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2131:. This text asserted that maritime position determined a nation's independence: countries with free access to the high seas were independent; while those who lacked this, were not. Italy, which only had access to an inland sea without French and British acquiescence, was only a "semi-independent nation", and alleged to be a "prisoner in the Mediterranean":
1097:
military strategy was a heavy dependence on imports including 100 per cent of the aluminium, 85 per cent of the iron ore, and especially 79 per cent of the oil supplies. It was one thing to go to war with China or Russia, but quite another to be in conflict with the key suppliers, especially the United States, Britain, and the
Netherlands, of oil and iron.
1329:, was on the defensive, but it received significant help from the Soviet Union and Mexico. Led by Great Britain and France, and including the United States, most countries remained neutral and refused to provide armaments to either side. The powerful fear was that this localised conflict would escalate into a European conflagration that no one wanted.
2341:. Three weeks later, Mussolini told Ciano that he intended for an Italian takeover of Albania. Mussolini professed that Italy would only be able to "breathe easily" if it had acquired a contiguous colonial domain in Africa from the Atlantic to the Indian Oceans, and when ten million Italians had settled in them. In 1938, Italy demanded a
2669:(IOC) worked to encourage Olympic ideals and participation. Following the 1922 Latin American Games in Rio de Janeiro, the IOC helped to establish national Olympic committees and prepare for future competition. In Brazil, however, sporting and political rivalries slowed progress as opposing factions fought for control of
860:. There was unprecedented industrial growth, accelerated consumer demand and aspirations, and significant changes in lifestyle and culture. The media began to focus on celebrities, especially sports heroes and movie stars. Major cities built large sports stadiums for the fans, in addition to palatial cinemas. The
2581:
posed a great challenge to the region. The collapse of the world economy meant that the demand for raw materials drastically declined, undermining many of the economies of Latin
America. Intellectuals and government leaders in Latin America turned their backs on the older economic policies and turned
1587:
French census statistics from 1938 show an imperial population with France at over 150 million people, outside of France itself, of 102.8 million people living on 13.5 million square kilometers. Of the total population, 64.7 million lived in Africa and 31.2 million lived in Asia; 900,000 lived in the
827:
In Europe, according to Derek
Aldcroft and Steven Morewood, "Nearly all countries registered some economic progress in the 1920s and most of them managed to regain or surpass their pre-war income and production levels by the end of the decade." The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Greece
1750:
was signed by
Germany, France, Belgium, Britain, and Italy; it recognised Germany's borders with France and Belgium. Moreover, Britain, Italy, and Belgium undertook to assist France in the case that German troops marched into the demilitarised Rhineland. Locarno paved the way for Germany's admission
1532:
The
Dominions (Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the Irish Free State) were self-governing and gained semi-independence in the World War, while Britain still controlled foreign policy and defence in all except Ireland. The right of the Dominions to set their own foreign
1125:
led to increasing diplomatic isolation. The 1902 alliance with
Britain was not renewed in 1922 because of heavy pressure on Britain from Canada and the United States. In the 1920s Japanese diplomacy was rooted in a largely liberal democratic political system, and favoured internationalism. By 1930,
1779:
Hitler came to power in
January 1933, and inaugurated an aggressive power designed to give Germany economic and political domination across central Europe. He did not attempt to recover the lost colonies. Until August 1939, the Nazis denounced Communists and the Soviet Union as the greatest enemy,
419:
Militarily, the period would see a markedly rapid advance in technology which, alongside lessons learned from WWI, would catalyze new strategic and tactical innovations. While the period would largely see a continuation of the development of the technologies pioneered in WWI, debates emerged as to
2163:
have been ready to form a chain with Great
Britain and to complete the politico-military encirclement of Italy. Thus Greece, Turkey, and Egypt must be considered vital enemies of Italy's expansion ... The aim of Italian policy, which cannot have, and does not have continental objectives of a
1387:
The changing world order that the war had brought about, in particular the growth of the United States and Japan as naval powers, and the rise of independence movements in India and
Ireland, caused a major reassessment of British imperial policy. Forced to choose between alignment with the United
822:
The women's contribution to the war effort combined with failures of the previous systems' of
Government made it more difficult than hitherto to maintain that women were, both by constitution and temperament, unfit to vote. If women could work in munitions factories, it seemed both ungrateful and
2621:
During the interwar period, United States policy makers continued to be concerned over German influence in Latin America. Some analysts grossly exaggerated the influence of Germans in South America even after the First World War when German influence somewhat declined. As the influence of United
1096:
closely on the most advanced Western European models. They started with textiles, railways, and shipping, expanding to electricity and machinery. The most serious weakness was a shortage of raw materials. Industry ran short of copper, and coal became a net importer. A deep flaw in the aggressive
1045:
emerged victorious in Germany, fascism spread to many other countries in Europe, and also played a major role in several countries in Latin America. Fascist parties sprang up, attuned to local right-wing traditions, but also possessing common features that typically included extreme militaristic
2281:
requested Italian support against the ruling Republican faction, and guaranteed that, if Italy supported the Nationalists, "future relations would be more than friendly" and that Italian support "would have permitted the influence of Rome to prevail over that of Berlin in the future politics of
1229:
The civilian government in Tokyo tried to minimise the Army's aggression in Manchuria, and announced it was withdrawing. On the contrary, the Army completed the conquest of Manchuria, and the civilian cabinet resigned. The political parties were divided on the issue of military expansion. Prime
2206:
based on the precedent of previous Roman dominance in these regions. Dalmatia and Slovenia were to be directly annexed into Italy while the remainder of the Balkans was to be transformed into Italian client states. The regime also sought to establish protective patron-client relationships with
1030:
Democracy and prosperity largely went together in the 1920s. Economic disaster led to a distrust in the effectiveness of democracy and its collapse in much of Europe and Latin America, including the Baltic and Balkan countries, Poland, Spain, and Portugal. Powerful expansionary anti-democratic
906:
that took place after 1929. The timing varied across nations; in most countries it started in 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s. It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. The depression originated in the United States and became worldwide news with the
1262:
in December 1937, with mass murder and mass rape. By 1939 military lines had stabilised, with Japan in control of almost all of the major Chinese cities and industrial areas. A puppet government was set up. In the U.S., government and public opinion—even including those who were isolationist
1245:
The Army, however, was itself divided into cliques and factions with different strategic viewpoints. One faction viewed the Soviet Union as the main enemy; the other sought to build a mighty empire based in Manchuria and northern China. The Navy, while smaller and less influential, was also
1795:
Hitler's diplomatic strategy in the 1930s was to make seemingly reasonable demands, threatening war if they were not met. When opponents tried to appease him, he accepted the gains that were offered, then went to the next target. That aggressive strategy worked as Germany pulled out of the
2127:. Mussolini alleged that Italy required uncontested access to the world's oceans and shipping lanes to ensure its national sovereignty. This was elaborated on in a document he later drew up in 1939 called "The March to the Oceans", and included in the official records of a meeting of the
1711:: shops would not sell goods to the foreign soldiers, coal mines would not dig for the foreign troops, trams in which members of the occupation army had taken seat would be left abandoned in the middle of the street. The German government printed vast quantities of paper money, causing
1634:
that operated until 1926, but had no international recognition. Eventually, France and Spain agreed to end the revolt. They sent in 200,000 soldiers, forcing el-Krim to surrender in 1926; he was exiled in the Pacific until 1947. Morocco was now pacified, and became the base from which
2118:
During the late 1920s, imperial expansion became an increasingly favoured theme in Mussolini's speeches. Amongst Mussolini's aims were that Italy had to become the dominant power in the Mediterranean that would be able to challenge France or Britain, as well as attain access to the
1719:. The passive resistance proved effective, insofar as the occupation became a loss-making deal for the French government. But the hyperinflation caused many prudent savers to lose all the money they had saved. Weimar added new internal enemies every year, as anti-democratic
1332:
The Spanish Civil War was marked by numerous small battles and sieges, and many atrocities, until the Nationalists won in 1939 by overwhelming the Republican forces. The Soviet Union provided armaments but never enough to equip the heterogeneous government militias and the
2684:
English and Scottish engineers had brought futebol (soccer) to Brazil in the late 19th century. The International Committee of the YMCA of North America and the Playground Association of America played major roles in training coaches. Across the globe after 1912, the
603:
The important stages of interwar diplomacy and international relations included resolutions of wartime issues, such as reparations owed by Germany and boundaries; American involvement in European finances and disarmament projects; the expectations and failures of the
770:
to politics in the wake of hyper-emotional wartime passions in the United States, France, and Germany. The leftist revolutions in Finland, Poland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Spain were defeated by conservatives, but succeeded in Russia, which became the base for
2586:. The goal was to create self-sufficient economies, which would have their own industrial sectors and large middle classes and which would be immune to the fluctuations of the global economy. Despite the potential threats to United States commercial interests, the
2477:. With new territories came varying legal systems, social structures and political structures. Social and economic development rates also varied as for example Slovenia and Croatia was far more advanced economically than Kosovo and Macedonia, which had substantial
584:
and Wall Street invested heavily in Germany, which repaid its reparations to nations that, in turn, used the dollars to pay off their war debts to Washington. By the middle of the decade, prosperity was widespread, with the second half of the decade known as the
1126:
however, Japan was rapidly reversing itself, rejecting democracy at home, as the Army seized more and more power, and rejecting internationalism and liberalism. By the late 1930s it had joined the Axis military alliance with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.
1525:. As the threat of war with Germany increased during the 1930s, Britain judged the support of Arabs as more important than the establishment of a Jewish homeland, and shifted to a pro-Arab stance, limiting Jewish immigration and in turn triggering a
823:
illogical to deny them a place in the polling booth. But the vote was much more than simply a reward for war work; the point was that women's participation in the war helped to dispel the fears that surrounded women's entry into the public arena.
1046:
nationalism, a desire for economic self-containment, threats and aggression toward neighbouring countries, oppression of minorities, a ridicule of democracy while using its techniques to mobilise an angry middle-class base, and a disgust with
2689:(FIFA) played the chief role in the transformation of association football into a global game, working with national and regional organisations, and setting up the rules and customs, and establishing championships such as the World Cup.
2617:
was also repealed, freeing Cuba from legal and official interference of the United States in its politics. The Second World War also brought the United States and most Latin American nations together, with Argentina the main hold out.
2461:
that could not deal with advanced reformist transactions. Albania's reliance on Italy also grew as Italians exercised control over nearly every Albanian official through money and patronage, breeding a colonial-like mentality.
2380:
with the Italian crown. Italy had long built strong links with the Albanian leadership and considered it firmly within its sphere of influence. Mussolini wanted a spectacular success over a smaller neighbour to match Germany's
3006:
The result was the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 23 … the crucial part of the agreement… reshaped the map of Central Europe… Bessarabia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and eastern Poland would become part of Stalin's sphere of
1304:
To one degree or another, Spain had been unstable politically for centuries, and in 1936–1939 was wracked by one of the bloodiest civil wars of the 20th century. The real importance comes from outside countries. In Spain the
1396:, in which Britain accepted naval parity with the United States. The issue of the empire's security was a serious concern in Britain, as it was vital to the British pride, its finance, and its trade-oriented economy.
965:. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60%. Facing plummeting demand with few alternative sources of jobs, areas dependent on
1116:
proved unproductive. Japan's wartime diplomacy and limited military action had produced few results, and at the Paris Versailles peace conference at the end of the war, Japan was frustrated in its ambitions. At the
2273:, Spanish monarchists and fascists repeatedly approached Italy for aid in overthrowing the Republican government, in which Italy agreed to support them to establish a pro-Italian government in Spain. In July 1936,
954:
rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%. Prices fell sharply, especially for mining and agricultural commodities. Business profits fell sharply as well, with a sharp reduction in new business starts.
6894:
3048:
1926:. Hitler thereupon declared that all of German Reich's territorial claims had been fulfilled. However, hardly six months after the Munich Agreement, in March 1939, Hitler used the smouldering quarrel between
224:(WWII). It was relatively short, yet featured many social, political, military, and economic changes throughout the world. Petroleum-based energy production and associated mechanisation led to the prosperous
12070:
671:
of 1921 in determining how many capital ships each major country was allowed. The new allocations were actually followed and there were no naval races in the 1920s. Britain played a leading role in the 1927
2426:. The early 1930s were marked by social unrest, high unemployment, and strikes. In several instances, the Romanian government violently repressed strikes and riots, notably the 1929 miners' strike in
1696:, and of predominantly Polish districts. The Allied armies occupied industrial sectors in western Germany including the Rhineland, and Germany was not allowed to have a real army, navy, or air force.
1626:(1882–1963) organised armed resistance against the Spanish and French for control of Morocco. The Spanish had faced unrest off and on from the 1890s, but in 1921, Spanish forces were massacred at the
1521:
would be established in Palestine, and Jewish immigration allowed up to a limit that would be determined by the mandatory power. This led to increasing conflict with the Arab population, who openly
9243:
480:. The military deliberations and controversies characteristic of the interwar period would ultimately find resolution via the events of WWII, which served as a foundation for many of the tenets,
1883:
with Japan – which was joined by Italy a year later in 1937 – Hitler felt able to take the offensive in foreign policy. On 12 March 1938, German troops marched into Austria, where an
2159:. Corsica is a pistol pointed at the heart of Italy; Tunisia at Sicily. Malta and Cyprus constitute a threat to all our positions in the eastern and western Mediterranean. Greece, Turkey, and
2164:
European territorial nature except Albania, is first of all to break the bars of this prison ... Once the bars are broken, Italian policy can only have one motto—to march to the oceans.
1199:
in 1932, saying that Japan had genuine grievances, but it acted illegally in seizing the entire province. Japan quit the League, and Britain and France took no action. US Secretary of State
12090:
2290:
in Spain. Italy sought the control of the Balearic Islands due to its strategic position—Italy could use the islands as a base to disrupt the lines of communication between France and its
6887:
1566:
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genre flourished. A rejection of "Western universalist" influences was in vogue across Latin America. This last tendency was in part inspired by the translation into Spanish of the book
624:, leading to multiple clashes along the Soviet and Japanese occupied Manchurian border; fascist diplomacy, including the aggressive moves by Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany; the
2563:
730:
highlighted novel and highly visible social and cultural trends and innovations. These trends, made possible by sustained economic prosperity, were most visible in major cities like
2372:, failed to create a stable state. Albanian society was deeply divided by religion and language, with a border dispute with Greece and an undeveloped, rural economy. In 1939, Italy
3668:
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and their conservative allies stayed in power with lavish lifestyles thanks to an informal alliance with Britain who would protect them from both secular and Muslim radicalism.
7798:
1448:. In Britain, public opinion was divided over the morality of the massacre between those who saw it as having saved India from anarchy and those who viewed it with revulsion.
680:, which added cruisers and submarines to the list of ship allocations. However the refusal of Japan, Germany, Italy and the USSR to go along with this led to the meaningless
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919:. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s. However, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II.
2465:
Ethnic integration and assimilation was a major problem faced by the newly formed post-World War I Balkan states, which were compounded by historical differences. In the
2732:
616:
starting in 1929; the collapse of world trade; the collapse of democratic regimes one by one; the growth of efforts at economic autarky; Japanese aggressiveness toward
3033:
2302:. After the victory by Franco and the Nationalists in the war, Allied intelligence was informed that Italy was pressuring Spain to permit an Italian occupation of the
864:
continued apace, producing an expansion of output that lowered prices, and made many farm workers redundant. Often they moved to nearby industrial towns and cities.
5319:
Guedes, Claudia (2011). "'Changing the cultural landscape': English engineers, American missionaries, and the YMCA bring sports to Brazil–the 1870s to the 1930s".
1058:. Fascism in power meant that liberalism and human rights were discarded, and individual pursuits and values were subordinated to what the party decided was best.
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Cohrs, Patrick O. "The First ‘Real’ Peace Settlements after the First World War: Britain, the United States and the Accords of London and Locarno, 1923–1925."
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416:) in a bid to strengthen their own economies. The territorial ambitions of the Soviets, Japanese, Italians, and Germans led to the expansion of their domains.
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of that same year. The second convulsion, brought on by the worldwide depression and Germany's disastrous monetary policies, resulted in the further rise of
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Penny, H. Glenn (2017). "Material Connections: German Schools, Things, and Soft Power in Argentina and Chile from the 1880s through the Interwar Period".
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The Great Depression: An Inquiry into the Causes, Course, and Consequences of the Worldwide Depression of the Nineteen-1930s, As Seen by Contemporaries
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regarding Europe—was resolutely opposed to Japan and gave strong support to China. Meanwhile, the Japanese Army fared badly in large battles with the
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demanded parity with the United States, Britain and France, but was rejected and the conference kept the 1921 ratios. Japan was required to scrap a
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5803:(2nd ed.). – 25 chapters by experts; 845 pp; the first edition (1960) edited by David Thompson has the same title but numerous different chapters.
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915:). Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide GDP fell by an estimated 15%. By comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the
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Italy's stance towards Spain shifted between the 1920s and the 1930s. The Fascist regime in the 1920s held deep antagonism towards Spain due to
576:
gained dominance in world finance. Thus, when Germany could no longer afford war reparations to Britain, France and other former members of the
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2442:. French economic and political influence was predominant in the early 1920s but then Germany became more dominant, especially in the 1930s.
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provoked bitter indignation throughout Germany, and seriously weakened the new democratic regime. The Treaty stripped Germany of all of its
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Ideas viajeras y sus objetos. El intercambio científico entre Alemania y América austral. Madrid–Frankfurt am Main: Iberoamericana–Vervuert
1825:
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volunteers. The civil war did not escalate into a larger conflict, but did become a worldwide ideological battleground that pitted all the
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printed this map on 9 November 1919, of the armed conflicts in Central and Eastern Europe in 1919, one year after World War I had ended:
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Hoisington, William A. Jr. (1971). "The Struggle for Economic Influence in Southeastern Europe: The French Failure in Romania, 1940".
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in 1920. There were a few major countries that held out until after the Second World War (such as France, Switzerland, and Portugal).
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to make territorial gains. Together with the British Empire, it divided up Germany's territories scattered in the Pacific and on the
807:
2076:, the successor state to the Ottoman Empire, though he failed in an attempt to extract a mandate of a portion of Iraq from Britain.
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Chang, David Wen-wei (2003). "The Western Powers and Japan's Aggression in China: The League of Nations and 'The Lytton Report'".
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Minister Tsuyoshi tried to negotiate with China but was assassinated in the May 15 Incident in 1932, which ushered in an era of
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recognition, and the two signatories mutually agreed to cancel all pre-war debts and renounced war claims. In October 1925 the
1326:
1118:
556:, as well. There were numerous new or restored countries in Southern, Central, and Eastern Europe, some small in size, such as
540:
struggled to recover from the devastation of the First World War and the destabilising effects of not just the collapse of the
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announced that the United States would also not recognise Japan's conquest as legitimate. Germany welcomed Japan's actions.
1108:; they did not amount to very much. The other Allies pushed back hard against Japan's efforts to dominate China through the
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1935:
1317:, and full-scale civil war erupted. Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany gave munitions and strong military units to the rebel
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1275:, as the militarists turned their attention to the European colonies to the south which had urgently-needed oil fields.
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The month following the ratification of the Treaty of Lausanne, Mussolini ordered the invasion of the Greek island of
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Goebel, Michael (2009). "Decentring the German Spirit: The Weimar Republic's Cultural Relations with Latin America".
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1050:. Fascists believed in power, violence, male superiority, and a "natural" hierarchy, often led by dictators such as
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2590:(1933–1945) understood that the United States could not wholly oppose import substitution. Roosevelt implemented a
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troops, in return for reparations from Greece. The confrontation led Britain and Italy to resolve the question of
1242:
and supported by other right-wing societies. The IJA's nationalism ended civilian rule in Japan until after 1945.
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2481:. Redistribution of land led to social instability, with estate seizures generally benefiting Slavic Christians.
1608:
with 35.2 million in nine colonies. The total includes 1.9 million Europeans, and 350,000 "assimilated" natives.
1537:. The Irish Free State effectively broke all ties with Britain in 1937, leaving the Commonwealth and becoming an
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Liberalism, Fascism, Or Social Democracy: Social Classes and the Political Origins of Regimes in Interwar Europe
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5522:(1935) Essays by experts that cover France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Russia and the United States
5239:"El debate sobre "el embrujamiento alemán" y el papel de la ciencia alemana hacia fines del siglo XIX en Chile"
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played little role in this effort, with the United States and Britain taking the lead. U.S. Secretary of State
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Dietschy, Paul (2013). "Making football global? FIFA, Europe, and the non-European football world, 1912–74".
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of 1936. Naval disarmament had collapsed and the issue became rearming for a war against Germany and Japan.
260:, an unprecedented worldwide economic downturn that severely damaged many of the world's largest economies.
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5555:(2012) 244 pp; textbook, heavily illustrated with diagrams and contemporary photographs and colour posters.
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The Economic History of Eastern Europe 1919–1975: Volume II: Interwar Policy, The War, and Reconstruction
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Torres, Cesar R. (2006). "The Latin American 'Olympic Explosion' of the 1920s: causes and consequences".
2827:
2419:
2373:
1969:
1833:
1809:
1805:
1534:
668:
185:
167:
5464:
3146:
758:
peaked. For women, knee-length skirts and dresses became socially acceptable, as did bobbed hair with a
10465:
10188:
9913:
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9302:
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8314:
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8180:
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7249:
7167:
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6757:
6726:
6640:
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5993:
Asia after Versailles: Asian Perspectives on the Paris Peace Conference and the Interwar Order, 1919–33
3719:
3382:
Recasting Bourgeois Europe: Stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the Decade After World War I
2571:
2353:
accept an Italian representative on its board of directors. Italy opposed the French monopoly over the
2251:
1965:
1891:, he was greeted by loud cheers. Four weeks later, 99% of Austrians voted in favour of the annexation (
1728:
1700:
were demanded, especially by France, involving shipments of raw materials, as well as annual payments.
681:
629:
161:
156:
147:
2522:
2438:
recovered and the industry grew significantly, although about 80% of Romanians were still employed in
12060:
11977:
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11073:
10514:
10028:
9952:
9724:
9207:
8610:
8581:
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6856:
6787:
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6767:
6706:
6664:
6610:
6364:
6325:
2856:
2598:
2269:, against the Spanish government. With the rise of the left-wing Republican government replacing the
2227:
1487:
1433:
912:
515:
308:
279:, particularly in Germany and Italy. China was in the midst of a half-century of instability and the
115:
9199:
1079:
488:. Overall, the innovations of WWI and the interwar period would see a shift away from 'traditional'
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10703:
10663:
10653:
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9689:
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1896:
1820:
alliance with Mussolini's Italy, and sent massive military aid to Franco in the Spanish Civil War.
1441:
1421:
1407:
1310:
1247:
1212:
1122:
1071:
976:
in Germany gave way to two episodes of political and economic turmoil, the first culminated in the
641:
509:
141:
656:
region, and the last, desperate stages of rearmament as the Second World War increasingly loomed.
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10991:
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9982:
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9389:
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7560:
7081:
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6273:
2092:
2049:
1739:
1697:
1644:
1517:, which had been incorporated into the terms of the mandate, stated that a national home for the
1393:
1389:
1314:
1284:
1268:
673:
288:
3629:
1084:
12191:
11419:
11368:
11327:
11163:
11153:
10742:
10673:
10658:
10139:
10098:
10057:
9759:
9154:
9005:
8998:
8950:
8936:
8652:
8527:
8507:
8476:
8452:
8368:
8138:
8022:
7472:
7402:
7234:
6439:
6268:
2807:
2797:
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and allowed the nationalisation of some American companies in Latin America. Mexican President
2454:
2439:
2258:
2231:
2195:
1768:
1704:
1689:
1582:
1420:
as the government was still kept in control of British hands and feared another rebellion like
1334:
1239:
1150:
1134:
903:
861:
780:
565:
358:
334:
296:
152:
57:
4720:
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3523:
3484:
3406:
3132:
1416:
strongly supported the Empire in the First World War. It expected a reward, but failed to get
532:
on 11 November 1918 that ended World War I, the years 1918–1924 were marked by turmoil as the
388:
managed to regain control of Belarus and Ukraine, Central Asia, and the Caucasus, forming the
11874:
11696:
11485:
11434:
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11248:
11178:
10861:
10589:
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6519:
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5544:
Awkward dominion: American political, economic, and cultural relations with Europe, 1919–1933
5465:
Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present
4793:
4498:
3562:
3445:
3284:
McKercher, B. J. C. (1993). "The politics of naval arms limitation in Britain in the 1920s".
3186:
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2678:
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1685:
1231:
776:
664:
457:
63:
12008:
5801:
The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 12: The Shifting Balance of World Forces, 1898–1945
4346:
The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 12: The Shifting Balance of World Forces, 1898–1945
8:
12080:
11913:
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8869:
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8341:
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8010:
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7323:
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6792:
6539:
6469:
6412:
6329:
6155:
2812:
2694:
2670:
2653:
2622:
States grew all-over the Americas Germany concentrated its foreign policy efforts in the
2358:
2342:
2291:
1915:
1880:
1841:
1693:
1538:
1514:
1502:
1255:
1235:
1047:
947:
795:
710:
677:
432:
forces should be employed, particularly in-relation to the 'traditional' branches of the
425:
5503:
4344:
1919:
62:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
12040:
11962:
11736:
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10929:
10919:
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10159:
8775:
8309:
8297:
8252:
8210:
8106:
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7883:
7808:
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7783:
7763:
7758:
7753:
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7742:
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6645:
6549:
6333:
6285:
6280:
6183:
6173:
6130:
6122:
6027:
5920:
5858:
5760:
5523:
5371:
5336:
5301:
5219:
5179:
5055:
5047:
4969:"French Army breaks a one-day strike and stands on guard against a land-hungry Italy".
4042:
3999:
3266:
3034:"Interwar Airpower, Grand Strategy, and Military Innovation: Germany vs. Great Britain"
2787:
2715:
2610:
2458:
2435:
2423:
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2199:
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1914:
of September 1938, Hitler, the Italian leader Benito Mussolini, British Prime Minister
1860:
1837:
1724:
1656:
1605:
1589:
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1251:
1109:
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429:
378:
268:
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5952:
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5928:
5900:
2402:
2329:
issued demands for concessions in the Mediterranean by France, particularly regarding
2243:
1939:
608:; the relationships of the new countries to the old; the distrustful relations of the
11957:
11945:
11896:
11768:
11701:
11691:
11663:
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10909:
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10243:
10221:
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8861:
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8133:
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7964:
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7529:
7523:
7517:
7123:
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7033:
7021:
6982:
6951:
6524:
6499:
6479:
6459:
6449:
6339:
6321:
6290:
6223:
6140:
6114:
6058:
5875:
5783:
5711:
5409:
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3385:
3341:
3338:
Art Deco Complete: The Definitive Guide to the Decorative Arts of the 1920s and 1930s
3316:
3313:
Le Tumulte Noir: modernist art and popular entertainment in jazz-age Paris, 1900–1930
3229:
3192:
3165:
3064:
2665:
Sports became increasingly popular, drawing enthusiastic fans to large stadiums. The
2626:
countries where US influence was weaker and larger German communities were at place.
2555:
2502:
2470:
2330:
2278:
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2100:
1801:
1797:
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1299:
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828:
did especially well, while Eastern Europe did poorly, due to the First World War and
715:
660:
625:
617:
605:
533:
481:
453:
449:
280:
272:
233:
121:
101:
11288:
3249:
O'Connor, Raymond G. (1958). "The "Yardstick" and Naval Disarmament in the 1920's".
2357:
because, under the French-dominated Suez Canal Company, all merchant traffic to the
2266:
1195:. Britain and France effectively controlled the League of Nations, which issued the
654:
remilitarisation of the League of Nations demilitarised zone of the German Rhineland
11884:
11840:
11786:
11776:
11721:
11631:
11609:
11577:
10904:
10894:
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10436:
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10275:
10253:
10248:
10179:
9826:
9341:
9336:
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8724:
8701:
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8168:
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6238:
6228:
6163:
6135:
5771:
5594:
5363:
5328:
5293:
5211:
5171:
5039:
4317:
4101:
The Road to Pearl Harbor: The Coming of the War Between the United States and Japan
4034:
3741:
3293:
3258:
3056:
2844:
2822:
2782:
2752:
2642:
2450:
2365:
2346:
2303:
2283:
2274:
2247:
2235:
2160:
2045:
1911:
1876:
1829:
1627:
1593:
1495:
1463:
1374:
1322:
1259:
1200:
1093:
1051:
1038:
1023:
981:
899:
873:
784:
727:
697:
613:
586:
577:
421:
405:
397:
257:
225:
110:
89:
6007:
Writing the Great War – The Historiography of World War I from 1918 to the Present
5865:– 550 pp; wide-ranging political, social and economic coverage of Britain, 1910–35
5734:
The Ebbing of European Ascendancy: An International History of the World 1914–1945
705:
420:
the most effective use of these advancements. On land, discussions focused on how
11967:
11923:
11756:
11751:
11731:
11711:
11653:
11619:
11543:
11533:
11495:
11409:
11354:
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11103:
10951:
10946:
10924:
10844:
10798:
10555:
10509:
10407:
10384:
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9636:
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8673:
8517:
8379:
8347:
8144:
8070:
7852:
7679:
7669:
7360:
7355:
7349:
6941:
6529:
6317:
6300:
6145:
6066:
5751:
Mazower, Mark (1997), "Minorities and the League of Nations in interwar Europe",
5745:
5493:
The Social Democratic Moment: Ideas and Politics in the Making of Interwar Europe
5446:
5393:
5332:
5077:
4971:
3060:
2817:
2802:
2614:
2474:
2394:
2369:
2041:
1904:
1677:
1667:
1578:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1417:
1354:
1288:
1161:
1146:
1142:
1067:
1034:
989:
973:
931:
916:
701:
549:
401:
322:
253:
229:
12003:
4778:. Vol. 2 (New ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 184.
476:
would maintain their dominance of the seas or be rendered virtually obsolete by
12100:
11991:
11901:
11716:
11587:
11308:
11228:
11183:
11123:
11088:
10880:
10793:
10698:
10606:
10397:
10231:
10154:
9551:
9463:
9368:
8738:
8717:
8586:
8434:
8411:
8335:
8291:
8246:
8234:
6968:
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6504:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6464:
6454:
6369:
6312:
6205:
6168:
5699:
2681:
in Amsterdam had greatly increased participation from Latin American athletes.
2498:
2377:
2326:
2322:
2148:
2120:
2088:
2084:
1923:
1900:
1856:
1707:(January 1923). The German government encouraged the population of the Ruhr to
1597:
1483:
1459:
1445:
1188:
962:
857:
853:
649:
633:
553:
541:
537:
489:
485:
477:
318:
314:
292:
245:
131:
106:
5598:
5367:
5297:
5215:
3297:
2309:
2282:
Spain". Italy intervened in the civil war with the intention of occupying the
1428:
failed to satisfy demand for self-rule. Mounting tension, particularly in the
303:
was increasingly viewed negatively and independence movements emerged in many
12165:
11820:
11636:
11594:
11538:
11424:
11383:
11350:
11263:
11148:
11063:
11008:
10868:
10788:
10683:
10533:
10526:
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10265:
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9214:
9139:
9132:
9125:
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9014:
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7317:
7308:
7299:
7281:
7270:
7258:
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7050:
6600:
6399:
5413:
5389:
5175:
4321:
4264:
Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez and Decolonization
2623:
2065:
2053:
1927:
1817:
1429:
1196:
1180:
837:
788:
731:
719:
573:
545:
437:
413:
409:
326:
126:
11319:
10090:
5693:
Splintered Classes: Politics and the Lower Middle Classes in Interwar Europe
4312:
Sayer, Derek (1991). "British reaction to the Amritsar massacre 1919–1920".
3937:
1187:, an area in northeastern China that was controlled by the powerful warlord
12095:
12065:
11972:
11940:
11869:
11746:
11741:
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11548:
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11393:
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11098:
11003:
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10305:
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9095:
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7133:
7128:
6997:
6992:
6936:
6559:
6389:
6260:
6178:
5796:
5589:
Frieden, Jeff. "Sectoral conflict and foreign economic policy, 1914–1940".
5488:
4838:(Paperback ed.). Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 11.
2719:
2708:
2427:
2287:
2239:
2124:
1996:
1845:
1764:
1735:
1734:
Germany was the first state to establish diplomatic relations with the new
1705:
French and Belgian troops occupied the heavily industrialised Ruhr district
1680:" in Berlin: a jazz band plays for a tea dance at the hotel Esplanade, 1926
1631:
1506:
1498:
agreed to British terms of a military alliance and an assured flow of oil.
1471:
1313:
elements and the army revolted against the newly elected government of the
1306:
1222:
1138:
1055:
1019:
985:
883:
833:
609:
389:
237:
221:
4943:
Vital Crossroads: Mediterranean Origins of the Second World War, 1935–1940
4936:
4934:
4925:
The Road to Oran: Anglo-Franch Naval Relations, September 1939 – July 1940
4722:
Vital Crossroads: Mediterranean Origins of the Second World War, 1935–1940
4395:
4224:
The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume IV: The Twentieth Century
4108:
4038:
3785:
3020:"Military aircraft - Interwar, Developments, Technology | Britannica"
1851:
1783:
12045:
11928:
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10986:
10981:
10973:
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7011:
6544:
6422:
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6379:
6215:
4340:
3824:
2631:
2574:
began to specialise in long-term military occupation of these countries.
2547:
2494:
2473:
but also integrated states like Slovenia and Croatia, which were part of
2457:, the latter which was largely unsuccessful due to the inadequacy of the
1978:
1947:
1884:
1872:
1788:
1623:
1413:
935:
815:
645:
637:
612:
to the capitalist world; peace and disarmament efforts; responses to the
473:
300:
217:
5764:
4003:
2511:
1848:
began – somewhat sooner than the Nazis expected or were ready for.
1474:
following British guidance. Egypt joined the League of Nations. Egypt's
11933:
11378:
10769:
10757:
10727:
10693:
10633:
10315:
7334:
6838:
6307:
6031:
5483:
Authoritarianism and democracy in Europe, 1919–39: Comparative Analyses
5434:
5116:
The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898–1934
5051:
4931:
4475:
3270:
2637:
2354:
2338:
2156:
2057:
1864:
1720:
1350:
759:
581:
493:
445:
385:
362:
341:, chiefly Britain and France. The western parts of the Russian Empire,
284:
241:
6048:(1938) online free vol 1 vol 2 online free; all in English translation
4645:
How war came: the immediate origins of the Second World War, 1938–1939
4586:
Elz, Wolfgang (2009). "Foreign policy". In McElligott, Anthony (ed.).
2431:
1379:
640:
of Germany's expansionist moves against the German-speaking nation of
176:
11808:
11798:
11414:
11373:
11203:
11040:
10775:
10737:
10330:
10144:
7145:
7076:
6977:
6973:
6716:
6354:
6012:
Jacobson, Jon. "Is there a New International History of the 1920s?".
4500:
Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia
2871:
2382:
2313:
Italian newspaper in Tunisia that represented Italians living in the
2295:
2152:
2016:, which was a client state, was considered a territory to be annexed.
1946:
to Germany. Chamberlain was forced to acknowledge that his policy of
1943:
1892:
1821:
1570:
1399:
1362:
1346:
1342:
1192:
887:
849:
557:
441:
393:
354:
264:
11998:
7821:
6083:
3560:
3262:
1922:
agreed upon the cession of Sudeten territory to the German Reich by
11906:
11889:
11835:
11830:
11815:
11803:
11781:
11604:
11572:
11503:
11478:
11193:
10889:
10710:
10538:
10453:
10392:
10355:
8645:
8602:
6843:
6656:
6564:
6359:
5043:
4836:
Hitler And Spain: The Nazi Role In The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939
4199:
Hitler and Spain: The Nazi Role in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939
3801:
The Illusion of Peace: International Relations in Europe, 1918–1933
2747:
2220:
2187:
2179:
2108:
1549:
1403:
1358:
1264:
755:
751:
433:
412:
nationalised many foreign companies (most of which belonged to the
5810:(1955), 690pp; thorough scholarly coverage; emphasis on politics.
5704:
Till Time's Last Sand: A History of the Bank of England, 1694–2013
4063:
Modern Japan: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism
3928:
Fairbank, John K.; Reischauer, Edwin O.; Craig, Albert M. (1965).
2261:'s pro-French foreign policy. In 1926, Mussolini began aiding the
2020:
1611:
1557:
1505:, Britain was presented with the problem of mediating between the
1254:, which quickly spread to other major cities. There were numerous
11986:
11852:
11847:
11108:
10963:
10875:
6434:
6245:
5890:
The Triumph of the Dark: European International History 1933–1939
2453:
introduced new civil codes, constitutional changes and attempted
2238:
from France in return for Italian support against Germany in the
2212:
2208:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2136:
2013:
1887:
had been unsuccessful in 1934. When Austrian-born Hitler entered
1617:
1005:
763:
735:
520:
461:
370:
366:
346:
342:
276:
5883:
The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919–1933
4829:
4827:
4744:
4742:
3831:. Vol. 12: The Shifting Balance of World Forces, 1898–1945.
3162:
The "Golden" Twenties: Art and Literature in the Weimar Republic
3105:"Incubate Innovation: Aviation Lessons from the Interwar Period"
44:
11879:
11864:
11523:
11128:
4413:. et al. (5th ed Cengage Learning ed.). Cengage Learning.
4411:
The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History. Vol. 2: Since 1500
2647:
2203:
2096:
2073:
1934:
as a pretext for taking over the rest of Czechoslovakia as the
1931:
1888:
1510:
1357:, conservatives and fascists. Worldwide there was a decline in
1042:
992:
became an ever more assertive power, especially with regard to
922:
The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries both
803:
747:
743:
561:
350:
304:
6075:
Several large collections of primary sources and illustrations
5132:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 189–231.
4453:"Tableau 1 – évolution générale de la situation démographique"
3093:(M. Poli. Sci. thesis). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
3049:"Armored warfare: The British, French, and German experiences"
2692:
12050:
12015:
11918:
11641:
11528:
11513:
11093:
11083:
11078:
10550:
10545:
5567:
The Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 6, The Twentieth Century
4824:
4739:
4476:"Code Officiel Géographique – La IIIe République (1919–1940)"
4473:
4448:
3087:
Innovation, Wargaming, and the Development of Armored Warfare
2757:
2742:
2602:
2080:
1562:
943:
841:
739:
693:
249:
5530:
Interwar America: 1920–1940: Primary Sources in U.S. History
4629:
Hitler's foreign policy 1933–1939: The road to World War II.
4289:
Congress and the Raj: Facets of the Indian Struggle, 1917–47
1855:
Polish Army soldier holding last remaining part of a German
1271:
in summer 1939. The USSR was too powerful. Tokyo and Moscow
11518:
11223:
5473:
A Diplomatic History of Europe Since the Congress of Vienna
4639:
4637:
3715:
3598:
3596:
3482:
2992:. The National WWII Museum. 17 October 2023. Archived from
2469:
for instance, its most influential element was the pre-war
1592:
or islands in the South Pacific. The largest colonies were
1518:
659:
Disarmament was a very popular public policy. However, the
469:
5553:
Peacemaking, Peacekeeping: International Relations 1918–36
3923:
3921:
3919:
3525:
The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies 1897–1914
2056:. Mussolini resolved the question of sovereignty over the
762:. The young women who pioneered these trends were called "
1907:
minority was demanding equal rights and self-government.
1533:
policy was recognised in 1923 and formalised by the 1931
1383:
The Second British Empire at its territorial peak in 1921
845:
496:
and towards a significantly more mobile, mechanized, and
6009:(2020) free download; full coverage for major countries.
5575:
Feinstein, Charles H., Peter Temin, and Gianni Toniolo.
5502:(4th ed. 1928) sophisticated global coverage; 215 maps;
5130:
The Economic History of Latin America since Independence
4795:
Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918–1940
4634:
3593:
2940:
For a guide to the reliable sources see Jacobson (1983).
2550:
into Latin America. These included military presence in
1859:
bomber shot down by Poles over Warsaw when airplane was
11208:
5512:(2000) a comprehensive global political history; 816pp
3927:
3916:
3694:(3rd ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. p. 98.
2733:
International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
2103:, where Mussolini was convinced by Britain to evacuate
2011: Territories to be transformed into client states.
1844:
in September 1939. Britain and France declared war and
1365:
was imminent, and that it would be worth fighting for.
1129:
In 1930, the London disarmament conference angered the
30:"Between the Wars" redirects here. For other uses, see
6059:
wide range of diplomatic documents from many countries
5776:
A History of the Federal Reserve – Volume 1: 1913–1951
5668:
The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914–1991
5634:
Grift, Liesbeth van de, and Amalia Ribi Forclaz, eds.
5615:
A Short History of International Affairs, 1920 to 1934
2609:, fulfilling the hopes of many since the start of the
2361:
colony was forced to pay tolls on entering the canal.
1458:
since the 1880s, despite its nominal ownership by the
620:, occupying large amounts of Chinese land, as well as
8951:
Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks
6046:
Speeches and Documents On International Affairs Vol-I
5685:
The Twentieth-Century World: An International History
5643:
Encyclopedia of the Interwar Years: From 1919 to 1939
5398:(2nd revised ed.). London, New York: Routledge.
4496:
2707:
The interwar period ended in September 1939 with the
1406:
with the British and Dominion prime ministers at the
4964:
4962:
3740:
644:, the region inhabited by ethnic Germans called the
4861:
Spain and the Great Powers in the Twentieth Century
4655:
4653:
4126:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 262–76.
2960:"A Year After the Armistice—The Unsettled Disputes"
2349:, specifically demanding that the French-dominated
1989: Metropolitan Italy and dependent territories;
1703:When Germany defaulted on its reparation payments,
1368:
1149:and the military took more power, leading to rapid
456:was the primary contention, with some arguing that
361:became independent nations in their own right, and
5560:The Oxford Handbook of European History, 1914–1945
5435:Is there a New International History of the 1920s?
2064:, which formalised Italian administration of both
1141:. Extremists assassinated Japanese Prime Minister
622:border disputes between the Soviet Union and Japan
252:, and more became common among populations in the
6005:Cornelissen, Christoph, and Arndt Weinrich, eds.
4959:
3361:Price, S (1999). "What made the twenties roar?".
2687:Fédération Internationale de Football Association
2254:, in which Italy annexed Ethiopia to its empire.
2091:supported the move, noting that Corfu had been a
1246:factionalised. Large-scale warfare, known as the
307:; in Europe, after protracted low-level fighting
12163:
5967:(1935), focus on Europe, Middle East, Far East;
5827:The Press and Popular Culture in Interwar Europe
5481:Berg-Schlosser, Dirk, and Jeremy Mitchell, eds.
4748:
4691:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 170.
4650:
4266:. Palgrave Macmillan Limited. pp. 294–305.
3443:
3159:
2095:for four hundred years. The matter was taken by
1824:, considered to be a German state, in 1938, and
1490:since 1920, gained official independence as the
1388:States or Japan, Britain opted not to renew the
1293:
1225:of Beijing after capturing the city in July 1937
1206:
275:, at the end of WWI, and ended with the rise of
263:Politically, the era coincided with the rise of
5979:A History of the World in the Twentieth Century
5624:A History of the World in the Twentieth Century
5579:(Oxford UP, 2008), a standard scholarly survey.
5475:(1958), 736pp; a basic introduction, 1815–1955
4888:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 246.
4239:Aspects of British Political History, 1914–1995
3561:Derek Howard Aldcroft; Steven Morewood (2013).
1612:Revolt in North Africa against Spain and France
1596:with 26.8 million (in five separate colonies),
1183:—acting on its own without government approval—
832:. In advanced economies the prosperity reached
676:and the 1930 London Conference that led to the
630:invasion and occupation of Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
5841:East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars
5818:Murray, Williamson and Allan R. Millett, eds.
5551:Dailey, Andy, and David G. Williamson. (2012)
5500:The New World: Problems in Political Geography
4858:
4774:Millett, Allan R.; Murray, Williamson (2010).
4751:A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change
4725:. Cornell University Press. pp. 105–106.
4436:France overseas: a study of modern imperialism
4287:Low, Donald Anthony; Ray, Rajat Kanta (2006).
4103:. Princeton University Press. pp. 8–150.
3683:
3630:"Depression, You Say? Check Those Safety Nets"
1938:. In the same month, he secured the return of
1252:naval and infantry attacks focused on Shanghai
1088:Political map of the Asia-Pacific region, 1939
1076:List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan
1031:regimes emerged in Italy, Japan, and Germany.
969:such as mining and logging suffered the most.
11349:
11335:
10120:
10106:
10079:List of stock market crashes and bear markets
8618:
7837:
6888:
6672:
6099:
5462:Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds.
5321:International Journal of the History of Sport
5286:International Journal of the History of Sport
5127:
5082:. Oxford University Press. pp. 242–261.
4773:
4222:Brown, Judith; Louis, Wm Roger, eds. (1999).
3950:
3689:
3404:
2645:during the interwar period. In Argentina the
2321:After Great Britain signed the Anglo-Italian
1982:Ambitions of Fascist Italy in Europe in 1936.
961:were hit hard, especially those dependent on
256:. The era's indulgences were followed by the
5195:
5193:
4631:(2013), Originally published in two volumes.
3957:. Manchester University Press. p. 120.
3932:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 501–4.
3748:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 15.
3248:
2242:. This was refused by French Prime Minister
1814:Hitler's Germany remilitarised the Rhineland
5988:(1948) broad coverage of diplomacy of 1930s
5071:
5069:
4898:
4590:. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–77.
4335:
4333:
4331:
3842:Matera, Marc; Kent, Susan Kingsley (2017).
3690:Frank, Robert H.; Bernanke, Ben S. (2007).
3521:
3191:. Oxford University Press. pp. 52–58.
3160:Schrader, Bärbel; Schebera, Jürgen (1988).
2479:Albanian populations that faced persecution
1273:signed a nonaggression treaty in April 1941
1041:in 1922; as the Great Depression worsened,
452:versus dedicating such forces to frontline
11342:
11328:
10113:
10099:
8625:
8611:
7844:
7830:
6895:
6881:
6679:
6665:
6106:
6092:
5892:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
5885:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
5820:Military Innovation in the Interwar Period
5742:The Global 1930s: The International Decade
5382:
5230:
5203:Comparative Studies in Society and History
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5029:
4986:Tomes, Jason (2001). "The Throne of Zog".
4859:Balfour, Sebastian; Preston, Paul (1999).
4787:
4785:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4221:
4151:(2nd ed.). New York: Modern Library.
3871:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
3844:The Global 1930s: The International Decade
3841:
3658:
3621:
3411:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 449–50.
3053:Military Innovation in the Interwar Period
2434:railroad workshops. In the mid-1930s, the
2035: Captured during the Second World War
592:
9900:2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence
5897:Survey of International Affairs 1920–1923
5878:; wide-ranging survey of European history
5856:
5848:Eastern Europe Between The Wars 1918–1941
5620:
5190:
3283:
2916:Timeline of events preceding World War II
2877:Entertainment during the Great Depression
2169:Benito Mussolini, The March to the Oceans
1168:
472:sphere, the primary question was whether
444:. In the air, the question of allocating
5825:Newman, Sarah, and Matt Houlbrook, eds.
5698:
5665:
5593:42.1 (1988): 59-90; focus on US policy.
5577:The World Economy Between the World Wars
5510:The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s
5353:
5261:Sports Culture in Latin American History
5236:
5075:
5066:
4883:
4749:Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (1998).
4682:
4680:
4678:
4385:
4328:
4016:
3775:
3607:. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
3251:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
3228:. Boston: McGraw-Hill. pp. 70–248.
2325:in 1938, Mussolini and Foreign Minister
2308:
2226:In both 1932 and 1935, Italy demanded a
2019:
2005: Claimed territories to be annexed;
1977:
1850:
1782:
1671:
1556:
1548:
1398:
1378:
1216:
1155:
1083:
1013:
877:
709:
519:
175:
82:
12182:Former countries of the interwar period
5770:
5750:
5740:Matera, Marc, and Susan Kingsley Kent.
5258:
5146:
5004:
4940:
4833:
4791:
4782:
4718:
4705:
4535:
4408:
4360:
4196:
4174:The Comintern and the Spanish Civil War
4059:
3602:
3147:"How did WWI reshape the modern world?"
2957:
2921:Events preceding World War II in Europe
2368:, who had, in 1928, proclaimed himself
1258:against Chinese civilians, such as the
27:1918–1939 period between the World Wars
14:
12164:
9805:Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010
9575:South American economic crisis of 2002
9472:Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis)
5682:
5636:Governing the Rural in Interwar Europe
5318:
5283:
5159:
4945:. Cornell University. pp. 82–83.
4538:Weimar: Why did German Democracy Fail?
4286:
4146:
3627:
3483:Garrick Bailey; James Peoples (2013).
3335:
3083:
3046:
2897:Apocalypse: Never-Ending War 1918–1926
2364:Albanian Prime Minister and President
1836:with the Soviet Union in August 1939,
1758:
1191:. It created the puppet government of
999:
570:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
144:tension between the Poles and Germans.
11323:
10094:
9856:2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis
9812:2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis
9288:Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975
8606:
7851:
7825:
6876:
6660:
6113:
6087:
5731:
5388:
5199:
4985:
4686:
4675:
4560:
4339:
4311:
4261:
4121:
4080:from the original on 13 December 2019
3989:
3971:from the original on 17 November 2019
3891:
3866:
3823:
3798:
3708:
3659:Lowenstein, Roger (14 January 2015).
3581:from the original on 19 February 2017
3542:from the original on 19 February 2017
3503:from the original on 19 February 2017
3464:from the original on 15 December 2019
3425:from the original on 19 February 2017
3379:
3360:
3310:
3205:from the original on 22 November 2019
2958:Simonds, Frank H. (9 November 1919).
2926:Events preceding World War II in Asia
2852:Great Depression in the United States
2584:import substitution industrialisation
1327:Republican (or "Loyalist") government
11420:Post-classical history (Middle Ages)
9886:Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
9739:2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
9732:2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
9697:2000s U.S. housing market correction
9537:1998–2002 Argentine great depression
8632:
6686:
5969:Survey of International Affairs 1936
5965:Survey of International Affairs 1934
5957:Survey of International Affairs 1932
5949:Survey of International Affairs 1929
5941:Survey of International Affairs 1928
5933:Survey of International Affairs 1927
5925:Survey of International Affairs 1924
5917:Survey of International Affairs 1925
5913:Survey of International Affairs 1924
5675:Kaser, M. C. and E. A. Radice, eds.
4941:Salerno, Reynolds Mathewson (2002).
4812:from the original on 9 December 2019
4719:Salerno, Reynolds Mathewson (2002).
4171:
4098:
3930:East Asia: The Modern Transformation
3904:from the original on 25 October 2018
3671:from the original on 19 January 2018
3223:
3184:
3164:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2990:"Invasion of Poland, September 1939"
2970:from the original on 9 November 2019
2607:redistribution of a quantity of land
2506:
2408:
1903:, where the 3.5 million-strong
1812:that favoured returning to Germany,
1742:, Germany accorded the Soviet Union
1553:The French Empire from 1919 to 1949.
503:
38:
10043:2023–2024 Egyptian financial crisis
9878:Puerto Rican government-debt crisis
9871:2014–2016 Brazilian economic crisis
9244:1963–1965 Indonesian hyperinflation
9147:Shanghai rubber stock market crisis
8836:Dutch Republic stock market crashes
6621:History of the Mediterranean region
5808:Britain Between the Wars, 1918–1940
5652:(Cambridge University Press, 1938).
4901:The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
4661:The Origins of the Second World War
4585:
4563:Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy
4474:Statistique générale de la France.
4236:
3992:American Journal of Chinese Studies
3486:Essentials of Cultural Anthropology
3119:"Innovation for the Interwar Years"
2763:International relations (1919–1939)
2599:nationalised American oil companies
1936:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
1840:after Poland's refusal to cede the
1832:with Britain and France. Forming a
1804:, and began to rearm. Retaking the
1731:battled each other in the streets.
1684:The humiliating peace terms in the
867:
794:Most independent countries enacted
687:
599:International relations (1919–1939)
309:most of Ireland became independent.
24:
11389:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
9849:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
9753:2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis
9725:2008–2009 Russian financial crisis
9718:2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis
9413:1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis
8908:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
7199:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
6038:
5613:Gathorne-Hardy, Geoffrey Malcolm.
5456:
5263:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
5259:Sheinin, David M. K., ed. (2015).
5096:from the original on 17 April 2021
4863:. London: Routledge. p. 152.
4753:. London: Routledge. p. 467.
2773:Diplomatic history of World War II
2277:of the Nationalist faction in the
1899:. After Austria, Hitler turned to
1895:) of their country Austria to the
1661:
1061:
466:the bomber will always get through
25:
12203:
11304:Western European and Others Group
10036:2023 United States banking crisis
9842:2011 Bangladesh share market scam
9530:1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis
9494:Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
9420:Japanese asset price bubble crash
9361:Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash
9111:Australian banking crisis of 1893
8915:Dutch Republic financial collapse
6912:Commonwealth of Nations countries
6052:
5999:
5546:(Cornell University Press, 2018).
4517:from the original on 22 June 2016
4447:
4388:Three Kings in Baghdad, 1921–1958
4363:The Last Pharaoh: Farouk of Egypt
4241:. Psychology Press. p. 305.
4019:Manchuria under Japanese Dominion
3954:British Foreign Policy, 1919–1939
3759:"World Economic Survey 1932–33".
3718:. US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
3640:from the original on 1 March 2021
3628:Duhigg, Charles (23 March 2008).
3489:. Cengage Learning. p. 208.
2768:Diplomatic history of World War I
2641:held sway among intellectuals in
2024:Maximum extent of imperial Italy
1630:. El-Krim founded an independent
1361:and a growing sense that another
952:Unemployment in the United States
580:, the Americans came up with the
299:, and others faced challenges as
98:Baltic States War of Independence
32:Between the Wars (disambiguation)
8893:Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763
7971:1830s Chicago real estate bubble
7960:1810s Alabama real estate bubble
6606:Bibliography of European history
6201:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
6069:. Mount Holyoke College edition.
5657:Republican Ascendancy, 1921–1933
5520:The Foreign Policy of the Powers
4540:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
4201:. University Press of Kentucky.
3829:The New Cambridge Modern History
3803:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
3722:from the original on 3 June 2019
3226:Great Power Diplomacy Since 1914
2882:Timeline of the Great Depression
2702:
2541:
2510:
2151:. The guards of this prison are
1787:A Japanese poster promoting the
1544:
1369:Great Britain and British Empire
1179:In September 1931, the Japanese
404:gained independence. During the
60:of Portugal established in 1933.
43:
9618:2007 Chinese stock bubble crash
8944:Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
6908:recessions in the United States
6631:History of Western civilization
6234:Christianity in the Middle Ages
5905:Survey of International Affairs
5427:
5395:The Inter-war Crisis, 1919–1939
5347:
5312:
5277:
5252:
5163:Journal of Contemporary History
5121:
5108:
5079:Twisted Paths: Europe 1914–1945
5023:
4998:
4979:
4975:. 19 December 1938. p. 23.
4917:
4892:
4877:
4852:
4767:
4666:
4621:
4604:
4579:
4554:
4529:
4490:
4467:
4441:
4428:
4402:
4379:
4354:
4305:
4280:
4255:
4230:
4215:
4190:
4165:
4140:
4115:
4092:
4053:
4010:
3983:
3944:
3885:
3869:A History of Fascism, 1914–1945
3860:
3835:
3817:
3792:
3769:
3752:
3734:
3652:
3564:The European Economy Since 1914
3554:
3515:
3476:
3437:
3408:A Companion to Europe 1900–1945
3398:
3373:
3354:
3329:
3304:
3277:
3242:
3217:
3178:
3153:
3139:
3084:Carter, Daniel S. (June 2005).
2793:European interwar dictatorships
2667:International Olympic Committee
2111:in 1924, which was merged into
1622:The Berber independence leader
1010:European interwar dictatorships
798:in the interwar era, including
464:, and others maintaining that "
132:Petliura: Ukrainian directorate
9999:Chinese property sector crisis
9907:2015–2016 stock market selloff
9835:August 2011 stock markets fall
9746:2008–2011 Irish banking crisis
9443:1990s Swedish financial crisis
9192:Weimar Republic hyperinflation
8163:Western Australian gold rushes
6475:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
6418:Christianity in the modern era
6189:Christianity in late antiquity
5843:(U of Washington Press, 2017).
5834:The Inter-War Crisis 1919–1939
5736:. Oxford UP. pp. 121–342.
5584:The InterWar Years (1919–1939)
5128:Bulmer-Thomas, Victor (2003).
4903:. W. W. Norton & Company.
4886:The Oxford Handbook of Fascism
4565:. Princeton University Press.
4497:Alexander Mikaberidze (2011).
3567:. Routledge. pp. 44, 46.
3450:. Nelson Thornes. p. 20.
3384:. Princeton University Press.
3125:
3111:
3097:
3077:
3040:
3026:
3012:
2982:
2951:
2891:Political history of the world
2867:Cities in the Great Depression
2862:Causes of the Great Depression
2315:French protectorate of Tunisia
1602:French protectorate in Morocco
1470:, though it continued to be a
1175:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
1131:Imperial Japanese Armed Forces
267:, starting in Russia with the
148:Romanian occupation of Hungary
13:
1:
10072:List of sovereign debt crises
10014:2022 Russian financial crisis
9711:2008 Latvian financial crisis
9704:U.S. bear market of 2007–2009
9582:Stock market downturn of 2002
9523:1998 Russian financial crisis
9376:1983 Israel bank stock crisis
6626:History of the European Union
6073:"Britain 1919 to the present"
6044:Keith, Arthur Berridale, ed.
5537:Contemporary European History
5248:(in Spanish). pp. 29–40.
4899:Mearsheimer, John J. (2003).
4612:The Coming of the Third Reich
4262:Louis, William Roger (2006).
3746:Farm Prices, Myth and Reality
3447:Mussolini and Italian Fascism
2944:
2491:Republic of China (1912–1949)
2178:, the Fascist regime claimed
2072:, in return for a payment to
1974:History of Greece (1923–1940)
1294:Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)
1250:, began in August 1937, with
1207:Towards the conquest of China
1102:Allies of the First World War
978:German hyperinflation of 1923
911:of 29 October 1929 (known as
544:, but the destruction of the
9774:Greek government-debt crisis
9611:2004 Argentine energy crisis
9568:2001 Turkish economic crisis
9457:1990s Armenian energy crisis
9450:1990s Finnish banking crisis
9311:1976 British currency crisis
9281:1973–1974 stock market crash
8592:U.S. higher education bubble
8503:Chinese stock bubble of 2007
8465:United States housing bubble
8459:2000s Danish property bubble
8441:Baltic states housing bubble
8217:Second Nova Scotia Gold Rush
5986:Munich: Prologue To Tragedy,
5650:Foreign Affairs 1919 to 1937
5621:Grenville, J. A. S. (2000).
5333:10.1080/09523367.2011.627200
4017:Yamamuro, Shin'ichi (2006).
3692:Principles of Macroeconomics
3661:"Economic History Repeating"
3061:10.1017/CBO9780511601019.002
2910:Timeline of the 20th century
2903:
2605:. Cárdenas also oversaw the
2135:The bars of this prison are
1918:, and French Prime Minister
1426:Government of India Act 1919
1392:and instead signed the 1922
1092:The Japanese modelled their
862:mechanisation of agriculture
7:
9930:2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis
9596:2003 Myanmar banking crisis
9589:2002 Uruguay banking crisis
9509:1997 Asian financial crisis
9436:1991 Indian economic crisis
9428:Rhode Island banking crisis
9398:Cameroonian economic crisis
9184:Early Soviet hyperinflation
8797:Crisis of the Third Century
8429:Japanese asset price bubble
8417:New Zealand property bubble
8386:New Zealand property bubble
8315:Third Nova Scotia Gold Rush
8083:First Nova Scotia Gold Rush
7654:1997 Asian financial crisis
7287:Civil War-era United States
6585:Russian invasion of Ukraine
6196:Crisis of the Third Century
5846:Seton-Watson, Hugh. (1945)
5780:University of Chicago Press
5683:Keylor, William R. (2001).
5569:(1989) pp 53–153, 217–340.
4884:Bosworth, R. J. B. (2009).
4834:Whealey, Robert H. (2005).
4687:Smith, Dennis Mack (1981).
4197:Whealey, Robert H. (2005).
4027:Journal of Japanese Studies
4021:. U. of Pennsylvania Press;
3405:Gordon Martel, ed. (2011).
3047:Murray, Williamson (1996).
2725:
2546:The United States launched
2374:invaded and annexed Albania
2263:Catalan separatist movement
2040:In 1922, the leader of the
1970:Italian invasion of Albania
1950:towards Hitler had failed.
1806:Territory of the Saar Basin
1185:seized control of Manchuria
959:Cities all around the world
886:opened by Chicago gangster
836:households and many in the
669:Washington Naval Conference
564:, and some larger, such as
220:(WWI) to the beginning of
186:history of the 20th century
168:Turkish War of Independence
10:
12208:
12187:Chronology of World War II
12056:Asia and the Pacific Group
9961:Sri Lankan economic crisis
9819:Energy crisis in Venezuela
9798:2009 Dubai debt standstill
9648:2007–2008 financial crisis
9303:Latin American debt crisis
9066:Paris Bourse crash of 1882
8546:Australian property bubble
8181:Tierra del Fuego gold rush
8065:Colorado River mining boom
8005:Queen Charlottes Gold Rush
7430:Post–World War I recession
7250:Post-Napoleonic Depression
6641:Military history of Europe
6636:Maritime history of Europe
6014:American Historical Review
5860:The Reign of King George V
5666:Hobsbawm, Eric J. (1994).
5591:International Organization
5439:American Historical Review
5005:Fischer, Bernd J. (1999).
4792:Burgwyn, James H. (1997).
4536:Kershaw, Ian, ed. (1990).
4434:Herbert Ingram Priestley,
4122:Payne, Stanley G. (1970).
4066:. Routledge. p. 143.
4060:Huffman, James L. (2013).
3867:Payne, Stanley G. (1995).
3846:. Routledge. p. 192.
3776:Mitchell, Broadus (1947).
3528:. Routledge. p. 281.
3380:Maier, Charles D. (1975).
2838:1930–45 in Western fashion
2601:, out of which he created
2488:
2413:
2252:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2029: Pre-Second World War
1966:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
1963:
1957:
1772:
1762:
1665:
1654:
1650:
1615:
1576:
1509:and increasing numbers of
1440:surged and centred in the
1372:
1297:
1282:
1210:
1172:
1065:
1003:
950:plunged by more than 50%.
871:
691:
682:Second London Naval Treaty
596:
536:continued to rage on, and
513:
507:
460:development was outpacing
329:were dismantled, with the
157:Italian Regency of Carnaro
155:seizes Fiume, creates the
29:
12061:Asia Cooperation Dialogue
12026:
11792:Southern/Eastern/Northern
11767:
11672:
11494:
11445:Asian and Pacific Theatre
11402:
11361:
11074:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
11054:
10972:
10809:
10644:
10515:Standard Average European
10383:
10212:
10132:
10052:
10029:2022 stock market decline
10021:Pakistani economic crisis
10007:2021–2023 inflation surge
9953:Lebanese liquidity crisis
9922:Venezuelan hyperinflation
9914:Brexit stock market crash
9863:Venezuela economic crisis
9785:
9635:
9625:Zimbabwean hyperinflation
9335:
9253:
9224:
9208:Wall Street Crash of 1929
9171:
9048:2nd Industrial Revolution
9046:
8982:
8882:1st Industrial Revolution
8880:
8807:
8785:
8640:
8582:Social media stock bubble
8567:
8516:
8395:
8357:
8324:
8268:
8124:2nd Industrial Revolution
8122:
8017:New South Wales gold rush
7985:
7938:1st Industrial Revolution
7936:
7897:
7859:
7668:
7604:
7549:
7503:
7418:
7340:2nd Industrial Revolution
7333:
7280:
7273:(1836–1838 and 1839–1843)
7189:1st Industrial Revolution
7187:
7156:
6957:Price-and-wage stickiness
6918:
6852:
6831:
6740:
6707:Wall Street Crash of 1929
6694:
6611:Genetic history of Europe
6593:
6398:
6214:
6154:
6121:
6024:Pacific Historical Review
5872:A Broken World, 1919–1939
5599:10.1017/S002081830000713X
5368:10.1017/S1740022813000223
5356:Journal of Global History
5298:10.1080/09523360600832320
5237:Sanhueza, Carlos (2011).
5216:10.1017/S0010417517000159
5076:Gerwarth, Robert (2007).
5032:Journal of Modern History
5007:Albania at War, 1939–1945
4409:Bulliet, Richard (2010).
4386:De Gaury, Gerald (1961).
3603:Garraty, John A. (1986).
3444:Hamish Macdonald (1998).
3336:Duncan, Alastair (2009).
3298:10.1080/09592299308405895
2857:European interwar economy
2660:
2376:as a separate kingdom in
2228:League of Nations mandate
1960:Fascist Italy (1922–1943)
1715:, which also damaged the
967:primary sector industries
882:Unemployed men outside a
516:European interwar economy
116:North Russia intervention
12177:Aftermath of World War I
11214:Lancaster House Treaties
10704:Christian existentialism
10664:Ancient Roman philosophy
10654:Ancient Greek philosophy
9690:Subprime mortgage crisis
9353:Brazilian hyperinflation
9325:Brazilian hyperinflation
9162:Financial crisis of 1914
8870:Mississippi bubble crash
8483:Canadian property bubble
8471:Romanian property bubble
8310:1930s Kakamega gold rush
8101:Vermilion Lake gold rush
7621:1990s United States boom
7409:Financial crisis of 1914
6079:Primary source documents
5991:Zachmann, Urs Matthias.
5981:(1968) pp. 301–530.
5857:Somervell, D.C. (1936).
5558:Doumanis, Nicholas, ed.
5528:Clark, Linda Darus, ed.
5176:10.1177/0022009408101249
4616:The Third Reich in Power
4503:. ABC-CLIO. p. 15.
4237:Lee, Stephen J. (1996).
3898:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3286:Diplomacy and Statecraft
2934:
2833:1920s in Western fashion
2828:Second Thirty Years' War
2738:Aftermath of World War I
2643:Spanish-speaking America
2588:Roosevelt administration
2484:
2459:country's banking system
2182:and held ambitions over
2129:Grand Council of Fascism
1953:
1871:After establishing the "
1826:took over Czechoslovakia
1604:, with 5.4 million, and
1408:1926 Imperial Conference
1278:
1248:Second Sino-Japanese War
1213:Second Sino-Japanese War
1123:Racial Equality Proposal
1072:Japanese colonial empire
510:Aftermath of World War I
337:redistributed among the
216:days) – from the end of
10992:Equality before the law
10199:Romano-Germanic culture
10065:List of economic crises
9983:2020 stock market crash
9976:Financial market impact
9945:Turkish economic crisis
9560:9/11 stock market crash
9516:October 1997 mini-crash
9487:1994 bond market crisis
9479:Yugoslav hyperinflation
9390:Savings and loan crisis
8991:European potato failure
8534:Lebanese housing bubble
8495:Lebanese housing bubble
8489:Chinese property bubble
8423:Spanish property bubble
8280:1920s Florida land boom
8205:Cripple Creek Gold Rush
8193:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
8134:1870s Lapland gold rush
8029:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
7436:Depression of 1920–1921
7368:Depression of 1882–1885
7282:Early Victorian Britain
7017:Real and nominal values
6712:Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
6616:History of Christianity
5984:Wheeler-Bennett, John.
5672:– a view from the Left.
5471:Albrecht-Carrié, René.
5445:3 November 2020 at the
4798:. Praeger. p. 68.
4561:Weitz, Eric D. (2013).
3665:The Wall Street Journal
3340:. Thames & Hudson.
2629:The contrary ideals of
2234:and a free hand in the
2050:Prime Minister of Italy
1394:Washington Naval Treaty
1390:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
1315:Second Spanish Republic
1285:Second Spanish Republic
1269:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
902:was a severe worldwide
674:Geneva Naval Conference
593:International relations
289:Chinese Communist Party
11472:Middle Eastern Theatre
11450:Middle Eastern Theatre
11369:Cradle of civilization
11154:Eastern European Group
10743:Continental philosophy
10674:Judeo-Christian ethics
10659:Hellenistic philosophy
10140:Cradle of civilization
10058:List of banking crises
9827:Syrian economic crisis
9760:Blue Monday Crash 2009
9369:Chilean crisis of 1982
9200:Shōwa financial crisis
9006:Highland Potato Famine
8862:South Sea bubble crash
8653:Commodity price shocks
8528:2000s commodities boom
8508:Uranium bubble of 2007
8477:Polish property bubble
8453:2000s commodities boom
8369:1970s commodities boom
8139:Coromandel Gold Rushes
8023:Australian gold rushes
7541:Recession of 1969–1970
7536:Recession of 1960–1961
7495:Recession of 1937–1938
6727:Recession of 1937–1938
6440:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6020:Sontag, Raymond James.
5869:Sontag, Raymond James.
5542:Costigliola, Frank C.
5441:88.3 (1983): 617–645.
4776:Military Effectiveness
4390:. London: Hutchinson.
4361:McLeave, Hugh (1970).
4322:10.1093/past/131.1.130
4124:The Spanish Revolution
4099:Feis, Herbert (1960).
3951:Paul W. Doerr (1998).
3892:Soucy, Robert (2015).
3780:. New York: Rinehart.
2808:Interbellum Generation
2798:Interwar United States
2778:Causes of World War II
2519:This section is empty.
2430:and the strike in the
2318:
2292:North African colonies
2259:Miguel Primo de Rivera
2196:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2172:
2037:
2017:
1868:
1838:Germany invaded Poland
1822:Germany seized Austria
1808:in the aftermath of a
1792:
1769:Causes of World War II
1681:
1600:with 6.6 million, the
1583:French colonial empire
1574:
1554:
1535:Statute of Westminster
1410:
1384:
1335:International Brigades
1256:large-scale atrocities
1240:Imperial Japanese Army
1226:
1169:Japan seizes Manchuria
1165:
1151:democratic backsliding
1135:Imperial Japanese Navy
1119:Paris Peace Conference
1089:
1080:Statism in Shōwa Japan
1027:
1018:Cheering crowds greet
895:
825:
781:National Fascist Party
723:
530:Armistice of Compiègne
525:
181:
173:
54:is missing information
11697:Vietnamese philosophy
11435:Industrial Revolution
11274:Three Seas Initiative
11249:Pacific Islands Forum
11114:British–Irish Council
10862:Greek Orthodox Church
10321:Industrial Revolution
10291:Scientific Revolution
9383:Black Saturday (1983)
9237:Kennedy Slide of 1962
8809:Commercial revolution
8552:Cryptocurrency bubble
8540:Corporate debt bubble
8447:Irish property bubble
8229:Mount Baker gold rush
8151:Black Hills gold rush
8053:Similkameen Gold Rush
8047:Pennsylvania oil rush
8035:Pike's Peak gold rush
7927:Bengal Bubble of 1769
7899:Commercial revolution
7874:Irrational exuberance
7659:Early 2000s recession
7626:Early 1990s recession
7578:Early 1980s recession
7158:Commercial revolution
7056:Nominal interest rate
6520:Industrial Revolution
6016:88.3 (1983): 617–645.
5806:Mowat, Charles Loch.
5732:Marks, Sally (2002).
5724:Luebbert, Gregory M.
5630:Online free to borrow
5477:online free to borrow
4643:Donald Cameron Watt,
4627:Gerhard L. Weinberg,
4351:– 25 chapters; 845 pp
4176:. London: Macmillan.
4149:The Spanish Civil War
4147:Thomas, Hugh (2001).
4039:10.1353/jjs.2008.0027
3799:Marks, Sally (1976).
3224:Rich, Norman (2003).
2592:Good Neighbour policy
2467:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
2383:annexation of Austria
2345:in the Suez Canal in
2312:
2133:
2023:
1981:
1964:Further information:
1854:
1786:
1780:along with the Jews.
1773:Further information:
1675:
1561:Place de Varsovie in
1560:
1552:
1451:Egypt had been under
1402:
1382:
1220:
1159:
1114:occupation of Siberia
1087:
1017:
881:
820:
713:
524:Map of Europe in 1923
523:
514:Further information:
179:
86:
11269:Special Relationship
10679:Christian philosophy
10624:Western Christianity
10286:Age of Enlightenment
10160:Hellenistic Kingdoms
9937:Ghana banking crisis
9767:European debt crisis
9552:Dot-com bubble crash
9464:Cuban Special Period
8923:Copper Panic of 1789
8828:The Great Debasement
8820:Great Bullion Famine
8223:Kobuk River Stampede
8157:Colorado Silver Boom
8089:West Coast gold rush
8041:Rock Creek Gold Rush
7999:California gold rush
7225:Copper Panic of 1789
6575:European debt crisis
6570:European integration
6510:Age of Enlightenment
6350:Republic of Florence
6065:7 March 2021 at the
6022:"Between the Wars".
5977:Watt, D. C. et al.,
5839:Rothschild, Joseph.
5710:. pp. 290–376.
5586:(2014), brief survey
4365:. New York: McCall.
4172:Carr, E. H. (1984).
4033:(1): 109–114. 2007.
3742:Cochrane, Willard W.
3605:The Great Depression
3522:Leslie Hume (2016).
3315:. Penn State Press.
3311:Blake, Jody (1999).
3185:Todd, Allan (2001).
2679:1928 Summer Olympics
2675:1924 Summer Olympics
1686:Treaty of Versailles
1637:Spanish Nationalists
1539:independent republic
1432:, culminated in the
1221:Japanese march into
1160:Zhang Xueliang with
1037:took control of the
787:after threatening a
783:came to power under
766:". Not all was new:
665:Charles Evans Hughes
484:, and strategies of
11727:Buddhist philosophy
11687:Japanese philosophy
11430:Early modern period
11294:West Nordic Council
11159:Eastern Partnership
10748:Analytic philosophy
10449:Classical tradition
10271:Early modern period
10227:Classical antiquity
10222:European Bronze Age
9893:2015 Nepal blockade
9603:2000s energy crisis
9501:Mexican peso crisis
9406:Black Monday (1987)
9266:1970s energy crisis
9226:Post–WWII expansion
8900:Bengal bubble crash
8695:Financial contagion
8359:The Great Inflation
8342:Porcupine Gold Rush
8326:Post–WWII expansion
8304:Porcupine Gold Rush
8286:Fairbanks Gold Rush
8259:Porcupine Gold Rush
8241:Fairbanks Gold Rush
8011:Victorian gold rush
7976:Chilean silver rush
7889:Stock market bubble
7561:1973–1975 recession
7505:Post–WWII expansion
7179:Great Frost of 1709
7007:Neutrality of money
6988:Classical dichotomy
6904:Economic expansions
6540:Revolutions of 1848
6470:Early modern France
6251:Anglo-Saxon England
6156:Classical antiquity
6026:29.1 (1960): 1–17,
5782:. pp. 90–545.
5641:Grossman, Mark ed.
5495:(Harvard UP, 2009).
5114:Lester D. Langley,
4425:excerpt pp. 774–845
3036:. 28 February 2018.
2813:Greatest Generation
2671:international sport
2654:Decline of the West
2548:minor interventions
2391:Victor Emmanuel III
2359:Italian East Africa
2343:sphere of influence
2337:and the French-run
2265:, which was led by
2093:Venetian possession
1916:Neville Chamberlain
1885:attempted Nazi coup
1881:Anti-Comintern Pact
1863:in September 1939 (
1842:Free City of Danzig
1834:non-aggression pact
1759:Nazi era, 1933–1939
1639:would launch their
1515:Balfour Declaration
1468:formal independence
1319:Nationalist faction
1267:in Mongolia at the
1048:cultural liberalism
1000:The rise of fascism
948:international trade
904:economic depression
768:"normalcy" returned
678:London Naval Treaty
494:front-based warfare
331:Ottoman territories
164:fighting in Albania
153:Gabriele D'Annunzio
127:Denikin: White Army
12111:EAEU Customs Union
12041:Arab Customs Union
11963:Oriental Orthodoxy
11737:Islamic philosophy
11707:Iranian philosophy
11682:Chinese philosophy
10753:Post-structuralism
10716:Christian humanism
10346:Universal suffrage
9155:Panic of 1910–1911
8999:Great Irish Famine
8937:Panic of 1796–1797
8776:Stock market crash
8298:Cobalt silver rush
8253:Cobalt silver rush
8211:Klondike Gold Rush
8107:Kildonan Gold Rush
8095:Big Bend Gold Rush
7954:Carolina gold rush
7915:Mississippi bubble
7884:Real-estate bubble
7743:COVID-19 recession
7403:Panic of 1910–1911
7235:Panic of 1796–1797
7061:Real interest rate
7029:Economic expansion
6646:Crusading movement
6550:Russian Revolution
6385:Hundred Years' War
6281:Maritime republics
6184:Early Christianity
6174:Hellenistic period
6131:Paleolithic Europe
5744:(Routledge, 2017)
5728:(Oxford UP, 1991).
5627:. pp. 77–254.
5617:(Oxford UP, 1952).
5565:Duus, Peter, ed.,
5562:(Oxford UP, 2016).
5539:12.1 (2003): 1-31.
5518:Cambon, Jules, ed
4614:(2005) and Evans,
4610:Richard J. Evans,
4314:Past & Present
3634:The New York Times
3149:. 9 November 2018.
3133:"The Great Debate"
2788:European Civil War
2716:invasion of Poland
2611:Mexican Revolution
2564:Dominican Republic
2554:, Panama with the
2424:Kingdom of Romania
2399:fascist government
2351:Suez Canal Company
2319:
2113:Italian Somaliland
2105:Royal Italian Army
2070:Dodecanese Islands
2062:Treaty of Lausanne
2038:
2018:
1879:, and signing the
1869:
1793:
1709:passive resistance
1682:
1657:History of Germany
1606:French West Africa
1590:French West Indies
1575:
1555:
1438:Indian nationalism
1411:
1385:
1227:
1166:
1110:Twenty-One Demands
1094:industrial economy
1090:
1028:
909:stock market crash
896:
806:held out longer),
724:
526:
269:October Revolution
204:September 1939 (20
200:November 1918 to 1
182:
180:Boundaries in 1920
174:
12159:
12158:
11958:Eastern Orthodoxy
11702:Indian philosophy
11692:Korean philosophy
11486:Post–Cold War era
11317:
11316:
11144:Council of Europe
11046:International law
10999:Constitutionalism
10857:Eastern Orthodoxy
10363:Post–Cold War era
10296:Age of Revolution
10150:Greco-Roman world
10088:
10087:
9969:COVID-19 pandemic
8854:Tulip mania crash
8845:Kipper und Wipper
8822:(c. 1400–c. 1500)
8600:
8599:
8558:Everything bubble
8207:(c. 1890–c. 1910)
8187:Cayoosh Gold Rush
8177:(c. 1880–c. 1930)
8165:(c. 1880–c. 1900)
8147:(c. 1870–c. 1890)
8145:Cassiar Gold Rush
8141:(c. 1870–c. 1890)
8113:Omineca Gold Rush
8077:Cariboo Gold Rush
8059:Stikine Gold Rush
7995:(c. 1840–c. 1850)
7965:Georgia Gold Rush
7950:(c. 1790–c. 1810)
7853:Financial bubbles
7819:
7818:
7530:Recession of 1958
7524:Recession of 1953
7518:Recession of 1949
7215:Thirteen Colonies
7022:Velocity of money
6952:Paradox of thrift
6870:
6869:
6654:
6653:
6580:COVID-19 pandemic
6525:French Revolution
6500:Habsburg monarchy
6480:Cossack Hetmanate
6460:Portuguese Empire
6450:Absolute monarchy
6445:Thirty Years' War
6340:Holy Roman Empire
6265:Bulgarian Empire
6224:Early Middle Ages
6141:Bronze Age Europe
6115:History of Europe
5907:annual 1920–1937
5772:Meltzer, Allan H.
5604:Garraty, John A.
5582:Freeman, Robert.
5485:(Springer, 2002).
5405:978-1-1381-379-36
5270:978-0-8229-6337-0
5089:978-0-1992-8185-5
4805:978-0-275-94877-1
4672:Lowe, pp. 191–199
4597:978-0-19-928007-0
4572:978-0-691-15796-2
4438:(1938) pp 440–41.
4073:978-1-135-63490-2
3853:978-0-415-73830-9
3778:Depression Decade
3762:League of Nations
3701:978-0-07-319397-7
3363:Scholastic Update
3347:978-0-500-23855-4
3070:978-0-521-55241-7
3055:. pp. 6–49.
2718:and the start of
2677:in Paris and the
2572:U.S. Marine Corps
2570:(1912–1933). The
2566:(1916–1924), and
2556:Panama Canal Zone
2539:
2538:
2503:Chinese Civil War
2471:Kingdom of Serbia
2422:destabilised the
2409:Regional patterns
2405:was established.
2331:French Somaliland
2296:British Gibraltar
2279:Spanish Civil War
2101:League of Nations
1912:Munich Conference
1861:killing civilians
1802:Versailles Treaty
1798:League of Nations
1775:German rearmament
1753:League of Nations
1748:Treaty of Locarno
1740:Treaty of Rapallo
1690:overseas colonies
1527:Jewish insurgency
1507:Palestinian Arabs
1434:Amritsar Massacre
1321:, led by General
1300:Spanish Civil War
1164:in November 1930.
1100:Japan joined the
854:electric lighting
830:Russian Civil War
810:in 1918, and the
716:Douglas Fairbanks
661:League of Nations
626:Spanish Civil War
606:League of Nations
534:Russian Civil War
504:Turmoil in Europe
454:close air support
450:strategic bombing
291:. The empires of
281:Chinese Civil War
273:Russian Civil War
246:electric lighting
234:economic mobility
137:Polish–Soviet War
102:Russian Civil War
81:
80:
16:(Redirected from
12199:
11978:Eastern Churches
11722:Hindu philosophy
11344:
11337:
11330:
11321:
11320:
11189:EU Customs Union
10721:Secular humanism
10669:Christian ethics
10619:East–West Schism
10602:Physical culture
10326:Great Divergence
10276:Age of Discovery
10115:
10108:
10101:
10092:
10091:
10081:
10074:
10067:
10060:
10045:
10038:
10031:
10024:
10016:
10009:
10002:
9992:
9985:
9978:
9971:
9964:
9956:
9948:
9940:
9932:
9925:
9917:
9909:
9902:
9895:
9888:
9881:
9873:
9866:
9858:
9851:
9844:
9837:
9830:
9822:
9814:
9807:
9800:
9776:
9769:
9762:
9755:
9748:
9741:
9734:
9727:
9720:
9713:
9706:
9699:
9692:
9685:
9678:
9671:
9664:
9657:
9650:
9628:
9620:
9613:
9606:
9598:
9591:
9584:
9577:
9570:
9563:
9555:
9547:
9539:
9532:
9525:
9518:
9511:
9504:
9496:
9489:
9482:
9474:
9467:
9459:
9452:
9445:
9438:
9431:
9423:
9415:
9408:
9401:
9393:
9385:
9378:
9371:
9364:
9356:
9342:Great Regression
9337:Great Moderation
9328:
9320:
9313:
9306:
9298:
9290:
9283:
9276:
9269:
9246:
9239:
9217:
9210:
9203:
9195:
9187:
9164:
9157:
9150:
9142:
9135:
9128:
9121:
9113:
9106:
9099:
9091:
9083:
9075:
9068:
9061:
9039:
9031:
9024:
9017:
9008:
9001:
8994:
8975:
8968:
8961:
8954:
8946:
8939:
8932:
8925:
8918:
8910:
8903:
8895:
8873:
8865:
8857:
8849:
8839:
8831:
8823:
8800:
8778:
8771:
8764:
8755:
8748:
8741:
8734:
8727:
8725:Liquidity crisis
8720:
8713:
8704:
8702:Social contagion
8697:
8690:
8683:
8676:
8669:
8662:
8655:
8648:
8634:Financial crises
8627:
8620:
8613:
8604:
8603:
8402:Great Regression
8397:Great Moderation
8374:Mexican oil boom
8169:Indiana gas boom
7921:South Sea bubble
7879:Social contagion
7846:
7839:
7832:
7823:
7822:
7611:Great Regression
7606:Great Moderation
7452:Great Depression
7441:Roaring Twenties
6962:Underconsumption
6932:Effective demand
6923:Aggregate demand
6897:
6890:
6883:
6874:
6873:
6722:Effect in cities
6688:Great Depression
6681:
6674:
6667:
6658:
6657:
6515:Great Divergence
6430:Age of Discovery
6375:Late Middle Ages
6345:High Middle Ages
6256:Byzantine Empire
6239:Christianization
6229:Migration Period
6164:Classical Greece
6136:Neolithic Europe
6108:
6101:
6094:
6085:
6084:
5864:
5793:
5767:
5737:
5721:
5688:
5671:
5628:
5508:Brendon, Piers.
5498:Bowman, Isaiah.
5450:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5351:
5345:
5344:
5327:(17): 2594–608.
5316:
5310:
5309:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5243:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5197:
5188:
5187:
5157:
5144:
5143:
5125:
5119:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5002:
4996:
4995:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4938:
4929:
4928:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4789:
4780:
4779:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4746:
4737:
4736:
4716:
4703:
4702:
4684:
4673:
4670:
4664:
4657:
4648:
4641:
4632:
4625:
4619:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4558:
4552:
4551:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4445:
4439:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4337:
4326:
4325:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4226:. pp. 1–46.
4219:
4213:
4212:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4022:
4014:
4008:
4007:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3925:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3716:"Commodity Data"
3712:
3706:
3705:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3600:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3188:The Modern World
3182:
3176:
3175:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2964:New-York Tribune
2955:
2845:Great Depression
2823:Interwar Belgium
2783:Interwar Britain
2753:Roaring Twenties
2579:Great Depression
2534:
2531:
2521:You can help by
2514:
2507:
2447:Albanian Kingdom
2436:Romanian economy
2420:Great Depression
2304:Balearic Islands
2284:Balearic Islands
2275:Francisco Franco
2271:Spanish monarchy
2248:Abyssinia Crisis
2236:Ethiopian Empire
2170:
2048:, was appointed
2046:Benito Mussolini
2034:
2028:
2010:
2004:
1994:
1988:
1920:Édouard Daladier
1877:Benito Mussolini
1873:Rome-Berlin Axis
1830:Munich Agreement
1789:Axis cooperation
1645:Spanish Republic
1628:Battle of Annual
1594:French Indochina
1523:revolted in 1936
1464:Kingdom of Egypt
1375:Interwar Britain
1323:Francisco Franco
1260:Nanjing massacre
1201:Henry L. Stimson
1052:Benito Mussolini
1039:Kingdom of Italy
1024:Benito Mussolini
982:Beer Hall Putsch
900:Great Depression
874:Great Depression
868:Great Depression
802:in 1917 (though
796:women's suffrage
785:Benito Mussolini
779:. In Italy, the
777:Marxism–Leninism
773:Soviet communism
728:Roaring Twenties
698:Roaring Twenties
688:Roaring Twenties
614:Great Depression
587:Roaring Twenties
550:Austro-Hungarian
500:form of combat.
434:regular infantry
406:Great Depression
375:chose to reunify
323:Austro-Hungarian
258:Great Depression
226:Roaring Twenties
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:) lasted from 11
122:Kolchak: Siberia
90:New-York Tribune
76:
73:
67:
47:
39:
21:
18:Inter-war period
12207:
12206:
12202:
12201:
12200:
12198:
12197:
12196:
12172:Interwar period
12162:
12161:
12160:
12155:
12028:
12022:
11763:
11732:Jain philosophy
11712:Buddhist ethics
11668:
11490:
11457:Interwar period
11410:Ancient history
11398:
11357:
11348:
11318:
11313:
11279:UKUSA Agreement
11219:Lublin Triangle
11104:Baltic Assembly
11056:
11050:
10968:
10805:
10640:
10510:Eurolinguistics
10379:
10368:Information age
10341:Interwar period
10208:
10128:
10119:
10089:
10084:
10077:
10070:
10063:
10056:
10048:
10041:
10034:
10027:
10019:
10012:
10005:
9997:
9988:
9981:
9974:
9967:
9959:
9951:
9943:
9935:
9928:
9920:
9912:
9905:
9898:
9891:
9884:
9876:
9869:
9861:
9854:
9847:
9840:
9833:
9825:
9817:
9810:
9803:
9796:
9789:
9787:Information Age
9781:
9772:
9765:
9758:
9751:
9744:
9737:
9730:
9723:
9716:
9709:
9702:
9695:
9688:
9681:
9674:
9667:
9660:
9653:
9646:
9639:
9637:Great Recession
9631:
9623:
9616:
9609:
9601:
9594:
9587:
9580:
9573:
9566:
9558:
9550:
9542:
9535:
9528:
9521:
9514:
9507:
9499:
9492:
9485:
9477:
9470:
9462:
9455:
9448:
9441:
9434:
9426:
9418:
9411:
9404:
9396:
9388:
9381:
9374:
9367:
9359:
9351:
9344:
9340:
9331:
9323:
9318:1979 oil crisis
9316:
9309:
9301:
9293:
9286:
9279:
9274:1973 oil crisis
9272:
9264:
9257:
9255:Great Inflation
9249:
9242:
9235:
9228:
9220:
9213:
9206:
9198:
9190:
9182:
9175:
9173:Interwar period
9167:
9160:
9153:
9145:
9138:
9131:
9124:
9116:
9109:
9102:
9094:
9086:
9078:
9071:
9064:
9057:
9050:
9042:
9034:
9027:
9020:
9013:
9004:
8997:
8989:
8978:
8971:
8964:
8957:
8949:
8942:
8935:
8928:
8921:
8913:
8906:
8898:
8891:
8884:
8876:
8868:
8860:
8852:
8842:
8834:
8826:
8818:
8811:
8803:
8795:
8781:
8774:
8767:
8760:
8751:
8744:
8737:
8730:
8723:
8716:
8709:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8679:
8674:Currency crisis
8672:
8665:
8658:
8651:
8644:
8636:
8631:
8601:
8596:
8563:
8520:
8518:Information Age
8512:
8404:
8400:
8391:
8380:Silver Thursday
8361:
8353:
8348:Poseidon bubble
8328:
8320:
8272:
8270:Interwar period
8264:
8126:
8118:
8071:Otago gold rush
7981:
7940:
7932:
7901:
7893:
7855:
7850:
7820:
7815:
7680:Great Recession
7672:
7670:Information Age
7664:
7613:
7609:
7600:
7553:
7551:Great Inflation
7545:
7507:
7499:
7422:
7420:Interwar period
7414:
7350:Long Depression
7342:
7338:
7329:
7289:
7285:
7276:
7191:
7183:
7160:
7152:
7117:U.S. recessions
7112:U.K. recessions
7044:U.S. expansions
6914:
6901:
6871:
6866:
6848:
6827:
6736:
6690:
6685:
6655:
6650:
6589:
6555:Interwar period
6530:Napoleonic Wars
6394:
6365:Mongol invasion
6318:Crown of Aragon
6210:
6150:
6146:Iron Age Europe
6117:
6112:
6067:Wayback Machine
6055:
6041:
6039:Primary sources
6002:
5895:Toynbee, A. J.
5888:Steiner, Zara.
5881:Steiner, Zara.
5790:
5718:
5700:Kynaston, David
5687:(4th ed.).
5659:(1960) for USA
5655:Hicks, John D.
5648:Hasluck, E. L.
5459:
5457:Further reading
5454:
5453:
5447:Wayback Machine
5433:Jon Jacobson, "
5432:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5406:
5387:
5383:
5352:
5348:
5317:
5313:
5292:(7): 1088–111.
5282:
5278:
5271:
5257:
5253:
5241:
5235:
5231:
5198:
5191:
5158:
5147:
5140:
5126:
5122:
5113:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5090:
5074:
5067:
5028:
5024:
5017:
5003:
4999:
4984:
4980:
4968:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4939:
4932:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4911:
4897:
4893:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4832:
4825:
4815:
4813:
4806:
4790:
4783:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4717:
4706:
4699:
4685:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4658:
4651:
4642:
4635:
4626:
4622:
4609:
4605:
4598:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4511:
4495:
4491:
4481:
4479:
4472:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4446:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4421:
4407:
4403:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4359:
4355:
4349:(2nd ed.).
4338:
4329:
4316:(131): 130–64.
4310:
4306:
4299:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4235:
4231:
4220:
4216:
4209:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4145:
4141:
4134:
4120:
4116:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4074:
4058:
4054:
4024:
4015:
4011:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3965:
3949:
3945:
3926:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3840:
3836:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3797:
3793:
3774:
3770:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3601:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3575:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3543:
3536:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3497:
3481:
3477:
3467:
3465:
3458:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3419:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3378:
3374:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3309:
3305:
3282:
3278:
3263:10.2307/1889320
3247:
3243:
3236:
3222:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3199:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3158:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3045:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3022:. 24 June 2024.
3018:
3017:
3013:
2999:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2932:
2906:
2818:Interwar Poland
2803:Lost Generation
2728:
2705:
2700:
2698:
2663:
2615:Platt Amendment
2596:Lázaro Cárdenas
2544:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2505:
2489:Main articles:
2487:
2475:Austria-Hungary
2416:
2411:
2403:Shefqet Vërlaci
2389:. Italian King
2370:King of Albania
2286:and creating a
2244:Édouard Herriot
2232:German Cameroon
2171:
2168:
2042:Italian Fascist
2036:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1976:
1962:
1956:
1800:, rejected the
1777:
1771:
1763:Main articles:
1761:
1694:Alsace–Lorraine
1678:Golden Twenties
1670:
1668:Weimar Republic
1664:
1662:Weimar Republic
1659:
1653:
1620:
1614:
1585:
1579:Interwar France
1577:Main articles:
1547:
1511:Jewish settlers
1492:Kingdom of Iraq
1462:. In 1922, the
1456:British control
1446:Mohandas Gandhi
1418:self-government
1377:
1371:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1289:Francoist Spain
1283:Main articles:
1281:
1265:Soviet Red Army
1215:
1209:
1177:
1171:
1162:Chiang Kai-shek
1147:May 15 Incident
1143:Inukai Tsuyoshi
1082:
1068:Empire of Japan
1066:Main articles:
1064:
1062:Empire of Japan
1026:in Munich, 1938
1012:
1004:Main articles:
1002:
980:and the failed
974:Weimar Republic
946:dropped, while
932:Personal income
917:Great Recession
876:
870:
708:
702:Golden Twenties
692:Main articles:
690:
601:
595:
554:Ottoman Empires
518:
512:
506:
408:, countries in
384:In Russia, the
335:German colonies
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
190:interwar period
172:
77:
71:
68:
61:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12205:
12195:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12157:
12156:
12154:
12153:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12101:Easternization
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12032:
12030:
12024:
12023:
12021:
12020:
12019:
12018:
12013:
12012:
12011:
12006:
11996:
11995:
11994:
11984:
11983:
11982:
11981:
11980:
11975:
11965:
11960:
11955:
11954:
11953:
11938:
11937:
11936:
11931:
11926:
11911:
11910:
11909:
11904:
11902:Zoroastrianism
11894:
11893:
11892:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11867:
11857:
11856:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11844:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11813:
11812:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11795:
11794:
11773:
11771:
11765:
11764:
11762:
11761:
11760:
11759:
11754:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11717:Islamic ethics
11714:
11709:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11678:
11676:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11650:
11649:
11644:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11623:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11591:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11570:
11569:
11568:
11558:
11553:
11552:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11500:
11498:
11492:
11491:
11489:
11488:
11483:
11482:
11481:
11476:
11475:
11474:
11469:
11459:
11454:
11453:
11452:
11447:
11437:
11432:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11406:
11404:
11400:
11399:
11397:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11365:
11363:
11359:
11358:
11347:
11346:
11339:
11332:
11324:
11315:
11314:
11312:
11311:
11309:Westernization
11306:
11301:
11296:
11291:
11289:Visegrád Group
11286:
11281:
11276:
11271:
11266:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11241:
11236:
11231:
11229:Nordic Council
11226:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11186:
11181:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11124:Bucharest Nine
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11089:Arctic Council
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11060:
11058:
11052:
11051:
11049:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11037:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11001:
10996:
10995:
10994:
10984:
10978:
10976:
10970:
10969:
10967:
10966:
10961:
10956:
10955:
10954:
10949:
10944:
10939:
10934:
10933:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10887:
10886:
10885:
10884:
10883:
10873:
10872:
10871:
10866:
10865:
10864:
10854:
10853:
10852:
10842:
10841:
10840:
10815:
10813:
10807:
10806:
10804:
10803:
10802:
10801:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10780:
10779:
10767:
10766:
10765:
10755:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10735:
10730:
10725:
10724:
10723:
10718:
10708:
10707:
10706:
10699:Existentialism
10696:
10691:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10650:
10648:
10642:
10641:
10639:
10638:
10637:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10611:
10610:
10609:
10599:
10598:
10597:
10592:
10582:
10581:
10580:
10570:
10565:
10564:
10563:
10558:
10553:
10543:
10542:
10541:
10531:
10530:
10529:
10519:
10518:
10517:
10512:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10487:
10486:
10485:
10475:
10470:
10469:
10468:
10458:
10457:
10456:
10446:
10445:
10444:
10434:
10429:
10428:
10427:
10417:
10412:
10411:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10389:
10387:
10381:
10380:
10378:
10377:
10376:
10375:
10370:
10360:
10359:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10263:
10258:
10257:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10236:
10235:
10234:
10232:Late antiquity
10224:
10218:
10216:
10210:
10209:
10207:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10185:
10184:
10183:
10182:
10177:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10147:
10142:
10136:
10134:
10130:
10129:
10118:
10117:
10110:
10103:
10095:
10086:
10085:
10083:
10082:
10075:
10068:
10061:
10053:
10050:
10049:
10047:
10046:
10039:
10032:
10025:
10023:(2022–present)
10017:
10010:
10003:
10001:(2020–present)
9995:
9994:
9993:
9986:
9979:
9965:
9963:(2019–present)
9957:
9955:(2019–present)
9949:
9947:(2018–present)
9941:
9933:
9926:
9918:
9910:
9903:
9896:
9889:
9882:
9874:
9867:
9865:(2013–present)
9859:
9852:
9845:
9838:
9831:
9829:(2011–present)
9823:
9821:(2010–present)
9815:
9808:
9801:
9793:
9791:
9790:(2009–present)
9783:
9782:
9780:
9779:
9778:
9777:
9770:
9763:
9756:
9749:
9742:
9735:
9728:
9721:
9714:
9707:
9700:
9693:
9686:
9679:
9672:
9665:
9658:
9655:September 2008
9643:
9641:
9633:
9632:
9630:
9629:
9627:(2007–present)
9621:
9614:
9607:
9599:
9592:
9585:
9578:
9571:
9564:
9556:
9548:
9540:
9533:
9526:
9519:
9512:
9505:
9497:
9490:
9483:
9475:
9468:
9460:
9453:
9446:
9439:
9432:
9424:
9416:
9409:
9402:
9394:
9386:
9379:
9372:
9365:
9357:
9348:
9346:
9333:
9332:
9330:
9329:
9321:
9314:
9307:
9299:
9291:
9284:
9277:
9270:
9261:
9259:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9247:
9240:
9232:
9230:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9218:
9211:
9204:
9196:
9188:
9179:
9177:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9158:
9151:
9143:
9136:
9129:
9122:
9114:
9107:
9100:
9092:
9084:
9076:
9069:
9062:
9054:
9052:
9044:
9043:
9041:
9040:
9032:
9025:
9018:
9011:
9010:
9009:
9002:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8976:
8969:
8962:
8955:
8947:
8940:
8933:
8926:
8919:
8917:(c. 1780–1795)
8911:
8904:
8896:
8888:
8886:
8878:
8877:
8875:
8874:
8866:
8858:
8850:
8840:
8838:(c. 1600–1760)
8832:
8824:
8815:
8813:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8792:
8790:
8783:
8782:
8780:
8779:
8772:
8765:
8758:
8757:
8756:
8749:
8742:
8735:
8721:
8718:Hyperinflation
8714:
8707:
8706:
8705:
8691:
8684:
8677:
8670:
8663:
8656:
8649:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8630:
8629:
8622:
8615:
8607:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8594:
8589:
8587:Unicorn bubble
8584:
8579:
8574:
8568:
8565:
8564:
8562:
8561:
8555:
8549:
8543:
8537:
8531:
8524:
8522:
8521:(2007–present)
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8492:
8486:
8480:
8474:
8468:
8462:
8456:
8450:
8449:(c. 2000–2007)
8444:
8438:
8435:Dot-com bubble
8432:
8426:
8420:
8414:
8412:1980s oil glut
8408:
8406:
8393:
8392:
8390:
8389:
8388:(c. 1980–1982)
8383:
8377:
8371:
8365:
8363:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8351:
8345:
8344:(1945–c. 1960)
8339:
8338:(1945–c. 1950)
8336:Texas oil boom
8332:
8330:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8318:
8312:
8307:
8301:
8300:(1918–c. 1930)
8295:
8292:Texas oil boom
8289:
8288:(1918–c. 1930)
8283:
8282:(c. 1920–1925)
8276:
8274:
8266:
8265:
8263:
8262:
8256:
8250:
8247:Texas oil boom
8244:
8243:(c. 1900–1918)
8238:
8235:Nome Gold Rush
8232:
8231:(1897–c. 1925)
8226:
8220:
8214:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8178:
8172:
8171:(c. 1880–1903)
8166:
8160:
8154:
8148:
8142:
8136:
8130:
8128:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8116:
8110:
8104:
8098:
8092:
8086:
8080:
8074:
8068:
8062:
8056:
8050:
8044:
8038:
8032:
8026:
8020:
8014:
8013:(1851–c. 1870)
8008:
8002:
7996:
7989:
7987:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7973:
7968:
7967:(1828–c. 1840)
7962:
7957:
7951:
7944:
7942:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7930:
7924:
7918:
7912:
7905:
7903:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7860:
7857:
7856:
7849:
7848:
7841:
7834:
7826:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7799:United Kingdom
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7731:United Kingdom
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7676:
7674:
7673:(2007–present)
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7656:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7644:
7642:United Kingdom
7639:
7634:
7623:
7617:
7615:
7602:
7601:
7599:
7598:
7597:
7596:
7591:
7589:United Kingdom
7586:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7566:United Kingdom
7557:
7555:
7547:
7546:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7527:
7521:
7515:
7511:
7509:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7485:
7483:United Kingdom
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7426:
7424:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7406:
7400:
7394:
7388:
7385:
7379:
7373:
7370:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7356:United Kingdom
7346:
7344:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7321:
7315:
7312:
7306:
7303:
7297:
7293:
7291:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7268:
7265:
7262:
7256:
7253:
7247:
7244:
7241:
7238:
7232:
7222:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7195:
7193:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7164:
7162:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7063:
7058:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6971:
6969:Business cycle
6966:
6965:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6947:Overproduction
6944:
6939:
6934:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6900:
6899:
6892:
6885:
6877:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6864:
6859:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6818:United Kingdom
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6744:
6742:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6691:
6684:
6683:
6676:
6669:
6661:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6505:Russian Empire
6502:
6497:
6495:British Empire
6492:
6490:Dutch Republic
6487:
6485:Swedish Empire
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6465:Spanish Empire
6462:
6457:
6455:Ottoman Empire
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6415:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6370:Serbian Empire
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6218:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6206:Late antiquity
6203:
6198:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6169:Roman Republic
6166:
6160:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6127:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6111:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6070:
6054:
6053:External links
6051:
6050:
6049:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6017:
6010:
6001:
6000:Historiography
5998:
5997:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5975:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5866:
5854:
5844:
5837:
5836:(2nd ed. 2007)
5830:
5823:
5815:
5814:
5804:
5794:
5789:978-0226520001
5788:
5768:
5748:
5738:
5729:
5722:
5717:978-1408868560
5716:
5696:
5691:Koshar, Rudy.
5689:
5680:
5673:
5663:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5618:
5611:
5602:
5587:
5580:
5573:
5563:
5556:
5548:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5516:
5506:
5496:
5486:
5479:
5469:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5426:
5404:
5381:
5362:(2): 279–298.
5346:
5311:
5276:
5269:
5251:
5229:
5210:(3): 519–549.
5189:
5170:(2): 221–245.
5145:
5138:
5120:
5107:
5088:
5065:
5044:10.1086/240652
5038:(3): 468–482.
5022:
5015:
4997:
4978:
4958:
4951:
4930:
4916:
4909:
4891:
4876:
4869:
4851:
4844:
4823:
4804:
4781:
4766:
4759:
4738:
4731:
4704:
4697:
4674:
4665:
4649:
4633:
4620:
4603:
4596:
4588:Weimar Germany
4578:
4571:
4553:
4546:
4528:
4509:
4489:
4466:
4440:
4427:
4420:978-1439084755
4419:
4401:
4378:
4371:
4353:
4327:
4304:
4297:
4279:
4272:
4254:
4247:
4229:
4214:
4207:
4189:
4182:
4164:
4157:
4139:
4132:
4114:
4091:
4072:
4052:
4009:
3982:
3963:
3943:
3915:
3884:
3877:
3859:
3852:
3834:
3827:, ed. (1968).
3816:
3809:
3791:
3768:
3751:
3733:
3707:
3700:
3682:
3651:
3620:
3613:
3592:
3573:
3553:
3534:
3514:
3496:978-1285415550
3495:
3475:
3456:
3436:
3417:
3397:
3390:
3372:
3353:
3346:
3328:
3321:
3303:
3276:
3257:(3): 441–463.
3241:
3234:
3216:
3197:
3177:
3170:
3152:
3138:
3124:
3110:
3096:
3076:
3069:
3039:
3025:
3011:
2996:on 11 May 2024
2981:
2966:. p. 26.
2949:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2913:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2704:
2701:
2691:
2662:
2659:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2517:
2515:
2499:Nanjing decade
2486:
2483:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2395:Albanian crown
2387:Czechoslovakia
2378:personal union
2327:Galeazzo Ciano
2323:Easter Accords
2267:Francesc Macià
2230:of the former
2166:
2085:Corfu incident
2031:
2025:
2007:
2001:
1991:
1985:
1958:Main article:
1955:
1952:
1924:Czechoslovakia
1905:Sudeten German
1901:Czechoslovakia
1857:Heinkel He 111
1760:
1757:
1717:French economy
1713:hyperinflation
1666:Main article:
1663:
1660:
1655:Main article:
1652:
1649:
1616:Main article:
1613:
1610:
1598:French Algeria
1546:
1543:
1484:Mandatory Iraq
1460:Ottoman Empire
1442:Congress Party
1373:Main article:
1370:
1367:
1298:Main article:
1295:
1292:
1280:
1277:
1211:Main article:
1208:
1205:
1189:Zhang Xueliang
1173:Main article:
1170:
1167:
1063:
1060:
1001:
998:
963:heavy industry
872:Main article:
869:
866:
689:
686:
667:sponsored the
650:Czechoslovakia
634:Horn of Africa
597:Main article:
594:
591:
542:Russian Empire
538:Eastern Europe
528:Following the
508:Main article:
505:
502:
486:modern warfare
478:naval aviation
327:German Empires
171:
170:
165:
159:
150:
145:
139:
134:
129:
124:
120:White Army of
118:
113:
104:
94:
79:
78:
72:September 2024
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12204:
12193:
12192:Periodization
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12178:
12175:
12173:
12170:
12169:
12167:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12033:
12031:
12025:
12017:
12014:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12001:
12000:
11997:
11993:
11990:
11989:
11988:
11985:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11970:
11969:
11966:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11952:
11949:
11948:
11947:
11944:
11943:
11942:
11939:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11921:
11920:
11917:
11916:
11915:
11912:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11899:
11898:
11895:
11891:
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11866:
11863:
11862:
11861:
11858:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11818:
11817:
11814:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11793:
11790:
11789:
11788:
11785:
11784:
11783:
11780:
11779:
11778:
11775:
11774:
11772:
11770:
11766:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11749:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11679:
11677:
11675:
11671:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11639:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11607:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11575:
11574:
11571:
11567:
11564:
11563:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11506:
11505:
11502:
11501:
11499:
11497:
11493:
11487:
11484:
11480:
11477:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11464:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11442:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11427:
11426:
11425:Modern period
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11407:
11405:
11401:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11366:
11364:
11360:
11356:
11352:
11351:Eastern world
11345:
11340:
11338:
11333:
11331:
11326:
11325:
11322:
11310:
11307:
11305:
11302:
11300:
11297:
11295:
11292:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11254:PROSUR/PROSUL
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11232:
11230:
11227:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11190:
11187:
11185:
11182:
11180:
11177:
11175:
11172:
11170:
11167:
11165:
11162:
11160:
11157:
11155:
11152:
11150:
11149:Craiova Group
11147:
11145:
11142:
11140:
11137:
11135:
11132:
11130:
11127:
11125:
11122:
11120:
11117:
11115:
11112:
11110:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11064:ABCANZ Armies
11062:
11061:
11059:
11053:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11006:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10993:
10990:
10989:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10979:
10977:
10975:
10971:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10912:
10911:
10908:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10892:
10891:
10888:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10877:
10874:
10870:
10869:Protestantism
10867:
10863:
10860:
10859:
10858:
10855:
10851:
10848:
10847:
10846:
10843:
10839:
10835:
10832:
10831:
10830:
10827:
10826:
10825:
10822:
10821:
10820:
10817:
10816:
10814:
10812:
10808:
10800:
10797:
10796:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10789:Sovereigntism
10787:
10785:
10782:
10778:
10777:
10773:
10772:
10771:
10768:
10764:
10761:
10760:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10713:
10712:
10709:
10705:
10702:
10701:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10692:
10690:
10687:
10685:
10684:Scholasticism
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10647:
10643:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10616:
10615:
10612:
10608:
10605:
10604:
10603:
10600:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10583:
10579:
10576:
10575:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10548:
10547:
10544:
10540:
10537:
10536:
10535:
10532:
10528:
10525:
10524:
10523:
10520:
10516:
10513:
10511:
10508:
10507:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10484:
10481:
10480:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10467:
10464:
10463:
10462:
10459:
10455:
10452:
10451:
10450:
10447:
10443:
10440:
10439:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10426:
10423:
10422:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10395:
10394:
10391:
10390:
10388:
10386:
10382:
10374:
10373:War on terror
10371:
10369:
10366:
10365:
10364:
10361:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10274:
10272:
10269:
10268:
10267:
10266:Modern period
10264:
10262:
10259:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10241:
10240:
10237:
10233:
10230:
10229:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10219:
10217:
10215:
10211:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10172:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10152:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10141:
10138:
10137:
10135:
10131:
10127:
10123:
10122:Western world
10116:
10111:
10109:
10104:
10102:
10097:
10096:
10093:
10080:
10076:
10073:
10069:
10066:
10062:
10059:
10055:
10054:
10051:
10044:
10040:
10037:
10033:
10030:
10026:
10022:
10018:
10015:
10011:
10008:
10004:
10000:
9996:
9991:
9987:
9984:
9980:
9977:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9958:
9954:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9938:
9934:
9931:
9927:
9923:
9919:
9915:
9911:
9908:
9904:
9901:
9897:
9894:
9890:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9872:
9868:
9864:
9860:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9846:
9843:
9839:
9836:
9832:
9828:
9824:
9820:
9816:
9813:
9809:
9806:
9802:
9799:
9795:
9794:
9792:
9788:
9784:
9775:
9771:
9768:
9764:
9761:
9757:
9754:
9750:
9747:
9743:
9740:
9736:
9733:
9729:
9726:
9722:
9719:
9715:
9712:
9708:
9705:
9701:
9698:
9694:
9691:
9687:
9684:
9680:
9677:
9676:December 2008
9673:
9670:
9669:November 2008
9666:
9663:
9659:
9656:
9652:
9651:
9649:
9645:
9644:
9642:
9638:
9634:
9626:
9622:
9619:
9615:
9612:
9608:
9604:
9600:
9597:
9593:
9590:
9586:
9583:
9579:
9576:
9572:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9553:
9549:
9545:
9541:
9538:
9534:
9531:
9527:
9524:
9520:
9517:
9513:
9510:
9506:
9502:
9498:
9495:
9491:
9488:
9484:
9480:
9476:
9473:
9469:
9465:
9461:
9458:
9454:
9451:
9447:
9444:
9440:
9437:
9433:
9429:
9425:
9421:
9417:
9414:
9410:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9395:
9391:
9387:
9384:
9380:
9377:
9373:
9370:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9354:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9338:
9334:
9326:
9322:
9319:
9315:
9312:
9308:
9304:
9300:
9296:
9292:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9278:
9275:
9271:
9267:
9263:
9262:
9260:
9256:
9252:
9245:
9241:
9238:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9227:
9223:
9216:
9215:Panic of 1930
9212:
9209:
9205:
9201:
9197:
9193:
9189:
9185:
9181:
9180:
9178:
9174:
9170:
9163:
9159:
9156:
9152:
9148:
9144:
9141:
9140:Panic of 1907
9137:
9134:
9133:Panic of 1901
9130:
9127:
9126:Panic of 1896
9123:
9119:
9115:
9112:
9108:
9105:
9104:Panic of 1893
9101:
9097:
9093:
9089:
9088:Baring crisis
9085:
9081:
9080:Arendal crash
9077:
9074:
9073:Panic of 1884
9070:
9067:
9063:
9060:
9059:Panic of 1873
9056:
9055:
9053:
9049:
9045:
9037:
9033:
9030:
9029:Panic of 1866
9026:
9023:
9022:Panic of 1857
9019:
9016:
9015:Panic of 1847
9012:
9007:
9003:
9000:
8996:
8995:
8992:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8981:
8974:
8973:Panic of 1837
8970:
8967:
8966:Panic of 1825
8963:
8960:
8959:Panic of 1819
8956:
8952:
8948:
8945:
8941:
8938:
8934:
8931:
8930:Panic of 1792
8927:
8924:
8920:
8916:
8912:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8894:
8890:
8889:
8887:
8883:
8879:
8871:
8867:
8863:
8859:
8855:
8851:
8847:
8846:
8841:
8837:
8833:
8829:
8825:
8821:
8817:
8816:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8798:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8789:
8784:
8777:
8773:
8770:
8769:Social crisis
8766:
8763:
8762:Minsky moment
8759:
8754:
8750:
8747:
8743:
8740:
8736:
8733:
8729:
8728:
8726:
8722:
8719:
8715:
8712:
8708:
8703:
8699:
8698:
8696:
8692:
8689:
8688:Energy crisis
8685:
8682:
8678:
8675:
8671:
8668:
8664:
8661:
8660:Credit crunch
8657:
8654:
8650:
8647:
8643:
8642:
8639:
8635:
8628:
8623:
8621:
8616:
8614:
8609:
8608:
8605:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8572:Carbon bubble
8570:
8569:
8566:
8559:
8556:
8553:
8550:
8547:
8544:
8541:
8538:
8535:
8532:
8529:
8526:
8525:
8523:
8519:
8515:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8500:
8496:
8493:
8490:
8487:
8484:
8481:
8478:
8475:
8472:
8469:
8466:
8463:
8460:
8457:
8454:
8451:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8436:
8433:
8430:
8427:
8424:
8421:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8403:
8398:
8394:
8387:
8384:
8381:
8378:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8366:
8364:
8360:
8356:
8349:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8327:
8323:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8305:
8302:
8299:
8296:
8293:
8290:
8287:
8284:
8281:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8271:
8267:
8260:
8257:
8254:
8251:
8248:
8245:
8242:
8239:
8236:
8233:
8230:
8227:
8224:
8221:
8218:
8215:
8212:
8209:
8206:
8203:
8200:
8197:
8194:
8191:
8188:
8185:
8182:
8179:
8176:
8175:Ohio oil rush
8173:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8152:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8096:
8093:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8060:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8045:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7994:
7993:Railway Mania
7991:
7990:
7988:
7984:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7955:
7952:
7949:
7946:
7945:
7943:
7939:
7935:
7928:
7925:
7922:
7919:
7916:
7913:
7910:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7900:
7896:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7858:
7854:
7847:
7842:
7840:
7835:
7833:
7828:
7827:
7824:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7804:United States
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7741:
7737:
7736:United States
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7683:
7682:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7648:
7647:United States
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7629:
7628:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7612:
7607:
7603:
7595:
7594:United States
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7572:
7571:United States
7569:
7567:
7564:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7548:
7542:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7525:
7522:
7519:
7516:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7496:
7493:
7489:
7488:United States
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7455:
7454:
7453:
7450:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7410:
7407:
7404:
7401:
7398:
7397:Panic of 1907
7395:
7392:
7391:Panic of 1901
7389:
7386:
7383:
7382:Panic of 1893
7380:
7377:
7376:Baring crisis
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7362:
7361:United States
7359:
7357:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7341:
7336:
7332:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7318:Panic of 1866
7316:
7313:
7310:
7309:Panic of 1857
7307:
7304:
7301:
7300:Panic of 1847
7298:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7288:
7283:
7279:
7272:
7271:Panic of 1837
7269:
7266:
7263:
7260:
7259:Panic of 1825
7257:
7254:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7230:
7229:Panic of 1792
7226:
7223:
7220:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7186:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7174:Slump of 1706
7172:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7159:
7155:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7125:
7122:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7082:Balance sheet
7080:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7051:Interest rate
7049:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6980:
6979:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6898:
6893:
6891:
6886:
6884:
6879:
6878:
6875:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6854:
6851:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6832:United States
6830:
6824:
6823:United States
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6798:Latin America
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6739:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6682:
6677:
6675:
6670:
6668:
6663:
6662:
6659:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6601:Art of Europe
6599:
6598:
6596:
6592:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6400:Modern period
6397:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6109:
6104:
6102:
6097:
6095:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6047:
6043:
6042:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5862:
5861:
5855:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5832:Overy, R. J.
5831:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5489:Berman, Sheri
5487:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5430:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5385:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5350:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5280:
5272:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5196:
5194:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5141:
5139:0-521-53274-4
5135:
5131:
5124:
5117:
5111:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5072:
5070:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5026:
5018:
5016:1-55753-141-2
5012:
5009:. Purdue UP.
5008:
5001:
4993:
4989:
4988:History Today
4982:
4974:
4973:
4965:
4963:
4954:
4952:0-8014-3772-5
4948:
4944:
4937:
4935:
4927:. p. 24.
4926:
4920:
4912:
4910:0-393-32396-X
4906:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4870:0-415-18078-3
4866:
4862:
4855:
4847:
4845:0-8131-9139-4
4841:
4837:
4830:
4828:
4811:
4807:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4788:
4786:
4777:
4770:
4762:
4760:0-415-16111-8
4756:
4752:
4745:
4743:
4734:
4732:0-8014-3772-5
4728:
4724:
4723:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4700:
4698:0-297-78005-0
4694:
4690:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4669:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4630:
4624:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4599:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4574:
4568:
4564:
4557:
4549:
4547:0-312-04470-4
4543:
4539:
4532:
4516:
4512:
4510:9781598843361
4506:
4502:
4501:
4493:
4477:
4470:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4437:
4431:
4422:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4382:
4374:
4372:0-8415-0020-7
4368:
4364:
4357:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4308:
4300:
4298:0-19-568367-6
4294:
4291:. Oxford UP.
4290:
4283:
4275:
4273:1-84511-347-0
4269:
4265:
4258:
4250:
4248:0-415-13102-2
4244:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4218:
4210:
4208:0-8131-9139-4
4204:
4200:
4193:
4185:
4183:0-394-53550-2
4179:
4175:
4168:
4160:
4158:0-375-75515-2
4154:
4150:
4143:
4135:
4133:0-297-00124-8
4129:
4125:
4118:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4013:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3970:
3966:
3964:9780719046728
3960:
3956:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3878:0-299-14870-X
3874:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3838:
3830:
3826:
3820:
3812:
3810:0-312-40635-5
3806:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3655:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3624:
3616:
3614:0-15-136903-8
3610:
3606:
3599:
3597:
3580:
3576:
3574:9780415438896
3570:
3566:
3565:
3557:
3541:
3537:
3535:9781317213260
3531:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3479:
3463:
3459:
3457:9780748733866
3453:
3449:
3448:
3440:
3424:
3420:
3418:9781444391671
3414:
3410:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3391:0-691-05220-4
3387:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3322:0-271-02339-2
3318:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3235:0-07-052266-9
3231:
3227:
3220:
3204:
3200:
3198:0-19-913425-1
3194:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3173:
3171:0-300-04144-6
3167:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3142:
3134:
3128:
3120:
3114:
3106:
3100:
3089:
3088:
3080:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3035:
3029:
3021:
3015:
3008:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2950:
2939:
2938:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
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2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2703:End of an era
2690:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2624:Southern Cone
2619:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2562:(1915–1935),
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2542:Latin America
2533:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
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2332:
2328:
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2289:
2285:
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2276:
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2255:
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2222:
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2214:
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2205:
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2185:
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2177:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:Indian Oceans
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:Italian press
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2054:March on Rome
2051:
2047:
2043:
2022:
2015:
1998:
1997:Client states
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:Pact of Steel
1816:, formed the
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
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1679:
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1658:
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1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1551:
1545:French Empire
1542:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1519:Jewish people
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1494:in 1932 when
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:Punjab region
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:" of outside
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:Lytton Report
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:Kwantung Army
1176:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1121:in 1919, its
1120:
1115:
1112:of 1915. Its
1111:
1107:
1106:Chinese coast
1103:
1098:
1095:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
913:Black Tuesday
910:
905:
901:
893:
889:
885:
880:
875:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:working class
835:
831:
824:
819:
817:
813:
812:United States
809:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
789:March on Rome
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:New York City
729:
721:
720:Mary Pickford
717:
712:
707:
706:Années folles
703:
699:
695:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
600:
590:
588:
583:
579:
575:
574:United States
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
522:
517:
511:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:horse cavalry
435:
431:
427:
423:
417:
415:
414:United States
411:
410:Latin America
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
369:and parts of
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
310:
306:
302:
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286:
282:
278:
274:
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266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:, a time of
227:
223:
219:
195:
191:
187:
178:
169:
166:
163:
160:
158:
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151:
149:
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114:
112:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
85:
75:
65:
59:
55:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
12096:Eastern Bloc
12066:Asia Council
12027:Contemporary
11973:Latin Church
11941:Christianity
11870:Confucianism
11742:Collectivism
11556:Architecture
11462:World War II
11456:
11299:Western Bloc
11099:AUSCANNZUKUS
11055:Contemporary
11004:Human rights
10850:Latin Church
10824:Christianity
10774:
10733:Conservatism
10578:contemporary
10415:Architecture
10351:World War II
10340:
10311:Emancipation
10306:Abolitionism
10194:Romanization
10189:Roman legacy
10170:Roman Empire
9662:October 2008
9544:Samba effect
9400:(1987–2000s)
9295:Steel crisis
9172:
9118:Black Monday
9096:Encilhamento
9036:Black Friday
8843:
8799:(235–284 CE)
8667:Credit cycle
8577:Green bubble
8269:
8199:Encilhamento
7869:Credit cycle
7864:Market trend
7721:South Africa
7478:South Africa
7419:
7324:Black Friday
7141:Unemployment
6998:Money supply
6993:Disinflation
6937:General glut
6813:South Africa
6560:World War II
6554:
6413:Early modern
6390:Kalmar Union
6261:Papal States
6179:Roman Empire
6045:
6023:
6013:
6006:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5968:
5964:
5956:
5948:
5940:
5932:
5924:
5916:
5912:
5904:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5871:
5859:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5807:
5800:
5799:ed. (1968).
5797:Mowat, C. L.
5775:
5759:(2): 47–63,
5756:
5752:
5741:
5733:
5725:
5706:. New York:
5703:
5692:
5684:
5676:
5667:
5656:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5622:
5614:
5605:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5519:
5509:
5499:
5492:
5482:
5472:
5463:
5438:
5429:
5417:. Retrieved
5394:
5384:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5260:
5254:
5245:
5232:
5207:
5201:
5167:
5161:
5129:
5123:
5115:
5110:
5098:. Retrieved
5078:
5035:
5031:
5025:
5006:
5000:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4970:
4942:
4924:
4919:
4900:
4894:
4885:
4879:
4860:
4854:
4835:
4814:. Retrieved
4794:
4775:
4769:
4750:
4721:
4688:
4668:
4660:
4659:R.J. Overy,
4644:
4628:
4623:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4587:
4581:
4562:
4556:
4537:
4531:
4519:. Retrieved
4499:
4492:
4480:. Retrieved
4469:
4457:. Retrieved
4443:
4435:
4430:
4410:
4404:
4387:
4381:
4362:
4356:
4345:
4341:Mowat, C. L.
4313:
4307:
4288:
4282:
4263:
4257:
4238:
4232:
4223:
4217:
4198:
4192:
4173:
4167:
4148:
4142:
4123:
4117:
4100:
4094:
4082:. Retrieved
4062:
4055:
4030:
4026:
4018:
4012:
3998:(1): 43–63.
3995:
3991:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3953:
3946:
3929:
3906:. Retrieved
3897:
3887:
3868:
3862:
3843:
3837:
3828:
3825:Mowat, C. L.
3819:
3800:
3794:
3777:
3771:
3760:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3724:. Retrieved
3710:
3691:
3685:
3673:. Retrieved
3664:
3654:
3644:20 September
3642:. Retrieved
3633:
3623:
3604:
3583:. Retrieved
3563:
3556:
3544:. Retrieved
3524:
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3485:
3478:
3466:. Retrieved
3446:
3439:
3427:. Retrieved
3407:
3400:
3381:
3375:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3337:
3331:
3312:
3306:
3292:(3): 35–59.
3289:
3285:
3279:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3225:
3219:
3207:. Retrieved
3187:
3180:
3161:
3155:
3141:
3127:
3113:
3099:
3086:
3079:
3052:
3042:
3028:
3014:
3005:
2998:. Retrieved
2994:the original
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2963:
2953:
2912:, since 1900
2895:
2720:World War II
2706:
2683:
2664:
2652:
2646:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2620:
2576:
2545:
2527:
2523:adding to it
2518:
2464:
2455:land reforms
2444:
2428:Valea Jiului
2417:
2363:
2320:
2294:and between
2288:client state
2256:
2240:Stresa Front
2225:
2173:
2134:
2117:
2078:
2060:at the 1923
2039:
1909:
1897:German Reich
1870:
1846:World War II
1794:
1778:
1765:Nazi Germany
1743:
1738:. Under the
1736:Soviet Union
1733:
1725:Nationalists
1702:
1683:
1643:against the
1632:Rif Republic
1621:
1586:
1531:
1500:
1486:, a British
1478:and his son
1472:client state
1466:was granted
1453:
1450:
1422:that of 1857
1412:
1386:
1331:
1307:conservative
1303:
1244:
1228:
1223:Zhengyangmen
1178:
1139:capital ship
1128:
1099:
1091:
1056:Adolf Hitler
1033:
1029:
1020:Adolf Hitler
971:
957:
921:
897:
884:soup kitchen
834:middle class
826:
821:
793:
725:
658:
610:Soviet Union
602:
527:
418:
390:Soviet Union
383:
312:
283:between the
262:
238:middle class
222:World War II
193:
189:
183:
88:
69:
53:
36:
12046:Arab League
12029:integration
11968:Catholicism
11826:Vaishnavism
11600:Esotericism
11467:Pacific War
11440:World War I
11384:Indic world
11379:Sinic world
11362:Foundations
11239:Open Balkan
11057:integration
10987:Rule of law
10982:Natural law
10959:Agnosticism
10937:Hellenistic
10915:Anglo-Saxon
10845:Catholicism
10784:Atlanticism
10689:Rationalism
10495:Immigration
10478:Esotericism
10336:World War I
10301:Romanticism
10281:Reformation
10261:Renaissance
10239:Middle Ages
10204:Christendom
10133:Foundations
9939:(2017–2018)
9924:(2016–2022)
9880:(2014–2022)
9640:(2007–2009)
9605:(2003–2008)
9554:(2000–2004)
9503:(1994–1996)
9481:(1992–1994)
9466:(1991–2000)
9430:(1990–1992)
9422:(1990–1992)
9392:(1986–1995)
9355:(1982–1994)
9345:(1982–2007)
9327:(1980–1982)
9305:(1975–1982)
9297:(1973–1982)
9268:(1973–1980)
9258:(1973–1982)
9229:(1945–1973)
9194:(1921–1923)
9186:(1917–1924)
9176:(1918–1939)
9098:(1890–1893)
9051:(1870–1914)
8993:(1845–1856)
8953:(1815–1816)
8902:(1769–1784)
8885:(1760–1840)
8848:(1621–1623)
8830:(1544–1551)
8812:(1000–1760)
8711:Flash crash
8681:Debt crisis
8530:(2008–2014)
8497:(2005–2008)
8491:(2005–2011)
8479:(2002–2008)
8473:(2002–2007)
8467:(2002–2006)
8461:(2001–2006)
8455:(2000–2008)
8443:(2000–2006)
8437:(1995–2000)
8431:(1986–1990)
8425:(1985–2008)
8405:(1982–2007)
8376:(1977–1981)
8362:(1973–1982)
8350:(1969–1970)
8329:(1945–1973)
8317:(1932–1942)
8306:(1918–1945)
8294:(1918–1945)
8273:(1918–1939)
8261:(1909–1918)
8255:(1903–1918)
8249:(1901–1918)
8237:(1899–1909)
8225:(1897–1899)
8219:(1896–1903)
8213:(1896–1899)
8201:(1886–1890)
8183:(1883–1906)
8159:(1879–1893)
8153:(1874–1880)
8127:(1870–1914)
8103:(1865–1867)
8091:(1864–1867)
8085:(1861–1874)
8079:(1861–1867)
8073:(1861–1864)
8067:(1861–1864)
8049:(1859–1891)
8037:(1858–1861)
8025:(1851–1914)
8019:(1851–1880)
8001:(1848–1855)
7978:(1830–1850)
7956:(1802–1825)
7948:Canal Mania
7941:(1760–1840)
7929:(1757–1769)
7923:(1711–1720)
7917:(1684–1720)
7911:(1634–1637)
7909:Tulip mania
7902:(1000–1760)
7789:New Zealand
7747:2020–2022;
7711:New Zealand
7684:2007–2009;
7630:1990–1991;
7614:(1982–2007)
7582:1980–1982;
7554:(1973–1982)
7532:(1957–1958)
7526:(1953–1954)
7520:(1948–1949)
7508:(1945–1973)
7473:New Zealand
7456:1929–1939;
7432:(1918–1919)
7423:(1918–1939)
7405:(1910–1912)
7399:(1907–1908)
7393:(1902–1904)
7384:(1893–1897)
7378:(1890–1891)
7354:1873–1879;
7343:(1870–1914)
7326:(1869–1870)
7320:(1865–1867)
7311:(1857–1858)
7302:(1847–1848)
7290:(1840–1870)
7261:(1825–1826)
7252:(1815–1821)
7237:(1796–1799)
7231:(1789–1793)
7203:1772–1774;
7192:(1760–1840)
7170:(1430–1490)
7168:Great Slump
7161:(1000–1760)
7107:Stagflation
7066:Yield curve
7012:Price level
6803:Netherlands
6545:World War I
6535:Nationalism
6423:Reformation
6408:Renaissance
6380:Black Death
6313:Kievan Rus'
6216:Middle Ages
5778:. Chicago:
5524:Online free
4994:(9): 45–51.
4478:(in French)
4455:(in French)
3726:30 November
3585:19 February
3546:19 February
3507:19 February
3429:19 February
3369:(10): 3–18.
2974:10 November
2632:indigenismo
2495:Warlord Era
2440:agriculture
2250:led to the
1948:appeasement
1698:Reparations
1624:Abd el-Krim
1565:during the
1496:King Faisal
1480:King Farouk
1238:led by the
1232:nationalism
988:. In Asia,
936:tax revenue
890:during the
846:automobiles
816:Leslie Hume
760:Marcel wave
646:Sudetenland
638:appeasement
474:battleships
458:interceptor
301:imperialism
254:first world
242:Automobiles
218:World War I
194:interbellum
162:Promiscuous
58:Estado Novo
12166:Categories
11757:Philippine
11674:Philosophy
11659:Philosophy
11632:Literature
11259:Rio Treaty
10770:Relativism
10728:Liberalism
10694:Empiricism
10646:Philosophy
10634:Secularism
10585:Philosophy
10522:Literature
10316:Capitalism
8732:Accounting
7754:Bangladesh
7691:Bangladesh
7335:Gilded Age
7087:Depression
7039:Stagnation
6839:Bonus Army
6741:By country
6308:Viking Age
6123:Prehistory
5708:Bloomsbury
5390:Overy, R J
5100:14 October
4482:3 November
4459:3 November
4025:"Review".
3908:2 December
3007:influence…
2945:References
2638:hispanismo
2366:Ahmet Zogu
2355:Suez Canal
2339:Suez Canal
2083:after the
2058:Dodecanese
2052:after the
2044:movement,
1865:Kodachrome
1828:after the
1810:plebiscite
1729:Communists
1567:World Expo
1347:socialists
1343:Communists
1236:militarism
892:Depression
858:appliances
850:telephones
754:began and
628:; Italy's
582:Dawes Plan
498:asymmetric
468:." In the
446:air forces
426:mechanized
386:Bolsheviks
363:Bessarabia
285:Kuomintang
212:months, 21
107:White Army
56:about the
11914:Abrahamic
11809:Vajrayana
11799:Theravada
11654:Mythology
11627:Languages
11415:Silk Road
11374:Old World
11204:Five Eyes
11199:EU–UK TCA
11041:Democracy
10930:Old Norse
10819:Abrahamic
10776:Peritrope
10758:Tolerance
10738:Socialism
10568:Mythology
10556:Classical
10505:Languages
10483:Astrology
10331:Modernism
10145:Old World
9990:Recession
8983:1840–1870
8560:(2020–21)
8097:(c. 1865)
7986:1840–1870
7794:Singapore
7749:Australia
7726:Sri Lanka
7686:Australia
7632:Australia
7458:Australia
7448:1926–1927
7445:1923–1924
7411:(1913–14)
7387:1899–1900
7243:1807–1810
7240:1802–1804
7221:1785–1788
7146:Sahm rule
7077:Recession
6978:Inflation
6974:Deflation
6753:Australia
6748:Argentina
6717:Dust Bowl
6355:Feudalism
6326:Catalonia
5419:11 August
5414:949747872
5392:(2015) .
5376:162747279
5341:161584922
5306:144085742
5224:149372568
5184:145309305
5060:144182598
4689:Mussolini
4047:146638943
3894:"Fascism"
2904:Timelines
2872:Dust Bowl
2657:in 1923.
2568:Nicaragua
2393:took the
2200:Macedonia
2153:Gibraltar
1944:Lithuania
1893:Anschluss
1755:in 1926.
1647:in 1936.
1641:rebellion
1571:Agfacolor
1569:in 1937 (
1503:Palestine
1476:King Fuad
1436:in 1919.
1363:world war
1355:Catholics
1345:and many
1193:Manchukuo
888:Al Capone
791:in 1922.
558:Lithuania
482:doctrines
442:artillery
430:motorized
394:Near East
392:. In the
355:Lithuania
265:communism
64:talk page
11907:Yazidism
11890:Tengrism
11841:Smartism
11836:Shaktism
11831:Shaivism
11816:Hinduism
11804:Mahayana
11782:Buddhism
11769:Religion
11752:Japanese
11664:Religion
11615:Japanese
11605:Folklore
11583:Buddhist
11573:Calendar
11544:Cyrillic
11504:Alphabet
11479:Cold War
11394:Islamdom
11264:Schengen
11194:Eurozone
11034:Property
11029:Religion
10920:Frankish
10910:Germanic
10890:Paganism
10811:Religion
10799:European
10711:Humanism
10614:Religion
10573:Painting
10539:Internet
10490:Folklore
10461:Clothing
10432:Calendar
10408:Cyrillic
10393:Alphabet
10356:Cold War
8646:Bank run
7779:Malaysia
7764:Botswana
7716:Pakistan
7706:Malaysia
7210:Scotland
7070:Inverted
7034:Recovery
6857:Category
6844:New Deal
6732:Timeline
6594:See also
6565:Cold War
6360:Crusades
6330:Valencia
6063:Archived
5915:(1925);
5774:(2003).
5765:20027428
5753:Daedalus
5702:(2017).
5443:Archived
5094:Archived
4810:Archived
4521:13 April
4515:Archived
4343:(1968).
4084:16 March
4078:Archived
4004:44288722
3975:16 March
3969:Archived
3938:13613258
3902:Archived
3744:(1958).
3720:Archived
3669:Archived
3638:Archived
3579:Archived
3540:Archived
3501:Archived
3462:Archived
3423:Archived
3203:Archived
2968:Archived
2748:Jazz age
2726:See also
2530:May 2022
2397:, and a
2221:Bulgaria
2188:Slovenia
2180:Dalmatia
2167:—
2121:Atlantic
2109:Jubaland
2068:and the
1791:in 1938.
1454:de facto
1404:George V
1359:pacifism
1353:against
1351:liberals
1339:far-left
1311:Catholic
818:argues:
764:flappers
756:Art Deco
752:Jazz Age
568:and the
422:armoured
305:colonies
287:and the
236:for the
208:years, 9
111:Yudenich
12071:BIMSTEC
11992:Culture
11987:Judaism
11951:Eastern
11946:Culture
11924:Culture
11897:Iranian
11875:Shenism
11853:Jainism
11848:Sikhism
11821:Culture
11787:Culture
11777:Dharmic
11610:Chinese
11595:Cuisine
11578:Chinese
11566:History
11534:Brahmic
11496:Culture
11403:History
11355:culture
11109:Benelux
11014:Thought
10964:Atheism
10905:Finnish
10881:Culture
10876:Judaism
10838:Eastern
10834:Western
10829:Culture
10763:Paradox
10629:Decline
10590:Science
10466:History
10454:Studies
10437:Cuisine
10425:Periods
10385:Culture
10214:History
10180:Eastern
10175:Western
10126:culture
8746:Funding
8739:Capital
8554:(2011–)
8548:(2010–)
8542:(2008–)
8536:(2008–)
8485:(2002–)
8419:(1982–)
7784:Namibia
7372:1887–88
7314:1860–61
7305:1853–54
7296:1845–46
7267:1833–34
7264:1828–29
7255:1822–23
7205:England
7097:Rolling
6983:Chronic
6862:Commons
6808:Romania
6778:Germany
6435:Baroque
6334:Majorca
6246:Francia
6032:3636283
5971:(1937)
5959:(1933)
5951:(1930)
5943:(1929)
5935:(1928)
5927:(1925)
5919:(1926)
5899:(1924)
5876:online
5874:(1972)
5850:(1945)
5746:excerpt
5695:(1990).
5645:(2000).
5610:(1986).
5514:excerpt
5052:1878564
4663:(2014).
4647:(1989).
4618:(2006).
4023:online
3675:7 March
3271:1889320
3000:15 June
2582:toward
2445:In the
2432:Grivița
2414:Balkans
2335:Tunisia
2217:Romania
2213:Hungary
2209:Austria
2192:Croatia
2184:Albania
2176:Balkans
2174:In the
2141:Tunisia
2137:Corsica
2099:to the
2014:Albania
1984:Legend:
1928:Slovaks
1910:At the
1875:" with
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1751:to the
1744:de jure
1651:Germany
1618:Rif War
1573:photo).
1488:mandate
1444:led by
1145:in the
1035:Fascism
1006:Fascism
940:profits
808:Britain
736:Chicago
722:in 1920
714:Actors
642:Austria
632:in the
578:Entente
462:bombers
379:Romania
371:Ukraine
367:Moldova
347:Finland
343:Estonia
319:Ottoman
315:Russian
293:Britain
277:fascism
184:In the
142:Silesia
12009:Baháʼí
11999:Bábism
11880:Shinto
11865:Taoism
11747:Values
11620:Korean
11539:Arabic
11524:Hangul
11129:CANZUK
11019:Speech
10947:Slavic
10925:Gothic
10900:Celtic
10895:Baltic
10794:Values
10595:Values
10155:Greece
9916:(2016)
9562:(2001)
9546:(1999)
9363:(1982)
9202:(1927)
9149:(1910)
9120:(1894)
9090:(1890)
9082:(1886)
9038:(1869)
8872:(1720)
8864:(1720)
8856:(1637)
8753:Market
8382:(1980)
8195:(1886)
8189:(1884)
8115:(1869)
8109:(1869)
8061:(1861)
8055:(1860)
8043:(1859)
8031:(1858)
8007:(1851)
7809:Zambia
7769:Canada
7759:Belize
7696:Canada
7661:(2001)
7637:Canada
7584:Canada
7463:Canada
7134:Supply
7129:Demand
7102:Shapes
7092:Global
7002:demand
6927:Supply
6773:France
6763:Canada
6758:Brazil
6702:Causes
6695:Topics
6322:Aragon
6301:Amalfi
6286:Venice
6274:Second
6030:
5995:(2017)
5973:online
5961:online
5953:online
5945:online
5937:online
5929:online
5921:online
5909:online
5901:online
5852:online
5829:(2015)
5822:(1998)
5812:online
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5571:online
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1993:
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1972:, and
1932:Czechs
1889:Vienna
1727:, and
1513:. The
1424:. The
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1078:, and
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986:Nazism
944:prices
942:, and
894:, 1931
852:, and
804:Quebec
800:Canada
750:. The
748:London
746:, and
744:Berlin
704:, and
652:, the
636:; the
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297:France
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11919:Islam
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11637:Music
11588:Hindu
11549:Latin
11529:Hanja
11514:Kanji
11509:Hanzi
11284:USMCA
11139:CEFTA
11094:AUKUS
11084:ANZUS
11079:ANZUK
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10527:Canon
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10398:Greek
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7701:India
7468:India
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6942:Model
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6269:First
6028:JSTOR
5761:JSTOR
5372:S2CID
5337:S2CID
5302:S2CID
5242:(PDF)
5220:S2CID
5180:S2CID
5056:S2CID
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4449:INSEE
4043:S2CID
4000:JSTOR
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3267:JSTOR
3091:(PDF)
2935:Notes
2758:1930s
2743:1920s
2603:Pemex
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2451:Zog I
2347:Egypt
2300:Malta
2161:Egypt
2145:Malta
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2066:Libya
1954:Italy
1942:from
1940:Memel
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1692:, of
1676:The "
1563:Paris
1414:India
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994:China
990:Japan
842:radio
840:with
740:Paris
694:1920s
618:China
490:line-
470:naval
398:Egypt
377:with
365:(now
250:radio
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7514:1945
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5784:ISBN
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5421:2017
5410:OCLC
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5265:ISBN
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4592:ISBN
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4523:2018
4505:ISBN
4484:2010
4461:2010
4415:ISBN
4392:OCLC
4367:ISBN
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4128:ISBN
4105:OCLC
4086:2018
4068:ISBN
3977:2018
3959:ISBN
3934:OCLC
3910:2017
3873:ISBN
3848:ISBN
3805:ISBN
3782:OCLC
3728:2008
3696:ISBN
3677:2017
3646:2020
3609:ISBN
3587:2017
3569:ISBN
3548:2017
3530:ISBN
3509:2017
3491:ISBN
3470:2018
3452:ISBN
3431:2017
3413:ISBN
3386:ISBN
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3317:ISBN
3230:ISBN
3211:2018
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2976:2019
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2552:Cuba
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5595:doi
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