Knowledge

Mura language

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Heinrichs, A. (1963). Questionário: Mura-Pirahã Rios Marmelos e Maici. (Questionário dos Vocabulários Padrões para estudos comparativos preliminares de línguas indígenas brasileiras.) Rio de Janeiro: Museu
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Heinrichs, A. (1961). Questionário: Mura-Pirahã Rio Marmelos. (Questionário dos Vocabulários Padrões para estudos comparativos preliminares de línguas indígenas brasileiras.) Rio de Janeiro: Museu Nacional.
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Since at least Barboza Rodrigues (1892), there have been three ethnic names commonly listed as dialects of Mura, or even as Muran languages. The names are:
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with Pirahã; however, for Yahahí there exists only ethnographic information, and it can be assumed they spoke the same language as other Mura.
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In the 19th century, there were an estimated 30,000–60,000 Mura speakers. It is now spoken by only 300 Pirahã people in eight villages.
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Everett, D. L. (1992). A língua Pirahã e a teoria da sintaxe: descrição, perspectivas e teoria. Campinas: Editora da Unicamp.
1040: 4060: 3431: 3012: 4778: 3541: 2513: 4059: 5237: 4037: 3698: 1138: 1068: 985:(1892). "Vocabulário indígena comparado para mostrar a adulteração da língua (complemento do Poranduba Amazonense)". 299: 5389: 5257: 5192: 4642: 3674: 2913: 1250: 5202: 4100: 2832: 2768: 2011: 1101: 4546: 3445: 2687: 281: 277: 3196: 5311: 5212: 5207: 5022: 4631: 3911: 3558: 2693: 2518: 2304: 2298: 2222: 4935: 178: 165: 5242: 5222: 3921: 3906: 3605: 2906: 2893: 2664: 2625: 1131: 5157: 5197: 4681: 3901: 3895: 3680: 2953: 2871: 2844: 2548: 2538: 1090:
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.),
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Hanke, W. (1950a). O idioma Mura. Arquivos: Coletânea de documentor para a História da Amazônia, 12:3-8.
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describes the Yahahí as having come from the Branco river, a tributary of the right bank of the upper
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Hanke, W. (1950b). Vocabulário e idioma mura dos índios mura do rio Manicoré. Arquivos, 12:3-8.
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On the basis of a minuscule amount of data, it would appear that Bohurá (Mura proper) was
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Salles, Raiane (2023). "Pirahã (Apáitisí)". In Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev (eds.).
408:"Mura language" for the language, from the Mura of the Manicoré River; Tastevin has 5078: 5045: 5001: 4982: 4928: 4887: 4867: 4783: 4732: 4718: 4711: 4704: 4648: 4564: 4477: 4471: 4347: 4221: 4216: 4155: 4116: 3976: 3836: 3826: 3821: 3775: 3769: 3738: 3631: 3526: 3450: 3388: 3340: 3275: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3236: 3220: 3155: 3150: 3133: 3074: 2968: 2900: 2811: 2778: 2746: 2642: 2614: 2563: 2484: 2468: 2454: 2436: 2429: 2415: 2375: 2357: 2341: 2327: 2149: 2132: 1980: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1788: 1778: 1691: 1605: 1562: 1522: 1449: 1439: 1431: 1411: 1396: 1376: 1320: 1290: 1245: 1206: 1189: 4422: 4354: 4290: 4276: 4255: 3816: 3764: 2756: 1333: 1260: 393: 5104: 5038: 4874: 4818: 4592: 4536: 4389: 4241: 4234: 4227: 3971: 3846: 3831: 3800: 3521: 3482: 3347: 3293: 3165: 3027: 2793: 2788: 2653: 2568: 2449: 2442: 2422: 2404: 2309: 2292: 2091: 1985: 1975: 1950: 1930: 1915: 1828: 1823: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1668: 1648: 1623: 1517: 1487: 1421: 1391: 1366: 1338: 1285: 447: 236: 73: 4514: 4510: 4135: 1580: 5132: 5111: 4994: 4957: 4921: 4415: 4401: 4377: 4370: 3981: 3841: 3810: 3781: 3412: 3298: 3281: 3231: 3226: 3097: 3034: 2804: 2798: 2718: 2713: 2659: 2636: 2381: 2203: 2160: 2143: 2137: 2115: 2103: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1858: 1813: 1808: 1714: 1590: 1381: 1211: 465:(1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Mura language varieties. 121: 960: 5404: 4900: 4843: 3865: 3787: 3303: 3287: 3241: 2998: 2818: 2783: 2773: 2751: 2708: 2573: 2154: 2086: 1663: 1328: 228: 158: 81: 1996: 4311: 2762: 1585: 349: 128: 148: 51: 2409: 1118: 1061:
American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America
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Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré
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Below is a comparison of Mura and Pirahã words from Salles (2023):
1201: 232: 227:, its sole surviving dialect. Linguistically, it is typified by 4005:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
3986: 3884: 1925: 367:. The last Yahahí are said to have joined the Pirahã. 323:, the original form of the name 'Mura'; spoken on the 388:, according to Tastevin (1923). This was pronounced 1024: 1013: 1016:Classification of South American Indian languages 981: 446:. Kaufman (1994) also suggests a connection with 5402: 5416:Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas 1035:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 957–994. 235:(around 11 compared to around 44 in English), 1102:Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 3: 4045: 2026: 2012: 1139: 4015:Families with more than 30 languages are in 428: 420: 383: 377: 376:, according to Barboza Rodrigues (1892), or 371: 4052: 4038: 2019: 2005: 1146: 1132: 1107:, ed. Julian H. Steward, pp. 255–269. 1020:. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. 1004: 1002: 1000: 203: 4061:Indigenous language families and isolates 437: 300:Learn how and when to remove this message 1100:(1948): "The Mura" and "The Yahahi", in 1008: 442:Mura is often proposed to be related to 338:, the name the remaining dialect goes by 209:The attested extent of Mura and Matanawi 4126: 1153: 997: 5403: 1030: 4399: 4033: 2000: 1127: 1063:. New York: Oxford University Press. 956: 954: 952: 400:. In his vocabulary, Rodrigues lists 1094:(pp. 46–76). London: Routledge. 282:adding citations to reliable sources 253: 13: 949: 14: 5427: 1111: 416:for the same. They also record, 258: 223:, Brazil. It is most famous for 1053: 269:needs additional citations for 1092:Atlas of the world's languages 975: 1: 457: 16:Indigenous language of Brazil 7: 370:The Mura/Bohurá endonym is 249: 10: 5432: 4779:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan 1104:The Tropical Forest Tribes 5355: 5284: 5256: 5125: 5087: 5011: 4945: 4828: 4767: 4660: 4620: 4574: 4501: 4441: 4321: 4209: 4099: 4079: 4000: 3959: 3936: 3875: 3864: 3708: 3441: 3430: 3398: 3325: 3316: 3205: 3022: 3011: 2978: 2840: 2831: 2739: 2497: 2483: 2397: 2192: 2174: 2125: 2043: 2034: 2028:Primary language families 1903: 1877: 1864:Paulista General Language 1841: 1766: 1738: 1705: 1682: 1604: 1571: 1463: 1430: 1357: 1319: 1231: 1222: 1182: 1161: 430:yane abahi araha buxwarái 202: 186: 173: 156: 139: 134: 118: 104: 70: 58: 46: 38: 31: 26: 21: 2845:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan 1059:Campbell, Lyle. (1997). 942: 392:by their neighbors, the 4012:have no living members. 1174:Brazilian Sign Language 983:Barbosa Rodrigues, João 971:(subscription required) 429: 421: 384: 378: 372: 5380:Unclassified languages 3992:Unclassified languages 3946:list of sign languages 2914:Northeastern Tasmanian 438:Genealogical relations 4950:, Bolivia, and Chile) 4771:(west-central Brazil) 3967:Constructed languages 1869:Portunhol fronteiriço 357:mutually intelligible 2514:Binanderean–Goilalan 993:. Rio de Janeiro: 2. 278:improve this article 5373:Marañón River basin 5238:Tequiraca–Canichana 5218:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan 3796:(Maku-Auari/Jukude) 3699:Tequiraca–Canichana 3542:Harákmbut–Katukinan 2305:Northwest Caucasian 2299:Northeast Caucasian 2223:Chukotko-Kamchatkan 1155:Languages of Brazil 404:for the people and 5193:Esmeralda–Yaruroan 5126:Proposed groupings 4080:Language families 3418:Tarascan/Purépecha 2907:Northern Tasmanian 2665:South Bougainville 2626:North Bougainville 1619:Gavião of Jiparaná 1183:Regional languages 425:"That one is Mura" 422:nahi buxwara araha 66:mostly monolingual 5398: 5397: 5368:Extinct languages 5121: 5120: 4437: 4436: 4205: 4204: 4074: 4027: 4026: 3977:Language isolates 3955: 3954: 3860: 3859: 3426: 3425: 3312: 3311: 3007: 3006: 2954:Western Tasmanian 2872:Eastern Tasmanian 2827: 2826: 2549:East Geelvink Bay 2479: 2478: 2170: 2169: 1994: 1993: 1837: 1836: 1523:Laklãnõ (Xokléng) 1162:Official language 1042:978-3-11-043273-2 1010:Loukotka, Čestmír 969:(18th ed., 2015) 938: 937: 652: 651: 433:"We are all Mura" 310: 309: 302: 239:, and the use of 233:phoneme inventory 219:is a language of 214: 213: 5423: 5390:Linguistic areas 5258:Linguistic areas 4800:? Mura–Matanawí 4547:Andoque–Urequena 4397: 4396: 4124: 4123: 4097: 4096: 4068: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4031: 4030: 3873: 3872: 3827:Huaorani/Waorani 3711:(extant in 2000) 3675:Esmeralda–Yaruro 3446:Andoque–Urequena 3439: 3438: 3323: 3322: 3129:Plateau Penutian 3020: 3019: 2995:(Northern Daly?) 2838: 2837: 2724:Northwest Papuan 2688:Trans–New Guinea 2554:East New Britain 2529:Central Solomons 2495: 2494: 2240:Great Andamanese 2190: 2189: 2041: 2040: 2021: 2014: 2007: 1998: 1997: 1229: 1228: 1148: 1141: 1134: 1125: 1124: 1047: 1046: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1019: 1006: 995: 994: 979: 973: 972: 958: 719:female foreigner 661: 660: 470: 469: 432: 424: 387: 381: 375: 348:; spoken on the 305: 298: 294: 291: 285: 262: 254: 207: 198: 182:Yahahi (not ISO) 181: 169:Bohura (not ISO) 168: 151: 144: 124: 76: 19: 18: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5411:Muran languages 5401: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5351: 5280: 5252: 5213:Mataco–Guaicuru 5208:Katembri–Taruma 5173:Macro-Puinavean 5158:Macro-Otomákoan 5117: 5083: 5023:Mataco–Guaicuru 5007: 4941: 4824: 4763: 4656: 4632:Sechura–Catacao 4621:Pacific coast ( 4616: 4575:Pacific coast ( 4570: 4497: 4433: 4395: 4317: 4201: 4122: 4095: 4081: 4075: 4073:classification) 4067: 4058: 4028: 4023: 4022: 3996: 3982:Mixed languages 3951: 3932: 3867: 3856: 3710: 3704: 3559:Katembri–Taruma 3433: 3422: 3394: 3308: 3201: 3014: 3003: 2974: 2823: 2735: 2694:Turama–Kikorian 2604:Lower Mamberamo 2559:East Strickland 2487: 2475: 2393: 2181: 2176: 2166: 2121: 2030: 2025: 1995: 1990: 1899: 1873: 1833: 1762: 1734: 1701: 1678: 1600: 1567: 1459: 1426: 1353: 1315: 1224: 1218: 1178: 1157: 1152: 1114: 1098:Curt Nimuendajú 1056: 1051: 1050: 1043: 1029: 1025: 1007: 998: 980: 976: 970: 959: 950: 945: 460: 440: 344:, also spelled 336:Pirahá, Pirahán 306: 295: 289: 286: 275: 263: 252: 237:whistled speech 231:, a very small 229:agglutinativity 210: 194: 177: 164: 161: 147: 140: 125: 120: 100: 77: 74:Language family 72: 65: 64:360 (2000) 61: 60:Native speakers 17: 12: 11: 5: 5429: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5385:Classification 5382: 5377: 5376: 5375: 5365: 5359: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5271:Mamoré–Guaporé 5268: 5262: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5243:Wamo–Chapakura 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5223:Moseten–Chonan 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5148:Macro-Chibchan 5145: 5143:Macro-Arawakan 5140: 5135: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5108: 5101: 5095: 5093: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5030: 5018: 5016: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4986: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4961: 4953: 4951: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4890: 4885: 4878: 4871: 4864: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4840: 4834: 4832: 4830:Mamoré–Guaporé 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4774: 4772: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4754: 4743: 4736: 4729: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4671: 4669: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4645: 4634: 4628: 4626: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4582: 4580: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4528: 4520: 4518: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4451: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4419: 4412: 4406: 4404: 4394: 4393: 4386: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4366: 4365: 4358: 4351: 4338: 4332: 4330: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4294: 4287: 4280: 4273: 4266: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4224: 4219: 4213: 4211: 4210:Eastern Brazil 4207: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4132: 4130: 4121: 4120: 4113: 4105: 4103: 4094: 4093: 4085: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4057: 4056: 4049: 4042: 4034: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4013: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3907:Indo-Pakistani 3904: 3899: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3790: 3785: 3778: 3773: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3714: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3606:Piaroa–Saliban 3603: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3507: 3502: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3428: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3373: 3371:Tequistlatecan 3368: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3337: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3217: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3095: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3064: 3057: 3050: 3043: 3038: 3031: 3023: 3017: 3009: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3001: 2996: 2990: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2962: 2957: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2903: 2898: 2894:Marrku–Wurrugu 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2868: 2861: 2853: 2848: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2684: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2473: 2465: 2458: 2452: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2426: 2419: 2412: 2407: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2338: 2331: 2324: 2319: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2256: 2253:Hurro-Urartian 2249: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2225: 2220: 2213: 2206: 2201: 2193: 2187: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2147: 2140: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2084: 2076: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2052: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2023: 2016: 2009: 2001: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1941:Haitian Creole 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1885:Brazilian Sign 1881: 1879: 1878:Sign languages 1875: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1843: 1842:Interlanguages 1839: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1744: 1742: 1736: 1735: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1711: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1610: 1608: 1602: 1601: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1577: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1469: 1467: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1363: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1325: 1323: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1237: 1235: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1204: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1186: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1151: 1150: 1143: 1136: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1113: 1112:External links 1110: 1109: 1108: 1095: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1041: 1023: 996: 974: 947: 946: 944: 941: 940: 939: 936: 935: 932: 929: 925: 924: 921: 918: 914: 913: 910: 907: 903: 902: 899: 896: 892: 891: 888: 885: 881: 880: 877: 874: 870: 869: 866: 863: 859: 858: 855: 852: 848: 847: 844: 841: 837: 836: 833: 830: 826: 825: 822: 819: 815: 814: 811: 808: 804: 803: 800: 797: 793: 792: 789: 786: 782: 781: 778: 775: 771: 770: 767: 764: 760: 759: 756: 753: 749: 748: 745: 742: 738: 737: 734: 731: 727: 726: 723: 720: 716: 715: 712: 709: 708:male foreigner 705: 704: 701: 698: 694: 693: 690: 687: 683: 682: 679: 676: 672: 671: 668: 665: 654: 653: 650: 649: 646: 643: 640: 636: 635: 632: 629: 626: 622: 621: 618: 615: 612: 608: 607: 604: 601: 598: 594: 593: 590: 587: 584: 580: 579: 576: 573: 570: 566: 565: 562: 559: 556: 552: 551: 548: 545: 542: 538: 537: 534: 531: 528: 524: 523: 520: 517: 514: 510: 509: 507: 504: 502: 498: 497: 495: 492: 490: 486: 485: 480: 477: 474: 459: 456: 439: 436: 435: 434: 426: 414:bohuarai-arase 365:Marmelos river 353: 352: 339: 327: 308: 307: 266: 264: 257: 251: 248: 212: 211: 208: 200: 199: 192: 184: 183: 175: 171: 170: 162: 157: 154: 153: 145: 137: 136: 135:Language codes 132: 131: 126: 122:Writing system 119: 116: 115: 114: 113: 106: 102: 101: 99: 98: 97: 96: 80: 78: 71: 68: 67: 62: 59: 56: 55: 48: 44: 43: 40: 36: 35: 29: 28: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5428: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5354: 5348: 5347:French Guiana 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5203:Je–Tupi–Carib 5201: 5199: 5198:Hibito–Cholon 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5178:Macro-Warpean 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5107: 5106: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4997: 4996: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4898: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4872: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4766: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4682:Hibito–Cholon 4680: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4650: 4646: 4644: 4643:Cañari–Puruhá 4641: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4230: 4229: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4101:Je–Tupi–Carib 4098: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4071:Campbell 2012 4066: 4065:South America 4062: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4036: 4035: 4032: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3917:Original Thai 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3863: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3707: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3681:Hibito–Cholón 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3429: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3266: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3197:Yuman–Cochimí 3195: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3010: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2932:Southern Daly 2930: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2857:Darwin Region 2854: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2539:Demta–Sentani 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2330: 2329: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2260:Indo-European 2257: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2211: 2210:Austroasiatic 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2180: 2173: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2022: 2017: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2003: 2002: 1999: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1221: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1069:0-19-509427-1 1066: 1062: 1058: 1057: 1044: 1038: 1034: 1027: 1018: 1017: 1011: 1005: 1003: 1001: 992: 988: 984: 978: 968: 967: 962: 957: 955: 953: 948: 933: 930: 927: 926: 922: 919: 916: 915: 911: 908: 905: 904: 900: 897: 894: 893: 889: 886: 883: 882: 878: 875: 872: 871: 867: 864: 861: 860: 856: 853: 850: 849: 845: 842: 839: 838: 834: 831: 828: 827: 823: 820: 817: 816: 812: 809: 806: 805: 801: 798: 795: 794: 790: 787: 784: 783: 779: 776: 773: 772: 768: 765: 762: 761: 757: 754: 751: 750: 746: 743: 740: 739: 735: 732: 729: 728: 724: 721: 718: 717: 713: 710: 707: 706: 702: 699: 696: 695: 691: 688: 685: 684: 680: 677: 674: 673: 669: 666: 664:English gloss 663: 662: 659: 658: 657: 647: 644: 641: 638: 637: 633: 630: 627: 624: 623: 619: 616: 613: 610: 609: 605: 602: 599: 596: 595: 591: 588: 585: 582: 581: 577: 574: 571: 568: 567: 563: 560: 557: 554: 553: 549: 546: 543: 540: 539: 535: 532: 529: 526: 525: 521: 518: 515: 512: 511: 508: 505: 503: 500: 499: 496: 493: 491: 488: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 472: 471: 468: 467: 466: 464: 455: 453: 452:Macro-Warpean 449: 445: 431: 427: 423: 419: 418: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 386: 380: 374: 368: 366: 362: 358: 351: 347: 343: 340: 337: 333: 332: 328: 326: 322: 318: 315: 314: 313: 304: 301: 293: 283: 279: 273: 272: 267:This section 265: 261: 256: 255: 247: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 206: 201: 197: 193: 191: 190: 185: 180: 176: 172: 167: 163: 160: 159:Linguist List 155: 152:Pirahã (Mura) 150: 146: 143: 138: 133: 130: 127: 123: 117: 112: 109: 108: 107: 103: 95: 92: 91: 89: 88:Mura–Matanawi 86: 85: 83: 82:Macro-Warpean 79: 75: 69: 63: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 34: 30: 25: 20: 5233:Saparo–Yawan 5183:Arutani–Sape 5168:Macro-Panoan 5163:Macro-Paesan 5153:Macro-Jibaro 5138:Macro-Andean 5110: 5103: 5074:Lule–Vilelan 5044: 5037: 5000: 4993: 4981: 4956: 4934: 4927: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4880: 4873: 4866: 4859: 4842: 4817: 4808: 4803: 4747:Saparo–Yawan 4738: 4731: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4676:Pano–Tacanan 4674: 4647: 4609: 4602: 4585: 4579:and Ecuador) 4563: 4523: 4470: 4463: 4456: 4421: 4414: 4388: 4376: 4369: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4342:Arutani–Sape 4310: 4303: 4296: 4289: 4282: 4275: 4268: 4261: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4226: 4194: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4115: 4108: 4088: 4082:and isolates 4016: 4009: 4008:Families in 3943: 3894: 3805: 3792: 3780: 3630: 3598: 3589:Pano-Tacanan 3546: 3509: 3497: 3468:Arutani–Sape 3460: 3405: 3387: 3380: 3365:Oto-Manguean 3363: 3346: 3339: 3286: 3274: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3246: 3219: 3212: 3189: 3182: 3170: 3143: 3121: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3073: 3066: 3059: 3052: 3045: 3033: 3026: 2985: 2952: 2948:Western Daly 2926:Pama–Nyungan 2924: 2912: 2905: 2892: 2870: 2865:Eastern Daly 2863: 2855: 2810: 2686: 2674: 2652: 2635: 2613: 2584:Kaure–Kosare 2544:Doso–Turumsa 2534:Chimbu–Wahgi 2524:Bulaka River 2508:Austronesian 2506: 2467: 2460: 2441: 2428: 2421: 2414: 2340: 2333: 2326: 2316:Sino-Tibetan 2314: 2297: 2280: 2258: 2251: 2244: 2227: 2217:Austronesian 2215: 2208: 2196: 2142: 2080:Nilo-Saharan 2078: 2071: 2056:Austronesian 2054: 2047: 1904:Non-official 1890:Ka'apor Sign 1473:Akwẽ-Xerénte 1266:Enawenê-Nawê 1103: 1091: 1060: 1054:Bibliography 1032: 1026: 1015: 990: 986: 977: 964: 655: 461: 451: 441: 413: 409: 405: 401: 389: 369: 354: 350:Branco River 345: 341: 335: 329: 320: 316: 311: 296: 287: 276:Please help 271:verification 268: 245: 216: 215: 187: 129:Latin script 93: 32: 5228:Quechumaran 5188:Bora–Witoto 5088:Far South ( 4989:Uru–Chipaya 4965:Quechumaran 4850:Nambikwaran 4532:Bora–Witoto 4429:Ticuna–Yuri 3902:Germanosign 3806:Mura-Pirahã 3687:Lule–Vilela 3663:Bora-Witoto 3638:Uru–Chipaya 3611:Ticuna–Yuri 3594:Peba–Yaguan 3579:Nambikwaran 3382:Uto-Aztecan 3318:Mesoamerica 3172:Uto-Aztecan 3161:Tsimshianic 3123:Palaihnihan 2993:Malak-Malak 2730:Papuan Gulf 2704:West Papuan 2609:Lower Sepik 2599:Lakes Plain 2502:Arai–Samaia 2490:the Pacific 2198:Afroasiatic 2073:Niger–Congo 2049:Afroasiatic 1916:Vlax Romani 1895:Terena Sign 1859:Macarrônico 1740:Nambikwaran 1498:Djeoromitxí 1119:Grupo Muran 325:Autaz River 290:August 2024 52:Mura people 5405:Categories 5099:Qawasqaran 5033:Guaicuruan 5002:Mapudungun 4838:Chapacuran 4752:Peba–Yagua 4687:Cahuapanan 4604:Yurumanguí 4188:Chiquitano 4161:Maxakalian 4069:(based on 3896:Francosign 3744:Chiquitano 3724:Alacalufan 3532:Guaicuruan 3505:Chapacuran 3488:Cahuapanan 3456:Araucanian 3359:Mixe–Zoque 3354:Misumalpan 3068:Comecrudan 2920:Nyulnyulan 2699:Upper Yuat 2676:Torricelli 2648:Senu River 2579:Foja Range 2485:New Guinea 2410:Burushaski 2271:Kartvelian 2246:Hmong–Mien 2062:Khoe–Kwadi 1854:Lanc-Patuá 1753:Nambikwara 1684:Chapacuran 1659:Tenetehara 1533:Mẽbêngôkre 1493:Chiquitano 1402:Pará Arára 1387:Hixkaryana 1223:Indigenous 1195:Pomeranian 1169:Portuguese 966:Ethnologue 934:baábi(hi) 458:Vocabulary 454:proposal. 406:bhurai-ada 385:Buxwarahay 5363:Languages 5332:Venezuela 5292:Argentina 5285:Countries 5276:Amazonian 4888:Mosetenan 4882:Canichana 4794:Katukinan 4789:Harákmbut 4740:Tequiraca 4611:Esmeralda 4598:Barbacoan 4554:Guajiboan 4493:Jirajaran 4448:Venezuela 4384:Otomacoan 4336:Yanomaman 4327:Venezuela 4263:Pankararú 4181:Rikbaktsá 3927:Tanzanian 3868:languages 3765:Hodï/Joti 3709:Isolates 3648:Yanomaman 3584:Otomákoan 3548:Jirajaran 3537:Guajiboan 3499:Catacaoan 3478:Barbacoan 3407:Cuitlatec 3376:Totonacan 3335:Jicaquean 3214:Chimariko 3110:Muskogean 3092:Kalapuyan 3086:Iroquoian 3061:Chumashan 3054:Chinookan 3047:Chimakuan 2965:Yangmanic 2960:Worrorran 2943:Wagaydyic 2833:Australia 2682:Trans-Fly 2348:Yeniseian 2335:Tyrsenian 2229:Dravidian 1921:Hungarian 1644:Nheengatu 1639:Munduruku 1629:Kagwahiva 1548:Rikbaktsa 1445:Kashinawa 1301:Wapishana 1241:Asháninka 1225:languages 1087:Nacional. 890:kaháíʔái 835:koabaipí 631:tihoʔahai 547:haine-tué 533:hane-apue 379:Buxivaray 361:Rodrigues 189:Glottolog 142:ISO 639-3 47:Ethnicity 5342:Suriname 5322:Paraguay 5307:Colombia 5069:Huarpean 5064:Charruan 5059:Zamucoan 5054:Mascoyan 5028:Matacoan 4970:Quechuan 4894:Yuracaré 4861:Cayubaba 4855:Bororoan 4810:Matanawí 4757:Zaparoan 4726:Taushiro 4698:Candoshi 4692:Jivaroan 4587:Chibchan 4577:Colombia 4542:Witotoan 4525:Tucanoan 4507:Colombia 4488:Timotean 4483:Tiniguan 4444:Colombia 4270:Tarairiú 4249:Katembri 4217:Karirian 4156:Krenakan 4141:Jabutian 4128:Macro-Jê 4090:Arawakan 3960:See also 3937:Isolates 3912:Japanese 3852:Yuracaré 3734:Candoshi 3693:Macro-Jê 3658:Zaparoan 3653:Zamucoan 3643:Witotoan 3626:Tucanoan 3621:Tiniguan 3616:Timotean 3600:Quechuan 3569:Matacoan 3564:Mascoian 3554:Jivaroan 3517:Chibchan 3511:Charruan 3462:Arawakan 3399:Isolates 3330:Chibchan 3206:Isolates 3178:Wakashan 3139:Salishan 3081:Eskaleut 2987:Giimbiyu 2979:Isolates 2888:Jarrakan 2883:Iwaidjan 2740:Isolates 2594:Kutubuan 2462:Sumerian 2398:Isolates 2353:Yukaghir 2322:Tungusic 2288:Mongolic 2276:Koreanic 2235:Eskaleut 2126:Isolates 2110:Ubangian 1956:Romanian 1911:Japanese 1804:Katawixi 1799:Kanamarí 1748:Mamaindê 1707:Tukanoan 1654:Tapirapé 1553:Tapayúna 1528:Maxakalí 1503:Kaingang 1465:Macro-Jê 1455:Yaminawa 1417:Ye'kuana 1334:Jamamadí 1306:Warekena 1276:Mehinaku 1271:Mapidian 1256:Barawana 1233:Arawakan 1012:(1968). 846:pitáipí 843:pitaissa 824:aitáhoi 747:tihíihi 736:bahóisi 730:wild pig 648:kauátei 550:atu-pay 536:apu-pay 522:a-paixi 519:hana-pai 463:Loukotka 444:Matanawí 398:Matanawi 373:Buhuraen 321:Buxwaray 250:Dialects 221:Amazonas 196:pira1253 105:Dialects 84: ? 33:Buxwaray 5317:Ecuador 5297:Bolivia 5248:Amerind 5046:Payaguá 5015:–Pampas 4983:Puquina 4975:Aymaran 4946:Andes ( 4929:Irantxe 4868:Itonama 4733:Urarina 4719:Waorani 4712:Munichi 4705:Omurano 4649:Mochica 4638:Chimuan 4593:Chocoan 4565:Puinave 4559:Nadahup 4472:Andaquí 4442:Andes ( 4410:Sáliban 4348:Arutani 4323:Orinoco 4110:Cariban 4010:italics 3987:Pidgins 3972:Creoles 3922:Swedish 3890:Chinese 3837:Urarina 3822:Puinave 3776:Itonama 3770:Irantxe 3739:Chimane 3669:Chimuan 3574:Nadahup 3493:Cariban 3473:Aymaran 3434:America 3276:Waikuri 3269:Tonkawa 3262:Timucua 3255:Takelma 3248:Siuslaw 3237:Kutenai 3221:Esselen 3184:Wintuan 3145:Shastan 3116:Na-Dene 3104:Maiduan 3041:Caddoan 3015:America 2969:Wagiman 2967:(incl. 2938:Tangkic 2878:Garawan 2851:Bunuban 2812:Tambora 2779:Maybrat 2747:Abinomn 2670:Teberan 2631:Pauwasi 2621:Mairasi 2589:Kiwaian 2469:Tambora 2455:Shompen 2437:Kusunda 2430:Kenaboi 2416:Elamite 2388:Siangic 2370:Kho-Bwa 2364:Hrusish 2282:Kra–Dai 2266:Japonic 2175:Eurasia 2150:Sandawe 2133:Bangime 2098:Songhay 1981:Chinese 1971:Turkish 1966:Tagalog 1961:Russian 1849:Cafundó 1794:Kadiwéu 1789:Irantxe 1779:Arutani 1692:Oro Win 1573:Nadahup 1563:Xavante 1558:Timbira 1513:Kĩsêdjê 1483:Arikapú 1478:Apinajé 1450:Shipibo 1440:Amawaka 1412:Sikiana 1397:Macushi 1377:Bakairi 1359:Cariban 1349:Zuruahá 1344:Paumarí 1291:Tariana 1281:Palikúr 1246:Atorada 1207:Italian 1202:Hunsrik 1117:PROEL: 865:aihyahá 832:kwoabís 821:aitáhus 763:tobacco 758:ágaísi 689:kutjúhi 670:Pirahã 642:kabachí 634:chifuä 628:chihuha 561:hane-uí 544:aro-pái 450:in his 410:Bohurai 90: ? 5337:Guyana 5302:Brazil 5105:Yaghan 5079:Chonan 5039:Guachí 4908:Aikanã 4875:Movima 4819:Trumai 4784:Arawan 4769:Amazon 4662:Amazon 4515:Vaupés 4511:Japurá 4503:Amazon 4478:Paezan 4390:Yaruro 4298:Xukurú 4242:Baenan 4235:Gamela 4228:Taruma 4222:Purían 4151:Karajá 4146:Kamakã 4117:Tupian 3885:BANZSL 3847:Yamana 3832:Trumai 3801:Movima 3755:Fulniô 3718:Aikanã 3632:Tupian 3527:Chonan 3451:Arauan 3389:Xincan 3341:Lencan 3294:Yokuts 3191:Yukian 3156:Tanoan 3151:Siouan 3134:Pomoan 3075:Coosan 2901:Mirndi 2794:Porome 2789:Pawaia 2643:Senagi 2615:Madang 2564:Eleman 2519:Border 2450:Nihali 2443:Minoan 2423:Hattic 2405:Basque 2376:Mijiic 2358:Digaro 2342:Uralic 2328:Turkic 2179:Europe 2036:Africa 1986:Slovak 1976:Korean 1951:Polish 1931:French 1926:Arabic 1829:Xukuru 1824:Ticuna 1819:Pirahã 1774:Aikanã 1767:Others 1758:Sabanê 1730:Wanano 1725:Tuyuca 1720:Tukano 1669:Xipaya 1649:Omagua 1624:Juruna 1614:Akwáwa 1606:Tupian 1543:Panará 1518:Krenak 1508:Karajá 1488:Bororo 1432:Panoan 1422:Waiwai 1407:Salumá 1392:Ikpeng 1372:Apalaí 1367:Amonap 1339:Kulina 1321:Arawan 1296:Terêna 1286:Paresi 1251:Baniwa 1212:Talian 1190:German 1067:  1039:  931:babihí 912:aáopí 906:feisty 887:kaãnhê 868:ahoái 744:tihyhí 733:bahúis 703:itohí 700:itokúi 692:koihí 681:piiʔi 678:peissí 645:kabatí 639:tapir 625:maize 611:stone 583:water 578:yuéhe 569:woman 541:tooth 530:ku-pái 483:Pirahã 479:Bohurá 448:Huarpe 402:Bohura 346:Jahahi 342:Yahahí 331:Pirahã 317:Bohurá 225:Pirahã 174:  111:Pirahã 54:(1995) 50:1,500 42:Amazon 39:Region 27:Bohurá 5356:Lists 5312:Chile 5266:Chaco 5112:Chono 5090:Chile 5013:Chaco 4995:Kunza 4958:Culle 4936:Arara 4922:Kwazá 4915:Kanoê 4804:Muran 4537:Boran 4517:area) 4465:Camsá 4458:Cofán 4416:Betoi 4378:Guamo 4371:Warao 4284:Wamoé 4196:Guató 4174:Ofayé 4167:Jaikó 3842:Warao 3811:Nukak 3782:Kunza 3760:Guató 3749:Cofán 3729:Camsá 3522:Choco 3483:Boran 3432:South 3413:Huave 3348:Mayan 3299:Yuchi 3282:Washo 3232:Karuk 3227:Haida 3166:Utian 3098:Keres 3035:Alsea 3028:Algic 3013:North 2805:Taiap 2799:Sulka 2654:Sepik 2569:Engan 2310:Ongan 2293:Nivkh 2161:Shabo 2144:Jalaa 2138:Hadza 2092:Mande 1946:Greek 1936:Dutch 1814:Ninam 1809:Kwaza 1784:Guató 1715:Cubeo 1697:Wariʼ 1634:Kaiwá 1596:Nadëb 1591:Kakwa 1538:Ofayé 1382:Carib 1311:Waurá 943:Notes 923:kaáo 909:aupís 879:hisó 876:huisí 854:abaái 840:drink 818:sleep 796:blood 791:hoái 769:tíhi 766:itíhi 755:arais 752:flour 741:louse 725:aogí 714:aooí 686:short 620:begé 597:fire 575:kairi 572:yúehẽ 564:upai 555:hand 516:a-pái 513:head 506:mukui 494:huyiː 473:gloss 334:, or 319:, or 5327:Peru 5133:Duho 4948:Peru 4901:Leco 4844:Mure 4666:Peru 4623:Peru 4446:and 4423:Hodï 4402:Duho 4362:Máku 4355:Sapé 4305:Yaté 4291:Xokó 4277:Tuxá 4256:Natú 4017:bold 3944:See 3880:Arab 3866:Sign 3817:Páez 3794:Maku 3788:Leco 3304:Zuni 3288:Yana 3242:Seri 2999:Tiwi 2819:Wiru 2784:Mpur 2774:Kuot 2757:Anêm 2752:Abun 2719:Yuat 2714:Yawa 2660:Skou 2637:Ramu 2488:and 2382:Miju 2204:Ainu 2184:Asia 2182:and 2155:Laal 2116:Kadu 2104:Ijaw 2067:Kx'a 1674:Zo'é 1664:Xeta 1329:Deni 1261:Baré 1065:ISBN 1037:ISBN 961:Mura 901:agí 895:cold 884:moon 857:abí 851:stay 807:bone 802:bií 785:fire 780:tai 777:itai 774:leaf 722:aurí 675:long 667:Mura 606:wái 603:huai 600:foai 527:ear 501:two 489:one 476:Múra 412:and 396:and 394:Torá 390:Murá 241:tone 217:Mura 94:Mura 22:Mura 4312:Otí 4063:of 2769:Kol 2763:Ata 2709:Yam 2574:Fas 2087:Tuu 1586:Hup 1581:Dâw 987:ABN 963:at 928:bad 920:kái 917:far 898:arí 873:sun 862:say 829:die 813:aí 788:uái 711:auí 697:big 617:atí 614:atí 592:pé 589:ipé 558:upa 280:by 179:cvf 166:ffg 149:myp 5407:: 5021:? 4963:? 4777:? 4745:? 4636:? 4530:? 4509:, 4400:? 4340:? 4193:? 4136:Jê 2971:)? 999:^ 991:15 989:. 951:^ 810:ái 799:bê 586:pé 382:~ 243:. 5092:) 4668:) 4664:( 4625:) 4513:– 4505:( 4450:) 4329:) 4325:( 4053:e 4046:t 4039:v 4019:. 3929:? 3813:? 3772:? 3751:? 3720:? 3701:? 3695:? 3689:? 3683:? 3677:? 3671:? 3665:? 2934:? 2897:? 2860:? 2847:? 2814:? 2807:? 2801:? 2765:? 2759:? 2732:? 2726:? 2471:? 2457:? 2445:? 2432:? 2390:? 2384:? 2378:? 2372:? 2366:? 2360:? 2186:) 2177:( 2163:? 2157:? 2118:? 2112:? 2106:? 2100:? 2094:? 2083:? 2020:e 2013:t 2006:v 1147:e 1140:t 1133:v 1071:. 1045:. 303:) 297:( 292:) 288:( 274:.

Index

Mura people
Language family
Macro-Warpean
Mura–Matanawi
Pirahã
Writing system
Latin script
ISO 639-3
myp
Linguist List
ffg
cvf
Glottolog
pira1253

Amazonas
Pirahã
agglutinativity
phoneme inventory
whistled speech
tone

verification
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Autaz River
Pirahã
Branco River
mutually intelligible

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