27:
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477:. However, the detection of the first two chemical groups in human and environmental samples as well as their carcinogenic properties initiated a public debate on the use of these compounds and a ban or reduction of their use in many regions of the world. Macrocyclic musk compounds are expected to replace them since these compounds appear to be safer.
132:. There are several ways of preparing the commercial musk, and the best method is to dry the pod by sunning and airing immediately after it is taken from the animal. Natural musk is usually packed in hermetically-sealed vessels and wooden boxes lined with tin foil because of its powerful diffusion of odor.
469:, nearly all musk fragrance used in perfumery today is synthetic, sometimes called "white musk". They can be divided into three major classes: aromatic nitro musks, polycyclic musk compounds, and macrocyclic musk compounds. The first two groups have broad uses in industry ranging from
241:
Musk has been a key constituent in many perfumes since its discovery, being held to give a perfume long-lasting power as a fixative. Today, the trade quantity of the natural musk is controlled by the
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
948:"A Practical Guide for the Perfumer: Being a New Treatise on Perfumery the Most Favorable to Beauty Without Being Injurious to the Health, Comprising a Description of the Substances Used in Perfumery, and the Formulæ of More Than One Thousand Preparations ..."
238:. No other natural substance has such a complex aroma associated with so many contradictory descriptions; however, it is usually described abstractly as animalistic, earthy and woody or something akin to the odor of baby's skin.
225:
in a pouch, or sac, under the skin of the abdomen of the male musk deer, is normally obtained by killing the male deer through traps laid in the wild. Upon drying, the reddish-brown paste inside the musk pod turns into a black
325:, has been known since the 17th century to secrete a glandular substance with a musky odor. A chemical means of extracting it was discovered in the 1940s, but it did not prove commercially worthwhile.
415:
produce musky-smelling macrocyclic lactone compounds. These compounds are widely used in perfumery as substitutes for animal musk or to alter the smell of a mixture of other musks.
61:
was a name originally given to a substance with a strong odor obtained from a gland of the musk deer. The substance has been used as a popular perfume
139:(TCM). TCMs in China, save for specially exempt drugs, use a synthetic version of undisclosed composition created in 1994. The process was given
515:
Musk has been used to attract wild animals, including in man-made perfume mixtures. For example, in 2018 Indian authorities used the perfume
988:
1033:
882:
947:
1049:
O comércio europeu de almíscar com a Ásia no inicio da edad moderna - The
European Musk Trade with Asia in the Early Modern Period
1028:
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140:
728:[Late grand award; artificial musk finally receives State Science and Technology Progress Award First Class].
972:
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841:
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109:) and has come to encompass a wide variety of aromatic substances with similar odors, despite their often differing
684:
679:
Rimkus, Gerhard G. (Ed.); Cornelia Sommer (2004). "The Role of Musk and Musk
Compounds in the Fragrance Industry".
708:
1062:, edited by J. Alves, C. Guillot and R. Ptak. Wiesbaden and Lisbon: Harrassowitz-Fundação Oriente (2003): 65–84.
861:
259:
898:"The Narratives of "the Companions of the Cave," Moses and His Servant, and Dhū 'l-Qarnayn in Sūrat al-Kahf"
1085:
391:, there are two pairs of musk glands, one pair situated at the corner of the jaw and the other pair in the
136:
632:
754:
897:
529:, which are artificially flavoured with a substance that is reminiscent of musk perfume, are a popular
744:
500:
is also said to have perspired the odor of musk. Popular scents in Arab Muslim tradition include
725:
1058:
Borschberg, Peter, "Der asiatische
Moschushandel vom frühen 15. bis zum 17. Jahrhundert", in
523:
to attract and thus trap a wild tiger that had attacked and killed more than a dozen humans.
432:
411:
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26:
20:
62:
8:
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742:
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269:
110:
489:, musk is considered to be the most fragrant of the scents. It was widely used by the
53:, numerous plants emitting similar fragrances, and artificial substances with similar
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until the late 19th century when economic and ethical motives led to the adoption of
69:
in the world. The name originates from the Late Greek μόσχος 'moskhos', from
Persian
833:
750:
125:
681:
Synthetic Musk
Fragrances in the Environment (Handbook of Environmental Chemistry)
581:
490:
222:
445:
121:
66:
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called "musk grain", which is then tinctured with alcohol. The aroma of the
772:
520:
743:
Historical
Section of the Foreign Office (Great Britain) (19 June 2021).
546:
349:
300:
194:
627:
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which, in antiquity, was highly valued, and from several other animals.
235:
1037:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 90.
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Glandular substances with musk-like odors are also obtained from the
210:
174:
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157:
117:
105:. It is applied to various plants and animals of similar smell (e.g.
50:
38:
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H. C. Baird: London, Trübner & Company – via Google Books.
1048:
857:
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247:
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
989:"Calvin Klein's Obsession Could Be The Trick To Catching A Tiger"
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450:
314:
308:
202:
129:
102:
42:
961:
Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (November 23, 2022).
830:
Elsevier's
Dictionary of Herpetological and Related Terminology
392:
341:
106:
505:
486:
243:
214:
198:
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182:
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128:
primarily responsible for the characteristic odor of musk is
46:
54:
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meaning "mouse". The deer gland was thought to resemble a
902:
485:
Musk is often associated with religious significance. In
19:
This article is about the musk odor. For other uses, see
709:"Musk: Its Pharmacological Action and Therapeutic Uses"
678:
65:
since ancient times and is one of the most expensive
749:. Handbooks... No.70. H M Stationery Office (1920).
234:
gives a pleasant odor only after it is considerably
777:
Chemistry and
Technology of Flavours and Fragrances
465:Since obtaining the deer musk requires killing the
37:is a class of aromatic substances commonly used as
960:
1067:
775:(2004). "Chapter 7. Aroma Chemicals IV: Musks".
770:
649:Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque
603:Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque
16:Class of aromatic substances used in perfumes
461:to mask the smell of the detergent chemicals
124:, which is now used almost exclusively. The
418:The plant sources include the musk flower (
141:State Science and Technology Progress Award
78:
646:
600:
424:) of western North America, the muskwood (
135:Modern use of natural musk pods occurs in
946:Dussauce, Hippolyte (February 18, 1868).
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945:
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395:. Musk glands are also found in snakes.
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964:QATAR (EN ANGLAIS) 2023/2024 Petit Futé
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766:
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919:Lyttelton, Celia (February 18, 2008).
881:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
574:"Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary:
563:
457:, a polycyclic musk commonly found in
30:Musk deer of Tibet in old illustration
922:The Scent Trail: An Olfactory Odyssey
802:
793:
665:
116:Natural musk was used extensively in
761:
430:) of Australia, and the musk seeds (
173:The musk deer belongs to the family
49:secretions from animals such as the
166:A musk pod, obtained from the male
13:
1041:
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146:
14:
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726:"迟来的大奖 人工麝香终获国家科技进步一等奖--科技--人民网"
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864:from the original on 2022-11-20
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807:. Springer. pp. 219–220.
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1:
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651:. Klincksieck. p. 715.
605:. Klincksieck. p. 715.
151:
137:traditional Chinese medicine
7:
647:Chantraine, Pierre (1990).
633:Online Etymology Dictionary
601:Chantraine, Pierre (1990).
540:
10:
1102:
746:"Tibet". Handbook (No. 70)
443:
155:
18:
977:– via Google Books.
935:– via Google Books.
896:Griffith, Sidney (2021).
398:
283:"Musk-cat", woodcut from
557:
1034:Encyclopædia Britannica
755:2027/uc1.32106000253184
250:and trading continues.
828:Wareham, D.C. (2005).
771:Rowe, David J. (Ed.);
462:
321:), a rodent native to
311:
170:
113:and molecular shapes.
31:
803:Groom, Nigel (1997).
730:scitech.people.com.cn
453:
433:Abelmoschus moschatus
412:Abelmoschus moschatus
406:Angelica archangelica
370:Sternotherus odoratus
303:
165:
143:First Class in 2015.
29:
21:Musk (disambiguation)
1047:Borschberg, Peter, "
805:New Perfume Handbook
496:and his companions.
440:Artificial compounds
403:Some plants such as
1086:Perfume ingredients
498:Alexander the Great
362:Civettictis civetta
266:Moschus moschiferus
111:chemical structures
95:Proto-Indo-European
1060:Mirabilia Asiatica
463:
459:laundry detergents
427:Olearia argophylla
374:American alligator
319:Ondatra zibethicus
312:
305:Ondatra zibethicus
270:Siberian musk deer
221:. The musk pod, a
171:
32:
995:. 14 October 2018
626:Harper, Douglas.
467:endangered animal
421:Mimulus moschatus
228:granular material
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1027:, ed. (1911). "
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354:Aromia moschata
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292:
291:
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246:), but illegal
223:preputial gland
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154:
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147:Natural sources
93:) derived from
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67:animal products
45:. They include
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967:. Petit Futé.
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446:Synthetic musk
444:Main article:
441:
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436:) from India.
400:
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380:, lynx musk,
336:) of southern
334:Biziura lobata
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786:0-8493-2372-X
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779:. Blackwell.
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732:(in Chinese).
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323:North America
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77:मुष्क muṣka (
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773:Philip Kraft
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521:Calvin Klein
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547:Androstenol
527:Musk sticks
366:musk turtle
350:musk beetle
195:Afghanistan
1070:Categories
999:18 October
925:. Bantam.
908:: 137–166.
868:2022-04-06
587:2007-04-07
531:confection
481:Other uses
475:detergents
455:Galaxolide
389:crocodiles
346:musk shrew
39:base notes
1081:Olfaction
1076:Perfumery
535:Australia
517:Obsession
471:cosmetics
382:lungurion
338:Australia
330:musk duck
211:Manchuria
175:Moschidae
168:musk deer
158:Musk deer
152:Musk deer
118:perfumery
51:musk deer
47:glandular
43:perfumery
877:cite web
862:Archived
685:Springer
552:Civetone
541:See also
510:agarwood
494:Muhammad
248:poaching
232:tincture
207:Mongolia
191:Pakistan
88:testicle
75:Sanskrit
63:fixative
1022::
502:jasmine
372:), the
364:), the
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315:Muskrat
309:muskrat
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203:Siberia
130:muscone
103:scrotum
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393:cloaca
348:, the
344:, the
342:muskox
340:, the
307:, the
287:, 1491
107:muskox
712:(PDF)
558:Notes
506:amber
487:Islam
244:CITES
215:Korea
199:China
187:Nepal
183:India
179:Tibet
99:múh₂s
97:noun
71:mushk
55:odors
1029:Musk
1001:2018
969:ISBN
927:ISBN
883:link
838:ISBN
809:ISBN
781:ISBN
689:ISBN
653:ISBN
607:ISBN
576:musk
217:and
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