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228:. This community was the center of the Mississippian culture. This mound appears to have been the main ceremonial and residential mound for the religious and political leaders; it is more than 100 feet (30 m) tall and is the largest pre-Columbian earthwork north of Mexico. This site had numerous mounds, some with conical or ridge tops, as well as palisaded stockades protecting the large settlement and elite quarter. At its maximum about 1150 CE, Cahokia was an urban settlement with 20,000–30,000 people. This population was not exceeded by North American European settlements until after 1800.
150:, is the oldest known and dated mound complex in North America. It is one of 11 mound complexes from this period found in the Lower Mississippi Valley. These cultures generally had developed hierarchical societies that had an elite. These commanded hundreds or even thousands of workers to dig up tons of earth with the hand tools available, move the soil long distances, and finally, workers to create the shape with layers of soil as directed by the builders. However early mounds found in Louisiana preceded such cultures and were products of hunter-gatherer cultures.
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796:, as well as new ceremonial objects and possibly new social patterns during the Plaquemine period. As more Mississippian cultural influences were absorbed, the Plaquemine area as a distinct culture began to shrink after CE 1350. Eventually, the last enclave of purely Plaquemine culture was the Natchez Bluffs area, while the Yazoo Basin and adjacent areas of Louisiana became a hybrid Plaquemine-Mississippi culture. This division was recorded by Europeans when they first arrived in the area. In the Natchez Bluffs area, the
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species of extinct giants, whose bones fill the mounds of
America, have gazed on Niagara, as ours do now. Cotemporary with the whole race of men, and older than the first man, Niagara is strong, and fresh to-day as ten thousand years ago. The Mammoth and Mastodon – now so long dead, that fragments of their monstrous bones, alone testify, that they ever lived, have gazed on Niagara. In that long – long time, never still for a single moment. Never dried, never froze, never slept, never rested.
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1274:
discovered mounds that had been constructed before the waters rose. Upon seeing this, Noah questioned where these agricultural phenomena came from. "Surveying the various themes of mound builder origins, he could not decide whether the mounds were the work of
Polynesians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Israelites, Scandinavians, Welsh, Scotts, or Chinese, although he felt certain the Indians had not built them." Priest's racism has also been discussed in detail by author
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1513:, and narrated their subsequent migration across the North American continent. This "Walam Olum" tells of battles with native peoples already in America before the Lenape arrived. People hearing of the account believed that the "original people" were the Mound Builders and that the Lenape overthrew them and destroyed their culture. David Oestreicher later asserted that Rafinesque's account was a hoax. He argued that the Walam Olum glyphs were derived from
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973:(1820), Atwater claimed that "Indian remains" were always found right beneath the surface of the earth, while artifacts associated with the Mound Builders were found fairly deep in the ground. Atwater argued that they must be from a different group of people. The discovery of metal artifacts further convinced people that the Mound Builders were not identical to the Southeast Woodland Native Americans of the 18th century.
856:) describing how the Indians had built mounds and how the Native American mound cultures practiced their traditional way of life. De la Vega's accounts also include vital details about the Native American tribes' systems of government present in the southeast, tribal territories, and the construction of mounds and temples. A few French expeditions in the 1560s reported staying with Indian societies who had built mounds.
1401:
367:, known as the Great Sun, who wielded absolute power. Both observers noted the high temple mounds that the Natchez had built so that the Great Sun could commune with God, the sun. His large residence was built atop the highest mound, from "which, every morning, he greeted the rising sun, invoking thanks and blowing tobacco smoke to the four cardinal directions".
326:, who had accompanied French settlers to northeastern Florida during the 1560s, likewise noted Native American groups using existing mounds and constructing others. He produced a series of watercolor paintings depicting scenes of native life. Although most of his paintings have been lost, some engravings were copied from the originals and published in 1591 by a
2605:
or by man inspired by Him to make an everlasting object lesson of man's disobedience, Satan's perfidy and the results of sin and death. In support of this startling claim the Rev. Mr. West quotes
Scripture and refers to Job 16:13: "By His spirit. He hath garnished the heavens; His hand hath formed the crooked serpent."
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The Garden of Eden, it seems, is now definitely located. The site is in Ohio, "Adams" county, to be more precise...The Rev. Landon West of
Pleasant Hill, O., a prominent and widely known minister of the Baptist church... arrives at the conclusion that this great work was created either by God himself
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depicts these settlers building magnificent cities, which were destroyed by warfare about CE 385. The Book of Mormon can be placed in the tradition of the "Mound-Builder literature" of the period and has been called "the most famous and certainly the most influential of all Mound-Builder literature".
864:
Later explorers to the same regions, only a few decades after mound-building settlements had been reported, found the regions largely depopulated with its residents vanished and the mounds untended. Conflicts with
Europeans were dismissed by historians as the major cause of population reduction since
1476:
in 1858 created fraudulent surveys of mound groups that did not exist. Beginning in the 1880s, the supposed origin of the earthworks with a race of giants was increasingly recognized as spurious. Pidgeon's fraudulent claims about the archaeological record were shown to be a hoax by
Theodore Lewis in
888:
valley is considered a "sister culture" of the
Mississippian horizon, or one of the "Mississippianised" cultures adjacent to the main area of the mound building cultures. This culture was also mostly extinct in the 17th century, but remnants may have survived into the first half of the 18th century.
2273:(1830)). Whether one wishes to accept it as divinely inspired or the work of Joseph Smith, it fits exactly into the tradition. Despite its pseudo-Biblical style and its general inchoateness, it is certainly the most imaginative and best sustained of the stories about the Mound-Builders" (at p. 187).
1424:
Rather than being found beneath only a foot or two of soil, the
Decalogue Stone was claimed to have been buried beneath a forty-foot-tall stone mound. Instead of modern Hebrew typography, the characters on the stone were blocky and appeared to be an ancient form of the Hebrew alphabet. Finally, the
1408:
After his first expedition, Wyrick uncovered a small stone box that was found to contain an intricately carved slab of black limestone covered with archaic-looking Hebrew letters along with a representation of a man in flowing robes. When translated, once again by McCarty, the inscription was found
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The reasoning Priest gives for his conclusion that there was an even earlier settler than the Native
Americans relies upon his interpretation of the Biblical flood story. According to Priest, after the great flood disappeared, Noah and his ark landed in America. While surveying the land, Noah also
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Native
Americans were merely bloodthirsty savages, bent on the destruction of all but their own race. It was inconceivable to Priest and like-minded men that a race so lazy and inept could conceive and build such huge, elaborate structures." Priest speculated that the original dwellers could be the
927:
phylum. The late survival of the Fort Ancient culture is suggested by the remarkable amount of European-made goods in the archaeological record. Such artifacts would have been acquired by trade even before direct European contact. These artifacts include brass and steel items, glassware, and melted
492:
With the 1990s dating of Watson Brake and similar complexes, scholars established that pre-agricultural, pre-ceramic American societies could organize to accomplish complex construction during extended periods, invalidating scholars' traditional ideas of Archaic society. Watson Brake was built by a
480:
near Monroe in northern Louisiana. Securely dated to about 5,400 years ago (around 3500 BCE), in the Middle Archaic period, it consists of a formation of 11 mounds from 3 feet (0.91 m) to 25 feet (7.6 m) tall, connected by ridges to form an oval nearly 900 feet (270 m) across. In the
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But still there is more. It calls up the indefinite past. When Columbus first sought this continent – when Christ suffered on the cross – when Moses led Israel through the Red-Sea – nay, even, when Adam first came from the hand of his Maker – then as now, Niagara was roaring here. The eyes of that
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in 1876 wrote about a theory that the mounds were built by people from the lost continent of Atlantis. The Reverend Landon West in 1901 claimed that the Serpent Mound in Ohio was built by God, or by man inspired by him. He believed that God built the mound and placed it as a symbol of the story of
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Some nineteenth-century archaeological finds (e.g., earth and timber fortifications and towns, the use of a plaster-like cement, ancient roads, metal points and implements, copper breastplates, head-plates, textiles, pearls, native North American inscriptions, North American elephant remains etc.)
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Because of the disappearance of the cultures by the end of the 17th century, the identification of the bearers of these cultures was an open question in 19th-century ethnography. Modern stratigraphic dating has established that the "Mound builders" have spanned an extended period of more than five
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Poverty Point, built about 1500 BCE in what is now Louisiana, is a prominent example of Late Archaic mound-builder construction (around 2500 BCE – 1000 BCE). It is a striking complex of more than 1 square mile (2.6 km), where six earthwork crescent ridges were built in concentric arrangement,
804:
had held out against Mississippian influence and continued to use the same sites as their ancestors. The Plaquemine culture is considered directly ancestral to these historic period groups encountered by Europeans. Groups who appear to have absorbed more Mississippian influence were identified as
1265:
that had inhabited America even before the Native Americans. This idea is now referred to as the "mound builder myth" and still has supporters in society today. The book grew in popularity because of Priest's views on Native Americans. "It tapped into the widely accepted view of those times that
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The cultural stage of the Southeastern Woodland natives encountered in the 18th and 19th centuries by British colonists was deemed incompatible with the comparatively advanced stone, metal, and clay artifacts of the archaeological record. The age of the earthworks was also partly over-estimated.
469:
Radiocarbon dating has established the age of the earliest Archaic mound complex in southeastern Louisiana. One of the two Monte Sano Site mounds, excavated in 1967 before being destroyed for new construction at Baton Rouge, was dated at 6220 BP (plus or minus 140 years). Researchers at the time
779:
sites in Mississippi. Sites inhabited by Plaquemine peoples continued to be used as vacant ceremonial centers without large village areas much as their Coles Creek ancestors had done, although their layout began to show influences from Middle Mississippian peoples to the north. The
835:
in 1560, the mound-building cultures seem to have disappeared within the next century. However, there were also other European accounts, earlier than 1560, that give a first-hand description of the enormous earth-built mounds being constructed by Native Americans. One of them was
788:(Lake George) sites in western Mississippi are good examples that exemplify this change of layout, but a continuation of site usage. During the Terminal Coles Creek period (1150 to 1250 CE), contact increased with Mississippian cultures centered upriver near the future
505:
and is one of the best-known early examples of earthwork monumental architecture. Unlike the localized societies during the Middle Archaic, this culture showed evidence of a wide trading network outside its area, which is one of its distinguishing characteristics.
680:
developed and spread through the Eastern United States, primarily along the river valleys. The largest regional center where the Mississippian culture was first definitely developed is located in Illinois along a tributary of the Mississippi and is referred to as
579:
to Ohio; it is renowned for its geometric earthworks. The Adena and Hopewell were not the only mound-building peoples during this period. Contemporaneous mound-building cultures existed throughout what is now the Eastern United States, stretching as far south as
2635:
The Eden I found in a 1909 pamphlet by Reverend Landon West—the Serpent Mound earthwork that is now an Ohio state park—was still preserved for all to see, so I went...Details that fell outside of West's lifetime were hard to fit into the book: his son
625:
in the Southern United States that marks a significant change in the cultural history of the area. Population and cultural and political complexity increased, especially by the end of the Coles Creek period. Although many of the classic traits of
489:, and the building continued for 500 years. Middle Archaic mound construction seems to have ceased about 2800 BCE. Scholars have not ascertained the reason, but it may have been because of changes in river patterns or other environmental factors.
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hunter-gatherer society, the people of which occupied this area only on a seasonal basis. Successive generations organized to build the complex mounds over 500 years. Their food consisted mostly of fish and deer, as well as available plants.
410:
Institution, which had commissioned the survey. Since many of the features that the authors documented have been destroyed or diminished by farming and development, their surveys, sketches, and descriptions are still used by modern
1238:). While the Nephites, Lamanites, and Mulekites were all of Jewish origin coming from Israel around 590 BCE, the Jaradites were a non-Abrahamic people separate in all aspects, except in a belief in Jehovah, from the Nephites.
1290:
were well-publicized at the time of the publication of the Book of Mormon and there is the incorporation of some of these ideas into the narrative. References are made in the Book of Mormon to a then-current understanding of
1351:
had a guest who stated that: "They didn't build 'em. Someone before them built 'em". Carlson replied: "That's right" and said there was "skeletal evidence of people who bear no genetic resemblance to the current Indians".
6209:
865:
few clashes had occurred between the natives and the Europeans in the area during the same period. The most widely accepted explanation today is that new infectious diseases brought from the Old World, such as
197:
showing the multiple layers of mound construction, mound structures such as temples or mortuaries, ramps with log stairs, and prior structures under later layers, multiple terraces, and intrusive burials
1388:
letters engraved on each of its faces. The local Episcopal minister John W. McCarty translated the four inscriptions as "Law of the Lord," “Word of the Lord," “Holy of Holies," and "King of the Earth."
4828:
2950:. pp. 3–730. Twelfth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1890–91, by J. W. Powell, Director. XLVIII+742 pp., 42 pls., 344 figs. 1894.
1459:, which uncovered acres of skulls and bones, some of which were said to be gigantic. Two thigh bones were measured with the height of their owners estimated at 14 feet (4.3 m). President
516:, was excavated by Michael Russo in 1980. He found an Archaic Indian village site. Mound A was a burial mound that dated to 3400 BCE, making it the oldest known burial mound in North America.
1340:", a group associated with the Moorish Science Temple of America established in the 1990s, has been associated with mound-building in Black nationalist online articles of the early 2000s.
7877:
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thought that such hunter-gatherer societies were not organizationally capable of this type of construction. It has since been dated as about 6500 BP or 4500 BCE, although not all agree.
334:
Sometimes the deceased king of this province is buried with great solemnity, and his great cup from which he was accustomed to drink is placed on a tumulus with many arrows set about it.
255:
in southern Ohio, ranges from 1 foot (0.30 m) to just over 3 feet (0.91 m) tall, 20 feet (6.1 m) wide, more than 1,330 feet (410 m) long, and shaped as an undulating
552:
site in Glade County, Florida. Excavations and dating in 2012 by Thompson and Pluckhahn show that work began around 2600 BCE, seven centuries before the mound-builders in Ohio.
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and massacred the French colony of Fort Rosalie. The French retaliated by destroying all the Natchez villages. The remaining Natchez fled in scattered bands to live among the
697:
of northwestern Louisiana, eastern Texas, and southwestern Arkansas. Like the mound builders of the Ohio, these peoples built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places.
209:, flat-topped or rounded cones, elongated ridges, and sometimes a variety of other forms. They were generally built as part of complex villages. The early earthworks built in
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1489:, who excavated a mound and from the artifacts and burial practices, noted similarities between mound-builder funeral practices and those of Native Americans in his time.
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Upper Mississippi: or, Historical Sketches of the Mound-builders, the Indian tribes and the Progress of Civilization in the North-west, from A.D. 1600 to the Present Time
5834:
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892:
While this culture shows strong Mississippian influences, its bearers were most likely ethnolinguistically distinct from the Mississippians, possibly belonging to the
5955:
4783:
1181:
Based on the idea that the origins of the mound builders lay with a mysterious ancient people, various other suggestions were belonging to the more general genre of
1437:
In 19th-century America, many popular mythologies surrounding the origin of the mounds were in circulation, typically involving the mounds being built by a race of
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interrupted by radial aisles. Three mounds are also part of the main complex, and evidence of residences extends for about 3 miles (4.8 km) along the bank of
330:
company. Among these is a depiction of the burial of an aboriginal Floridian tribal chief, an occasion of great mourning and ceremony. The original caption reads:
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5915:
5181:
4823:
1973:
5966:
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1393:, who was one of the foremost archaeologists at that time, pronounced the stone to be authentic. The Newark Holy Stones, if genuine, would provide support for
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5739:
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213:
around 3500 BCE are the only ones known to have been built by a hunter-gatherer culture, rather than a more settled culture based on agricultural surpluses.
291:, traversed what became the southeastern United States. There he encountered many different mound-builder peoples who were perhaps descendants of the great
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These tribes made up the Kingdom of Israel in Biblical times. When Assyria left their kingdom in ruins, the tribes disappeared and were never seen again.
2193:
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The namesake cultural trait of the Mound Builders was the building of mounds and other earthworks. These burial and ceremonial structures were typically
91:
earthworks that indigenous peoples erected for an extended period of more than 5,000 years. The "Mound Builder" cultures span the period of roughly 3500
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Fort Ancient is the name for a Native American culture that flourished from 1000 to 1650 CE among a people who predominantly inhabited land along the
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on the 1880s Smithsonian explorations to determine who built the ancient earthen mounds in eastern North America can be viewed as part of series
2269:, vol. 34, no. 2, June 1961, pp. 178–90 ("Undoubtedly the most famous and certainly the most influential of all Mound-Builder literature is the
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1886. A major factor contributing to public acceptance of the earthworks as a regular part of North American prehistory was the 1894 report by
948:
from the late 1st millennium CE most likely involved cultural assimilation, in archaeological terminology called "Mississippianised" cultures.
1286:. Later authors placing the Book of Mormon in this context include Silverberg (1969), Brodie (1971), Kennedy (1994), and Garlinghouse (2001).
8109:
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165:, were still active at the time of European contact in the 16th century. One tribe of the Fort Ancient culture has been identified as the
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685:. It had several regional variants including the Middle Mississippian culture of Cahokia, the South Appalachian Mississippian variant at
394:
385:
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societies had not yet developed, by 1000 CE, the formation of simple elite polities had begun. Coles Creek sites are found in Arkansas,
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1534:
87:", but the term has no formal meaning. It does not refer to specific people or archaeological culture but refers to the characteristic
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of the historical period who were encountered by Europeans. A reference to this idea appears in the poem "The Prairies" (1832) by
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alphabets. Meanwhile, the belief that the Native Americans destroyed the mound-builder culture had gained widespread acceptance.
142:
The first mound building was an early marker of political and social complexity among the cultures in the Eastern United States.
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published his translation of a text he claimed had been written in pictographs on wooden tablets. This text explained that the
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artifact. In 1870, Whittlesey declared finally that the Holy Stones and other similar artifacts were "Archaeological Frauds."
592:. Reasons for degeneration include attacks from other tribes or the impact of severe climatic changes undermining agriculture.
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2014:
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1380:, which is an extraordinary set of ancient geometric enclosures created by Indigenous people. There he dug up a four-sided,
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19th-century ethnography assumed that the Mound-builders were an ancient prehistoric race with no direct connection to the
2209:
Gordon M. Sayre, "The Mound Builders and the Imagination of American Antiquity in Jefferson, Bartram, and Chateaubriand",
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6479:
6383:
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2484:, based on the investigations of archaeologist Dr. Bradley Lepper, Ohio Historical Society, Pangea Production Ltd, 1998
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1977:
359:(1758), a French explorer. Both observed them in the area that today is known as Mississippi. The Natchez were devout
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2078:
Haunted Spaces, Sacred Places: A Field Guide to Stone Circles, Crop Circles, Ancient Tombs and Supernatural Landscape
1710:
1329:
969:'s misunderstanding of stratigraphy caused him to significantly overestimate the age of the earthworks. In his book,
837:
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1039:. The Natchez language became extinct in the 20th century, with the death in 1957 of the last known native speaker,
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in western Florida. During this time, in parts of present-day Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana, the Hopewellian
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1211:. In 1797, Barton reconsidered his position and correctly identified the mounds as part of indigenous prehistory.
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Harpster, Jack; Stalter, Jeff. "Captive! The Story of David Ogden and the Iroquois." ABC-CLIO, LLC., 2010, p. xi.
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in the central precinct, encircled by a palisade, surrounded by four plazas, notably the Grand Plaza to the south
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1218:(1830). This provides a related belief, as its narrative describes two major immigrations to the Americas from
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147:
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31:
17:
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expedition that landed in present-day Florida on May 31, 1538. Garcilaso gave a first-hand description in his
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and plazas and surmised that many of the mounds served as foundations for priestly temples. Near present-day
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were constructed in the shapes or outlines of culturally significant animals. The most famous effigy mound,
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language isolate. The first written description of these cultures were made by members of Spanish explorer
170:
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Robert Silverberg, "...And the Mound-Builders Vanished from the Earth", originally in the 1969 edition of
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policies after 1830 forced the Native Americans out of the Southeast and west of the Mississippi River to
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in which a giant human skeleton measuring over 9 feet (2.7 m) in length was found. In 1886, another
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of Egypt were constructed. Watson Brake was being constructed nearly 2,000 years before the better-known
3060:
19th Century Explorers and Anthropologists: Developing the Earliest Smithsonian Anthropology Collections
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2467:
See mound builder homes of "clay-plastered poles": Stuart, George E., Who Were the "Mound Builders"?,
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57:
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phylum. The only tribal name associated with the Fort Ancient culture in the historical record is the
873:, had decimated most of the Native Americans from the last mound-builder civilization, as they had no
363:. Having a population of some 4,000, they occupied at least nine villages and were presided over by a
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charity, and his accomplishments no doubt helped preserve the memory of his father's Garden of Eden.
548:
The oldest mound associated with the Woodland period was the mortuary mound and pond complex at the
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5440:
4382:
4262:
3809:
3664:
3634:
3193:
3095:
1258:
996:
924:
622:
189:
68:
9001:
8996:
2956:, Architecture of First Societies: A Global Perspective, (New York: Wiley & Sons, August 2013)
2300:
Silverberg, Robert. "The Mound Builders." Ohio UP, 1986, pp. 65-66, cited in De Villo Sloan, 2002.
1949:
935:
period). Carbon dating seems to indicate that they were wiped out by successive waves of disease.
931:
The Fort Ancient peoples are known to have been severely affected by disease in the 17th century (
10143:
9954:
9864:
9036:
8803:
8622:
8555:
8287:
7980:
7837:
7647:
7527:
7474:
7335:
7010:
7005:
6965:
5573:
5120:
4948:
4848:
4237:
4100:
3834:
3824:
3784:
3659:
3391:
3326:
3049:
3043:
2976:
1397:, since they would establish that American Indians could be encompassed within Biblical history.
710:
581:
2006:
2000:
1912:
1902:
999:. They are first mentioned in French sources of around 1700, when they were centered around the
10042:
9916:
9522:
9413:
9401:
9097:
8838:
8677:
8314:
8248:
8232:
8005:
7820:
7502:
7068:
6800:
6660:
6552:
6537:
6464:
6114:
5563:
5232:
5191:
5011:
4657:
4592:
4387:
4155:
3769:
3489:
3336:
3279:
3213:
3198:
1207:(1787) proposed the theory that the Mound Builders were associated with "Danes", i.e. with the
705:
225:
112:
61:
5635:
1855:
9781:
9717:
9591:
9284:
9210:
8984:
8979:
8917:
8856:
8793:
8741:
8734:
8280:
8165:
8089:
6795:
6760:
6403:
6193:
6155:
6119:
5614:
5578:
5278:
4813:
4758:
4723:
4402:
3963:
3897:
3844:
3739:
3639:
3406:
3371:
3361:
3302:
2926:
2722:"The Newark Earthworks: Monumental Geometry and Astronomy at a Hopewellian Pilgrimage Center"
2223:
2114:
1877:
1456:
1200:
1122:
956:
945:
677:
671:
513:
502:
481:
Americas, the building of complex earthwork mounds started at an early date, well before the
442:
380:
292:
154:
124:
9166:
2923:
The Emergence of the Moundbuilders: The Archaeology of Tribal Societies in Southeastern Ohio
2783:"Wisconsin Mound Opened: Skeleton Found of a Man Over Nine Feet High with an Enormous Skull"
10047:
9998:
9993:
9976:
9971:
9949:
9739:
9453:
9306:
9198:
9102:
8895:
8580:
8379:
8322:
7790:
6985:
6820:
6350:
6295:
5854:
5166:
5021:
4872:
4818:
4808:
4733:
4422:
4292:
3534:
3386:
3258:
3059:
1518:
1369:
1348:
1307:
1150:
1004:
881:
717:
690:
327:
162:
8550:
3014:
LenaweeHistory.com | Mound Builders section, The Western Historical Society 1909, reprint.
2122:
1778:
8:
10037:
9702:
9507:
9340:
8873:
8746:
8627:
8602:
8170:
8051:
7795:
7756:
7703:
7454:
7404:
7389:
7325:
7310:
7263:
7025:
6745:
6645:
6532:
5849:
5789:
5769:
5673:
5599:
5553:
5148:
5133:
4768:
4738:
4718:
4437:
4247:
4025:
3321:
3248:
3223:
3188:
3168:
3001:
2243:
2030:
1106:
920:
814:
810:
789:
616:
605:
403:
307:. She told him that the mounds within her territory served as burial places for nobles.
9988:
9891:
9793:
9606:
8788:
8518:
8484:
7842:
7484:
7399:
7300:
7253:
7156:
7136:
7043:
6960:
6895:
6830:
6238:
6129:
5864:
5829:
5754:
5734:
5677:
5492:
5354:
5049:
5006:
4938:
4803:
4748:
4641:
4257:
4232:
4110:
3654:
3649:
3509:
3356:
3292:
3273:
3208:
3203:
3135:
2892:
2884:
2807:
2787:
1908:
1898:
1544:
1514:
1443:
1418:
1164:
1060:
977:
874:
776:
758:
585:
158:
4863:
3228:
1684:
10030:
10020:
10010:
9959:
9616:
9534:
8828:
8813:
8798:
8778:
8669:
8648:
8459:
8302:
8150:
8119:
8114:
7693:
7683:
7589:
7444:
7330:
7295:
7243:
7211:
7176:
7171:
7111:
7093:
7058:
7000:
6950:
6910:
6825:
6620:
6582:
6527:
6310:
6273:
6144:
5774:
5749:
5719:
5624:
5456:
5222:
5196:
4996:
4900:
4843:
4788:
4693:
4574:
4533:
4407:
4362:
4327:
4136:
3937:
3644:
3401:
3381:
3163:
3037:
2930:
2896:
2762:
2729:
2355:
2330:
2129:
2081:
2010:
1916:
1808:
1377:
1325:
1303:
1291:
1275:
1088:
764:
534:
256:
136:
5874:
10025:
9932:
9675:
9458:
9258:
9178:
9134:
8934:
8756:
8607:
8567:
7725:
7720:
7708:
7652:
7642:
7469:
7273:
7191:
7126:
6835:
6682:
6655:
6625:
6428:
6418:
5334:
5062:
4773:
4703:
4698:
4447:
4337:
4080:
3917:
3869:
3819:
3759:
3674:
3599:
3589:
3564:
3519:
3366:
3316:
3297:
3287:
3238:
3233:
2876:
2128:. Central Connecticut State Univ: McGraw Hill. pp. 151–155, 159–160, 164–166.
1486:
1410:
1261:
in Ohio and New York, Priest concluded that these mounds could be traced back to a
1032:
989:
832:
785:
781:
747:
693:, the Plaquemine Mississippian variant in south Louisiana and Mississippi, and the
572:
509:
356:
344:
323:
315:
300:
284:
178:
174:
120:
104:
9517:
9473:
10113:
9906:
9876:
9638:
9566:
9544:
9502:
9397:
9367:
9232:
9227:
8878:
8761:
8332:
7832:
7773:
7730:
7713:
7698:
7459:
7429:
7161:
6925:
6890:
6880:
6840:
6562:
6509:
6469:
6393:
6355:
6228:
5779:
5714:
5538:
5533:
5497:
5403:
5365:
5324:
5242:
5176:
4976:
4915:
4652:
4548:
4377:
4201:
3973:
3927:
3679:
3624:
3614:
3474:
3253:
3183:
3178:
3158:
3125:
3008:
2822:
2231:
2197:
1568:
1560:
1460:
1385:
1337:
1197:, summarised by Feder (2006) under the heading of "The Myth of a Vanished Race".
1092:
806:
589:
525:
454:
364:
267:
108:
2756:
1376:, discovered the so-called "Keystone" in a shallow excavation at the monumental
944:
millennia so that any ethnolinguistic continuity is unlikely. The spread of the
600:
310:
10015:
9942:
9729:
9660:
9549:
9421:
9129:
8714:
8704:
8525:
8506:
8056:
7888:
7805:
7800:
7768:
7735:
7517:
7384:
7231:
6955:
6805:
6780:
6770:
6285:
6134:
6124:
5844:
5799:
5744:
5344:
5237:
5227:
5128:
5082:
5001:
4991:
4961:
4317:
4272:
4040:
4030:
3669:
3499:
3454:
3351:
3263:
3218:
2953:
2726:
Hero, Hawk, and Open Hand: American Indian Art of the Ancient Midwest and South
2641:
2398:
1572:
1501:
hoax had considerable influence on perceptions of the Mound Builders. In 1836,
1344:
1318:
1313:
1283:
1215:
1028:
1024:
1008:
981:
801:
742:
477:
352:
296:
206:
194:
4603:
3932:
3064:
3055:
2701:"RANDALL CARLSON on TUCKER CARLSON TODAY - S02E123 - ENVIRONMENTAL EARTHWORKS"
2700:
231:
10072:
9901:
9886:
9832:
9810:
9707:
9695:
9611:
9480:
9362:
9323:
9311:
9299:
9011:
8922:
8851:
8592:
8535:
8513:
8422:
8354:
8349:
8327:
8155:
8025:
7815:
7635:
7564:
7522:
7479:
7439:
7414:
7268:
7201:
7196:
7166:
7015:
6990:
6900:
6850:
6765:
6702:
6635:
6388:
6335:
6243:
5989:
5859:
5764:
5594:
5466:
5110:
5095:
4925:
4798:
4367:
4357:
4312:
4282:
4185:
3912:
3907:
3799:
3749:
3744:
3729:
3719:
3714:
3464:
3341:
3153:
3130:
2959:
2110:
1510:
1246:
1074:
980:, a late variant of the Mississippian culture, were ancestral to the related
966:
731:
646:. The Coles Creek culture is considered ancestral to the Plaquemine culture.
568:
560:
542:
486:
459:
252:
236:
116:
80:
65:
8442:
2758:
Frauds, myths, and mysteries : science and pseudoscience in archaeology
2170:
Hidden Cities: The Discovery and Loss of Ancient North American Civilization
9820:
9776:
9757:
9712:
9512:
9436:
9193:
9188:
9144:
8771:
8653:
8617:
8597:
8449:
8427:
8339:
8175:
8160:
8079:
7926:
7862:
7662:
7625:
7494:
7394:
7345:
7248:
7206:
6980:
6945:
6810:
6785:
6712:
6697:
6687:
6675:
6587:
6572:
6489:
6444:
6188:
6058:
5824:
5668:
5609:
5558:
5502:
5329:
5319:
5171:
5105:
5057:
4763:
4708:
4688:
4322:
4115:
4070:
4020:
4010:
3990:
3958:
3859:
3814:
3794:
3579:
3559:
3524:
3439:
3424:
3243:
3115:
2943:
2656:
2564:
1478:
1373:
916:
654:
473:
447:
399:
304:
288:
248:
143:
96:
9869:
767:
Valley in western Mississippi and eastern Louisiana. Examples include the
9859:
9849:
9805:
9800:
9752:
9690:
9653:
9626:
9527:
9497:
9372:
9294:
9215:
9203:
8964:
8949:
8939:
8910:
8868:
8783:
8751:
8699:
8632:
8469:
8344:
8201:
8134:
8094:
8061:
7763:
7615:
7559:
7507:
7221:
7078:
6865:
6775:
6719:
6670:
6449:
6340:
6315:
6268:
6253:
6093:
5819:
5759:
5472:
5461:
5314:
5186:
4523:
4487:
4427:
4397:
4392:
4227:
3968:
3849:
3829:
3694:
3554:
3544:
3429:
3173:
2352:
The Mound Builder Myth: Fake History and the Hunt for a "Lost White Race"
1522:
1295:
1254:
1219:
1040:
932:
768:
663:
639:
549:
498:
407:
360:
217:
128:
72:
43:
4147:
621:
The Coles Creek culture is a Late Woodland culture (700–1200 CE) in the
173:. The bearers of the Plaquemine culture were presumably speakers of the
10003:
9896:
9854:
9670:
9633:
9596:
9492:
9079:
8991:
8818:
8719:
8692:
8612:
8410:
8364:
8275:
8243:
7921:
7512:
7464:
7434:
7374:
7181:
6940:
6750:
6692:
6650:
6640:
6494:
6373:
6078:
5398:
5206:
4793:
4636:
4462:
4302:
4180:
4005:
3902:
3774:
3689:
3514:
2834:
1498:
1394:
1360:
1257:
journals, supplemented by information from his travels. After visiting
885:
723:
412:
132:
92:
3604:
2963:
Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology
2888:
2864:
2124:
Frauds, Myths, And Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology
39:
9911:
9680:
9665:
9263:
9248:
9173:
9156:
9074:
8959:
8900:
8890:
8885:
8808:
8687:
8575:
8501:
8268:
8258:
8015:
7584:
7574:
7554:
7449:
7258:
7146:
7038:
6815:
6499:
6413:
6024:
5709:
5487:
5477:
5445:
5435:
5288:
4895:
3779:
3609:
3032:
3023:
1667:
1641:(Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 1. Washington DC, 1848)
1539:
1448:
1381:
1262:
1012:
897:
870:
844:" because of his Incan mother. He was the record-keeper of the noted
772:
631:
210:
166:
153:
From about 800 CE, the mound-building cultures were dominated by the
1717:, edited by Mark A. Rees, Ian W. (FRW) Brown, LSU Press, 2010, p. 67
1226:(ca. 3000 - 2000 BCE) and an Israelite group during 590 BCE (termed
530:
9685:
9621:
9468:
9426:
9161:
9069:
8944:
8766:
8729:
8709:
7810:
7778:
6995:
6920:
6263:
6258:
6068:
5548:
5283:
3978:
3942:
3892:
3754:
3539:
2970:
2880:
2263:
Curtis Dahl, "Mound-Builders, Mormons, and William Cullen Bryant",
1235:
1231:
1223:
1190:
1036:
1020:
1016:
866:
727:
635:
627:
576:
482:
416:
2435:
Garlinghouse, Thomas, "Revisiting the Mound Builder Controversy",
1400:
157:, a large archaeological horizon, whose youngest descendants, the
9747:
9539:
9485:
9431:
9253:
9059:
8969:
8823:
8724:
8682:
8545:
8464:
8417:
8405:
7785:
7599:
7579:
7033:
6930:
6248:
3985:
3469:
3346:
3268:
2705:
2327:
Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory
1554:
1426:
1227:
682:
659:
221:
202:
127:. Geographically, the cultures were present in the region of the
54:
2236:
9815:
9352:
9330:
9183:
9119:
9064:
8454:
8432:
8400:
8374:
8180:
7366:
7236:
6885:
6790:
6139:
5665:
5619:
5268:
5263:
3331:
1799:
Kidder, Tristram (1998). R. Barry Lewis; Charles Stout (eds.).
1506:
1463:
referred to the giants whose bones fill the mounds of America.
985:
893:
797:
348:
295:. De Soto observed people living in fortified towns with lofty
276:
6185:
904:
in 1684 as inhabiting eight villages north of the Ohio River.
9881:
9601:
9335:
9289:
9151:
9006:
8954:
8530:
8496:
7569:
7315:
6845:
6707:
5293:
4075:
2721:
2549:
See freshwater pearl necklaces, and pearls sewn on clothing:
1578:
1438:
1414:
1299:
643:
88:
2312:
Mound Builders of Ancient America: The Archaeology of a Myth
1998:
1668:
The Case for Archaic Period Mounds in Southeastern Louisiana
1214:
Notable for the association with the Ten Lost Tribes is the
9827:
9788:
9268:
9124:
9054:
8974:
8846:
8359:
5273:
4035:
2948:
Report on the mound explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology
2553:, Lost Civilizations series, Dale M. Brown (editor), pg. 26
2527:, Lost Civilizations series, Dale M. Brown (editor), pg. 26
2510:, Lost Civilizations series, Dale M. Brown (editor), pg. 26
2376:
Mound Builders of Ancient America: The Archeology of a Myth
1575:
that the Mound Builders were among those peoples described.
1509:
Indians originated in Asia, told of their passage over the
564:
2002:
Archaeology of prehistoric native America: an encyclopedia
1904:
Archaeology of the Mississippian culture: a research guide
9139:
8905:
8863:
1725:
1723:
1674:, Vol. 13, No. 2, Winter 1994. Retrieved November 4, 2011
1937:
Red, White and Black: The Peoples of Early North America
995:
The Natchez are known to have historically occupied the
555:
The Archaic period was followed by the Woodland period (
2588:
1612:
Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: The New Pragmatism,
763:
A continuation of the Coles Creek culture in the lower
3052:(a mound complex in Louisiana at 5400u–5000 years ago)
2616:
1720:
1336:") association of the Mound Builders. Similarly, the "
976:
It is now thought that the most likely bearers of the
415:. All of the sites that they identified as located in
915:) recorded in the same area in the 18th century. The
501:. It is the major site among 100 associated with the
2921:
Abrams, Elliot M.; Freter, AnnCorinne, eds. (2005).
2851:
Traditions of Dee-Coo-Dah and Antiquarian Researches
1035:(admitted in the early 20th century as the state of
923:
but is now recognized as an eccentric member of the
392:
The most complete reference for these earthworks is
146:
in Louisiana, constructed about 3500 BCE during the
83:
cultures in North America were collectively termed "
2865:"The 'Monumental Tortoise' Mounds of 'Dee-Coo-Dah'"
907:
The Mosopelea is most likely identical to the Ofo (
840:(c.1539–1616), a Spanish chronicler also known as "
5395:
2329:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
2121:
1897:
216:The best-known flat-topped pyramidal structure is
3044:With Climate Swing, a Culture Bloomed in Americas
2404:No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith
1999:Guy E. Gibbon; Kenneth M. Ames (August 1, 1998).
1455:article described water receding from a mound in
1176:
559:1000 BCE). Some well-understood examples are the
450:, the oldest known mound complex in North America
10070:
7918:
2521:American Antiquities and Discoveries in the West
2495:American Antiquities and Discoveries in the West
2383:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSilverberg1969 (
1485:. Earlier authors making a similar case include
1368:On June 29, 1860, David Wyrick, the surveyor of
709:Artist's conception of the Fort Ancient culture
303:, de Soto encountered a group ruled by a queen,
10124:16th-century disestablishments in North America
4633:
3094:
2761:. Internet Archive. Boston : McGraw-Hill.
2562:
928:down or broken goods reforged into new items.
771:in West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana; and the
726:in areas of modern-day southern Ohio, northern
275:, thought to be the capital of the province of
239:in southern Ohio, as published in the magazine
7938:List of archaeological periods (North America)
5694:List of archaeological periods (North America)
5518:University of Tennessee Agriculture Farm Mound
5420:List of archaeological periods (North America)
4668:List of archaeological periods (North America)
4212:List of archaeological periods (North America)
1779:"Southeastern Prehistory-Late Woodland Period"
8217:
7904:
6171:
5651:
5381:
4619:
4163:
3080:
2420:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKennedy1994 (
1652:Cahokia: The Great Native American Metropolis
1205:Observations on Some Parts of Natural History
571:, and parts of nearby states. The subsequent
169:, presumably of southeast Ohio, who spoke an
5483:Little Maquoketa River Mounds State Preserve
2920:
2657:"The Mound Builders of North America Part I"
2453:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSquier1849 (
2378:(New York: New York Graphic Society, 1968);
2343:
2318:
1183:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories
971:Antiquities Discovered in the Western States
5310:Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
2972:Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
2968:
2619:"Adam and Eve –and Reverend West – in Ohio"
2080:. USA: The Career Press. pp. 295–296.
1968:
1966:
1950:"Mississippian and Late Prehistoric Period"
1878:"Mississippian and Late Prehistoric Period"
1662:
1660:
1639:Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
1417:. Naturally enough, it became known as the
1253:centered around his study of the Bible and
395:Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
386:Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley
8231:
8224:
8210:
7911:
7897:
6178:
6164:
5658:
5644:
5388:
5374:
4626:
4612:
4170:
4156:
3087:
3073:
2720:Townsend, Richard F. (September 6, 2016),
2439:, September 2001, Vol. 51, Issue 9, p. 38.
2379:
2314:. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society.
2309:
1854:. New Georgia Encyclopedia. Archived from
1535:List of burial mounds in the United States
4754:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
4177:
3595:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
2471:, Vol. 142, No. 6, December 1972, pg. 789
1992:
1849:
1610:Robert W. Preucel, Stephen A. Mrozowski,
1413:, and the robed figure was identified as
649:
512:, Florida, now a gated community next to
370:
10094:Archaeological cultures of North America
4829:Seip Earthworks and Dill Mounds District
2719:
2407:(rev. ed., New York: Knopf, 1971) p. 36.
2354:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
2349:
2324:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2075:
1963:
1657:
1557:, mounds (or barrows) of Europe and Asia
1425:stone bore no resemblance to any modern
1399:
1359:
1298:civilizations such as the (Pre-Classic)
741:
704:
653:
599:
529:
453:
441:
374:
309:
266:
230:
188:
99:) to the 16th century CE, including the
38:
5162:Crystal River Archaeological State Park
4854:Williamson Mound Archeological District
2843:
2821:
2617:Brook Wilensky-Lanford (May 23, 2011).
2416:
1447:article from 1897 described a mound in
1328:websites claiming association with the
1294:civilizations, including the formative
792:. This resulted in the adaption of new
700:
318:, showing the burial of a Timucua chief
27:Pre-Columbian cultures of North America
14:
10071:
2965:. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2006.
2863:Lewis, Theodore H. (January 1, 1886).
2679:"The Black Washitaw Nation of America"
2449:
2056:Burial Mounds of the Northern Sections
2053:
1798:
938:
595:
181:'s expedition, between 1540 and 1542.
9395:
9034:
8300:
8205:
7892:
6159:
5639:
5369:
4881:Carrier Mills Archaeological District
4607:
4151:
3068:
2862:
2754:
2482:Searching for the Great Hopewell Road
2155:Davis Brose and N'omi Greber (eds.),
2109:
2094:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2049:
2047:
1801:Mississippian Towns and Sacred Spaces
1685:"Important new findings in Louisiana"
1654:(University of Illinois Press, 2000).
737:
588:degenerated and was succeeded by the
402:and Edwin H. Davis. It was published
262:
9396:
2983:
2969:Squier, E. G.; Davis, E. H. (1847).
1755:Saunders, in Rees and Brown (2010),
1742:Saunders, in Rees and Brown (2010),
1729:Saunders, in Rees and Brown (2010),
1628:(University Press of Florida, 1995).
1626:Lost Cities of the Ancient Southeast
1581:(Archaeology and the Book of Mormon)
1355:
1171:
476:is located in the floodplain of the
4066:Norse colonization of North America
3019:Artist Hideout, Art of the Ancients
2869:The American Journal of Archaeology
2551:Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers
2525:Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers
2508:Mound Builders & Cliff Dwellers
2159:(Kent State University Press, 1979)
1703:
1615:John Wiley & Sons, 2010, p. 177
1209:Norse colonization of North America
24:
6194:Mississippian and related cultures
5873:
5068:Marksville Prehistoric Indian Site
2914:
2836:Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
2829:[c. September 25–30, 1848]
2563:Hearn, Lafcadio (April 24, 1876).
2244:"The Plaquemine Culture, A.D 1000"
2062:
2044:
2031:"The Plaquemine Culture, A.D 1000"
1939:Los Angeles: 2015. Chapter 1, p. 6
519:
25:
10155:
9348:Megalithic architectural elements
5605:Extreme weather events of 535–536
5035:Renner Village Archeological Site
4957:Albany Mounds State Historic Site
2995:
2538:The Archaeology of New York State
1650:Biloine Young and Melvin Fowler,
1330:Moorish Science Temple of America
1023:. They traveled with them on the
575:built monuments from present-day
139:Valley and its tributary waters.
10119:4th-millennium BC establishments
10089:Formative period in the Americas
9035:
7989:
7920:
6187:
5667:
5397:
4862:
4635:
4588:
4587:
4446:
4179:
2589:Ohio Historical Society (1901).
1852:"Mississippian Period: Overview"
1637:Ephraim Squier and Edwin Davis,
1332:, have taken up the Atlantean ("
1157:
1143:
1129:
1115:
1099:
1081:
1067:
1053:
820:
10084:Archaic period in North America
9967:Evolutionary origin of religion
7828:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
4086:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2856:
2815:
2795:
2775:
2748:
2713:
2693:
2671:
2649:
2610:
2582:
2556:
2543:
2530:
2513:
2500:
2487:
2474:
2461:
2442:
2429:
2410:
2392:
2368:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2257:
2216:
2203:
2175:
2162:
2149:
2115:"The Myth of the Moundbuilders"
2023:
1942:
1929:
1891:
1870:
1843:
1821:
1792:
1771:
1762:
1749:
1736:
1711:Middle Archaic and Watson Brake
1550:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
852:(published in 1605, Lisbon, as
6210:Timeline of Mississippi valley
5340:Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks
5153:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture
5030:Cloverdale archaeological site
2839:. Vol. 2. pp. 10–11.
1835:. July 1, 2010. Archived from
1677:
1644:
1631:
1618:
1603:
1594:
1177:The myth of the Mound Builders
902:Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin
464:West Carroll Parish, Louisiana
438:Archaic period in the Americas
431:
32:Mound builder (disambiguation)
13:
1:
9580:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
9110:British megalith architecture
8047:Feurt Mounds and Village Site
7410:Grand Village of the Illinois
5040:Trowbridge Archeological Site
4987:Naples Archeological District
2185:, collected in the anthology
1587:
1503:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1492:
1343:In a January 2023 episode of
1249:'s 1833 400-page publication
1137:Caddoan Mississippian culture
953:Southeastern Woodland peoples
831:Following the description by
695:Caddoan Mississippian culture
426:
421:Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
419:came from the manuscripts of
47:
9575:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
9115:Nordic megalith architecture
7187:Grand Village of the Natchez
6110:Eastern Agricultural Complex
5911:Bayou Grande Cheniere Mounds
5350:Eastern Agricultural Complex
5091:Bynum Mound and Village Site
5073:Mott Archaeological Preserve
4051:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
4001:Eastern Agricultural Complex
3024:Ancient Monuments Placemarks
2728:, Art Institute of Chicago,
2621:. The Common. Archived from
1483:Bureau of American Ethnology
7:
10139:Nationalism and archaeology
8042:Buffalo Indian Village Site
6205:List of Mississippian sites
6030:Southwest of Cut Off Lagoon
5508:St. Croix River Access Site
4972:Golden Eagle-Toppmeyer Site
4197:List of Adena culture sites
3435:Bandelier National Monument
3309:List of Mississippian sites
3096:Pre-Columbian North America
2833:. In Basler, Roy P. (ed.).
2310:Silverberg, Robert (1968).
1805:University of Alabama Press
1571:- an interpretation of the
1528:
919:was formerly classified as
859:
171:Ohio Valley Siouan language
10:
10160:
10079:Pre-Columbian architecture
9723:British Isles and Brittany
9644:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
5805:Mazique Archeological Site
5248:Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)
4860:
4539:Lynden Reynolds Farm Mound
3855:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
3460:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
3169:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
2853:. Horace Thayer, New York.
2803:"Monster Skulls and Bones"
2755:Feder, Kenneth L. (2006).
2640:became the founder of the
2325:Williams, Stephen (1991).
1974:"Plaquemine-Mississippian"
827:Mississippian shatter zone
824:
805:those tribes speaking the
756:
715:
669:
614:
610:Warren County, Mississippi
539:Moundsville, West Virginia
523:
435:
58:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
10129:Pyramids in North America
9925:
9738:
9565:
9412:
9408:
9391:
9277:
9241:
9090:
9047:
9043:
9030:
8837:
8668:
8641:
8566:
8492:
8483:
8388:
8313:
8309:
8301:
8296:
8239:
8143:
8125:Ronald Watson Gravel site
8070:
8034:
7998:
7987:
7951:
7933:
7855:
7744:
7676:
7608:
7547:
7540:
7493:
7365:
7354:
7284:
7135:
7092:
7024:
6732:
6606:
6518:
6437:
6364:
6227:
6218:
6200:
6102:
6051:
5884:
5871:
5835:Shackleford Church Mounds
5702:
5684:
5587:
5526:
5428:
5410:
5302:
5256:
5216:Other Hopewellian peoples
5215:
5147:
5119:
5081:
5048:
5020:
4947:
4924:
4871:
4839:Shriver Circle Earthworks
4676:
4648:
4583:
4567:
4501:
4455:
4444:
4220:
4192:
4124:
4096:Three Sisters agriculture
3951:
3883:
3415:
3144:
3102:
3050:Science 19 September 1997
2827:"Fragment: Niagara Falls
2266:The New England Quarterly
2222:Bryant, William Cullen, "
2211:Early American Literature
2058:. Salzwasser-Verlag Gmbh.
1432:
1268:Ten Lost Tribes of Israel
1195:Ten Lost Tribes of Israel
1185:, specifically involving
752:Yazoo County, Mississippi
184:
135:Valley, Florida, and the
7122:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
5973:Little Pecan Island Site
5894:Atchafalaya Basin Mounds
5725:Churupa Plantation Mound
5441:Beattie Park Mound Group
3635:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
3194:Buttermilk Creek complex
3046:(mound builders in Peru)
2849:Pidgeon, William (1858)
2659:. Federation : MSTA
2536:See Ritchie, William A.
2350:Colavito, Jason (2020).
2230:January 5, 2007, at the
2196:August 28, 2008, at the
2076:Haughton, Brian (2008).
1757:Archaeology of Louisiana
1744:Archaeology of Louisiana
1731:Archaeology of Louisiana
1715:Archaeology of Louisiana
1672:Southeastern Archaeology
997:Lower Mississippi Valley
676:Around 900–1450 CE, the
623:Lower Mississippi Valley
10109:Native American history
9955:Evolutionary musicology
9358:Oldest extant buildings
9285:Archaeological features
8804:Prepared-core technique
7981:SunWatch Indian Village
7752:Ballgame (Southeastern)
7648:Long-nosed god maskette
7528:SunWatch Indian Village
7475:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs
7336:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
5956:Greenwood Cemetery Site
5574:Suwannee Valley culture
5121:Point Peninsula complex
4949:Havana Hopewell culture
4849:Tremper Mound and Works
4784:Nettle Lake Mound Group
3835:Town Creek Indian Mound
3805:Sierra de San Francisco
3660:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
2977:Smithsonian Institution
2592:Ohio history, Volume 10
1829:"Troyville-Coles Creek"
1472:The antiquarian author
1046:
992:is a language isolate.
711:SunWatch Indian Village
339:Jacques le Moyne, 1560s
283:Between 1540 and 1542,
193:A mound diagram of the
10134:Archaeology and racism
10099:Pre-Columbian cultures
9917:Unchambered long cairn
9765:Mound Builders culture
9098:Neolithic architecture
8233:Prehistoric technology
8006:Alligator Effigy Mound
7503:Alligator Effigy Mound
7117:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
7069:Leon-Jefferson culture
6465:Caborn-Welborn culture
6115:Fourche Maline culture
5878:
5795:Lamarque Landing Mound
5564:Princess Point complex
5544:Clemson Island culture
5404:Late Woodland cultures
5233:Fourche Maline culture
5192:Swift Creek mound site
5012:Toolesboro Mound Group
4658:List of Hopewell sites
3490:Coso Rock Art District
3377:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
3280:List of Hopewell sites
3007:June 11, 2011, at the
2054:Thomas, Cyrus (2018).
2005:. Routledge. pp.
1470:
1409:to include the entire
1405:
1365:
850:Historia de la Florida
754:
713:
667:
650:Mississippian cultures
612:
545:
466:
451:
389:
371:Archaeological surveys
361:worshippers of the sun
342:
319:
280:
244:
226:Collinsville, Illinois
198:
76:
62:Collinsville, Illinois
9592:List of Stone Age art
8794:Microblade technology
8742:Langdale axe industry
8340:Ard / plough
8166:Mississippian culture
6232:and Upper Mississippi
6120:Mississippian culture
6064:Chandler Landing Site
5877:
5615:Mississippian culture
5579:Weeden Island culture
4819:Rocky Fork Enclosures
4814:Portsmouth Earthworks
4759:Indian Mound Cemetery
4724:Everett Knoll Complex
4348:Odd Fellows' Cemetery
3898:Arlington Springs Man
3740:Portsmouth Earthworks
2984:Gale, George (1867).
2927:Ohio University Press
1565:Mormon publications:
1465:
1457:Cartersville, Georgia
1403:
1363:
1201:Benjamin Smith Barton
1123:Mississippian culture
1003:close to present-day
957:William Cullen Bryant
946:Mississippian culture
745:
708:
678:Mississippian culture
672:Mississippian culture
657:
603:
533:
503:Poverty Point culture
457:
445:
381:Portsmouth Earthworks
378:
332:
313:
293:Mississippian culture
270:
234:
192:
155:Mississippian culture
148:Middle Archaic period
95:(the construction of
42:
9999:Prehistoric medicine
9994:Prehistoric counting
9977:Prehistoric religion
9972:Paleolithic religion
9950:Behavioral modernity
9307:Causewayed enclosure
9199:Abri de la Madeleine
8323:Neolithic Revolution
7927:Fort Ancient culture
7791:Earth/fertility cult
7495:Fort Ancient culture
6379:Dogtooth Bend Mounds
6365:Lower Ohio River and
6351:Steed-Kisker culture
5967:Little Cheniere Site
5921:Bayou Portage Mounds
5855:Troyville Earthworks
5689:Late Woodland period
5610:Fort Ancient culture
5167:Etowah Indian Mounds
5022:Kansas City Hopewell
4873:Crab Orchard culture
4734:Fortified Hill Works
4288:Highbanks Metro Park
4106:Transoceanic contact
3996:Container Revolution
3570:Gila Cliff Dwellings
3535:Etowah Indian Mounds
2791:. December 20, 1897.
2565:"The Mound Builders"
2493:See Priest, Josiah,
2157:Hopewell Archaeology
1839:on January 10, 2012.
1833:Louisiana prehistory
1349:Tucker Carlson Today
1347:'s Fox Nation show "
1251:American Antiquities
1151:Fort Ancient culture
1005:Natchez, Mississippi
882:Fort Ancient culture
838:Garcilaso de la Vega
746:Illustration of the
718:Fort Ancient culture
701:Fort Ancient culture
271:Illustration of the
203:flat-topped pyramids
163:Fort Ancient culture
125:Mississippian period
71:in America north of
30:For other uses, see
10038:Prehistoric warfare
8784:Magdalenian culture
8747:Levallois technique
8678:Earliest toolmaking
8171:Monongahela culture
8052:Hardin Village site
7796:Green Corn Ceremony
7356:Upper Mississippian
7306:Blue Spring Shelter
7026:Fort Walton culture
6480:Hovey Lake District
6019:Schwing Place Mound
5926:Bayou Sorrel Mounds
5850:Transylvania Mounds
5790:Kings Crossing site
5770:Frogmore Mound Site
5740:Cypress Grove Mound
5678:Plum Bayou cultures
5600:Belle Glade culture
5554:Monongahela culture
5149:Swift Creek culture
5134:Serpent Mounds Park
4769:Marietta Earthworks
4739:Great Hopewell Road
4719:Ety Habitation Site
4642:Hopewellian peoples
4502:West Virginia sites
4418:Story (Chillicothe)
4026:Green Corn Ceremony
3840:Turkey River Mounds
3630:Lake Jackson Mounds
3450:Blue Spring Shelter
2625:on November 4, 2011
2469:National Geographic
2374:Robert Silverberg,
2213:33 (1998): 225–249.
2189:; available online
1666:Rebecca Saunders, "
1384:-shaped stone with
1107:Coles Creek culture
1061:Hopewell traditions
939:Massacre and revolt
854:La Florida del Inca
815:Muskogean languages
790:St. Louis, Missouri
617:Coles Creek culture
606:Kings Crossing site
596:Coles Creek culture
379:A depiction of the
235:A depiction of the
224:, near present-day
53:and located at the
9989:Origin of language
9982:Spiritual drug use
9892:Rectangular dolmen
9794:Dartmoor kistvaens
9607:Carved stone balls
9319:Circular enclosure
9278:Other architecture
9221:Alp pile dwellings
8809:Solutrean industry
8720:Gravettian culture
8370:Secondary products
7878:de Soto Expedition
7843:Underwater panther
7689:Central Algonquian
7400:Fisher Mound Group
7044:Apalachee Province
7011:Waddells Mill Pond
6130:Plaquemine culture
6042:Temple Mounds Site
6036:St. Gabriel Mounds
6013:Richeau Field Site
5938:Cypress Point Site
5879:
5865:Wade Landing Mound
5830:Scott Place Mounds
5755:Filhiol Mound Site
5735:Crippen Point site
5493:Memorial Park Site
5355:Underwater panther
5279:Fresh water pearls
5257:Exotic trade items
5182:Miner's Creek site
5139:LeVescounte Mounds
5050:Marksville culture
5007:Sinnissippi Mounds
4939:Norton Mound group
4804:Perin Village Site
4749:Hopeton Earthworks
4559:Turkey Creek Mound
4413:Story (Cincinnati)
4383:Ross Trails Circle
4353:Old Maid's Orchard
4263:George Deffenbaugh
4111:Underwater panther
3785:Rosenstock Village
3655:Marmes Rockshelter
3640:L'Anse aux Meadows
3033:The Mound Builders
2990:. Chicago: Clarke.
2808:The New York Times
2788:The New York Times
2187:A Sense of History
2172:(Free Press, 1994)
1909:Garland Publishing
1899:Peter N. Peregrine
1850:Adam King (2002).
1709:Joe W. Saunders, "
1624:Mallory O'Connor,
1545:Prehistory of Ohio
1406:
1391:Charles Whittlesey
1366:
1240:The Book of Mormon
1165:Plaquemine culture
978:Plaquemine culture
877:to such diseases.
794:pottery techniques
759:Plaquemine culture
755:
738:Plaquemine culture
714:
668:
613:
586:Marksville culture
546:
467:
452:
390:
320:
281:
279:visited by de Soto
263:Early descriptions
245:
199:
159:Plaquemine culture
77:
51: 950–1100 CE
10066:
10065:
10062:
10061:
10058:
10057:
10011:Prehistoric music
9960:music archaeology
9617:Cup and ring mark
9442:Clothing/textiles
9387:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9026:
9025:
9022:
9021:
8829:Yubetsu technique
8814:Striking platform
8779:Lithic technology
8664:
8663:
8649:Game drive system
8568:Projectile points
8460:Mortar and pestle
8199:
8198:
8191:Springwells phase
8151:Bone Stone Graves
8120:Madisonville site
8115:Lower Shawneetown
8090:Cleek–McCabe site
7961:Fort Ancient site
7886:
7885:
7851:
7850:
7536:
7535:
7152:Atchafalaya Basin
7094:Pensacola culture
7059:Fort Walton Mound
6951:Punk Rock Shelter
6911:Mouse Creek phase
6734:South Appalachian
6728:
6727:
6607:Central and Lower
6548:Castalian Springs
6538:Brentwood Library
6438:Middle Ohio River
6291:Emerald Acropolis
6153:
6152:
6145:Troyville culture
6089:Plum Bayou Mounds
5962:Kleinpeter Mounds
5916:Bayou L’Ours Site
5899:Bayou Black Mound
5887:Coles Creek sites
5775:Ghost Site Mounds
5750:Feltus Mound Site
5703:Coles Creek sites
5633:
5632:
5625:St. Johns culture
5569:Springwells phase
5457:Brinsfield I Site
5363:
5362:
5223:Armstrong culture
5197:Third Gulf Breeze
4997:Ogden-Fettie Site
4906:O'byams Fort site
4901:Mount Vernon Site
4844:Stubbs Earthworks
4824:Rocky Fork Mounds
4789:Newark Earthworks
4694:Cary Village Site
4601:
4600:
4575:Mounds State Park
4509:Camden Park Mound
4298:Hodgen's Cemetery
4145:
4144:
4137:Pre-Columbian era
3938:Spirit Cave mummy
3735:Plum Bayou Mounds
3645:Lynch Quarry Site
3164:Ancient Beringian
3056:Bruce Smith video
3038:Project Gutenberg
2975:. Washington DC:
2960:Feder, Kenneth L.
2936:978-0-8214-1609-9
2768:978-0-07-286948-4
2735:978-0-300-22560-0
2183:American Heritage
2135:978-0-07-286948-4
2111:Feder, Kenneth L.
2087:978-1-60163-000-1
2016:978-0-8153-0725-9
1922:978-0-8153-0336-7
1814:978-0-8173-0947-3
1378:Newark Earthworks
1356:Newark Holy Stone
1326:Black nationalist
1276:Robert Silverberg
1172:Pseudoarchaeology
1089:Troyville culture
765:Mississippi River
535:Grave Creek Mound
400:Ephraim G. Squier
137:Mississippi River
121:Hopewell cultures
64:, is the largest
16:(Redirected from
10151:
10026:Divje Babe flute
9933:Archaeoastronomy
9676:Petrosomatoglyph
9410:
9409:
9393:
9392:
9242:Water management
9045:
9044:
9032:
9031:
8935:Denticulate tool
8757:Lithic reduction
8490:
8489:
8311:
8310:
8298:
8297:
8226:
8219:
8212:
8203:
8202:
7993:
7925:
7924:
7913:
7906:
7899:
7890:
7889:
7653:Mill Creek chert
7643:Duck River cache
7545:
7544:
7363:
7362:
7127:Pensacola people
6921:Muscogee (Creek)
6761:Bell Field Mound
6475:Hovey Lake-Klein
6429:Wickliffe Mounds
6404:Rowlandton Mound
6321:Lunsford-Pulcher
6225:
6224:
6192:
6191:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6157:
6156:
6052:Plum Bayou sites
5944:Eagle Point Site
5815:Mound Plantation
5730:Coles Creek Site
5672:
5671:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5637:
5636:
5402:
5401:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5367:
5366:
5335:Hopewell pottery
5063:Grand Gulf Mound
4982:Mound House site
4866:
4774:Moorehead Circle
4744:High Banks Works
4704:Dunns Pond Mound
4699:Cedar-Bank Works
4640:
4639:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4605:
4604:
4591:
4590:
4450:
4433:Wright-Patterson
4388:Short Woods Park
4184:
4183:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4081:Projectile point
3918:Leanderthal Lady
3845:Upward Sun River
3820:Stallings Island
3810:Shell ring sites
3760:Recapture Canyon
3675:Moorehead Circle
3520:El Fin del Mundo
3505:Cueva de la Olla
3311:
3298:Maritime Archaic
3282:
3112:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3066:
3065:
3040:
2991:
2980:
2940:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2860:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2823:Lincoln, Abraham
2819:
2813:
2812:
2811:. April 5, 1886.
2799:
2793:
2792:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2632:
2630:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2560:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2534:
2528:
2519:Priest, Josiah,
2517:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2414:
2408:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2240:
2234:
2220:
2214:
2207:
2201:
2179:
2173:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2127:
2119:
2107:
2092:
2091:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2020:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1980:on April 2, 2015
1976:. Archived from
1970:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1946:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1858:on March 1, 2012
1847:
1841:
1840:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1664:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1487:Thomas Jefferson
1411:Ten Commandments
1280:Stephen Williams
1278:, archaeologist
1161:
1147:
1133:
1119:
1103:
1085:
1071:
1057:
1033:Indian Territory
1009:Natchez revolted
990:Natchez language
833:Jacques le Moyne
748:Holly Bluff site
658:Illustration of
604:Illustration of
573:Hopewell culture
458:Illustration of
446:Illustration of
357:Le Page du Pratz
351:priest, met the
345:Maturin Le Petit
340:
324:Jacques le Moyne
316:Jacques le Moyne
314:Engraving after
301:Augusta, Georgia
285:Hernando de Soto
179:Hernando de Soto
52:
49:
21:
10159:
10158:
10154:
10153:
10152:
10150:
10149:
10148:
10104:Woodland period
10069:
10068:
10067:
10054:
9921:
9907:Stone box grave
9877:Megalithic tomb
9782:Cotswold-Severn
9734:
9639:Guardian stones
9567:Prehistoric art
9561:
9404:
9379:
9368:Timber trackway
9273:
9237:
9233:Wattle and daub
9086:
9065:Standing stones
9039:
9018:
8833:
8660:
8637:
8562:
8479:
8389:Food processing
8384:
8333:New World crops
8305:
8292:
8235:
8230:
8200:
8195:
8139:
8130:Sand Ridge site
8105:Hahn Field site
8072:
8066:
8030:
7994:
7985:
7976:State Line site
7953:
7947:
7929:
7919:
7917:
7887:
7882:
7868:Clarksdale bell
7847:
7833:Stone box grave
7774:Ceremonial pipe
7740:
7699:Mobilian Jargon
7672:
7604:
7532:
7489:
7357:
7350:
7287:
7280:
7138:
7131:
7088:
7020:
6966:Rucker's Bottom
6756:Beaverdam Creek
6736:
6724:
6608:
6602:
6563:Hiwassee Island
6520:
6514:
6505:Welborn Village
6433:
6394:Millstone Bluff
6367:Confluence area
6366:
6360:
6356:Sugarloaf Mound
6296:Emmons Cemetery
6231:
6229:American Bottom
6220:
6214:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6154:
6149:
6098:
6047:
6001:Pennison Mounds
5978:Jerry Haas Site
5905:Bayou Cypremont
5886:
5880:
5869:
5780:Greenhouse site
5715:Balmoral Mounds
5698:
5680:
5666:
5664:
5634:
5629:
5583:
5539:Avonlea culture
5534:Alachua culture
5522:
5513:Sommerheim Park
5498:Nottingham Site
5424:
5406:
5396:
5394:
5364:
5359:
5325:Ceremonial pipe
5298:
5252:
5243:Saugeen complex
5211:
5177:Kolomoki Mounds
5155:
5151:
5143:
5115:
5077:
5044:
5016:
4977:Kamp Mound Site
4943:
4920:
4916:Yankeetown site
4867:
4858:
4834:Shawnee Lookout
4672:
4653:Woodland period
4644:
4634:
4632:
4602:
4597:
4579:
4563:
4554:St Mary's Mound
4549:St. Albans Site
4497:
4451:
4442:
4216:
4202:Woodland period
4188:
4178:
4176:
4146:
4141:
4132:Genetic history
4120:
3974:Ceremonial pipe
3947:
3928:Minnesota Woman
3885:
3879:
3700:Ocmulgee Mounds
3680:Morrison Mounds
3625:Kolomoki Mounds
3615:Kimball Village
3475:Candelaria Cave
3417:
3411:
3392:Suwannee Valley
3327:Old Cordilleran
3307:
3278:
3146:
3140:
3106:
3098:
3093:
3030:
3009:Wayback Machine
2998:
2937:
2917:
2915:Further reading
2912:
2911:
2901:
2899:
2861:
2857:
2848:
2844:
2820:
2816:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2753:
2749:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2718:
2714:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2628:
2626:
2615:
2611:
2597:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2531:
2518:
2514:
2505:
2501:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2475:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2397:
2393:
2382:
2380:Silverberg 1969
2373:
2369:
2362:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2323:
2319:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2232:Wayback Machine
2221:
2217:
2208:
2204:
2198:Wayback Machine
2180:
2176:
2168:Roger Kennedy,
2167:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2117:
2108:
2095:
2088:
2074:
2063:
2052:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2017:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1848:
1844:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1750:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1721:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1665:
1658:
1649:
1645:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1619:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1569:Heartland model
1561:Tumulus culture
1531:
1495:
1474:William Pidgeon
1461:Abraham Lincoln
1435:
1419:Decalogue Stone
1404:Decalogue Stone
1358:
1338:Washitaw Nation
1324:More recently,
1179:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1134:
1125:
1120:
1109:
1104:
1095:
1093:Baytown culture
1086:
1077:
1072:
1063:
1058:
1049:
1021:Cherokee people
941:
862:
829:
823:
761:
740:
720:
703:
674:
662:with the large
652:
619:
598:
590:Baytown culture
528:
526:Woodland period
522:
520:Woodland period
440:
434:
429:
373:
365:paramount chief
341:
338:
265:
207:platform mounds
187:
109:Woodland period
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10157:
10147:
10146:
10144:Mound Builders
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10064:
10063:
10060:
10059:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10052:
10051:
10050:
10040:
10035:
10034:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10016:Alligator drum
10008:
10007:
10006:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9985:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9964:
9963:
9962:
9952:
9947:
9946:
9945:
9943:lunar calendar
9940:
9929:
9927:
9926:Other cultural
9923:
9922:
9920:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9873:
9872:
9867:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9846:
9845:
9840:
9830:
9825:
9824:
9823:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9797:
9796:
9786:
9785:
9784:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9762:
9761:
9760:
9755:
9744:
9742:
9736:
9735:
9733:
9732:
9730:Venus figurine
9727:
9726:
9725:
9720:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9699:
9698:
9693:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9661:Megalithic art
9658:
9657:
9656:
9651:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9630:
9629:
9619:
9614:
9612:Cave paintings
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9588:
9587:
9577:
9571:
9569:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9559:
9558:
9557:
9552:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9531:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9495:
9490:
9489:
9488:
9478:
9477:
9476:
9471:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9450:
9449:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9418:
9416:
9414:Material goods
9406:
9405:
9389:
9388:
9385:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9378:
9377:
9376:
9375:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9344:
9343:
9333:
9328:
9327:
9326:
9316:
9315:
9314:
9304:
9303:
9302:
9292:
9287:
9281:
9279:
9275:
9274:
9272:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9245:
9243:
9239:
9238:
9236:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9224:
9223:
9213:
9208:
9207:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9170:
9169:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9148:
9147:
9137:
9132:
9130:Cliff dwelling
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9106:
9105:
9094:
9092:
9088:
9087:
9085:
9084:
9083:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9062:
9057:
9051:
9049:
9041:
9040:
9028:
9027:
9024:
9023:
9020:
9019:
9017:
9016:
9015:
9014:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8926:
8925:
8915:
8914:
8913:
8908:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8882:
8881:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8860:
8859:
8849:
8843:
8841:
8835:
8834:
8832:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8775:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8738:
8737:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8715:Fire hardening
8712:
8707:
8705:Clovis culture
8702:
8697:
8696:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8674:
8672:
8666:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8658:
8657:
8656:
8645:
8643:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8635:
8630:
8628:Manis Mastodon
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8572:
8570:
8564:
8563:
8561:
8560:
8559:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8528:
8523:
8522:
8521:
8511:
8510:
8509:
8507:throwing stick
8499:
8493:
8487:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8446:
8445:
8440:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8414:
8413:
8403:
8398:
8392:
8390:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8336:
8335:
8330:
8319:
8317:
8307:
8306:
8294:
8293:
8291:
8290:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8273:
8272:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8240:
8237:
8236:
8229:
8228:
8221:
8214:
8206:
8197:
8196:
8194:
8193:
8188:
8186:Owasco culture
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8147:Related topics
8144:
8141:
8140:
8138:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8076:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8057:Leo Petroglyph
8054:
8049:
8044:
8038:
8036:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8002:
8000:
7996:
7995:
7988:
7986:
7984:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7943:Mound Builders
7940:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7916:
7915:
7908:
7901:
7893:
7884:
7883:
7881:
7880:
7875:
7873:Mound Builders
7870:
7865:
7860:
7859:Related topics
7856:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7821:Village bundle
7813:
7808:
7806:Platform mound
7803:
7801:Horned Serpent
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7760:
7759:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7717:
7716:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7668:Stone statuary
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7639:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7618:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7551:
7549:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7534:
7533:
7531:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7518:Leo Petroglyph
7515:
7510:
7505:
7499:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7455:Moccasin Bluff
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7405:Gentleman Farm
7402:
7397:
7392:
7390:Carcajou Point
7387:
7382:
7377:
7371:
7369:
7360:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7321:Caddoan Mounds
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7292:
7290:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7240:
7239:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7143:
7141:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7107:Dauphin Island
7104:
7098:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7028:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6781:Bussell Island
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6742:
6740:
6730:
6729:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6717:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6612:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6533:Beasley Mounds
6530:
6524:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6441:
6439:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6384:Kincaid Mounds
6381:
6376:
6370:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6301:Horseshoe Lake
6298:
6293:
6288:
6286:Dickson Mounds
6283:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6246:
6241:
6235:
6233:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6183:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6160:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6135:Platform mound
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6106:Related topics
6103:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6055:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6039:
6033:
6027:
6022:
6016:
6010:
6007:Portage Mounds
6004:
5998:
5992:
5987:
5981:
5975:
5970:
5964:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5845:Sundown Mounds
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5800:Marsden Mounds
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5745:DePrato Mounds
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5720:Boone's Mounds
5717:
5712:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5663:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5640:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5591:Related topics
5588:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5415:Mound Builders
5411:
5408:
5407:
5393:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5345:Horned Serpent
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5306:Related topics
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5238:Laurel complex
5235:
5230:
5228:Copena culture
5225:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5129:Lewiston Mound
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5083:Miller culture
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5054:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5002:Rockwell Mound
4999:
4994:
4992:Naples Mound 8
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4962:Dickson Mounds
4959:
4953:
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4930:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4779:Mound of Pipes
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4680:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4663:Mound Builders
4660:
4655:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4608:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4473:Jim King Mound
4470:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4456:Kentucky sites
4453:
4452:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4343:Mound Cemetery
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4293:Hillside Haven
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4207:Mound Builders
4204:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4152:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4056:Mound Builders
4053:
4048:
4043:
4041:Medicine wheel
4038:
4033:
4031:Horned Serpent
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:Roberts Island
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3705:Old Stone Fort
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3670:Moaning Cavern
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3620:Kincaid Mounds
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Cuarenta Casas
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:Bluefish Caves
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3416:Archaeological
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3214:Caloosahatchee
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:Caborn-Welborn
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3145:Archaeological
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3002:Lost Race Myth
2997:
2996:External links
2994:
2993:
2992:
2981:
2966:
2957:
2954:Mark Jarzombek
2951:
2941:
2935:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2881:10.2307/496041
2855:
2842:
2814:
2794:
2774:
2767:
2747:
2734:
2712:
2692:
2681:. May 12, 2010
2670:
2648:
2642:Heifer Project
2609:
2581:
2569:The Commercial
2555:
2542:
2540:, pp. 259, 261
2529:
2512:
2499:
2486:
2473:
2460:
2441:
2428:
2409:
2399:Fawn M. Brodie
2391:
2367:
2361:978-0806164618
2360:
2342:
2336:978-0812213126
2335:
2317:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2271:Book of Mormon
2256:
2235:
2215:
2202:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2134:
2093:
2086:
2061:
2043:
2022:
2015:
1991:
1962:
1941:
1935:Nash, Gary B.
1928:
1921:
1890:
1869:
1842:
1820:
1813:
1791:
1770:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1719:
1702:
1676:
1656:
1643:
1630:
1617:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1573:Book of Mormon
1563:
1558:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1494:
1491:
1453:New York Times
1444:New York Times
1434:
1431:
1370:Licking County
1357:
1354:
1345:Tucker Carlson
1319:Garden of Eden
1314:Lafcadio Hearn
1284:Jason Colavito
1216:Book of Mormon
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1029:Indian removal
1025:trail of tears
1007:. In 1729 the
940:
937:
925:Western Siouan
900:, recorded by
861:
858:
822:
819:
802:Natchez people
757:Main article:
739:
736:
730:, and western
716:Main article:
702:
699:
670:Main article:
651:
648:
615:Main article:
597:
594:
524:Main article:
521:
518:
478:Ouachita River
436:Main article:
433:
430:
428:
425:
413:archaeologists
372:
369:
353:Natchez people
336:
287:, the Spanish
264:
261:
195:platform mound
186:
183:
113:Caloosahatchee
101:Archaic period
85:Mound Builders
55:Cahokia Mounds
26:
18:Mound builders
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10156:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10076:
10074:
10049:
10046:
10045:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10013:
10012:
10009:
10005:
10002:
10001:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9969:
9968:
9965:
9961:
9958:
9957:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9935:
9934:
9931:
9930:
9928:
9924:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9902:Simple dolmen
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9887:Passage grave
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9862:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9835:
9834:
9833:Gallery grave
9831:
9829:
9826:
9822:
9819:
9818:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9795:
9792:
9791:
9790:
9787:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9778:
9775:
9771:
9768:
9767:
9766:
9763:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9750:
9749:
9748:Burial mounds
9746:
9745:
9743:
9741:
9737:
9731:
9728:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9708:Statue menhir
9706:
9704:
9701:
9697:
9696:Stone carving
9694:
9692:
9689:
9688:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9646:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9628:
9625:
9624:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9581:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9572:
9570:
9568:
9564:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9547:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9535:Sewing needle
9533:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9500:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9487:
9484:
9483:
9482:
9479:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9466:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9448:
9445:
9444:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9417:
9415:
9411:
9407:
9403:
9399:
9394:
9390:
9374:
9371:
9370:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9363:Timber circle
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9342:
9339:
9338:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9325:
9322:
9321:
9320:
9317:
9313:
9312:Tor enclosure
9310:
9309:
9308:
9305:
9301:
9300:fulacht fiadh
9298:
9297:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9282:
9280:
9276:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9240:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9222:
9219:
9218:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9191:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9168:
9165:
9164:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9146:
9143:
9142:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9104:
9101:
9100:
9099:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9089:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9067:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9033:
9029:
9013:
9010:
9009:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8986:
8983:
8982:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8966:
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8924:
8921:
8920:
8919:
8916:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8903:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8880:
8877:
8876:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8844:
8842:
8840:
8836:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8759:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8736:
8733:
8732:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8680:
8679:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8671:
8667:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8650:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8640:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8582:
8579:
8578:
8577:
8574:
8573:
8571:
8569:
8565:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8536:spear-thrower
8534:
8533:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8515:
8514:Bow and arrow
8512:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8482:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8435:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8423:Grinding slab
8421:
8419:
8416:
8412:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8387:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8355:Domestication
8353:
8351:
8350:Digging stick
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8328:Founder crops
8326:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8304:
8299:
8295:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8274:
8270:
8269:New Stone Age
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8238:
8234:
8227:
8222:
8220:
8215:
8213:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8156:Bone Mound II
8154:
8152:
8149:
8146:
8145:
8142:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8100:Fox Farm site
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8069:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8027:
8026:Serpent Mound
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8003:
8001:
7997:
7992:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7950:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7932:
7928:
7923:
7914:
7909:
7907:
7902:
7900:
7895:
7894:
7891:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7854:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7817:
7816:Sacred bundle
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7780:
7777:
7776:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7743:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7637:
7636:Wulfing cache
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7621:Copper plates
7619:
7617:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7607:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7595:Three Sisters
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7565:Little barley
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7546:
7543:
7539:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7523:Serpent Mound
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7492:
7486:
7485:Summer Island
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7353:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7288:Mississippian
7283:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7139:Mississippian
7134:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7085:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7060:
7057:
7055:
7054:Corbin–Tucker
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6961:Roods Landing
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6901:Moccasin Bend
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6831:Hoojah Branch
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6738:Mississippian
6735:
6731:
6721:
6718:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6661:Menard-Hodges
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6605:
6599:
6598:Swallow Bluff
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6519:Tennessee and
6517:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6389:Marshall Site
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6363:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6223:
6221:Mississippian
6217:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6190:
6181:
6176:
6174:
6169:
6167:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5990:Morgan Mounds
5988:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5950:Gibson Mounds
5948:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5932:Clovelly Site
5930:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5883:
5876:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5860:Venable Mound
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5785:Insley Mounds
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5765:Flowery Mound
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5701:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5661:
5656:
5654:
5649:
5647:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5595:Steuben point
5593:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5467:Clampitt Site
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5391:
5386:
5384:
5379:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5202:Yearwood site
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5111:Pinson Mounds
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5096:Ingomar Mound
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4926:Goodall focus
4923:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4886:Cleiman Mound
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
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4809:Pollock Works
4807:
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4777:
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4714:Ety Enclosure
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
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4677:Ohio Hopewell
4675:
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4609:
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4572:
4570:
4568:Indiana sites
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Neibert Mound
4542:
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4210:
4208:
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4195:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4186:Adena Culture
4182:
4173:
4168:
4166:
4161:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
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4042:
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4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Falcon dancer
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:Miscellaneous
3950:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Melbourne Man
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:La Brea Woman
3911:
3909:
3908:Kennewick Man
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
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3876:
3873:
3871:
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3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Serpent Mound
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:Pueblo Bonito
3748:
3746:
3745:Poverty Point
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:Pinson Mounds
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Painted Bluff
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
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3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Horr's Island
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
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3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3530:Effigy Mounds
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3495:Crystal River
3493:
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3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
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3420:
3414:
3408:
3407:Weeden Island
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Safety Harbor
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:Poverty Point
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:Paleo-Indians
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3303:Mississippian
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
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3017:
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3006:
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2999:
2989:
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2944:Thomas, Cyrus
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2464:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2437:History Today
2432:
2423:
2418:
2413:
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2405:
2400:
2395:
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2363:
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2070:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2050:
2048:
2032:
2026:
2018:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1879:
1873:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1784:September 23,
1780:
1774:
1765:
1758:
1752:
1745:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1691:. Stone Pages
1690:
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1680:
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1516:
1512:
1511:Bering Strait
1508:
1504:
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1490:
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1484:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1464:
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1362:
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1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:pre-Columbian
1287:
1285:
1282:, and author
1281:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1247:Josiah Priest
1244:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1075:Adena culture
1070:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:when federal
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:Grand Village
998:
993:
991:
988:peoples. The
987:
983:
979:
974:
972:
968:
967:Caleb Atwater
964:
960:
958:
954:
949:
947:
936:
934:
929:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
890:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
828:
821:Disappearance
818:
816:
812:
808:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
778:
777:Emerald Mound
774:
770:
766:
760:
753:
749:
744:
735:
733:
732:West Virginia
729:
725:
719:
712:
707:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
673:
665:
661:
656:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
618:
611:
607:
602:
593:
591:
587:
583:
582:Crystal River
578:
574:
570:
569:West Virginia
566:
562:
561:Adena culture
558:
553:
551:
544:
543:Adena culture
540:
536:
532:
527:
517:
515:
511:
510:Horr's Island
507:
504:
500:
494:
490:
488:
487:Poverty Point
484:
479:
475:
471:
465:
461:
460:Poverty Point
456:
449:
444:
439:
424:
422:
418:
414:
409:
405:
401:
398:, written by
397:
396:
388:
387:
382:
377:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
335:
331:
329:
325:
317:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
278:
274:
269:
260:
258:
254:
253:Serpent Mound
250:
249:effigy mounds
242:
238:
237:Serpent Mound
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
204:
196:
191:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
149:
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:Horr's Island
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:pre-Columbian
74:
70:
67:
66:pre-Columbian
63:
59:
56:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9843:wedge-shaped
9828:Funeral pyre
9821:Great dolmen
9777:Chamber tomb
9764:
9758:Round barrow
9713:Stone circle
9585:Blombos Cave
9513:Grooved ware
9437:Chalcolithic
9341:Thornborough
9259:Flush toilet
9194:Blombos Cave
9189:Rock shelter
9145:Quiggly hole
9037:Architecture
9012:illustration
8654:Buffalo jump
8475:Storage pits
8438:Aşıklı Höyük
8428:Ground stone
8264:Subdivisions
8176:Oliver phase
8161:Cole culture
8080:Buckner site
8071:Madisonville
8021:Gartner site
8011:Baldwin site
7942:
7872:
7863:Chevron bead
7769:Burial mound
7663:Shell gorget
7631:Spiro plates
7626:Rogan plates
7445:Knoll Spring
7420:Hartley Fort
7380:Beattie Park
7264:Transylvania
7102:Bottle Creek
7064:Lake Jackson
6946:Pisgah phase
6876:Little Egypt
6826:Garden Creek
6811:Dallas phase
6698:Tipton phase
6676:Nodena phase
6573:Mound Bottom
6558:Fewkes Group
6543:Brick Church
6445:Angel Mounds
6311:Kuhn Station
6306:John Chapman
6084:Maberry Site
6074:Dogtown Site
6059:Baytown Site
5995:Pecan Mounds
5984:Machias Lake
5840:Spanish Fort
5825:Raffman site
5559:Oliver phase
5503:Ormond Mound
5414:
5330:Effigy mound
5320:burial mound
5172:Leake Mounds
5106:Pharr Mounds
5058:Crooks Mound
4934:Goodall site
4764:Keiter Mound
4729:Fort Ancient
4709:Ellis Mounds
4689:Benham Mound
4662:
4519:Cresap Mound
4514:Cotiga Mound
4258:Coon Hunters
4233:Austin Brown
4206:
4116:Water glyphs
4071:Oasisamerica
4061:N.A.G.P.R.A.
4055:
4021:Folsom point
4011:Effigy mound
3991:Clovis point
3959:Aridoamerica
3860:Wickiup Hill
3815:Spiro Mounds
3795:Salmon Ruins
3790:Russell Cave
3585:Helen Blazes
3580:Grimes Point
3560:Fort Juelson
3550:Fort Ancient
3525:El Vallecito
3485:Chaco Canyon
3425:Angel Mounds
3387:Steed-Kisker
3337:Paleo-Arctic
3259:Glacial Kame
3244:Fort Ancient
3136:Post-Classic
3107:
3031:
2986:
2971:
2962:
2947:
2922:
2902:September 1,
2900:. Retrieved
2875:(1): 65–69.
2872:
2868:
2858:
2850:
2845:
2835:
2828:
2817:
2806:
2797:
2786:
2777:
2757:
2750:
2739:, retrieved
2725:
2715:
2704:
2695:
2685:December 24,
2683:. Retrieved
2673:
2663:December 24,
2661:. Retrieved
2651:
2634:
2627:. Retrieved
2623:the original
2612:
2603:
2596:. Retrieved
2591:
2584:
2572:. Retrieved
2568:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2507:
2502:
2494:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2468:
2463:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2417:Kennedy 1994
2412:
2402:
2394:
2375:
2370:
2351:
2345:
2326:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2249:September 8,
2247:. Retrieved
2238:
2224:The Prairies
2218:
2210:
2205:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2169:
2164:
2156:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2123:
2077:
2055:
2036:September 8,
2034:. Retrieved
2025:
2001:
1994:
1982:. Retrieved
1978:the original
1953:. Retrieved
1944:
1936:
1931:
1903:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:the original
1845:
1837:the original
1832:
1823:
1800:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1773:
1768:Russo, Brown
1764:
1756:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1730:
1714:
1705:
1695:September 5,
1693:. Retrieved
1689:Archaeo News
1688:
1679:
1671:
1651:
1646:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1496:
1479:Cyrus Thomas
1471:
1466:
1452:
1442:
1436:
1423:
1407:
1367:
1342:
1323:
1312:
1296:Mesoamerican
1288:
1272:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1213:
1204:
1199:
1180:
994:
975:
970:
965:
961:
950:
942:
930:
917:Ofo language
912:
908:
906:
891:
879:
863:
853:
849:
845:
841:
830:
762:
721:
675:
620:
556:
554:
547:
514:Marco Island
508:
495:
491:
474:Watson Brake
472:
468:
448:Watson Brake
393:
391:
384:
343:
333:
321:
305:Cofitachequi
289:conquistador
282:
246:
243:, April 1890
240:
215:
200:
152:
144:Watson Brake
141:
97:Watson Brake
84:
78:
36:
9865:unchambered
9860:Long barrow
9850:Grave goods
9806:Court cairn
9801:Clava cairn
9753:Bowl barrow
9691:Rock cupule
9634:Golden hats
9627:Hill figure
9528:Unstan ware
9508:Cord-marked
9373:Sweet Track
9295:Burnt mound
9216:Stilt house
9204:Sibudu Cave
8997:Tally stick
8965:Quern-stone
8950:Hammerstone
8940:Fire plough
8911:Pesse canoe
8869:Bannerstone
8839:Other tools
8752:Lithic core
8700:Aurignacian
8588:Bare Island
8470:Quern-stone
8135:Turpin site
8110:Larkin site
8095:Clover site
8062:Hobson site
8035:Feurt Focus
7838:Thunderbird
7764:Black drink
7616:Emmons mask
7560:Chenopodium
7548:Agriculture
7470:Plum Island
7425:Hotel Plaza
7274:Winterville
7254:Scott Place
7192:Holly Bluff
7112:Fort Walton
6866:Lamar phase
6720:Walls phase
6616:Belle Meade
6609:Mississippi
6553:Dunbar Cave
6455:Annis Mound
6450:Angel phase
6424:Ware Mounds
6419:Twin Mounds
6269:Ramey state
6254:Monks Mound
6094:Roland Site
5820:Peck Mounds
5810:Mott Mounds
5760:Fisher site
5674:Coles Creek
5473:Fisher site
5469:(12-LR-329)
5462:Brokaw Site
5315:Black drink
5187:Pierce Site
5101:Miller Site
4967:Duncan Farm
4911:Wilson site
4891:Hubele site
4534:Grave Creek
4483:Mount Horeb
4428:Wolf Plains
4408:David Stitt
4363:Carl Potter
4328:Luthor List
4278:Great Mound
4101:Thunderbird
3969:Black drink
3933:Peñon woman
3870:Winterville
3850:Velda Mound
3830:Taos Pueblo
3725:Parkin Park
3710:Orwell site
3695:Nodena site
3590:Holly Bluff
3565:Four Mounds
3555:Fort Center
3480:Casa Grande
3430:Anzick site
3322:Monongahela
3249:Fort Walton
3224:Coles Creek
3189:Belle Glade
3174:Anishinaabe
2450:Squier 1849
1984:October 20,
1955:October 20,
1746:, pp. 73–74
1733:, pp. 69–76
1600:Squier p. 1
1395:monogenesis
1255:antiquarian
1220:Mesopotamia
1041:Nancy Raven
933:Beaver Wars
811:Chitimachan
786:Holly Bluff
782:Winterville
769:Medora site
664:Monks Mound
640:Mississippi
550:Fort Center
499:Bayou Macon
432:Archaic era
408:Smithsonian
322:The artist
273:Parkin site
241:The Century
218:Monks Mound
129:Great Lakes
73:Mesoamerica
44:Monks Mound
10073:Categories
10004:trepanning
9897:Ring cairn
9855:Jar burial
9838:transepted
9770:U.S. sites
9671:Petroglyph
9597:Bird stone
9555:wine press
9228:Stone roof
9211:Roundhouse
9103:long house
9080:Stonehenge
9048:Ceremonial
8992:Stone tool
8819:Tool stone
8789:Metallurgy
8693:Mousterian
8670:Toolmaking
8608:Cumberland
8581:Transverse
8551:Schöningen
8443:Qesem cave
8411:Earth oven
8365:Irrigation
8276:Technology
8244:Prehistory
8085:Clay Mound
7999:Baum Focus
7575:Marshelder
7460:Oak Forest
7430:Hoxie Farm
7244:Pocahontas
7137:Plaquemine
7074:Letchworth
7006:Town Creek
6941:Park Mound
6906:Moundville
6891:Mandeville
6881:Long Swamp
6841:Jere Shine
6693:Quigualtam
6641:Chucalissa
6528:Backusburg
6521:Cumberland
6510:Yankeetown
6495:Slack Farm
6470:Ellerbusch
6374:Adams site
6281:Cloverdale
6079:Hayes site
5453:(12 MA 61)
5451:Bowen Site
5294:Sea shells
5207:Yent Mound
4794:Oak Mounds
4529:Goff Mound
4493:Round Hill
4478:Mound Hill
4423:Williamson
4403:Spruce Run
4338:Miamisburg
4221:Ohio sites
4046:Metallurgy
4006:Eden point
3903:Buhl Woman
3775:Rock Eagle
3765:River Styx
3690:Mummy Cave
3685:Moundville
3665:Mesa Verde
3650:Marksville
3397:Tchefuncte
3357:Plaquemine
3293:Las Palmas
3209:Calf Creek
3204:Cades Pond
2925:. Athens:
2497:, pg. 179;
1911:. p.
1588:References
1499:Walam Olum
1493:Walam Olum
1259:earthworks
1193:, and the
886:Ohio River
825:See also:
724:Ohio River
687:Moundville
427:Chronology
133:Ohio River
10048:symbolism
9912:Tor cairn
9870:Grønsalen
9811:Cremation
9703:Sculpture
9681:Pictogram
9666:Petroform
9486:amber use
9454:Cosmetics
9264:Reservoir
9249:Check dam
9179:Pueblitos
9174:Pit-house
9157:Longhouse
9091:Dwellings
8960:Microlith
8891:Bow drill
8886:Bone tool
8879:prismatic
8688:Acheulean
8603:Cresswell
8576:Arrowhead
8502:Boomerang
8418:Granaries
8380:Terracing
8259:Stone Age
8016:Baum Site
7971:Kemp site
7966:Hine site
7704:Muskogean
7677:Languages
7590:Sunflower
7450:Mero site
7385:Blood Run
7039:Apalachee
6986:Summerour
6926:Nacoochee
6683:Owl Creek
6578:Riverview
6568:Link Farm
6460:Bone Bank
6414:Turk Site
6409:Towosahgy
6274:Woodhenge
6038:(16IV128)
6025:Sims site
5958:(16SMY10)
5946:(16IB123)
5940:(16VM112)
5710:Aden site
5488:Man Mound
5478:Hoye Site
5446:Book site
5436:Baum Site
5289:Pipestone
4896:Mann site
4684:Beam Farm
4468:Gaitskill
4378:D.S. Rose
4243:Beam Farm
4091:Stickball
3780:Rock Hawk
3610:Key Marco
3402:Troyville
3382:St. Johns
3367:Red Ocher
3126:Formative
2897:133844936
2741:April 14,
2226:" (1832)
1540:Petroform
1449:Wisconsin
1382:plumb-bob
1263:lost race
1236:Mulekites
1232:Lamanites
1224:Jaredites
1013:Chickasaw
921:Muskogean
913:Offogoula
898:Mosopelea
871:influenza
632:Louisiana
355:, as did
211:Louisiana
167:Mosopelea
69:earthwork
9686:Rock art
9649:painting
9622:Geoglyph
9447:timeline
9427:Beadwork
9167:Mehrgarh
9162:Mudbrick
9070:megalith
8945:Fire-saw
8767:debitage
8762:analysis
8730:Hand axe
8710:Cupstone
8288:Glossary
8249:Timeline
7952:Anderson
7811:Red Horn
7779:Chanunpa
7757:Northern
7745:Religion
7726:Timucuan
7694:Cherokee
7480:Schwerdt
7440:Juntunen
7415:Griesmer
7358:cultures
7311:Bluffton
7197:Jaketown
7162:Fitzhugh
7016:Wilbanks
6996:Tomotley
6971:Savannah
6936:Ocmulgee
6916:Mulberry
6851:Joe Bell
6771:Biltmore
6766:Bessemer
6631:Campbell
6593:Old Town
6399:Orr-Herl
6336:Orendorf
6331:Mitchell
6264:Mound 72
6259:Mound 34
6244:Big Eddy
6069:Coy Site
6032:(16SB50)
6021:(16IV13)
6015:(16TR82)
6003:(16AS16)
5997:(16SM37)
5980:(16SJ51)
5969:(16CM22)
5934:(16LF64)
5907:(16SMY7)
5901:(16TR78)
5549:Manahoac
5527:Cultures
5284:Obsidian
4593:Category
4333:McDaniel
4318:Karshner
4248:Clemmons
3979:Chanunpa
3964:Ballgame
3943:Vero man
3893:Anzick-1
3865:Windover
3825:SunWatch
3755:Rassawek
3575:Glenwood
3465:Brewster
3317:Mogollon
3288:La Jolla
3274:Hopewell
3234:Deptford
3147:cultures
3005:Archived
2825:(1953).
2638:Dan West
2629:July 25,
2598:July 25,
2228:Archived
2194:Archived
2113:(2005).
1901:(1995).
1529:See also
1519:Egyptian
1364:Keystone
1228:Nephites
1191:Atlantis
1037:Oklahoma
875:immunity
867:smallpox
860:Diseases
728:Kentucky
636:Oklahoma
628:chiefdom
577:Illinois
483:pyramids
417:Kentucky
337:—
161:and the
46:, built
10043:Symbols
9654:pigment
9540:Weaving
9503:Cardium
9498:Pottery
9493:Mirrors
9481:Jewelry
9422:Baskets
9402:culture
9254:Cistern
9060:Pyramid
9002:Weapons
8980:Scraper
8970:Racloir
8930:Cleaver
8918:Chopper
8824:Uniface
8735:Grooves
8725:Hafting
8683:Oldowan
8642:Systems
8593:Cascade
8556:woomera
8546:harpoon
8519:history
8485:Hunting
8465:Pottery
8406:Cooking
8315:Farming
8281:history
8254:Outline
7786:Chunkey
7731:Tunican
7709:Natchez
7684:Caddoan
7658:Pottery
7609:Artwork
7600:Tobacco
7580:Pumpkin
7541:Culture
7395:Fifield
7326:Gahagan
7301:Belcher
7286:Caddoan
7269:Venable
7232:Natchez
7217:Mazique
7172:Fosters
7167:Flowery
7157:Emerald
7034:Anhaica
6991:Taskigi
6956:Rembert
6931:Nikwasi
6896:McMahan
6871:Liddell
6746:Adamson
6656:Janet's
6646:Denmark
6621:Boone's
6583:Sellars
6490:Prather
6249:Cahokia
6239:Aztalan
6125:Natchez
6044:(16LF4)
6009:(16SM5)
5986:(16SB2)
5952:(16TR5)
5928:(16IV4)
5885:Coastal
4799:Orators
4438:Zaleski
4368:Raleigh
4358:Orators
4313:Jackson
4283:Hartley
4273:Fortner
4238:Arledge
4128:Related
3986:Chunkey
3886:remains
3875:Wupatki
3715:Paquime
3605:Huápoca
3470:Cahokia
3440:Bastian
3347:Patayan
3269:Hohokam
3254:Fremont
3229:ComondĂş
3184:Baytown
3179:Avonlea
3159:Alachua
3131:Classic
3121:Archaic
3109:Periods
2706:YouTube
2574:May 17,
2523:, 176;
2141:May 19,
2007:657–658
1883:July 1,
1862:July 1,
1759:, p. 63
1555:Tumulus
1515:Chinese
1481:of the
1427:Masonic
1308:Zapotec
1203:in his
1187:Vikings
982:Natchez
884:of the
846:De Soto
842:El Inca
807:Tunican
683:Cahokia
660:Cahokia
406:by the
404:in 1848
328:Flemish
257:serpent
222:Cahokia
175:Natchez
123:), and
10114:Mounds
10021:flutes
9816:Dolmen
9740:Burial
9550:winery
9523:Linear
9353:Midden
9331:Cursus
9324:Goseck
9184:Pueblo
9135:Dugout
9120:Burdei
8799:Mining
8623:Lamoka
8618:Folsom
8598:Clovis
8455:Metate
8433:Hearth
8401:Basket
8375:Sickle
8181:Oneota
7721:Siouan
7714:Taensa
7585:Squash
7508:Clover
7367:Oneota
7341:Keller
7331:Hughes
7296:Battle
7237:Taensa
7222:Medora
7212:Mangum
7207:Julice
7202:Jordan
7049:Cayson
6981:Sixtoe
6976:Shiloh
6886:Mabila
6821:Etowah
6801:Citico
6791:Chiaha
6786:Chauga
6703:Tunica
6688:Parkin
6671:Nodena
6666:Murphy
6636:Carson
6485:Murphy
6341:Sleeth
6326:McCune
6316:Larson
6219:Middle
6140:Taensa
5620:Oneota
5269:Galena
5264:Copper
4373:Reeves
4323:Kinzer
4308:Hurley
4253:Conrad
3545:Folsom
3510:Cutler
3445:Benson
3332:Oneota
3264:Glades
3239:Folsom
3219:Clovis
3116:Lithic
2933:
2895:
2889:496041
2887:
2765:
2732:
2358:
2333:
2132:
2084:
2013:
1919:
1811:
1713:", in
1521:, and
1507:Lenape
1439:giants
1433:Giants
1386:Hebrew
1374:Newark
1306:, and
1222:: the
1019:, and
986:Taensa
894:Siouan
813:, and
798:Taensa
691:Etowah
642:, and
349:Jesuit
297:mounds
277:Casqui
185:Mounds
131:, the
9938:sites
9882:Mummy
9602:Cairn
9518:JĹŤmon
9469:shoes
9464:Hides
9336:Henge
9290:Broch
9152:Jacal
9007:Wheel
8955:Knife
8901:Canoe
8896:Burin
8874:Blade
8772:flake
8633:Plano
8541:baton
8531:Spear
8497:Arrow
8450:Manos
8303:Tools
8073:Focus
7954:Focus
7736:Yuchi
7570:Maize
7555:Beans
7513:Dodge
7465:Palos
7435:Huber
7375:Anker
7346:Spiro
7316:Caddo
7249:Routh
7182:Glass
7177:Ghost
7079:Velda
7001:Toqua
6861:Lamar
6846:Joara
6836:Irene
6806:Coosa
6796:Chota
6776:Blair
6751:Avery
6713:Yazoo
6708:Koroa
6651:Eaker
6588:Obion
6346:Starr
5429:Sites
4524:Criel
4488:Ramey
4463:Biggs
4398:Snead
4393:Shrum
4228:Adena
4076:Piasa
3884:Human
3515:Eaker
3418:sites
3352:Plano
3154:Adena
2893:S2CID
2885:JSTOR
2118:(PDF)
1579:Zelph
1523:Mayan
1415:Moses
1372:near
1300:Olmec
1017:Creek
644:Texas
557:circa
247:Some
117:Adena
89:mound
79:Many
60:near
10031:gudi
9789:Cist
9718:list
9545:Wine
9474:Ă–tzi
9459:Glue
9432:Beds
9400:and
9398:Arts
9269:Well
9125:Cave
9055:Kiva
8985:side
8975:Rope
8923:tool
8857:bone
8847:Adze
8613:Eden
8526:Nets
8396:Fire
8360:Goad
8345:Celt
7259:Sims
7227:Mott
7147:Anna
6856:King
6816:Dyar
6626:Boyd
6500:Tolu
5676:and
5274:Mica
4303:Horn
4268:Enon
4036:Kiva
2931:ISBN
2904:2023
2763:ISBN
2743:2022
2730:ISBN
2687:2017
2665:2017
2631:2011
2600:2011
2576:2012
2506:See
2480:See
2455:help
2448:See
2422:help
2385:help
2356:ISBN
2331:ISBN
2251:2008
2191:here
2143:2012
2130:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2038:2008
2011:ISBN
1986:2016
1957:2016
1917:ISBN
1885:2010
1864:2010
1809:ISBN
1786:2008
1697:2011
1497:The
1441:. A
1317:the
1304:Maya
1234:and
1091:and
1047:Maps
984:and
909:Oufé
880:The
869:and
800:and
784:and
775:and
773:Anna
689:and
565:Ohio
347:, a
119:and
9140:Hut
9075:row
8906:Oar
8864:Axe
8852:Awl
7084:Yon
3540:Eva
3036:at
2877:doi
1913:165
1670:",
750:in
608:in
563:of
462:in
383:in
220:at
205:or
107:),
93:BCE
10075::
2946:.
2929:.
2891:.
2883:.
2871:.
2867:.
2805:.
2785:.
2724:,
2703:.
2633:.
2602:.
2567:.
2401:,
2120:.
2096:^
2064:^
2046:^
2009:.
1965:^
1915:.
1907:.
1831:.
1807:.
1803:.
1722:^
1687:.
1659:^
1517:,
1421:.
1334:Mu
1321:.
1310:.
1302:,
1270:.
1230:,
1189:,
1043:.
1015:,
959:.
911:,
817:.
809:,
734:.
638:,
634:,
567:,
541:,
537:,
423:.
259:.
115:,
48:c.
8225:e
8218:t
8211:v
7912:e
7905:t
7898:v
6179:e
6172:t
6165:v
5659:e
5652:t
5645:v
5389:e
5382:t
5375:v
4627:e
4620:t
4613:v
4171:e
4164:t
4157:v
3088:e
3081:t
3074:v
2979:.
2939:.
2906:.
2879::
2873:2
2831:"
2771:.
2709:.
2689:.
2667:.
2578:.
2457:)
2426:.
2424:)
2389:.
2387:)
2364:.
2339:.
2253:.
2200:.
2145:.
2090:.
2040:.
2019:.
1988:.
1959:.
1925:.
1887:.
1866:.
1817:.
1788:.
1699:.
111:(
103:(
75:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.