: 603: 437: 189: 8713:

in the third person. In the non-past, there is a single stem

13406: 13361: 13351: 12270: 12198: 12080: 10786: 10760:

There exists some poetry written in Moroccan Arabic like the

10718: 10710: 2842: 2585: 2224: 2126: 1915: 1015:

was deleted, /u/ was also deleted, and is maintained only as

730: 708: 700: 680:

subgroup, a family that includes three main dialectal areas:

677: 575: 465: 366:

Decorations written in Moroccan Arabic at Chez Ali palace in

129: 11820:

Ablaut and Ambiguity: Phonology of a Moroccan Arabic Dialect

11799:

L'arabo del Marocco: elementi di dialetto standard e mediano

11427:

Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in Morocco

10995:

Manbahī, Muḥammad al-Madlāwī; منبهي، محمد المدلاوي. (2019).

10994: 10249:"come" (inflects like a normal weak verb, except imperative 10231:"give" (inflects like a normal weak verb; active participle 4241:

There is no distinction between long and short vowels in MA.

3954:

appears but not between the prefix and the transformed stem

2374:. The vast majority of 'example words' below lack citations. 455:. It is spoken by 90.9% of the population of Morocco. While 13381: 11468: 10681:

Some Moroccan Arabic speakers, in the parts of the country

9053:

Verbs other than form I behave as follows in the non-past:

4573:

Assimilated roots are those where the first consonant is a

583: 11472:

Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook

7982: 4509:

It is important to distinguish between strong, weak, etc.

3266:

s-salam ʿalikum / as-salamu ʿalaykum (Classical) / ʔahlan

2974:("vicinity" generally means not separated by a full vowel) 334:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

11366:. هيسبريس تمودا العدد XLIX، 2014، ص 13-32. Archived from 10971:. Centre for Advanced Studies of African Soc. p. 6. 10643: 6973:

Optional reduction/assimilation /te-ʒberˤ/ or /d-ʒberˤ/ "

4546:

other dialects but with hollow stems in Moroccan Arabic).

3965:

regardless of who is addressed. This is also the case of

3958:

because of the same restriction that produces inversion.

3141:

waš ka-tehder lengliziya / waš ka-tedwi be-l-lengliziya?

2114:

on Semitic languages written in Maghrebi Judeo-Arabic by

1919: 447:

and as such is mutually intelligible to some extent with

10650:

composed of Latin letters supplemented with the numbers

10195: 8686:

The primary differences from the corresponding forms of

7967:

The primary differences from the corresponding forms of

7303: 3468:šenni ʔesmek? /šenno ʔesmek? / kif-aš msemy nta/ntinah? 10764:. In the troubled and autocratic Morocco of the 1970s, 7683: 4326:

regardless of who is addressed. It is also the case of

3780:

The stem of the Moroccan Arabic verb for "to write" is

3144:

waš ka-tehder be-l-lengliziya? / ka-tehder lengliziya?

3057:

Northern (Jebli, Tanjawi and Tetouani) Moroccan Arabic

2040:"disposition"), nor as a result of the negative suffix 1763:, almost like (still distinguished from a sequence of 1759:

In normal circumstances, is pronounced with noticeable

11582:

Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics

11258:

François Decret, Les invasions hilaliennes en Ifrîqiya

9031:

This verb type is quite similar to the weak verb type

1885:. Many recent European borrowings appear to require ( 1003:

in this environment), and elsewhere. Original short

963:(however, some speakers maintain a difference between 676:

The Hilalian dialects spoken in Morocco belong to the

11720: 10810: 10804: 10798: 10598:, a Moroccan singer while she speaks Moroccan Arabic. 8337:

Weak verbs have a W or Y as the last root consonant.

2828: 2642:: synonym of send (jebli and northern urban dialects) 1914:

is preserved all the time in most big cities such as

1771:), and hence is easily distinguishable from emphatic 423: 11462: 9795: 2700: 2118:

to the Jews of Fes dates back to the ninth-century.

392: 9807: 9150: 9045:in the feminine singular non-past is simplified to 6981: 6201: 6196: 4960:In the past tense, there can be up to three stems: 4126:. (In many regions, including Marrakech, the final 2935: 2558:(orig. aħmar/axdar/azraq/aṣfar أحمر/أخضر/أزرق/أصفر) 11843:. Cuenca: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2004. 11827:Estudios de dialectologia norteafricana y andalusi 11469:Martin Haspelmath; Uri Tadmor (22 December 2009). 6959:Required reduction /n-them/ "I accuse", /t-them/ " 6527:The stem /kteb/ changes to /ketb-/ before a vowel. 3132:واش كَتهدر بالانّڭليزية؟/ واش كتدوي بالانّڭليزية؟ 2849:or, alternatively, they date from the time of the 628:: Dialects of northwestern Morocco, spoken by the 11815:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown Univ. Press, 1966. 11808:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown Univ. Press, 1962. 11801:. Rome: Università degli Studi La Sapienza, 2004. 11453: 9792:except in having stem vowel /u/ in place of /i/. 8332: 4338:(Tangier is an exception) and southerners prefer 3444:/ š-ka-dexdem? / šini ka-teʿmel/tʿadal f-hyatak? 2895:: fondo (bottom of the sea or the swimming pool) 2564:: how much (orig. ayyu šayʾ ḥāl أَيُّ شَيْء حَال) 2417:Examples of words inherited from Classical Arabic 2332:A Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic: Moroccan-English 1019:of the adjacent labial or velar consonant; where 14607: 11855:Grammaire et lexique de l'arabe marocain moderne 10998:al-ʻArabīyah al-Dārijah : imlāʼīyah wa-naḥw 10283:) "take" (see paradigm below; active participle 9488: 9166: 4229:Future and interrogative sentences use the same 3938:before a vowel suffix because of the process of 3863:before a vowel suffix because of the process of 3340:kul-ši mezyan ? / kul-ši huwa hadak ? 2570:: why (orig. ʿalā ʾayyi šayʾ, عَلَى أَيِّ شَيْء) 1938:, etc.); for all words, both alternatives exist. 737:region and western Algeria (central and western 11792:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics 11760:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics 10219: 8694:There is no movement of the sort occurring in 7975:The long vowel /a/ becomes /a/ when unstressed. 4484:"correspond with (someone)" etc. The second or 3543:bla žmil/merḥba/ddenya hania/maši muškil/l'afo 3540:bla žmil/merḥba/ddunya hania/maši muškil/l'afo 3537:bla žmil/merḥba/ddenya hania/maši muškil/l'afo 673:, which the Hilalian dialects are named after. 11822:. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press, 1987. 11093: 10860:, the regional newspaper Al Amal, directed by 9788:This verb class is identical to verbs such as 8759: 4549:Hollow roots are triliteral roots that have a 4437:means "he writes"), indicating the past stem ( 4264:"nobody" can be added to the sentence without 691:): spoken in the western plains of Morocco by 13947: 13551: 11920: 11862:Grammatica di arabo marocchino: Lingua dārija 11751:. Universidad de Cadiz, 2003, pp. 301–8. 11515: 6937:Reduction and assimilation occur as follows: 3534:بلا جميل/مرحبا/دّنيا هانية/ماشي مشكل / العفو 2348:Dictionnaire Colin d'arabe dialectal marocain 2342:Mu`jam al-fuṣḥā fil-`āmmiyyah al-maghribiyyah 2219:Moroccan Arabic is characterized by a strong 13961: 11806:A short reference grammar of Moroccan Arabic 11575:"The Arabic Language: A Latin of Modernity?" 11489: 11274: 11166: 11164: 11162: 11046: 10717:and continues to possess the territories of 5035:"waste, lose" related to Form I hollow verb 4601:M = middle consonant of three-consonant root 3135:واش كَتهدر بالانّڭليزية؟/كتهدر الانّڭليزية؟ 2958:A Short Reference Grammar of Moroccan Arabic 2269:The vocabulary of Moroccan Arabic is mostly 549:Pre-Hilalian dialects are a result of early 417: 92: 11423: 10693:. In parts of northern Morocco, such as in 9477:In addition, the past tense has two stems: 8705:Instead, in the past, there are two stems: 4604:S = second consonant of four-consonant root 4322:In the north, "'you are writing" is always 3069:Northern (Jebli, Tetouani) Moroccan Arabic 2736:is common across most varieties of Arabic). 2264: 1047:to appear at the beginning of a word, e.g. 801:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 397: 13954: 13940: 13558: 13544: 11927: 11913: 11663:"رواية جديدة للمغربي إدريس أمغار المسناوي" 11032:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10990: 10988: 4607:T = third consonant of four-consonant root 4307:could be a response to a command to write 3961:In the north, "you are writing" is always 3098:la bas? / bi-xayr?/ kif ntina? / amandra? 2636:: veil (jebli and northern urban dialects) 2586:Examples of words inherited from Tamazight 301: 11572: 11449: 11447: 11316: 11159: 11133:Questionnaire de dialectologie du Maghreb 9063:Other forms—i.e. II, III and Iq—have /i/. 8340: 4385:that embody grammatical concepts such as 3549: 2404:Learn how and when to remove this message 1818:"mother" (with attached possessive, e.g. 821:Learn how and when to remove this message 13565: 11860:Annamaria Ventura & Olivier Durand. 11765:Bichr Andjar & Abdennabi Benchehda. 11555: 11127: 11125: 11073: 10818: 10715:previously controlled part of the region 10583: 4380:Verbs in Moroccan Arabic are based on a 4075:For the subjunctive and infinitive, the 4048:is removed and replaced with the prefix 3269:as-salamu ʿalaykum (Classical) / ʔahlan 2951: 2067: 540: 536: 501: 361: 343: 11794:, vol. 3, Brill, 2007, pp. 274–287 11762:, vol. 3, Brill, 2007, pp. 287–97. 11633: 11269:Les parlers arabes de la région du Mzāb 11235:"Glottolog 4.6 - Judeo-Moroccan Arabic" 11152: 11150: 11148: 10985: 10846:Magazine had a Moroccan Arabic edition 7983:Regular verb, form Ia, ttefʕel/yttefʕel 4012:in the south, some other prefixes like 2137:Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman al-Marini's 2000:occurs elsewhere in the same stem, and 394:al-ʻArabiyyah al-Maghribiyyah ad-Dārija 328:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 14608: 11744:. Washington: Univ. of Michigan, 1982. 11495: 11444: 11395: 11142:, in: EDNA vol.5 (2000-2001), pp.73-92 10964: 9473:The imperative prefix /i-/ is missing. 4588: 4315:could be an answer to a question like 4238:There is no phonological stress in MA. 4130:vowel is not pronounced so it becomes 999:(for speakers who have merged /a/ and 13935: 13539: 11908: 11312: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11122: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10546: 10196:Sample Paradigms of Doubly Weak Verbs 10137:Form II, V doubled verbs are strong: 10070: 9755: 9429: 8998: 8650: 8288: 7934: 7600: 7304:Regular verb, form II, feʕʕel/yfeʕʕel 7261: 6878: 6474: 6072: 5914: 5837: 5576: 5324: 4521:, but the corresponding form II stem 4044:To form the future tense, the prefix 2861: 2710: 2576:: where (orig. ʿfī ʾaynaʾ فِي أَيْنَ) 2246:remained widely spoken. During their 1783:appears, distinguished from emphatic 1239: 1234:Consonant phonemes of Moroccan Arabic 1150:.) In some dialects, such as that of 890: 649:, nearly extinct, formerly spoken by 440:spoken in Morocco. It is part of the 104: 11841:Esbozo gramatical del árabe marroquí 11615:"الملعبة، أقدم نص بالدارجة المغربية" 11385:"الملعبة، أقدم نص بالدارجة المغربية" 11210: 11203: 11201: 11172:Dialects of Arabic: Maghreb Dialects 11145: 11047:Abdel-Massih, Ernest Tawfik (1973). 10811: 10805: 10799: 10224:The irregular verbs are as follows: 10169:Form VIII doubled verbs behave like 10159:Form VIIt doubled verbs behave like 8745:Feminine singular third-person past 8709:in the first and second persons and 7684:Regular verb, form III, faʕel/yfaʕel 6524:of any prefix /t-/, /te-/, or /d-/. 3942:described above. Between the prefix 2784:: a French baguette, more common is 2353: 1926:, etc. and all of northern Morocco ( 799:adding citations to reliable sources 766: 657: 424: 29: 11934: 11573:Kamusella, Tomasz (December 2017). 11107: 11001:العربية الدارجة : إملائية ونحو 9117:Form IX: (behaves as a strong verb) 2961:(Examples with their pronunciation) 2833:Some loans might have come through 2580:ʢṭīni: give me (orig. aʢṭinī أعطني) 517:A Moroccan person from the city of 418: 382: 93: 27:Vernacular Arabic spoken in Morocco 24: 13512:Languages between parentheses are 11562:. Peace Corps Morocco. p. 52. 11532:"Learn Moroccan Arabic with uTalk" 11475:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 195. 11353: 11303: 11050:An Introduction to Moroccan Arabic 10928: 10579: 4445:, obtained by removing the prefix 4349:, some speakers prefer the use of 3996:, some speakers prefer the use of 2829:Examples of loanwords from Spanish 2533:: my daughter (orig. ibnati ابنتي) 2170:used for ق-ح-ع-ء, respectively.). 635:Sedentary ("village") dialects of 494:as different varieties of Arabic. 25: 14637: 11880:Moroccan Darija online dictionary 11868: 11198: 10676: 10126:Some verbs have /o/ in the stem: 9796:Sample Paradigms of Doubled Verbs 5039:"be lost", both from root Dˤ-Y-ʕ. 4537:Weak roots are those that have a 4517:. For example, X-W-F is a hollow 4299:"I swear to God I will not write" 3385:ḷḷa yxallik / ḷḷa yʿizek / ʿafak 2701:Examples of loanwords from French 1886: 1732: 1725: 1718: 1711: 1676: 1669: 1634: 1627: 1604: 1597: 1587: 1580: 1573: 1562: 1545: 1538: 1531: 1521: 1514: 1507: 1499: 1491: 1461: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1430: 1414: 1404: 1397: 1387: 1380: 1369: 1329: 1322: 1315: 991:, in the vicinity of pharyngeal 941: 912: 905: 898: 891: 136:by other ethnic groups in Morocco 13520: 13519: 11836:. Tunis, 2006, pp. 243–261. 11829:, no. 7, 2003, pp. 143–151. 11756:Morocco (dialectological survey) 11749:AIDA, 5th Conference Proceedings 10968:Arabic Varieties in North Africa 10950: 9808:Doubled verb, form I, feʕʕ/yfeʕʕ 9151:Sample Paradigms of Hollow Verbs 9035:. The primary differences are: 6982:Regular verb, form I, fʕel/yfʕol 6930:/ne-/ is always reduced to /n-/. 6202:Regular verb, form I, fʕel/yfʕel 6197:Sample Paradigms of Strong Verbs 4497:"throw" from Ṛ-M-Y). Meanwhile, 3870: 3075:Eastern (Oujda) Moroccan Arabic 3060:Eastern (Oujda) Moroccan Arabic 2936:Examples of regional differences 2907:(in the north only): cama (bed) 2709:: fourchette (fork), pronounced 2358: 2153:Most books and magazines are in 771: 34: 11850:, no. 19, 1983, pp. 71–83. 11813:A Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic 11774:Introduction à l'arabe marocain 11742:Introduction to Moroccan Arabic 11734: 11713: 11695: 11677: 11655: 11643:(in Moroccan Arabic and Arabic) 11641:"Publications by Ahmed Lemsyeh" 11607: 11566: 11556:Boujenab, Abderrahmane (2011). 11549: 11524: 11509: 11424:Moha Ennaji (20 January 2005). 11417: 11377: 11294: 11261: 11252: 11227: 11184: 10832:There have been at least three 9159:"appoint" from ʕ-Y-N, form III 4334:, as northerners prefer to use 4225:"will he not write them to me?" 4219:"does he not write them to me?" 4039: 3772: 3101:la bas? / rak ġaya / rak šbab? 2851:Spanish protectorate in Morocco 358:Nawal speaking Moroccan Arabic. 13916:, extinct as native in Morocco 13516:of the language on their left. 11067: 11040: 10958: 10867:The Moroccan online newspaper 8333:Sample Paradigms of Weak Verbs 6614:Example: dker/ydker "mention" 4441:) and the non-past stem (also 4361:is more used in the north and 4213:"did he not write them to me?" 4207:"he will not write them to me" 4201:"he does not write them to me" 4008:is more used in the north and 3376:الله يعزك / الله يخليك / عفاك 3331:كل شي مزيان؟ /كل شي هو هداك؟؟ 3121:teqder dʿaweni? waxa dʿaweni? 3092:راك شباب؟ /لا باس؟/ راك غايَ؟ 2554:colors=red/green/blue/yellow: 2161:books are written and read in 2072:A 1922 issue of the newspaper 750:: spoken in southern Morocco, 13: 1: 11617:. 27 May 2018. Archived from 11405:(in French). 26 November 2013 10922: 10827: 10736: 9167:Hollow verb, form I, fal/yfil 9146:Form Iqa(IIq): (need example) 9057:Form X has either /a/ or /i/. 6007:"cause to act bourgeois???", 5491:ttFaLit/ttFeLt/ttFaLt, ttFaL 4223:/waʃma-ɣadi-j-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 4195:"he did not write them to me" 3973:as northerners prefer to use 3888:You are (masculine) writing: 3787: 3112:تقدر تعاونني؟/ واخا تعاونني؟ 2841:when they were expelled from 2748:: rondpoint (traffic circle) 2551:: woman (orig. imra'ah امرأة) 2253:More recently, the influx of 2214: 2209: 1906:in many dialects (such as in 1227: 12011:Ancient South Arabian script 11978:Influence on other languages 11900:Moroccan Arabic Swadesh List 11857:. Casablanca: Wallada, 1992. 11119:, no.183 (1924), pp.267-282. 10856:('News of Our Country'). In 10602: 10220:Paradigms of Irregular Verbs 5712:"give gifts to one another" 4375: 4096:Write! (masculine singular) 3894:You are (feminine) writing: 3662:وخا تعاود عفاك؟ 3526:f-rak temchi? / f-rak rayaḥ 3436:škatʿăddel? / šenni xaddam? 2925:: El armario (the cupboard) 2860:: rueda (wheel), pronounced 2539:: my son (orig. waladi ولدي) 2132:Mala'bat al-Kafif az-Zarhuni 971:when adjacent to pharyngeal 932: 762: 723:, Cheraga, Awlad Jama', etc. 486:classifies Moroccan Arabic, 451:and to a lesser extent with 7: 13268: 12353: 12344: 12335: 12326: 12317: 12308: 12299: 12290: 12281: 12272: 12263: 12253: 12245: 12235: 12227: 12218: 12209: 12200: 12191: 12181: 12173: 12163: 12155: 12146: 12136: 12128: 12119: 12110: 12051: 11776:. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1950. 10875: 8760:Weak verb, form I, fʕa/yfʕi 8734:Feminine singular non-past 6922:This paradigm differs from 5693:tFaMeMt/tFaMMit, tFaM(e)M, 4598:F = first consonant of root 4570:"be red, blush" from Ḥ-M-R. 4480:"cause to write", form III 4275:"I will not write anything" 4217:/waʃma-ka-j-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 4111: 4102:Write! (feminine singular) 3658:Can you repeat that please? 3465:ašnu smiytek? / šu smiytek 3343:kul-ši mliḥ? / kul-ši zin? 3181:allah y'awn / allah ysahel 2384:the claims made and adding 2180:Notes of a Moroccan Infidel 2051:The gemination of the flap 2008:as a result of a following 959:were merged into a phoneme 843:phonemes of Moroccan Arabic 837: 715:, and in the area north of 497: 393: 47:to comply with Knowledge's 10: 14642: 11839:Francisco Moscoso García. 11767:Moroccan Arabic Phrasebook 11454:Valentina Ferrara (2017). 10141:"limit, fix (appointment)" 10103:This verb works much like 9485:elsewhere (third person). 9462:This verb works much like 6538:"write": non-finite forms 4610:L = last consonant of root 4319:"Are you going to write?" 4252:Negative pronouns such as 4205:/ma-ɣadi-j-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 4115: 3918:You (plural) are writing: 3762: 2742:: appartement (apartment) 2726:: télévision (television) 2497:: metal (orig. ħadid حديد) 2479:: idea (orig. fikrah فكرة) 2467:: cow (orig. baqarah بقرة) 2146:, is considered the first 2063: 2004:is similarly converted to 407:Moroccan vernacular Arabic 14521: 14480: 14447: 14424: 14397: 14364: 14283: 14240: 14231: 14116: 14012: 13986: 13977: 13970: 13886: 13865:Main liturgical languages 13863: 13835: 13811: 13783: 13774: 13737: 13694: 13685: 13665: 13637: 13614: 13605: 13596: 13573: 13499: 13492:Islam and Arabic language 13485: 13420: 13307: 13237: 13216: 13141: 13059: 13041: 13002: 12895: 12855: 12822: 12813: 12786: 12746: 12737: 12711: 12598: 12458: 12449: 12440: 12419: 12373: 12364: 12101: 11986: 11943: 11709:(in French). 9 June 2006. 11317:Gottreich, Emily (2020). 11004:(1st ed.). Zākūrah. 10809:(the Wind's Crutch), and 10541: 10531: 10521: 10511: 10498: 10464: 10454: 10444: 10434: 10421: 10413: 10405: 10401: 10352: 10317: 10312: 10309: 10306: 10303: 10300: 10297: 10257:(pl.); active participle 10208:"strengthen" from Q-W-Y, 10183:Form X verbs behave like 10065: 10055: 10045: 10035: 10022: 9988: 9978: 9968: 9958: 9945: 9937: 9929: 9925: 9876: 9841: 9836: 9833: 9830: 9827: 9824: 9821: 9750: 9740: 9730: 9720: 9707: 9673: 9663: 9653: 9643: 9630: 9622: 9614: 9610: 9561: 9526: 9521: 9518: 9515: 9512: 9509: 9506: 9489:Hollow verb, form I, fal/ 9424: 9414: 9404: 9394: 9381: 9347: 9337: 9327: 9317: 9304: 9296: 9288: 9284: 9235: 9200: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9186: 9183: 9180: 9114:Form VIII: (no examples?) 8993: 8983: 8973: 8963: 8950: 8936: 8929: 8924: 8917: 8912: 8905: 8900: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8875: 8871: 8828: 8793: 8788: 8785: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8642: 8629: 8616: 8603: 8588: 8539: 8526: 8513: 8500: 8487: 8479: 8471: 8467: 8409: 8374: 8369: 8366: 8363: 8360: 8357: 8354: 8283: 8273: 8263: 8253: 8240: 8195: 8181: 8163: 8146: 8133: 8128: 8120: 8116: 8051: 8016: 8011: 8008: 8005: 8002: 7999: 7996: 7971:(shown in boldface) are: 7929: 7919: 7909: 7899: 7886: 7852: 7842: 7832: 7822: 7812: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7752: 7717: 7712: 7709: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7591: 7573: 7559: 7547: 7534: 7488: 7474: 7456: 7442: 7432: 7427: 7419: 7415: 7372: 7337: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7256: 7243: 7230: 7217: 7204: 7170: 7158: 7145: 7132: 7119: 7114: 7106: 7102: 7050: 7015: 7010: 7007: 7004: 7001: 6998: 6995: 6873: 6863: 6853: 6843: 6830: 6796: 6786: 6772: 6758: 6745: 6740: 6732: 6728: 6674: 6639: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6570: 6469: 6459: 6445: 6432: 6419: 6376: 6366: 6356: 6343: 6333: 6328: 6320: 6316: 6270: 6235: 6230: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6035: 6011:"cause to deal in drugs" 5873: 5869: 5854: 5825: 5804: 5799: 5784:FMaLit/FMeLt/FMaLt, FMaL 5751:FtaLit/FteLt/FtaLt, FtaL 5689: 5543: 5530: 5528: 5502: 5456: 5453: 5430: 5291: 5287: 5285:"be" (the only examples) 5258: 5256: 5252: 5228: 5142: 5126: 5104: 5101: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 4893: 4865: 4847: 4802: 4774: 4760: 4752: 4687: 4670: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4566:doubled: Egyptian Arabic 4087:"I want 'you to write"). 3671:Please speak more slowly. 3632:I'd like a coffee please. 3533: 3509: 3478: 3461: 3433:faš xddam? / chno katdir 3429: 3421: 3418: 3388:ḷḷa yxallik / ḷḷa yʿizek 3364: 3361: 3353: 3350: 3282: 3279: 3248: 3245: 3191: 3188: 3180: 3177: 3089:كيف نتينا؟/لا باس؟ بخير؟ 2491:: gold (orig. dhahab ذهب) 2461:: wall (orig. ħā'iṭ حائط) 2437:: monkey (orig. qird قرد) 2304:. Others are shared with 2300:"go down" from Classical 1699: 1657: 1615: 1478: 1355: 1309: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1247: 1242: 940: 853: 850: 848: 833: 314: 300: 284: 268: 263: 247: 218: 158: 140: 122: 112: 100: 91: 86: 81: 13433:Arabic script in Unicode 13168:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin 12528:(North-Eastern Tunisian) 11885:Online Darija Translator 11740:Ernest T. Abdel Massih. 11000: 10683:formerly ruled by France 10133:As for the other forms: 5434:FaMeMt/FaMMit, FaM(e)M, 4199:/ma-ka-j-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 3767: 3723:How much does this cost? 3192:ṣbaḥ l-xir / ṣbaḥ n-nur 3063:Western Moroccan Arabic 3054:Western Moroccan Arabic 3028:= emphatic consonants = 2772:: téléphone (telephone) 2766:: portable (cell phone) 2600:: typical Moroccan dress 2527:: wire (orig. khayṭ خيط) 2320:"there", from Classical 2277:. It also contains some 2265:Vocabulary and loanwords 521:speaking Moroccan Arabic 383:العربية المغربية الدارجة 154:Total: 40 million (2020) 147:: 29 million (2020) 94:العربية المغربية الدارجة 60:may contain suggestions. 45:may need to be rewritten 12695:Western Egyptian Bedawi 11594:10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0006 11456:"À propos de la darija" 9143:Form Iq: (need example) 6926:in the following ways: 4529:"frighten" is a strong 4513:and strong, weak, etc. 4370:ka ma-ġadi-ši-te-kteb?! 4285:ḥta waḥed ma-ġa-ye-kteb 4281:"Do not write anything" 3977:and southerners prefer 3796:(write) is as follows: 3462:شنو اسمك؟ / شنو سميتك؟ 3379:الله يعزك / الله يخليك 3147:waš tehder lengliziya? 2545:: man (orig. rajul رجل) 2521:: room (orig. bayt بيت) 2515:: face (orig. wažh وجه) 2509:: head (orig. ra's رأس) 2503:: foot (orig. rijl رجل) 2473:: eat (orig. akala أكل) 2312:"talk", from Classical 1193:usually not affected), 727:Eastern Moroccan Arabic 689:Western Moroccan Arabic 14028:North-Eastern Tunisian 13892:Modern Standard Arabic 13837:Main foreign languages 11864:. Milan: Hoepli, 2022. 11783:. Publ. Peeters, 1993. 11769:, Lonely Planet, 1999. 11496:Elimam, Abdou (2009). 10703:Modern Standard Arabic 10617:Modern Standard Arabic 10599: 10216:"follow" from W-L-Y). 9163:"answer" from ʒ-W-B). 9136:"become embarrassed", 8341:Weak, form I, fʕa/yfʕa 6052:tˤtˤerˤʒem/ytˤtˤerˤʒem 4345:Instead of the prefix 4211:/waʃma-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 3992:Instead of the prefix 3906:She is/it is writing: 3710:Where are the toilets? 3574:Latin Transliteration 3550:Further useful phrases 3189:صباح الخير/صباح النور 3138:واش تهدر الانّڭليزية؟ 3129:Do you speak English? 2812: : table (table) 2485:: love (orig. ħubb حب) 2455:: door (orig. bab باب) 2449:: sun (orig. šams شمس) 2443:: sea (orig. baħr بحر) 2425:: dog (orig. kalb كلب) 2155:Modern Standard Arabic 2083: 1898:splits lexically into 546: 522: 457:Modern Standard Arabic 371: 359: 316:This article contains 308:Map of Moroccan Arabic 13299:Quranic Arabic Corpus 12006:Ancient North Arabian 11895:Moroccan Arabic Guide 11329:10.5040/9781838603601 11271:, Brill, 1976, pp.4-5 11116:Annales de Géographie 10965:Ennaji, Moha (1998). 10819:Scientific production 10795:Driss Amghar Mesnaoui 10639:to sound less formal 10593: 10287:; passive participle 10239:, passive participle 5776:"be interested (in)" 5683:"finish (intrans.)", 4654:are not highlighted. 4506:"bring" from Ž-Y-B). 4433:means "he wrote" and 4181:"step". (Originally, 3875:The present tense of 3507:Where are you going? 3337:kul-ši mezyan ? 3294:كيف نتين؟/كيف نتينا؟ 3178:الله يعاون/الله يسهل 2952:Some useful sentences 2901:: carrosa (carriage) 2806:: serviette (napkin) 2431:: cat (orig. qiṭṭ قط) 2257:and Spanish-speaking– 2122:Al-Kafif az-Zarhuni's 2100:Judeo-Moroccan Arabic 2071: 544: 537:Pre-Hilalian dialects 516: 492:Judeo-Moroccan Arabic 365: 357: 14318:Eastern Middle Atlas 13757:Eastern Middle Atlas 13567:Languages of Morocco 13250:Sun and moon letters 12410:Pre-classical Arabic 11505:. Synergies Tunisie. 10648:Arabic Chat Alphabet 10304:Present Subjunctive 10177:"be interested (in)" 9828:Present Subjunctive 9513:Present Subjunctive 9187:Present Subjunctive 8780:Present Subjunctive 8361:Present Subjunctive 8003:Present Subjunctive 7704:Present Subjunctive 7324:Present Subjunctive 7002:Present Subjunctive 6626:Present Subjunctive 6222:Present Subjunctive 5706:tsˤaf(e)f/ytsˤaf(e)f 5562:"change (intrans.)" 4987:stems, respectively. 4562:"be fat" from S-M-N. 4313:wellah ma-ġa-ne-kteb 4297:wellah ma-ġa-ne-kteb 3900:He's/it is writing: 3839:You (plural) wrote: 3665:wakha t-awoud afak? 3639:wahed lqahoua afak. 3476:Where are you from? 3451:/ faš txedmi ? 3430:فاش خدام/شنو كتدير؟ 3416:Thank you very much 3382:ḷḷa yxallik / ʿafak 3325:Is everything okay? 3314:/ kif ntina ? 3124:yemken-lek tʿaweni? 3118:yemken-lek tʿaweni? 2847:Christian Reconquest 2778:: briquet (lighter) 1945:normally appears as 1181:"sparks" (rightmost 1071:"friends" (standard 1051:"shorter" (standard 1007:usually merges with 795:improve this section 230:East Moroccan Arabic 225:West Moroccan Arabic 152:: 9.6 million (2020) 14167:Central and Saharan 13912:Formerly native to 13104:Judeo-Tripolitanian 12583:Judeo-Tripolitanian 11853:Abderrahim Youssi. 11811:Richard S. Harrel. 11804:Richard S. Harrel. 11786:Dominique Caubet. ‘ 11691:. 26 November 2013. 11516:Morocco-guide.com. 11373:on 5 December 2019. 11300:Caubet (2007), p. 3 10882:Varieties of Arabic 10864:, started in 2005. 10815:(The Town's Luck). 10747:Al-Kafif az-Zarhuni 10743:Moroccan literature 10307:Present Indicative 10204:"live" from Ħ-Y-Y, 9831:Present Indicative 9804:"love" from Ħ-B-B. 9516:Present Indicative 9190:Present Indicative 8783:Present Indicative 8364:Present Indicative 8006:Present Indicative 7707:Present Indicative 7327:Present Indicative 7005:Present Indicative 6629:Present Indicative 6550:Passive Participle 6225:Present Indicative 5648:"be made to vomit" 5616:"twist (intrans.)" 5449:"line up (trans.)" 5424:"finish (trans.)", 4589:Table of verb forms 4287:"Nobody will write" 4279:ma-te-kteb ḥta ḥaja 4193:/ma-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 4157:"he does not write" 4083:"I want to write", 3944:ka-n-, ka-t-, ka-y- 3684:I don't understand. 3678:hder bshwiya afak. 3291:كي داير؟/كي دايرة؟ 3277:How are you doing? 3260:السلام عليكم/اهلاً 3257:السلام عليكم/اهلاً 2931:: carretera (road) 2871:: cocina (kitchen) 2720:: automobile (car) 2678:: hardship, worries 2556:ħmər/xdər/zrəq/ṣfər 2204:Youssef Amine Alami 2185:Farouk El Merrakchi 2055:results in a trill 1236: 1108:emphatic consonants 1106:in the vicinity of 1059:"go up!" (standard 989:emphatic consonants 845: 13598:Native vernaculars 13575:Official languages 13477:MacArabic encoding 11875:Friends of Morocco 11779:Dominique Caubet. 11287:2015-04-13 at the 11181:, teachmideast.org 11177:2015-07-15 at the 11138:2013-11-12 at the 10600: 10594:An interview with 10156:"line up (trans.)" 6547:Active Participle 6187:tpidˤala/ytpidˤala 6172:tF...Tit, tF...Ta 6145:"roll (intrans.)" 6091:tsˤifetˤ/ytsˤifetˤ 6058:"move (intrans.)" 5890:tˤerˤʒem/ytˤerˤʒem 5821:steɣrˤeb/ysteɣrˤeb 5710:twad(e)d/ytwad(e)d 5447:sˤaf(e)f/ysˤaf(e)f 4273:ma-ġa-ne-kteb walu 4146:"he did not write" 4118:Negation in Arabic 3924:They are writing: 3792:The past tense of 3636:.واحد القهوة عفاك 3459:What's your name? 3304:/ ki dayra ? 3232:be-slama / tḥălla 3071:(Transliterated) 2883:: manta (blanket) 2760:: caméra (camera) 2712:[foɾʃitˤɑ] 2369:possibly contains 2336:Richard S. Harrell 2124:epic 14th century 2084: 1981:) like in western 1232: 979:). This phoneme ( 838: 570:: Old dialects of 547: 523: 372: 360: 14603: 14602: 14585:Vandalic language 14517: 14516: 14420: 14419: 14227: 14226: 13962:Languages of the 13929: 13928: 13831: 13830: 13827: 13826: 13770: 13769: 13681: 13680: 13533: 13532: 13508:extinct languages 13447:MS-DOS codepages 13212: 13211: 13208: 13207: 12891: 12890: 12809: 12808: 12707: 12706: 12403:Old Hijazi Arabic 11890:Mazyan Bizaf Show 11482:978-3-11-021844-2 11338:978-1-78076-849-6 11011:978-9920-38-197-0 10978:978-1-919799-12-4 10948:(27th ed., 2024) 10887:Dialect continuum 10753:, written in the 10731:Andalusian Arabic 10631:or otherwise non- 10591: 10577: 10576: 10553: 10504: 10474: 10411: 10101: 10100: 10077: 10028: 9998: 9935: 9786: 9785: 9762: 9713: 9683: 9620: 9460: 9459: 9436: 9387: 9357: 9294: 9029: 9028: 9005: 8956: 8946: 8881: 8690:(shown in ) are: 8684: 8683: 8657: 8594: 8552: 8477: 8330: 8329: 8295: 8246: 8205: 8126: 7965: 7964: 7941: 7892: 7862: 7805: 7641: 7640: 7607: 7540: 7500: 7425: 7301: 7300: 7268: 7210: 7180: 7112: 6920: 6919: 6885: 6836: 6806: 6738: 6607: 6606: 6508: 6507: 6481: 6425: 6389: 6326: 6193: 6192: 6165:"act bourgeois", 6073:(same as strong) 6054:"be translated", 5915:(same as strong) 5896:"move (trans.)", 5841:stFeMMit, stFeMM 5838:(same as strong) 5800:(same as strong) 5793:"be red, blush", 5690:(same as strong) 5577:(same as strong) 5503:ttFeMMit, ttFeMM 5431:(same as strong) 5325:(same as strong) 5033:dˤáyyaʕ/yidˤáyyaʕ 5024: 5017: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4925: 4916: 4904: 4890: 4872: 4862: 4853: 4838: 4825: 4813: 4799: 4781: 4767: 4758: 4743: 4729: 4711: 4697: 4653: 4646: 4639: 4632: 4625: 4476:"write", form II 4305:wellah ma-ne-kteb 4291:wellah ma-ne-kteb 4177:comes from Latin 4169:comes from Latin 4155:/ma-ka-j-kteb-ʃi/ 3867:described above. 3760: 3759: 3675:.هضر بشويا عافاك 3547: 3546: 3523: 3519: 3502: 3498: 3489: 3485: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3440:/ šenni xaddama? 3439: 3348:Nice to meet you 3317: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3212:lay ymsik be-xer 3115:يمكن لك تعاونني؟ 3109:يمكن لك تعاونني؟ 3106:Can you help me? 3077:(Transliterated) 3065:(Transliterated) 2818:: ordinateur / pc 2707:forshita/forsheta 2414: 2413: 2406: 2371:original research 2273:and derived from 2116:Judah ibn Quraish 1848:in some speakers. 1751:Phonetic notes: 1749: 1748: 1558: 1488: 1427: 1365: 1305: 1298: 1293: 1286: 1209:affected but not 949: 948: 831: 830: 823: 663:Hilalian dialects 658:Hilalian dialects 514: 484:SIL International 445:dialect continuum 436:form or forms of 412:), also known as 391: 355: 342: 341: 324:rendering support 320:phonetic symbols. 132:, also used as a 106:[ddæɾiʒæ] 75: 74: 49:quality standards 16:(Redirected from 14633: 14621:Arabic languages 14579: 14572: 14565: 14551: 14537: 14508: 14355: 14353:Western Algerian 14348: 14341: 14334: 14327: 14325:Northern Saharan 14320: 14306: 14299: 14238: 14237: 14218: 14211: 14204: 14202:Eastern Moroccan 14197: 14195:Western Moroccan 14183: 14181:Western Algerian 14176: 14174:Eastern Algerian 14169: 14162: 14148: 14134: 14107: 14100: 14093: 14079: 14072: 14058: 14051: 14044: 14030: 13984: 13983: 13975: 13974: 13956: 13949: 13942: 13933: 13932: 13899:Classical Arabic 13781: 13780: 13719:Sanhaja de Srair 13692: 13691: 13612: 13611: 13603: 13602: 13560: 13553: 13546: 13537: 13536: 13523: 13522: 13271: 12820: 12819: 12744: 12743: 12680:Western Algerian 12627:Eastern Algerian 12623:Algerian Saharan 12553:(Lesser Kabylia) 12456: 12455: 12447: 12446: 12389:Nabataean Arabic 12371: 12370: 12356: 12347: 12338: 12329: 12320: 12311: 12302: 12293: 12284: 12275: 12266: 12258: 12248: 12240: 12230: 12221: 12212: 12203: 12194: 12186: 12176: 12168: 12158: 12149: 12141: 12131: 12122: 12113: 12093:Maltese alphabet 12056: 12036:Algerian Braille 12026:Eastern numerals 11996:Nabataean script 11929: 11922: 11915: 11906: 11905: 11797:Olivier Durand. 11781:L'arabe marocain 11729: 11728: 11717: 11711: 11710: 11699: 11693: 11692: 11681: 11675: 11674: 11672: 11670: 11659: 11653: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11637: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11626: 11611: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11600: 11579: 11570: 11564: 11563: 11553: 11547: 11546: 11544: 11542: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11513: 11507: 11506: 11504: 11493: 11487: 11486: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11451: 11442: 11441: 11421: 11415: 11414: 11412: 11410: 11399: 11393: 11392: 11391:on 27 June 2018. 11387:. Archived from 11381: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11365: 11357: 11351: 11350: 11314: 11301: 11298: 11292: 11278: 11272: 11267:J. Grand'Henry, 11265: 11259: 11256: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11245: 11231: 11225: 11214: 11208: 11205: 11196: 11188: 11182: 11168: 11157: 11154: 11143: 11129: 11120: 11111: 11105: 11104: 11097: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11086: 11071: 11065: 11064: 11044: 11038: 11037: 11031: 11023: 10992: 10983: 10982: 10962: 10956: 10955: 10954: 10937: 10862:Latifa Akherbach 10814: 10813: 10808: 10807: 10802: 10801: 10727:Arab nationalist 10592: 10551: 10502: 10472: 10409: 10295: 10294: 10075: 10026: 9996: 9933: 9819: 9818: 9760: 9711: 9681: 9618: 9504: 9503: 9434: 9385: 9355: 9292: 9178: 9177: 9111:"end (intrans.)" 9003: 8954: 8944: 8879: 8771: 8770: 8655: 8592: 8550: 8475: 8352: 8351: 8293: 8244: 8203: 8124: 7994: 7993: 7989:ttexleʕ/yttexleʕ 7939: 7890: 7860: 7803: 7695: 7694: 7690:sˤaferˤ/ysˤaferˤ 7605: 7538: 7498: 7423: 7315: 7314: 7266: 7208: 7178: 7110: 6993: 6992: 6883: 6834: 6804: 6736: 6617: 6616: 6541: 6540: 6479: 6423: 6387: 6324: 6213: 6212: 6179:tblˤana/ytblˤana 6169:"deal in drugs" 6068:tseqsˤa/ytseqsˤa 6061:tFeSTit, tFeSTa 6056:tmelmel/ytmelmel 6029:pidˤala/ypidˤali 6023:"scheme, plan", 6014:F...Tit, F...Ta 5987:"roll (trans.)" 5933:sˤifetˤ/ysˤifetˤ 5900:"speak nasally" 5826:steFMit, steFMa 5639:tFiyyit, tFiyya 5634:tbiyyen/ytbiyyen 5600:tFuwwit, tFuwwa 5597:"be frightened" 5595:txuwwef/ytxuwwef 5565:tFeMMit, tFeMMa 5560:tbeddel/ytbeddel 5482:tterˤma/ytterˤma 5475:tteFMit, tteFMa 5470:ttekteb/yttekteb 5410:sˤaferˤ/ysˤaferˤ 5044: 5043: 5019: 5012: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4981: 4974: 4967: 4938: 4920: 4914: 4899: 4885: 4867: 4857: 4851: 4833: 4823: 4808: 4794: 4776: 4762: 4756: 4738: 4724: 4706: 4692: 4657: 4656: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4404:Each particular 4382:consonantal root 4232: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4156: 4152: 4145: 4141: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4108:Write! (plural) 4064:"I will write", 3912:We are writing: 3645:What time is it? 3600:wakha shoukran. 3571:Moroccan Arabic 3565: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3531:You are welcome 3521: 3517: 3500: 3496: 3487: 3483: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3437: 3427:What do you do? 3373:الله يخليك/عفاك 3316:(Northern urban) 3315: 3311: 3305: 3301: 3300:ki dayer ? 3223:بالسلامة / تهلا 3203:الله يمسيك بخير 3048: 3047: 3031: 3022: 3013: 2913:: plaza (place) 2877:: semana (week) 2865: 2863:[ɾwedˤɑ] 2800:: train (train) 2754:: autobus (bus) 2714: 2409: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2386:inline citations 2362: 2361: 2354: 2275:Classical Arabic 2244:Berber languages 2189:Latifa Akherbach 2163:Classical Arabic 2058: 2054: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032:"glass" vs. MSA 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992:is converted to 1991: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1890: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1831: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1786: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1758: 1736: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1680: 1673: 1638: 1631: 1608: 1601: 1591: 1584: 1577: 1566: 1554: 1549: 1542: 1535: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1503: 1495: 1484: 1465: 1455: 1448: 1441: 1434: 1423: 1418: 1408: 1401: 1391: 1384: 1373: 1361: 1333: 1326: 1319: 1301: 1296: 1289: 1284: 1237: 1231: 1223: 1219: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1177:both affected), 1176: 1172: 1168: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1133: 1125: 1117: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 945: 916: 909: 902: 895: 846: 826: 819: 815: 812: 806: 775: 767: 748:Hassaniya Arabic 667:Bedouin dialects 515: 488:Hassaniya Arabic 427: 426: 421: 420: 411: 408: 405: 402: 399: 396: 386: 384: 356: 305: 296: 280: 273: 253: 164: 108: 96: 95: 79: 78: 70: 67: 61: 38: 30: 21: 18:Moroccan dialect 14641: 14640: 14636: 14635: 14634: 14632: 14631: 14630: 14626:Maghrebi Arabic 14616:Moroccan Arabic 14606: 14605: 14604: 14599: 14595:Ottoman Turkish 14575: 14570:African Romance 14568: 14561: 14547: 14533: 14513: 14504: 14476: 14443: 14416: 14393: 14360: 14351: 14346:Tunisian-Zuwara 14344: 14337: 14330: 14323: 14316: 14302: 14295: 14279: 14223: 14214: 14207: 14200: 14193: 14179: 14172: 14165: 14158: 14144: 14130: 14112: 14103: 14096: 14089: 14075: 14068: 14064:Western Village 14054: 14047: 14040: 14036:Eastern Village 14026: 14008: 13999:Modern Standard 13966: 13960: 13930: 13925: 13906:Medieval Hebrew 13882: 13859: 13823: 13807: 13766: 13762:Eastern Morocco 13733: 13677: 13661: 13633: 13592: 13569: 13564: 13534: 13529: 13495: 13481: 13428:Arabic keyboard 13416: 13311: 13303: 13288:Mater lectionis 13282:Triliteral root 13233: 13204: 13145: 13137: 13055: 13037: 12998: 12887: 12851: 12805: 12782: 12733: 12703: 12594: 12574:Judeo-Maghrebi 12442: 12436: 12432:Modern Standard 12415: 12360: 12097: 12041:Maltese Braille 12021:Arabic numerals 11982: 11939: 11933: 11871: 11848:La Linguistique 11818:Jeffrey Heath. 11788:Moroccan Arabic 11754:Jordi Aguadé. ‘ 11737: 11732: 11719: 11718: 11714: 11701: 11700: 11696: 11683: 11682: 11678: 11668: 11666: 11661: 11660: 11656: 11646: 11644: 11639: 11638: 11634: 11624: 11622: 11621:on 27 June 2018 11613: 11612: 11608: 11598: 11596: 11577: 11571: 11567: 11559:Moroccan Arabic 11554: 11550: 11540: 11538: 11530: 11529: 11525: 11514: 11510: 11502: 11494: 11490: 11483: 11467: 11463: 11452: 11445: 11438: 11422: 11418: 11408: 11406: 11401: 11400: 11396: 11383: 11382: 11378: 11370: 11363: 11359: 11358: 11354: 11339: 11323:. I.B. Tauris. 11315: 11304: 11299: 11295: 11289:Wayback Machine 11279: 11275: 11266: 11262: 11257: 11253: 11243: 11241: 11233: 11232: 11228: 11215: 11211: 11206: 11199: 11189: 11185: 11179:Wayback Machine 11169: 11160: 11155: 11146: 11140:Wayback Machine 11130: 11123: 11112: 11108: 11099: 11098: 11094: 11084: 11082: 11080:en.yabiladi.com 11072: 11068: 11061: 11045: 11041: 11025: 11024: 11012: 11002: 10993: 10986: 10979: 10963: 10959: 10949: 10940:Moroccan Arabic 10938: 10929: 10925: 10902:Tunisian Arabic 10897:Algerian Arabic 10892:Maghrebi Arabic 10878: 10830: 10821: 10770:Nass El Ghiwane 10739: 10679: 10605: 10584: 10582: 10580:Social features 10222: 10198: 9810: 9798: 9495: 9169: 9153: 9107:Form IIIa(VI): 9104:"become strong" 9093:Form Ia(VIIt): 8762: 8343: 8335: 7985: 7686: 7306: 6984: 6612: 6510:Some comments: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6027:"dodge, fake", 6021:blˤana, yblˤani 5823:"be surprised" 5797:"be(come) fat" 5767:FteMMit, FteMM 5737:xtarˤeʕ/xtarˤeʕ 5733:ħtarˤem/ħtarˤem 5708:"get in line", 5636:"be indicated" 5488:"be forgotten" 5023: 5016: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4942: 4924: 4903: 4889: 4871: 4861: 4837: 4812: 4798: 4780: 4766: 4742: 4728: 4710: 4696: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4591: 4378: 4317:waš ġa-te-kteb? 4120: 4114: 4042: 3879:is as follows: 3873: 3813:, the feminine 3790: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3717:fin toilettes? 3652:ch-hal fssa-a? 3563: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3471:wašta smiytek? 3411:tḥălla f-ṛaṣek 3405:tḥălla f-ṛaṣek 3283:la bas (ʿlik)? 3272:s-salam ʿlikum 3243:Happy new year 3215:teṣbaḥ ʿla xir 3209:teṣbaḥ ʿla xir 2954: 2938: 2835:Andalusi Arabic 2831: 2718:tonobil/tomobil 2703: 2588: 2419: 2410: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2375: 2363: 2359: 2306:Algerian Arabic 2267: 2255:Andalusi people 2229:African Romance 2217: 2212: 2092:Arabic language 2078:in Darija with 2066: 1977:"go past" (MSA 1969:"butcher" (MSA 1822:"your mother"). 1230: 1185:not affected), 1163:Egyptian Arabic 1023:is maintained, 836: 827: 816: 810: 807: 792: 776: 765: 660: 539: 502: 500: 453:Tunisian Arabic 449:Algerian Arabic 442:Maghrebi Arabic 409: 406: 403: 400: 375:Moroccan Arabic 344: 322:Without proper 310: 309: 292: 276: 269: 258:Arabic alphabet 254: 249: 214: 200:Moroccan Arabic 185:Central Semitic 165: 162:Language family 160: 153: 148: 134:second language 82:Moroccan Arabic 71: 65: 62: 52: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14639: 14629: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14601: 14600: 14598: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14581: 14580: 14573: 14566: 14554: 14553: 14552: 14540: 14539: 14538: 14525: 14523: 14519: 14518: 14515: 14514: 14512: 14511: 14510: 14509: 14497: 14492: 14486: 14484: 14478: 14477: 14475: 14474: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14453: 14451: 14445: 14444: 14442: 14441: 14436: 14430: 14428: 14422: 14421: 14418: 14417: 14415: 14414: 14409: 14403: 14401: 14395: 14394: 14392: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14370: 14368: 14362: 14361: 14359: 14358: 14357: 14356: 14349: 14342: 14335: 14328: 14321: 14309: 14308: 14307: 14300: 14289: 14287: 14281: 14280: 14278: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14246: 14244: 14235: 14229: 14228: 14225: 14224: 14222: 14221: 14220: 14219: 14212: 14209:Moroccan koiné 14205: 14198: 14186: 14185: 14184: 14177: 14170: 14163: 14160:Algerian koiné 14151: 14150: 14149: 14146:Tunisian koiné 14137: 14136: 14135: 14122: 14120: 14114: 14113: 14111: 14110: 14109: 14108: 14101: 14094: 14082: 14081: 14080: 14073: 14061: 14060: 14059: 14056:Lesser Kabylia 14052: 14045: 14033: 14032: 14031: 14018: 14016: 14010: 14009: 14007: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13990: 13988: 13981: 13972: 13968: 13967: 13959: 13958: 13951: 13944: 13936: 13927: 13926: 13924: 13923: 13918: 13909: 13902: 13895: 13887: 13884: 13883: 13881: 13880: 13875: 13869: 13867: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13841: 13839: 13833: 13832: 13829: 13828: 13825: 13824: 13822: 13821: 13815: 13813: 13809: 13808: 13806: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13789: 13787: 13778: 13772: 13771: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13743: 13741: 13735: 13734: 13732: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13700: 13698: 13689: 13683: 13682: 13679: 13678: 13676: 13675: 13669: 13667: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13659: 13654: 13649: 13643: 13641: 13635: 13634: 13632: 13631: 13629:Judeo-Moroccan 13626: 13620: 13618: 13609: 13600: 13594: 13593: 13591: 13590: 13585: 13579: 13577: 13571: 13570: 13563: 13562: 13555: 13548: 13540: 13531: 13530: 13528: 13527: 13517: 13510: 13500: 13497: 13496: 13494: 13493: 13489: 13487: 13483: 13482: 13480: 13479: 13474: 13473: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13459: 13456: 13453: 13445: 13440: 13438:ISO/IEC 8859-6 13435: 13430: 13424: 13422: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13372:Naskh (script) 13369: 13364: 13359: 13354: 13349: 13344: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13318: 13316: 13305: 13304: 13302: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13264: 13263: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13241: 13239: 13235: 13234: 13232: 13231: 13226: 13220: 13218: 13214: 13213: 13210: 13209: 13206: 13205: 13203: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13152: 13150: 13139: 13138: 13136: 13135: 13134: 13133: 13130: 13127: 13124: 13116: 13115: 13114: 13109:Judeo-Tunisian 13106: 13101: 13100: 13099: 13096: 13091:Judeo-Moroccan 13088: 13087: 13086: 13076: 13074:Judeo-Egyptian 13071: 13069:Judeo-Algerian 13065: 13063: 13057: 13056: 13054: 13053: 13051:Bedouin Arabic 13047: 13045: 13039: 13038: 13036: 13035: 13028: 13027: 13026: 13021: 13018: 13015: 13006: 13004: 13000: 12999: 12997: 12996: 12995: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12943: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12901: 12899: 12893: 12892: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12885: 12884: 12883: 12873: 12868: 12862: 12860: 12853: 12852: 12850: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12828: 12826: 12817: 12811: 12810: 12807: 12806: 12804: 12803: 12798: 12792: 12790: 12784: 12783: 12781: 12780: 12779: 12778: 12773: 12763: 12758: 12752: 12750: 12741: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12715: 12713: 12709: 12708: 12705: 12704: 12702: 12701: 12700: 12699: 12698: 12697: 12684: 12683: 12682: 12677: 12676: 12675: 12670: 12663:Moroccan koiné 12660: 12659: 12658: 12648: 12640: 12639: 12638: 12636:Tunisian koiné 12632:Eastern Hilal 12630: 12629: 12628: 12625: 12620: 12619: 12618: 12616:Judeo-Algerian 12611:Algerian koiné 12607:Central Hilal 12604: 12602: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12592: 12591: 12590: 12588:Judeo-Tunisian 12585: 12580: 12578:Judeo-Moroccan 12572: 12571: 12570: 12569: 12568: 12562: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12548: 12543: 12531: 12530: 12529: 12518: 12517: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12472: 12464: 12462: 12453: 12444: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12434: 12429: 12423: 12421: 12417: 12416: 12414: 12413: 12406: 12399: 12392: 12385: 12377: 12375: 12368: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12358: 12349: 12340: 12331: 12322: 12313: 12304: 12295: 12286: 12277: 12268: 12259: 12250: 12241: 12232: 12223: 12214: 12205: 12196: 12187: 12178: 12169: 12160: 12151: 12142: 12133: 12124: 12115: 12105: 12103: 12099: 12098: 12096: 12095: 12090: 12089: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12043: 12038: 12033: 12031:Arabic Braille 12028: 12023: 12018: 12017: 12016: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11992: 11990: 11984: 11983: 11981: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11964: 11963: 11953: 11947: 11945: 11941: 11940: 11932: 11931: 11924: 11917: 11909: 11903: 11902: 11897: 11892: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11870: 11869:External links 11867: 11866: 11865: 11858: 11851: 11844: 11837: 11834:Actes d'AIDA 6 11830: 11823: 11816: 11809: 11802: 11795: 11784: 11777: 11772:Louis Brunot. 11770: 11763: 11752: 11745: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11712: 11694: 11676: 11654: 11632: 11606: 11588:(2): 117–145. 11565: 11548: 11523: 11508: 11488: 11481: 11461: 11443: 11436: 11416: 11394: 11376: 11352: 11337: 11320:Jewish Morocco 11302: 11293: 11273: 11260: 11251: 11226: 11209: 11197: 11183: 11170:K. Versteegh, 11158: 11144: 11121: 11106: 11092: 11074:Yabiladi.com. 11066: 11059: 11039: 11010: 10984: 10977: 10957: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10877: 10874: 10829: 10826: 10820: 10817: 10741:Although most 10738: 10735: 10687:code-switching 10678: 10677:Code-switching 10675: 10604: 10601: 10581: 10578: 10575: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10496: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10475: 10469: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10420: 10412: 10407: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10362: 10354: 10350: 10349: 10346: 10343: 10340: 10337: 10334: 10331: 10328: 10325: 10322: 10319: 10315: 10314: 10311: 10308: 10305: 10302: 10299: 10293: 10292: 10289:muwkul, muwxud 10266: 10244: 10221: 10218: 10197: 10194: 10193: 10192: 10189:stɣell/ystɣell 10181: 10178: 10167: 10165:ttʕedd/yttʕedd 10157: 10150:sˤafef/ysˤafef 10142: 10139:ɣedded/yɣedded 10099: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10020: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9993: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9944: 9936: 9931: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9886: 9878: 9874: 9873: 9870: 9867: 9864: 9861: 9858: 9855: 9852: 9849: 9846: 9843: 9839: 9838: 9835: 9832: 9829: 9826: 9823: 9809: 9806: 9797: 9794: 9784: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9768: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9705: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9629: 9621: 9616: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9571: 9563: 9559: 9558: 9555: 9552: 9549: 9546: 9543: 9540: 9537: 9534: 9531: 9528: 9524: 9523: 9520: 9517: 9514: 9511: 9508: 9494: 9487: 9475: 9474: 9471: 9464:beddel/ybeddel 9458: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9431: 9430: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9379: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9303: 9295: 9290: 9286: 9285: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9245: 9237: 9233: 9232: 9229: 9226: 9223: 9220: 9217: 9214: 9211: 9208: 9205: 9202: 9198: 9197: 9194: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9182: 9168: 9165: 9157:ʕeyyen/yʕeyyen 9152: 9149: 9148: 9147: 9144: 9141: 9138:stăʕfa/ystăʕfa 9134:steħya/ysteħya 9130:steħla/ysteħla 9126:stehza/ystehza 9124:"invite"; but 9122:stedʕa/ystedʕi 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109:tqadˤa/ytqadˤa 9105: 9102:tqewwa/ytqewwa 9098: 9097:"be forgotten" 9095:ttensa/yttensa 9091: 9080: 9065: 9064: 9061: 9058: 9051: 9050: 9040: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9000: 8999: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8948: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8935: 8928: 8923: 8916: 8911: 8904: 8899: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8826: 8825: 8822: 8819: 8816: 8813: 8810: 8807: 8804: 8801: 8798: 8795: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8784: 8781: 8778: 8775: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8756: 8755: 8754: 8743: 8732: 8718: 8703: 8682: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8641: 8636: 8628: 8623: 8615: 8610: 8602: 8595: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8577: 8569: 8561: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8538: 8533: 8525: 8520: 8512: 8507: 8499: 8494: 8486: 8478: 8473: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8458: 8453: 8445: 8440: 8432: 8427: 8419: 8411: 8407: 8406: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8376: 8372: 8371: 8368: 8365: 8362: 8359: 8356: 8342: 8339: 8334: 8331: 8328: 8327: 8318: 8309: 8301: 8296: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8223: 8214: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8180: 8171: 8162: 8153: 8145: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8106: 8097: 8088: 8079: 8071: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8042: 8039: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8018: 8014: 8013: 8010: 8007: 8004: 8001: 7998: 7984: 7981: 7980: 7979: 7976: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7750: 7749: 7746: 7743: 7740: 7737: 7734: 7731: 7728: 7725: 7722: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7652: 7639: 7638: 7629: 7620: 7615: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7590: 7581: 7572: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7532: 7531: 7524: 7515: 7506: 7501: 7495: 7494: 7487: 7482: 7473: 7464: 7455: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7370: 7369: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7310:beddel/ybeddel 7305: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7290: 7282: 7274: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7255: 7247: 7242: 7234: 7229: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7202: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7162: 7157: 7149: 7144: 7136: 7131: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7096: 7088: 7083: 7075: 7070: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7044: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7017: 7013: 7012: 7009: 7006: 7003: 7000: 6997: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6971: 6964: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6942: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6918: 6917: 6908: 6899: 6891: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6828: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6776: 6771: 6762: 6757: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6722: 6713: 6708: 6699: 6694: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6672: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6611: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6548: 6545: 6544:Number/Gender 6532: 6531: 6528: 6525: 6518: 6515: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6444: 6439: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6417: 6416: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6268: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6233: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6220: 6217: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6183:tfanta/ytfanta 6181:"be planned", 6176: 6173: 6170: 6160: 6154: 6147: 6146: 6140: 6137: 6136:tFuTit, tFuTa 6134: 6131:tsuret/ytsuret 6129:"be insured", 6127:tsuger/ytsuger 6124: 6118: 6111: 6110: 6104: 6101: 6100:tFiTit, tFiTa 6098: 6097:"be pillaged" 6095:tritel/ytritel 6088: 6082: 6075: 6074: 6071: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6049: 6043: 6037: 6033: 6032: 6018: 6015: 6012: 6002: 5996: 5989: 5988: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5966: 5960: 5953: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5930: 5924: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5910:seqsˤa/yseqsˤi 5907: 5904: 5903:FeSTit, FeSTa 5901: 5898:hernen/yhernen 5894:melmel/ymelmel 5887: 5881: 5875: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5865:stăʕfa/ystăʕfa 5861:stehza/ystehza 5858: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5848:stɣell/ystɣell 5845: 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833:stedʕa/ystedʕi 5830: 5827: 5824: 5818: 5812: 5806: 5802: 5801: 5798: 5788: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5765: 5755: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5742:FtaMit, FtaMa 5740: 5730: 5724: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5688: 5687:"join forces" 5681:tqadˤa/ytqadˤa 5678: 5675: 5674:tFaMit, tFaMa 5672: 5669:tʕawen/ytʕawen 5666: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5649: 5646:tqiyya/ytqiyya 5643: 5640: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5618: 5617: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5579: 5578: 5575: 5572:twerra/ytwerra 5569: 5566: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5537:ttfekk/yttfokk 5534: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5521: 5514: 5513: 5510:ttʃedd/yttʃedd 5507: 5504: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5486:ttensa/yttensa 5479: 5476: 5473: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5432: 5429: 5419: 5416: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5380:Fiyyit, Fiyya 5378: 5375:biyyen/ybiyyen 5372: 5366: 5359: 5358: 5352: 5349: 5348:Fuwwit, Fuwwa 5346: 5343:xuwwef/yxuwwef 5340: 5334: 5327: 5326: 5323: 5317: 5314: 5313:FeMMit, FeMMa 5311: 5308:beddel/ybeddel 5305: 5299: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5241: 5238: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5203: 5200: 5194: 5191: 5181: 5174: 5173: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4976: 4969: 4964: 4958: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4931: 4922: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4901: 4892: 4887: 4878: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4844: 4835: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4810: 4801: 4796: 4787: 4778: 4773: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4740: 4731: 4726: 4717: 4708: 4703: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4661: 4650: 4643: 4636: 4629: 4622: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4602: 4599: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4571: 4568:iḥmáṛṛ/yiḥmáṛṛ 4563: 4547: 4478:ketteb/yketteb 4377: 4374: 4373: 4372: 4301: 4300: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4260:"nothing" and 4250: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4227: 4226: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4159: 4158: 4147: 4116:Main article: 4113: 4110: 4060:instead (e.g. 4041: 4038: 3882:I am writing: 3872: 3869: 3827:She/it wrote: 3789: 3786: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3730:bch-hal hada? 3728: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3714:فين الطواليط؟ 3712: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3649:شحال فالساعة؟ 3647: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3520:/ fayn mašya? 3514: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3493: 3490: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3445: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3422:šukran bezzaf 3420: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3308: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3030:/dˤlˤrˤsˤtˤzˤ/ 3023: 3014: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2845:following the 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2366: 2364: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2316:"babble", and 2266: 2263: 2238:Following the 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2200:Kenza El Ghali 2104:Hebrew script. 2090:nature of the 2065: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2049: 2024:"two" vs. MSA 2016:"sun" vs. MSA 1986: 1961:"he sat" (MSA 1939: 1892: 1860: 1849: 1823: 1788: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1730: 1723: 1716: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1632: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1568: 1559: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1505: 1496: 1489: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1459: 1456: 1449: 1442: 1435: 1428: 1420: 1419: 1412: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1392: 1385: 1378: 1375: 1366: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1299: 1294: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1241: 1229: 1226: 1100:/aː/,/iː/,/uː/ 947: 946: 939: 937: 931: 930: 928: 926: 924: 918: 917: 910: 903: 896: 889: 883: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 856: 855: 852: 849: 835: 832: 829: 828: 779: 777: 770: 764: 761: 760: 759: 752:Western Sahara 745: 742: 724: 685:'Aroubi Arabic 659: 656: 655: 654: 647:Judeo-Moroccan 644: 633: 626:Jebli dialects 623: 568:Urban dialects 553:phases of the 538: 535: 499: 496: 340: 339: 326:, you may see 312: 311: 307: 306: 298: 297: 290: 282: 281: 274: 266: 265: 264:Language codes 261: 260: 255: 251:Writing system 248: 245: 244: 243: 242: 240:Judeo-Moroccan 237: 232: 227: 220: 216: 215: 213: 212: 211: 210: 209: 208: 207: 206: 205: 204: 203: 202: 168: 166: 159: 156: 155: 142: 138: 137: 124: 120: 119: 114: 113:Native to 110: 109: 102: 98: 97: 89: 88: 84: 83: 73: 72: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14638: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14613: 14611: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14578: 14574: 14571: 14567: 14564: 14563:African Latin 14560: 14559: 14558: 14555: 14550: 14546: 14545: 14544: 14541: 14536: 14532: 14531: 14530: 14527: 14526: 14524: 14520: 14507: 14503: 14502: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14487: 14485: 14483: 14479: 14473: 14470: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14454: 14452: 14450: 14446: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14431: 14429: 14427: 14423: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14404: 14402: 14400: 14396: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14371: 14369: 14367: 14363: 14354: 14350: 14347: 14343: 14340: 14336: 14333: 14329: 14326: 14322: 14319: 14315: 14314: 14313: 14310: 14305: 14301: 14298: 14294: 14293: 14291: 14290: 14288: 14286: 14282: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14247: 14245: 14243: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14230: 14217: 14213: 14210: 14206: 14203: 14199: 14196: 14192: 14191: 14190: 14187: 14182: 14178: 14175: 14171: 14168: 14164: 14161: 14157: 14156: 14155: 14154:Central Hilal 14152: 14147: 14143: 14142: 14141: 14140:Eastern Hilal 14138: 14133: 14129: 14128: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14119: 14115: 14106: 14102: 14099: 14098:Tripolitanian 14095: 14092: 14088: 14087: 14086: 14083: 14078: 14074: 14071: 14070:Traras-Msirda 14067: 14066: 14065: 14062: 14057: 14053: 14050: 14046: 14043: 14039: 14038: 14037: 14034: 14029: 14025: 14024: 14023: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14015: 14011: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13991: 13989: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13976: 13973: 13969: 13965: 13957: 13952: 13950: 13945: 13943: 13938: 13937: 13934: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13915: 13910: 13908: 13907: 13903: 13901: 13900: 13896: 13894: 13893: 13889: 13888: 13885: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13866: 13862: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13840: 13838: 13834: 13820: 13819:African Latin 13817: 13816: 13814: 13810: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13790: 13788: 13786: 13782: 13779: 13777: 13773: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13744: 13742: 13740: 13736: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13704:Central Atlas 13702: 13701: 13699: 13697: 13693: 13690: 13688: 13684: 13674: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13664: 13658: 13655: 13653: 13650: 13648: 13645: 13644: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13617: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13595: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13580: 13578: 13576: 13572: 13568: 13561: 13556: 13554: 13549: 13547: 13542: 13541: 13538: 13526: 13518: 13515: 13511: 13509: 13505: 13502: 13501: 13498: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13484: 13478: 13475: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13463: 13460: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13448: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13425: 13423: 13419: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13397:Sini (script) 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13387:Ruqʿah script 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13353: 13350: 13348: 13345: 13343: 13340: 13338: 13335: 13333: 13332:Hijazi script 13330: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13317: 13315: 13310: 13306: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13289: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13265: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13247: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13240: 13236: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13221: 13219: 13215: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13180: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13158: 13154: 13153: 13151: 13149: 13144: 13140: 13131: 13128: 13125: 13122: 13121: 13120: 13117: 13112: 13111: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13097: 13094: 13093: 13092: 13089: 13085: 13082: 13081: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13066: 13064: 13062: 13058: 13052: 13049: 13048: 13046: 13044: 13040: 13034: 13033: 13029: 13025: 13022: 13019: 13016: 13013: 13012: 13011: 13010:Central Asian 13008: 13007: 13005: 13001: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12982:Taʽizzi-Adeni 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12969: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12927: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12902: 12900: 12898: 12894: 12882: 12879: 12878: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12854: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12825: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12812: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12789: 12785: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12768: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12749: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12736: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12716: 12714: 12710: 12696: 12693: 12692: 12691: 12688: 12687: 12685: 12681: 12678: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12665: 12664: 12661: 12657: 12654: 12653: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12643: 12641: 12637: 12634: 12633: 12631: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12612: 12609: 12608: 12606: 12605: 12603: 12601: 12597: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12579: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12566: 12563: 12561:Traras-Msirda 12560: 12559: 12557: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12541: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12534: 12532: 12527: 12524: 12523: 12522: 12519: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12484: 12483: 12480: 12479: 12478: 12477: 12473: 12471: 12470: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12448: 12445: 12439: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12424: 12422: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12407: 12405: 12404: 12400: 12398: 12397: 12393: 12391: 12390: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12379: 12378: 12376: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12363: 12357: 12355: 12350: 12348: 12346: 12341: 12339: 12337: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12323: 12321: 12319: 12314: 12312: 12310: 12305: 12303: 12301: 12296: 12294: 12292: 12287: 12285: 12283: 12278: 12276: 12274: 12269: 12267: 12265: 12260: 12257: 12256: 12251: 12249: 12247: 12242: 12239: 12238: 12233: 12231: 12229: 12224: 12222: 12220: 12215: 12213: 12211: 12206: 12204: 12202: 12197: 12195: 12193: 12188: 12185: 12184: 12179: 12177: 12175: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12161: 12159: 12157: 12152: 12150: 12148: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12134: 12132: 12130: 12125: 12123: 12121: 12116: 12114: 12112: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12100: 12094: 12091: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12055: 12054: 12049: 12048: 12047: 12044: 12042: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 12001:Arabic script 11999: 11997: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11985: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11962: 11959: 11958: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11948: 11946: 11942: 11937: 11930: 11925: 11923: 11918: 11916: 11911: 11910: 11907: 11901: 11898: 11896: 11893: 11891: 11888: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11872: 11863: 11859: 11856: 11852: 11849: 11845: 11842: 11838: 11835: 11831: 11828: 11824: 11821: 11817: 11814: 11810: 11807: 11803: 11800: 11796: 11793: 11789: 11785: 11782: 11778: 11775: 11771: 11768: 11764: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11750: 11746: 11743: 11739: 11738: 11726: 11722: 11716: 11708: 11704: 11698: 11690: 11686: 11680: 11664: 11658: 11642: 11636: 11620: 11616: 11610: 11595: 11591: 11587: 11583: 11576: 11569: 11561: 11560: 11552: 11537: 11533: 11527: 11519: 11512: 11501: 11500: 11492: 11484: 11478: 11474: 11473: 11465: 11457: 11450: 11448: 11439: 11437:9780387239804 11433: 11429: 11428: 11420: 11404: 11398: 11390: 11386: 11380: 11369: 11362: 11356: 11348: 11344: 11340: 11334: 11330: 11326: 11322: 11321: 11313: 11311: 11309: 11307: 11297: 11290: 11286: 11283: 11280:M. El Himer, 11277: 11270: 11264: 11255: 11240: 11239:glottolog.org 11236: 11230: 11223: 11222:2-222-04574-6 11219: 11213: 11204: 11202: 11194: 11187: 11180: 11176: 11173: 11167: 11165: 11163: 11153: 11151: 11149: 11141: 11137: 11134: 11128: 11126: 11118: 11117: 11110: 11102: 11096: 11081: 11077: 11070: 11062: 11060:9780932098078 11056: 11052: 11051: 11043: 11035: 11029: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11007: 11003: 10999: 10991: 10989: 10980: 10974: 10970: 10969: 10961: 10953: 10947: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10927: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10912:Fessi dialect 10910: 10908: 10907:Libyan Arabic 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10879: 10873: 10870: 10865: 10863: 10859: 10855: 10854: 10849: 10845: 10844: 10839: 10835: 10825: 10816: 10803:"Ta'arurut", 10796: 10792: 10791:Ahmed Lemsyeh 10788: 10784: 10782: 10777: 10775: 10771: 10767: 10766:Years of Lead 10763: 10758: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10734: 10732: 10728: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10665: 10661: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10640: 10638: 10634: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10621:Arab identity 10618: 10614: 10613:technological 10610: 10609:lingua franca 10597: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10550: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10509: 10506: 10501: 10497: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10471: 10470: 10467: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10425: 10419: 10417: 10408: 10404: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10367: 10363: 10361: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10344: 10341: 10338: 10335: 10332: 10329: 10326: 10323: 10320: 10316: 10296: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10267: 10264: 10260: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10245: 10242: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10225: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10207: 10203: 10190: 10186: 10182: 10179: 10176: 10172: 10168: 10166: 10162: 10158: 10155: 10151: 10147: 10143: 10140: 10136: 10135: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10124: 10122: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10106: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10074: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10033: 10030: 10025: 10021: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9995: 9994: 9991: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9949: 9943: 9941: 9932: 9928: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9868: 9865: 9862: 9859: 9856: 9853: 9850: 9847: 9844: 9840: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9805: 9803: 9793: 9791: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9772: 9769: 9767: 9764: 9759: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9718: 9715: 9710: 9706: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9680: 9679: 9676: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9628: 9626: 9617: 9613: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9556: 9553: 9550: 9547: 9544: 9541: 9538: 9535: 9532: 9529: 9525: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9492: 9486: 9484: 9480: 9472: 9469: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9433: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9392: 9389: 9384: 9380: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9354: 9353: 9350: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9302: 9300: 9291: 9287: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9230: 9227: 9224: 9221: 9218: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9199: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9164: 9162: 9158: 9145: 9142: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9113: 9110: 9106: 9103: 9100:Form IIa(V): 9099: 9096: 9092: 9090:"treat, cure" 9089: 9085: 9081: 9078: 9074: 9070: 9069: 9068: 9062: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9054: 9048: 9044: 9041: 9038: 9037: 9036: 9034: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8961: 8958: 8953: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8939: 8934: 8933: 8927: 8922: 8921: 8915: 8910: 8909: 8903: 8898: 8897: 8891: 8886: 8878: 8874: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8820: 8817: 8814: 8811: 8808: 8805: 8802: 8799: 8796: 8792: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8701: 8697: 8693: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8653: 8648: 8647: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8634: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8621: 8614: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8591: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8548: 8545: 8544: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8518: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8505: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8485: 8483: 8474: 8470: 8465: 8464: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8451: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8401: 8398: 8395: 8392: 8389: 8386: 8383: 8380: 8377: 8373: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8338: 8326: 8324: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8292: 8291: 8286: 8285:ɣa-y-ttxelʕ-u 8281: 8278: 8276: 8275:ka-y-ttxelʕ-u 8271: 8268: 8266: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8251: 8248: 8243: 8239: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8207: 8202: 8201: 8198: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8179: 8177: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8161: 8159: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8144: 8142: 8138: 8136: 8131: 8123: 8119: 8114: 8112: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8031: 8028: 8025: 8022: 8019: 8015: 7995: 7992: 7991:"get scared" 7990: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7938: 7937: 7932: 7931:ɣa-y-sˤafrˤ-u 7927: 7924: 7922: 7921:ka-y-sˤafrˤ-u 7917: 7914: 7912: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7897: 7894: 7889: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7876:ɣa-t-sˤafrˤ-i 7874: 7872: 7871:ka-t-sˤafrˤ-i 7869: 7867: 7864: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7844:ɣa-t-sˤafrˤ-u 7840: 7837: 7835: 7834:ka-t-sˤafrˤ-u 7830: 7827: 7825: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7810: 7802: 7798: 7793: 7792:ɣa-n-sˤafrˤ-u 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7782:ka-n-sˤafrˤ-u 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7716: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7678: 7677: 7672: 7671: 7667:differs from 7666: 7665: 7660: 7659: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7637: 7635: 7630: 7628: 7626: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7609: 7604: 7603: 7598: 7596: 7589: 7587: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7571: 7569: 7564: 7562: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7551: 7545: 7542: 7537: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7497: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7472: 7470: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7454: 7452: 7447: 7445: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7430: 7422: 7418: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7336: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7265: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7253: 7248: 7246: 7241: 7240: 7235: 7233: 7228: 7227: 7222: 7220: 7215: 7212: 7207: 7203: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7177: 7176: 7173: 7168: 7167: 7163: 7161: 7156: 7155: 7150: 7148: 7143: 7142: 7137: 7135: 7130: 7129: 7124: 7122: 7117: 7109: 7105: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7014: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6976: 6972: 6969: 6965: 6962: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6950: 6947: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6932: 6929: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6916: 6914: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6882: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6841: 6838: 6833: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6803: 6802: 6799: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6784: 6782: 6777: 6775: 6770: 6768: 6763: 6761: 6756: 6754: 6750: 6748: 6743: 6735: 6731: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6645: 6642: 6638: 6618: 6615: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6573: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6557: 6556: 6552: 6549: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6519: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6511: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6391: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6331: 6323: 6319: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6234: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6189:"be pedaled" 6188: 6185:"be dodged", 6184: 6180: 6177: 6174: 6171: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6112: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6083: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6069: 6066: 6063: 6060: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5944: 5941: 5938: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5925: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5911: 5908: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5895: 5892:"translate", 5891: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5866: 5863:"ridicule", 5862: 5859: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5846: 5843: 5840: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5676: 5673: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5644: 5641: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5619: 5615: 5613: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5526:"be entered" 5525: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5484:"be thrown", 5483: 5480: 5477: 5474: 5472:"be written" 5471: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5428:"make level" 5427: 5423: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5389:"make vomit" 5388: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5333: 5329: 5328: 5321: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5284: 5282: 5276: 5274: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5255: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5215:FoMMit, FoMM 5214: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5159:FeMMit, FeMM 5158: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5108: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5045: 5038: 5034: 5029: 4989: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4951: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4918: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4897: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4863: 4855: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4831: 4827: 4822: 4821: 4818: 4817: 4806: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4772: 4771: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4736: 4732: 4730: 4722: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4658: 4655: 4616: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4595: 4583: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4564: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4383: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4268:as a suffix: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4235: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4148: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4071: 4070:ġadi t-ketb-u 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3946:and the stem 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3897: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3871:Present tense 3868: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3823: 3820:He/it wrote: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3778: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3749:Good evening. 3747: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3499:/ min ntiya? 3494: 3492:mnayn ntina? 3491: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3446: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3358: 3357: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3328:كل شي مزيان؟ 3327: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3288:How are you? 3287: 3286: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3263:السلام عليكم 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3206:تصبح على خير 3205: 3202: 3200:تصبح على خير 3199: 3196: 3195: 3186:Good morning 3185: 3184: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3083:How are you? 3082: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606:: lady, madam 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2408: 2405: 2397: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2367:This section 2365: 2356: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240:Arab conquest 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223:, as well as 2222: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2175:Hicham Nostik 2171: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2148:literary work 2145: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2096:Moroccan Jews 2093: 2089: 2081: 2080:Hebrew script 2077: 2076: 2070: 2050: 1987: 1984: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1909: 1893: 1889: 1861: 1855:and emphatic 1850: 1837: 1829: 1824: 1789: 1780: 1762: 1755:Non-emphatic 1754: 1753: 1752: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1238: 1235: 1225: 1214: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1139: 1131: 1123: 1115: 1109: 1076: 1029: 1018: 1017:labialization 990: 944: 938: 936: 933: 929: 927: 925: 923: 920: 919: 915: 911: 908: 904: 901: 897: 894: 888: 885: 884: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 857: 847: 844: 842: 825: 822: 814: 804: 800: 796: 790: 789: 785: 780:This section 778: 774: 769: 768: 757: 753: 749: 746: 743: 740: 736: 732: 728: 725: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 683: 682: 681: 679: 674: 672: 668: 664: 652: 651:Moroccan Jews 648: 645: 642: 638: 634: 631: 627: 624: 621: 617: 613: 612:Ksar el-Kebir 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 566: 565: 564: 562: 561: 556: 552: 543: 534: 532: 528: 520: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 458: 454: 450: 446: 443: 439: 435: 431: 415: 395: 389: 380: 376: 369: 364: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 319: 313: 304: 299: 295: 291: 289: 288: 283: 279: 275: 272: 267: 262: 259: 256: 252: 246: 241: 238: 236: 235:Fessi dialect 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 221: 217: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 192: 191: 188: 187: 186: 183: 182: 181: 178: 177: 176: 173: 172: 171: 167: 163: 157: 151: 146: 143: 139: 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 118: 115: 111: 107: 103: 101:Pronunciation 99: 90: 85: 80: 77: 69: 59: 55: 50: 46: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 14529:Proto-Berber 14426:Nilo-Saharan 14399:Southwestern 14292:Non-Zenatic 14208: 14132:Libyan koiné 14014:Pre-Hilalian 13920: 13911: 13904: 13897: 13890: 13714:Judeo-Berber 13672: 13616:Pre-Hilalian 13503: 13443:Windows-1256 13402:Taliq script 13342:Jeli Thuluth 13322:Ajami script 13286: 13190:Pidgin madam 13177: 13155: 13119:Judeo-Yemeni 13061:Judeo-Arabic 13043:Sociological 13030: 12992:Judeo-Yemeni 12815:Mesopotamian 12690:Libyan koiné 12662: 12474: 12467: 12460:Pre-Hilalian 12408: 12401: 12394: 12387: 12382:Proto-Arabic 12380: 12015:Zabūr script 11968:Romanization 11861: 11854: 11847: 11840: 11833: 11826: 11819: 11812: 11805: 11798: 11791: 11780: 11773: 11766: 11759: 11748: 11741: 11735:Bibliography 11724: 11715: 11707:lavieeco.com 11706: 11697: 11689:Medias24.com 11688: 11679: 11667:. Retrieved 11657: 11647:25 September 11645:. Retrieved 11635: 11623:. Retrieved 11619:the original 11609: 11597:. Retrieved 11585: 11581: 11568: 11558: 11551: 11539:. Retrieved 11535: 11526: 11511: 11498: 11491: 11471: 11464: 11458:(in French). 11426: 11419: 11407:. Retrieved 11397: 11389:the original 11379: 11368:the original 11355: 11319: 11296: 11276: 11263: 11254: 11244:27 September 11242:. Retrieved 11238: 11229: 11212: 11186: 11114: 11109: 11095: 11083:. Retrieved 11079: 11069: 11049: 11042: 10997: 10967: 10960: 10943: 10868: 10866: 10853:Khbar Bladna 10851: 10841: 10831: 10822: 10785: 10778: 10759: 10750: 10740: 10680: 10672: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10655: 10651: 10641: 10606: 10596:Salma Rachid 10571: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10423: 10422: 10415: 10414: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10365: 10364: 10357: 10356: 10288: 10285:wakel, waxed 10284: 10280: 10276: 10275:) "eat" and 10272: 10268: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10250: 10246: 10240: 10236: 10232: 10228: 10223: 10213: 10209: 10206:quwwa/yquwwi 10205: 10201: 10199: 10188: 10184: 10175:htemm/yhtemm 10174: 10170: 10164: 10160: 10154:sˤaff/ysˤaff 10153: 10149: 10145: 10138: 10132: 10127: 10125: 10120: 10116: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10102: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9947: 9946: 9939: 9938: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9889: 9888: 9881: 9880: 9813: 9811: 9801: 9799: 9789: 9787: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9632: 9631: 9624: 9623: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9574: 9573: 9566: 9565: 9498: 9496: 9490: 9482: 9478: 9476: 9463: 9461: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9306: 9305: 9298: 9297: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9248: 9247: 9240: 9239: 9172: 9170: 9161:ʒaweb/yʒaweb 9160: 9156: 9154: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9128:"ridicule", 9125: 9121: 9108: 9101: 9094: 9087: 9084:qadˤa/yqadˤi 9083: 9079:"strengthen" 9077:qewwa/yqewwi 9076: 9073:wedda/yweddi 9072: 9066: 9052: 9046: 9042: 9032: 9030: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8926:ɣa-te-rˤmi-w 8925: 8919: 8918: 8914:ka-te-rˤmi-w 8913: 8907: 8906: 8901: 8895: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8868:ɣa-ne-rˤmi-w 8867: 8862: 8858:ka-ne-rˤmi-w 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8765: 8763: 8750: 8746: 8739: 8735: 8728: 8724: 8714: 8710: 8706: 8699: 8695: 8687: 8685: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8662: 8660: 8645: 8643: 8638: 8632: 8630: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8612: 8605: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8581: 8579: 8573: 8571: 8565: 8563: 8557: 8555: 8542: 8540: 8535: 8529: 8527: 8522: 8516: 8514: 8509: 8503: 8501: 8496: 8489: 8488: 8481: 8480: 8462: 8460: 8455: 8449: 8447: 8442: 8436: 8434: 8429: 8422: 8421: 8414: 8413: 8346: 8344: 8336: 8322: 8320: 8313: 8311: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8284: 8280:ɣa-y-ttexleʕ 8279: 8274: 8270:ka-y-ttexleʕ 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8234: 8227: 8225: 8218: 8216: 8209: 8208: 8196: 8191: 8184: 8182: 8175: 8173: 8166: 8164: 8157: 8155: 8148: 8147: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8110: 8108: 8101: 8099: 8092: 8090: 8083: 8081: 8074: 8073: 8066: 8065: 8060: 8055: 7988: 7986: 7968: 7966: 7960:ɣa-t-sˤaferˤ 7959: 7955:ka-t-sˤaferˤ 7954: 7949: 7944: 7930: 7926:ɣa-y-sˤaferˤ 7925: 7920: 7916:ka-y-sˤaferˤ 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7839:ɣa-t-sˤaferˤ 7838: 7833: 7829:ka-t-sˤaferˤ 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7791: 7787:ɣa-n-sˤaferˤ 7786: 7781: 7777:ka-n-sˤaferˤ 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7689: 7687: 7675: 7674: 7669: 7668: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7656: 7644: 7642: 7633: 7631: 7624: 7622: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7594: 7592: 7585: 7583: 7576: 7574: 7567: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7527: 7526: 7519: 7517: 7510: 7508: 7503: 7490: 7489: 7484: 7477: 7475: 7468: 7466: 7459: 7457: 7450: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7412:ɣa-n-beddl-u 7411: 7406: 7402:ka-n-beddl-u 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7309: 7307: 7294: 7292: 7286: 7284: 7278: 7276: 7271: 7258:ɣa-y-xerˤʒ-u 7257: 7251: 7249: 7245:ka-y-xerˤʒ-u 7244: 7238: 7236: 7231: 7225: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7198: 7194:ɣa-t-xerˤʒ-i 7193: 7189:ka-t-xerˤʒ-i 7188: 7183: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7160:ɣa-t-xerˤʒ-u 7159: 7153: 7151: 7147:ka-t-xerˤʒ-u 7146: 7140: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7099:ɣa-n-xerˤʒ-u 7098: 7092: 7090: 7086:ka-n-xerˤʒ-u 7085: 7079: 7077: 7072: 7066: 7064: 7059: 7054: 6988:xrˤeʒ/yxrˤoʒ 6987: 6985: 6974: 6967: 6960: 6954: 6945: 6936: 6923: 6921: 6912: 6910: 6903: 6901: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6780: 6778: 6773: 6766: 6764: 6759: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6724: 6717: 6715: 6710: 6703: 6701: 6696: 6689: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6613: 6601: 6596: 6586: 6581: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6553:Verbal Noun 6535: 6533: 6521: 6509: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6484: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6448: 6446: 6441: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6393: 6392: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6207: 6205: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6166: 6162: 6157: 6151: 6143:trula/ytruli 6142: 6133:"be locked" 6130: 6126: 6121: 6115: 6107:ttira/yttiri 6106: 6094: 6090: 6085: 6079: 6067: 6055: 6051: 6046: 6040: 6028: 6025:fanta/yfanti 6024: 6020: 6008: 6004: 5999: 5993: 5984: 5978:FuTit, FuTa 5973:suret/ysuret 5972: 5969:suger/ysuger 5968: 5963: 5957: 5948: 5942:FiTit, FiTa 5937:ritel/yritel 5936: 5932: 5927: 5921: 5909: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5884: 5878: 5864: 5860: 5847: 5832: 5820: 5815: 5809: 5794: 5791:ħmarˤ/yħmarˤ 5790: 5774:htemm/yhtemm 5773: 5761: 5758:xtarˤ/yxtarˤ 5757: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5721: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5694: 5685:tħama/ytħama 5684: 5680: 5671:"cooperate" 5668: 5663: 5657: 5645: 5633: 5628: 5622: 5611: 5609: 5603: 5594: 5589: 5583: 5571: 5559: 5554: 5548: 5539:"get loose" 5536: 5524:ddxel/yddxol 5523: 5518: 5512:"be closed" 5509: 5498:ttbaʕ/yttbaʕ 5497: 5485: 5481: 5469: 5464: 5458: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5425: 5422:qadˤa/yqadˤi 5421: 5415:FaMit, FaMa 5409: 5404: 5398: 5387:qiyya/yqiyyi 5386: 5374: 5369: 5363: 5355:luwwa/yluwwi 5354: 5342: 5337: 5331: 5320:werra/ywerri 5319: 5307: 5302: 5296: 5280: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5264: 5247: 5243: 5234: 5221: 5209: 5205: 5196: 5187: 5183: 5178: 5172:"hand over" 5169: 5165: 5153: 5149: 5137: 5133: 5122:ʃrˤeb/yʃrˤeb 5121: 5117: 5112: 5106: 5036: 5032: 4952: 4949: 4934: 4933: 4927: 4919: 4906: 4895: 4894: 4881: 4880: 4874: 4866: 4856: 4840: 4829: 4828: 4815: 4804: 4803: 4790: 4789: 4783: 4775: 4769: 4761: 4745: 4734: 4733: 4720: 4719: 4713: 4705: 4699: 4691: 4617: 4613: 4592: 4578: 4574: 4567: 4559: 4554: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4482:kateb/ykateb 4481: 4477: 4473: 4454:derivational 4453: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4406:lexical verb 4403: 4379: 4369: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4302: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4251: 4228: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4160: 4153:"he writes" 4144:/ma-kteb-ʃi/ 4121: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4085:bġit te-kteb 4084: 4081:bġit ne-kteb 4080: 4079:is removed ( 4076: 4074: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4043: 4040:Other tenses 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3991: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3849:They wrote: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3826: 3821: 3819: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3798: 3793: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3773:Introduction 3756:msa lkheir. 3748: 3735: 3727:بشحال هادا؟ 3722: 3709: 3696: 3691:ma fhamtch. 3683: 3670: 3657: 3644: 3631: 3618: 3605: 3592: 3579: 3516:fayn machi? 3486:/ mnin nti? 3447:faš texdem? 3354:metšaṛṛfin 3334:كل شي مليح؟ 3249:sana saʿida 3076: 3070: 3064: 3041: 3033: 3025: 3016: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2857: 2832: 2821: 2816:ordinatūr/pc 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2706: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2400: 2391: 2368: 2347: 2341: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2268: 2252: 2237: 2218: 2197: 2193:Khbar Bladna 2178: 2172: 2167:Latin system 2152: 2139:campaign on 2130: 2125: 2120: 2109: 2085: 2073: 1750: 1233: 1215: 1160: 1077: 1030: 950: 839: 817: 811:October 2022 808: 793:Please help 781: 729:: spoken in 675: 661: 558: 548: 527:pre-Hilalian 524: 482: 413: 374: 373: 315: 285: 199: 180:West Semitic 170:Afro-Asiatic 76: 63: 54:You can help 44: 14449:Niger-Congo 14384:Tawellemmet 13812:Undescribed 13639:Hilal-Mâqil 13337:Jawi script 13309:Calligraphy 13238:Linguistics 13163:Gulf Pidgin 13079:Judeo-Iraqi 13020:Kashkadarya 12876:Judeo-Iraqi 12801:Palestinian 12712:Nile Valley 12374:Pre-Islamic 12086:Dagger alif 11195:is extinct. 11131:D. Caubet, 11101:"RGPH 2014" 10776:countries. 10685:, practice 10313:Imperative 10298:Tense/Mood 10067:ɣa-y-ħebb-u 10057:ka-y-ħebb-u 10012:ɣa-t-ħebb-i 10007:ka-t-ħebb-i 9980:ɣa-t-ħebb-u 9970:ka-t-ħebb-u 9922:ɣa-n-ħebb-u 9912:ka-n-ħebb-u 9837:Imperative 9822:Tense/Mood 9802:ɣabb/yiħebb 9522:Imperative 9507:Tense/Mood 9196:Imperative 9181:Tense/Mood 9075:"fulfill"; 8995:ɣa-y-rˤmi-w 8985:ka-y-rˤmi-w 8789:Imperative 8774:Tense/Mood 8370:Imperative 8355:Tense/Mood 8135:ttexleʕ-tiw 8012:Imperative 7997:Tense/Mood 7814:sˤaferˤ-tiw 7713:Imperative 7698:Tense/Mood 7407:ɣa-n-beddel 7397:ka-n-beddel 7333:Imperative 7318:Tense/Mood 7011:Imperative 6996:Tense/Mood 6875:ɣa-y-dekr-u 6865:ka-y-dekr-u 6820:ɣa-d-dekr-i 6815:ka-d-dekr-i 6788:ɣa-d-dekr-u 6774:ka-d-dekr-u 6725:ɣa-n-dekr-u 6711:ka-n-dekr-u 6635:Imperative 6620:Tense/Mood 6471:ɣa-y-ketb-u 6461:ka-y-ketb-u 6406:ɣa-t-ketb-i 6401:ka-t-ketb-i 6368:ɣa-t-ketb-u 6358:ka-t-ketb-u 6313:ɣa-n-ketb-u 6303:ka-n-ketb-u 6231:Imperative 6216:Tense/Mood 6093:"be sent", 6070:"be asked" 5735:"respect", 5699:ytFaM(e)M, 5574:"be shown" 5377:"indicate" 5345:"frighten" 5037:dˤaʕ/yidˤiʕ 4660:Tense/Mood 4410:subjunctive 4256:"nothing", 4231:/ma-...-ʃi/ 4151:/ka-j-kteb/ 4142:"he wrote" 4124:/ma-...-ʃi/ 4068:(north) or 3985:instead of 3934:turns into 3926:ka-y-ketb-u 3920:ka-t-ketb-u 3914:ka-n-ketb-u 3896:ka-t-ketb-i 3859:turns into 3805:You wrote: 3753:.مسا الخير 3593:Yes please. 3518:(masculine) 3513:fin ġhadi? 3497:(masculine) 3495:min ntaya? 3484:(masculine) 3449:(masculine) 3438:(masculine) 3419:شكراً بزاف 3402:تهلا فراسك 3396:تهلا فراسك 3302:(masculine) 3197:Good night 3026:ḍ ḷ ṛ ṣ ṭ ẓ 2837:brought by 2696:: hard work 2612:: tasteless 2465:bagra/baqra 2289:loanwords. 2248:Arabisation 2150:in Darija. 1953:(sometimes 1936:Chefchaouen 1761:affrication 1701:Approximant 1205:"student" ( 1195:/dˤrb-at-u/ 841:Monophthong 596:Chefchaouen 551:Arabization 330:instead of 14610:Categories 14543:Phoenician 14522:Historical 13971:Vernacular 13224:Literature 12897:Peninsular 12837:Khuzestani 12567:(Mountain) 12487:Australian 12396:Old Arabic 12046:Diacritics 11973:Numerology 11020:1226918654 10945:Ethnologue 10923:References 10834:newspapers 10828:Newspapers 10812:سعد البلدة 10806:عكاز الريح 10751:al-Mala'ba 10737:Literature 10543:ɣa-ya-kl-u 10533:ka-ya-kl-u 10488:ɣa-ta-kl-i 10483:ka-ta-kl-i 10456:ɣa-ta-kl-u 10446:ka-ta-kl-u 10398:ɣa-na-kl-u 10388:ka-na-kl-u 10210:dawa/ydawi 10191:"exploit". 10185:ħebb/yħebb 10171:ħebb/yħebb 10161:ħebb/yħebb 10146:ħebb/yħebb 10128:koħħ/ykoħħ 9814:ħebb/yħebb 9752:ɣa-y-ʃuf-u 9742:ka-y-ʃuf-u 9697:ɣa-t-ʃuf-i 9692:ka-t-ʃuf-i 9665:ɣa-t-ʃuf-u 9655:ka-t-ʃuf-u 9607:ɣa-n-ʃuf-u 9597:ka-n-ʃuf-u 9426:ɣa-y-biʕ-u 9416:ka-y-biʕ-u 9371:ɣa-t-biʕ-i 9366:ka-t-biʕ-i 9339:ɣa-t-biʕ-u 9329:ka-t-biʕ-u 9281:ɣa-n-biʕ-u 9271:ka-n-biʕ-u 9088:dawa/ydawi 9086:"finish"; 9082:Form III: 9067:Examples: 9024:ɣa-te-rˤmi 9019:ka-te-rˤmi 8920:ɣa-te-rˤmi 8908:ka-te-rˤmi 8863:ɣa-ne-rˤmi 8853:ka-ne-rˤmi 8766:rˤma/yrˤmi 8265:y-ttxelʕ-u 8130:ttexleʕ-ti 8061:ttexleʕ-na 7911:y-sˤafrˤ-u 7866:t-sˤafrˤ-i 7824:t-sˤafrˤ-u 7772:n-sˤafrˤ-u 7762:sˤaferˤ-na 7434:beddel-tiw 6955:Examples: 6946:optionally 6924:kteb/ykteb 6558:Masc. Sg. 6536:kteb/ykteb 6503:ɣa-te-kteb 6498:ka-te-kteb 6363:ɣa-te-kteb 6353:ka-te-kteb 6308:ɣa-ne-kteb 6298:ka-ne-kteb 6208:kteb/ykteb 6156:ytFiSTeL, 6109:"be shot" 6045:ytFeSTeL, 6005:birˤʒez??? 5985:rula/yruli 5971:"insure", 5949:tira/ytiri 5939:"pillage" 5850:"exploit" 5814:ysteFMeL, 5795:sman/ysman 5762:ħtaʒ/yħtaʒ 5760:"choose", 5627:ytFiyyeL, 5588:ytFuwweL, 5553:ytFeMMeL, 5517:ytteFMoL, 5500:"be sold" 5463:ytteFMeL, 5440:yFaM(e)M, 5426:sawa/ysawi 5261:FoLt, FaL 5222:koħħ/ykoħħ 5188:sken/yskon 5184:dxel/ydxol 5170:medd/ymedd 5166:ʃedd/yʃedd 5143:FeLt, FaL 5134:rˤma/yrˤmi 5127:FMit, FMa 5118:kteb/ykteb 4474:kteb/ykteb 4427:kteb/ykteb 4419:infinitive 4414:imperative 4355:ta-ne-kteb 4324:ka-de-kteb 4303:Note that 4173:"not" and 4163:ne ... pas 4132:/ma-...-ʃ/ 4066:ġad-ketb-u 4062:ġa-ne-kteb 4002:ta-ne-kteb 3963:ka-de-kteb 3908:ka-te-kteb 3902:ka-ye-kteb 3890:ka-te-kteb 3884:ka-ne-kteb 3833:We wrote: 3788:Past tense 3688:.ما فهمتش 3626:shoukran. 3619:Thank you. 3597:.وخا شكرا 3522:(feminine) 3510:فين غادي؟ 3501:(feminine) 3488:(feminine) 3482:mnin nta? 3479:منين نتا؟ 3453:(feminine) 3442:(feminine) 3393:Take care 3365:la šukran 3359:No thanks 3310:kif ntin? 3306:(feminine) 3246:سنة سعيدة 3175:Good luck 3170:smaḥ-liya 3164:smaḥ-liya 3152:Excuse me 3038:affricated 2732:: radio , 2594:: carrots 2378:improve it 2233:substratum 2215:Substrates 2210:Vocabulary 2034:/zudʒaːdʒ/ 1971:/dʒazzaːr/ 1908:Casablanca 1273:Pharyngeal 1228:Consonants 1189:"stairs" ( 1187:/dˤrˤʒ-at/ 1179:/tˤʃaʃ-at/ 1102:appear as 1043:and allow 756:Mauritania 671:Banu Hilal 533:dialects. 462:Casablanca 434:vernacular 428:), is the 14407:Tetserret 14216:Hassānīya 13994:Classical 13709:Tashelhit 13657:Hassaniya 13514:varieties 13506:indicate 13421:Technical 13392:Shahmukhi 13347:Kairouani 13245:Phonology 13024:Khorasani 13014:Bakhtiari 12866:Anatolian 12796:Jordanian 12776:Damascene 12739:Levantine 12651:Hassaniya 12492:Cottenera 12427:Classical 12366:Varieties 11944:Overviews 11536:utalk.com 11347:213996367 11028:cite book 10838:education 10781:rap music 10611:, mainly 10603:Evolution 10572:ɣa-ta-kol 10567:ka-ta-kol 10538:ɣa-ya-kol 10528:ka-ya-kol 10503:masculine 10451:ɣa-ta-kol 10441:ka-ta-kol 10410:masculine 10393:ɣa-na-kol 10383:ka-na-kol 10345:Singular 10339:Singular 10333:Singular 10327:Singular 10321:Singular 10281:xad/yaxod 10277:xda/yaxod 10273:kal/yakol 10269:kla/yakol 10214:walā/yalī 10130:"cough". 10096:ɣa-t-ħebb 10091:ka-t-ħebb 10062:ɣa-y-ħebb 10052:ka-y-ħebb 10027:masculine 9975:ɣa-t-ħebb 9965:ka-t-ħebb 9934:masculine 9917:ɣa-n-ħebb 9907:ka-n-ħebb 9869:Singular 9863:Singular 9857:Singular 9851:Singular 9845:Singular 9812:Example: 9712:masculine 9619:masculine 9554:Singular 9548:Singular 9542:Singular 9536:Singular 9530:Singular 9497:Example: 9386:masculine 9293:masculine 9228:Singular 9222:Singular 9216:Singular 9210:Singular 9204:Singular 9171:Example: 9132:"enjoy", 9071:Form II: 8990:ɣa-y-rˤmi 8980:ka-y-rˤmi 8955:masculine 8902:te-rˤmi-w 8880:masculine 8848:ne-rˤmi-w 8821:Singular 8815:Singular 8809:Singular 8803:Singular 8797:Singular 8764:Example: 8679:ɣa-te-nsa 8674:ka-te-nsa 8593:masculine 8572:ɣa-te-nsa 8564:ka-te-nsa 8528:ɣa-te-nsa 8523:ɣa-te-nsa 8515:ka-te-nsa 8510:ka-te-nsa 8476:masculine 8461:ɣa-ne-nsa 8456:ɣa-ne-nsa 8448:ka-ne-nsa 8443:ka-ne-nsa 8402:Singular 8396:Singular 8390:Singular 8384:Singular 8378:Singular 8349:"forget" 8345:Example: 8299:ttxelʕ-et 8260:y-ttexleʕ 8245:masculine 8125:masculine 8056:ttexleʕ-t 8044:Singular 8038:Singular 8032:Singular 8026:Singular 8020:Singular 7987:Example: 7950:t-sˤaferˤ 7945:sˤafrˤ-et 7906:y-sˤaferˤ 7891:masculine 7819:t-sˤaferˤ 7809:sˤaferˤ-t 7804:masculine 7767:n-sˤaferˤ 7757:sˤaferˤ-t 7745:Singular 7739:Singular 7733:Singular 7727:Singular 7721:Singular 7692:"travel" 7688:Example: 7658:beddel-et 7561:y-beddl-u 7539:masculine 7504:t-beddl-i 7444:t-beddl-u 7429:beddel-ti 7424:masculine 7392:n-beddl-u 7382:beddel-na 7365:Singular 7359:Singular 7353:Singular 7347:Singular 7341:Singular 7312:"change" 7308:Example: 7232:y-xerˤʒ-u 7209:masculine 7184:t-xerˤʒ-i 7134:t-xerˤʒ-u 7121:xrˤeʒ-tiw 7111:masculine 7073:n-xerˤʒ-u 7043:Singular 7037:Singular 7031:Singular 7025:Singular 7019:Singular 6990:"go out" 6986:Example: 6870:ɣa-y-dker 6860:ka-y-dker 6835:masculine 6737:masculine 6667:Singular 6661:Singular 6655:Singular 6649:Singular 6643:Singular 6602:mektub-in 6578:Fem. Sg. 6534:Example: 6466:ɣa-y-kteb 6456:ka-y-kteb 6424:masculine 6325:masculine 6263:Singular 6257:Singular 6251:Singular 6245:Singular 6239:Singular 6206:Example: 6175:ytF...Ta 6150:tFiSTeL; 6120:ytFuTeL, 6084:ytFiTeL, 6039:tFeSTeL; 6036:Iqa(IIq) 6009:biznes??? 5998:yFiSTeL, 5883:yFeSTeL, 5867:"resign" 5835:"invite" 5808:steFMeL; 5739:"invent" 5726:yFtaMeL, 5662:ytFaMeL, 5653:IIIa(VI) 5621:tFiyyeL; 5582:tFuwweL; 5547:tFeMMeL; 5457:tteFMeL; 5454:Ia(VIIt) 5412:"travel" 5368:yFiyyeL, 5336:yFuwweL, 5310:"change" 5301:yFeMMeL, 5246:"sleep", 5199:"forget" 5190:"reside" 5186:"enter", 5168:"close", 5136:"throw", 5120:"write", 5094:Non-Past 5085:Non-Past 5076:Non-Past 5067:Non-Past 4852:masculine 4757:masculine 4680:Singular 4674:Singular 4666:Non-Past 4470:reflexive 4462:intensive 4458:causative 4399:reflexive 4391:intensive 4387:causative 4376:In detail 4262:ḥta waḥed 4165:in which 4149:Present: 4036:, etc.). 3940:inversion 3930:The stem 3865:inversion 3855:The stem 3799:I wrote: 3704:smeh li. 3362:لا شكراً 3238:be-slama 3235:be-slama 3229:بالسلامة 3226:بالسلامة 3161:سمح لِيَ 3040:, unlike 2929:karratera 2782:parisiana 2394:June 2023 2382:verifying 2088:diglossic 2075:El Horria 1988:Original 1985:dialects. 1949:, but as 1941:Original 1924:Marrakech 1894:Original 1820:/mˤmˤʷək/ 1486:voiceless 1480:Fricative 1363:voiceless 1167:/bidˤ-at/ 1156:loanwords 1152:Marrakech 1092:/aː/,/iː/ 1069:/asˤħaːb/ 1049:/aqsˤarˤ/ 782:does not 763:Phonology 620:Marrakesh 474:Marrakesh 430:dialectal 388:romanized 368:Marrakech 287:Glottolog 271:ISO 639-3 123:Ethnicity 66:June 2017 58:talk page 14535:Numidian 14434:Korandje 14379:Tamashek 14285:Northern 14260:Ghadamès 14118:Hilalian 14105:Tunisian 14091:Moroccan 14077:Mountain 13987:Literary 13914:Moriscos 13752:Tabeldit 13624:Northern 13525:Category 13377:Nastaliq 13367:Muhaqqaq 13357:Maghrebi 13217:Academic 13157:Bimbashi 13113:Tunisene 13084:Baghdadi 13032:Shirvani 12972:Hadhrami 12930:Bahraini 12881:Baghdadi 12832:Baghdadi 12771:Aleppine 12761:Lebanese 12756:Cilician 12729:Sudanese 12719:Egyptian 12600:Hilalian 12558:Western 12536:Eastern 12533:Village 12512:Żurrieqi 12476:Sicilian 12469:Andalusi 12451:Maghrebi 12420:Literary 12072:(tanwin) 12070:Nunation 11956:Alphabet 11951:Language 11938:language 11599:11 March 11285:Archived 11193:Azemmour 11175:Archived 11136:Archived 10876:See also 10800:تاعروروت 10757:period. 10646:, using 10552:feminine 10473:feminine 10229:dda/yddi 10202:ħya/yħya 10119:, e.g. * 10105:baʕ/ybiʕ 10076:feminine 10047:y-ħebb-u 10002:t-ħebb-i 9997:feminine 9960:t-ħebb-u 9902:n-ħebb-u 9790:baʕ/ybiʕ 9781:ɣa-t-ʃuf 9776:ka-t-ʃuf 9761:feminine 9747:ɣa-y-ʃuf 9737:ka-y-ʃuf 9682:feminine 9660:ɣa-t-ʃuf 9650:ka-t-ʃuf 9602:ɣa-n-ʃuf 9592:ka-n-ʃuf 9499:ʃaf/yʃuf 9455:ɣa-t-biʕ 9450:ka-t-biʕ 9435:feminine 9421:ɣa-y-biʕ 9411:ka-y-biʕ 9356:feminine 9334:ɣa-t-biʕ 9324:ka-t-biʕ 9276:ɣa-n-biʕ 9266:ka-n-biʕ 9173:baʕ/ybiʕ 9140:"resign" 9120:Form X: 9033:nsa/ynsa 9004:feminine 8975:y-rˤmi-w 8945:feminine 8890:rˤmi-tiw 8768:"throw" 8749:becomes 8738:becomes 8727:becomes 8656:feminine 8644:ɣa-y-nsa 8639:ɣa-y-nsa 8631:ka-y-nsa 8626:ka-y-nsa 8551:feminine 8347:nsa/ynsa 8294:feminine 8255:ttxelʕ-u 8235:ttxelʕ-i 8230:ttxelʕ-i 8221:ttxelʕ-i 8212:ttxelʕ-i 8204:feminine 8197:ttxelʕ-u 8187:ttxelʕ-u 8169:ttxelʕ-u 8151:ttxelʕ-u 8113:ttxelʕ-u 8095:ttxelʕ-u 8077:ttxelʕ-u 7940:feminine 7901:sˤafrˤ-u 7881:sˤafrˤ-i 7861:feminine 7854:sˤafrˤ-u 7664:beddel-u 7618:t-beddel 7612:beddl-et 7606:feminine 7556:y-beddel 7499:feminine 7439:t-beddel 7387:n-beddel 7377:beddel-t 7272:xerˤʒ-et 7267:feminine 7179:feminine 7116:xrˤeʒ-ti 7060:xrˤeʒ-na 6970:reside". 6963:accuse". 6884:feminine 6855:y-dekr-u 6810:d-dekr-i 6805:feminine 6760:d-dekr-u 6747:dker-tiw 6697:n-dekr-u 6587:mektub-a 6480:feminine 6388:feminine 6335:kteb-tiw 6210:"write" 6163:tbirˤʒez 6158:ytFiSTLu 6114:tFuTeL; 6078:tFiTeL; 6064:ytFeSTa 6047:ytFeSTLu 6031:"pedal" 6017:yF...Ti 5992:FiSTeL; 5962:yFuTeL, 5951:"shoot" 5935:"send", 5926:yFiTeL, 5877:FeSTeL; 5857:ysteFMa 5844:ystFeMM 5829:ysteFMi 5816:ysteFMLu 5720:FtaMeL; 5656:tFaMeL; 5642:ytFiyya 5629:ytFiyyLu 5590:ytFuwwLu 5568:ytFeMMa 5555:ytFeMMLu 5533:yttFoMM 5519:yttFeMLu 5506:yttFeMM 5478:ytteFMa 5465:yttFeMLu 5403:yFaMeL, 5362:FiyyeL; 5357:"twist" 5330:FuwweL; 5295:FeMMeL; 5248:ban/yban 5244:xaf/yxaf 5237:"crawl" 5235:ħba/yħbu 5224:"cough" 5210:daz/yduz 5206:ʃaf/yʃuf 5197:nsa/ynsa 5156:"bring" 5154:ʒab/yʒib 5152:"sell", 5150:baʕ/ybiʕ 5138:ʃra/yʃri 5124:"drink" 5097:Example 5088:Example 5079:Example 5070:Example 5059:Doubled 4915:feminine 4824:feminine 4504:žab/yžib 4495:ṛma/yṛmi 4486:weakness 4258:ḥta ḥaja 4112:Negation 3845:kteb-tiu 3736:Welcome! 3701:.سمح لي 3568:English 3351:متشرفين 3320:ki rak? 3297:كي راك؟ 3280:لا باس؟ 3220:Goodbye 3167:smaḥ-li 3155:سمح ليَ 3095:la bas? 3086:لا باس؟ 3051:English 2899:karrossa 2839:Moriscos 2824:: police 2764:portable 2684:: letter 2660:: insect 2308:such as 2259:Moriscos 2144:Ifriqiya 2135:, about 2102:, using 2028:"pair", 1983:Algerian 1963:/dʒalas/ 1816:/mˤmˤʷ-/ 1303:emphatic 1291:emphatic 1253:Alveolar 1203:/tˤalib/ 1169:"eggs" ( 1057:/atˤlaʕ/ 1053:/qsˤərˤ/ 735:Oriental 693:Doukkala 531:Hilalian 498:Dialects 425:الداريجة 336:Help:IPA 294:moro1292 219:Dialects 195:Maghrebi 141:Speakers 127:Moroccan 14557:Romance 14506:Haketia 14500:Spanish 14495:Italian 14482:Romance 14472:Bambara 14462:Soninké 14374:Tamahaq 14339:Shawiya 14332:Riffian 14312:Zenatic 14242:Eastern 14049:Sfaxian 14004:Maltese 13964:Maghreb 13921:Extinct 13855:English 13850:Spanish 13803:Spanish 13798:Haketia 13785:Western 13776:Romance 13747:Tarifit 13724:Ghomara 13652:Eastern 13647:Western 13504:Italics 13412:Thuluth 13277:Grammar 13148:pidgins 13143:Creoles 13132:Sanʽani 13017:Bukhara 12977:Sanʽani 12940:Kuwaiti 12935:Emirati 12920:Dhofari 12905:Bahrani 12871:Cypriot 12859:(Qeltu) 12686:Sulaym 12673:Western 12668:Eastern 12546:Sfaxian 12542:(Sahel) 12497:Gozitan 12482:Maltese 12102:Letters 12076:Shaddah 12065:Harakat 12060:Tashkil 11988:Scripts 11961:History 11669:11 July 11625:2 March 11541:9 April 11409:8 April 10917:Tetuani 10848:Nichane 10843:Telquel 10774:Maghreb 10755:Marinid 10723:Melilla 10707:Spanish 10699:Tangier 10695:Tetouan 10629:Spanish 10523:ya-kl-u 10478:ta-kl-i 10436:ta-kl-u 10378:na-kl-u 10348:Plural 10342:Plural 10336:Plural 10330:Plural 10324:Plural 10318:Person 10310:Future 10253:(sg.), 10121:ħabáb-t 10081:ħebb-et 9872:Plural 9866:Plural 9860:Plural 9854:Plural 9848:Plural 9842:Person 9834:Future 9816:"love" 9732:y-ʃuf-u 9687:t-ʃuf-i 9645:t-ʃuf-u 9587:n-ʃuf-u 9557:Plural 9551:Plural 9545:Plural 9539:Plural 9533:Plural 9527:Person 9519:Future 9406:y-biʕ-u 9361:t-biʕ-i 9319:t-biʕ-u 9261:n-biʕ-u 9231:Plural 9225:Plural 9219:Plural 9213:Plural 9207:Plural 9201:Person 9193:Future 9175:"sell" 9014:te-rˤmi 8896:te-rˤmi 8885:rˤmi-ti 8843:ne-rˤmi 8838:rˤmi-na 8824:Plural 8818:Plural 8812:Plural 8806:Plural 8800:Plural 8794:Person 8786:Future 8723:Plural 8405:Plural 8399:Plural 8393:Plural 8387:Plural 8381:Plural 8375:Person 8367:Future 8325:ttexleʕ 8316:ttexleʕ 8307:ttexleʕ 8250:ttexleʕ 8192:ttexleʕ 8178:ttexleʕ 8160:ttexleʕ 8143:ttexleʕ 8104:ttexleʕ 8086:ttexleʕ 8069:ttexleʕ 8047:Plural 8041:Plural 8035:Plural 8029:Plural 8023:Plural 8017:Person 8009:Future 7896:sˤaferˤ 7849:sˤaferˤ 7748:Plural 7742:Plural 7736:Plural 7730:Plural 7724:Plural 7718:Person 7710:Future 7670:dexl-et 7597:beddl-u 7579:beddl-u 7550:beddl-u 7528:beddl-i 7522:beddl-i 7513:beddl-i 7491:beddl-u 7480:beddl-u 7462:beddl-u 7368:Plural 7362:Plural 7356:Plural 7350:Plural 7344:Plural 7338:Person 7330:Future 7219:xerˤʒ-u 7199:xerˤʒ-i 7172:xerˤʒ-u 7055:xrˤeʒ-t 7046:Plural 7040:Plural 7034:Plural 7028:Plural 7022:Plural 7016:Person 7008:Future 6889:dekr-et 6742:dker-ti 6684:dker-na 6670:Plural 6664:Plural 6658:Plural 6652:Plural 6646:Plural 6640:Person 6632:Future 6597:katb-in 6522:removal 6493:te-kteb 6340:te-kteb 6330:kteb-ti 6285:ne-kteb 6280:kteb-na 6266:Plural 6260:Plural 6254:Plural 6248:Plural 6242:Plural 6236:Person 6228:Future 6167:tbiznes 6152:tFiSTLu 6139:ytFuTa 6122:ytFuTLu 6103:ytFiTa 6086:ytFiTLu 6041:tFeSTLu 6000:yFiSTLu 5975:"lock" 5956:FuTeL; 5920:FiTeL; 5906:yFeSTi 5885:yFeSTLu 5810:steFMLu 5770:yFteMM 5764:"need" 5745:yFtaMi 5728:yFtaMLu 5701:ytFaMMu 5677:ytFaMa 5664:ytFaMLu 5623:tFiyyLu 5610:tluwwa/ 5584:tFuwwLu 5549:tFeMMLu 5544:IIa(V) 5494:yttFaL 5459:ttFeMLu 5397:FaMeL; 5383:yFiyyi 5370:yFiyyLu 5351:yFuwwi 5338:yFuwwLu 5322:"show" 5316:yFeMMi 5303:yFeMMLu 5277:"say", 5250:"seem" 5212:"pass" 5208:"see", 5177:yFMoL, 5111:yFMeL, 5056:Hollow 5050:Strong 5025:) stem. 4953:Notes: 4683:Plural 4677:Plural 4671:Person 4527:yxuwwef 4466:passive 4395:passive 4332:de-kteb 4046:ka-/ta- 4030:te-kteb 4026:ne-kteb 3971:de-kteb 3841:kteb-tu 3835:kteb-na 3829:ketb-et 3815:kteb-ti 3807:kteb-ti 3763:Grammar 3743:tfdel! 3740:!تفضّل 3623:.شكراً 3408:tḥălla 3370:Please 3312:(Jebli) 3158:سمح لي 3036:is not 2992:= /x ɣ/ 2923:elmaryo 2804:serbita 2788:, stick 2770:tilifūn 2724:telfaza 2690:: hurry 2676:Tammara 2670:Tabrori 2634:Sebniya 2598:Tekšita 2376:Please 2287:Spanish 2271:Semitic 2191:), and 2064:Writing 2026:/zawdʒ/ 1979:/dʒuːz/ 1967:/ɡzzar/ 1932:Tetouan 1928:Tangier 1745: 1695: 1653: 1611: 1474: 1357:Plosive 1351: 1278:Glottal 1258:Palatal 1240: 1073:/sˤħab/ 1065:/tˤləʕ/ 1061:/tˤlaʕ/ 865:Central 803:removed 788:sources 705:Chaouia 637:Zerhoun 632:people. 608:Larache 600:Tangier 588:Tétouan 560:zaouias 555:Maghreb 470:Tangier 419:الدارجة 401: 390:: 332:Unicode 175:Semitic 117:Morocco 14490:French 14467:Pulaar 14412:Zenaga 14389:Tayart 14366:Tuareg 14304:Kabyle 14270:Nafusi 14255:Fezzan 14250:Awjila 14233:Berber 14126:Sulaym 14085:Jewish 13979:Arabic 13878:Hebrew 13873:Arabic 13845:French 13739:Zenati 13729:Gharbi 13687:Berber 13673:Darija 13607:Arabic 13588:Arabic 13583:Berber 13327:Diwani 13314:Script 13272:(case) 13269:ʾIʿrāb 13255:Tajwid 13200:Bongor 13179:Maridi 13129:Habban 13003:Others 12987:Tihami 12967:Yemeni 12962:Shihhi 12947:Hejazi 12915:Bedawi 12910:Bareqi 12766:Syrian 12724:Saʽidi 12656:Nemadi 12642:Maqil 12540:Sahili 12507:Żejtun 12443:spoken 12441:Modern 11936:Arabic 11790:’, in 11758:’, in 11479: 11434: 11345: 11335: 11220: 11085:4 June 11057: 11018: 11008: 10975: 10768:, the 10762:Malhun 10705:, and 10691:French 10637:accent 10633:Arabic 10625:French 10562:ta-kol 10518:ya-kol 10431:ta-kol 10373:na-kol 10247:ʒa/yʒi 10117:ħabáb- 10109:ħebbi- 10086:t-ħebb 10042:y-ħebb 10037:ħebb-u 10017:ħebb-i 9990:ħebb-u 9955:t-ħebb 9897:n-ħebb 9766:ʃaf-et 9501:"see" 9440:baʕ-et 9009:rˤma-t 8970:y-rˤmi 8965:rˤma-w 8938:rˤmi-w 8833:rˤmi-t 8669:te-nsa 8556:te-nsa 8502:te-nsa 8497:te-nsa 8435:ne-nsa 8430:ne-nsa 7969:beddel 7676:dexl-u 7636:beddel 7627:beddel 7588:beddel 7570:beddel 7544:beddel 7485:beddel 7471:beddel 7453:beddel 7293:ɣa-te- 7285:ka-te- 7152:ɣa-te- 7139:ka-te- 7091:ɣa-ne- 7078:ka-ne- 6977:find". 6850:y-dker 6845:dekr-u 6825:dekr-i 6798:dekr-u 6679:dker-t 6582:katb-a 6572:ketaba 6567:mektub 6442:y-kteb 6394:t-ketb 6346:t-ketb 6291:n-ketb 6275:kteb-t 6116:tFuTLu 6080:tFiTLu 5994:FiSTLu 5981:yFuTi 5964:yFuTLu 5945:yFiTi 5928:yFiTLu 5912:"ask" 5879:FeSTLu 5787:yFMaL 5754:yFtaL 5722:FtaMLu 5695:tFaMMu 5658:tFaMLu 5442:yFaMMu 5418:yFaMi 5405:yFaMLu 5364:FiyyLu 5332:FuwwLu 5297:FeMMLu 5218:yFoMM 5179:yFeMLu 5162:yFeMM 5140:"buy" 5113:yFeMLu 5105:FMeL; 4523:xuwwef 4499:hollow 4443:-kteb- 4311:while 4179:passus 4140:/kteb/ 4138:Past: 4106:ketb-u 4100:ketb-i 4034:y-kteb 3851:ketb-u 3811:kteb-t 3801:kteb-t 3697:Sorry. 3587:eyeh. 3554:": --> 3254:Hello 2911:blassa 2875:simana 2869:kuzina 2822:boulis 2794:: song 2786:komera 2758:kamera 2740:bartma 2672:: hail 2666:: figs 2664:Kermos 2648:: send 2640:sarred 2630:: poor 2628:Mezlot 2334:, ed. 2322:thamma 2314:hadhar 2283:French 2279:Berber 2221:Berber 2159:Qur'an 2141:Hafsid 2111:risala 2038:/mzaʒ/ 2018:/ʃams/ 2014:/ʃəmʃ/ 1959:/ɡləs/ 1910:) but 1742: 1739: 1708: 1705: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1666: 1663: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1624: 1621: 1594: 1570: 1556:voiced 1528: 1471: 1468: 1458: 1425:voiced 1411: 1394: 1377: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1268:Uvular 1249:Dental 1244:Labial 1142:, but 851:Short 834:Vowels 739:Oranie 733:, the 721:Hyayna 711:, and 641:Sefrou 630:Jebala 616:Meknes 604:Asilah 592:Wezzan 438:Arabic 414:Darija 379:Arabic 190:Arabic 87:Darija 56:. The 14590:Greek 14577:Sabir 14549:Punic 14457:Wolof 14297:Atlas 14265:Kufra 14189:Maqil 14042:Sahel 14022:Urban 13793:Sabir 13696:Atlas 13666:Koiné 13486:Other 13407:Tawqi 13362:Mashq 13352:Kufic 13260:Imāla 13229:Names 13195:Turku 13123:Adeni 12957:Omani 12952:Najdi 12857:North 12847:South 12842:Shawi 12824:Gilit 12788:South 12748:North 12646:Fessi 12565:Jebli 12551:Jijel 12526:Tunis 12521:Urban 12502:Qormi 12111:ʾAlif 12081:Hamza 12053:i‘jām 11721:"كود" 11578:(PDF) 11503:(PDF) 11371:(PDF) 11364:(PDF) 11343:S2CID 10787:Zajal 10719:Ceuta 10711:Spain 10709:, as 10689:with 10557:kla-t 10513:kla-w 10493:kul-i 10466:kul-u 10301:Past 10241:meddi 10237:meddi 10113:ħebb- 9948:ħebbi 9940:ħebbi 9890:ħebbi 9882:ħebbi 9825:Past 9771:t-ʃuf 9727:y-ʃuf 9722:ʃaf-u 9702:ʃuf-i 9675:ʃuf-u 9640:t-ʃuf 9582:n-ʃuf 9510:Past 9445:t-biʕ 9401:y-biʕ 9396:baʕ-u 9376:biʕ-i 9349:biʕ-u 9314:t-biʕ 9256:n-biʕ 9184:Past 8777:Past 8700:ketb- 8618:y-nsa 8613:y-nsa 8358:Past 8323:(te-) 8314:(te-) 8305:(te-) 8228:(te-) 8219:(te-) 8210:(te-) 8185:(te-) 8176:(te-) 8167:(te-) 8158:(te-) 8149:(te-) 8141:(te-) 8000:Past 7701:Past 7321:Past 7295:xrˤoʒ 7287:xrˤoʒ 7279:xrˤoʒ 7252:xrˤoʒ 7250:ɣa-y- 7239:xrˤoʒ 7237:ka-y- 7226:xrˤoʒ 7214:xrˤeʒ 7166:xrˤoʒ 7154:xrˤoʒ 7141:xrˤoʒ 7128:xrˤoʒ 7093:xrˤoʒ 7080:xrˤoʒ 7067:xrˤoʒ 6999:Past 6623:Past 6562:kateb 6219:Past 5958:FuTLu 5922:FiTLu 5717:VIII 5436:FaMMu 5399:FaMLu 5240:yFaL 5231:yFMu 5202:yFuL 5193:yFMa 5146:yFiL 5130:yFMi 5107:FeMLu 5091:Past 5082:Past 5073:Past 5064:Past 5053:Weak 5047:Form 4663:Past 4577:or a 4553:or a 4541:or a 4515:roots 4511:stems 4439:kteb- 4435:ykteb 4248:/a-/. 3950:, an 3768:Verbs 3584:.ايه 3399:تهلا 2998:= /j/ 2986:= /q/ 2980:= /ə/ 2968:a i u 2917:komir 2893:fundo 2881:manta 2858:rwida 2843:Spain 2810:tabla 2776:briki 2752:tobis 2746:rompa 2734:rādio 2730:radio 2688:Deġya 2658:Baxuš 2654:: key 2652:Sarut 2646:Sifet 2622:Henna 2618:: wet 2616:Fazeg 2610:Mesus 2604:Lalla 2592:Xizzu 2543:rajəl 2537:wəldi 2531:bənti 2477:fikra 2318:temma 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