Kartikeya - Knowledge

1403: 2357: 82: 1128: 2025: 9392: 2687: 1710: 2861: 1817: 343: 1327: 8549: 2349:) on his shoulders to be placed in the south, to balance the weight. Idumban carried the hills and set southward, stopping en-route to place them down for a while and rest. When he tried to lift them again, he was unable to move one of the hills. He found a youth standing atop the hill and fought with him, only to be defeated. Agasthya identified the youth as Kartikeya, and the two discussed the dispute. The hill was left to remain at its resting location, which later became 1224: 2256: 10698: 9073: 3013:

unborn increased through many autumns. I saw him born what time his Mother bare him. I saw him from afar gold-toothed, bright-coloured, hurling his weapons from his habitation, What time I gave him Amrta free from mixture. How can the Indraless, the hymnless harm me? I saw him moving from the place he dwells in, even as with a herd, brilliantly shining. These seized him not: he had been born already. They who were grey with age again grow youthful.

2127: 10708: 9083: 10687: 3006:माता युवतिः समुब्धं गुहा बिभर्ति न ददाति पित्रे । अनीकमस्य न मिनज्जनासः पुरः पश्यन्ति निहितमरतौ ॥१॥ कमेतं त्वं युवते कुमारं पेषी बिभर्षि महिषी जजान । पूर्वीर्हि गर्भः शरदो ववर्धापश्यं जातं यदसूत माता ॥२॥ हिरण्यदन्तं शुचिवर्णमारात्क्षेत्रादपश्यमायुधा मिमानम् । ददानो अस्मा अमृतं विपृक्वत्किं मामनिन्द्राः कृणवन्ननुक्थाः ॥३॥ क्षेत्रादपश्यं सनुतश्चरन्तं सुमद्यूथं न पुरु शोभमानम् । न ता अगृभ्रन्नजनिष्ट हि षः पलिक्नीरिद्युवतयो भवन्ति ॥४॥ (...) 9138: 2070:, according to Ghurye. After the seventh century, Skanda's importance diminished while his brother Ganesha's importance rose in the west and north, while in the south the legends of Murugan continued to grow. According to Norman Cutler, Kartikeya-Murugan-Skanda of South and North India coalesced over time, but some aspects of the South Indian iconography and mythology for Murugan have remained unique to Tamil Nadu. 10718: 2041: 2490: 9130: 1147:, the asura brothers Surapadma, Simhamukha and Tarakasura performed tapas to Shiva, who granted them with various weapons and a wish wherein they could only be killed by the son of Shiva, which offered them near-immortality. They subsequently oppressed other celestial beings including the devas, and started a reign of tyranny in the 827:, supposedly given to him by his mother Parvati. While most icons represent him with only one head, some have six heads, a reflection of legends surrounding his birth wherein he was fused from six boys or borne of six conceptions. He is described to have aged quickly from childhood, becoming a warrior, leading the army of the 1306:. However, Ganesha surmised that the world was no more than his parents Shiva and Shakti combined, circumambulated them, and won the fruit. When Kartikeya returned, he was furious to learn that his efforts had been in vain, and felt cheated. He discarded all his material belongings and left Kailasha to take up abode in the 1692:

literature. While the text is named after Skanda (Kartikeya), he does not feature either more or less prominently in the text than in other Shiva-related Puranas. The text has been an important historical record and influence on the Hindu traditions related to war-god Skanda. The earliest text titled

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carried the sparks, later handing them to the fire god Agni because of the unbearable heat. Agni deposited the sparks in the Ganges river. The water in the Ganges began to evaporate due to the intense heat of the sparks. Ganga took them to Saravana lake, where the sparks developed into six baby boys.

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landscape. In that role he was seen as a guardian who consistently defended the Tamils against foreign invasions with the stories of his astonishing and miraculous deeds increasing his stature in the community, who began to view him as god. Many of the major events in the narrative of Murugan's life

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states that according to the archeological and epigraphical evidence, the contemporary deity worshipped as Murugan, Subrahmanya and Kartikeya is a composite of two influences: Skanda from the south, and Mahasena from the north. He as the warrior-philosopher god was the patron deity for many ancient

2946:, Kartikeya is worshipped on the last day of the month of Kartik, when a clay model of the deity is kept for a newlywed couple (usually by their friends) before the door of their house. The deity is worshipped the next day in the evening and is offered toys. The deity is also worshipped during the 1959:

Consistent elements of Kartikeya's narrative across the diverse corpus of legends relating to him include his birth by a surrogate in difficult circumstances, his upbringing by a host of mothers, and his later reunion with his biological family. According to Fred Clothey, Muruga thus symbolizes a

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Kartikeya believed that asuras and devas were all descendants of Shiva and that if asuras were to correct their ways, the conflict could be avoided. He sent messengers to communicate as much and to give the asuras a fair warning, which they ignored. Kartikeya killed Tarakasura and his lieutenant

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English: "The youthful Mother keeps the Boy in secret pressed to her close, nor yields him to the Father. But, when he lies upon the arm, the people see his unfading countenance before them. What child is this thou carriest as handmaid, O Youthful One? The Consort-Queen hath bome him. The Babe

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and described as a god of beauty and youth, with such exaltations as "his body glows like the sun rising from the emerald sea". It describes him with six faces—each with a function, and twelve arms, and tells of the temples dedicated to him in the hilly regions and of his victory over evil. The

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recount a war fought by Kartikeya against the asuras. As Kartikeya was born to save the devas from the tyrnany of the asuras, he was appointed as the commander of the devas and engaged in conflict with the asuras. Shiva granted him an army of 30,000 warriors to assist in the war against the

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from the sixth to thirteenth centuries CE, Murugan was firmly established in the role of a teacher and philosopher, while his militaristic depictions waned. Despite the changes, his portrayal was multi-faceted, with significant differences between Skanda and Murugan until the late

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Kartikeya killed the next brother Simhamukha and faced off with Surapadma in the final battle. Surapadma took a large form with multiple heads, arms and legs trying to intimidate Kartikeya. When Kartikeya threw his vel, Surapadma escaped to the sea and took the form of a large

2314:, a portable altar up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) tall and weighing up to 30 kg (66 lb) decorated with peacock feathers, which is attached to the body of the devotee through multiple skewers and metal hooks pierced into the skin on the chest and back. 1897:

mount in early iconography, his iconography of a six faced lord on a peacock mount became firmly enshrined after the sixth century CE, along with the progression of his role from that of a warrior to that of a philosopher-teacher, and his increasing prominence in the

1211:(seven great sages) and, while none of the wives reciprocates Agni's feelings of love, Svaha is present and attracted to Agni. Svaha takes the form of six of the wives, one by one, and has sex with Agni six times. She is unable to take the form of Arundhati, 2864:

During Kartik puja in Bengal, Kartikeya is offered toys (right side of the image), to represent the upcoming of a child in the house for the newly married couple. The deity is also offered sweets, flowers and other ritualistic materials along with a bed and

2298:). The Kavadi is a physical burden which consists of two semicircular pieces of wood or steel which are bent and attached to a cross structure in its simplest form, which is then balanced on the shoulders of the devotee. By bearing the Kavadi, the devotees 2471:

to Kartikeya. It is believed to have been prepared before by Ganesha to soothe his brother Kartikeya after their battle for the divine fruit of knowledge. The practice is followed in modern times in temples where the devotees are provided the mixture as a

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coins dated to the first and second centuries CE show Kartikeya with either one or six heads, with one-headed depictions being more common. Similarly, sculptures show him with either one or six heads, with the six head iconography dated to

2000:). According to Fred Clothey, as Murugan, he embodies the "cultural and religious whole that comprises South Indian Shaivism". He is a central philosopher and a key exponent of Shaiva Siddhanta theology, as well as the patron deity of the 1298:

and Kartikeya, but Narada counseled that the fruit could not be divided. So, it was decided to award the fruit to whomsoever first circled the world thrice. Accepting the challenge, Kartikeya started his journey around the globe atop his

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has suggested that the deity's popularity among Buddhists is due to his purported power to grant emotional gratification, which is in stark contrast to the sensual restraint that characterizes Buddhist practice in Sri Lanka.According to

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to disturb Shiva. Shiva was furious with the act and burnt Kamadeva to ashes. But Shiva's attention then turned towards Parvati, who had performed tapas in order to win his affection, and married her, then conceiving Kartikeya.

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According to Fred Clothey, the evidence suggests that mythology relating to Kartikeya became widespread in North India sometime around 200 BCE or later. In addition to textual evidence, his importance is affirmed by the

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The six boys were then raised by the Krittikas and they were later fused into one by Parvati. Thus, the six-headed Kartikeya was born, conceived to answer the devas' pleas for help and deliver them from the asuras.

1543:, the elephant) is depicted as the daughter of Indra, who was given in marriage to Kartikeya for his help in saving the devas from the asuras. Kartikeya is also said to have married Valli, the daughter of a 1873:

influence to symbolize Kartikeya's agility and maneuverability as a warrior god. Kartikeya's iconography portrays him as a youthful god, dressed as a warrior with attributes of a hunter and a philosopher.

1100:, the king of devas, devised a scheme to disrupt Shiva’s meditation and beguile him with thoughts of love, so that he could sire an offspring and thusly end Tarakasura's immortality. Shiva was engaged in 5632: 3027:

Verse 7.26.2 states Kumara is Skanda, but there are stylistic differences between this verse and the rest of the chapter. This may be because this verse was interpolated into the text at a later date.

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works dated between the third century BCE and the fifth century CE glorify Murugan, "the red god seated on the blue peacock, who is ever young and resplendent," as "the favoured god of the Tamils."

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Krowchaka with his vel. While Tarakasura was confused at facing Shiva's son, as he thought his war was not with Shiva, Kartikeya felt it necessary to vanquish him, as his vision was occluded by

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is performed by devotees as the ritual fulfillment of a vow to discard their hair in imitation of the form that Kartikeya assumed in childhood. Newborns may undergo a ritual of tonsuring and

4214: 1582:. The verses mention a brightly-colored boy hurling weapons, evoking motifs associated with Kartikeya such as his bright glowing skin and his possession of divine weapons including the 6173: 2812:

is dedicated to Murugan, who is depicted in a 42.7-meter-high statue at the entrance, one of the largest Murugan statues in the world. There are some other temples in Malaysia such as

1215:'s wife, because of Arundhati's extraordinary virtuous powers. Svaha deposits the semen of Agni into the reeds of Ganges river, where it develops and is born as the six-headed Skanda. 4342:

Modern Sannyasins, Parallel Society and Hindu Replications: A Study of the Protestant Contribution to Tamil Culture in Nineteenth Century Sri Lanka against a Historical Background

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tree, which was then split in half by Kartikeya using his vel. One half of the tree became his mount, the peacock, while the other half became the rooster entrenched on his flag.

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narrate the legend of Skanda, presenting him as the son of Maheshvara (Shiva) and Parvati: Shiva and Parvati were disturbed during sex, causing Shiva to inadvertently spill his

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implore Murugan for assistance, usually as a means of balancing a spiritual debt or on behalf of a loved one who is in need of help or healing. Worshipers often carry pots of

5297: 2150:, he is described as a manifestation of Mahābrahmārāja with five hair coils and a handsome face emanating purple-golden light that surpasses the light of the other devas. In 2950:

festival, in which Kartikeya is represented as a young man riding a peacock and wielding a bow and arrows. He is stated to be Kumara, that is, a bachelor as he is unmarried.

2242:, who is also referred to as Hari-Naigamesin, is depicted in early Jain texts as riding the peacock and as the leader of the divine army, both characteristics of Kartikeya. 1151:. When the devas pleaded to Shiva for his assistance, he manifested five additional heads on his body, and a divine spark emerged from each of them. Initially, the wind god 6086: 4866: 1592:: while Kumara is one of the names used to mention Kartikeya, the mythology in the earlier Vedic texts is different. In these, Agni is described as Kumara, whose mother is 6215: 989:'), Swaminatha ('ruler of gods'), Saravaṇabhava ('born amongst the reeds'), Arumukha or Shanmukha ('six faced'), Dhanadapani ('wielder of mace') and Kandha ('cloud'). 5718: 4962: 7962: 6489: 1555:, Devasena was adopted as the daughter of Indra as a result of her penance and Valli was born on the Earth. However, both were destined to marry the son of Shiva. 979:. According to Hindu literature, he is known by 108 different names, though other names also exist in common usage. Most common amongst these include Skanda (from 5170: 2353:. Kartikeya later resurrected Idumban as his devotee. The mythology behind Idumban carrying the hills on the shoulder may have influenced the practice of Kavadi. 5479: 2109:

Skanda was regarded as a philosopher in his role as Subramanhya, while Murugan was similarly regarded as the teacher of Tamil literature and poetry. In the late

1402: 5602: 5624: 5110: 4164: 1885:, and symbolizes valor, bravery and righteousness. He is sometimes depicted with other weapons, including a sword, a javelin, a mace, a discus and a bow. His 5924: 5838: 2061:, Murugan, originally regarded as a Tamil deity, underwent a process of adoption and incorporation into the pantheon of North Indian deities. In contrast, 6506: 5359: 5392: 4920: 7237: 4834: 2391:, a type of sacred ash, is spread across the body, including the piercing sites. Drumming and chanting of verses help the devotees to enter a state of 1624:(soul, self) as a means to ultimate knowledge, true peace, and liberation. The earliest clear evidence of Kartikeya's importance emerges in the Hindu 5662: 2158:(also sometimes known as Kumāra) is known as Weituo, a young heavenly general, the guardian deity of local monasteries and the protector of Buddhist 6331:

Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Containing Appendices on Sanskrit Prosody and Important Literary and Geographical Names in the Ancient History of India

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mentions a householder's rite of passage that involves prayers to Skanda (Kartikeya) and his brother Ganapati (Ganesha) together. Chapter 7 of the

5868: 4210: 4349: 5140: 985:, 'to leap or to attack'), Murugan ('handsome'), Kumara ('youthful'), Subrahmanya ('transparent'), Senthil ('victorious'), Vēlaṇ ('wielder of 6056: 4775: 2821: 1968:(which revere Shiva and Vishnu as their supreme deities, respectively). Kartikeya's theology is most developed in the Tamil texts and in the 5337: 5275: 2507:. An old Tamil saying states that wherever there is a hill, there will be a temple dedicated to Murugan. As he is venerated as the lord of 1084:, and two, that only a son of Shiva could slay him. As Shiva was a yogi and thus unlikely to bear children, Tarakasura was armed with near 2270:

is a ceremonial act of sacrifice and offering to Murugan practiced by his devotees. Its origin has been linked to a mythic anecdote about

7075: 4387: 2813: 495: 2891:. The festival is celebrated to commemorate the victory of Murugan over the asuras, and includes ritualistic practices of Kavadi Aattam. 1337:

Though Kartikeya had powers derived from Shiva, he was innocent and playful. Shiva granted him celestial weapons and the divine spear

8411: 1749:, estimated to be have been written in the second to fourth century CE, is an ancient Tamil epic dedicated to Murugan. He is called 1318:, Kartikeya represents the actual fruit of wisdom for his devotees rather than any physical fruit such as a mango or a pomegranate. 7551: 6078: 4856: 5192: 5048: 3044:

kings or the god of love. The Chalukya kings were called as "Velpularasar" in the Tamil lexicons meaning rulers of Vel country.

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Murugan, Subrahmanya, Kumara, Skanda, Saravana, Arumukha, Devasenapati, Shanmukha, Kathirvela, Guha, Swaminatha, Velayuda, Vēļ

9119: 9011: 8887: 8353: 8315: 8290: 8262: 8222: 8182: 8157: 8101: 8057: 8029: 7989: 7956: 7900: 7875: 7837: 7804: 7779: 7743: 7703: 7666: 7638: 7598: 7570: 7524: 7503: 7478: 7451: 7401: 7368: 7328: 7291: 7266: 7231: 7143: 7106: 7069: 7041: 7013: 6980: 6935: 6907: 6870: 6811: 6741: 6716: 6691: 6660: 6620: 6568: 6531: 6483: 6439: 6396: 6368: 6343: 6303: 6282: 6257: 6135: 5894: 5434: 4632: 3714: 3645: 3617: 3478: 2599: 1378:, which spread across the three worlds. Kartikeya used his vel to split the tree in half, with each half transforming into a 490: 8321: 8228: 8188: 8063: 7995: 7929: 7906: 7843: 7810: 7709: 7672: 7604: 7530: 7407: 7374: 7334: 7297: 7179: 7149: 7112: 6876: 6817: 6777: 6747: 6626: 6589: 6537: 6445: 6309: 5954: 1358:, who served as sub-commanders of his army. These nine men were borne by nine lesser clones of Shakti who appeared from her 5710: 4954: 2817: 4304: 2650:, Kartikeya is associated with childbirth and is worshipped in Kartik temples. Temples also exist in the rest of India in 1345:(Parvati). On obtaining the vel, Kartikeya was imparted with the knowledge of distinguishing between good and evil. Texts 992:

On ancient coins featuring his images, his name appears inscribed as Kumara, Brahmanya, or Brahmanyadeva. On some ancient

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Murugan is revered in regions with significant population of Tamil people and people of Tamil origin, including those in

2580: 2560: 2532: 1804:'s Commentary of the Mahavairocana Tantra clarifies that Kumara is the son of Isvara. The sixteenth-century Siamese text 578: 558: 500: 6949: 5460: 5162: 3983: 2528: 2407:. They make pilgrimage to the temples of Kartikeya on bare feet and dance along the route while bearing these burdens. 675: 9783: 5475: 782: 5594: 3236: 2825: 2603: 2090:, a confederation of warriors in North India who are mentioned by the ancient Sanskrit grammarian Pāṇini. During the 548: 10615: 2007:

Originally, Murugan was not worshipped as a god, but rather as an exalted ancestor, heroic warrior and accomplished

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and stops the flow of River Ganges, among other feats. He imprisons Brahma as he could not explain the meaning of

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oppressive asura brothers, whom Kartikeya was born to defeat. Kartikeya was assisted by nine warriors, headed by

1188:(headstream of Ganges). When the Krittikas bathe in the river, they are impregnated and give birth to Kartikeya. 5688: 5230: 1796:(T 1796) features a section for the recitation of a mantra dedicated to the deity, where he is also paired with 10721: 10432: 8986: 5367: 5333: 2726: 2511:, which is a mountainous region, most of his temples are located on hillocks. Most renowned among them are the 2171: 5984: 4912: 2905:, on the confluence of the star Uttiram. The festival marks the celebration of Murugan's marriage to Devasena. 10561: 8404: 7491:

The Rise of Mahāsena: The Transformation of Skanda-Kārttikeya in North India from the Kuṣāṇa to Gupta Empires

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A dictionary of Chinese Buddhist terms : with Sanskrit and English equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali index

6205: 5778: 4824: 2540: 1113: 800:. Archaeological evidence from the first century CE and earlier shows an association of his iconography with 7195:

Kaur, Jagdish (1979). "Bibliographical Sources for Himalayan Pilgrimages and Tourism Studies: Uttarakhand".

5541: 4992: 10610: 8872: 8839: 6683: 3057:(Castor and Pollux), given the numismatic overlap in their iconography and similar warrior-god mythologies. 2572: 475: 8276: 6356:

Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures

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In Nepal, Sithi Nakha (Kumar Shasthi) is celebrated on the sixth day of the waxing moon, according to the

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dress, likely reflecting the local dress culture of the time, with a rooster-like bird that may draw from

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from the fifth-century CE features the life and story of Kartikeya. Kartikeya forms the main theme of

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Kanthapura to Malgudi: Cultural Values and Assumptions in Selected South Indian Novelists in English

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or Kartikai of the Tamil calendar, and commemorates the victory of Murugan over the demon Surapadma.

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Murugan (Kartikeya), being known as the God of the Tamils, has many temples dedicated to him across

1616:(eighth to sixth century BCE) equates Sanat-Kumara (eternal son) and Skanda, as he teaches the sage 10466: 10124: 10048: 9754: 9536: 9511: 8925: 8566: 8397: 7867: 6585: 5132: 4829: 2722: 2690: 2663: 2659: 2651: 1073: 538: 518: 51: 9286: 6048: 4767: 3053:

Richard Mann states that Skanda-Kumara may be composite deity linked to Greek deities pair called

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which are mentioned in Sangam literature. Other major temples dedicated to Murugan are located at

10767: 10302: 10162: 9833: 9373: 9316: 8965: 8439: 8149: 7590: 7033: 4314: 2836:. Murugan temples also exist in several western countries like United States of America, Canada, 2631: 750: 543: 485: 17: 10197: 5329: 5267: 4695: 2622:, he is worshipped under the names Subrahmanya, Kumara Swamy, and Skanda, with major temples at 2395:. Devotees usually prepare for the rituals by keeping clean, doing regular prayers, following a 10787: 10782: 10645: 10598: 9808: 9531: 8960: 8935: 8882: 7094:

They Do What: A Cultural Encyclopedia of Extraordinary and Exotic Customs from Around the World

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Various Indian literary works recount different stories surrounding the birth of Kartikeya. In

804:, the Hindu god of fire, indicating that Kartikeya was a significant deity in early Hinduism. 668: 588: 568: 9097: 7946: 6646: 6469: 6109:"Hinduismus : Religionen in der Schweiz / Religions en Suissse : Universität Luzern" 5453:"Skandakumara and Kataragama: An Aspect of the Relation of Hinduism and Buddhism in Sri Lanka" 4383: 4375: 2024: 1127: 975:

fused them into one, creating the six-headed Kartikeya. Kartikeya means "of the Krittikas" in

10667: 10620: 10593: 10556: 9813: 9016: 8945: 8039: 8011: 7892: 7098: 7005: 2556: 2524: 2512: 2497: 2493: 2222: 2174:, who are a grouping of originally Hindu and Taoist deities adopted into Chinese Buddhism as 124: 10129: 6581:

Murugan's Lance: Power and Ritual. The Hindu Tamil Festival of Thaipusam in Penang, Malaysia

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that primarily venerates Kartikeya. Apart from significant Kaumaram worship and temples in

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traditions, he has two wives — Deivanai (identified with Devasena) and Valli whereas some

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Indian religious literature describes Kartikeya and Ganesha as sons of Shiva and Parvati.

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describes Skanda Kumara as a guardian deity of the land, along with Upulvan (Vishnu),

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take place during his youth, which encouraged the worship of Murugan as a child-god.

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record of this period. For example, he is found in numismatic evidence linked to the

1785: 1736: 1586:. These motifs are also found in other Vedic texts, such as in sections 6.1-3 of the 807:

The iconography of Kartikeya varies significantly. He is typically represented as an

777: 661: 40: 10172: 9222: 2717:, a guardian deity. Numerous Murugan temples exist throughout the island, including 1451:

In the northern and eastern Indian traditions, Kartikeya is generally regarded as a

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Many Heads, Arms, and Eyes: Origin, Meaning, and Form of Multiplicity in Indian Art

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Sorensen, Henrik (2011). Orzech, Charles; Sorensen, Henrik; Payne, Richard (eds.).

7630: 7495: 7350: 7320: 7208: 7204: 6899: 6793: 6388: 4700: 4690: 4679:"Practical implications of Mental Healthcare Act 2017: Suicide and suicide attempt" 2958: 2710: 2667: 2635: 2536: 2508: 2186: 2151: 1969: 1960:

union of polarities. He is considered a uniter, championing the attributes of both

1621: 1572:

to "Skanda", which can be interpreted to refer to Kartikeya. For example, the term

1512: 1185: 1036: 848: 770: 616: 533: 143: 9626: 8384: 6116: 5890: 5426: 3251: 2686: 1709: 10711: 10576: 10529: 10511: 10461: 10395: 10377: 10320: 10270: 10089: 9993: 9866: 9828: 9798: 9636: 9526: 9365: 9358: 9205: 9086: 8981: 8811: 8759: 8499: 8367: 8301: 8248: 8208: 8168: 8043: 8015: 7979: 7923: 7886: 7827: 7796: 7790: 7729: 7689: 7652: 7624: 7584: 7560: 7489: 7443: 7437: 7391: 7354: 7316:

Driven by the Divine: A Seven Year Journey with Shivalinga Swamy and Vinnuacharya

7314: 7277: 7255:

The Heart of Hinduism: The Eastern Path to Freedom, Empowerment, and Illumination

7217: 7169: 7129: 7092: 7055: 6999: 6966: 6893: 6856: 6797: 6767: 6727: 6702: 6606: 6579: 6554: 6521: 6421: 6382: 6293: 6268: 6243: 5946: 5422: 2918: 2908: 2894: 2544: 2179: 1978: 1950: 1870: 1821: 1367: 1089: 1028: 930: 828: 797: 649: 636: 626: 621: 255: 240: 230: 110: 9291: 7514: 6354: 1080:. Brahma granted him two boons: one, that none shall be his equal in all of the 1056:, preserved by the heat of the god Agni, and eventually born as baby Kartikeya. 10546: 10482: 10325: 9669: 9546: 9516: 9351: 8950: 8557: 8363: 8337: 7658: 6407: 6378: 2954: 2936: 2881: 2837: 2615: 2099: 2001: 1996: 1890: 1792:

mentions Kumara as one of the eighty gods worshipped by the common people. The

1428: 1315: 1160: 1140: 993: 953:

is linked to the circumstances surrounding the deity's birth. According to the

878: 812: 774: 235: 209: 9215: 7691:

Interpreting Devotion: The Poetry and Legacy of a Female Bhakti Saint of India

5740: 5501: 4797:

Clothey, Fred W. (1972). "Pilgrimage Centers in the Tamil Cultus of Murukan".

1386:, respectively. After Surapadma was killed, Kartikeya took the peacock as his 968: 10736: 10662: 10566: 10345: 10119: 9857: 9748: 9659: 9593: 8854: 8826: 8733: 8457: 7562:

Flipside of Hindu Symbolism: Sociological and Scientific Linkages in Hinduism

6990: 6670: 6652: 5452: 5448: 2921:

celebrates the birthday of Murugan, and occurs during the confluence of star

2860: 2797: 2376: 2267: 2206: 2091: 2031: 1833: 1816: 1789: 1680: 1552: 955: 934: 808: 447: 342: 33: 6945: 3979: 2961:. The festival is celebrated by cleaning water sources and offering a feast. 2709:, Murugan is predominantly worshipped by Tamil people as Murugan and by the 2162:. According to Henrik Sorensen, this representation became common after the 1645: 1326: 1294:. Shiva expressed his intention of dividing the fruit between his two sons, 10217: 10182: 10079: 9696: 8779: 8754: 8653: 8625: 8580: 8548: 7580: 6917: 6642: 6249: 5393:"Newar community observes Sithi Nakha festival by worshiping water sources" 5075: 4861: 4714: 3609: 3016: 2932: 2773: 2414: 2275: 2235: 2218: 2167: 2110: 2103: 2067: 2062: 1838: 1768:, a Sangam literary work from the third century CE, refers to Kartikeya as 1662: 1544: 1307: 1061: 1032: 906: 897:), other countries with significant populations of Tamil origin (including 766: 746: 611: 245: 132: 6675: 3226: 2098:, more coins featuring Kartikeya were minted. He is also found on ancient 980: 697: 10524: 10357: 10285: 10275: 10187: 10177: 10152: 9793: 9788: 9679: 9473: 9457: 9400: 9335: 9271: 8902: 8788: 8723: 8660: 8272: 7859: 6921: 6556:

The Many Faces of Murukan̲: The History and Meaning of a South Indian God

4455: 4453: 4065: 4063: 2991: 2979: 2849: 2841: 2675: 2671: 2647: 2464: 2226: 2163: 2083: 2075: 1965: 1820:

The six-headed Kartikeya with his two consorts on a peacock, painting by

1723: 1286: 1085: 1044: 1019:(seventh to fourth century BCE), he is described as the child of deities 866: 862: 47: 8303:

Celebrating Life Customs Around the World: From Baby Showers to Funerals

5625:"10,000 celebrate Masi Magam festival Sannayasi Andavar Temple in Cheng" 2255: 2229:, he is also associated with sensuality and retribution. Anthropologist 996:

coins, his name appears in Greek script as Skanda, Kumara, and Vishaka.

10422: 10390: 10335: 10192: 9901: 9738: 9711: 9493: 9266: 9041: 8816: 8769: 8482: 7425:

A Study of the Kartikeya Cult as reflected in the Epics and the Puranas

7051: 5770: 5506: 5014: 4810: 3231: 2947: 2943: 2805: 2765: 2504: 2460: 2333:

to move towards the south to restore the balance. Agasthya employed an

2299: 2239: 2210: 2175: 1375: 1256: 1223: 1192: 1101: 1069: 1040: 964: 870: 844: 836: 792: 758: 523: 452: 87: 5684: 5163:"Sri Subramanya Swamy Temple in Vijayawada, Indrakeeladri Hill Temple" 4450: 4191: 4179: 4060: 2769: 2126: 1688:

religious texts. The text contains over 81,000 verses, and is part of

1370:. Zvelebil interprets this episode as the coming of age of Kartikeya. 10541: 10330: 10280: 10253: 10202: 10167: 10157: 10109: 10008: 9976: 9818: 9773: 9447: 8806: 8594: 8477: 7695: 7258: 6972: 6733: 6210: 5222: 4159: 2885: 2873: 2833: 2801: 2781: 2761: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2706: 2642:, he is worshipped as Subrahmanya and is regarded as the lord of the 2639: 2627: 2619: 2384: 2361: 2194: 2182:, and he appears in Korean Buddhist woodblock prints and paintings. 2079: 2047: 1764: 1731:("the red one"), identified with Murugan, whose name is mentioned as 1714: 1649: 1331: 1208: 1148: 1081: 938: 914: 902: 894: 886: 874: 840: 816: 631: 419: 250: 10586: 10405: 10400: 10290: 10227: 10207: 10038: 9874: 9701: 9674: 9641: 9583: 9483: 9478: 9452: 9377: 9261: 9133: 8801: 8764: 8701: 8526: 8487: 8472: 8462: 8452: 8420: 8307: 8204: 7283: 7219:

Divinity and Diversity: A Hindu Revitalization Movement in Malaysia

7165: 6417: 6360: 5976: 5800: 4689:(Suppl 4). National library of medicine, United States: S750–S755. 3041: 2987: 2983: 2902: 2809: 2793: 2745: 2733: 2623: 2456: 2404: 2330: 2318: 2303: 2198: 2087: 1961: 1899: 1894: 1866: 1842: 1829: 1740: 1689: 1667: 1657: 1578: 1540: 1460: 1452: 1448:

mention various other brothers and sisters of Skanda or Kartikeya.

1355: 1252: 1212: 1116: 1015: 976: 926: 890: 882: 854: 832: 720: 391: 334: 310: 136: 91: 9415: 7586:

The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization

4984: 3209: 3207: 3205: 2911:

is a festival of lights celebrated on the purnima of the month of

10487: 10340: 10258: 10248: 10023: 10013: 9986: 9981: 9971: 9926: 9911: 9906: 9686: 9631: 9616: 9608: 9575: 9442: 9345: 9320: 9296: 9195: 9185: 9053: 8516: 8509: 6680:

Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts

5533: 5427:"The guardian deities of Sri Lanka: Skanda-Murgan and Kataragama" 4540: 3882: 3880: 3432: 3430: 3428: 2926: 2898: 2877: 2845: 2753: 2655: 2468: 2452: 2410: 2388: 2271: 2012: 2008: 1906:, when Kartikeya faced asura Surapadma, the latter turned into a 1862: 1849:

dated to the Kushan period shows him with one head, dressed in a

1846: 1801: 1625: 1445: 1423: 1415: 1411: 1383: 1379: 1359: 1300: 1295: 1248: 1232: 1191:

An alternate account of Kartikeya's parentage is narrated in the

1109: 1105: 1010: 972: 735: 731: 424: 381: 371: 356: 296: 282: 197: 187: 148: 114: 9281: 9137: 7393:

Encyclopaedia Of Untouchables : Ancient Medieval And Modern

6079:"Unusual sightseeing in Berlin: a Hindu temple beside a highway" 4087: 3007: 2310:). The most extreme and spectacular practice is the carrying of 1596:(goddess Dawn) and whose father is Purusha. Section 10.1 of the 1515:, he has two consorts: Devayanai (identified with Devasena) and 10519: 10497: 10310: 10263: 10222: 10104: 10094: 10033: 9941: 9884: 9879: 9733: 9420: 9256: 9242: 9227: 9127: 9048: 9036: 8706: 8609: 8605: 8494: 8467: 7057:

Portals: Opening Doorways to Other Realities Through the Senses

6895:

One God, Two Goddesses, Three Studies of South Indian Cosmology

6154: 6049:"Architectural History – Sri Mayurapathy Murugan Temple Berlin" 5457:

Proceedings of the Third International Tamil Conference Seminar

4598: 4596: 4594: 4530: 4528: 4513: 4477: 3952:. International Institute of Tamil Studies. 1969. p. 131. 3329: 3202: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 2922: 2888: 2789: 2777: 2694: 2595: 2473: 2392: 2383:

skewers. These practices are suppressed in India, where public

2350: 2346: 2260: 2159: 2131: 2040: 1886: 1854: 1797: 1701:

that has survived into the modern era exists in many versions.

1617: 1548: 1547:. In Tamil folklore, both Devasena and Valli were daughters of 1508: 1496: 1391: 1387: 1342: 1311: 1303: 1281: 1266: 1244: 1093: 1077: 1053: 922: 910: 773:

region whose cult gained immense popularity. Numerous works in

762: 204: 160: 4465: 4229: 3877: 3497: 3425: 3403: 3401: 2489: 2118:, when he was accepted as a single deity with diverse facets. 1713:

Kartikeya worshipped in a procession in the Tamil festival of

847:

who taught the pursuit of an ethical life and the theology of

10415: 10410: 10114: 10084: 10018: 9998: 9936: 9916: 9889: 9728: 9430: 9330: 9276: 9232: 9210: 8531: 8447: 4211:"The Vehicle Lord Murugan rides is a peacock called Paravani" 4111: 4010: 3678: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 2702: 2643: 2444: 2334: 2322: 2139: 1907: 1881:, granted to him by Parvati. The vel signifies his power, or 1858: 1850: 1685: 1593: 1569: 1516: 1407: 1291: 1204: 1181: 1097: 1066: 1049: 1020: 960: 820: 754: 727: 396: 366: 314: 276: 7626:

The Goddess in India: The Five Faces of the Eternal Feminine

6923:

The origin of the young god : Kālidāsa's Kumārasaṃbhava

6648:

The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths

4591: 4525: 4489: 4320: 3817: 3152: 1290:(fruit of knowledge). This fruit is generally regarded as a 1131:

Six-headed Kartikeya seated on a peacock, twelfth century CE

963:, forming six separate baby boys. These boys were raised by 39:"Murugan" redirects here. For the people with the name, see 10456: 10385: 10367: 10315: 10099: 10043: 10003: 9963: 9946: 9931: 9896: 9325: 9237: 8389: 6006: 5298:"Himalaya's hidden gem: Pilgrimage to Karthik Swami temple" 4581: 4579: 4376:"Devotion as Social Identity: The Story of the Tamil Deity" 3998: 3398: 2796:, countries with significant Indian migrants including the 2757: 2448: 1273:, the devas and gods gift him various objects and animals. 1200: 1152: 1120: 1024: 898: 801: 692: 152: 4022: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3521: 3388: 3386: 3373: 3371: 3292: 3290: 3133: 2990:) as his wife. He is also considered celibate in parts of 2869:

A number of festivals relating to Kartikeya are observed:

9129: 6729:

Material Culture and Asian Religions: Text, Image, Object

6123: 5250: 5248: 4881: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4414: 4402: 3358: 3356: 3180: 3178: 3176: 1878: 1794:

Arya Kanikrodhavajrakumarabodhisattava Sadhanavidhi Sutra

1583: 1338: 1261: 1228: 1207:. It is narrated that Agni goes to meet the wives of the 1088:. In his quest to rule the three worlds, he expelled the 986: 824: 414: 175: 8342:

The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India

6142: 4736: 4576: 4438: 4292: 3904: 3829: 3781: 3769: 3757: 3745: 3733: 3666: 3454: 3413: 3319: 3317: 2630:, Skandagiri, Mallam, and Indrakeeladri, Vijayawada. In 1284:

once visited Shiva at Kailasha and presented him with a

9190: 5071:"Sri Subrahmanyaswamy Temple, Skandagiri, Secunderabad" 4564: 4552: 4258: 4256: 4241: 4135: 4123: 4099: 4075: 3892: 3721: 3586: 3545: 3383: 3368: 3302: 3287: 3275: 2321:, the abode of Shiva, which resulted in the tilting of 1269:, Kartikeya teaches it to his father. According to the 8210:

Shiva: Stories and Teachings from the Shiva Mahapurana

6029: 5459:. Paris: International Association of Tamil Research. 5245: 4935: 4726: 4724: 4651: 4280: 4268: 3702: 3690: 3574: 3533: 3509: 3485: 3353: 3173: 3123: 3121: 3108: 3106: 3093: 3091: 1913: 726:. He is generally described as the son of the deities 4893: 4748: 4608: 4426: 3928: 3865: 3654: 3562: 3442: 3314: 3076: 2978:

Kartikeya's marital status varies across regions. In

4253: 3853: 3841: 1507:

considers her as the daughter of Indra and his wife

9391: 7888:

Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia

6799:

Buddhism Transformed: Religious Change in Sri Lanka

6792: 4721: 4639: 4620: 4501: 4069: 3960: 3916: 3805: 3341: 3263: 3118: 3103: 3088: 1893:, known as Paravani. While he was depicted with an 1243:, Kartikeya is portrayed as a child playing in the 8017:On the Cusp of an Era: Art in the Pre-Kuṣāṇa World 7462: 3793: 3190: 1853:(a cloth wrapped at the waist, covering the legs) 1247:. In his childhood, he fiddles with the orbits of 7755:Origin on the Tamil Vellalas (T.A.- Vol. 1 Pt.10) 5526: 3466: 3040:, Vel means either the slayer of Tarakasura, the 10734: 7312: 6965:Hodous, Lewis; Soothill, William Edward (2004). 6405: 6174:"Vaikasi Visakam 2023: Date, Time, Significance" 4016: 3213: 2986:scriptures only mention Devasena (also known as 2278:through the bearing of a physical burden called 2066:northern and western Hindu kingdoms, and of the 1865:on his left. Artworks from Gandhara show him in 1697:likely existed by the sixth century CE, but the 32:"Muruga" redirects here. For the 2007 film, see 8166: 7977: 6160: 4677:Vadlamani, Laxmi Naresh; Gowda, Mahesh (2019). 4483: 4235: 3436: 7978:Spagnoli, Cathy; Samanna, Paramasivam (1999). 7948:Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia 6964: 6508:The Cult of Skanda-Kārttikeya in Ancient India 4676: 4546: 1743:is often identified as the mother of Murugan. 9113: 8405: 7768:The Lord of Vengadam A Historical Perspective 7731:Indian Sociology Through Ghurye, a Dictionary 7465:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z 7279:Culture and Customs of Singapore and Malaysia 6851: 6416: 5711:"Hindu temple headed for banks of Deep River" 5431:The Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies 4602: 3503: 2594:Places of worship dedicated to Subramanya in 2102:coins, where his various names are minted in 1811: 1644:Mentions of Skanda are found in the works of 944: 865:, he is worshipped as Mahasena and Kumara in 741:Kartikeya has been an important deity in the 669: 8081:New Dimensions in the Study of Tamil Culture 6460: 6134:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRamaswamy2017 ( 5421: 4495: 2189:, Skanda has been an important deity in the 1495:). Devasena is described as the daughter of 1440:state that Ganesha is the elder of the two. 1135:According to the seventeeth-century CE text 1112:who sought him as her consort. Indra tasked 129:Ezham Padai Veedu (Seventh Abode of Murugan) 8078: 7829:The Encyclopedia of the Sri Lankan Diaspora 7313:Kozlowski, Frances; Jackson, Chris (2013). 6725: 6605:Cutler, Norman (2008). Flood, Gavin (ed.). 5865:Official visitor website for Leicestershire 4799:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 4696:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_116_19 4471: 4028: 3713:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPattnaik2000 ( 3260:, pp. 1, 22–25, 35–39, 49–58, 214–216. 2424: 2329:where the gathered stood. Shiva asked sage 2283: 1936:who are the means and the existence itself, 1524: 1480: 1464: 1165: 9120: 9106: 8412: 8398: 8038: 8010: 7460: 6504: 5133:"Sri Subramanyeswara Swamy Temple, Mallam" 4857:"Kundru Irukkum Idamellam Kumaran Iruppan" 4310: 4197: 4117: 3684: 3672: 3167: 2166:, and became well established in the late 1330:A painting depicting Kartikeya facing off 753:deity of Murugan was syncretized with the 676: 662: 80: 7788: 7765: 7647: 7619: 7545: 7128:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2006). 7127: 6891: 6726:Fleming, Benjamin; Mann, Richard (2014). 6519: 6129: 5655:"Home Page of Sri Thendayuthapani Temple" 5387: 5385: 5254: 4887: 4704: 4694: 4326: 3727: 3592: 3556: 3392: 3377: 3184: 1934:who are the seed of life and life itself, 1406:An eighteenth-century Painting depicting 1265:. When Shiva asks for the meaning of the 8362: 8336: 8299: 8243: 8203: 7981:Jasmine and Coconuts: South Indian Tales 7944: 7687: 7552:International Institute of Tamil Studies 7422: 7164: 6841:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 6833:Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). 6769:Indian Acculturation: Agastya and Skanda 6428:Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 6291: 6148: 4742: 4534: 4373: 4338: 4247: 4141: 4004: 3898: 3708: 3580: 3539: 3407: 3362: 3146: 3082: 2859: 2685: 2488: 2355: 2337:named Idumban to carry two hills called 2254: 2125: 2094:, that included rule over the northwest 1986:(divinity in nature, in everything), as 1815: 1708: 1401: 1325: 1222: 1126: 815:(named Paravani), and sometimes with an 8369:Tamil Traditions on Subrahmaṇya-Murugan 8141: 7579: 7558: 7349: 6916: 6669: 6577: 6552: 5831:"Leicester Shri Murugan (Hindu) Temple" 5463:from the original on 25 September 2010. 5447: 5437:from the original on 26 September 2010. 5041:"Sri Subrahmanya Devalayam, Skandagiri" 4796: 4631:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLong1992 ( 4570: 4558: 4444: 4298: 4286: 4274: 4262: 4213:. Gandhi Luthuli Documentation Center. 3910: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3787: 3775: 3763: 3751: 3739: 3696: 3660: 3568: 3527: 3515: 3491: 3460: 3448: 3419: 3335: 3323: 3257: 1994:(concrete manifestation of the sacred, 1563: 14: 10735: 8271: 8123: 8110: 8087: 7925:Kartikeya in Indian art and literature 7858: 7825: 7752: 7724: 7512: 7090: 6997: 6762: 6604: 6377: 6352: 6035: 5595:"Ipoh Kallumalai Murugan Temple, Ipoh" 5382: 4941: 4778:from the original on 30 September 2023 4664: 4519: 4432: 4420: 4408: 4217:from the original on 24 September 2023 3956:from the original on 13 November 2017. 3934: 3886: 3871: 3859: 3296: 3112: 2172:twenty-four celestial guardian deities 1930:who are the fragrance and the blossom, 1877:He wields a divine spear known as the 1639: 1199:, where he is described as the son of 1104:, and hardly noticed the courtship of 1052:. The semen was then incubated in the 125:Arupadai veedu (Six Abodes of Murugan) 9101: 8393: 8191:from the original on 14 December 2022 8130:Jainism: Or, The Early Faith of Aṣoka 7921: 7389: 7275: 7252: 6879:from the original on 11 November 2023 6832: 6780:from the original on 26 December 2023 6700: 6641: 6266: 6241: 6186:from the original on 13 February 2024 6089:from the original on 29 November 2022 5635:from the original on 2 September 2018 5605:from the original on 2 September 2018 5575:from the original on 2 September 2018 4899: 4754: 4614: 4167:from the original on 26 November 2023 3966: 3477:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAthyal ( 3347: 3269: 3127: 3097: 3015:– Translated by Ralph T.H. Griffith, 2317:Once all sages and gods assembled in 1928:you who are both being and non-being, 1926:You who has form and who is formless, 1727:from the second century BCE mentions 1023:and Parvati, with his birth aided by 765:people" and is hailed as the lord of 8066:from the original on 20 January 2023 7487: 7215: 7194: 7152:from the original on 20 October 2022 7050: 7022: 6471:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 6324: 5544:from the original on 27 October 2018 5310:from the original on 8 December 2018 5173:from the original on 19 January 2022 4913:"Famous 24 Subramanya Swamy temples" 4645: 4626: 4585: 4507: 4459: 4390:from the original on 18 October 2023 4374:Chandran, Subramaniam (3 May 2016). 4185: 4129: 4105: 4093: 4081: 4040: 3986:from the original on 7 November 2017 3922: 3811: 3799: 3308: 3281: 3239:from the original on 3 December 2018 3196: 2965: 2701:Kartikeya is worshipped as Kumar in 2439:) is a sacred sweet mixture made of 2360:Ritual piercing with vel skewers in 2325:due to an increase in weight on the 2221:and Sinhalese Buddhists. While many 2170:. He is also regarded as one of the 1568:There are references in the ancient 1479:; as her husband was 'Devasenapati' 761:. He is regarded as the "God of the 10717: 8231:from the original on 21 August 2024 7998:from the original on 21 August 2024 7932:from the original on 21 August 2024 7909:from the original on 21 August 2024 7884: 7846:from the original on 20 August 2024 7813:from the original on 21 August 2024 7792:Historical Dictionary of the Tamils 7712:from the original on 20 August 2024 7675:from the original on 21 August 2024 7533:from the original on 20 August 2024 7435: 7377:from the original on 21 August 2024 7337:from the original on 21 August 2024 7300:from the original on 21 August 2024 7182:from the original on 21 August 2024 7115:from the original on 21 August 2024 6820:from the original on 20 August 2024 6750:from the original on 21 August 2024 6608:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism 6592:from the original on 21 August 2024 6540:from the original on 20 August 2024 6448:from the original on 21 August 2024 6017:from the original on 15 August 2018 5987:from the original on 16 August 2018 5957:from the original on 16 August 2018 5927:from the original on 16 August 2018 5897:from the original on 16 August 2018 5871:from the original on 17 August 2018 5841:from the original on 16 August 2018 5751:from the original on 22 August 2018 5514:from the original on 15 August 2018 5482:from the original on 15 August 2018 5278:from the original on 15 August 2018 5233:from the original on 15 August 2018 5143:from the original on 15 August 2018 5113:from the original on 15 August 2018 5083:from the original on 15 August 2018 5021:from the original on 22 August 2018 4995:from the original on 15 August 2018 4985:"Sir Subrahmanyeswara Swamy Temple" 4965:from the original on 17 August 2018 4730: 4355:from the original on 11 August 2017 4348:. McMaster University. p. 96. 2417:at temples dedicated to Kartikeya. 2367:Worshipers also practice a form of 1914:Theology and historical development 1704: 24: 8324:from the original on 6 August 2023 7439:Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature 6629:from the original on 29 March 2024 6423:Temples of India Myths and Legends 6059:from the original on 9 August 2022 5811:from the original on 9 August 2018 5781:from the original on 9 August 2018 5721:from the original on 3 August 2020 5691:from the original on 14 April 2008 5476:"Tallest statue of deity unveiled" 5433:. The institute of Asian studies. 5415: 5051:from the original on 6 August 2018 4805:(1). Oxford University Press: 82. 4462:, pp. 101-105 with footnotes. 4188:, pp. 123-126 with footnotes. 3949:Journal of Tamil Studies, Volume 1 3472: 2379:their skin, tongue or cheeks with 2121: 1954:(Translator: Kamil Zvelebil), 1321: 929:), and countries with significant 749:. It has been postulated that the 25: 10804: 8378: 7410:from the original on 30 June 2023 7276:Koh, Jaime; Ho, Lee-Ling (2009). 7240:from the original on 16 July 2024 7078:from the original on 16 July 2024 7029:The Thirteen Principal Upanishads 6578:Collins, Marie Elizabeth (1991). 6270:South Indian Shrines: Illustrated 6007:"New Zealand Thirumurugan Temple" 5562: 5403:from the original on 9 March 2024 5340:from the original on 6 April 2023 4837:from the original on 26 July 2023 2935:falls variously on the months of 1932:who are the jewel and its lustre, 1808:mentions him as a guardian god. 1551:in the previous birth. When they 959:, six divine sparks emerged from 10716: 10706: 10697: 10696: 10685: 9390: 9136: 9128: 9081: 9072: 9071: 8547: 7965:from the original on 3 June 2024 7607:from the original on 4 June 2024 7171:Works of Kalidasa:Kumarasambhava 6952:from the original on 3 June 2024 6796:; Obeyesekere, Gananath (1988). 6492:from the original on 3 June 2024 6406:Balasubrahmanyam, S. R. (1966). 6312:from the original on 3 June 2024 6218:from the original on 3 June 2024 6198: 6166: 6101: 6071: 6041: 5999: 5969: 5939: 5909: 5883: 5853: 5823: 5793: 5763: 5733: 5703: 5677: 5665:from the original on 6 July 2015 5647: 5617: 5587: 5556: 5494: 5473: 5467: 5441: 5352: 5322: 5290: 5260: 5215: 5185: 5155: 5125: 5103:"Mallamu Subramanyaswamy temple" 5095: 5063: 5033: 5007: 4977: 4947: 4923:from the original on 18 May 2024 4905: 4869:from the original on 4 June 2024 4849: 4817: 4790: 4760: 4670: 3047: 2901:(full moon day) of the month of 2804:. Sri Subramanyar Temple at the 2681: 2217:, is a popular deity among both 2039: 2023: 1341:, an embodiment of the power of 780:are devoted to Murugan, such as 341: 10686: 8145:Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide 8111:Tagare, Ganesh Vasudeo (2007). 8088:Tagare, Ganesh Vasudeo (1996). 7513:Mathew, Biju (September 2017). 6505:Chatterjee, Asim Kumar (1970). 6234: 5835:Registered charities in England 4367: 4332: 4203: 4147: 4070:Gombrich & Obeyesekere 1988 4034: 3972: 3940: 3626: 3598: 3219: 3030: 3021: 2997: 1940:and bestow your grace, O Guha 1762:with the slayer of Tarakasura. 1666:(third to second century BCE). 10611:Relations with other religions 8372:. Institute for Asian Studies. 8167:Vadivella Belle, Carl (2018). 7519:. Info Kerala Communications. 7209:10.1080/02508281.1979.11014968 6267:Aiyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1982). 5334:Government of Himachal Pradesh 4955:"Sree Subramanya Swamy Temple" 4047:Digital Dictionary of Buddhism 2972: 2727:Maviddapuram Kandaswamy Temple 2193:pantheon in countries such as 1972:tradition. He is described as 1938:who are the supreme guru, come 1636:, where his story is recited. 1184:of Shiva and deposits them in 1076:to propitiate the creator god 757:deity of Skanda following the 13: 1: 8079:Subramanian, A., ed. (1978). 7753:Pillai, V. J. Thamby (2004). 7516:Pilgrimage to Temple Heritage 7461:Lochtefeld, James G. (2002). 6998:Howard, Angela Falco (2006). 6858:Elements of Hindu iconography 6384:The World of the Skandapurāṇa 6115:. 2 June 2009. Archived from 3064: 2884:of Thai on the confluence of 2178:. Skanda was also adopted by 1558: 1218: 831:and credited with destroying 8419: 6684:State University of New York 6412:. New Asia Publishing House. 5360:"Kelang or Kartikeya Temple" 4825:"Tonsuring and ear piercing" 4768:"Tonsure ritual in Hinduism" 4683:Indian Journal of Psychiatry 4200:, pp. 333–336, 515–516. 4096:, pp. 113–114, 122–126. 3214:Kozlowski & Jackson 2013 3069: 2855: 2818:Nattukkottai Chettiar Temple 2250: 769:, the tutelary deity of the 167:Vetrivel Muruganukku Arogara 27:Hindu god of victory and war 7: 8385:Muruga in Sangam literature 8300:Williams, Victoria (2016). 8250:Glimpses of Indian Heritage 8175:ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute 7548:Tolkappiyam and Ashtadhyayi 7197:Tourism Recreation Research 6676: 6420:(2016). S., Manjula (ed.). 6353:Athyal, Jesudas M. (2015). 6161:Spagnoli & Samanna 1999 5563:A, Jeyaraj (16 July 2016). 5015:"Sri Subrahmanya Devalayam" 2832:is a major Hindu temple in 2213:. In Sri Lanka, Skanda, as 1976:(abstract neuter divinity, 1779: 1606:(six faced one), while the 1576:appears in hymn 5.2 of the 1539:; as she was brought up by 981: 873:. He is also worshipped in 819:on his banner. He wields a 698: 10: 10809: 7789:Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). 7759:Asian Educational Services 7559:Narayan, M. K. V. (2007). 7471:The Rosen Publishing Group 7224:University of Hawaii Press 6476:Princeton University Press 6275:Asian Educational Services 6011:New Zealand Murugan Temple 5977:"Kundrathu Kumaran Temple" 5659:Sri Thendayuthapani Temple 5193:"Kukke Subrahmanya Temple" 4547:Hodous & Soothill 2004 4339:Hoole R., Charles (1993). 2830:Sri Thendayuthapani Temple 2814:Balathandayuthapani Temple 2515:, a set of six temples at 2479: 2369:mortification of the flesh 2274:. It symbolizes a form of 2245: 2138:Above: Skanda's statue in 2130:Skanda Bodhisattva is the 1990:(masculine deity), and as 1889:or mount is depicted as a 1812:Iconography and depictions 1490:Commander of army of Devas 1459:, Kartikeya is married to 1251:, stacks the mountains in 999: 945:Etymology and nomenclature 931:Indian migrant populations 45: 38: 31: 10683: 10510: 10475: 10301: 10236: 10143: 10070: 10063: 9962: 9865: 9856: 9764: 9650: 9607: 9574: 9492: 9466: 9438: 9429: 9408: 9399: 9388: 9307: 9176: 9167: 9146: 9067: 9029: 8974: 8901: 8863: 8825: 8787: 8778: 8748:Festivals and observances 8747: 8684: 8604: 8588:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta 8556: 8545: 8438: 8427: 7766:Ramanujan, S. R. (2014). 7488:Mann, Richard D. (2011). 7396:. Gyan Publishing House. 6794:Gombrich, Richard Francis 6553:Clothey, Fred W. (1978). 6520:Civaraman, Akila (2006). 6292:Alphonse, Xavier (1997). 5805:London Sri Murugan Temple 5715:The Chatham News + Record 5223:"Kukke Subramanya Temple" 5045:Sri Subrahmanya Devalayam 4865:(in Tamil). 10 May 2024. 2697:is dedicated to Kartikeya 1902:cannon. According to the 1861:in his right hand with a 1397: 1039:of the third-century BCE 303: 292: 269: 264: 223: 215: 203: 193: 181: 171: 159: 142: 120: 106: 98: 79: 70: 65: 56:Karthika (disambiguation) 46:For the given names, see 9755:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 9007:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar 8567:Shvetashvatara Upanishad 8090:Studies in Skanda Purāṇa 7868:Otto Harrassowitz Verlag 7688:Pechilis, Karen (2013). 7654:7 Secrets of the Goddess 7423:Kurukkal, K. K. (1961). 7216:Kent, Alexandra (2005). 7131:Encyclopedia of Hinduism 6586:University of California 5801:"The London Sri Murugan" 5741:"Explanation of Deities" 4830:Government of Tamil Nadu 4496:Buswell & Lopez 2013 4041:Chia, Siang Kim (2016). 3889:, pp. 114, 229–238. 3606:Gaṇeśapurāṇa Krīḍākhaṇḍa 3338:, pp. 49–51, 54–55. 2957:, in the lunar month of 2723:Nallur Kandaswamy temple 2691:Nallur Kandaswamy temple 2484: 2345:(Mountains of Shiva and 1648:(fifth century BCE), in 1418:and six-headed Kartikeya 1004: 519:Nallur Kandaswamy temple 9834:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam 8150:Oxford University Press 8142:Trainor, Kevin (2001). 7984:. Libraries Unlimited. 7922:Sinha, Kanchan (1979). 7885:Roy, Christian (2005). 7591:Oxford University Press 7253:Knapp, Stephen (2005). 7034:Oxford University Press 6892:Handelman, Don (2013). 6764:Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv 6701:Leong, Gregory (1992). 6418:Bhoothalingam, Mathuram 5917:"Sydeny Murugan Temple" 5771:"High Gate Hill Temple" 5565:"Hindu Temples In Ipoh" 4522:, p. 373, 380–381. 4472:Fleming & Mann 2014 4155:"Vanquishing the demon" 1390:and the rooster as his 1143:rendition of the older 811:man, riding or near an 86:Statue of Kartikeya at 9809:Eighteen Greater Texts 8888:Tiruvanaikaval (Water) 7826:Reeves, Peter (2014). 7565:. Fultus Corporation. 7546:Meenakshi, K. (1997). 6836:India through the ages 6709:University of Michigan 6513:University of Michigan 6409:Early Chola Art Part 1 5775:High Gate Hill Murugan 5685:"Shiva Murugan Temple" 3227:"Skanda | Hindu deity" 2866: 2698: 2500: 2387:is prohibited by law. 2364: 2264: 2143: 1943: 1841:era. Artwork found in 1825: 1754:ancient Tamil lexicon 1735:("the youth"). Extant 1718: 1684:, a genre of eighteen 1608:Baudhayana Dharmasutra 1419: 1334: 1236: 1132: 843:. He is regarded as a 72:God of Victory and War 10562:Hindu gurus and sants 9814:Eighteen Lesser Texts 8883:Tiruvannamalai (Fire) 8170:Thaipusam in Malaysia 8135:Trubner & Company 7928:. Sundeep Prakashan. 7893:Bloomsbury Publishing 7099:Bloomsbury Publishing 7091:Javier, A.G. (2014). 7006:Yale University Press 6704:Festivals of Malaysia 6613:John Wiley & Sons 6242:Abram, David (2003). 5921:Sydney Murugal Temple 5891:"Lord Murugan Temple" 4017:Balasubrahmanyam 1966 3826:, pp. 49, 54–55. 2876:is celebrated on the 2863: 2689: 2513:Six Abodes of Murugan 2498:Six Abodes of Murugan 2494:Palani Murugan Temple 2492: 2359: 2258: 2129: 1918: 1819: 1790:Mahaparinirvana Sutra 1772:("red spear") and as 1712: 1405: 1329: 1227:Kartikeya wielding a 1226: 1130: 917:countries (including 329:Part of the series on 74:Commander of the Gods 10552:Anti-Hindu sentiment 8865:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam 8278:Puranic Encyclopedia 8215:Simon & Schuster 7772:Partridge Publishing 7429:University of Ceylon 7361:Penguin Random House 7062:Taylor & Francis 6853:Gopinatha Rao, T. A. 6326:Apte, Vaman Shivaram 6214:. 27 December 2012. 6206:"The fall of demons" 6119:on 15 February 2015. 6083:Secretcitytravel.com 5951:Perth Murugan Temple 5947:"Perth Bala Murugan" 5861:"Sri Murugan Temple" 4484:Vadivella Belle 2018 4236:Vadivella Belle 2018 3612:. 2008. p. ix. 3437:Vadivella Belle 2018 3008:Hymn 5.2, Wikisource 2822:Marathandavar Temple 2784:countries including 2231:Gananath Obeyesekere 2223:Sri Lankan Buddhists 1758:identifies the name 1620:to discover his own 1564:Vedic text and epics 443:Kanda Shasti Kavasam 437:Texts and scriptures 10658:Hinduism by country 9824:Iraiyanar Akapporul 9784:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 8893:Kanchipuram (Earth) 8878:Tirukalahasti (Air) 8873:Chidambaram (Ether) 8574:Shivarahasya Purana 8283:Motilal Banarsidass 8117:Motilal Banarsidass 8094:Motilal Banarsidass 7436:Lal, Mohan (1992). 7390:Kumar, Raj (2008). 7356:Hinduism and Nature 7136:Infobase Publishing 6928:Motilal Banarsidass 6863:Motilal Banarsidass 6845:Government of India 6804:Motilal Banarsidass 6432:Government of India 6336:Motilal Banarsidass 6053:Mayurapathy Murugan 5303:The Hindustan Times 5167:Vijayawadaonline.in 4163:. 5 December 2005. 4132:, pp. 124–126. 4120:, pp. 333–335. 4108:, pp. 122–126. 4084:, pp. 111–114. 4007:, pp. 125–127. 3638:Motilal Banarsidass 3530:, pp. 86, 118. 3311:, pp. 123–124. 3284:, pp. 104–106. 3170:, pp. 655–656. 3149:, pp. 113–114. 2786:Trinidad and Tobago 2598:include temples at 2116:Vijayanagara period 2096:Indian subcontinent 2050:featuring Kartikeya 2034:, second century CE 1746:Tirumurukarruppatai 1721:Ancient Tamil text 1640:Sanskrit literature 1613:Chandogya Upanishad 1599:Taittiriya Aranyaka 1589:Shatapatha Brahmana 1457:Sanskrit literature 1235:, eighth century CE 919:Trinidad and Tobago 817:emblem of a rooster 783:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai 743:Indian subcontinent 734:and the brother of 458:Tirumurukarruppatai 10778:Sri Lankan deities 8992:Kailash Mansarovar 8697:Pashupata Shaivism 8675:Hara Hara Mahadeva 7951:. BRILL Academic. 7726:Pillai, S. Devadas 7649:Pattanaik, Devdutt 7621:Pattanaik, Devdutt 7176:Harvard University 6179:The Times of India 5534:"Tour Information" 5425:(September 1999). 5370:on 24 October 2021 5268:"Kartikeya Temple" 4603:Bhoothalingam 2016 4588:, p. 170-174. 4537:, p. 124-125. 4474:, p. 234–246. 4423:, p. 159-160. 4411:, p. 152-167. 4329:, p. 152-153. 4072:, p. 176-180. 3687:, p. 185-186. 3504:Bhoothalingam 2016 3410:, p. 120-135. 2867: 2699: 2501: 2365: 2265: 2191:Theravada Buddhist 2144: 1826: 1719: 1420: 1335: 1237: 1133: 1108:, the daughter of 859:Hindu denomination 165:Om Saravana Bhava 10748:Children of Shiva 10730: 10729: 10506: 10505: 10059: 10058: 9852: 9851: 9766:Sangam literature 9722:Yājñavalkya Smṛti 9570: 9569: 9386: 9385: 9095: 9094: 9025: 9024: 8355:978-9-004-03591-1 8317:978-1-440-83659-6 8292:978-8-12080-597-2 8264:978-8-171-54758-6 8255:Popular Prakashan 8224:978-1-62055-249-0 8184:978-9-814-78666-9 8159:978-0-195-21849-7 8113:The Skanda-Purana 8103:978-8-120-81260-4 8059:978-9-004-10758-8 8040:Srinivasan, Doris 8031:978-9-004-15451-3 8012:Srinivasan, Doris 7991:978-1-563-08576-5 7958:978-9-004-18491-6 7902:978-1-8510-9689-3 7877:978-3-447-02522-5 7839:978-9-814-26083-1 7832:. Didier Millet. 7806:978-0-810-86445-0 7781:978-1-48283-463-5 7745:978-81-7154-807-1 7736:Popular Prakashan 7705:978-1-136-50704-5 7668:978-9-384-03058-2 7640:978-0-892-81807-5 7600:978-0-190-22691-6 7572:978-1-596-82117-0 7526:978-8-192-12844-3 7505:978-9-004-21886-4 7480:978-0-823-93180-4 7453:978-8-12601-221-3 7403:978-81-7835-664-8 7370:978-9-387-32654-5 7351:Krishna, Nanditha 7330:978-1-4525-7892-7 7293:978-0-3133-5116-7 7268:978-0-5953-5075-9 7233:978-8-791-11489-2 7145:978-0-816-07564-5 7108:979-8-216-15549-2 7071:978-1-000-18987-2 7043:978-0-19563-743-4 7015:978-0-300-10065-5 7001:Chinese Sculpture 6982:978-1-13579-122-3 6937:978-8-120-80754-9 6909:978-9-004-25739-9 6872:978-81-208-0878-2 6813:978-8-120-80702-0 6774:Popular Prakashan 6743:978-1-135-01373-8 6718:978-9-679-78388-9 6693:978-0-791-41382-1 6662:978-0-14-341517-6 6622:978-0-470-99868-7 6570:978-90-279-7632-1 6561:Walter de Gruyter 6533:978-8-179-50397-3 6485:978-1-400-84805-8 6441:978-8-123-01661-0 6398:978-9-004-27714-4 6370:978-1-610-69250-2 6345:978-8-120-80045-8 6305:978-8-1755-1030-2 6284:978-0-470-82958-5 6259:978-1-843-53103-6 6113:Religionenschweiz 4615:Koh & Ho 2009 4549:, p. 12, 23. 4447:, pp. 45–46. 4301:, pp. 10–14. 3913:, pp. 59–83. 3838:, pp. 49–53. 3790:, pp. 49–50. 3778:, pp. 50–51. 3766:, pp. 48–51. 3754:, pp. 46–51. 3742:, pp. 49–51. 3647:978-9-390-06439-7 3619:978-3-447-05472-0 3463:, pp. 55–56. 3422:, pp. 51–52. 2966:Explanatory notes 2719:Kataragama temple 2715:Kataragama deviyo 2517:Thiruparankundram 2238:, the Jain deity 2215:Kataragama deviyo 2148:Mahayana Buddhism 2136:Mahayana Buddhism 1786:Mahayana Buddhism 1776:("great spear"). 1737:Sangam literature 1410:with his consort 1231:, sculpture from 778:Sangam literature 703:), also known as 686: 685: 539:Kalugasalamoorthy 496:Thiruparankundram 470:Six sacred abodes 324: 323: 41:Murugan (surname) 16:(Redirected from 10800: 10720: 10719: 10710: 10700: 10699: 10689: 10688: 10599:Pilgrimage sites 10353:Ganesh Chaturthi 10068: 10067: 9863: 9862: 9844:Vedarthasamgraha 9839:Vinayagar Agaval 9804:Five Great Epics 9779:Divya Prabandham 9692:Minor Upanishads 9436: 9435: 9406: 9405: 9394: 9393: 9174: 9173: 9140: 9132: 9122: 9115: 9108: 9099: 9098: 9085: 9075: 9074: 8785: 8784: 8729:Siddha Siddhanta 8692:Shaiva Siddhanta 8619:Om Namah Shivaya 8551: 8414: 8407: 8400: 8391: 8390: 8373: 8359: 8346:Brill Publishers 8333: 8331: 8329: 8296: 8268: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8163: 8138: 8120: 8107: 8084: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8035: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7941: 7939: 7937: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7881: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7785: 7762: 7749: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7644: 7631:Inner Traditions 7616: 7614: 7612: 7576: 7555: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7509: 7496:Brill Publishers 7484: 7468: 7457: 7432: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7321:Author Solutions 7309: 7307: 7305: 7272: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7212: 7191: 7189: 7187: 7161: 7159: 7157: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7047: 7019: 6994: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6913: 6900:Brill Publishers 6888: 6886: 6884: 6848: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6722: 6697: 6679: 6666: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6574: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6526:. Giri Trading. 6516: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6413: 6402: 6374: 6349: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6288: 6263: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6170: 6164: 6158: 6152: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6127: 6121: 6120: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5913: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5767: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5419: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5389: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5366:. Archived from 5356: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5330:"Kullu Dussehra" 5326: 5320: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5306:. 1 April 2017. 5294: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5203:on 28 April 2010 5199:. Archived from 5189: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5099: 5093: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4989:Mopi Devi Temple 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4891: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4734: 4728: 4719: 4718: 4708: 4698: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4624: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4589: 4583: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4469: 4463: 4457: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4354: 4347: 4336: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4226: 4224: 4222: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4038: 4032: 4029:Subramanian 1978 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3944: 3938: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3506:, p. 48-52. 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3396: 3390: 3381: 3375: 3366: 3360: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3299:, p. 60-62. 3294: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3171: 3165: 3150: 3144: 3131: 3125: 3116: 3110: 3101: 3095: 3086: 3080: 3058: 3051: 3045: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3019: 3001: 2995: 2976: 2925:in the month of 2826:Kandaswamy Kovil 2668:Himachal Pradesh 2636:Ghati Subramanya 2632:Kukke Subramanya 2537:Pazhamudircholai 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2403:while remaining 2306:as an offering ( 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2225:regard him as a 2187:Richard Gombrich 2152:Chinese Buddhism 2043: 2027: 1970:Shaiva Siddhanta 1955: 1947:Kantaranuputi 51 1705:Tamil literature 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1513:Tamil literature 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1426:puranas such as 1186:Bhagirathi River 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1119:and his consort 1037:Anushasana Parva 984: 849:Shaiva Siddhanta 701: 678: 671: 664: 617:Karthikai Deepam 544:Kukke Subramanya 534:Ghati Subramanya 481:Pazhamudircholai 345: 326: 325: 84: 63: 62: 21: 10808: 10807: 10803: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10798: 10797: 10733: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10693: 10679: 10502: 10471: 10462:Vasant Panchami 10396:Pahela Baishakh 10378:Makar Sankranti 10297: 10232: 10139: 10055: 9958: 9848: 9829:Abhirami Antati 9799:Kamba Ramayanam 9760: 9646: 9603: 9566: 9488: 9462: 9425: 9395: 9382: 9366:Vishishtadvaita 9303: 9163: 9142: 9126: 9096: 9091: 9063: 9021: 9017:Vadakkum Nathan 8970: 8897: 8859: 8821: 8812:Madhyamaheshwar 8774: 8760:Maha Shivaratri 8743: 8680: 8633:Mahāmrityunjaya 8600: 8552: 8543: 8500:Ardhanarishvara 8434: 8423: 8418: 8381: 8376: 8364:Zvelebil, Kamil 8356: 8338:Zvelebil, Kamil 8327: 8325: 8318: 8293: 8265: 8245:Varadara, Raman 8234: 8232: 8225: 8194: 8192: 8185: 8160: 8104: 8069: 8067: 8060: 8032: 8001: 7999: 7992: 7968: 7966: 7959: 7935: 7933: 7912: 7910: 7903: 7878: 7849: 7847: 7840: 7816: 7814: 7807: 7797:Scarecrow Press 7782: 7746: 7715: 7713: 7706: 7678: 7676: 7669: 7641: 7610: 7608: 7601: 7573: 7536: 7534: 7527: 7506: 7481: 7454: 7444:Sahitya Akademi 7413: 7411: 7404: 7380: 7378: 7371: 7340: 7338: 7331: 7303: 7301: 7294: 7269: 7243: 7241: 7234: 7185: 7183: 7155: 7153: 7146: 7118: 7116: 7109: 7081: 7079: 7072: 7044: 7016: 6983: 6955: 6953: 6938: 6910: 6882: 6880: 6873: 6823: 6821: 6814: 6783: 6781: 6753: 6751: 6744: 6719: 6694: 6663: 6632: 6630: 6623: 6595: 6593: 6571: 6543: 6541: 6534: 6495: 6493: 6486: 6462:Buswell, Robert 6451: 6449: 6442: 6399: 6371: 6346: 6315: 6313: 6306: 6285: 6260: 6237: 6232: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6204: 6203: 6199: 6189: 6187: 6182:. 3 June 2023. 6172: 6171: 6167: 6159: 6155: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6128: 6124: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6062: 6060: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6005: 6004: 6000: 5990: 5988: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5900: 5898: 5889: 5888: 5884: 5874: 5872: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5814: 5812: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5784: 5782: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5754: 5752: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5694: 5692: 5683: 5682: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5638: 5636: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5593: 5592: 5588: 5578: 5576: 5561: 5557: 5547: 5545: 5532: 5531: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5485: 5483: 5472: 5468: 5446: 5442: 5423:Pathmanathan, S 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5399:. 25 May 2023. 5391: 5390: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5281: 5279: 5272:Haryana Tourism 5266: 5265: 5261: 5253: 5246: 5236: 5234: 5221: 5220: 5216: 5206: 5204: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5176: 5174: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5146: 5144: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5086: 5084: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5024: 5022: 5013: 5012: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4968: 4966: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4940: 4936: 4926: 4924: 4911: 4910: 4906: 4898: 4894: 4886: 4882: 4872: 4870: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4749: 4741: 4737: 4729: 4722: 4675: 4671: 4663: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4625: 4621: 4613: 4609: 4601: 4592: 4584: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4557: 4553: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4526: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4482: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4419: 4415: 4407: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4345: 4337: 4333: 4325: 4321: 4311:Lochtefeld 2002 4309: 4305: 4297: 4293: 4289:, pp. 1–2. 4285: 4281: 4277:, pp. 3–4. 4273: 4269: 4261: 4254: 4250:, pp. 243. 4246: 4242: 4234: 4230: 4220: 4218: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4198:Srinivasan 2007 4196: 4192: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4140: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4118:Srinivasan 2007 4116: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4068: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4039: 4035: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4011: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3937:, pp. 1–3. 3933: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3897: 3893: 3885: 3878: 3874:, pp. 4–6. 3870: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3846: 3842: 3834: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3762: 3758: 3750: 3746: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3685:Lochtefeld 2002 3683: 3679: 3673:Chatterjee 1970 3671: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3634:The Śiva-Purāṇa 3632: 3631: 3627: 3620: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3567: 3563: 3555: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3459: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3399: 3391: 3384: 3376: 3369: 3361: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3174: 3168:Lochtefeld 2002 3166: 3153: 3145: 3134: 3126: 3119: 3111: 3104: 3096: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3061: 3052: 3048: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3022: 3014: 3011: 3002: 2998: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2919:Vaikasi Visakam 2909:Karthika Deepam 2895:Panguni Uthiram 2858: 2684: 2545:Kumaran Kundram 2487: 2482: 2436: 2434:mixture of five 2433: 2430: 2427: 2397:vegetarian diet 2385:self-mutilation 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2253: 2248: 2203:Nikaya Samgraha 2180:Korean Buddhism 2142:province, China 2124: 2122:Other religions 2055: 2054: 2053: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2036: 2035: 2030:Kartikeya from 2028: 1979:nirguna brahman 1957: 1953: 1951:Arunagirinathar 1945: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1916: 1822:Raja Ravi Varma 1814: 1782: 1707: 1642: 1566: 1561: 1536: 1534:Divine elephant 1533: 1530: 1527: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1400: 1351:Kumarasambhavam 1324: 1322:War with asuras 1221: 1177: 1175:Birth of Kumara 1174: 1171: 1168: 1007: 1002: 947: 933:(including the 798:Arunagirinathar 682: 650:Hinduism portal 642: 641: 637:Vaikasi Visakam 627:Panguni Uthiram 622:Kartika Purnima 607:Chitra Pournami 602: 594: 593: 514: 506: 505: 471: 463: 462: 438: 430: 429: 410: 402: 401: 353: 320: 288: 260: 256:Vaikasi Visakam 241:Panguni Uthiram 231:Karthika Deepam 166: 135: 131: 127: 94: 75: 73: 59: 52:Karthik, Kartik 44: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10806: 10796: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10768:Knowledge gods 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10728: 10727: 10725: 10724: 10714: 10704: 10684: 10681: 10680: 10678: 10677: 10676: 10675: 10670: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10649: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10596: 10591: 10590: 10589: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10533: 10532: 10527: 10516: 10514: 10508: 10507: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10479: 10477: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10448: 10447: 10446: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10420: 10419: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10349: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10328: 10326:Raksha Bandhan 10323: 10318: 10313: 10307: 10305: 10299: 10298: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10268: 10267: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10240: 10238: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10149: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10076: 10074: 10065: 10061: 10060: 10057: 10056: 10054: 10053: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9990: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9968: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9957: 9956: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9871: 9869: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9850: 9849: 9847: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9770: 9768: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9758: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9725: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9683: 9682: 9677: 9667: 9662: 9656: 9654: 9648: 9647: 9645: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9613: 9611: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9580: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9537:Shvetashvatara 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9512:Brihadaranyaka 9509: 9504: 9498: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9487: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9470: 9468: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9439: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9423: 9418: 9412: 9410: 9409:Classification 9403: 9397: 9396: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9383: 9381: 9380: 9371: 9370: 9369: 9362: 9355: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9313: 9311: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9248: 9247: 9246: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9219: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9182: 9180: 9171: 9165: 9164: 9162: 9161: 9156: 9153: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9125: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9093: 9092: 9090: 9089: 9079: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9062: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9045: 9044: 9033: 9031: 9030:Related topics 9027: 9026: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8987:Brihadeeswarar 8984: 8978: 8976: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8946:Ramanathaswamy 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8907: 8905: 8899: 8898: 8896: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8869: 8867: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8831: 8829: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8793: 8791: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8773: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8751: 8749: 8745: 8744: 8742: 8741: 8739:Shaiva Smartas 8736: 8731: 8726: 8724:Veera Shaivism 8721: 8719:Trika Shaivism 8716: 8715: 8714: 8709: 8699: 8694: 8688: 8686: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8678: 8671: 8664: 8657: 8650: 8643: 8636: 8629: 8622: 8614: 8612: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8598: 8591: 8584: 8577: 8570: 8562: 8560: 8554: 8553: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8541: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8519: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8444: 8442: 8436: 8435: 8428: 8425: 8424: 8417: 8416: 8409: 8402: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8380: 8379:External links 8377: 8375: 8374: 8360: 8354: 8334: 8316: 8297: 8291: 8269: 8263: 8241: 8223: 8201: 8183: 8164: 8158: 8139: 8125:Thomas, Edward 8121: 8108: 8102: 8085: 8076: 8058: 8050:Brill Academic 8036: 8030: 8022:Brill Academic 8008: 7990: 7975: 7957: 7942: 7919: 7901: 7882: 7876: 7856: 7838: 7823: 7805: 7786: 7780: 7763: 7750: 7744: 7722: 7704: 7685: 7667: 7645: 7639: 7617: 7599: 7577: 7571: 7556: 7543: 7525: 7510: 7504: 7485: 7479: 7458: 7452: 7433: 7420: 7402: 7387: 7369: 7347: 7329: 7310: 7292: 7273: 7267: 7250: 7232: 7213: 7192: 7162: 7144: 7125: 7107: 7088: 7070: 7048: 7042: 7020: 7014: 6995: 6981: 6962: 6936: 6914: 6908: 6889: 6871: 6849: 6830: 6812: 6790: 6760: 6742: 6723: 6717: 6698: 6692: 6673:, ed. (1993). 6671:Doniger, Wendy 6667: 6661: 6639: 6621: 6602: 6575: 6569: 6550: 6532: 6523:Kandha Puranam 6517: 6502: 6484: 6458: 6440: 6414: 6403: 6397: 6389:Brill Academic 6375: 6369: 6350: 6344: 6322: 6304: 6289: 6283: 6264: 6258: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6197: 6165: 6163:, p. 133. 6153: 6151:, p. 155. 6141: 6132:, p. 131. 6130:Ramaswamy 2017 6122: 6100: 6070: 6040: 6038:, p. 173. 6028: 5998: 5981:Kumaran Temple 5968: 5938: 5908: 5882: 5852: 5822: 5792: 5762: 5732: 5702: 5676: 5646: 5616: 5586: 5555: 5525: 5493: 5466: 5449:Bechert, Heinz 5440: 5414: 5381: 5351: 5321: 5289: 5259: 5255:Pattanaik 2014 5244: 5214: 5184: 5154: 5124: 5094: 5062: 5032: 5006: 4976: 4959:Kerala Tourism 4946: 4944:, p. 377. 4934: 4904: 4902:, p. 190. 4892: 4890:, p. 293. 4888:Ramaswamy 2007 4880: 4848: 4816: 4789: 4759: 4757:, p. 517. 4747: 4745:, p. 334. 4735: 4733:, p. 462. 4720: 4669: 4667:, p. 387. 4650: 4638: 4619: 4617:, p. 176. 4607: 4590: 4575: 4573:, p. 285. 4563: 4561:, p. 123. 4551: 4539: 4524: 4512: 4500: 4498:, p. 452. 4488: 4486:, p. 140. 4476: 4464: 4449: 4437: 4435:, p. 146. 4425: 4413: 4401: 4366: 4331: 4327:Ramaswamy 2007 4319: 4303: 4291: 4279: 4267: 4252: 4240: 4238:, p. 194. 4228: 4202: 4190: 4178: 4146: 4144:, p. 167. 4134: 4122: 4110: 4098: 4086: 4074: 4059: 4033: 4031:, p. 161. 4021: 4009: 3997: 3982:. Britannica. 3971: 3959: 3939: 3927: 3925:, p. 187. 3915: 3903: 3901:, p. 131. 3891: 3876: 3864: 3852: 3840: 3828: 3816: 3814:, p. 283. 3804: 3792: 3780: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3728:Handelman 2013 3720: 3701: 3699:, p. 149. 3689: 3677: 3665: 3663:, pp. 42. 3653: 3646: 3625: 3618: 3597: 3593:Handelman 2013 3585: 3573: 3571:, pp. 55. 3561: 3557:Handelman 2013 3544: 3532: 3520: 3518:, p. 185. 3508: 3496: 3494:, p. 141. 3484: 3475:, p. 320. 3465: 3453: 3451:, pp. 82. 3441: 3439:, p. 178. 3424: 3412: 3397: 3393:Handelman 2013 3382: 3378:Handelman 2013 3367: 3352: 3340: 3328: 3313: 3301: 3286: 3274: 3262: 3250: 3218: 3216:, p. 140. 3201: 3199:, p. 146. 3189: 3185:Civaraman 2006 3172: 3151: 3132: 3130:, p. 251. 3117: 3102: 3100:, p. 179. 3087: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3046: 3029: 3020: 2996: 2970: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2955:lunar calendar 2951: 2940: 2930: 2916: 2906: 2897:occurs on the 2892: 2857: 2854: 2838:United Kingdom 2683: 2680: 2616:Andhra Pradesh 2553:Manavalanallur 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2300:processionally 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2123: 2120: 2059:Raman Varadara 2045: 2038: 2037: 2029: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2002:Tamil language 1997:saguna brahman 1924: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1813: 1810: 1781: 1778: 1706: 1703: 1678:, the largest 1672:Kumarasambhava 1641: 1638: 1628:, such as the 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1429:Ganesha Purana 1399: 1396: 1323: 1320: 1316:Kamil Zvelebil 1220: 1217: 1161:Kumarasambhava 1145:Skanda Purana) 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 946: 943: 879:Southeast Asia 813:Indian peafowl 684: 683: 681: 680: 673: 666: 658: 655: 654: 653: 652: 644: 643: 640: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 603: 600: 599: 596: 595: 592: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 515: 512: 511: 508: 507: 504: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 472: 469: 468: 465: 464: 461: 460: 455: 450: 445: 439: 436: 435: 432: 431: 428: 427: 422: 417: 411: 408: 407: 404: 403: 400: 399: 394: 389: 385: 384: 379: 375: 374: 369: 364: 354: 351: 350: 347: 346: 338: 337: 331: 330: 322: 321: 319: 318: 307: 305: 301: 300: 294: 290: 289: 287: 286: 280: 273: 271: 267: 266: 262: 261: 259: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 236:Kartik Purnima 233: 227: 225: 221: 220: 217: 213: 212: 207: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 163: 157: 156: 146: 140: 139: 122: 118: 117: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 85: 77: 76: 71: 68: 67: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10805: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10788:Tutelary gods 10786: 10784: 10783:Tamil deities 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10740: 10738: 10723: 10715: 10713: 10709: 10705: 10703: 10695: 10694: 10692: 10682: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10663:Hindu temples 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10613: 10612: 10609: 10605: 10602: 10601: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10588: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10567:Hindu studies 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10537:Denominations 10535: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10522: 10521: 10518: 10517: 10515: 10513: 10509: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10478: 10474: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10449: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10425: 10424: 10421: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10383: 10381: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10347: 10346:Vijayadashami 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10333: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10308: 10306: 10304: 10300: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10273: 10272: 10269: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10246: 10245: 10242: 10241: 10239: 10235: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10163:Simantonayana 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10142: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10073: 10069: 10066: 10062: 10052: 10051: 10047: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9965: 9961: 9955: 9954: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9877: 9876: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9868: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9855: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9752: 9750: 9749:Yoga Vasistha 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9672: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9660:Bhagavad Gita 9658: 9657: 9655: 9653: 9649: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9606: 9600: 9599:Sthapatyaveda 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9573: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9495: 9491: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9465: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9428: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9398: 9379: 9375: 9372: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9361: 9360: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9318: 9315: 9314: 9312: 9310: 9306: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9254: 9253: 9250: 9249: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9225: 9224: 9221: 9220: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9166: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9145: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9123: 9118: 9116: 9111: 9109: 9104: 9103: 9100: 9088: 9084: 9080: 9078: 9070: 9069: 9066: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9028: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8979: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8956:Trimbakeshwar 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8931:Mahakaleshwar 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8870: 8868: 8866: 8862: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8827:Pancha Sabhai 8824: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8794: 8792: 8790: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8780:Shiva temples 8777: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8734:Shiva Advaita 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8704: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8687: 8683: 8677: 8676: 8672: 8670: 8669: 8668:Shiva Mahimna 8665: 8663: 8662: 8658: 8656: 8655: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8644: 8642: 8641: 8640:Shiva Tandava 8637: 8635: 8634: 8630: 8628: 8627: 8623: 8621: 8620: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8597: 8596: 8592: 8590: 8589: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8571: 8569: 8568: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8555: 8550: 8540: 8537: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8458:Dakshinamurti 8456: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8432: 8426: 8422: 8415: 8410: 8408: 8403: 8401: 8396: 8395: 8392: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8371: 8370: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8323: 8319: 8313: 8309: 8305: 8304: 8298: 8294: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8274: 8270: 8266: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8251: 8246: 8242: 8230: 8226: 8220: 8216: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8202: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8176: 8172: 8171: 8165: 8161: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8146: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8086: 8082: 8077: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8051: 8047: 8046: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8018: 8013: 8009: 7997: 7993: 7987: 7983: 7982: 7976: 7964: 7960: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7943: 7931: 7927: 7926: 7920: 7908: 7904: 7898: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7883: 7879: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7845: 7841: 7835: 7831: 7830: 7824: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7793: 7787: 7783: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7751: 7747: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7723: 7711: 7707: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7692: 7686: 7674: 7670: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7627: 7622: 7618: 7606: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7587: 7582: 7581:Parpola, Asko 7578: 7574: 7568: 7564: 7563: 7557: 7553: 7549: 7544: 7532: 7528: 7522: 7518: 7517: 7511: 7507: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7492: 7486: 7482: 7476: 7472: 7467: 7466: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7440: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7421: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7395: 7394: 7388: 7376: 7372: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7348: 7336: 7332: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7317: 7311: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7280: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7251: 7239: 7235: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7220: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7193: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7172: 7167: 7163: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7126: 7114: 7110: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7089: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7063: 7059: 7058: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7035: 7031: 7030: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7011: 7007: 7003: 7002: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6969: 6963: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6918:Heifetz, Hank 6915: 6911: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6890: 6878: 6874: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6837: 6831: 6819: 6815: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6795: 6791: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6770: 6765: 6761: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6730: 6724: 6720: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6705: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6678: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6658: 6654: 6653:Penguin Books 6650: 6649: 6644: 6643:Dalal, Roshen 6640: 6628: 6624: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6609: 6603: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6557: 6551: 6539: 6535: 6529: 6525: 6524: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6509: 6503: 6491: 6487: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6472: 6467: 6466:Lopez, Donald 6463: 6459: 6447: 6443: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6404: 6400: 6394: 6390: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6337: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6323: 6311: 6307: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6201: 6185: 6181: 6180: 6175: 6169: 6162: 6157: 6150: 6149:Pechilis 2013 6145: 6137: 6131: 6126: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6104: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6058: 6055:(in German). 6054: 6050: 6044: 6037: 6032: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6002: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5912: 5896: 5892: 5886: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5826: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5796: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5766: 5750: 5746: 5745:Sivananda.org 5742: 5736: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5706: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5634: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5590: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5559: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5529: 5513: 5509: 5508: 5503: 5497: 5481: 5477: 5470: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5386: 5369: 5365: 5364:Bharmour View 5361: 5355: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5249: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5218: 5202: 5198: 5197:Mangalore.com 5194: 5188: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5072: 5066: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5020: 5016: 5010: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4980: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4943: 4938: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4901: 4896: 4889: 4884: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4852: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4756: 4751: 4744: 4743:Williams 2016 4739: 4732: 4727: 4725: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4648:, p. 89. 4647: 4642: 4634: 4629:, p. 10. 4628: 4623: 4616: 4611: 4605:, p. 18. 4604: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4587: 4582: 4580: 4572: 4567: 4560: 4555: 4548: 4543: 4536: 4535:Sorensen 2011 4531: 4529: 4521: 4516: 4510:, p. 32. 4509: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4485: 4480: 4473: 4468: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4446: 4441: 4434: 4429: 4422: 4417: 4410: 4405: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4351: 4344: 4343: 4335: 4328: 4323: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4300: 4295: 4288: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4264: 4259: 4257: 4249: 4248:Zvelebil 1973 4244: 4237: 4232: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4199: 4194: 4187: 4182: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4143: 4142:Alphonse 1997 4138: 4131: 4126: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4083: 4078: 4071: 4066: 4064: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4005:Zvelebil 1973 4001: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3969:, p. 57. 3968: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3931: 3924: 3919: 3912: 3907: 3900: 3899:Kurukkal 1961 3895: 3888: 3883: 3881: 3873: 3868: 3862:, p. ix. 3861: 3856: 3849: 3844: 3837: 3832: 3825: 3820: 3813: 3808: 3802:, p. 50. 3801: 3796: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3765: 3760: 3753: 3748: 3741: 3736: 3730:, p. 56. 3729: 3724: 3716: 3711:, p. 29. 3710: 3709:Pattnaik 2000 3705: 3698: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3675:, p. 91. 3674: 3669: 3662: 3657: 3649: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3621: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3595:, p. 34. 3594: 3589: 3583:, p. 18. 3582: 3581:Zvelebil 1973 3577: 3570: 3565: 3559:, p. 32. 3558: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3542:, p. 31. 3541: 3540:Zvelebil 1973 3536: 3529: 3524: 3517: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3493: 3488: 3480: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3421: 3416: 3409: 3408:Kalidasa 1901 3404: 3402: 3395:, p. 31. 3394: 3389: 3387: 3380:, p. 33. 3379: 3374: 3372: 3365:, p. 72. 3364: 3363:Vanamali 2013 3359: 3357: 3350:, p. 67. 3349: 3344: 3337: 3332: 3326:, p. 51. 3325: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3305: 3298: 3293: 3291: 3283: 3278: 3272:, p. 80. 3271: 3266: 3259: 3254: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3222: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3198: 3193: 3187:, p. 55. 3186: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3148: 3147:Varadara 1993 3143: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3129: 3124: 3122: 3115:, p. 17. 3114: 3109: 3107: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3085:, p. 87. 3084: 3083:Zvelebil 1991 3079: 3075: 3056: 3050: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3024: 3018: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2971: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2878:full moon day 2875: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2862: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2840:, Australia, 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2798:United States 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2682:Outside India 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2549:Kumarakkottam 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2499: 2496:, one of the 2495: 2491: 2477: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2465:Sugar candies 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2363: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2268:Kavadi Aattam 2262: 2257: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2185:According to 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2134:protector in 2133: 2128: 2119: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2100:Indo-Scythian 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076:archeological 2071: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2057:According to 2049: 2046:Coins of the 2042: 2033: 2026: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1923: 1922: 1921:Guha (Muruga) 1911: 1909: 1905: 1904:Skanda Purana 1901: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1857:, wielding a 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1834:Kushan period 1831: 1823: 1818: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1716: 1711: 1702: 1700: 1699:Skanda Purana 1696: 1695:Skanda Purana 1691: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1676:Skanda Purana 1673: 1670:'s epic poem 1669: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1585: 1581: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1523:, Devayanai ( 1522: 1521:Kanda Puranam 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505:Skanda Purana 1502: 1498: 1474:Army of Devas 1462: 1458: 1455:bachelor. In 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438:Skanda Purana 1435: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1347:Kanda Puranam 1344: 1340: 1333: 1328: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1278:Kanda Puranam 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1241:Kanda Puranam 1234: 1230: 1225: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1137:Kanda Puranam 1129: 1125: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1059:According to 1057: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1012: 997: 995: 994:Indo-Scythian 990: 988: 983: 978: 974: 970: 967:known as the 966: 962: 958: 957: 956:Skanda Purana 952: 942: 940: 936: 935:United States 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 809:ever-youthful 805: 803: 799: 795: 794: 789: 785: 784: 779: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 747:ancient times 744: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 700: 694: 690: 679: 674: 672: 667: 665: 660: 659: 657: 656: 651: 648: 647: 646: 645: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 612:Kandha Sashti 610: 608: 605: 604: 598: 597: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 516: 513:Other temples 510: 509: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 467: 466: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 448:Skanda Purana 446: 444: 441: 440: 434: 433: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 406: 405: 398: 395: 393: 390: 387: 386: 383: 380: 377: 376: 373: 370: 368: 365: 362: 361: 359: 358: 349: 348: 344: 340: 339: 336: 333: 332: 328: 327: 316: 312: 309: 308: 306: 302: 298: 295: 291: 284: 281: 278: 275: 274: 272: 268: 263: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 232: 229: 228: 226: 222: 218: 214: 211: 208: 206: 202: 199: 196: 192: 189: 186: 184: 180: 177: 174: 170: 164: 162: 158: 154: 150: 147: 145: 141: 138: 134: 130: 126: 123: 119: 116: 112: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 83: 78: 69: 64: 61: 57: 53: 49: 42: 35: 34:Muruga (film) 30: 19: 10673:Architecture 10276:Brahmacharya 10218:Samavartanam 10183:Annaprashana 10049: 9952: 9921: 9753: 9707:Dharmaśāstra 9697:Arthashastra 9532:Maitrayaniya 9364: 9357: 9350: 9272:Brahmacharya 9012:Tiruchengode 8916:Grishneshwar 8911:Bhimashankar 8903:Jyotirlingas 8755:Kanwar Yatra 8673: 8666: 8659: 8652: 8645: 8638: 8631: 8626:Rudrashtakam 8624: 8617: 8593: 8586: 8581:Shiva Purana 8579: 8572: 8565: 8521: 8429: 8368: 8341: 8326:. 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Retrieved 3230: 3221: 3192: 3078: 3049: 3037: 3032: 3023: 3003: 2999: 2980:South Indian 2974: 2933:Kanda Sashti 2868: 2774:South Africa 2731: 2700: 2593: 2502: 2420:Panchamritam 2418: 2415:ear piercing 2409: 2380: 2373:flagellation 2366: 2342: 2338: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2279: 2276:debt bondage 2266: 2236:Asko Parpola 2219:Tamil Hindus 2202: 2184: 2145: 2111:Chola period 2108: 2104:Greek script 2072: 2068:Gupta Empire 2063:G. S. Ghurye 2056: 2011:born in the 2006: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1977: 1973: 1958: 1946: 1944: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1903: 1882: 1876: 1839:Gupta Empire 1827: 1806:Jinakalamali 1805: 1793: 1783: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1744: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1698: 1694: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1663:Arthashastra 1661: 1653: 1643: 1633: 1629: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1587: 1577: 1573: 1567: 1553:reincarnated 1545:tribal chief 1520: 1504: 1500: 1450: 1441: 1437: 1434:Shiva Purana 1433: 1427: 1421: 1372: 1364: 1350: 1346: 1336: 1308:Palani Hills 1285: 1277: 1275: 1270: 1260: 1240: 1238: 1196: 1190: 1159: 1158: 1149:three worlds 1144: 1136: 1134: 1082:three worlds 1062:Shiva Purana 1060: 1058: 1043: 1033:Shalya Parva 1014: 1008: 991: 954: 950: 949:The epithet 948: 907:South Africa 881:(notably in 853: 806: 791: 781: 767:Palani hills 740: 716: 712: 708: 704: 696: 688: 687: 579:Vallakkottai 569:Thindalmalai 554:Maruthamalai 491:Thiruchendur 360:(Kartikeya) 355: 317:or celibate 246:Surasamharam 133:Palani Hills 60: 29: 10743:Beauty gods 10722:WikiProject 10594:Persecution 10582:Nationalism 10572:Iconography 10452:Ratha Yatra 10363:Janmashtami 10358:Rama Navami 10286:Vanaprastha 10237:Varnashrama 10213:Ritushuddhi 10198:Vidyarambha 10188:Chudakarana 10178:Nishkramana 10153:Garbhadhana 9794:Thirukkural 9789:Thiruppugal 9717:Nāradasmṛti 9680:Mahabharata 9458:Atharvaveda 9336:Vaisheshika 9223:Puruṣārthas 9059:Other names 8941:Omkareshwar 8926:Mallikarjun 8789:Panch Kedar 8661:Shri Rudram 8647:Sahasranama 7864:The Puranas 7052:Hume, Lynne 6245:South India 6036:Reeves 2014 5639:2 September 5609:2 September 5579:2 September 5548:2 September 5474:Star, The. 5397:Myrepublica 4942:Mathew 2017 4665:Javier 2014 4520:Howard 2006 4433:Cutler 2008 4421:Pillai 1997 4409:Ghurye 1977 3935:Bakker 2014 3887:Rocher 1986 3872:Bakker 2014 3860:Tagare 1996 3297:Thomas 1877 3113:Pillai 2004 3038:Pinkalandai 2992:North India 2882:Tamil month 2850:Switzerland 2842:New Zealand 2676:Uttarakhand 2672:Rudraprayag 2648:West Bengal 2638:temples in 2589:Viralimalai 2581:Vallakottai 2561:Pachaimalai 2557:Marudamalai 2541:Kandakottam 2521:Tiruchendur 2467:, which is 2461:date fruits 2459:along with 2227:bodhisattva 2176:dharmapalas 2168:Song period 2164:Tang period 1992:iraivativam 1966:Vaishnavism 1824:(1848–1906) 1756:Pinkalandai 1724:Tolkappiyam 1634:Mahabharata 1501:Mahabharata 1442:Mahabharata 1287:Gnana palam 1271:Mahabharata 1197:Mahabharata 1114:god of love 1086:immortality 1045:Mahabharata 965:handmaidens 863:South India 845:philosopher 823:called the 709:Subrahmanya 574:Viralimalai 559:Pachaimalai 529:Chennimalai 107:Affiliation 99:Other names 48:Karthikeyan 10753:Hindu gods 10737:Categories 10423:Kumbh Mela 10391:Gudi Padwa 10336:Durga Puja 10321:Shivaratri 10193:Karnavedha 10173:Namakarana 10135:Tirthatana 9902:Dattatreya 9739:Subhashita 9712:Manusmriti 9589:Dhanurveda 9522:Taittiriya 9507:Kaushitaki 9494:Upanishads 9267:Aparigraha 9169:Philosophy 9042:Rasalingam 8966:Vishwanath 8961:Vaidyanath 8817:Kalpeshwar 8770:Shiva Puja 8685:Traditions 8483:Tatpurusha 8002:22 January 7817:22 January 7716:22 January 7414:30 October 6956:22 January 6222:1 December 6190:22 January 5507:Britannica 5407:1 December 5374:13 October 5344:1 December 5177:19 January 4927:1 December 4900:Aiyar 1982 4841:1 December 4782:1 December 4772:Rob Putsey 4755:Abram 2003 4313:, p. 4221:1 December 4171:1 November 4052:5 November 3990:7 November 3980:"Korravai" 3967:Sinha 1979 3348:Dalal 2010 3270:Gopal 1990 3232:Britannica 3128:Dalal 2010 3098:Kumar 2008 3065:References 3017:Wikisource 2948:Durga Puja 2944:East India 2806:Batu Caves 2766:Seychelles 2577:Vadapalani 2573:Thiruporur 2569:Siruvapuri 2529:Swamimalai 2505:Tamil Nadu 2343:Sakthigiri 2327:hemisphere 2308:pal kavadi 2263:procession 2092:Kushan era 2084:numismatic 2080:epigraphic 2032:Kushan era 1681:Mahapurana 1654:Mahabhasya 1559:Literature 1376:mango tree 1362:(anklet). 1257:Mount Meru 1255:on top of 1219:Early life 1193:Vana Parva 1102:meditation 1072:performed 1070:Tarakasura 1041:Hindu epic 871:East India 837:Tarakasura 835:including 793:Tiruppukal 788:Nakkīraṉãr 759:Sangam era 724:god of war 584:Vadapalani 524:Batu Caves 501:Thiruttani 486:Swamimalai 453:Tiruppukal 88:Batu Caves 10758:Kartikeya 10646:Theosophy 10577:Mythology 10557:Criticism 10525:Etymology 10483:Svādhyāya 10382:New Year 10331:Navaratri 10303:Festivals 10281:Grihastha 10254:Kshatriya 10228:Antyeshti 10203:Upanayana 10168:Jatakarma 10158:Pumsavana 10145:Sanskaras 10110:Naivedhya 10064:Practices 10009:Mahavidya 9977:Saraswati 9964:Goddesses 9922:Kartikeya 9819:Athichudi 9774:Tirumurai 9627:Vyākaraṇa 9594:Natyaveda 9542:Chandogya 9467:Divisions 9448:Yajurveda 9002:Lingaraja 8997:Katas Raj 8936:Nageshvar 8921:Kedarnath 8807:Rudranath 8797:Kedarnath 8595:Tirumurai 8522:Kartikeya 8478:Sadyojata 8328:21 August 8195:21 August 7936:21 August 7913:21 August 7850:17 August 7696:Routledge 7679:21 August 7537:17 August 7341:21 August 7304:21 August 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2640:Karnataka 2628:Biccavolu 2620:Telangana 2608:Kidangoor 2533:Tiruttani 2411:Tonsuring 2362:Singapore 2312:el kavadi 2251:Practices 2240:Naigamesa 2211:Vibhisana 2195:Sri Lanka 2088:Yaudheyas 2048:Yaudheyas 1765:Paripatal 1715:Thaipusam 1650:Patanjali 1602:mentions 1414:and sons 1332:Surapadma 1213:Vasishtha 1209:Saptarshi 971:. Later, 969:Krittikas 951:Kartikeya 939:Australia 915:Caribbean 903:Mauritius 895:Indonesia 887:Singapore 875:Sri Lanka 841:Surapadma 833:rakshasas 719:, is the 713:Shanmukha 699:Kārtikeya 689:Kartikeya 632:Thaipusam 601:Festivals 549:Kunnakudi 420:Cock flag 299:(brother) 265:Genealogy 251:Thaipusam 224:Festivals 66:Kartikeya 10793:War gods 10773:Shaivism 10763:Kaumaram 10702:Category 10653:Glossary 10621:Buddhism 10587:Hindutva 10547:Calendar 10428:Haridwar 10406:Vaisakhi 10401:Puthandu 10291:Sannyasa 10208:Keshanta 10039:Shashthi 9875:Trimurti 9702:Nitisara 9675:Ramayana 9670:Itihasas 9642:Jyotisha 9584:Ayurveda 9576:Upavedas 9557:Mandukya 9502:Aitareya 9484:Aranyaka 9479:Brahmana 9453:Samaveda 9378:Charvaka 9178:Concepts 9159:Timeline 9151:Glossary 9134:Hinduism 9077:Category 8982:Amarnath 8855:Chitiram 8850:Thamiram 8835:Rathinam 8802:Tungnath 8765:Pradosha 8702:Kapalika 8527:Devasena 8488:Vamadeva 8473:Nataraja 8463:Harihara 8453:Bhairava 8421:Shaivism 8366:(1991). 8340:(1973). 8322:Archived 8308:ABC-Clio 8275:(1975). 8247:(1993). 8229:Archived 8207:(2013). 8205:Vanamali 8189:Archived 8127:(1877). 8070:19 April 8064:Archived 8042:(1997). 8014:(2007). 7996:Archived 7969:19 April 7963:Archived 7930:Archived 7907:Archived 7862:(1986). 7844:Archived 7811:Archived 7728:(1997). 7710:Archived 7673:Archived 7659:Westland 7651:(2014). 7623:(2000). 7611:18 April 7605:Archived 7583:(2015). 7531:Archived 7408:Archived 7375:Archived 7353:(2017). 7335:Archived 7298:Archived 7284:ABC-Clio 7238:Archived 7180:Archived 7168:(1901). 7166:Kalidasa 7156:18 April 7150:Archived 7113:Archived 7076:Archived 7054:(2020). 7026:(1921). 6950:Archived 6946:29743892 6920:(1990). 6883:18 April 6877:Archived 6855:(1993). 6824:19 April 6818:Archived 6784:19 April 6778:Archived 6766:(1977). 6754:21 April 6748:Archived 6645:(2010). 6633:21 April 6627:Archived 6590:Archived 6538:Archived 6496:20 April 6490:Archived 6468:(2013). 6446:Archived 6381:(2014). 6361:ABC-Clio 6328:(1988). 6316:19 April 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