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collaborator of the most important literary journal, "Literary pages" which was circulated in Warsaw. In 1935, a complete work devoted to Wilno, in which Shalit participated, was published in New York. The following years, his collaboration with various literary journals such as "Jewish World" and "The World Of Books", continued. Shalit played a role in all the secular, cultural and social Jewish authorities in Wilno, and more significantly in Poland, and in all the representative institutions in New York, Berlin, Paris and
Switzerland where YIVO was to be represented, and in
25:
394:, as were most YIVO members. There was no conflict for these people between the discovery of the world in its diversity and describing and protecting Yiddish culture. In 1938, Shalit published an important work of research with the Almanac of the Wilno Yiddish Writers' and Journalists' Union for the celebration of the Union's 20th anniversary. The first part described the socialist direction of the association and retraced its steps since foundation. The second part was devoted to literary texts, notably those of the
108:
403:
Specialists considered
Lithuanian Yiddish, spoken in Wilno, to be the most literary dialect of Yiddish. Members of YIVO (particularly Shalit) viewed Judaism foremost as a culture—rather than a religion. As with all cultures, Judaism's foundations were assumed to be spiritual. YIVO's researchers were not preoccupied with making it religious.
399:
70,000 Jews, almost half the city's population. Philosophers, poets, artists, scientists, political militants, artisans, and shopkeepers all spoke
Yiddish—and not just exclusively in the Jewish area around Zydowska and Straszuna streets. In this fertile environment, YIVO's intellectual activity was at its highest point.
317:, philologist and great Yiddish propagandist, set to work making the known the goals of the institution. The most modernist intellectuals of Wilno passed on news of the project. Among them, Shalit was called to join the research groups. YIVO quickly took on an international dimension; offices were opened in
368:
In 1936, after a large amount of work and numerous investigations, YIVO established laws and conventions for the
Yiddish language, based on Polish and Lithuanian usage. Furthermore, research was to be conducted by modern methods and recent innovations of the human and social scientists into a better
226:
After returning to Poland, during the German occupation, he founded a
Yiddish-language Jewish school. He was administrator of the people's university, and president of the Historical Commission. In 1918, he became general secretary of the committee for organising the first democratic Jewish assembly
402:
It has been estimated that, before the Second World War, there were approximately 11 million
Yiddish-speakers in Europe and the two principal destinations for immigration, the United States and South America. YIVO linguists, philologists, lexicographers and grammarians studied the Yiddish language.
235:
raged. On April 19, 1919, the Polish Army (joined by volunteers) penetrated Vilna to restore Polish supremacy relative to the Russo-Soviets and to some extent the
Germans. Vilna, whose status was unclear, was faced this with difficulty. The armed groups took control quickly and began a systematic
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literary group and many articles reflecting on diverse socio-cultural subjects. In the same year, Shalit was president of the Union of
Yiddish Language Writers and Journalists. Recognition of the Jewish identity as a cultural phenomenon was important to Shalit. At that time in Wilno, there were
377:
was at that time a new science in Jewish culture; Shalit was one of the closest collaborators of Max
Weinreich. Shalit's ethnographic studies outside the Economy and Statistics department referred to the situation of the Jews of Poland and the recent past. Shalit was, beyond this, a permanent
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was marked by Polish domination, and Vilna became Wilno. For many years, Shalit was to be a pillar of Wilno cultural life. He was general secretary of YEKOPO (an aid organisation for Jewish victims of war). He was also member of the ORT (the professional teaching organisation) and the
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against the city's Jewish population including razing, savage attacks, torture and killings. When calm was restored, the "wise men" of the community, including Shalit (then 34 years old), were called together to re-establish peace in people's minds.
449:
Nonetheless, Yiddish texts were saved from the destruction. Although
Yiddish has many fewer speakers than in the past, its readers and translators are gathering anew. Shalit's work to promote Yiddish culture continues into the 21st century.
258:(a child protection organisation focused more and more during this period on disadvantaged Jewish children). These two organisations existed the whole time. Studies by Shalit on prominent Yiddish writers such as
415:, the consultative committee designed by the occupiers and formed of prominent Jews from the city's two Jewish Ghettos. Shalit refused; his antifascist militant past seemed to him incompatible with membership.
313:. Academy and university at the beginning, it felt obliged additionally to welcome all those who, through their work, had participated in the spreading of Yiddish culture. The figurehead was Weinrich.
197:. While he was arrested on several times and was a victim of police repression, he did not quit his studies. In fact, he devoted himself to his overflowing creative activity.
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established themselves there and were at the origin of a major cultural event, the creation of a Jewish Scientific Institute with a largely cultural calling, the
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Note: The works of Moshe Shalit are primarily written in Yiddish. Yiddish characters were transliterated into Latin characters according to YIVO standards.
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arrested Shalit at his home on 15 Pohulanka Street (now called Basanaviciaus Street in modern Vilnius, Lithuania), a street also home to novelist
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434:, which took place eight kilometres southwest of Vilna. The bodies of 70,000 executed Jews were thrown into ditches in the forest of
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In 1914 he went to America, continuing to publish and spending a lot of his effort in the social-educational domain.
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Conversations on Yiddish culture held in Vilnius, by the officials of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly.
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Wilno became the beacon of Jewish intellectual life, invigorated by the sheer diversity of its characters: from
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090306214946/http://assembly.coe.int/Documents/WorkingDocs/doc96/FDOC7489AD.htm
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Growing up without a father, Shalit quickly became a recognized cultural activist in the Jewish
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438:. Shalit's wife Deborah and their youngest daughter Ita were killed several months later in
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Fun yor tsu yor: illustrirter gezelshaftlikher lu'ah. Statistik, artiklen, materialn, bilder
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Lider-zamelbukh: in kinder heym un oyf'n kinder-platz. Gezelshaft far Idishe folks-muzik
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39:
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Folk un land: zamlbikher spetseyl gevidmete der filozofish-gezelshaftlikher oyfklerung
115:
in 1938. Moshe Shalit, the president, is seated in the first row, fifth from the left.
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542:
Ekonomishe lage fun di Yidn in Polyn un di Yidishe kooperatsye: artiklen un materialn
379:
306:
267:
74:
817:, Paris. A history of the Yiddish language and activities related to Yiddish culture
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Profiles of a Lost World: Memoirs of East European Jewish Life Before World War II.
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Oyf di hurves fun milhomes un mehumes: pinkes fun Gegnt-komitet "Yekopo" 1919-1931
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Di organizatsye un praktik fun Keren ha-yesod: der nisoyen fun 2 yor arbet in Lite
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431:
411:
During the Second World War, the Nazi authorities solicited Shalit to sit on the
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177:, which became the Yiddish Institute for Jewish Research. Shalit was murdered by
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socialists of the Bund. In 1925, the fame of Wilno was such that the linguist
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Photo of the Union of Yiddish Language Writers and Journalists members from
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artistic and literary review founded by Shalit, VII-VIII. December 1920.
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publications, which were abundant at the beginning of the 20th century.
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617:, Shalit's daughter, writer and World War II French resistance member.
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Arband fun di Yidishe Kooperative gezelshaftn in Polyn. Vilne, 1926.
373:. The researchers published in Yiddish, English, German and Polish.
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173:. He was an active member of the Jewish Scientific Institute,
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extended throughout Europe; Yiddishland was to be wiped out.
112:
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Z niedalekiej przeszlosci: kwartalnik historyczno-kulturalny
244:
791:
http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/einsatz/ponary.html
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724:, 2nd ed., vol. 4. Editions B. Kleckin, Wilno. p. 1927-29.
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The destruction of Yiddishland and the fate of its culture
57:
and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
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Doktor Tsema'h Shabad, der Visenshaftli'her un Publicist
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Lituanie juive (1918-1940): Message d’un monde englouti
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Pinkes, oyf di'Hurban fun Mil'homè un Mehumè, 1919-1929
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in Vilna. The Russian Jewish writer and ethnographer
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Biographical dictionary of modern yiddish literature
351:
Four departments were created within the institute:
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Lexique de Littérature, Presse et Philologie juives
341:
The Jewish Cultural and Scientific Institute (YIVO)
418:In the middle of the night on July 29, 1941, the
231:was a member of the steering committee. However,
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651:Vilna, Wilno, Vilnius, la Jérusalem de Lituanie
520:. hoypt-byuro fun Keren ha-yesod. London, 1923.
474:Vilner kulturele anshtalten biblioteken, shulen
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659:
653:. La Découverte et Syros, 2000. Pages 375-390.
361:Economics and Statistics (Shalit's department)
525:Eili, Eili Father, why hast thou forsaken me?
382:congresses in which he was an active member.
329:. Correspondents covered about 15 countries.
16:Lithuanian Jewish journalist and ethnographer
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38:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
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161:Shalit devoted himself to the promotion of
53:and maintains a consistent citation style.
781:. Editions Autrement, 1996. Pages 230-231.
181:in one of the large massacres in Vilnius.
245:Wilno, center of Jewish intellectual life
95:Learn how and when to remove this message
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106:
430:. Shalit was one of the victims of the
293:theorists, Yiddish language militants,
204:, he worked with several newspapers in
193:. He attended college several years in
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577:. Gegnt-komitet,"Yekopo". Vilne, 1931.
690:Wayne State University Press, 1999.
511:. Ed. Br. Rozenthal. Vilne, 1920-21.
18:
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45:Please consider converting them to
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527:Ed. Camden. Victrola, N.J., 1923.
23:
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736:. YIVO, Volume 16, pp. 837-839.
604:. Ed. A.B. Cerata. Paris, 1939.
595:, No. 1 Kwiecienczerwiec, 1937.
337:associated themselves with it.
134:- 19 July 1941, Vilnius) was a
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502:. Ed. S. Sreberk. Vilne, 1920.
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49:to ensure the article remains
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815:Maison de la Culture Yiddish
169:in a spirit of openness and
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442:where they had fled. The
386:An open view of the world
364:Psychology and Education.
852:Lithuanian ethnographers
847:Yiddish-language writers
598:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
589:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
580:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
571:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
565:Luhos in unzer literatur
562:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
553:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
539:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
530:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
514:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
505:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
496:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
487:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
480:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
471:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
462:(Yiddish) Moshe Shalit.
358:Philology and Literature
274:appeared in collection.
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745:H. Minczeles, p. ?
523:(Hebrew) Moshe Shalit.
808:official YIVO homepage
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665:H. Minczeles, p. 286.
454:Works of Moshe Shalit
285:and disciples of the
283:Biblical commentators
260:Mendele Mocher Sforim
216:and articles in many
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806:http://www.yivo.org/
734:Encyclopédie Judaica
536:. Varsovie, 1926-29.
305:and the philosopher
130:; 22 December 1885,
686:Abramowicz, Hirsz.
601:Daniel Tcharny Bukh
297:dissidents and the
238:program of violence
626:Yiddish literature
499:Literarishe etyudn
493:. Petrograd, 1918.
369:understanding of
191:socialist movement
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696:978-0-8143-2784-5
649:Henri Minczeles.
426:and YIVO founder
307:Zelig Kalmanovich
268:Isaac Leib Peretz
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120:Moshe Shalit
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71:Citation bot
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842:1941 deaths
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771: [
758:, Volume 8.
754:Collectif,
615:Cécile Cerf
424:Romain Gary
200:During the
195:Koenigsburg
85:August 2022
831:Categories
637:References
440:Belorussia
396:Yung Vilnè
375:Statistics
295:Trotskyist
210:monographs
167:literature
140:journalist
136:researcher
51:verifiable
444:Holocaust
281:, expert
279:Hebraists
128:משה שאליט
36:bare URLs
609:See also
413:Judenrat
392:polyglot
380:PEN club
229:S. Anski
152:humanist
144:essayist
40:link rot
709:Judaica
559:, 1929.
420:Gestapo
355:History
291:Marxist
165:and of
154:of the
132:Vilnius
124:Yiddish
694:
675:Leben,
323:Berlin
319:Warsaw
150:, and
60:reFill
775:]
508:Leben
436:Ponar
206:Vilna
185:Youth
113:Wilno
34:uses
692:ISBN
631:YIVO
347:YIVO
333:and
325:and
311:YIVO
287:Gaon
270:and
249:The
175:YIVO
68:and
289:to
256:OSE
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