Gamal Abdel Nasser

3603:. Amer reassured him that the army was prepared for confrontation, but Nasser doubted Amer's assessment of the military's readiness. According to Nasser's vice president Zakaria Mohieddin, although "Amer had absolute authority over the armed forces, Nasser had his ways of knowing what was really going on". Moreover, Amer anticipated an impending Israeli attack and advocated a preemptive strike. Nasser refused the call upon determination that the air force lacked pilots and Amer's handpicked officers were incompetent. Still, Nasser concluded that if Israel attacked, Egypt's quantitative advantage in manpower and arms could stave off Israeli forces for at least two weeks, allowing for diplomacy towards a ceasefire. Israel repeated declarations it had made in 1957 that any closure of the Straits would be considered an act of war, or justification for war, but Nasser closed the Straits to Israeli shipping on 22–23 May. Towards the end of May, Nasser increasingly exchanged his positions of deterrence for deference to the inevitability of war, under increased pressure to act by both the general Arab populace and various Arab governments. On 26 May Nasser declared, "our basic objective will be to destroy Israel". On 30 May, King Hussein committed Jordan in an 3784: 2985: 3708: 3808: 3566: 2131: 2334: 2176:) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in name. The revolution they had long sought was launched on 22 July and was declared a success the next day. The Free Officers seized control of all government buildings, radio stations, and police stations, as well as army headquarters in Cairo. While many of the rebel officers were leading their units, Nasser donned civilian clothing to avoid detection by royalists and moved around Cairo monitoring the situation. In a move to stave off foreign intervention two days before the revolution, Nasser had notified the American and British governments of his intentions, and both had agreed not to aid Farouk. Under pressure from the Americans, Nasser had agreed to exile the deposed king with an honorary ceremony. 2276:

a mutiny immediately followed, demanding Naguib's reinstatement and the RCC's dissolution. While visiting the striking officers at Military Headquarters (GHQ) to call for the mutiny's end, Nasser was initially intimidated into accepting their demands. However, on 27 February, Nasser's supporters in the army launched a raid on the GHQ, ending the mutiny. Later that day, hundreds of thousands of protesters, mainly belonging to the Brotherhood, called for Naguib's return and Nasser's imprisonment. In response, a sizable group within the RCC, led by Khaled Mohieddin, demanded Naguib's release and return to the presidency. Nasser acquiesced, but delayed Naguib's reinstatement until 4 March, allowing him to promote Amer to Commander of the Armed Forces—a position formerly occupied by Naguib.

2833: 1872:, marched into the palace, and threatened the King with the bombardment of his palace, his removal as king, and his exile from Egypt unless he conceded to the British demands. Ultimately, the 22 year old King submitted, and appointed El-Nahas. Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British. Nasser was accepted into the General Staff College later that year. He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution. Nasser stayed in touch with the group's members primarily through Amer, who continued to seek out interested officers within the 3086: 1264: 1375: 4246:, who was Nasser's vice president, said that Nasser gradually changed during his reign. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. Although Nasser repeatedly said that a war with Israel will start at a time of his, or Arab, choosing, in 1967 he started a bluffing game "but a successful bluff means your opponent must not know which cards you are holding. In this case Nasser's opponent could see his hand in the mirror and knew he was only holding a pair of deuces" and Nasser knew that his army is not prepared yet. "All of this was out of character...His tendencies in this regard may have been accentuated by diabetes... That was the only rational explanation for his actions in 1967". 15097: 15004: 4013: 1885: 15157: 5706: 2466: 4129: 3384: 2779:

organize popular resistance. Nasser and Boghdadi traveled to the canal zone to boost the morale of the armed volunteers. According to Boghdadi's memoirs, Nasser described the Egyptian Army as "shattered" as he saw the wreckage of Egyptian military equipment en route. When British and French forces landed in Port Said on 5–6 November, its local militia put up a stiff resistance, resulting in street-to-street fighting. The Egyptian Army commander in the city was preparing to request terms for a ceasefire, but Nasser ordered him to desist. The British-French forces managed to largely secure the city by 7 November. Between 750 and 1,000 Egyptians were killed in the battle for Port Said.

2020: 69: 3503: 2586: 3709: 3679: 3711: 2626: 1300: 3198:, in July 1961, Nasser decreed socialist measures that nationalized wide-ranging sectors of the Syrian economy. He also dismissed Sarraj in September to curb the growing political crisis. Aburish states that Nasser was not fully capable of addressing Syrian problems because they were "foreign to him". In Egypt, the economic situation was more positive, with a GNP growth of 4.5 percent and a rapid growth of industry. In 1960, Nasser nationalized the Egyptian press, which had already been cooperating with his government, in order to steer coverage towards the country's socioeconomic issues and galvanize public support for his socialist measures. 4111: 4184: 3866:, which called for an end to hostilities and an Israeli withdrawal from Egyptian territory, but it was rejected by Israel, the PLO, and most Arab states except Jordan. Nasser had initially rejected the plan, but conceded under pressure from the Soviet Union, which feared that escalating regional conflict could drag it into a war with the US. He also determined that a ceasefire could serve as a tactical step toward the strategic goal of recapturing the Suez Canal. Nasser forestalled any movement toward direct negotiations with Israel. In dozens of speeches and statements, Nasser posited the equation that any direct peace talks with 3712: 2229: 5838: 1252: 3700:

and ceded all presidential powers to his then-Vice President Zakaria Mohieddin, who had no prior information of this decision and refused to accept the post. It was in this resignation speech that the Six Day War was first called the "setback". The second sentence of his speech ran: "We cannot hide from ourselves the fact that we have met with a grave setback in the last few days"—the "naksa" or "setback" for Egypt being the destruction of its armed forces, the loss of the entire Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza region, and the national humiliation and disgrace of losing a war to the vastly smaller Israeli Army.

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Israeli-American collusion to drag Egypt into war. The message had been originally received by Amer on 2 May, but was withheld from Nasser until the Sinai deployment on 14 May. Although in the preceding months, Hussein and Nasser had been accusing each other of avoiding a fight with Israel, Hussein was nonetheless wary that an Egyptian–Israeli war would risk the West Bank's occupation by Israel. Nasser still felt that the US would restrain Israel from attacking due to assurances that he received from the US and Soviet Union. In turn, he also reassured both powers that Egypt would only act defensively.

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provoking the beneficiaries of the revolution, namely the workers, peasants, and petty bourgeois, to oppose the decrees, with one million transport workers launching a strike and thousands of peasants entering Cairo in protest in late March. Naguib sought to crack down on the protesters, but his requests were rebuffed by the heads of the security forces. On 29 March, Nasser announced the decrees' revocation in response to the "impulse of the street". Between April and June, hundreds of Naguib's supporters in the military were either arrested or dismissed, and Mohieddin was informally exiled to

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Brotherhood chief ideologue Sayyed Qutb imprisoned. Qutb was charged and found guilty by the court of plotting to assassinate Nasser, and was executed in 1966. Beginning in 1966, as Egypt's economy slowed and government debt became increasingly burdensome, Nasser began to ease state control over the private sector, encouraging state-owned bank loans to private business and introducing incentives to increase exports. During the '60s, the Egyptian economy went from sluggishness to the verge of collapse, the society became less free, and Nasser's appeal waned considerably.

4231:. American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence of strong political institutions under his rule. Historian Abd al-Azim Ramadan wrote that Nasser was an irrational and irresponsible leader, blaming his inclination to solitary decision-making for Egypt's losses during the Suez War, among other events. 3968: 1812: 3306: 15449: 15457: 1230: 3904: 3328:'s waters for economic purposes, which Syria and Jordan deemed an act of war. Nasser blamed Arab divisions for what he deemed "the disastrous situation". He discouraged Syria and Palestinian guerrillas from provoking the Israelis, conceding that he had no plans for war with Israel. During the summit, Nasser developed cordial relations with King Hussein, and ties were mended with the rulers of Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Morocco. In May, Nasser moved to formally share his leadership position over the Palestine issue by initiating the creation of the 2301: 3721:

to topple him on 27 August. Nasser was tipped off about their activities and, after several invitations, he convinced Amer to meet him at his home on 24 August. Nasser confronted Amer about the coup plot, which he denied before being arrested by Mohieddin. Amer committed suicide on 14 September. Despite his souring relationship with Amer, Nasser spoke of losing "the person closest to ". Thereafter, Nasser began a process of depoliticizing the armed forces, arresting dozens of leading military and intelligence figures loyal to Amer.

3611: 14931: 14959: 1690: 2203:, leading to a clash with the army that left nine people dead. While most of the RCC insisted on executing the riot's two ringleaders, Nasser opposed this. Nonetheless, the sentences were carried out. The Muslim Brotherhood supported the RCC, and after Naguib's assumption of power, demanded four ministerial portfolios in the new cabinet. Nasser turned down their demands and instead hoped to co-opt the Brotherhood by giving two of its members, who were willing to serve officially as independents, minor ministerial posts. 1276: 2240: 15441: 1312: 2617:, prohibited discrimination by sex, and entailed special protection for women in the workplace. Coinciding with the new constitution and Nasser's presidency, the RCC dissolved itself and its members resigned their military commissions as part of the transition to civilian rule. During the deliberations surrounding the establishment of a new government, Nasser began a process of sidelining his rivals among the original Free Officers, while elevating his closest allies to high-ranking positions in the cabinet. 931: 5901: 4208:

Nasser as oppressive, tyrannical, and demonic. Samer S. Shehata, who wrote an article on 'The Politics of Laughter: Nasser, Sadat, and Mubarek in Egyptian Political Jokes' noted that “with the new regime came the end of parliamentary politics and political freedoms, including the right to organize political parties, and freedoms of speech and the press”. Liberal writer Tawfiq al-Hakim described Nasser as a "confused Sultan" who employed stirring rhetoric, but had no actual plan to achieve his stated goals.

2870:—the press center of the Arab world—bought out Lebanese media outlets to further disseminate Nasser's ideals. Egypt also expanded its policy of secondment, dispatching thousands of high-skilled Egyptian professionals (usually politically active teachers) across the region. Nasser also enjoyed the support of Arab nationalist civilian and paramilitary organizations throughout the region. His followers were numerous and well-funded, but lacked any permanent structure and organization. They called themselves " 2941: 1322: 1241: 6006: 3759:

political reforms in late February 1968. Nasser responded to the demonstrations, the most significant public challenge to his rule since workers' protests in March 1954, by removing most military figures from his cabinet and appointing eight civilians in place of several high-ranking members of the Arab Socialist Union (ASU). By 3 March, Nasser directed Egypt's intelligence apparatus to focus on external rather than domestic espionage, and declared the "fall of the

2371: 15433: 2642: 17363: 5646: 1837:, or an influential intermediary to promote his application above the others, Nasser managed to secure a meeting with Under-Secretary of War Ibrahim Khairy Pasha, the person responsible for the academy's selection board, and requested his help. Khairy Pasha agreed and sponsored Nasser's second application, which was accepted in late 1937. Nasser focused on his military career from then on, and had little contact with his family. At the academy, he met 2762:, overwhelmed Egyptian army posts, and quickly advanced to their objectives. Two days later, British and French planes bombarded Egyptian airfields in the canal zone. Nasser ordered the military's high command to withdraw the Egyptian Army from Sinai to bolster the canal's defenses. Moreover, he feared that if the armored corps was dispatched to confront the Israeli invading force and the British and French subsequently landed in the canal city of 841: 15185: 2973:, the Syrian military's record of intervention in politics, and the deep factionalism among Syria's political forces. However, in January 1958, a second Syrian delegation managed to convince Nasser of an impending communist takeover and a consequent slide to civil strife. Nasser subsequently opted for union, albeit on the condition that it would be a total political merger with him as its president, to which the delegates and Syrian president 4275: 1367: 1382: 4063:, major modernization projects such as the Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam, and nationalization schemes such as that of the Suez Canal. However, the marked economic growth of the early 1960s took a downturn for the remainder of the decade, only recovering in 1970. Egypt experienced a "golden age" of culture during Nasser's presidency, according to historian Joel Gordon, particularly in film, television, theater, radio, literature, 15296: 14775: 4124:

history since the fall of the Pharaonic state. There had been other projects ... But this was different—in origin, meaning and impact. For Nasser was a man of the Egyptian soil who had overthrown the Middle East's most established and sophisticated monarchy in a swift and bloodless move—to the acclaim of millions of poor, oppressed Egyptians—and ushered in a programme of 'social justice', 'progress and development', and 'dignity'.

20216: 2192:(RCC) with Naguib as chairman and Nasser as vice-chairman. Relations between the RCC and Maher grew tense, however, as the latter viewed many of Nasser's schemes—agrarian reform, abolition of the monarchy, reorganization of political parties—as too radical, culminating in Maher's resignation on 7 September. Naguib assumed the additional role of prime minister, and Nasser that of deputy prime minister. In September, the 15465: 2914:

hands. This effort achieved a measure of success, with increased agricultural production and investment in industrialization. Nasser initiated the Helwan steelworks, which subsequently became Egypt's largest enterprise, providing the country with product and tens of thousands of jobs. Nasser also decided to cooperate with the Soviet Union in the construction of the Aswan Dam to replace the withdrawal of US funds.

1353: 2071:" and advocated "little else but freedom and the restoration of their country's dignity". Nasser organized the Free Officers' founding committee, which eventually comprised fourteen men from different social and political backgrounds, including representation from Young Egypt, the Muslim Brotherhood, the Egyptian Communist Party, and the aristocracy. Nasser was unanimously elected chairman of the organization. 3486:. In late 1961, Nasser established the Presidential Council and decreed it the authority to approve all senior military appointments, instead of leaving this responsibility solely to Amer. Moreover, he instructed that the primary criterion for promotion should be merit and not personal loyalties. Nasser retracted the initiative after Amer's allies in the officers corps threatened to mobilize against him. 3226: 3036:. At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers. Khrushchev was reportedly taken aback and denied he had meant to interfere in the UAR's affairs. The matter was settled as both leaders sought to prevent a rift between their two countries. 1630:, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal service. It was in Alexandria that Nasser became involved in political activism. After witnessing clashes between protesters and police in Manshia Square, he joined the demonstration without being aware of its purpose. The protest, organized by the 3710: 5878:, (13 December 1949 – 15 September 2011). The most active politically. Said to have co-founded (with Egyptian diplomat Mahmud Nur Eddin) an organization called "the Revolution of Egypt," which was accused of assassinating Israeli members of the Shin Bet stationed in Egypt in the late 1980s. Khalid took refuge in Yugoslavia and was eventually pardoned by President Hosni Mubarek. 2725: 4223:, dismissed Nasser's popular appeal with the Egyptian masses during his presidency as being the product of successful manipulation and demagoguery. Egyptian political scientist Alaa al-Din Desouki blamed the 1952 revolution's shortcomings on Nasser's concentration of power, and Egypt's lack of democracy on Nasser's political style and his government's limitations on 2766:, Egyptian armor in the Sinai would be cut off from the canal and destroyed by the combined tripartite forces. Amer strongly disagreed, insisting that Egyptian tanks meet the Israelis in battle. The two had a heated exchange on 3 November, and Amer conceded. Nasser also ordered blockage of the canal by sinking or otherwise disabling forty-nine ships at its entrance. 20228: 3121:'s bodies were mutilated and dragged across Baghdad. Nasser recognized the new government and stated that "any attack on Iraq was tantamount to an attack on the UAR". On 15 July, US marines landed in Lebanon, and British special forces in Jordan, upon the request of those countries' governments to prevent them from falling to pro-Nasser forces. Nasser felt that the 2702:

the canal's nationalization that he gained near-total popular legitimacy and firmly established himself as the "charismatic leader" and "spokesman for the masses not only in Egypt, but all over the Third World". According to Aburish, this was Nasser's largest pan-Arab triumph at the time and "soon his pictures were to be found in the tents of Yemen, the souks of

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the rest of their lives. Nasser's entry into the officer corps in 1937 secured him relatively well-paid employment in a society where most people lived in poverty. Nasser and Tahia would sometimes discuss politics at home, but for the most part Nasser kept his career separate from his family life. He preferred to spend most of his free time with his children.

2245: 2241: 2682:, beginning on 21 July. The rest of the RCC's former members were informed of the decision on 24 July, while the bulk of the cabinet was unaware of the nationalization scheme until hours before Nasser publicly announced it. According to Ramadan, Nasser's decision to nationalize the canal was a solitary decision, taken without consultation. 10091:

tomorrow." After he came to power he gradually changed. He ceased consulting his colleagues and made more and more of the decisions himself. His tendencies in this regard may have been accentuated by diabetes, which Muhieddin said sometimes leads people to make rash decisions. That was the only rational explanation for his actions in 1967.

2243: 1849:. It was here that Nasser and his closest comrades, including Sadat and Amer, first discussed their dissatisfaction at widespread corruption in the country and their desire to topple the monarchy. Sadat would later write that because of his "energy, clear-thinking, and balanced judgement", Nasser emerged as the group's natural leader. 2790:(UNEF) to be stationed in Sinai. Nasser commended Eisenhower, stating he played the "greatest and most decisive role" in stopping the "tripartite conspiracy". By the end of December, British and French forces had totally withdrawn from Egyptian territory, while Israel completed its withdrawal in March 1957 and released all Egyptian 2947: 2945: 2942: 2946: 3915:, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6 p.m. at age 52. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. According to his doctor, al-Sawi Habibi, Nasser's likely cause of death was 2244: 3367:(NAM) in 1961. Its declared purpose was to solidify international non-alignment and promote world peace amid the Cold War, end colonization, and increase economic cooperation among developing countries. In 1964, Nasser was made president of the NAM and held the second conference of the organization in Cairo. 3008:—in place of total integration. While Nasser was in Syria, King Saud planned to have him assassinated on his return flight to Cairo. On 4 March, Nasser addressed the masses in Damascus and waved before them the Saudi check given to Syrian security chief and, unbeknownst to the Saudis, ardent Nasser supporter 3745:, which called for Israel's withdrawal from territories acquired in the war. His supporters claimed Nasser's move was meant to buy time to prepare for another confrontation with Israel, while his detractors believed his acceptance of the resolution signaled a waning interest in Palestinian independence. 5728:

Through his actions and speeches, and because he was able to symbolize the popular Arab will, Nasser inspired several nationalist revolutions in the Arab world. He defined the politics of his generation and communicated directly with the public masses of the Arab world, bypassing the various heads of

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Nasser's Egyptian detractors considered him a dictator who thwarted democratic progress, imprisoned thousands of dissidents, and led a repressive administration responsible for numerous human rights violations. Islamists in Egypt, particularly members of the politically persecuted Brotherhood, viewed

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Nasser was known for his accessibility and direct relationship with ordinary Egyptians. His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors. A skilled orator, Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970, a record for any Egyptian head

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On 11 July, Nasser replaced Amer with Mohamed Fawzi as general commander, over the protestations of Amer's loyalists in the military, 600 of whom marched on army headquarters and demanded Amer's reinstatement. After Nasser sacked thirty of the loyalists in response, Amer and his allies devised a plan

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that Nasser became aware of the situation's gravity. After hearing of the attack, he rushed to army headquarters to inquire about the military situation. The simmering conflict between Nasser and Amer subsequently came to the fore, and officers present reported the pair burst into "a nonstop shouting

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In October 1961, Nasser embarked on a major nationalization program for Egypt, believing the total adoption of socialism was the answer to his country's problems and would have prevented Syria's secession. In order to organize and solidify his popular base with Egypt's citizens and counter the army's

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in the same month, Egypt announced that it was ready to withdraw all its soldiers from North Yemen and it did so by the end of 1967. 26,000 Egyptian soldiers were killed during the intervention. Most of Nasser's old colleagues had questioned the wisdom of continuing the war, but Amer reassured Nasser

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With the establishment of the United Arab Republic, the United States under President Eisenhower attempted to build better relations and initiate a rapprochement between the two countries, contrasting with the previously cautious stance of the American government towards Nasser. In particular, Nasser

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proposed requesting a ceasefire, with Salem further recommending that Nasser surrender himself to British forces. Nasser berated Amer and Salem, and vowed, "Nobody is going to surrender." Nasser assumed military command. Despite the relative ease in which Sinai was occupied, Nasser's prestige at home

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as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Egypt on 2 May and was widely heralded in the press for his achievements and leadership in the conference. Consequently, Nasser's prestige

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in 1954 and 1965. He was known to be personally incorruptible, a characteristic which further enhanced his reputation among the citizens of Egypt and the Arab world. Nasser's personal hobbies included playing chess, photography, watching American films, reading Arabic, English, and French magazines,

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father and an Egyptian mother, both of whom had died when she was young. She had been introduced to Nasser through her brother, Abdel Hamid Kazim, a merchant friend of Nasser's, in 1943. After their wedding, the couple moved into a house in Manshiyat al-Bakri, a suburb of Cairo, where they lived for

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During the first four days of the war, the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory. On 9 June, Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt's citizens of their country's defeat. He announced his resignation on television later that day,

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I have taken a decision with which I need your help. I have decided to withdraw totally and for good from any official post or political role, and to return to the ranks of the masses, performing my duty in their midst, like any other citizen. This is a time for action, not grief. ... My whole heart

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to bolster his allies, but withdrew them two days later, citing a refusal to allow inter-Arab fighting. Addressing the UAR's breakup on 5 October, Nasser accepted personal responsibility and declared that Egypt would recognize an elected Syrian government. He privately blamed interference by hostile

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by May. The former sought to unite with the UAR, while the latter sought Lebanon's continued independence. Nasser delegated oversight of the issue to Sarraj, who provided limited aid to Nasser's Lebanese supporters through money, light arms, and officer training—short of the large-scale support that

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deteriorated in April when Hussein implicated Nasser in two coup attempts against him—although Nasser's involvement was never established—and dissolved al-Nabulsi's cabinet. Nasser subsequently slammed Hussein on Cairo radio as being "a tool of the imperialists". Relations with King Saud also became

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in Egypt and British control over the canal company's profits, and upheld that the Egyptian people had a right to sovereignty over the waterway, especially since "120,000 Egyptians had died building it". The motion was technically in breach of the international agreement he had signed with the UK on

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was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had failed in generating mass public

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On 25 February 1954, Naguib announced his resignation after the RCC held an official meeting without his presence two days prior. On 26 February, Nasser accepted the resignation, put Naguib under house arrest, and the RCC proclaimed Nasser as both RCC chairman and prime minister. As Naguib intended,

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gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd politicians began to surface, however, breeding an

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of state. Historian Elie Podeh wrote that a constant theme of Nasser's image was "his ability to represent Egyptian authenticity, in triumph or defeat". The national press also helped to foster his popularity and profile—more so after the nationalization of state media. Historian Tarek Osman wrote:

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Because of his ability to motivate nationalistic passions, "men, women, and children wept and wailed in the streets" after hearing of his death, according to Nutting. The general Arab reaction was one of mourning, with thousands of people pouring onto the streets of major cities throughout the Arab

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On 30 March, Nasser proclaimed a manifesto stipulating the restoration of civil liberties, greater parliamentary independence from the executive, major structural changes to the ASU, and a campaign to rid the government of corrupt elements. A public referendum approved the proposed measures in May,

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In early 1962 Nasser again attempted to wrest control of the military command from Amer. Amer responded by directly confronting Nasser for the first time and secretly rallying his loyalist officers. Nasser ultimately backed down, wary of a possible violent confrontation between the military and his

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the Syrian government on 8 March. On 14 March, the new Iraqi and Syrian governments sent Nasser delegations to push for a new Arab union. At the meeting, Nasser lambasted the Ba'athists for "facilitating" Syria's split from the UAR, and asserted that he was the "leader of the Arabs". A transitional

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The holy march on which the Arab nation insists, will carry us forward from one victory to another ... the flag of freedom which flies over Baghdad today will fly over Amman and Riyadh. Yes, the flag of freedom which flies over Cairo, Damascus, and Baghdad today will fly over the rest of the Middle

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and pledged to prevent the spread of communism and its perceived agents in the Middle East. Although Nasser was an opponent of communism in the region, his promotion of pan-Arabism was viewed as a threat by pro-Western states in the region. Eisenhower tried to isolate Nasser and reduce his regional

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It was at Port Said that Nasser saw a confrontation with the invading forces as being the strategic and psychological focal point of Egypt's defense. A third infantry battalion and hundreds of national guardsmen were sent to the city as reinforcements, while two regular companies were dispatched to

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The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly

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Nasser exchanged letters with his mother and visited her on holidays. He stopped receiving messages at the end of April 1926. Upon returning to Khatatba, he learned that his mother had died after giving birth to his third brother, Shawki, and that his family had kept the news from him. Nasser later

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Nasser told a German neo-Nazi newspaper in 1964 that "no person, not even the most simple one, takes seriously the lie of the six million Jews that were murdered ." However, he is not known to have ever again publicly called the figure of six million into question, perhaps because his advisors and

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Following the announcement of Nasser's death, most Arabs were in a state of shock. Nasser's funeral procession through Cairo on 1 October was attended by at least five million mourners. The 10-kilometer (6.2 mi) procession to his burial site began at the old RCC headquarters with a flyover by

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A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties. Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and Amer in

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After the fighting ended, Amer accused Nasser of provoking an unnecessary war and then blaming the military for the result. On 8 April, the canal was reopened, and Nasser's political position was enormously enhanced by the widely perceived failure of the invasion and attempt to topple him. British

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stated, "I cannot overemphasize popularity of the Canal Company nationalization within Egypt, even among Nasser's enemies." Egyptian political scientist Mahmoud Hamad wrote that, prior to 1956, Nasser had consolidated control over Egypt's military and civilian bureaucracies, but it was only after

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raids. Nasser did not feel that the Egyptian Army was ready for a confrontation and did not retaliate militarily. His failure to respond to Israeli military action demonstrated the ineffectiveness of his armed forces and constituted a blow to his growing popularity. Nasser subsequently ordered the

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When Naguib began showing signs of independence from Nasser by distancing himself from the RCC's land reform decrees and drawing closer to Egypt's established political forces, namely the Wafd and the Brotherhood, Nasser resolved to depose him. In June, Nasser took control of the interior ministry

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Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for

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regarding suspicions that he was forming a secret group of dissenting officers. According to secondhand reports, Nasser convincingly denied the allegations. Abdel Hadi was also hesitant to take drastic measures against the army, especially in front of its chief of staff, who was present during the

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While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970, the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser's life. According to political scientist Mahmoud Hamad, writing in 2008, "nostalgia for Nasser is easily

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Israel retaliated against Egyptian shelling with commando raids, artillery shelling and air strikes. This resulted in an exodus of civilians from Egyptian cities along the Suez Canal's western bank. Nasser ceased all military activities and began a program to build a network of internal defenses,

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Nasser appointed himself the additional roles of prime minister and supreme commander of the armed forces on 19 June 1967. Angry at the military court's perceived leniency with air force officers charged with negligence during the 1967 war, workers and students launched protests calling for major

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recognizing Egypt's right to control the canal as long as it continued to allow passage through it for foreign ships. According to Heikal, after this agreement, "Nasser estimated that the danger of invasion had dropped to 10 percent". Shortly thereafter, however, the UK, France, and Israel made a

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My countrymen, my blood spills for you and for Egypt. I will live for your sake and die for the sake of your freedom and honor. Let them kill me; it does not concern me so long as I have instilled pride, honor, and freedom in you. If Gamal Abdel Nasser should die, each of you shall be Gamal Abdel

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in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brotherhood's influence over his cadres' activities without severing ties with the organization. Nasser was sent as a member of the Egyptian

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The interplay in the Nasser 'phenomenon' between genuine expression of popular feeling and state-sponsored propaganda may sometimes be hard to disentangle. But behind it lies a vital historical fact: that Gamal Abdel Nasser signifies the only truly Egyptian developmental project in the country's

3774:

Nasser appointed Sadat and Hussein el-Shafei as his vice presidents in December 1969. By then, relations with his other original military comrades, namely Khaled and Zakaria Mohieddin and former vice president Sabri, had become strained. By mid-1970, Nasser pondered replacing Sadat with Boghdadi

3249:

overthrew Imam Badr of North Yemen on 27 September 1962. Al-Badr and his tribal partisans began receiving increasing support from Saudi Arabia to help reinstate the kingdom, while Nasser subsequently accepted a request by Sallal to militarily aid the new government on 30 September. Consequently,

2913:

industries. When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his economic development organization. He stopped short of total government control: two-thirds of the economy was still in private

3740:

The Soviet Union soon resupplied the Egyptian military with about half of its former arsenals and broke diplomatic relations with Israel. Nasser cut relations with the US following the war, and, according to Aburish, his policy of "playing the superpowers against each other" ended. In November,

3550:

to a second term as UAR president and took his oath on 25 March 1965. He was the only candidate for the position, with virtually all of his political opponents forbidden by law from running for office, and his fellow party members reduced to mere followers. That same year, Nasser had the Muslim

2944: 2741:

France and the UK, the largest shareholders in the Suez Canal Company, saw its nationalization as yet another hostile measure aimed at them by the Egyptian government. Nasser was aware that the canal's nationalization would instigate an international crisis and believed the prospect of military

2323:

On 26 October 1954, Muslim Brotherhood member Mahmoud Abdel-Latif attempted to assassinate Nasser while he was delivering a speech in Alexandria, broadcast to the Arab world by radio, to celebrate the British military withdrawal. The gunman was 25 feet (7.6 m) away from him and fired eight

1971:

hosted a public celebration for the officers' return despite reservations from the royal government, which had been pressured by the British to prevent the reception. The apparent difference in attitude between the government and the general public increased Nasser's determination to topple the

1923:

withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Israel, with Nasser serving as a staff officer of the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian

3173:

backed by UAR authorities. Nasser had considered dispatching troops to aid his Iraqi sympathizers, but decided against it. He clamped down on Egyptian communist activity due to the key backing Iraqi communists provided Qasim. Several influential communists were arrested, including Nasser's old

2677:

asserts that Nasser made the final decision to nationalize the company that operated the waterway between 19 and 20 July. Nasser himself would later state that he decided on 23 July, after studying the issue and deliberating with some of his advisers from the dissolved RCC, namely Boghdadi and

2247: 2246: 2094:

by which the United Kingdom had the right to maintain its military forces in the Suez Canal Zone. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser decided to wage "a large scale

3593:

considered the warnings to be "baseless". According to Kandil, without Nasser's authorization, Amer used the Soviet warnings as a pretext to dispatch troops to Sinai on 14 May, and Nasser subsequently demanded UNEF's withdrawal. Earlier that day, Nasser received a warning from King Hussein of

3181:

By December, the political situation in Syria was faltering and Nasser responded by appointing Amer as governor-general alongside Sarraj. Syria's leaders opposed the appointment and many resigned from their government posts. Nasser later met with the opposition leaders and in a heated moment,

10090:

Zakaria Muhieddin...was vice president) of Nasser)...All of this was out of character. In the early days of the revolution Nasser had been the most cautious member of the RCC; that was why he was its leader. He was forever saying, after they had taken a decision, "Let's think this over until

3530:

Nasser also attempted to maintain oversight of the country's civil service to prevent it from inflating and consequently becoming a burden to the state. New laws provided workers with a minimum wage, profit shares, free education, free health care, reduced working hours, and encouragement to

3370:

Nasser played a significant part in the strengthening of African solidarity in the late 1950s and early 1960s, although his continental leadership role had increasingly passed to Algeria since 1962. During this period, Nasser made Egypt a refuge for anti-colonial leaders from several African

2279:

On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in

3982:, and Nasser is God's beloved... Each of us is Nasser." Police unsuccessfully attempted to quell the crowds and, as a result, most of the foreign dignitaries were evacuated. The final destination was the Nasr Mosque, which was afterwards renamed Abdel Nasser Mosque, where Nasser was buried. 2602:

participation. In the new movement, Nasser attempted to incorporate more citizens, approved by local-level party committees, in order to solidify popular backing for his government. The NU would select a nominee for the presidential election whose name would be provided for public approval.

5729:

states of those countries—an accomplishment not repeated by other Arab leaders. The extent of Nasser's centrality in the region made it a priority for incoming Arab nationalist heads of state to seek good relations with Egypt, in order to gain popular legitimacy from their own citizens.

4051:

However, these advances came at the expense of civil liberties. In Nasser's Egypt, the media were tightly controlled, mail was opened, and telephones were wiretapped. He was elected in 1956, 1958 and 1965 in plebiscites in which he was the sole candidate, each time claiming unanimous or

2949: 2948: 2103:

by firing their submachine guns at his car as he drove through the streets of Cairo. Instead of killing the general, the attackers wounded an innocent female passerby. Nasser recalled that her wails "haunted" him and firmly dissuaded him from undertaking similar actions in the future.

1828:, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of "dignity, glory, and freedom" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority. 1799:, in which al-Hakim wrote that the Egyptian people were only in need of a "man in whom all their feelings and desires will be represented, and who will be for them a symbol of their objective". Nasser later credited the novel as his inspiration to launch the coup d'état that began the 2168:

and British influence in Egypt. In May, Nasser received word that Farouk knew the names of the Free Officers and intended to arrest them; he immediately entrusted Free Officer Zakaria Mohieddin with the task of planning the government takeover by army units loyal to the association.

5744:, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the name of Nasser's pan-Arabism. Other coups influenced by Nasser included those that occurred in Iraq in July 1958 and Syria in 1963. Muammar Gaddafi, who overthrew the 3531:

participate in management. Land reforms guaranteed the security of tenant farmers, promoted agricultural growth, and reduced rural poverty. As a result of the 1962 measures, government ownership of Egyptian business reached 51 percent, and the National Union was renamed the

7154: 1673:

Nasser's involvement in political activity increased throughout his school years, such that he only attended 45 days of classes during his last year of secondary school. Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the

2742:

intervention by the two countries was 80 percent likely. Nasser dismissed their claims, and believed that the UK would not be able to intervene militarily for at least two months after the announcement, and dismissed Israeli action as "impossible". In early October, the

11839:

President Nasser of Egypt in a notorious interview with the editor of the neo-Nazi Deutsche Soldaten und National Zeitung, published on 1 May 1964, insisted that No one, not even the simplest man in our country, takes seriously the lie about six million Jews who were

2775:

and among Arabs was undamaged. To counterbalance the Egyptian Army's dismal performance, Nasser authorized the distribution of about 400,000 rifles to civilian volunteers and hundreds of militias were formed throughout Egypt, many led by Nasser's political opponents.

2087:, "nobody knew all of them and where they belonged in the hierarchy except Nasser". Nasser felt that the Free Officers were not ready to move against the government and, for nearly two years, he did little beyond officer recruitment and underground news bulletins. 4239:

officer known for his close personal relationship with Nasser, said that the barriers between Nasser and the outside world have grown so thick that all but the information that attest to his infallibility, indispensability, and immortality has been filtered out.

2860:

had become the dominant ideology in the Arab world, and the average Arab citizen considered Nasser their undisputed leader. Historian Adeed Dawisha credited Nasser's status to his "charisma, bolstered by his perceived victory in the Suez Crisis". The Cairo-based

2729: 2346:, was commuted to a 15-year imprisonment. Naguib was removed from the presidency and put under house arrest, but was never tried or sentenced, and no one in the army rose to defend him. With his rivals neutralized, Nasser became the undisputed leader of Egypt. 2366:

terms such "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation" frequently began appearing in his speeches in 1954–55, whereas prior he would refer to the Arab "peoples" or the "Arab region". In January 1955, the RCC appointed him as their president, pending national elections.

3137:

to oversee developments in Syria. By moving the latter two, who were Ba'athists, to Cairo, he neutralized important political figures who had their own ideas about how Syria should be run. He put Syria under Sarraj, who effectively reduced the province to a

2727: 5912:. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had 2255:

In January 1953, Nasser overcame opposition from Naguib and banned all political parties, creating a one-party system under the Liberation Rally, a loosely structured movement whose chief task was to organize pro-RCC rallies and lectures, with Nasser its

2968:

As political instability grew in Syria, delegations from the country were sent to Nasser demanding immediate unification with Egypt. Nasser initially turned down the request, citing the two countries' incompatible political and economic systems, lack of

2730: 2112:, a popular general who had offered his resignation to Farouk in 1942 over British high-handedness and was wounded three times in the Palestine War. Naguib won overwhelmingly and the Free Officers, through their connection with a leading Egyptian daily, 1856:, Sudan, which was part of Egypt at the time. Nasser returned to Egypt in September 1942 after a brief stay in Sudan, then secured a position as an instructor in the Cairo Royal Military Academy in May 1943. In February 1942, in what became known as the 2981:(UAR) was proclaimed and, according to Dawisha, the Arab world reacted in "stunned amazement, which quickly turned into uncontrolled euphoria." Nasser ordered a crackdown against Syrian communists, dismissing many of them from their governmental posts. 3931:

with a family history of heart disease—two of his brothers died in their fifties from the same condition. The state of Nasser's health was not known to the public prior to his death. He had previously suffered heart attacks in 1966 and September 1969.

2652:

After the three-year transition period ended with Nasser's official assumption of power, his domestic and independent foreign policies increasingly collided with the regional interests of the UK and France. The latter condemned his strong support for

3201:

On 28 September 1961, secessionist army units launched a coup in Damascus, declaring Syria's secession from the UAR. In response, pro-union army units in northern Syria revolted and pro-Nasser protests occurred in major Syrian cities. Nasser sent

2865:

radio station spread Nasser's ideas of united Arab action throughout the Arabic-speaking world, so much so that historian Eugene Rogan wrote, "Nasser conquered the Arab world by radio." Lebanese sympathizers of Nasser and the Egyptian embassy in

3415:

In 1961, Nasser sought to firmly establish Egypt as the leader of the Arab world and to promote a second revolution in Egypt with the purpose of merging Islamic and socialist thinking. To achieve this, he initiated several reforms to modernize

1724:. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933, when he lived near the 1652:

When his father was transferred to Cairo in 1933, Nasser joined him and attended al-Nahda al-Masria school. He took up acting in school plays for a brief period and wrote articles for the school's paper, including a piece on French philosopher

3670:, who became foreign minister during Sadat's presidency, the Israeli invasion and Egypt's consequent defeat was a result of Nasser's dismissal of all rational analysis of the situation and his undertaking of a series of irrational decisions. 4052:

near-unanimous support. With few exceptions, the legislature did little more than approve Nasser's policies. As the legislature was made up almost entirely of government supporters, Nasser effectively held all governing power in the nation.

3703:

Hundreds of thousands of sympathizers poured into the streets in mass demonstrations throughout Egypt and across the Arab world rejecting his resignation, chanting, "We are your soldiers, Gamal!" Nasser retracted his decision the next day.

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that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration. Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet. The incident garnered his first mention in the press: the nationalist newspaper

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class while leaving the day-to-day tasks of government to civilians. They asked former prime minister Ali Maher to accept reappointment to his previous position, and to form an all-civilian cabinet. The Free Officers then governed as the

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Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's

2929: 2524:

Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the

2449:, the balance of power between Egypt and Israel was more or less equalized and Nasser's role as the Arab leader defying the West was enhanced. The arms deal led to increased unease in the United States, where Nasser was compared to 2728: 2428:

and "perpetuate subservience to Zionism and imperialism". Nasser felt that if he was to maintain Egypt's regional leadership position he needed to acquire modern weaponry to arm his military. When it became apparent to him that

2706:, and the posh villas of Syria". The official reason given for the nationalization was that funds from the canal would be used for the construction of the dam in Aswan. That same day, Egypt closed the canal to Israeli shipping. 6450: 4055:

By the end of his presidency, employment and working conditions improved considerably, although poverty was still high in the country and substantial resources allocated for social welfare had been diverted to the war effort.

4174:

in Egypt, photographs of Nasser were raised in Cairo and Arab capitals during anti-government demonstrations. According to journalist Lamis Andoni, Nasser had become a "symbol of Arab dignity" during the mass demonstrations.

3666:

match". The Supreme Executive Committee, set up by Nasser to oversee the conduct of the war, attributed the repeated Egyptian defeats to the Nasser–Amer rivalry and Amer's overall incompetence. According to Egyptian diplomat

2673:, and took great offense. Although ideas for nationalizing the Suez Canal Company were in the offing after the UK agreed to withdraw its military from Egypt in 1954 (the last British troops left on 13 June 1956), journalist 2394:

Nasser made secret contacts with Israel in 1954–55, but determined that peace with Israel would be impossible, considering it an "expansionist state that viewed the Arabs with disdain". On 28 February 1955, Israeli troops

2242: 1564:, and the dominance of the military over civil institutions that characterised his tenure, establishing a pattern of military and dictatorial rule in Egypt which has persisted, nearly uninterrupted, to the present day. 1963:

found with the soldiers were, Nasser told him that he "now understands their courageous stand". During an interview on Israeli TV in 1971, Rabbi Goren claimed the two agreed to meet again when the time of peace comes.

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writes that despite his mistakes and shortcomings, Nasser "imparted a sense of personal worth and national pride that had not known for 400 years. This alone may have been enough to balance his flaws and failures."

2362:, the leading Arab singers of the era, performed songs praising Nasser's nationalism. Others produced plays denigrating his political opponents. According to his associates, Nasser orchestrated the campaign himself. 4194:

Sadat declared his intention to "continue the path of Nasser" in his 7 October 1970 presidential inauguration speech, but began to depart from Nasserist policies as his domestic position improved following the 1973

1678:

because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country. Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his

1649:, for a brief period in 1934. His association with the group and active role in student demonstrations during this period "imbued him with a fierce Egyptian nationalism", according to the historian James Jankowski. 3254:, with 60,000 Egyptian soldiers deployed in North Yemen in March 1966. In August 1967, in order to make up for Egyptian losses during the Six-Day War, Nasser recalled 15,000 troops from North Yemen. As part of the 2943: 2931: 2769:

Despite the commanded withdrawal of Egyptian troops, about 2,000 Egyptian soldiers were killed during engagement with Israeli forces, and some 5,000 Egyptian soldiers were captured by the Israeli Army. Amer and

4203:

policy sought to open Egypt's economy for private investment. According to Heikal, ensuing anti-Nasser developments until the present day led to an Egypt " at war with Abdel-Nasser, half with Anwar El-Sadat".

3294:

unity agreement stipulating a federal system was signed by the parties on 17 April and the new union was set to be established in May 1965. However, the agreement fell apart weeks later when Syria's Ba'athists

2593:

With his domestic position considerably strengthened, Nasser was able to secure primacy over his RCC colleagues and gained relatively unchallenged decision-making authority, particularly over foreign policy.

3441:

Nasser instructed al-Azhar to create changes in its syllabus that trickled to the lower levels of Egyptian education, consequently allowing the establishment of coeducational schools and the introduction of

3125:

left the road for pan-Arab unity unblocked. On 19 July, for the first time, he declared that he was opting for full Arab union, although he had no plan to merge Iraq with the UAR. While most members of the

2665:

alienated the United States. On 19 July 1956, the US and UK abruptly withdrew their offer to finance construction of the Aswan Dam, citing concerns that Egypt's economy would be overwhelmed by the project.

1823:

In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at

3728:

in Khartoum, Nasser's usual commanding position had receded as the attending heads of state expected Saudi King Faisal to lead. A ceasefire in the Yemen War was declared and the summit concluded with the

10717:

In dozens of speeches and statements, Nasser posited the equation that any direct peace talks with Israel were tantamount to surrender. His efforts to forestall any movement toward direct negotiations...

2423:

was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the

3211:

Arab governments. According to Heikal, Nasser suffered something resembling a nervous breakdown after the dissolution of the union; he began to smoke more heavily and his health began to deteriorate.

3146:

in September 1958, relations between Lebanon and the UAR improved considerably. On 25 March 1959, Chehab and Nasser met at the Lebanese–Syrian border and compromised on an end to the Lebanese crisis.

3082:

between the rebels in the interior of Oman against the British-backed Sultanate of Oman prompted Nasser to support the rebels in what was considered a war against colonialism between 1954 and 1959.

2342:

members of the Brotherhood, but also communists, and the dismissal of 140 officers loyal to Naguib. Eight Brotherhood leaders were sentenced to death, although the sentence of its chief ideologue,

3371:

countries and allowed the broadcast of anti-colonial propaganda from Cairo. Beginning in 1958, Nasser had a key role in the discussions among African leaders that led to the establishment of the

3270:

of France. As a staunch political and financial supporter of the Algerian independence movement, Nasser considered the country's independence to be a personal victory. Amid these developments, a

2083:

atmosphere of rumor and suspicion that consequently brought the Free Officers to the forefront of Egyptian politics. By then, the organization had expanded to around ninety members. According to

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titled "Voltaire, the Man of Freedom". On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister

4166:

wrote in July 2013, "Nasser's heyday still represents, for many, the last time that Egypt felt united under leaders whose espoused principles met the needs of ordinary Egyptians." During the

2324:

shots, but all missed Nasser. Panic broke out in the mass audience, but Nasser maintained his posture and raised his voice to appeal for calm. With great emotion he exclaimed the following:

3048:, which conflicted with Nasser's pan-Arab nationalism. However, due to major ideological differences, no significant long-term working relationship developed between Nasser and Eisenhower. 1623:

stated that "losing her this way was a shock so deep that time failed to remedy". He adored his mother and the injury of her death deepened when his father remarried before the year's end.

4004:, a former political prisoner and later member Nasser's ASU, said that "Nasser's greatest achievement was his funeral. The world will never again see five million people crying together." 2172:

The Free Officers' intention was not to install themselves in government, but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy. Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a

5966: 6389: 2059:. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister 18739: 6456: 5697:

to distribute antisemitic propaganda. He is, however, thought to have been more moderate in that regard than contemporary political powers like Young Egypt or the Muslim Brotherhood.

2726: 2697:

The nationalization announcement was greeted very emotionally by the audience and, throughout the Arab world, thousands entered the streets shouting slogans of support. US ambassador

3646:. The next day, Amer ordered the immediate withdrawal of Egyptian troops from Sinai—causing the majority of Egyptian casualties during the war. Israel quickly captured Sinai and the 20459: 1845:, both of whom became important aides during his presidency. After graduating from the academy in July 1938, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry, and posted to 14625: 3642:

struck Egyptian air fields, destroying much of the Egyptian Air Force. Before the day ended, Israeli armored units had cut through Egyptian defense lines and captured the town of

1615:, where Nasser's father ran a post office. Nasser attended a primary school for the children of railway employees until 1924, when he was sent to live with his paternal uncle in 1517:

of 1967, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the

3767:

and held subsequent elections for the Supreme Executive Committee, the ASU's highest decision-making body. Observers noted that the declaration signaled an important shift from

14393:

McAlexander, Richard J., “Couscous Mussolini: US Perceptions of Gamal Abdel Nasser, the 1958 Intervention in Lebanon and the Origins of the U.S.-Israeli Special Relationship,”

2505:

in late April 1955, Nasser was treated as the leading representative of the Arab countries and was one of the most popular figures at the summit. He had paid earlier visits to

3547: 3012:

to shoot down Nasser's plane. As a consequence of Saud's plot, he was forced by senior members of the Saudi royal family to informally cede most of his powers to his brother,

2310: 1510: 1160: 5693:. He believed that the Jews greatly influenced the global financial market and that they ultimately strove for world domination. Nasser also hired former Nazi officials like 1928:(commanded by Said Taha Bey nicknamed the "Sudanese tiger" by the Israelis). On 12 July, he was lightly wounded in the fighting. By August, his brigade was surrounded by the 20074: 3944:

pulled by six horses and led by a column of cavalrymen. All Arab heads of state attended, with the exception of Saudi King Faisal. King Hussein and Arafat cried openly, and

3142:

by imprisoning and exiling landholders who objected to the introduction of Egyptian agricultural reform in Syria, as well as communists. Following the Lebanese election of

2251:

Nasser laughing at the Muslim Brotherhood for suggesting in 1953 that women should be required to wear the hijab and that Islamic law should be enforced across the country.

4078:(ADNP). The party carried minor political influence, and splits between its members beginning in 1995 resulted in the gradual establishment of splinter parties, including 2264:. Although outvoted, he still advocated holding elections by 1956. In March 1953, Nasser led the Egyptian delegation negotiating a British withdrawal from the Suez Canal. 1626:

In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in

1407: 1205: 2405: 1948:, the defenders of Faluja, "including young army officer Gamal Abdel Nasser, became national heroes" for enduring Israeli bombardment while isolated from their command. 9217: 2661:

was agitated by Nasser's campaign against the Baghdad Pact. In addition, Nasser's adherence to neutralism regarding the Cold War, recognition of communist China, and

20369: 4626: 4145:, augmented nostalgia for Nasser's presidency, which increasingly became associated with the ideals of national purpose, hope, social cohesion, and vibrant culture. 3004:

of North Yemen was dispatched to Damascus with proposals to include his country in the new republic. Nasser agreed to establish a loose federal union with Yemen—the

2183:. According to Aburish, after assuming power, Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the "guardians of the people's interests" against the monarchy and the 14417:Šćepanović, Janko. "Unwanted Conflict? The Analysis of the Impact of Misperception, Beliefs and Psychology of President Nasser at the Outbreak of the Six Day War." 4190:(left) and Nasser in the National Assembly, 1964. Sadat succeeded Nasser as president in 1970 and significantly departed from Nasser's policies throughout his rule. 20464: 20404: 14725: 1200: 1130: 3783: 12370: 2965:. Nasser sent a contingent force to Syria as a symbolic display of solidarity, further elevating his prestige in the Arab world, and particularly among Syrians. 1959:

and Nasser personally accompanied him, ordering the Egyptian soldiers to stand at attention. They spoke briefly, and according to Goren, after learning what the

1604:

wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs".

1135: 1115: 1105: 4040:. During his presidency, ordinary citizens enjoyed unprecedented access to housing, education, jobs, health services and nourishment, as well as other forms of 4703: 1145: 1140: 1125: 1120: 1110: 1100: 18925: 4564: 549: 5687:

East German contacts had advised him on the subject. Nasser, convinced of its authenticity, also encouraged the distribution of the antisemitic fabrication

18356: 15949: 14618: 4856: 2337:

Nasser greeted by crowds in Alexandria one day after his announcement of the British withdrawal and the assassination attempt against him, 27 October 1954.

1916:. Nasser met with and impressed al-Husayni, but was ultimately refused entry to the AHC's forces by the Egyptian government for reasons that were unclear. 8594: 7876: 3078:

Chamoun alleged. Nasser did not covet Lebanon, seeing it as a "special case", but sought to prevent Chamoun from a second presidential term. In Oman, the

2836:

The signing of the regional defense pact between Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Jordan, January 1957. At the forefront, from left right: Prime Minister

18404: 17122: 15284: 5819:, the films marked the first biographical movies about contemporary public figures produced in the Arab world. He is portrayed by Amir Boutrous in the 3994:

chanting, "Nasser will never die." As a testament to his unchallenged leadership of the Arab people, following his death, the headline of the Lebanese

14180: 20304: 8619: 3831:

to reclaim territory captured by Israel, ordering attacks against Israeli positions east of the then-blockaded Suez Canal. In March, Nasser offered

20059: 19586: 18336: 15958: 7877:"Couscous Mussolini: US perceptions of Gamal Abdel Nasser, the 1958 intervention in Lebanon and the origins of the US–Israeli special relationship" 6435: 2932: 2260:. Despite the dissolution order, Nasser was the only RCC member who still favored holding parliamentary elections, according to his fellow officer 15262: 11574: 3490:

civilian government. According to Boghdadi, the stress caused by the UAR's collapse and Amer's increasing autonomy forced Nasser, who already had

20324: 17903: 14611: 4974: 4861: 4148:

Until the present day, Nasser serves as an iconic figure throughout the Arab world, a symbol of Arab unity and dignity, and a towering figure in

4114:

Nasser speaking to a homeless Egyptian man and offering him a job, after the man was found sleeping below the stage where Nasser was seated, 1959

2794:. As a result of the Suez Crisis, Nasser brought in a set of regulations imposing rigorous requirements for residency and citizenship as well as 14451:. Bibliotheca Alexandrina and the Gamal Abdel Nasser Foundation. 8 October 2012. An archive of speeches, photos and documents related to Nasser. 3000:

On a surprise visit to Damascus to celebrate the union on 24 February, Nasser was welcomed by crowds in the hundreds of thousands. Crown Prince

2882:

influence by attempting to transform King Saud into a counterweight. Also in January, the elected Jordanian prime minister and Nasser supporter

1645:. Nasser was arrested and detained for a night before his father bailed him out. Nasser joined the paramilitary wing of the group, known as the 20279: 20145: 17654: 17463: 16332: 12341: 10876: 5673: 5569: 3742: 2747: 1646: 5804:. The film set the Egyptian box office record at the time, and focused on Nasser during the Suez Crisis. It is also considered a milestone in 3295: 1972:

monarchy. Nasser had also felt bitter that his brigade had not been relieved despite the resilience it displayed. He started writing his book

17152: 16599: 14899: 14763: 14741: 14730: 14715: 14572: 14181:"Nasser's Educators and Agitators across al-Watan al-'Arabi: Tracing the Foreign Policy Importance of Egyptian Regional Migration, 1952–1967" 5756:(ANM) helped spread Nasser's pan-Arabist ideas throughout the Arab world, particularly among the Palestinians, Syrians, and Lebanese, and in 3898: 2909:

By the end of 1957, Nasser nationalized all remaining British and French assets in Egypt, including the tobacco, cement, pharmaceutical, and

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was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted

1979:

After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the

1195: 20434: 20135: 11966: 8355: 6388:

Jenkins, Loren; article, Washington Post Foreign Service; Washington Post correspondent Edward Cody contributed to this (11 October 1981).

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Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's

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attacks on British forces occupying the Suez Canal Zone, some 7,000 British soldiers attacked the main police station in the Canal city

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were tantamount to surrender. Following Nasser's acceptance, Israel agreed to a ceasefire and Nasser used the lull in fighting to move

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for six weeks after the second episode. State media reported that Nasser's absence from the public view at that time was a result of

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Meanwhile, tensions in Jordan between an increasingly autonomous PLO and King Hussein's government had been simmering; following the

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James, Laura M. (2008), "When Did Nasser Expect War? The Suez Nationalization and its Aftermath in Egypt", in Simon C. Smith (ed.),

1525:, began a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 20334: 20140: 18173: 17232: 17162: 17127: 15942: 12478: 12396: 3352: 2565: 11174: 1868:, whom the United Kingdom government felt would be more sympathetic to their war effort against the Axis. The British Ambassador, 20414: 20399: 19576: 18220: 17092: 2533:. At Bandung, Nasser sought a proclamation for the avoidance of international defense alliances, support for the independence of 5736:

system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia,

4760: 1600:. His parents had married in 1917. Nasser had two brothers, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and 20384: 20069: 18341: 16604: 15277: 14634: 6073: 5554: 2300: 2189: 1951:

Still stationed after the war in the Faluja enclave, Nasser agreed to an Israeli request to identify 67 killed soldiers of the

1725: 1414: 1304: 9077:"Building a Model While Debunking Another: The Rivalry of Arab Nationalism between 'Abd al-Karim Qasim and Gamal Abdel Nasser" 5884:

Abd al-Hakim, b. 1955. Appears regularly in Egyptian and regional media, heads the museum dedicated to the life of his father.

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were imprisoned, including dozens of military officers. Nasser's tilt toward a Soviet-style system led his aides Boghdadi and

3130:(RCC) favored Iraqi-UAR unity, Qasim sought to keep Iraq independent and resented Nasser's large popular base in the country. 1190: 20064: 17999: 17686: 17664: 14407:

Salem, Sara. "Four Women of Egypt: Memory, Geopolitics, and the Egyptian Women's Movement during the Nasser and Sadat Eras."

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was launched to rout out PLO forces. The offensive elevated risks of a regional war and prompted Nasser to hold an emergency

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while receiving the financial backing of various Arab states. The war resumed in March 1969. In November, Nasser brokered an

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In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria, although Chief of Staff

2719: 2557:. He succeeded in lobbying the attendees to pass resolutions on each of these issues, notably securing the strong support of 1658: 19087: 16730: 1548:

also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and the launching of large industrial projects, including the

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A History of Social Justice and Political Power in the Middle East: The Circle of Justice From Mesopotamia to Globalization

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was put into effect. In Nasser's eyes, this law gave the RCC its own identity and transformed the coup into a revolution.

1992:

with Israel, and reportedly considered the terms to be humiliating, particularly because the Israelis were able to easily

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comprising the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Nasser effectively ceded his leadership of the "Palestine issue" to Arafat.

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antagonistic as the latter began to fear that Nasser's increasing popularity in Saudi Arabia was a genuine threat to the

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Nasser was informed of the British–American withdrawal in a news statement while aboard a plane returning to Cairo from

1791:, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview. He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer 20439: 20193: 19546: 18641: 17619: 17504: 17458: 17453: 17399: 17082: 16325: 14227: 13131: 12749: 12727: 12702: 12658: 6053: 5666: 5579: 5166: 4750: 4537: 4505: 4483: 4443: 4341: 3478:

Following Syria's secession, Nasser grew concerned with Amer's inability to train and modernize the army, and with the

2783: 1292: 8236: 4094:, a major opposition force during Mubarak's rule. On 19 September 2012, four Nasserist parties (the ADNP, Karama, the 2957:

Despite his popularity with the people of the Arab world, by mid-1957 his only regional ally was Syria. In September,

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exclaimed that he was the elected president of the UAR and those who did not accept his authority could "walk away".

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interrogation, and subsequently released Nasser. The interrogation pushed Nasser to speed up his group's activities.

2028: 864: 179: 17849: 4067:, comedy, poetry, and music. Egypt under Nasser dominated the Arab world in these fields, producing cultural icons. 2517:

on the way to Bandung, and previously cemented a treaty of friendship with India in Cairo on 6 April, strengthening

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On 21 May, Amer asked Nasser to order the Straits of Tiran blockaded, a move Nasser believed Israel would use as a

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as a means to fund the Aswan Dam project in light of the British–American withdrawal. In the speech, he denounced

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Almost immediately after the procession began, mourners engulfed Nasser's coffin chanting, "There is no God but

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Land, Poverty and Livelihoods in an Era of Globalization: Perspectives from Developing and Transition Countries

12256:"Syrian History - Gamal Abdul Nasser during the union years, practicing his favorite hobby: photography - 1960" 8598: 6046: 5241: 5231: 4891: 4819: 4599: 4493: 2787: 2474: 2068: 2044: 2014: 1857: 1430:(15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second 1038: 18801: 18531: 18042: 17814: 14771: 13342:

The Cairo Documents: The Inside Story of Nasser and His Relationship with World Leaders, Rebels, and Statesmen

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in 1969, considered Nasser his hero and sought to succeed him as "leader of the Arabs". Also in 1969, Colonel

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Israeli TV, "Such a Life" 1971, interviewing Rabbi Shlomo Goren along with witnesses to the event (in Hebrew)

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of North Yemen (center) and Shukri al-Quwatli (right), February 1958. North Yemen joined the UAR to form the

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sensed in Egypt and all Arab countries today". General malaise in Egyptian society, particularly during the

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Nasser ... Gamal Abdel Nasser is of you and from you and he is willing to sacrifice his life for the nation.

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In the fall of 1958, Nasser formed a tripartite committee consisting of Zakaria Mohieddin, al-Hawrani, and

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of their coming victory. Nasser later remarked in 1968 that intervention in Yemen was a "miscalculation".

3161:

Relations between Nasser and Qasim grew increasingly bitter on 9 March, after Qasim's forces suppressed a

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In Lebanon, clashes between pro-Nasser factions and supporters of staunch Nasser opponent, then-President

1860:, British soldiers and tanks surrounded King Farouk's palace to compel the King to dismiss Prime Minister 1501:

cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries, but he became embroiled in the

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The rise of the Egyptian middle class: socio-economic mobility and public discontent from Nasser to Sadat

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is with you, and let your hearts be with me. May God be with us—hope, light, and guidance in our hearts.

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overthrew the Iraqi monarchy and, the next day, Iraqi prime minister and Nasser's chief Arab antagonist,

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Gordon, Joel (2000), "Nasser 56/Cairo 96: Reimaging Egypt's Lost Community", in Walter Armbrust (ed.),

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The Limits of Detente: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Arab–Israeli Conflict, 1969–1973

10886: 5790:, considered a hero in the Arab world, and Nasser and his pan-Arabist policies. Nasser is played by 2315:

Sound recording of 1954 assassination attempt on Nasser while he was addressing a crowd in Manshia,

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Nasser's Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power

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Nasser and his family in Manshiyat al-Bakri, 1963. From left to right, his daughter Mona, his wife

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as the first film to dramatize the role of a modern-day Arab leader. Together with the 1999 Syrian

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On 18 June 1953, the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared, with Naguib as its

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Hollywood in the Holy Land: Essays on Film Depictions of the Crusades and Christian-Muslim Clashes

1513:

after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the

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Preceding the reform law, in August 1952, communist-led riots broke out at textile factories in

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McNamara, Robert. "The Nasser factor: Anglo-Egyptian relations and Yemen/Aden crisis 1962–65."

6627: 5917: 5782: 5764:, and Iraq. While many regional heads of state tried to emulate Nasser, Podeh opined that the " 5549: 5512: 5081: 4698: 4693: 4527: 4522: 4478: 4433: 4411: 4406: 4386: 4099: 3871: 3852: 3619: 3170: 3013: 2478: 2354:

by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "sedition". Both

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and Egypt finally resulted in the ceding of Faluja to Israel. According to veteran journalist

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reported that Nasser led the protest and was among the wounded. On 12 December, the new king,

1533:

drew five to six million mourners, and prompted an outpouring of grief across the Arab world.

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Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary

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Although he was a proponent of secular politics, Nasser was an observant Muslim who made the

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in Iraq led by a Ba'athist–Nasserist alliance toppled Qasim, who was subsequently shot dead.

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Nasser's regional position changed unexpectedly when Yemeni officers led by Nasser supporter

3220: 3117:, was killed. The entire Iraqi royal family was killed, and Al-Said's and Iraqi crown prince 2970: 2962: 2396: 1909: 1873: 1502: 1400: 1085: 1033: 882: 197: 3843:

that month. He also advised Arafat to think of peace with Israel and the establishment of a

3678: 3527:, greater women's rights and a family planning program, as well as widening the Suez Canal. 2752: 2737:

reporting Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and both domestic and Western reactions

2158:

riots which left 76 people dead. Afterwards, Nasser published a simple six-point program in

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Leaders of Egypt following the ouster of King Farouk, November 1952. Seated, left to right:

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The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of a Modern Diaspora

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condemned the tripartite invasion, and supported UN resolutions demanding withdrawal and a

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would not supply Egypt under acceptable financial and military terms, Nasser turned to the

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Bandung Revisited: The Legacy of the 1955 Asian-African Conference for International Order

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that granted Palestinian guerrillas the right to use Lebanese territory to attack Israel.

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massed along the Syrian border, giving credence to rumors that the Baghdad Pact countries

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On 26 July 1956, Nasser gave a speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalization of the

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Stillman, Norman A. (2005). "Nasser, Gamal Abdel (1918–1970)". In Richard S. Levy (ed.).

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America's Great Game: The CIA's Secret Arabists and the Making of the Modern Middle East

12407: 4183: 3438:(scholars) as a counterweight to the Brotherhood's Islamic influence, starting in 1953. 2874:", despite Nasser's objection to the label (he preferred the term "Arab nationalists"). 2589:

Nasser submitting his vote for the referendum of the proposed constitution, 23 June 1956

1536:

Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards

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Nation Building, State Building, and Economic Development: Case Studies and Comparisons

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19 October 1954, although he ensured that all existing stockholders would be paid off.

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Nasser's funeral procession attended by five million mourners in Cairo, 1 October 1970

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headed a government in rebellion, July–September 1882, beginning during Raghib's term

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The Struggle for Kirkuk: The Rise of Hussein, Oil, and the Death of Tolerance in Iraq

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Nasser's family traveled frequently due to his father's work. In 1921, they moved to

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According to Sadat, it was only when the Israelis cut off the Egyptian garrison at

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into mainstream Islam; for centuries prior, al-Azhar deemed them to be "heretics".

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in Cairo to establish a unified Arab response against Israel's plans to divert the

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The Dynamics of Coercion: American Foreign Policy and the Limits of Military Might

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world. Over a dozen people were killed in Beirut as a result of the chaos, and in

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After years of foreign policy coordination and developing ties, Nasser, President

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Beattie, Kirk J. "Nasser's Egypt: A Quest for National Power and Prosperity." in

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Crossing Mandelbaum Gate: Coming of Age Between the Arabs and Israelis, 1956–1978

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Among the Righteous: Lost Stories from the Holocaust's Long Reach Into Arab lands

11734: 11579: 11029: 11020: 10922: 10418:"The Khartoum Conference and Egyptian Policy after the 1967 War: A Reexamination" 8626: 7894: 6875:"The Books Gamal Abdel Nasser Used to Read, 1. During his Secondary School Years" 6365: 6287: 6167: 6016: 5982: 5952: 5858: 5805: 5777: 5741: 5713: 5618: 5316: 5251: 5226: 5221: 5206: 5196: 5186: 5161: 4939: 4914: 4060: 3945: 3911:

As the Arab League summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the

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Liberation organization in Alexandria invitation to Nasser speech 26 October 1954

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Mass Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond

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Opposition to the union mounted among some of Syria's key elements, namely the

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Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and the Diaspora since 1787

11149: 9046: 8302: 5969:, in 2, no. 2 (Win. 73): 3–32 (First English translation, 1973, pdf-file from 3839:

movement arms and funds after their performance against Israeli forces in the

3241:

in Alexandria, September 1964. Ben Bella and Aref were close allies of Nasser.

2953:

Newsreel clip about Nasser and Quwatli's establishment of United Arab Republic

2898:'s survival. Despite opposition from the governments of Jordan, Saudi Arabia, 2637:

to celebrate the final British military withdrawal from the country, June 1956

2116:, publicized his victory while praising the nationalistic spirit of the army. 20248: 20155: 20001: 19896: 19861: 19846: 19806: 19348: 19178: 18916: 18826: 18689: 18669: 18556: 18317: 18295: 18260: 17839: 17834: 17789: 17711: 17671: 17420: 17298: 16924: 16904: 16839: 16791: 16705: 16482: 16472: 16397: 16254: 16153: 16133: 16113: 16073: 15988: 15855: 15840: 15785: 15770: 15750: 15540: 15495: 15412: 15407: 15387: 15215: 15199: 15039: 14877: 14844: 14832: 14555: 14338: 13963: 13691: 13611: 13478: 12546: 11971: 11485: 10881: 9100: 7902: 6401: 6339: 5960: 5909: 5795: 5613: 5534: 5418: 5311: 5296: 5266: 5146: 4896: 4153: 4032:

under his leadership. One of Nasser's main domestic efforts was to establish

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to take over the Suez Canal, occupy the Suez Canal zone, and topple Nasser.

1876:

various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them.

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Nasser being sworn in for a second term as Egypt's president, 25 March 1965

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defected to Egypt, along with the Jordanian chief of staff, in early 1963.

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on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member

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The Decline of Arab Unity: The Rise and Fall of the United Arabic Republic

13231:

Syria and the Doctrine of Arab Neutralism: From Independence to Dependence

4824: 3535:(ASU). With these measures came more domestic repression, as thousands of 3093:(to Nasser's right) at the Syrian–Lebanese border during talks to end the 2564:

Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of

1940:

went unheeded, but the brigade refused to surrender. Negotiations between

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Security Sector Transformation in Southeastern Europe and the Middle East

12843: 12719: 6136: 6131: 5809: 5757: 5321: 5022: 4735: 4671: 4187: 4167: 4045: 3863: 3599: 3560: 3502: 3459: 3425: 3404: 3313:, April 1964. In front of Nasser and giving a salute is Yemeni President 3195: 3143: 3090: 2886:

brought Jordan into a military pact with Egypt, Syria, and Saudi Arabia.

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The Roots of Revolt: A Political Economy of Egypt from Nasser to Mubarak

14224:

Containing Arab Nationalism: The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Middle East

13538:

Kyle, Keith (2001), "Britain's Slow March to Suez", in David Tal (ed.),

11793:

The Changing Face of Antisemitism: From Ancient Times to the Present Day

8303:

Nasser 1956 speech mocking the media and the British denunciation of him

3298:

Nasser's supporters from the officers corps. A failed counter-coup by a

2412:

by Israeli aircraft in early September. The Israelis re-militarized the

2292:

attempted to mend relations between Nasser and Naguib, but to no avail.

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Reassessing Suez 1956: New Perspectives on the Crisis and Its Aftermath

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to liberalization, although its promises would largely go unfulfilled.

3647: 3447: 2646: 2630: 2316: 2233: 2155: 2075: 1580:, Egypt on 15 January 1918, a year before the tumultuous events of the 1577: 1482: 1462: 730: 47: 18399: 13805:

Rethinking Nasserism: Revolution and Historical Memory in Modern Egypt

12489: 10417: 8231: 8229: 6005: 3289:, a Nasserist, was chosen to be the new president. A similar alliance 2810:

claimed the crisis "established Nasser finally and completely" as the

2605:

Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to

2019: 1749: 1485:

under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the

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Faith Misplaced: The Broken Promise of U.S.-Arab Relations: 1820–2001

13156: 13084: 12862:

Shaping Strategy: The Civil-military Politics of Strategic Assessment

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and Islamist critics in Egypt, including the founding members of the

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followed, after which Nasser condemned the Ba'athists as "fascists".

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measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his

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Antisemitism. A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution

9218:

The New York Times: Oman Dispute Highlights U.S.-British Differences

5837: 4110: 3694:

Nasser's 9 June resignation speech, which was retracted the next day

2216: 19620: 19461: 19358: 19233: 19052: 18956: 18096: 17954: 17408: 17308: 17017: 16513: 16043: 14374:

The struggle for the Arab world: Egypt's Nasser and the Arab League

12791: 11391: 11034: 8241: 8226: 5929: 5768:" of successive Arab leaders "transformed imitation into parody". 5564: 5434: 5049: 4792: 4133: 4064: 3924: 3643: 3536: 3154: 3045: 2936:

Nasser's announcement of the United Arab Republic, 23 February 1958

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Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

14390:(Edinburgh University Press, 2016), Nasser in Egyptian literature. 13103:

Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair

12631:

Akram-Lodhi, Haroon; Borras, Saturnino M.; Kay, Cristóbal (2007),

3455: 3432:

promoted by Saudi Arabia. Nasser had used al-Azhar's most willing

2272:, and pressured Naguib to conclude the abolition of the monarchy. 19566: 19451: 19441: 19390: 18931: 17676: 16427: 5944:

Nasser wrote the following books, published during his lifetime:

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President Nasser receives a delegation of Christian bishops from

1593: 1352: 15464: 12104:"Biopics in the Arab world: History entangled with subjectivity" 4074:

political parties began to emerge in Egypt, the first being the

4000:

read, "One hundred million human beings—the Arabs—are orphans."

3511:

influence, Nasser introduced the National Charter in 1962 and a

2641: 2399:

the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip with the stated aim of suppressing

2090:

On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the unpopular

1744:(Muhammad's companions), the biographies of nationalist leaders 1637:, called for the end of colonialism in Egypt in the wake of the 19634: 19436: 19375: 18310: 14293:

Prophets and Princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the Present

7202: 5455: 5411: 4661: 4152:. He is also considered a champion of social justice in Egypt. 4098:, and the Popular Nasserist Congress Party) merged to form the 4091: 3867: 3799:

is directly behind Nasser, and to their left is Chief of Staff

3734: 3451: 2867: 1985: 1941: 1933: 1892:, displaying weapons captured from the Israeli Army during the 1741: 1733: 1627: 1553: 13584:

Hamlet's Arab Journey: Shakespeare's Prince and Nasser's Ghost

13445:

Nasser's Egypt, Arab Nationalism, and the United Arab Republic

12930:

Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World

8620:

Nasser refutes Jewish accusations of expulsion or mistreatment

6278: 6246: 6228: 3454:

and civil courts. Moreover, Nasser forced al-Azhar to issue a

1592:, and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from 1556:

city. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his

1442:

the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a

20119: 20075:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

19581: 19364: 17443: 17112: 15700: 15304: 15295: 15175: 14782: 14774: 13176:

Negotiating for Peace in the Middle East (Routledge Revivals)

6269: 6222: 6188: 5893: 5737: 5717: 5010: 3979: 3836: 3467: 3434: 3378: 3360: 3166: 2746:

met on the matter of the canal's nationalization and adopted

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on the international policy and economic development fronts.

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Rasler, Karen; Thompson, William R.; Ganguly, Sumit (2013),

3952:

fainted from emotional distress twice. A few major non-Arab

3823:

in Cairo on 27 September 1970, one day before Nasser's death

3753: 3682:

Egyptian demonstrators protesting Nasser's resignation, 1967

3040:

sought American assistance in his ideological cold war with

2620: 19659: 19541: 17433: 17377: 10702:

From June to October: The Middle East Between 1967 And 1973

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On 14 July 1958, Iraqi army officers Abdel Karim Qasim and

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was greatly boosted, as was his self-confidence and image.

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from 1958 to 1961. In 1962, Nasser began a series of major

1446:

member, he cracked down on the organization, put President

14633: 14137:

Palestine in the Egyptian Press: From al-Ahram to al-Ahali

2023:

The Free Officers after the coup, 1953. Counterclockwise:

1529:, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in 20114: 20094: 20089: 12067: 9505: 6240: 6199: 6176: 2553:, and the implementation of UN resolutions regarding the 2406:

blockade on Israeli shipping through the Straits of Tiran

2383: 20460:

Recipients of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo

13295:

When the Gavel Speaks: Judicial Politics in Modern Egypt

11872: 11452:"Anniversary heightens face-off with Muslim Brotherhood" 11239:"Nasserist groups announce new, unified political party" 10695: 8560:"Establishment of UNEF (United Nations Emergency Force)" 3546:

During the presidential referendum in Egypt, Nasser was

10065: 8597:. Historical Society of Jews from Egypt. Archived from 6390:"Quiet Rites Show Stark Contrast to Funeral for Nasser" 6009:

Nasser with his wife Tahia in his home in Cairo in 1969

5904:

Nasser practices photography at his home in Cairo, 1969

3889:

on 27 September in Cairo, where he forged a ceasefire.

550:

Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council

16340: 14036:

The Suez-Sinai Crisis: A Retrospective and Reappraisal

13540:

The 1956 War: Collusion and Rivalry in the Middle East

9207:

Gregory Fremont Barnes: A History of Counterinsurgency

3185: 20204: 13861: 13487:

Soldiers, Spies and Statesmen: Egypt's Road to Revolt

12483:(MA thesis). Portland State University. p. 137. 10689: 10612: 7829: 6266: 6243: 6237: 6225: 6219: 6196: 3250:

Egypt became increasingly embroiled in the drawn-out

12979:

The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square

12926:

Brynen, Yaacov; Korany, Bahgat; Noble, Paul (1995),

12630: 12063:"Nasser film strikes chord with the people of Egypt" 11860: 11169: 11167: 9872: 9707: 9705: 9703: 8356:"The Protocol of Sèvres,1956: Anatomy of a War Plot" 7780: 7778: 6275: 6272: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6191: 5993:

Egypt's liberation; the philosophy of the revolution

5979:

Egypt's Liberation: The Philosophy of the Revolution

3779:

War of Attrition and regional diplomatic initiatives

2963:

were attempting to topple Syria's leftist government

1540:

and Arab unity, his modernization policies, and his

14271:

Sands of Sorrow: Israel's Journey from Independence

14089:Stork, Joe (2001), "Egypt", in Joel Krieger (ed.), 14059:

The 1967 Arab-Israeli War: Origins and Consequences

12884:

Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics

12697:Atiyeh, George Nicholas; Oweis, Ibrahim M. (1988), 11536: 11534: 9639: 9637: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9127: 9125: 8690: 8688: 8686: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6615: 6234: 6216: 6185: 6182: 5865:Nasser and Tahia had two daughters and three sons: 3497: 3494:, to practically live on painkillers from then on. 3032:in Syria. Nasser then left for Moscow to meet with 2580: 17123:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries 14337: 14314: 13716: 13690: 13312: 12927: 12839:Total Insecurity: The Myth Of American Omnipotence 12214: 12212: 11820: 11304:"Kings never die: A tale of a devoted iconography" 10067: 9415: 9413: 9276: 9274: 9022: 9020: 8629:in the Southern Israelite (Jewish) Newspaper, 1957 8592: 8193: 8191: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6595: 5857:(1920 – 25 March 1992), the daughter of a wealthy 5752:, a supporter of Nasser, took power in Sudan. The 3178:, who had been allowed to re-enter Egypt in 1956. 2000:region while negotiating with the Arabs in March. 1434:from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the 15959:Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity 14596:Articles and topics related to Gamal Abdel Nasser 13904:Lawyers and Politics in the Arab World: 1880–1960 13063:King Hussein and the Challenge of Arab Radicalism 12925: 11814: 11164: 11112: 10070:The Politics of Miscalculation in the Middle East 10061: 10059: 9700: 9337: 9335: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9301: 8595:"Egyptian Jewry under the Nasser Regime, 1956–70" 7983: 7981: 7775: 6792: 6790: 6561: 6559: 4090:. Nasserist activists were among the founders of 3827:Meanwhile, in January 1968, Nasser commenced the 3819:(left) and King Hussein of Jordan (right) at the 2232:Nasser and Naguib saluting at the opening of the 2095:assassination campaign". In January 1952, he and 20246: 20060:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 13562:Suez: Britain's End of Empire in the Middle East 13506: 13128:Egypt Under Nasir: A Study in Political Dynamics 12743: 12009: 11531: 11100: 11019: 10625: 10623: 10621: 10019: 10017: 9628: 9560: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9440: 9122: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8855: 8853: 8851: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8830: 8828: 8813: 8683: 4059:The national economy grew significantly through 3990:, roughly 75,000 Arabs marched through the 1619:, and to attend the Nahhasin elementary school. 20465:Secretaries-general of the Non-Aligned Movement 20405:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta 18497:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 17904:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 13969:Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East 13830:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991 12209: 10815:"Claims that Sadat killed Nasser are unfounded" 9410: 9271: 9017: 8700: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8483: 8481: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8188: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8044: 7944: 7942: 7929: 7927: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7092: 6592: 3940:jets. His flag-draped coffin was attached to a 3862:In June 1970, Nasser accepted the US-sponsored 3618:following the Six-Day War. From left to right: 2758:On 29 October 1956, Israeli forces crossed the 2295: 14907: 12020: 12018: 10992: 10990: 10844: 10842: 10840: 10838: 10778: 10776: 10763: 10761: 10734: 10652: 10650: 10584: 10582: 10557: 10555: 10515: 10513: 10511: 10457: 10455: 10306: 10304: 10279: 10277: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10235: 10233: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10177: 10128: 10126: 10056: 9934: 9932: 9895: 9893: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9739: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9618: 9616: 9526: 9524: 9522: 9520: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9388: 9386: 9332: 9298: 9227: 9225: 9142: 9140: 8870: 8868: 8779: 8777: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8661: 8659: 8456: 8454: 8452: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8262: 8260: 7978: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7433: 7431: 7348: 7346: 7155:"מבצע חורב 1949 – תחילתה של הפסקת אש עם מצרים" 6932: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6787: 6765: 6763: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6556: 6522: 6520: 6387: 5995:, introduced by Dorothy Thompson (Washington: 5570:U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism 4028:, and the country became a major power in the 3395:, 1959. From left to right; Interior Minister 3309:Nasser before Yemeni crowds on his arrival to 3051: 2419:Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the 1888:Nasser (first from left) with his unit in the 1670:, issued a decree restoring the constitution. 1584:. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in 17393: 17153:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 16600:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine 16529: 16326: 15943: 15278: 14893: 14757: 14619: 14573:Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement 14091:The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World 13888:, Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group, 13832:, Studies in war, society, and the military, 13395: 13311:Haydock, Nickolas; Risden, Edward L. (2009), 13310: 12906:Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization 12089: 12036: 11824:Hitler's apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi legacy 11685: 11683: 11270: 11268: 11266: 11207:"Egypt candidate to seek election suspension" 11084: 11082: 11080: 10797: 10795: 10793: 10791: 10667: 10665: 10618: 10014: 9437: 8988: 8976: 8940: 8848: 8825: 8094: 8092: 7126: 6448: 6066:Polish People's Republic: Grand Cross of the 5667: 4016:Nasser presenting prominent and blind writer 3899:Death and state funeral of Gamal Abdel Nasser 3791:front with Egyptian officers during the 1968 3482:Amer had created in the military command and 3229:Nasser (center) receiving Algerian president 2645:Nasser giving a speech at the opening of the 1908:. He initially volunteered to serve with the 1900:Nasser's first battlefield experience was in 1783:, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the 1408: 1008:(1954–(March)1954,(April)1954–1962,1967–1970) 30:"Nasser" redirects here. For other uses, see 20370:Egyptian people of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War 20136:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 17687:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 14034:Shemesh, Moshe; Troen, Selwyn Illan (1990), 14033: 11712: 11710: 11619: 11617: 11604: 11602: 11356: 11354: 11123: 11121: 10530: 10528: 10375: 10373: 10360: 10358: 10345: 10343: 10143: 10141: 10113: 10111: 10034: 10032: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9949: 9947: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9654: 9652: 9461: 9459: 9322: 9320: 8733: 8731: 8515: 8513: 8493: 8478: 8443: 8364:, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 509–530 8203: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8128: 8079: 8077: 8041: 7939: 7924: 7875:McAlexander, Richard J. (18 November 2010). 7765: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7472: 7470: 7406: 7404: 7367: 7365: 7363: 7361: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7325: 7323: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7293: 7291: 7266: 7264: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7174: 7172: 7089: 7067: 7065: 7016: 7014: 7012: 6913: 6911: 6909: 6907: 6532: 3748: 3673: 3614:Some of the attending heads of state at the 3214: 2817: 2408:and restricted the use of airspace over the 1473:and his political victory in the subsequent 714: 18997:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 14055: 13906:, Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, Inc., 13246: 13019:The PFLP's Changing Role in the Middle East 12951: 12699:Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses 12696: 12579: 12218: 12199: 12197: 12015: 11919: 11903: 11901: 11899: 11884: 11566: 11472: 11449: 11407: 11297: 11295: 10987: 10965: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10835: 10807: 10773: 10758: 10647: 10635: 10600: 10579: 10567: 10552: 10540: 10508: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10452: 10301: 10274: 10257: 10230: 10201: 10189: 10165: 10153: 10123: 10096: 10044: 9929: 9890: 9837: 9825: 9774: 9772: 9770: 9736: 9717: 9711: 9688: 9613: 9577: 9536: 9517: 9488: 9471: 9383: 9347: 9222: 9137: 8964: 8952: 8916: 8904: 8892: 8880: 8865: 8774: 8755: 8743: 8711: 8656: 8530: 8528: 8449: 8428: 8411: 8257: 8197: 7874: 7835: 7825: 7823: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7784: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7549: 7547: 7482: 7428: 7343: 7237: 7235: 6923: 6850: 6831: 6814: 6760: 6702: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6628:"A Historical Sketch of Gamal Abdel Nasser" 6571: 6517: 5957:يوميات الرئيس جمال عبد الناصر عن حرب فلسطين 3716:A video clip of Nasser's resignation speech 20100:United States involvement in regime change 17655:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 17400: 17386: 16536: 16522: 16333: 16319: 15950: 15936: 15285: 15271: 14900: 14886: 14764: 14750: 14626: 14612: 14243: 14156: 14084:. Vol. 1. ABC–CLIO. pp. 483–484. 14056:Shlaim, Avi; Louis, William Roger (2012), 13719:Egypt on the Brink: From Nasser to Mubarak 12529: 12349:Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ordenskunde e.V. 11827:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 188. 11680: 11431: 11263: 11077: 10788: 10662: 9884: 9243: 8104: 8089: 7933: 7856: 6663: 6645: 6481: 6038:Czechoslovakia: Collar Grand Cross of the 5674: 5660: 3450:. The reforms also included the merger of 3379:Modernization efforts and internal dissent 2629:Nasser raising the Egyptian flag over the 1415: 1401: 603:5 October 1964 – 8 September 1970 314:18 April 1954 – 29 September 1962 67: 14188:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 14178: 13669:Situating Globalization: Views from Egypt 13442: 13122: 12835: 12820:The Rise of Egyptian Communism, 1939–1970 12674: 12608: 12488: 12230: 12176: 11952: 11743:, pp. xi, 67–68, 137, 153, 225, 283. 11722: 11707: 11614: 11599: 11489:, vol. 31, no. 2, History Today 11481:"Makers of the Twentieth Century: Nasser" 11437: 11366: 11351: 11139: 11118: 11015: 11013: 11011: 11009: 11007: 11005: 10975: 10920:"Nasser's Legacy: Hope and Instability". 10525: 10370: 10355: 10340: 10218: 10138: 10108: 10029: 9971: 9959: 9944: 9801: 9784: 9649: 9456: 9317: 8728: 8706: 8586: 8510: 8487: 8472: 8393: 8220: 8157: 8139: 8074: 8068: 8056: 7987: 7948: 7850: 7796: 7754: 7723: 7694: 7682: 7629: 7525: 7467: 7437: 7401: 7358: 7320: 7303: 7288: 7276: 7247: 7178: 7169: 7062: 7009: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6936: 6904: 6861: 6844: 6796: 6769: 6754: 6718: 6586: 6434:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6117:History of Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser 3754:Domestic reforms and governmental changes 3543:to submit their resignations in protest. 2621:Nationalization of the Suez Canal Company 2460: 2146:On 25 January 1952, at a time of growing 2074:In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the 273:19 June 1967 – 28 September 1970 209:Zakaria Mohieddin (1961–1964, 1965–1968) 97:23 June 1956 – 28 September 1970 20305:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) politicians 17233:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic 17163:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 17128:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine) 14335: 14110: 14079: 14011: 13627: 13603: 12903: 12448:"National Orders awards 29 October 2004" 12194: 12188: 12140: 12128: 11896: 11878: 11572: 11512:"A Faustian Pact: Generals as Democrats" 11478: 11419: 11292: 11065: 10954: 10871: 10869: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10519: 10491: 10485: 10245: 9767: 9682: 9670: 8525: 8122: 7814: 7706: 7665: 7653: 7641: 7612: 7588: 7559: 7544: 7501: 7449: 7395: 7232: 7056: 6808: 6742: 6693: 6675: 6625: 6565: 6550: 6526: 6052:Finland: Grand Cross with Collar of the 6004: 5899: 5836: 5704: 5005: 4182: 4127: 4109: 4086:. Sabahi came in third place during the 4011: 3966: 3902: 3806: 3782: 3706: 3677: 3609: 3573:(left) and Egyptian Army Chief of Staff 3564: 3501: 3382: 3304: 3274:in the Saudi royal family led by Prince 3224: 3148: 3084: 3016:, a major Nasser opponent who advocated 2983: 2939: 2927: 2831: 2723: 2640: 2624: 2584: 2464: 2416:on the Egyptian border on 21 September. 2369: 2332: 2307: 2299: 2238: 2227: 2215: 2129: 2067:After 1949, the group adopted the name " 2051:Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with 2018: 1883: 1879: 1810: 1509:. He began his second presidential term 562:14 November 1954 – 23 June 1956 514:18 June 1953 – 25 February 1954 464:18 June 1953 – 25 February 1954 362:25 February 1954 – 8 March 1954 18226:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 17108:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction) 17093:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 14419:Chinese Journal of International Review 14312: 14157:Tan, See Seng; Acharya, Amitav (2008), 14134: 13824: 13685: 13464: 13370: 13100: 13078: 12952:Byman, Daniel; Waxman, Matthew (2002), 12822:, New York: Syracuse University Press, 12765: 12552: 12339: 12315:"Seznamy nositelů státních vyznamenání" 12279: 12164: 12152: 12101: 12024: 11890: 11789: 11764: 11740: 11647: 11413: 11333: 10996: 10877:"Nasser's Legacy: Hope and Instability" 10848: 10782: 10767: 10752: 10740: 10728: 10705:. Transaction Publishers. p. 192. 10656: 10641: 10629: 10588: 10573: 10561: 10546: 10473: 10461: 10446: 10403: 10391: 10334: 10310: 10283: 10268: 10239: 10212: 10195: 10171: 10159: 10132: 10102: 10023: 9938: 9899: 9848: 9831: 9749: 9730: 9694: 9643: 9622: 9583: 9571: 9542: 9530: 9511: 9499: 9482: 9450: 9431: 9419: 9404: 9392: 9377: 9365: 9353: 9341: 9311: 9292: 9280: 9231: 9211: 9194: 9182: 9170: 9158: 9146: 9131: 9011: 8999: 8982: 8970: 8958: 8946: 8922: 8910: 8898: 8886: 8874: 8859: 8842: 8819: 8807: 8783: 8768: 8749: 8722: 8694: 8665: 8650: 8546: 8460: 8422: 8381: 8266: 7808: 7769: 7736: 7700: 7688: 7635: 7582: 7538: 7495: 7476: 7461: 7422: 7410: 7383: 7371: 7352: 7337: 7314: 7297: 7282: 7270: 7226: 7220: 7102: 7083: 7071: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7020: 7003: 6972: 6960: 6917: 6898: 6825: 6781: 6730: 6687: 6651: 6538: 6493: 6072:South Africa: Supreme Commander of the 4024:Nasser made Egypt fully independent of 3956:were present, including Soviet Premier 3923:, and complications from long-standing 3581:headquarters in Cairo before signing a 3064:Gamal Abdel Nasser, 19 July in Damascus 2917: 2211: 2099:attempted to kill the royalist general 1988:in February 1949 to negotiate a formal 1572:Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was born in 1004: 648:17 July 1964 – 21 October 1965 14: 20325:Collars of the Order of the White Lion 20247: 20070:Russian espionage in the United States 18342:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 17103:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction) 15898: 14635:Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council 14290: 14268: 13762: 13740: 13665: 13645: 13581: 13484: 13336: 13270: 13210: 13197:, Reading: Garnet & Ithaca Press, 13038: 13016: 12998: 12859: 12817: 12718: 12652: 12505:"Tito in Africa: Picturing Solidarity" 12048: 11964: 11821:Robert S. Wistrich (17 October 1985). 11716: 11608: 11540: 11088: 11002: 10948: 10936: 10907: 10801: 10671: 10534: 10415: 10379: 10364: 10349: 10322: 10295: 10224: 10183: 10147: 10117: 10050: 10038: 10008: 9996: 9984: 9965: 9953: 9923: 9807: 9795: 9761: 9658: 9075:Yolcu, Furkan Halit (1 October 2020). 8638: 8580: 8405: 8350: 8338: 8326: 8314: 8110: 8098: 8083: 7862: 7676: 7659: 7647: 7623: 7606: 7594: 7570: 7553: 7519: 7507: 7241: 7200:67 dead, Who remembers "God's platoon" 7127:Sharon, Ariel; Chanoff, David (2002). 7114: 6978: 6706: 6300:[ɡæˈmæːlʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾħeˈseːn] 6298: 6074:Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo 5845:, daughter Hoda, son Abdel Hakim, son 5700: 5555:Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism 3320:In January 1964, Nasser called for an 3089:Nasser (right) and Lebanese president 1305:Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo 20280:20th-century prime ministers of Egypt 20065:Soviet espionage in the United States 18221:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 18000:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 17665:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 17381: 16517: 16314: 15931: 15266: 14881: 14745: 14607: 14594: 14449:Site for President Gamal Abdel Nasser 14221: 14088: 13989: 13962: 13937: 13919: 13883: 13802: 13784: 13714: 13420: 13292: 13228: 13192: 13172: 13147: 13065:, New York: Oxford University Press, 12881: 12480:Egypt and the Soviet Union, 1953–1970 12431: 12060: 11997: 11907: 11851: 11752: 11728: 11701: 11689: 11635: 11623: 11450:Al Sherbini, Ramadan (23 July 2012). 11425: 11384: 11372: 11360: 11345: 11301: 11286: 11274: 11127: 10981: 10854: 10683: 10502: 10251: 9860: 9819: 9778: 9607: 9595: 9554: 9465: 9326: 9074: 8934: 8737: 8677: 8534: 8290: 8278: 8182: 8170: 8151: 8035: 8011: 7999: 7972: 7960: 7748: 7717: 7214: 7208: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6452:Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egyptian ID card 6147:Closure of the Suez Canal (1967–1975) 5586:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism 4632:during the Israel-Hamas war (2023-24) 4327:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism 3811:Nasser brokering a ceasefire between 3105:stands to Chehab's right, March 1959. 2988:Nasser seated alongside Crown Prince 2720:Closure of the Suez Canal (1956-1957) 2441:320,000,000 armaments agreement with 2206: 2119: 1461:Nasser's popularity in Egypt and the 1454:and assumed executive office. He was 421:8 March 1954 – 18 April 1954 20141:Soviet Union–United States relations 18492:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 16543: 15876: 13901: 13559: 13537: 13361: 13060: 12973: 12790: 12746:Judges and Political Reform in Egypt 12476: 12452:South African Government Information 12425: 12242: 12203: 11866: 11506: 11071: 10969: 10074:. Indiana University Press. p. 9911: 9250:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 9200: 9026: 8795: 8519: 8504: 8023: 6991: 6948: 6059:Malaysia: Honorary Recipient of the 5967:"Memoirs of the First Palestine War" 5771: 4036:, which he deemed a prerequisite to 3892: 3473: 2877:In January 1957, the US adopted the 20435:People of the North Yemen Civil War 20105:Soviet involvement in regime change 17143:National Liberation Front (Algeria) 14438:(Princeton University Press, 2014). 14431:(Cambridge University Press, 2018). 14383:(Cambridge University Press, 2020). 14369:(Routledge, 2015) pp. 146–164. 13789:, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 13233:, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 13173:Fahmy, Ismail (13 September 2013), 12744:Bernard-Maugiron, Nathalie (2008), 12102:Karawya, Fayrouz (29 August 2011). 11796:. Oxford University Press. p. 11573:El-Tonsi, Ahmed (16 January 2013). 11387:"How Suez made Nasser an Arab icon" 11140:El-Nahhas, Mona (18 October 2000). 11023:; Guindy, Hosny (4 November 2000). 10613:Rasler, Thompson & Ganguly 2013 7830:Rasler, Thompson & Ganguly 2013 6775: 6657: 6291: 6020: 5986: 5956: 5690:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 4882:21 Paths to the Kingdom of Darkness 3775:after reconciling with the latter. 3579:Supreme Command of the Armed Forces 3186:Collapse of the union and aftermath 3128:Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council 3101:stands third to Nasser's left, and 1715: 715: 36:Gamal Abdel Nasser (disambiguation) 24: 20395:Foreign Heroes of the Soviet Union 20146:Soviet Union–United States summits 17620:1947 Polish parliamentary election 17505:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 17083:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria) 16605:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine 16342:Chairs of the Non-Aligned Movement 15900: 15886: 15463: 15455: 15447: 15439: 15431: 15183: 15155: 15095: 15002: 14957: 14929: 14796: 14359: 14244:Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. (1978), 14228:University of North Carolina Press 13632:, New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 13364:Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World 13132:State University of New York Press 12750:American University in Cairo Press 12728:American University in Cairo Press 12703:State University of New York Press 12659:State University of New York Press 11965:Fetini, Alyssa (3 February 2009). 11541:Andoni, Lamis (11 February 2011). 11175:"Egypt Elections Watch: Al-Karama" 9873:Akram-Lodhi, Borras & Kay 2007 9027:Popp, Roland (10 September 2010). 6470: 6054:Order of the White Rose of Finland 5949:Memoirs of the First Palestine War 5897:and listening to classical music. 5580:Working definition of antisemitism 4342:Working definition of antisemitism 3399:, Nasser, Social Affairs Minister 2889:Relations between Nasser and King 2481:in white robes in the background, 1955:. The expedition was led by Rabbi 1806: 1293:Order of the White Rose of Finland 973: 25: 20481: 20375:Egyptian political party founders 20320:Chairpersons of the African Union 20270:20th-century presidents in Africa 18907:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 18842:United States invasion of Grenada 18112:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 18053:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 17148:Palestine Liberation Organization 14442: 13741:Parker, Richard Bordeaux (1996), 13517:The Palestinian People: A History 13399:; Khoury, Phillip Shukry (2004), 13003:, Hoboken: Taylor & Francis, 12771:Dictionary Of Modern Arab History 11543:"The resurrection of pan-Arabism" 10885:. 12 October 1970. Archived from 6045:East Germany: First Class of the 5560:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews 3330:Palestine Liberation Organization 2108:the Free Officers. They selected 1771:Nasser was greatly influenced by 1505:, and eventually the much larger 20455:Recipients of the Order of Lenin 20360:Egyptian Military Academy alumni 20275:20th-century presidents of Egypt 20226: 20214: 18982:United States invasion of Panama 18832:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 18472:1971 Turkish military memorandum 18435:Communist insurgency in Thailand 18405:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 18337:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 18164:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 18092:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 17610:Restatement of Policy on Germany 17362: 17361: 17088:Arabian Peninsula People's Union 16771:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 15908: 15878: 15294: 14773: 14388:Nasser in the Egyptian Imaginary 13868:University of Pennsylvania Press 13743:The Six-Day War: A Retrospective 13401:The Modern Middle East: A Reader 12613:(illustrated ed.), London: 12497: 12470: 12440: 12389: 12363: 12333: 12307: 12285: 12273: 12248: 12236: 12224: 12182: 12170: 12158: 12146: 12134: 12122: 12095: 12083: 12061:Young, Gayle (24 October 1996). 12054: 12042: 12030: 12003: 11991: 11958: 11946: 11913: 11845: 11783: 11758: 11746: 11695: 11641: 11629: 11500: 11443: 11378: 11339: 11327: 11280: 11231: 11199: 11142:"Nasserism's potential untapped" 11133: 11106: 11094: 11053: 10942: 10930: 10913: 10901: 10746: 10722: 10677: 10606: 10594: 10479: 10467: 10440: 10409: 10397: 10385: 10328: 10316: 10289: 10066:Richard Bordeaux Parker (1993). 10002: 9990: 9917: 9905: 9878: 9866: 9854: 9813: 9755: 9676: 9664: 9601: 9589: 9548: 9425: 9398: 9371: 9359: 9286: 9237: 9188: 9176: 9152: 9068: 9005: 8928: 8801: 8789: 8671: 8644: 8632: 8613: 8574: 8552: 8540: 8466: 8399: 8387: 8375: 8344: 8332: 8320: 8308: 8296: 8284: 8272: 8176: 8145: 8116: 8062: 8029: 8017: 8005: 7993: 7966: 7954: 6262: 6172: 6127:List of prime ministers of Egypt 5832: 5645: 5644: 4273: 3974:in Cairo, the site of his burial 3498:National Charter and second term 2581:1956 constitution and presidency 2008: 1700: 1688: 1523:Israeli-occupied Sinai Peninsula 1380: 1373: 1365: 1351: 1340: 1330: 1320: 1310: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1262: 1250: 1239: 1228: 929: 839: 20335:Deputy prime ministers of Egypt 19702:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 19083:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 19012:Fall of the inner German border 18912:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 18562:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 18552:Spanish transition to democracy 18512:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 18139:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 17645:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 17526:Occupation of the Baltic states 16731:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 14012:Stephens, Robert Henry (1972), 13767:(6th ed.), Santa Barbara: 11113:Brynen, Korany & Noble 1995 9081:Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 8237:"1956: Egypt Seizes Suez Canal" 7868: 7802: 7790: 7742: 7600: 7576: 7513: 7455: 7443: 7416: 7389: 7377: 7193: 7184: 7147: 7120: 7108: 7077: 7050: 7026: 6997: 6966: 6954: 6942: 6892: 6867: 6802: 6748: 6736: 6724: 6712: 6681: 6669: 6544: 6061:Order of the Crown of the Realm 6023:) (1959; Cairo-Arabian Company) 5928:(in 1966 and 1969), and was on 4969:Protocols of the Elders of Zion 4249: 4105: 4076:Arab Democratic Nasserist Party 3387:Government officials attending 2663:arms deal with the Eastern bloc 1641:'s annulment by Prime Minister 1291:Grand Cross with Collar of the 1269:Order of the Crown of the Realm 963: 795: 27:Egyptian politician (1918–1970) 20415:Leaders who took power by coup 20400:Free Officers Movement (Egypt) 18482:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 18117:Mozambican War of Independence 17556:Indonesian National Revolution 17173:Union of Arab Republics (1972) 16935:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz 15888: 14135:Talhami, Ghada Hashem (2007), 13974:University of California Press 13652:, Cambridge University Press, 13277:University of California Press 13215:, Princeton University Press, 12340:Hubrich, Dirk (October 2015). 11769:. PublicAffairs. p. 163. 11148:. No. 503. Archived from 10926:. 12 October 1970. p. 20. 6508: 6499: 6487: 6442: 6381: 6366:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 6353: 6322: 6159: 6102:Yugoslavia: Great Star of the 5849:, son Abdel Hamid, and Nasser. 4925:Hunter (William Luther Pierce) 3638:On the morning of 5 June, the 3616:Arab League Summit in Khartoum 3554: 3169:, launched a day earlier by a 2788:United Nations Emergency Force 2709: 2015:Free Officers Movement (Egypt) 1852:In 1941, Nasser was posted to 410:Deputy Prime Minister of Egypt 218:Anwar Sadat (1964, 1969–1970) 13: 1: 20385:Egyptian critics of religions 20080:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 19095:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 19048:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 18770:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 18735:Seven Days to the River Rhine 18467:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 17754:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 17682:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 14870:: acting or interim president 14436:The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat 14200:10.1080/13530194.2015.1102708 14179:Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2016), 14114:Women in Egyptian Public Life 14014:Nasser: A Political Biography 13902:Reid, Donald Malcolm (1981), 13376:A History of the Arab Peoples 12434:Polish orders and decorations 12293:"Gamal Abdel Nasser Writings" 11666:10.1080/0015587X.1992.9715831 11385:Hardy, Roger (26 July 2006). 11302:Golia, Maria (23 July 2011). 9093:10.1080/13537113.2020.1788696 8305:(in Egyptian Arabic, YouTube) 6310: 6095:Tunisia: Grand Cordon of the 5732:To varying degrees, Nasser's 5712:of Sudan (left), Nasser, and 5519:Campaign Against Antisemitism 4627:during the Gaza War (2008-09) 4150:modern Middle Eastern history 4070:During Mubarak's presidency, 3403:and National Union Secretary 3373:Organisation of African Unity 3336:, Nasser's personal nominee. 3266:In July 1962, Algeria became 2509:(9 April), India (14 April), 2445:on 27 September. Through the 2284:to represent the RCC abroad. 2190:Revolutionary Command Council 2092:Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 2035:(standing), Nasser (seated), 2003: 1567: 635:Organisation of African Unity 19073:Fall of communism in Albania 19043:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 18992:Polish Round Table Agreement 18332:1968 Polish political crisis 18149:Eritrean War of Independence 17915:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 17810:East German uprising of 1953 17742:Chinese Communist Revolution 17407: 17118:Federation of Arab Republics 17078:Arab Socialist Union (Libya) 17068:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt) 16669:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 16617:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 15910: 13838:University of Nebraska Press 13443:Jankowski, James P. (2001), 13247:Goldschmidt, Arthur (2008), 12675:Asterjian, Henry D. (2007), 12377:(in Finnish). 9 October 2020 12010:Kimmerling & Migdal 2003 11025:"Liberating Nasser's Legacy" 7895:10.1080/14682745.2010.482960 6315: 5971:Journal of Palestine Studies 5508:Anti-antisemitism in Germany 5000:Antisemitism on the Internet 4788:Jewish war conspiracy theory 4178: 3821:emergency Arab League summit 3233:(right) and Iraqi president 3171:pro-Nasser Iraqi RCC officer 3044:in Iraq and his ideology of 2296:Assuming chairmanship of RCC 2069:Association of Free Officers 1974:Philosophy of the Revolution 1775:, as espoused by politician 1206:Philosophy of the Revolution 7: 20445:Politicians from Alexandria 18947:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 18675:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 18420:Corrective Movement (Syria) 18384:New People's Army rebellion 18379:Sino-Soviet border conflict 18107:Angolan War of Independence 17970:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 17850:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 17495:Jamaican political conflict 17243:Flag of the Arab Federation 17073:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq) 17063:Arab Socialist Action Party 13943:Guide to Islamist Movements 13809:University Press of Florida 13747:University Press of Florida 13193:Farid, Abdel Magid (1996), 13001:The Transformation of Egypt 11854:The Arabs and the Holocaust 8593:Michael M. Laskier (1995). 6122:List of presidents of Egypt 6110: 6047:Star of People's Friendship 5939: 5776:In 1963, Egyptian director 5545:Southern Poverty Law Center 4704:COVID-19 pandemic incidents 4237:Central Intelligence Agency 4132:Nasser waving to crowds in 4096:National Conciliation Party 3410: 3153:Nasser waving to crowds in 3052:Influence on the Arab world 2977:agreed. On 1 February, the 2551:Palestinian right of return 2126:Egyptian revolution of 1952 1919:In May 1948, following the 1831:Convinced that he needed a 1801:Egyptian Revolution of 1952 1582:Egyptian Revolution of 1919 1436:Egyptian revolution of 1952 1044:Egyptian revolution of 1952 10: 20486: 20345:Egyptian Arab nationalists 19143:Sino-Indian border dispute 18972:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 18902:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 18660:1976 Argentine coup d'état 18572:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 18522:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 18206:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 18174:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 17863:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 17630:Asian Relations Conference 17214:On the Way of Resurrection 17207:The Battle for One Destiny 17138:Lebanese National Movement 16579:Third International Theory 14111:Sullivan, Earl L. (1986), 14064:Cambridge University Press 13769:Greenwood Publishing Group 13628:Mehrotra, Raja R. (1990), 13588:Princeton University Press 13107:Princeton University Press 13079:Darling, Linda T. (2013), 13017:Cubert, Harold M. (1997), 12958:Cambridge University Press 12910:Cambridge University Press 12866:Princeton University Press 12681:Greenwood Publishing Group 12655:Egypt: The Stalled Society 12522: 11856:. Saqi Books. p. 210. 11648:Shehata, Samer S. (1992). 11062:at Encyclopædia Britannica 6335:Collins English Dictionary 6104:Order of the Yugoslav Star 6068:Order of Polonia Restituta 6027: 4955:On the Jews and Their Lies 4088:2012 presidential election 3960:and French Prime Minister 3896: 3558: 3218: 2921: 2821: 2713: 2572:and Indian Prime Minister 2477:facing the camera, Prince 2414:al-Auja Demilitarized Zone 2268:post from Naguib loyalist 2123: 2012: 1676:1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty 1639:1923 Egyptian constitution 1456:formally elected president 1428:Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein 1279:Collar Grand Cross of the 1267:Honorary Recipient of the 711:Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein 29: 20440:People of the Suez Crisis 20179: 20128: 20050: 20027:William Appleman Williams 19972:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 19754: 19726: 19675: 19607: 19600: 19534: 19399: 19324: 19254: 19247: 19156: 19103: 19035: 18748: 18487:Bangladesh Liberation War 18477:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 18392: 18364:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 18352:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 18015: 17790:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 17767: 17477: 17415: 17357: 17266: 17223: 17191: 17168:Unified Political Command 17058:Arab Nationalist Movement 17003: 16955:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi 16815: 16784: 16751:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 16622:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 16587: 16551: 16348: 16187: 15969: 15869: 15699: 15514: 15474: 15429: 15316: 15251: 15174: 15146: 15086: 14993: 14948: 14920: 14865: 14806: 14794: 14641: 14601: 14579: 14570: 14562: 14552: 14545: 14537: 14527: 14520: 14512: 14504: 14495: 14489: 14479: 14470: 14462: 14457: 14246:Nasser and His Generation 14119:Syracuse University Press 13924:, New York: Basic Books, 13672:, Bielefeld: Transcript, 13646:Mutawi, Samir A. (2002), 13582:Litvin, Margaret (2011), 13467:Nasser: The Rise to Power 13465:Joesten, Joachim (1974), 13338:Heikal, Mohamed Hassanein 12888:Columbia University Press 12882:Brown, Leon Carl (2000), 12836:Brightman, Carol (2004), 12295:. Bibliotheca Alexandrina 12090:Hourani & Khoury 2004 12071:. Cable News Network, Inc 12037:Haydock & Risden 2009 11925:"Nasserism and Socialism" 11575:"The legacy of Nasserism" 11479:Stephens, Robert (1981), 9047:10.1080/14682741003686107 7130:Warrior: An Autobiography 5754:Arab Nationalist Movement 5530:Fundamental Rights Agency 4963:Undisputed Over The World 4778: Jewish conspiracy 4007: 3972:Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque 3913:last Arab leader to leave 3879:Dawson's Field hijackings 3749:Final years of presidency 3674:Resignation and aftermath 3634:of Iraq, 2 September 1967 3622:of Saudi Arabia, Nasser, 3515:. The charter called for 3215:Revival on regional stage 2848:, Nasser, Prime Minister 2818:Pan-Arabism and socialism 2784:Eisenhower administration 2597:In January 1956, the new 2529:between the West and the 2519:Egyptian–Indian relations 2489:in the foreground at the 2447:Czechoslovakian arms deal 1726:National Library of Egypt 1707:Nasser's name circled in 1440:far-reaching land reforms 1303:Supreme Commander of the 916: 906: 896: 888: 878: 852: 847: 835: 816: 805: 780: 770: 765:Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque 760: 740: 705: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 664: 652: 641: 631: 619: 607: 596: 588:Secretary-General of the 586: 576: 566: 555: 548: 538: 528: 518: 507: 500: 490: 478: 468: 457: 447: 435: 425: 414: 409: 405: 398: 394: 384: 374: 366: 355: 345: 335: 318: 307: 295: 285: 277: 266: 258: 246: 234: 147: 101: 90: 82: 78: 66: 57: 45: 20380:Egyptian revolutionaries 20340:Egyptian anti-communists 18802:1980 Turkish coup d'état 18637:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 18607:1978 Somali coup attempt 18567:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 18532:1973 Chilean coup d'état 18357:Revolutionary Government 18251:South African Border War 18043:1960 Turkish coup d'état 17960:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 17815:1953 Iranian coup d'état 17795:1952 Egyptian revolution 16676:1952 Egyptian revolution 14547:Prime Minister of Egypt 14522:Prime Minister of Egypt 14336:Woodward, Peter (1992), 13990:Salam, Nawaf A. (2004), 13666:Nelson, Cynthia (2000), 13604:Makdissi, Usama (2011), 13522:Harvard University Press 13449:Lynne Rienner Publishers 13380:Harvard University Press 13250:A Brief History of Egypt 13124:Dekmejian, Richard Hrair 12999:Cooper, Mark N. (1982), 12936:Lynne Rienner Publishers 12934:, vol. 1, Boulder: 12904:Brownlee, Jason (2007), 12609:Alexander, Anne (2005), 12432:Stela, Wojciech (2008). 11790:Laqueur, Walter (2006). 11765:Satloff, Robert (2007). 11460:. Al Nisr Publishing LLC 8444:Shemesh & Troen 1990 7205:(NRG website, in Hebrew) 6152: 6083:Hero of the Soviet Union 5989:) (1955; Dar al-Maaref) 5924:. He suffered two major 5853:In 1944, Nasser married 5591:Three Ds of antisemitism 5575:Wiener Holocaust Library 5525:Community Security Trust 5387:Black Death persecutions 4902:The Dearborn Independent 4875:Antisemitic publications 3874:towards the canal zone. 3855:between the PLO and the 2996:, a loose confederation. 2675:Mohamed Hassanein Heikal 2487:All-Palestine Government 1932:. Appeals for help from 1924:forces that secured the 1914:Mohammad Amin al-Husayni 1477:, known in Egypt as the 1245:Hero of the Soviet Union 938:This article is part of 502:Minister of the Interior 58: 20315:Cairo University alumni 19007:Fall of the Berlin Wall 18952:People Power Revolution 18937:Central American crisis 18877:1986 Black Sea incident 18527:1973 Afghan coup d'état 18425:Western Sahara conflict 18236:1966 Syrian coup d'état 18159:1963 Syrian coup d'état 18102:Portuguese Colonial War 18065:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 17830:1954 Syrian coup d'état 17707:Annexation of Hyderabad 17650:1947–1949 Palestine war 17329:Palestinian nationalism 17248:Flag of the Arab Revolt 16741:1966 Syrian coup d'état 16721:1963 Syrian coup d'état 16701:1961 Syrian coup d'état 14498:Prime Minister of Egypt 14397:11 (Aug. 2011), 363–85. 14269:Viorst, Milton (1987), 14095:Oxford University Press 13884:Reich, Bernard (1990), 13293:Hamad, Mahmoud (2008), 13195:Nasser: The Final Years 13101:Dawisha, Adeed (2009), 12983:Oxford University Press 12653:Ansari, Hamied (1986), 12535:Egypt: Military Society 11852:Achar, Gilbert (2011). 10601:Byman & Waxman 2002 9712:Adi & Sherwood 2003 8625:10 October 2017 at the 7785:Atiyeh & Oweis 1988 6879:Bibliotheca Alexandrina 6632:Bibliotheca Alexandrina 6040:Order of the White Lion 5783:El Nasser Salah El Dine 5540:Simon Wiesenthal Center 5292:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu 5066:The Occidental Observer 5029:Europa: The Last Battle 4977:Between Blacks and Jews 4975:The Secret Relationship 4229:political participation 3872:surface-to-air missiles 3628:Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah 3260:1967 Arab League summit 3204:Egyptian Special Forces 1558:human rights violations 1527:1970 Arab League summit 1281:Order of the White Lion 261:Prime Minister of Egypt 215:(1961–1965, 1968–1970) 32:Nasser (disambiguation) 20430:People of the Cold War 19301:Neoclassical economics 18812:Gulf of Sidra incident 18369:1969 Libyan revolution 18060:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 17845:1954 Geneva Conference 17605:Turkish straits crisis 17600:Corfu Channel incident 16756:1969 Libyan revolution 16634:1941 Iraqi coup d'état 15468: 15460: 15452: 15444: 15436: 15189: 15161: 15101: 15088:Second Syrian Republic 15008: 14963: 14935: 14802: 14541:Mohamed Sedki Sulayman 14421:1.02 (2019): 1950003. 14411:32.3 (2017): 593–608. 14402:Middle Eastern Studies 14313:Wilford, Hugh (2013). 13920:Rogan, Eugene (2011), 13649:Jordan in the 1967 War 13485:Kandil, Hazem (2012), 13362:Herf, Jeffrey (2009). 13211:Ferris, Jesse (2013), 13039:Daigle, Craig (2012), 12818:Botman, Selma (1988), 12767:Bidwell, Robin Leonard 12477:Copp, John W. (1986). 11929:The Socialist Register 10416:Meital, Yoram (2000). 7934:Tan & Acharya 2008 7133:. Simon and Schuster. 6514:Stephens, 1972, p. 22. 6010: 5905: 5881:Abd al-Hamid, b. 1951. 5850: 5725: 5550:Stephen Roth Institute 5513:Anti-Defamation League 4191: 4170:, which resulted in a 4137: 4126: 4115: 4100:United Nasserist Party 4021: 3975: 3908: 3824: 3804: 3717: 3691: 3683: 3635: 3607:with Egypt and Syria. 3586: 3569:Nasser (center), King 3507: 3484:intelligence apparatus 3420:, which serves as the 3407: 3317: 3281:On 8 February 1963, a 3242: 3158: 3106: 3061: 2997: 2954: 2937: 2853: 2814:(president) of Egypt. 2738: 2649: 2638: 2590: 2494: 2479:Faisal of Saudi Arabia 2461:Adoption of neutralism 2391: 2338: 2331: 2320: 2305: 2252: 2236: 2225: 2143: 2048: 1897: 1874:Egyptian Armed Force's 1858:Abdeen Palace Incident 1820: 1785:Royal Military Academy 1465:skyrocketed after his 1039:Free Officers Movement 582:Himself (as President) 291:Mohamed Sedki Sulayman 227:Ali Sabri (1965–1968) 135:Mohamed Sedki Sulayman 20295:Anti-Zionism in Egypt 20290:Antisemitism in Egypt 20151:Russia–NATO relations 20032:Jonathan Reed Winkler 19316:Democratic capitalism 19311:Supply-side economics 19279:American conservatism 19078:Breakup of Yugoslavia 18967:Bougainville conflict 18882:South Yemen civil war 18817:Martial law in Poland 18680:Nicaraguan Revolution 18655:Dirty War (Argentina) 18462:1971 JVP insurrection 18276:Years of Lead (Italy) 18154:North Yemen civil war 18072:Berlin Crisis of 1961 18048:Albanian–Soviet split 17980:1959 Tibetan uprising 17945:Syrian Crisis of 1957 17800:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 17660:1948 Arab–Israeli War 17314:Jordanian nationalism 17048:Arab Islamic Republic 17043:Arab Higher Committee 16920:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 16900:Salah al-Din al-Bitar 16711:North Yemen civil war 16644:Arab–Israeli conflict 15467: 15459: 15451: 15443: 15435: 15187: 15159: 15100:First Syrian Republic 15099: 15007:First Syrian Republic 15006: 14995:First Syrian Republic 14961: 14933: 14801:Coat of arms of Egypt 14800: 14297:John Wiley & Sons 14291:Weston, Mark (2008), 14222:Yaqub, Salim (2004), 13765:The Middle East Today 13725:Yale University Press 13715:Osman, Tarek (2011), 13469:, Long Acre, London: 13321:McFarland and Company 13045:Yale University Press 12860:Brooks, Risa (2008), 12611:Nasser Life and Times 12559:Nasser, the Last Arab 12512:muzej-jugoslavije.org 12436:. Warsaw. p. 49. 11101:Bernard-Maugiron 2008 8361:International Affairs 6505:Aburish, 2004, p. 12. 6097:Order of the Republic 6008: 5903: 5840: 5708: 5257:William Luther Pierce 4935:The International Jew 4847:Stab-in-the-back myth 4830:Rootless cosmopolitan 4225:freedom of expression 4186: 4131: 4121: 4113: 4015: 3970: 3962:Jacques Chaban-Delmas 3906: 3810: 3787:Nasser observing the 3786: 3715: 3686: 3681: 3654:from Jordan, and the 3613: 3568: 3517:universal health care 3505: 3424:leading authority in 3386: 3355:, and Prime Minister 3308: 3228: 3221:North Yemen Civil War 3157:, Syria, October 1960 3152: 3088: 3056: 2987: 2952: 2935: 2835: 2733: 2678:technical specialist 2655:Algerian independence 2644: 2628: 2599:Constitution of Egypt 2588: 2555:Arab–Israeli conflict 2468: 2373: 2336: 2326: 2314: 2303: 2250: 2231: 2219: 2133: 2022: 1910:Arab Higher Committee 1906:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1887: 1880:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1815:Nasser (center) with 1814: 1503:North Yemen Civil War 1479:Tripartite Aggression 1347:Order of the Republic 1257:Order of the Republic 1086:North Yemen civil war 1034:Arab Higher Committee 1012:Deputy prime minister 911:1948 Arab–Israeli War 889:Years of service 883:Egyptian Armed Forces 198:Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj 19572:Non-Aligned Movement 19194:Peaceful coexistence 19148:North Borneo dispute 19063:German reunification 19058:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 18756:Salvadoran Civil War 18705:Grand Mosque seizure 18700:Yemenite War of 1979 18592:Mozambican Civil War 18547:Carnation Revolution 18502:Yemenite War of 1972 18440:1970 Polish protests 18271:1967 Hong Kong riots 18246:Argentine Revolution 18196:Guatemalan Civil War 18124:Cuban Missile Crisis 18038:Bay of Pigs Invasion 17910:1956 Poznań protests 17888:Geneva Summit (1955) 17490:Hukbalahap Rebellion 17469:Non-Aligned Movement 17349:Tunisian nationalism 17319:Lebanese nationalism 17279:Egyptian nationalism 17274:Algerian nationalism 17178:United Arab Republic 17053:Arab Liberation Army 17033:Arab Ba'ath Movement 16890:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 15188:Syrian Arab Republic 15176:Syrian Arab Republic 15160:United Arab Republic 15148:United Arab Republic 14857:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 14701:Kamal el-Din Hussein 14656:Abdel Latif Boghdadi 14018:Simon & Schuster 13922:The Arabs: A History 13803:Podeh, Elie (2004), 13785:Podeh, Elie (1999), 13763:Peretz, Don (1994), 13630:Nehru: Man Among Men 13560:Kyle, Keith (2011), 13471:Odhams Press Limited 13229:Ginat, Rami (2010), 13155:, Washington, D.C.: 13061:Dann, Uriel (1989), 12802:Simon & Schuster 12413:on 28 September 2018 12319:prazskyhradarchiv.cz 6626:Abdel Nasser, Hoda. 6292:جمال عبد الناصر حسين 5997:Public Affairs Press 5740:, Sudan, and Libya. 5634:Zionist antisemitism 5441:Martyrdom in Judaism 5167:Richard Girnt Butler 4920:Hitlers Zweites Buch 4506:textbook controversy 4199:. President Sadat's 4082:'s 1997 founding of 3927:. Nasser was also a 3795:. General Commander 3769:political repression 3533:Arab Socialist Union 3480:state within a state 3365:Non-Aligned Movement 2979:United Arab Republic 2924:United Arab Republic 2918:United Arab Republic 2846:Saud of Saudi Arabia 2401:Palestinian fedayeen 2262:Abdel Latif Boghdadi 2212:Disputes with Naguib 2033:Kamel el-Din Hussein 2029:Abdel Latif Boghdadi 1967:The Egyptian singer 1826:King Fuad University 1819:(left) in army, 1940 1797:Return of the Spirit 1773:Egyptian nationalism 1487:United Arab Republic 1345:Grand Cordon BAR of 1336:Order of the Virtues 1255:Grand Cordon of the 1071:United Arab Republic 983:Arab Socialist Union 870:United Arab Republic 775:Arab Socialist Union 755:United Arab Republic 716:جمال عبد الناصر حسين 590:Non-Aligned Movement 204:Kamal el-Din Hussein 180:Abdel Latif Boghdadi 140:Himself (1967–1970) 119:Himself (1954–1962) 20470:Socialist feminists 20450:Presidents of Syria 20390:Egyptian socialists 20330:Critics of Islamism 20285:Abdel Nasser family 20017:Alex von Tunzelmann 20007:Vladimir Tismăneanu 19932:Thomas J. McCormick 19927:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 19827:Robert Hugh Ferrell 19690:Crusade for Freedom 19487:Illiberal democracy 19371:Ho Chi Minh Thought 19174:Eisenhower Doctrine 19027:Peaceful Revolution 19022:Romanian Revolution 19002:Revolutions of 1989 18987:1988 Polish strikes 18897:Operation INFEKTION 18892:1987 Lieyu massacre 18797:Eritrean Civil Wars 18780:Peruvian Revolution 18730:1979 Herat uprising 18720:Sino-Vietnamese War 18685:Uganda–Tanzania War 18665:Egyptian–Libyan War 18632:Third Indochina War 18627:Sino-Albanian split 18617:Ethiopian Civil War 18517:Eritrean Civil Wars 18457:Ping-pong diplomacy 18430:Cambodian Civil War 18256:Korean DMZ Conflict 18241:Cultural Revolution 18211:Dominican Civil War 18189:Tlatelolco massacre 17975:1959 Mosul uprising 17965:1958 Lebanon crisis 17692:Al-Wathbah uprising 17615:First Indochina War 17585:Iran crisis of 1946 17339:Sahrawi nationalism 16696:1959 Mosul uprising 16629:Great Syrian Revolt 14909:Presidents of Syria 14404:53.1 (2017): 51–68. 14344:, London: Longman, 14217:on 20 November 2016 13992:Options for Lebanon 13826:Pollack, Kenneth M. 13255:Infobase Publishing 12260:w.syrianhistory.com 11921:Abdel-Malek, Anouar 11251:. 20 September 2012 11152:on 19 November 2012 10823:. 26 September 2010 10422:Middle East Journal 9244:Avi Shlaim (2008). 9173:, pp. 208–209. 6449:حسام الدين الأمير, 5922:high blood pressure 5701:Regional leadership 5483:Spanish Inquisition 5382:Rhineland massacres 4892:Culture of Critique 4746:Cultural Bolshevism 4233:Miles Copeland, Jr. 3731:Khartoum Resolution 3583:mutual defense pact 3256:Khartoum Resolution 2884:Sulayman al-Nabulsi 2879:Eisenhower Doctrine 2838:Sulayman al-Nabulsi 2744:UN Security Council 2735:Movietone newsreels 2691:British imperialism 2220:Nasser (right) and 2194:Agrarian Reform Law 2047:, and Ahmad Shawki. 1961:square phylacteries 1953:"religious platoon" 1862:Hussein Sirri Pasha 1740:, the lives of the 1681:leaving certificate 1635:Young Egypt Society 1234:Yugoslav Great Star 20355:Egyptian feminists 20255:Gamal Abdel Nasser 20171:Russian Revolution 19967:Mary Elise Sarotte 19952:William B. Pickett 19877:Patrick J. Hearden 19857:Gabriel Gorodetsky 19852:Timothy Garton Ash 19837:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 19432:Ethnic nationalism 19184:Hallstein Doctrine 19068:Yemeni unification 18857:1985 Geneva Summit 18822:Casamance conflict 18725:New Jewel Movement 18710:Iranian Revolution 18695:Chadian–Libyan War 18642:Cambodian conflict 18622:Lebanese Civil War 18612:Western Sahara War 18587:June 1976 protests 18582:Cambodian genocide 18347:17 July Revolution 18301:Nigerian Civil War 18216:Rhodesian Bush War 18201:Colombian conflict 18144:Ramadan Revolution 17883:Bandung Conference 17759:Operation Valuable 17640:Partition of India 17344:Syrian nationalism 17324:Libyan nationalism 17284:Greater Mauritania 17200:The Arab Awakening 17183:United Arab States 17158:Rejectionist Front 16965:Gamal Abdel Nasser 16776:Yemeni unification 16766:Lebanese Civil War 16746:17 July Revolution 16716:Ramadan Revolution 16691:14 July Revolution 15476:Sultanate of Egypt 15469: 15461: 15453: 15445: 15437: 15318:Khedivate of Egypt 15190: 15162: 15102: 15009: 14964: 14936: 14816:Gamal Abdel Nasser 14803: 14651:Gamal Abdel Nasser 14473:President of Egypt 14458:Political offices 14376:(Routledge, 2019). 13508:Kimmerling, Baruch 13427:Ashgate Publishing 13366:. Yale University. 12564:St. Martin's Press 12458:on 26 October 2012 12155:, pp. 313–320 12110:. Al-Masry Al-Youm 11979:on 5 February 2009 11548:Al-Jazeera English 11517:The New York Times 11289:, pp. 100–101 11212:Al Jazeera English 11187:. 18 November 2011 11060:Gamal Abdel Nasser 10851:, pp. 315–316 10743:, pp. 309–310 10632:, pp. 297–298 10591:, pp. 288–290 10549:, pp. 299–301 10406:, pp. 270–271 10313:, pp. 268–269 10215:, pp. 260–261 10174:, pp. 252–254 10026:, pp. 254–255 10011:, pp. 158–159 9902:, pp. 238–239 9887:, pp. 363–365 9875:, pp. 258–259 9863:, pp. 235–236 9851:, pp. 205–206 9752:, pp. 235–237 9733:, pp. 200–201 9714:, pp. 140–141 9646:, pp. 222–223 9625:, pp. 243–244 9574:, pp. 215–217 9533:, pp. 209–211 9485:, pp. 207–208 9453:, pp. 204–205 9422:, pp. 189–191 9368:, pp. 179–180 9344:, pp. 181–183 9314:, pp. 176–178 9283:, pp. 169–170 9134:, pp. 174–175 9002:, pp. 161–162 8985:, pp. 160–161 8949:, pp. 202–203 8925:, pp. 150–151 8901:, pp. 199–200 8862:, pp. 191–192 8845:, pp. 138–139 8822:, pp. 130–131 8771:, pp. 181–182 8697:, pp. 135–136 8601:on 25 January 2008 8522:, pp. 113–114 8507:, pp. 445–446 8425:, pp. 118–119 8329:, pp. 103–104 8185:, pp. 105–106 8038:, pp. 111–112 7787:, pp. 331–332 6459:on 29 January 2022 6427:has generic name ( 6011: 5906: 5851: 5823:television series 5817:Gamal Abdel Nasser 5780:produced the film 5726: 5451:Pale of Settlement 5357:Gamal Abdel Nasser 5277:Kevin Alfred Strom 5262:Richard B. Spencer 5105:Triple parentheses 4988:The Turner Diaries 4961:Our Race Will Rule 4930:1988 Hamas Charter 4724:Antisemitic tropes 4610:Christian Identity 4543:Conservative Party 4192: 4138: 4116: 4022: 3976: 3909: 3887:Arab League summit 3825: 3805: 3726:Arab League summit 3718: 3684: 3636: 3632:Abd al-Rahman Arif 3624:Abdullah al-Sallal 3587: 3525:vocational schools 3521:affordable housing 3508: 3408: 3322:Arab League summit 3318: 3315:Abdullah al-Sallal 3247:Abdullah al-Sallal 3243: 3239:Arab League summit 3159: 3123:revolution in Iraq 3107: 3103:Abdel Hamid Sarraj 3020:over pan-Arabism. 3010:Abdel Hamid Sarraj 3006:United Arab States 2998: 2994:United Arab States 2955: 2938: 2863:Voice of the Arabs 2854: 2739: 2687:Suez Canal Company 2650: 2639: 2591: 2549:, support for the 2499:Bandung Conference 2495: 2491:Bandung Conference 2404:tightening of the 2392: 2339: 2321: 2306: 2253: 2237: 2226: 2207:Road to presidency 2174:lieutenant colonel 2144: 2120:Revolution of 1952 2101:Hussein Sirri Amer 2061:Ibrahim Abdel Hadi 2049: 1981:Muslim Brotherhood 1976:during the siege. 1898: 1821: 1471:Suez Canal Company 1444:Muslim Brotherhood 1432:president of Egypt 1076:Operation Damocles 948:Gamal Abdel Nasser 901:Lieutenant colonel 735:Sultanate of Egypt 85:President of Egypt 52:Gamal Abdel Nasser 20425:Muslim socialists 20410:Holocaust deniers 20350:Egyptian colonels 20300:Anti-imperialists 20242: 20241: 20202: 20201: 20189:List of conflicts 20037:Rudolph Winnacker 19982:Giles Scott-Smith 19957:Ronald E. Powaski 19912:Melvyn P. Leffler 19842:John Lewis Gaddis 19817:Robert D. English 19782:Warren H. Carroll 19772:Michael Beschloss 19741:Nuclear arms race 19722: 19721: 19628:Neues Deutschland 19530: 19529: 19512:White nationalism 19482:Liberal democracy 19219:Ulbricht Doctrine 19209:Brezhnev Doctrine 19017:Velvet Revolution 18761:Soviet–Afghan War 18577:Angolan Civil War 18374:Goulash Communism 18231:ASEAN Declaration 18184:Mexican Dirty War 18082:Annexation of Goa 18033:1960 U-2 incident 18007:Sino-Soviet split 17985:Laotian Civil War 17825:Bricker Amendment 17805:Mau Mau rebellion 17749:Malayan Emergency 17737:Chinese Civil War 17697:Tito–Stalin split 17551:Division of Korea 17375: 17374: 17304:Iraqi nationalism 16995:Constantin Zureiq 16845:Abdul Rahman Arif 16825:Butrus al-Bustani 16511: 16510: 16308: 16307: 15925: 15924: 15701:Republic of Egypt 15260: 15259: 14934:Syrian Federation 14922:Syrian Federation 14875: 14874: 14739: 14738: 14706:Abdel Moneim Amin 14691:Hussein el-Shafei 14676:Zakaria Mohieddin 14589: 14588: 14580:Succeeded by 14553:Succeeded by 14528:Succeeded by 14505:Succeeded by 14480:Succeeded by 14434:Waterbury, John. 14427:Shechter, Relli. 14372:Hasou, Tawfig Y. 14351:978-0-582-03388-7 14328:978-0-465-01965-6 14306:978-0-470-18257-4 14284:978-1-85043-064-3 14259:978-0-85664-433-7 14237:978-0-8078-5508-9 14172:978-9971-69-393-0 14150:978-0-7391-1784-2 14128:978-0-8156-2354-0 14104:978-0-19-511739-4 14073:978-1-107-00236-4 14049:978-0-7146-3356-5 14027:978-0-671-21224-7 14005:978-1-85043-928-8 13983:978-0-520-06976-3 13956:978-0-7656-1747-7 13931:978-0-465-02822-1 13913:978-0-88297-028-8 13895:978-0-313-26213-5 13877:978-0-8122-4498-4 13864:How Rivalries End 13847:978-0-8032-3733-9 13834:Lincoln, Nebraska 13818:978-0-8130-2704-3 13796:978-1-902210-20-9 13778:978-0-275-94576-3 13756:978-0-8130-1383-1 13734:978-0-300-16275-2 13708:978-0-525-16415-9 13697:, New York City: 13679:978-3-933127-61-7 13659:978-0-521-52858-0 13639:978-81-7099-196-0 13621:978-1-58648-680-8 13597:978-0-691-13780-3 13575:978-1-84885-533-5 13553:978-0-7146-4840-8 13531:978-0-674-01129-8 13500:978-1-84467-962-1 13458:978-1-58826-034-5 13436:978-0-7546-6170-2 13414:978-1-86064-963-9 13389:978-0-674-01017-8 13355:978-0-385-06447-7 13344:, New York City: 13330:978-0-7864-4156-3 13304:978-1-243-97653-6 13286:978-0-520-21925-0 13264:978-0-8160-6672-8 13240:978-1-84519-396-6 13222:978-0-691-15514-2 13204:978-0-86372-211-0 13186:978-1-135-09415-7 13166:978-1-58603-757-4 13141:978-0-87395-080-0 13116:978-0-691-10273-3 13094:978-1-136-22018-0 13072:978-0-19-536121-6 13054:978-0-300-16713-9 13032:978-0-7146-4772-2 13010:978-0-7099-0721-3 12992:978-0-19-979526-0 12967:978-0-521-00780-1 12945:978-1-55587-559-6 12919:978-0-521-86951-5 12897:978-0-231-12038-8 12875:978-0-691-12980-8 12853:978-1-84467-010-9 12829:978-0-8156-2443-1 12811:978-1-4165-4440-1 12784:978-0-7103-0505-3 12759:978-977-416-201-5 12737:978-977-424-890-0 12712:978-0-7914-9541-4 12690:978-0-275-99589-8 12668:978-0-7914-9499-8 12646:978-0-415-41449-4 12624:978-1-904341-83-3 12602:978-0-415-17352-0 12573:978-0-312-28683-5 12537:, New York City: 12531:Abdelmalek, Anwar 12514:. September 2020. 12490:10.15760/etd.5681 12108:Egypt Independent 11967:"Muammar Gaddafi" 11834:978-0-297-78719-8 11807:978-0-19-530429-9 11776:978-1-58648-510-8 11309:Egypt Independent 11244:Egypt Independent 10712:978-1-4128-2418-7 10697:Itamar Rabinovich 10085:978-0-253-34298-0 9514:, pp. 55–56. 9257:978-0-307-27051-1 7140:978-0-7432-3464-1 6369:. Merriam-Webster 5772:Portrayal in film 5684: 5683: 5466:Russian Civil War 5407:Ghettos in Europe 5237:Ernest G. Liebold 5136:Prominent figures 5017:The Daily Stormer 4907:Ethnic Cleansing 4887:The Barnes Review 4766:Franklin Prophecy 4244:Zakaria Mohieddin 4211:Some of Nasser's 4048:influence waned. 4038:liberal democracy 4026:British influence 3893:Death and funeral 3883:military campaign 3857:Lebanese military 3845:Palestinian state 3841:Battle of Karameh 3801:Abdel Moneim Riad 3743:UN Resolution 242 3724:At the 29 August 3713: 3640:Israeli Air Force 3571:Hussein of Jordan 3541:Hussein el-Shafei 3474:Rivalry with Amer 3401:Hussein el-Shafei 3397:Zakaria Mohieddin 3300:Nasserist colonel 3272:pro-Nasser clique 3095:crisis in Lebanon 3042:Abdel Karim Qasim 3034:Nikita Khrushchev 3018:pan-Islamic unity 2975:Shukri al-Quwatli 2950: 2933: 2891:Hussein of Jordan 2842:Hussein of Jordan 2796:forced expulsions 2731: 2611:National Assembly 2607:public referendum 2431:Western countries 2360:Abdel Halim Hafez 2312: 2258:secretary-general 2248: 2025:Zakaria Mohieddin 1766:Winston Churchill 1754:Otto von Bismarck 1683:later that year. 1611:and, in 1923, to 1425: 1424: 1357:Order of the Nile 956: 955: 920: 919: 865:Republic of Egypt 744:28 September 1970 676: 675: 544:Zakaria Mohieddin 213:Hussein el-Shafei 129:Zakaria Mohieddin 16:(Redirected from 20477: 20365:Egyptian Muslims 20310:Burials in Egypt 20231: 20230: 20229: 20219: 20218: 20217: 20210: 19947:David S. Painter 19872:John Earl Haynes 19802:Nicholas J. Cull 19787:Adrian Cioroianu 19767:Thomas A. Bailey 19714:Voice of America 19605: 19604: 19517:White separatism 19497:Social democracy 19492:Guided democracy 19472:Authoritarianism 19422:Ultranationalism 19412:Anti-imperialism 19339:Marxism–Leninism 19252: 19251: 19239:Kinmen Agreement 19204:Johnson Doctrine 19189:Kennedy Doctrine 19105:Frozen conflicts 19088:1991 August Coup 18977:Afghan Civil War 18872:Reykjavík Summit 18867:Somali Rebellion 18807:Ugandan Bush War 18785:Gdańsk Agreement 18306:Protests of 1968 18286:War of Attrition 17995:Cuban Revolution 17931:We will bury you 17898:Cyprus Emergency 17878:Kashmir Princess 17868:Jebel Akhdar War 17717:Western betrayal 17402: 17395: 17388: 17379: 17378: 17365: 17364: 17238:Eagle of Saladin 16945:Amin al-Husseini 16910:Faisal I of Iraq 16880:Sultan al-Atrash 16875:Mansur al-Atrash 16850:Abdul Salam Arif 16659:War of Attrition 16545:Arab nationalism 16538: 16531: 16524: 16515: 16514: 16335: 16328: 16321: 16312: 16311: 15952: 15945: 15938: 15929: 15928: 15914: 15904: 15892: 15882: 15516:Kingdom of Egypt 15299: 15298: 15287: 15280: 15273: 15264: 15263: 15255: 14902: 14895: 14888: 14879: 14878: 14839:Muhammad Tantawi 14778: 14777: 14766: 14759: 14752: 14743: 14742: 14681:Khaled Mohieddin 14661:Abdel Hakim Amer 14628: 14621: 14614: 14605: 14604: 14592: 14591: 14563:Preceded by 14538:Preceded by 14513:Preceded by 14490:Preceded by 14463:Preceded by 14455: 14454: 14395:Cold War History 14386:Khalifah, Omar. 14354: 14343: 14332: 14320: 14309: 14287: 14262: 14240: 14218: 14216: 14210:, archived from 14185: 14175: 14153: 14131: 14107: 14085: 14076: 14052: 14040:Psychology Press 14030: 14008: 13986: 13959: 13934: 13916: 13898: 13880: 13866:, Philadelphia: 13858: 13821: 13799: 13781: 13759: 13737: 13722: 13711: 13696: 13687:Nutting, Anthony 13682: 13662: 13642: 13624: 13600: 13578: 13556: 13544:Psychology Press 13534: 13503: 13481: 13461: 13439: 13417: 13392: 13367: 13358: 13333: 13318: 13307: 13289: 13267: 13243: 13225: 13207: 13189: 13169: 13149:Dokos, Thanos P. 13144: 13119: 13097: 13075: 13057: 13035: 13023:Psychology Press 13013: 12995: 12970: 12948: 12933: 12922: 12900: 12878: 12856: 12832: 12814: 12787: 12762: 12740: 12715: 12693: 12671: 12649: 12627: 12605: 12585:Sherwood, Marika 12576: 12554:Aburish, Said K. 12549: 12516: 12515: 12509: 12501: 12495: 12494: 12492: 12474: 12468: 12467: 12465: 12463: 12454:. Archived from 12444: 12438: 12437: 12429: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12418: 12412: 12406:. Archived from 12401: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12382: 12367: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12356: 12346: 12337: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12311: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12300: 12289: 12283: 12277: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12266: 12252: 12246: 12240: 12234: 12228: 12222: 12219:Goldschmidt 2008 12216: 12207: 12201: 12192: 12186: 12180: 12174: 12168: 12162: 12156: 12150: 12144: 12138: 12132: 12126: 12120: 12119: 12117: 12115: 12099: 12093: 12087: 12081: 12080: 12078: 12076: 12058: 12052: 12046: 12040: 12034: 12028: 12022: 12013: 12007: 12001: 11995: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11984: 11975:. Archived from 11962: 11956: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11942: 11940: 11917: 11911: 11905: 11894: 11888: 11882: 11876: 11870: 11864: 11858: 11857: 11849: 11843: 11842: 11818: 11812: 11811: 11787: 11781: 11780: 11762: 11756: 11750: 11744: 11738: 11732: 11726: 11720: 11714: 11705: 11699: 11693: 11687: 11678: 11677: 11645: 11639: 11633: 11627: 11621: 11612: 11606: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11583:. Archived from 11570: 11564: 11563: 11561: 11559: 11538: 11529: 11528: 11526: 11524: 11510:(25 July 2013). 11504: 11498: 11497: 11496: 11494: 11476: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11447: 11441: 11435: 11429: 11423: 11417: 11411: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11400: 11382: 11376: 11370: 11364: 11358: 11349: 11343: 11337: 11331: 11325: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11314:Al-Masry Al-Youm 11299: 11290: 11284: 11278: 11277:, pp. 67–68 11272: 11261: 11260: 11258: 11256: 11249:Al-Masry Al-Youm 11235: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11224: 11203: 11197: 11196: 11194: 11192: 11171: 11162: 11161: 11159: 11157: 11137: 11131: 11125: 11116: 11110: 11104: 11098: 11092: 11086: 11075: 11069: 11063: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11046: 11041:on 6 August 2009 11037:. Archived from 11021:Shukrallah, Hani 11017: 11000: 10994: 10985: 10979: 10973: 10967: 10952: 10946: 10940: 10934: 10928: 10927: 10917: 10911: 10905: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10894: 10889:on 13 March 2010 10873: 10852: 10846: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10811: 10805: 10799: 10786: 10780: 10771: 10765: 10756: 10750: 10744: 10738: 10732: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10693: 10687: 10681: 10675: 10669: 10660: 10654: 10645: 10639: 10633: 10627: 10616: 10610: 10604: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10577: 10571: 10565: 10559: 10550: 10544: 10538: 10532: 10523: 10517: 10506: 10500: 10489: 10483: 10477: 10471: 10465: 10459: 10450: 10444: 10438: 10437: 10413: 10407: 10401: 10395: 10389: 10383: 10382:, pp. 89–90 10377: 10368: 10362: 10353: 10347: 10338: 10332: 10326: 10320: 10314: 10308: 10299: 10293: 10287: 10281: 10272: 10266: 10255: 10249: 10243: 10237: 10228: 10222: 10216: 10210: 10199: 10193: 10187: 10181: 10175: 10169: 10163: 10157: 10151: 10145: 10136: 10130: 10121: 10115: 10106: 10100: 10094: 10093: 10073: 10063: 10054: 10053:, pp. 77–78 10048: 10042: 10036: 10027: 10021: 10012: 10006: 10000: 9994: 9988: 9982: 9969: 9963: 9957: 9951: 9942: 9936: 9927: 9921: 9915: 9909: 9903: 9897: 9888: 9882: 9876: 9870: 9864: 9858: 9852: 9846: 9835: 9829: 9823: 9822:, pp. 71–72 9817: 9811: 9805: 9799: 9793: 9782: 9776: 9765: 9759: 9753: 9747: 9734: 9728: 9715: 9709: 9698: 9692: 9686: 9680: 9674: 9668: 9662: 9656: 9647: 9641: 9626: 9620: 9611: 9610:, pp. 82–83 9605: 9599: 9593: 9587: 9581: 9575: 9569: 9558: 9557:, pp. 76–77 9552: 9546: 9540: 9534: 9528: 9515: 9509: 9503: 9497: 9486: 9480: 9469: 9463: 9454: 9448: 9435: 9429: 9423: 9417: 9408: 9402: 9396: 9390: 9381: 9375: 9369: 9363: 9357: 9351: 9345: 9339: 9330: 9324: 9315: 9309: 9296: 9290: 9284: 9278: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9220: 9215: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9192: 9186: 9180: 9174: 9168: 9162: 9156: 9150: 9144: 9135: 9129: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9034:Cold War History 9024: 9015: 9009: 9003: 8997: 8986: 8980: 8974: 8968: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8937:, pp. 44–45 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8863: 8857: 8846: 8840: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8787: 8781: 8772: 8766: 8753: 8747: 8741: 8735: 8726: 8720: 8709: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8681: 8675: 8669: 8663: 8654: 8648: 8642: 8636: 8630: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8590: 8584: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8562:. United Nations 8556: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8532: 8523: 8517: 8508: 8502: 8491: 8485: 8476: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8447: 8441: 8426: 8420: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8373: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8294: 8288: 8282: 8276: 8270: 8264: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8233: 8224: 8218: 8201: 8198:Goldschmidt 2008 8195: 8186: 8180: 8174: 8168: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8126: 8120: 8114: 8108: 8102: 8096: 8087: 8081: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8054: 8039: 8033: 8027: 8021: 8015: 8009: 8003: 7997: 7991: 7990:, pp. 65–66 7985: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7958: 7952: 7946: 7937: 7931: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7882:Cold War History 7872: 7866: 7865:, pp. 45–46 7860: 7854: 7848: 7833: 7832:, pp. 38–39 7827: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7773: 7767: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7734: 7721: 7715: 7704: 7703:, pp. 54–55 7698: 7692: 7691:, pp. 52–53 7686: 7680: 7674: 7663: 7657: 7651: 7645: 7639: 7633: 7627: 7621: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7568: 7557: 7551: 7542: 7536: 7523: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7499: 7498:, pp. 46–47 7493: 7480: 7474: 7465: 7459: 7453: 7447: 7441: 7435: 7426: 7425:, pp. 38–39 7420: 7414: 7408: 7399: 7393: 7387: 7386:, pp. 36–37 7381: 7375: 7374:, pp. 35–39 7369: 7356: 7355:, pp. 34–35 7350: 7341: 7335: 7318: 7312: 7301: 7295: 7286: 7280: 7274: 7273:, pp. 27–28 7268: 7245: 7239: 7230: 7224: 7218: 7212: 7206: 7197: 7191: 7188: 7182: 7176: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7124: 7118: 7112: 7106: 7105:, pp. 25–26 7100: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7007: 7001: 6995: 6989: 6976: 6970: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6940: 6934: 6921: 6920:, pp. 15–16 6915: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6871: 6865: 6859: 6848: 6847:, pp. 26–27 6842: 6829: 6828:, pp. 11–12 6823: 6812: 6806: 6800: 6799:, pp. 19–20 6794: 6785: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6740: 6734: 6728: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6678:, pp. 33–34 6673: 6667: 6661: 6655: 6649: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6623: 6590: 6584: 6569: 6568:, pp. 28–32 6563: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6541:, pp. 12–13 6536: 6530: 6524: 6515: 6512: 6506: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6485: 6484:, pp. 23–24 6479: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6455:, archived from 6446: 6440: 6439: 6432: 6426: 6422: 6420: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6326: 6304: 6302: 6297: 6296:Egyptian Arabic: 6293: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6271: 6268: 6261: 6253: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6231: 6230: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6201: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6171: 6163: 6142:War of Attrition 6063:(DMN (K)) (1965) 6022: 5988: 5958: 5914:arteriosclerosis 5695:Johann von Leers 5676: 5669: 5662: 5648: 5647: 5327:Nichifor Crainic 5272:Julius Streicher 5212:Heinrich Himmler 5077:Renegade Tribune 4798:Judeo-Bolshevism 4777: 4771:Host desecration 4751:Cultural Marxism 4637:Holocaust denial 4277: 4254: 4253: 4030:developing world 3917:arteriosclerosis 3829:War of Attrition 3793:War of Attrition 3741:Nasser accepted 3714: 3695: 3650:from Egypt, the 3575:Abdel Hakim Amer 3513:new constitution 3287:Abdel Salam Aref 3235:Abdel Salam Aref 3176:Khaled Mohieddin 3111:Abdel Salam Aref 3099:Akram al-Hawrani 3080:Jebel Akhdar War 3073:, culminated in 3065: 3030:Akram al-Hawrani 2990:Muhammad al-Badr 2951: 2934: 2840:of Jordan, King 2792:prisoners of war 2753:secret agreement 2732: 2699:Henry A. Byroade 2615:women's suffrage 2574:Jawaharlal Nehru 2451:Benito Mussolini 2437:and concluded a 2364:Arab nationalist 2313: 2249: 2085:Khaled Mohieddin 2037:Abdel Hakim Amer 1866:Mostafa El-Nahas 1839:Abdel Hakim Amer 1716:Early influences 1704: 1692: 1632:ultranationalist 1542:anti-imperialist 1519:War of Attrition 1417: 1410: 1403: 1384: 1377: 1369: 1355: 1344: 1334: 1324: 1314: 1302: 1290: 1278: 1266: 1254: 1243: 1232: 1059: 1016: 1009: 1002: 952: 951: 949: 942: 941: 933: 926: 925: 922: 921: 860:Kingdom of Egypt 848:Military service 843: 824:Military officer 799: 797: 747: 727: 725: 718: 717: 712: 701:Personal details 667: 655: 646: 636: 633:Chairman of the 622: 610: 601: 591: 579: 569: 560: 541: 531: 521: 512: 493: 481: 471: 462: 450: 438: 428: 419: 396: 395: 387: 377: 360: 348: 338: 312: 298: 288: 271: 249: 237: 186:Abdel Hakim Amer 174:Akram al-Hawrani 162: 152: 114: 104: 95: 71: 61: 43: 42: 21: 20485: 20484: 20480: 20479: 20478: 20476: 20475: 20474: 20245: 20244: 20243: 20238: 20237: 20227: 20225: 20215: 20213: 20205: 20203: 20198: 20175: 20166:Second Cold War 20124: 20052: 20046: 20022:Odd Arne Westad 20012:Patrick Vaughan 19997:Athan Theoharis 19977:Ellen Schrecker 19962:Yakov M. Rabkin 19937:Timothy Naftali 19882:Tvrtko Jakovina 19867:Jussi Hanhimäki 19750: 19728: 19718: 19696:Paix et Liberté 19671: 19615:Active measures 19596: 19526: 19507:White supremacy 19467:Totalitarianism 19395: 19320: 19243: 19229:Reagan Doctrine 19224:Carter Doctrine 19164:Truman Doctrine 19152: 19099: 19031: 18926:Soviet reaction 18837:Ndogboyosoi War 18744: 18715:Saur Revolution 18542:1973 oil crisis 18507:Munich massacre 18415:Alcora Exercise 18410:Black September 18388: 18134:Sino-Indian War 18028:Simba rebellion 18011: 17855:Capture of the 17763: 17702:Berlin Blockade 17635:May 1947 crises 17625:Truman Doctrine 17590:Greek Civil War 17579:Blacklist Forty 17546:Gouzenko Affair 17533:Cursed soldiers 17485:Morgenthau Plan 17473: 17411: 17406: 17376: 17371: 17353: 17289:Greater Morocco 17262: 17258:Pan-Arab colors 17253:Hawk of Quraish 17219: 17187: 17038:Arab Federation 16999: 16985:Abdullah Rimawi 16960:Mostéfa Merarda 16915:Muammar Gaddafi 16895:Ahmed Ben Bella 16870:Jamal al-Atassi 16860:Bashar al-Assad 16811: 16780: 16761:Black September 16639:Anglo-Iraqi War 16583: 16547: 16542: 16512: 16507: 16344: 16339: 16309: 16304: 16183: 15971: 15970:Organisation of 15965: 15956: 15926: 15921: 15865: 15791:A. F. Mohieddin 15703: 15695: 15518: 15510: 15478: 15470: 15462: 15454: 15446: 15438: 15427: 15320: 15312: 15301:Prime ministers 15293: 15291: 15261: 15256: 15253: 15247: 15178: 15170: 15150: 15142: 15090: 15082: 14997: 14989: 14952: 14944: 14924: 14916: 14906: 14876: 14871: 14861: 14804: 14790: 14772: 14770: 14740: 14735: 14637: 14632: 14597: 14585: 14576: 14568: 14566:Josip Broz Tito 14558: 14549: 14543: 14533: 14524: 14518: 14508: 14501: 14493: 14485: 14476: 14468: 14445: 14362: 14360:Further reading 14357: 14352: 14329: 14321:. Basic Books. 14307: 14285: 14260: 14238: 14226:, Chapel Hill: 14214: 14183: 14173: 14151: 14141:Lexington Books 14129: 14105: 14074: 14050: 14028: 14006: 13984: 13957: 13932: 13914: 13896: 13878: 13848: 13819: 13807:, Gainesville: 13797: 13779: 13757: 13745:, Gainesville: 13735: 13709: 13680: 13660: 13640: 13622: 13598: 13576: 13554: 13532: 13512:Migdal, Joel S. 13501: 13459: 13437: 13415: 13397:Hourani, Albert 13390: 13372:Hourani, Albert 13356: 13331: 13305: 13287: 13265: 13241: 13223: 13205: 13187: 13167: 13142: 13117: 13095: 13073: 13055: 13033: 13011: 12993: 12975:Cook, Steven A. 12968: 12946: 12920: 12898: 12876: 12854: 12830: 12812: 12785: 12760: 12738: 12713: 12691: 12669: 12647: 12625: 12615:Haus Publishing 12603: 12574: 12525: 12520: 12519: 12507: 12503: 12502: 12498: 12475: 12471: 12461: 12459: 12446: 12445: 12441: 12430: 12426: 12416: 12414: 12410: 12404:istiadat.gov.my 12399: 12395: 12394: 12390: 12380: 12378: 12375:ritarikunnat.fi 12369: 12368: 12364: 12354: 12352: 12344: 12338: 12334: 12324: 12322: 12313: 12312: 12308: 12298: 12296: 12291: 12290: 12286: 12278: 12274: 12264: 12262: 12254: 12253: 12249: 12241: 12237: 12229: 12225: 12217: 12210: 12202: 12195: 12187: 12183: 12175: 12171: 12163: 12159: 12151: 12147: 12139: 12135: 12127: 12123: 12113: 12111: 12100: 12096: 12088: 12084: 12074: 12072: 12059: 12055: 12047: 12043: 12035: 12031: 12023: 12016: 12008: 12004: 11996: 11992: 11982: 11980: 11963: 11959: 11951: 11947: 11938: 11936: 11918: 11914: 11906: 11897: 11889: 11885: 11877: 11873: 11865: 11861: 11850: 11846: 11835: 11819: 11815: 11808: 11788: 11784: 11777: 11763: 11759: 11751: 11747: 11739: 11735: 11727: 11723: 11715: 11708: 11700: 11696: 11692:, pp. ix–x 11688: 11681: 11646: 11642: 11634: 11630: 11622: 11615: 11607: 11600: 11590: 11588: 11587:on 30 June 2013 11580:Al-Ahram Weekly 11571: 11567: 11557: 11555: 11539: 11532: 11522: 11520: 11505: 11501: 11492: 11490: 11477: 11473: 11463: 11461: 11448: 11444: 11436: 11432: 11424: 11420: 11412: 11408: 11398: 11396: 11383: 11379: 11371: 11367: 11359: 11352: 11344: 11340: 11332: 11328: 11318: 11316: 11300: 11293: 11285: 11281: 11273: 11264: 11254: 11252: 11237: 11236: 11232: 11222: 11220: 11205: 11204: 11200: 11190: 11188: 11173: 11172: 11165: 11155: 11153: 11146:Al-Ahram Weekly 11138: 11134: 11126: 11119: 11111: 11107: 11099: 11095: 11087: 11078: 11070: 11066: 11058: 11054: 11044: 11042: 11030:Al-Ahram Weekly 11018: 11003: 10995: 10988: 10980: 10976: 10968: 10955: 10947: 10943: 10935: 10931: 10919: 10918: 10914: 10906: 10902: 10892: 10890: 10875: 10874: 10855: 10847: 10836: 10826: 10824: 10813: 10812: 10808: 10800: 10789: 10781: 10774: 10766: 10759: 10751: 10747: 10739: 10735: 10727: 10723: 10713: 10699:; Haim Shaked. 10694: 10690: 10682: 10678: 10670: 10663: 10655: 10648: 10640: 10636: 10628: 10619: 10611: 10607: 10599: 10595: 10587: 10580: 10572: 10568: 10560: 10553: 10545: 10541: 10533: 10526: 10518: 10509: 10501: 10492: 10484: 10480: 10472: 10468: 10460: 10453: 10445: 10441: 10414: 10410: 10402: 10398: 10390: 10386: 10378: 10371: 10363: 10356: 10348: 10341: 10333: 10329: 10321: 10317: 10309: 10302: 10294: 10290: 10282: 10275: 10267: 10258: 10250: 10246: 10238: 10231: 10223: 10219: 10211: 10202: 10194: 10190: 10182: 10178: 10170: 10166: 10158: 10154: 10146: 10139: 10131: 10124: 10116: 10109: 10101: 10097: 10086: 10064: 10057: 10049: 10045: 10037: 10030: 10022: 10015: 10007: 10003: 9995: 9991: 9983: 9972: 9964: 9960: 9952: 9945: 9937: 9930: 9922: 9918: 9910: 9906: 9898: 9891: 9885:Abdelmalek 1968 9883: 9879: 9871: 9867: 9859: 9855: 9847: 9838: 9830: 9826: 9818: 9814: 9806: 9802: 9794: 9785: 9777: 9768: 9760: 9756: 9748: 9737: 9729: 9718: 9710: 9701: 9693: 9689: 9681: 9677: 9669: 9665: 9657: 9650: 9642: 9629: 9621: 9614: 9606: 9602: 9594: 9590: 9582: 9578: 9570: 9561: 9553: 9549: 9541: 9537: 9529: 9518: 9510: 9506: 9498: 9489: 9481: 9472: 9464: 9457: 9449: 9438: 9430: 9426: 9418: 9411: 9403: 9399: 9391: 9384: 9376: 9372: 9364: 9360: 9352: 9348: 9340: 9333: 9325: 9318: 9310: 9299: 9291: 9287: 9279: 9272: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9242: 9238: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9212: 9205: 9201: 9193: 9189: 9181: 9177: 9169: 9165: 9157: 9153: 9145: 9138: 9130: 9123: 9113: 9111: 9073: 9069: 9059: 9057: 9025: 9018: 9010: 9006: 8998: 8989: 8981: 8977: 8969: 8965: 8957: 8953: 8945: 8941: 8933: 8929: 8921: 8917: 8909: 8905: 8897: 8893: 8885: 8881: 8873: 8866: 8858: 8849: 8841: 8826: 8818: 8814: 8806: 8802: 8794: 8790: 8782: 8775: 8767: 8756: 8748: 8744: 8736: 8729: 8721: 8712: 8705: 8701: 8693: 8684: 8676: 8672: 8664: 8657: 8649: 8645: 8637: 8633: 8627:Wayback Machine 8618: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8591: 8587: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8558: 8557: 8553: 8545: 8541: 8533: 8526: 8518: 8511: 8503: 8494: 8486: 8479: 8471: 8467: 8459: 8450: 8442: 8429: 8421: 8412: 8404: 8400: 8392: 8388: 8380: 8376: 8367: 8365: 8349: 8345: 8337: 8333: 8325: 8321: 8313: 8309: 8301: 8297: 8289: 8285: 8277: 8273: 8265: 8258: 8248: 8246: 8235: 8234: 8227: 8219: 8204: 8196: 8189: 8181: 8177: 8169: 8158: 8150: 8146: 8138: 8129: 8121: 8117: 8109: 8105: 8097: 8090: 8082: 8075: 8067: 8063: 8055: 8042: 8034: 8030: 8022: 8018: 8010: 8006: 7998: 7994: 7986: 7979: 7971: 7967: 7959: 7955: 7947: 7940: 7932: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7873: 7869: 7861: 7857: 7849: 7836: 7828: 7815: 7807: 7803: 7795: 7791: 7783: 7776: 7768: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7735: 7724: 7716: 7707: 7699: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7675: 7666: 7658: 7654: 7646: 7642: 7634: 7630: 7622: 7613: 7605: 7601: 7593: 7589: 7581: 7577: 7569: 7560: 7552: 7545: 7537: 7526: 7518: 7514: 7506: 7502: 7494: 7483: 7475: 7468: 7460: 7456: 7448: 7444: 7436: 7429: 7421: 7417: 7409: 7402: 7394: 7390: 7382: 7378: 7370: 7359: 7351: 7344: 7336: 7321: 7313: 7304: 7296: 7289: 7281: 7277: 7269: 7248: 7240: 7233: 7225: 7221: 7213: 7209: 7198: 7194: 7189: 7185: 7177: 7170: 7160: 7158: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7141: 7125: 7121: 7113: 7109: 7101: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7070: 7063: 7055: 7051: 7043: 7039: 7031: 7027: 7019: 7010: 7002: 6998: 6990: 6979: 6971: 6967: 6959: 6955: 6947: 6943: 6935: 6924: 6916: 6905: 6897: 6893: 6883: 6881: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6860: 6851: 6843: 6832: 6824: 6815: 6807: 6803: 6795: 6788: 6780: 6776: 6768: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6741: 6737: 6729: 6725: 6717: 6713: 6705: 6694: 6686: 6682: 6674: 6670: 6664:Vatikiotis 1978 6662: 6658: 6650: 6646: 6636: 6634: 6624: 6593: 6585: 6572: 6564: 6557: 6549: 6545: 6537: 6533: 6525: 6518: 6513: 6509: 6504: 6500: 6492: 6488: 6482:Vatikiotis 1978 6480: 6471: 6462: 6460: 6447: 6443: 6433: 6424: 6423: 6414: 6413: 6406: 6404: 6394:Washington Post 6386: 6382: 6372: 6370: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6307: 6295: 6265: 6256: 6255: 6233: 6215: 6195: 6175: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6155: 6113: 6033:Foreign honours 6030: 6013:Towards Freedom 5942: 5835: 5778:Youssef Chahine 5774: 5746:Libyan monarchy 5742:Ahmed Ben Bella 5722:Tripoli Airport 5720:(right) at the 5714:Muammar Gaddafi 5703: 5680: 5639: 5638: 5619:Self-hating Jew 5609: 5601: 5600: 5521: 5503: 5493: 5492: 5377: 5367: 5366: 5342:Philippe Pétain 5337:László Ferenczy 5317:Gheorghe Buzatu 5252:Eustace Mullins 5247:Kevin MacDonald 5227:Osama bin Laden 5222:Arthur J. Jones 5207:Joseph Goebbels 5197:Theodor Fritsch 5187:Louis Farrakhan 5172:Édouard Drumont 5162:James von Brunn 5137: 5129: 5128: 5083:The Right Stuff 5001: 4993: 4992: 4979: 4976: 4965: 4962: 4940:La Libre Parole 4915:La France juive 4877: 4867: 4866: 4761:Finance control 4726: 4716: 4715: 4657:Nation of Islam 4585: 4577: 4576: 4484:Imperial Russia 4357: 4347: 4346: 4322: 4293: 4292: 4252: 4181: 4108: 4061:agrarian reform 4010: 3946:Muammar Gaddafi 3901: 3895: 3803:, November 1968 3781: 3756: 3751: 3707: 3697: 3693: 3676: 3663:Sharm el-Sheikh 3577:(right) at the 3563: 3557: 3500: 3476: 3413: 3393:al-Azhar Mosque 3381: 3375:(OAU) in 1963. 3237:(left) for the 3231:Ahmed Ben Bella 3223: 3217: 3188: 3071:Camille Chamoun 3067: 3063: 3054: 2940: 2928: 2926: 2920: 2830: 2820: 2808:Anthony Nutting 2760:Sinai Peninsula 2724: 2722: 2714:Main articles: 2712: 2659:Eden government 2657:, and the UK's 2623: 2583: 2570:Josip Broz Tito 2483:Amin al-Husayni 2463: 2308: 2298: 2239: 2214: 2209: 2181:first president 2128: 2122: 2017: 2011: 2006: 1882: 1809: 1807:Military career 1793:Tawfiq al-Hakim 1722:class divisions 1718: 1711: 1705: 1696: 1693: 1570: 1467:nationalization 1438:and introduced 1421: 1385: 1363: 1223: 1222: 1210: 1179:Books and Films 1175: 1150: 1131:Seventh Cabinet 1090: 1053: 1048: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1000: 995: 978: 947: 945: 944: 943: 939: 937: 936: 874: 831: 801: 798: 1944) 793: 789: 771:Political party 749: 745: 729: 728:15 January 1918 723: 721: 720: 719: 713: 710: 665: 653: 647: 642: 634: 620: 614:Josip Broz Tito 608: 602: 597: 589: 577: 567: 561: 556: 539: 529: 519: 513: 508: 491: 479: 469: 463: 458: 448: 436: 426: 420: 415: 401: 400:Other offices 390:Mohamed Naguib 385: 375: 361: 356: 346: 336: 331: 313: 308: 296: 286: 272: 267: 247: 235: 230: 192:Nureddin Kuhala 164: 163: 158: 148: 143: 116: 115: 110: 102: 96: 91: 74: 62: 60:جمال عبد الناصر 59: 53: 50: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20483: 20473: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20457: 20452: 20447: 20442: 20437: 20432: 20427: 20422: 20420:Male feminists 20417: 20412: 20407: 20402: 20397: 20392: 20387: 20382: 20377: 20372: 20367: 20362: 20357: 20352: 20347: 20342: 20337: 20332: 20327: 20322: 20317: 20312: 20307: 20302: 20297: 20292: 20287: 20282: 20277: 20272: 20267: 20262: 20257: 20240: 20239: 20236: 20235: 20223: 20200: 20199: 20197: 20196: 20191: 20186: 20180: 20177: 20176: 20174: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20132: 20130: 20126: 20125: 20123: 20122: 20117: 20112: 20107: 20102: 20097: 20092: 20087: 20082: 20077: 20072: 20067: 20062: 20056: 20054: 20048: 20047: 20045: 20044: 20039: 20034: 20029: 20024: 20019: 20014: 20009: 20004: 19999: 19994: 19992:Timothy Snyder 19989: 19984: 19979: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19959: 19954: 19949: 19944: 19939: 19934: 19929: 19924: 19922:Vojtech Mastny 19919: 19917:Geir Lundestad 19914: 19909: 19907:Walter Laqueur 19904: 19902:Walter LaFeber 19899: 19894: 19889: 19884: 19879: 19874: 19869: 19864: 19859: 19854: 19849: 19844: 19839: 19834: 19832:André Fontaine 19829: 19824: 19819: 19814: 19809: 19804: 19799: 19794: 19789: 19784: 19779: 19774: 19769: 19764: 19762:Gar Alperovitz 19758: 19756: 19752: 19751: 19749: 19748: 19743: 19738: 19732: 19730: 19724: 19723: 19720: 19719: 19717: 19716: 19711: 19705: 19704: 19699: 19692: 19687: 19679: 19677: 19673: 19672: 19670: 19669: 19662: 19657: 19650: 19643: 19638: 19631: 19624: 19617: 19611: 19609: 19602: 19598: 19597: 19595: 19594: 19589: 19584: 19579: 19574: 19569: 19564: 19559: 19554: 19549: 19544: 19538: 19536: 19532: 19531: 19528: 19527: 19525: 19524: 19519: 19514: 19509: 19504: 19502:Third-Worldism 19499: 19494: 19489: 19484: 19479: 19474: 19469: 19464: 19459: 19454: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19434: 19429: 19424: 19419: 19414: 19409: 19403: 19401: 19397: 19396: 19394: 19393: 19388: 19383: 19378: 19373: 19368: 19361: 19356: 19351: 19346: 19341: 19336: 19330: 19328: 19322: 19321: 19319: 19318: 19313: 19308: 19303: 19298: 19293: 19291:Libertarianism 19288: 19283: 19282: 19281: 19271: 19269:Chicago school 19266: 19260: 19258: 19249: 19245: 19244: 19242: 19241: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19214:Nixon Doctrine 19211: 19206: 19201: 19196: 19191: 19186: 19181: 19176: 19171: 19166: 19160: 19158: 19157:Foreign policy 19154: 19153: 19151: 19150: 19145: 19140: 19135: 19130: 19125: 19120: 19115: 19109: 19107: 19101: 19100: 19098: 19097: 19092: 19091: 19090: 19080: 19075: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19055: 19050: 19045: 19039: 19037: 19033: 19032: 19030: 19029: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 18999: 18994: 18989: 18984: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18959: 18954: 18949: 18944: 18942:Operation RYAN 18939: 18934: 18929: 18919: 18914: 18909: 18904: 18899: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18864: 18859: 18854: 18849: 18847:Able Archer 83 18844: 18839: 18834: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18809: 18804: 18799: 18794: 18793: 18792: 18782: 18777: 18772: 18763: 18758: 18752: 18750: 18746: 18745: 18743: 18742: 18737: 18732: 18727: 18722: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18702: 18697: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18677: 18672: 18667: 18662: 18657: 18652: 18644: 18639: 18634: 18629: 18624: 18619: 18614: 18609: 18604: 18599: 18597:Oromo conflict 18594: 18589: 18584: 18579: 18574: 18569: 18564: 18559: 18554: 18549: 18544: 18539: 18537:Yom Kippur War 18534: 18529: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18459: 18454: 18447: 18442: 18437: 18432: 18427: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18407: 18402: 18396: 18394: 18390: 18389: 18387: 18386: 18381: 18376: 18371: 18366: 18361: 18360: 18359: 18349: 18344: 18339: 18334: 18329: 18320: 18315: 18314: 18313: 18303: 18298: 18293: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18268: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18248: 18243: 18238: 18233: 18228: 18223: 18218: 18213: 18208: 18203: 18198: 18193: 18192: 18191: 18181: 18176: 18171: 18169:Aden Emergency 18166: 18161: 18156: 18151: 18146: 18141: 18136: 18131: 18126: 18121: 18120: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18087:Papua conflict 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18068: 18067: 18057: 18056: 18055: 18045: 18040: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18019: 18017: 18013: 18012: 18010: 18009: 18004: 18003: 18002: 17992: 17990:Kitchen Debate 17987: 17982: 17977: 17972: 17967: 17962: 17957: 17952: 17950:Sputnik crisis 17947: 17942: 17934: 17927: 17922: 17920:Polish October 17917: 17912: 17907: 17900: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17875: 17870: 17865: 17860: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17820:Pact of Madrid 17817: 17812: 17807: 17802: 17797: 17792: 17787: 17782: 17777: 17775:Bamboo Curtain 17771: 17769: 17765: 17764: 17762: 17761: 17756: 17751: 17746: 17745: 17744: 17734: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17709: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17689: 17684: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17668: 17667: 17662: 17657: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17617: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17574: 17566: 17558: 17553: 17548: 17543: 17535: 17530: 17529: 17528: 17523: 17515: 17502: 17497: 17492: 17487: 17481: 17479: 17475: 17474: 17472: 17471: 17466: 17461: 17456: 17451: 17446: 17441: 17436: 17431: 17424: 17416: 17413: 17412: 17405: 17404: 17397: 17390: 17382: 17373: 17372: 17370: 17369: 17358: 17355: 17354: 17352: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17336: 17331: 17326: 17321: 17316: 17311: 17306: 17301: 17296: 17291: 17286: 17281: 17276: 17270: 17268: 17267:Related topics 17264: 17263: 17261: 17260: 17255: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17235: 17229: 17227: 17221: 17220: 17218: 17217: 17210: 17203: 17195: 17193: 17189: 17188: 17186: 17185: 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17133:Islamic Legion 17130: 17125: 17120: 17115: 17110: 17105: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17065: 17060: 17055: 17050: 17045: 17040: 17035: 17030: 17025: 17023:Al-Mourabitoun 17020: 17015: 17009: 17007: 17001: 17000: 16998: 16997: 16992: 16990:Hamdeen Sabahi 16987: 16982: 16980:Fuad al-Rikabi 16977: 16972: 16970:Adnan Pachachi 16967: 16962: 16957: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16940:Saddam Hussein 16937: 16932: 16930:Sati' al-Husri 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16887: 16882: 16877: 16872: 16867: 16865:Hafez al-Assad 16862: 16857: 16855:Zaki al-Arsuzi 16852: 16847: 16842: 16837: 16832: 16827: 16821: 16819: 16813: 16812: 16810: 16809: 16804: 16799: 16794: 16788: 16786: 16782: 16781: 16779: 16778: 16773: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16736:Aden Emergency 16733: 16728: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16708: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16688: 16683: 16681:Iraqi Intifada 16678: 16673: 16672: 16671: 16666: 16664:Yom Kippur War 16661: 16656: 16651: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16625: 16624: 16614: 16609: 16608: 16607: 16597: 16591: 16589: 16585: 16584: 16582: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16559:Arab socialism 16555: 16553: 16549: 16548: 16541: 16540: 16533: 16526: 16518: 16509: 16508: 16506: 16505: 16500: 16495: 16490: 16485: 16480: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16455: 16450: 16445: 16440: 16435: 16430: 16425: 16420: 16415: 16410: 16405: 16400: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16349: 16346: 16345: 16338: 16337: 16330: 16323: 16315: 16306: 16305: 16303: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16191: 16189: 16185: 16184: 16182: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16061: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15981: 15975: 15973: 15967: 15966: 15955: 15954: 15947: 15940: 15932: 15923: 15922: 15920: 15919: 15906: 15896: 15884: 15874: 15870: 15867: 15866: 15864: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15806:A. M. N. Sedky 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15707: 15705: 15704:(1953–present) 15697: 15696: 15694: 15693: 15688: 15683: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15643: 15638: 15633: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15613: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15548: 15543: 15538: 15533: 15528: 15522: 15520: 15512: 15511: 15509: 15508: 15503: 15498: 15493: 15488: 15482: 15480: 15472: 15471: 15430: 15428: 15426: 15425: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15324: 15322: 15314: 15313: 15290: 15289: 15282: 15275: 15267: 15258: 15257: 15252: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15245: 15240: 15234: 15229: 15223: 15218: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15197: 15182: 15180: 15179:(1961–present) 15172: 15171: 15169: 15168: 15154: 15152: 15144: 15143: 15141: 15140: 15135: 15130: 15124: 15119: 15114: 15108: 15094: 15092: 15084: 15083: 15081: 15080: 15075: 15069: 15064: 15059: 15054: 15048: 15043: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15016: 15001: 14999: 14991: 14990: 14988: 14987: 14981: 14976: 14970: 14962:State of Syria 14956: 14954: 14950:State of Syria 14946: 14945: 14943: 14942: 14928: 14926: 14918: 14917: 14905: 14904: 14897: 14890: 14882: 14873: 14872: 14866: 14863: 14862: 14860: 14859: 14854: 14847: 14842: 14835: 14830: 14827:Sufi Abu Taleb 14823: 14818: 14813: 14811:Mohamed Naguib 14807: 14805: 14795: 14792: 14791: 14769: 14768: 14761: 14754: 14746: 14737: 14736: 14734: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14711:Youssef Seddik 14708: 14703: 14698: 14696:Hassan Ibrahim 14693: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14646:Mohamed Naguib 14642: 14639: 14638: 14631: 14630: 14623: 14616: 14608: 14602: 14599: 14598: 14587: 14586: 14583:Kenneth Kaunda 14581: 14578: 14569: 14564: 14560: 14559: 14554: 14551: 14544: 14539: 14535: 14534: 14529: 14526: 14519: 14516:Mohamed Naguib 14514: 14510: 14509: 14507:Mohamed Naguib 14506: 14503: 14494: 14492:Mohamed Naguib 14491: 14487: 14486: 14481: 14478: 14469: 14466:Mohamed Naguib 14464: 14460: 14459: 14453: 14452: 14444: 14443:External links 14441: 14440: 14439: 14432: 14425: 14415: 14405: 14398: 14391: 14384: 14379:Joya, Angela. 14377: 14370: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14355: 14350: 14333: 14327: 14310: 14305: 14288: 14283: 14266: 14258: 14241: 14236: 14219: 14194:(3): 324–341, 14176: 14171: 14154: 14149: 14132: 14127: 14108: 14103: 14086: 14077: 14072: 14053: 14048: 14031: 14026: 14009: 14004: 13987: 13982: 13964:Seale, Patrick 13960: 13955: 13935: 13930: 13917: 13912: 13899: 13894: 13881: 13876: 13859: 13846: 13822: 13817: 13800: 13795: 13782: 13777: 13760: 13755: 13738: 13733: 13712: 13707: 13683: 13678: 13663: 13658: 13643: 13638: 13625: 13620: 13601: 13596: 13579: 13574: 13557: 13552: 13535: 13530: 13504: 13499: 13482: 13462: 13457: 13440: 13435: 13418: 13413: 13393: 13388: 13368: 13359: 13354: 13334: 13329: 13308: 13303: 13290: 13285: 13268: 13263: 13244: 13239: 13226: 13221: 13208: 13203: 13190: 13185: 13170: 13165: 13145: 13140: 13120: 13115: 13098: 13093: 13076: 13071: 13058: 13053: 13036: 13031: 13014: 13009: 12996: 12991: 12971: 12966: 12949: 12944: 12923: 12918: 12901: 12896: 12879: 12874: 12857: 12852: 12833: 12828: 12815: 12810: 12788: 12783: 12763: 12758: 12741: 12736: 12716: 12711: 12694: 12689: 12672: 12667: 12650: 12645: 12628: 12623: 12606: 12601: 12577: 12572: 12550: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12518: 12517: 12496: 12469: 12439: 12424: 12388: 12362: 12332: 12306: 12284: 12272: 12247: 12235: 12231:Alexander 2005 12223: 12208: 12193: 12181: 12177:Alexander 2005 12169: 12157: 12145: 12133: 12121: 12094: 12082: 12053: 12041: 12029: 12014: 12002: 11990: 11957: 11953:Asterjian 2007 11945: 11912: 11895: 11883: 11881:, p. 483. 11871: 11869:, p. 260. 11859: 11844: 11833: 11813: 11806: 11782: 11775: 11757: 11745: 11733: 11721: 11706: 11694: 11679: 11640: 11628: 11613: 11598: 11565: 11530: 11499: 11471: 11442: 11438:Dekmejian 1971 11430: 11418: 11406: 11377: 11365: 11350: 11338: 11326: 11291: 11279: 11262: 11230: 11198: 11163: 11132: 11117: 11105: 11093: 11076: 11064: 11052: 11001: 10986: 10974: 10953: 10941: 10929: 10912: 10900: 10853: 10834: 10806: 10787: 10772: 10757: 10745: 10733: 10721: 10711: 10688: 10676: 10661: 10646: 10634: 10617: 10605: 10593: 10578: 10566: 10551: 10539: 10524: 10507: 10490: 10478: 10466: 10451: 10439: 10408: 10396: 10384: 10369: 10354: 10339: 10327: 10315: 10300: 10288: 10273: 10256: 10244: 10229: 10217: 10200: 10188: 10176: 10164: 10152: 10137: 10122: 10107: 10095: 10084: 10055: 10043: 10028: 10013: 10001: 9989: 9970: 9958: 9943: 9928: 9916: 9904: 9889: 9877: 9865: 9853: 9836: 9824: 9812: 9800: 9783: 9766: 9754: 9735: 9716: 9699: 9687: 9675: 9663: 9648: 9627: 9612: 9600: 9588: 9576: 9559: 9547: 9535: 9516: 9504: 9487: 9470: 9455: 9436: 9424: 9409: 9397: 9382: 9370: 9358: 9346: 9331: 9316: 9297: 9285: 9270: 9256: 9247:Lion of Jordan 9236: 9221: 9210: 9199: 9187: 9175: 9163: 9151: 9136: 9121: 9087:(3): 319–335. 9067: 9041:(3): 397–427. 9016: 9004: 8987: 8975: 8963: 8951: 8939: 8927: 8915: 8903: 8891: 8879: 8864: 8847: 8824: 8812: 8800: 8788: 8773: 8754: 8742: 8727: 8710: 8707:Tsourapas 2016 8699: 8682: 8670: 8655: 8643: 8631: 8612: 8585: 8573: 8551: 8539: 8524: 8509: 8492: 8488:Alexander 2005 8477: 8473:Dekmejian 1971 8465: 8448: 8427: 8410: 8398: 8394:Jankowski 2001 8386: 8374: 8343: 8331: 8319: 8307: 8295: 8283: 8271: 8256: 8245:. 26 July 1956 8225: 8221:Jankowski 2001 8202: 8187: 8175: 8156: 8144: 8140:Dekmejian 1971 8127: 8115: 8103: 8088: 8073: 8069:Alexander 2005 8061: 8057:Jankowski 2001 8040: 8028: 8016: 8004: 7992: 7988:Jankowski 2001 7977: 7965: 7953: 7949:Dekmejian 1971 7938: 7923: 7889:(3): 363–385. 7867: 7855: 7851:Dekmejian 1971 7834: 7813: 7801: 7797:Jankowski 2001 7789: 7774: 7753: 7741: 7722: 7705: 7693: 7681: 7664: 7652: 7640: 7628: 7611: 7599: 7587: 7575: 7558: 7543: 7524: 7512: 7500: 7481: 7466: 7454: 7442: 7438:Dekmejian 1971 7427: 7415: 7400: 7388: 7376: 7357: 7342: 7319: 7302: 7287: 7275: 7246: 7231: 7219: 7207: 7192: 7183: 7179:Brightman 2004 7168: 7146: 7139: 7119: 7107: 7088: 7076: 7061: 7049: 7037: 7025: 7008: 6996: 6977: 6965: 6953: 6941: 6937:Alexander 2005 6922: 6903: 6891: 6866: 6862:Alexander 2005 6849: 6845:Alexander 2005 6830: 6813: 6801: 6797:Alexander 2005 6786: 6774: 6770:Alexander 2005 6759: 6755:Jankowski 2001 6747: 6735: 6723: 6719:Alexander 2005 6711: 6692: 6680: 6668: 6656: 6654:, pp. 8–9 6644: 6591: 6587:Alexander 2005 6570: 6555: 6543: 6531: 6516: 6507: 6498: 6486: 6469: 6441: 6380: 6352: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6100: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6089:Order of Lenin 6086: 6079:Soviet Union: 6077: 6070: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6043: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6021:في سبيل الحرية 6002: 6001: 6000: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5941: 5938: 5892:pilgrimage to 5886: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5873: 5872:Mona, b. 1947. 5870: 5869:Hoda, b. 1945. 5834: 5831: 5773: 5770: 5750:Gaafar Nimeiry 5710:Jaafar Nimeiry 5702: 5699: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5610: 5608:Related topics 5607: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5515: 5510: 5504: 5499: 5498: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5461:Russian Empire 5453: 5448: 5446:Nuremberg Laws 5443: 5438: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5402:Jewish quarter 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5378: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5362:Richard Wagner 5359: 5354: 5352:Stepan Bandera 5349: 5347:Symon Petliura 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5182:Adolf Eichmann 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5124:Veterans Today 5121: 5118:The Unz Review 5114: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5025: 5020: 5013: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4973: 4971: 4966: 4959: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4878: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4862:ZOG conspiracy 4859: 4857:White genocide 4854: 4852:Well poisoning 4849: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4810:Judeo-Masonism 4807: 4806: 4805: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4586: 4584:Manifestations 4583: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4569: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4552: 4551: 4550: 4545: 4538:United Kingdom 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4419: 4417:Dreyfus affair 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4358: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4332:Nexus Document 4329: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4295: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4288:discrimination 4284:Jewish history 4279: 4278: 4270: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4251: 4248: 4217:New Wafd Party 4180: 4177: 4164:Steven A. Cook 4107: 4104: 4080:Hamdeen Sabahi 4042:social welfare 4034:social justice 4009: 4006: 3958:Alexei Kosygin 3921:varicose veins 3897:Main article: 3894: 3891: 3780: 3777: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3685: 3675: 3672: 3630:of Kuwait and 3559:Main article: 3556: 3553: 3499: 3496: 3475: 3472: 3412: 3409: 3389:Friday prayers 3380: 3377: 3334:Ahmad Shukeiri 3216: 3213: 3187: 3184: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3026:Sabri al-Asali 2959:Turkish troops 2922:Main article: 2919: 2916: 2850:Sabri al-Asali 2819: 2816: 2711: 2708: 2680:Mahmoud Younis 2622: 2619: 2582: 2579: 2462: 2459: 2443:Czechoslovakia 2297: 2294: 2270:Sulayman Hafez 2222:Mohamed Naguib 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2201:Kafr el-Dawwar 2140:Mohamed Naguib 2136:Sulayman Hafez 2124:Main article: 2121: 2118: 2110:Mohamed Naguib 2097:Hassan Ibrahim 2053:Husni al-Za'im 2045:Youssef Seddik 2041:Mohamed Naguib 2013:Main article: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 1984:delegation to 1881: 1878: 1808: 1805: 1728:. He read the 1717: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1706: 1699: 1697: 1695:Nasser in 1931 1694: 1687: 1569: 1566: 1546:His presidency 1538:social justice 1521:to regain the 1483:pan-Arab unity 1458:in June 1956. 1448:Mohamed Naguib 1423: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1412: 1405: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1387: 1386: 1378: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1349: 1338: 1328: 1326:Order of Lenin 1318: 1316:Order of Merit 1308: 1296: 1284: 1272: 1260: 1248: 1237: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1136:Eighth Cabinet 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1116:Fourth Cabinet 1113: 1108: 1106:Second Cabinet 1103: 1097: 1096: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1062: 1061: 1047: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1005:Prime Minister 994: 993: 990:National Union 986: 977: 976: 971: 966: 958: 957: 954: 953: 940:a series about 934: 918: 917: 914: 913: 908: 904: 903: 898: 894: 893: 890: 886: 885: 880: 879:Branch/service 876: 875: 873: 872: 867: 862: 856: 854: 850: 849: 845: 844: 837: 833: 832: 830: 829: 826: 820: 818: 814: 813: 807: 803: 802: 791: 785: 784: 782: 778: 777: 772: 768: 767: 762: 758: 757: 748:(aged 52) 742: 738: 737: 709: 707: 703: 702: 698: 697: 694: 693: 690: 689: 686: 685: 682: 681: 678: 677: 674: 673: 668: 662: 661: 659:Haile Selassie 656: 650: 649: 639: 638: 629: 628: 626:Kenneth Kaunda 623: 617: 616: 611: 605: 604: 594: 593: 584: 583: 580: 574: 573: 572:Mohamed Naguib 570: 564: 563: 553: 552: 546: 545: 542: 536: 535: 534:Sulayman Hafez 532: 526: 525: 524:Mohamed Naguib 522: 520:Prime Minister 516: 515: 505: 504: 498: 497: 494: 488: 487: 485:Sulayman Hafez 482: 476: 475: 474:Mohamed Naguib 472: 470:Prime Minister 466: 465: 455: 454: 451: 445: 444: 439: 433: 432: 431:Mohamed Naguib 429: 427:Prime Minister 423: 422: 412: 411: 407: 406: 403: 402: 399: 392: 391: 388: 382: 381: 380:Mohamed Naguib 378: 372: 371: 370:Mohamed Naguib 368: 364: 363: 353: 352: 349: 343: 342: 341:Mohamed Naguib 339: 333: 332: 330: 329: 326: 325:Mohamed Naguib 322: 320: 316: 315: 305: 304: 299: 293: 292: 289: 283: 282: 279: 275: 274: 264: 263: 256: 255: 250: 244: 243: 241:Mohamed Naguib 238: 232: 231: 229: 228: 225: 222:Hassan Ibrahim 219: 216: 210: 207: 201: 195: 189: 183: 177: 171: 168:Sabri al-Asali 157: 156: 155: 153: 150:Vice President 145: 144: 142: 141: 138: 132: 126: 120: 109: 108: 107: 105: 103:Prime Minister 99: 98: 88: 87: 80: 79: 76: 75: 73:Nasser in 1962 72: 64: 63: 55: 54: 51: 48:His Excellency 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20482: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20453: 20451: 20448: 20446: 20443: 20441: 20438: 20436: 20433: 20431: 20428: 20426: 20423: 20421: 20418: 20416: 20413: 20411: 20408: 20406: 20403: 20401: 20398: 20396: 20393: 20391: 20388: 20386: 20383: 20381: 20378: 20376: 20373: 20371: 20368: 20366: 20363: 20361: 20358: 20356: 20353: 20351: 20348: 20346: 20343: 20341: 20338: 20336: 20333: 20331: 20328: 20326: 20323: 20321: 20318: 20316: 20313: 20311: 20308: 20306: 20303: 20301: 20298: 20296: 20293: 20291: 20288: 20286: 20283: 20281: 20278: 20276: 20273: 20271: 20268: 20266: 20263: 20261: 20258: 20256: 20253: 20252: 20250: 20234: 20224: 20222: 20212: 20211: 20208: 20195: 20192: 20190: 20187: 20185: 20182: 20181: 20178: 20172: 20169: 20167: 20164: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20156:War on terror 20154: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20137: 20134: 20133: 20131: 20127: 20121: 20118: 20116: 20113: 20111: 20108: 20106: 20103: 20101: 20098: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20086: 20083: 20081: 20078: 20076: 20073: 20071: 20068: 20066: 20063: 20061: 20058: 20057: 20055: 20051:Espionage and 20049: 20043: 20040: 20038: 20035: 20033: 20030: 20028: 20025: 20023: 20020: 20018: 20015: 20013: 20010: 20008: 20005: 20003: 20002:Andrew Thorpe 20000: 19998: 19995: 19993: 19990: 19988: 19985: 19983: 19980: 19978: 19975: 19973: 19970: 19968: 19965: 19963: 19960: 19958: 19955: 19953: 19950: 19948: 19945: 19943: 19940: 19938: 19935: 19933: 19930: 19928: 19925: 19923: 19920: 19918: 19915: 19913: 19910: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19897:Gabriel Kolko 19895: 19893: 19890: 19888: 19885: 19883: 19880: 19878: 19875: 19873: 19870: 19868: 19865: 19863: 19862:Fred Halliday 19860: 19858: 19855: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19847:Lloyd Gardner 19845: 19843: 19840: 19838: 19835: 19833: 19830: 19828: 19825: 19823: 19820: 19818: 19815: 19813: 19810: 19808: 19807:Norman Davies 19805: 19803: 19800: 19798: 19795: 19793: 19792:John Costello 19790: 19788: 19785: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19775: 19773: 19770: 19768: 19765: 19763: 19760: 19759: 19757: 19753: 19747: 19744: 19742: 19739: 19737: 19734: 19733: 19731: 19727:Technological 19725: 19715: 19712: 19710: 19707: 19706: 19703: 19700: 19698: 19697: 19693: 19691: 19688: 19686: 19685: 19681: 19680: 19678: 19674: 19668: 19667: 19663: 19661: 19658: 19656: 19655: 19651: 19649: 19648: 19644: 19642: 19639: 19637: 19636: 19632: 19630: 19629: 19625: 19623: 19622: 19618: 19616: 19613: 19612: 19610: 19608:Pro-communist 19606: 19603: 19599: 19593: 19590: 19588: 19585: 19583: 19580: 19578: 19575: 19573: 19570: 19568: 19565: 19563: 19560: 19558: 19555: 19553: 19550: 19548: 19545: 19543: 19540: 19539: 19537: 19535:Organizations 19533: 19523: 19520: 19518: 19515: 19513: 19510: 19508: 19505: 19503: 19500: 19498: 19495: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19485: 19483: 19480: 19478: 19475: 19473: 19470: 19468: 19465: 19463: 19460: 19458: 19455: 19453: 19450: 19448: 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19428: 19425: 19423: 19420: 19418: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19408: 19405: 19404: 19402: 19398: 19392: 19389: 19387: 19384: 19382: 19379: 19377: 19374: 19372: 19369: 19367: 19366: 19362: 19360: 19357: 19355: 19352: 19350: 19349:Eurocommunism 19347: 19345: 19342: 19340: 19337: 19335: 19332: 19331: 19329: 19327: 19323: 19317: 19314: 19312: 19309: 19307: 19304: 19302: 19299: 19297: 19294: 19292: 19289: 19287: 19284: 19280: 19277: 19276: 19275: 19272: 19270: 19267: 19265: 19262: 19261: 19259: 19257: 19253: 19250: 19246: 19240: 19237: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19195: 19192: 19190: 19187: 19185: 19182: 19180: 19179:Domino theory 19177: 19175: 19172: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19161: 19159: 19155: 19149: 19146: 19144: 19141: 19139: 19136: 19134: 19133:South Ossetia 19131: 19129: 19126: 19124: 19121: 19119: 19116: 19114: 19111: 19110: 19108: 19106: 19102: 19096: 19093: 19089: 19086: 19085: 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19061: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19040: 19038: 19034: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18993: 18990: 18988: 18985: 18983: 18980: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18970: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18960: 18958: 18955: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18945: 18943: 18940: 18938: 18935: 18933: 18930: 18927: 18923: 18920: 18918: 18917:8888 Uprising 18915: 18913: 18910: 18908: 18905: 18903: 18900: 18898: 18895: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18865: 18863: 18862:Iran–Iraq War 18860: 18858: 18855: 18853: 18850: 18848: 18845: 18843: 18840: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18827:Falklands War 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18813: 18810: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18798: 18795: 18791: 18788: 18787: 18786: 18783: 18781: 18778: 18776: 18773: 18771: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18754: 18753: 18751: 18747: 18741: 18738: 18736: 18733: 18731: 18728: 18726: 18723: 18721: 18718: 18716: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18703: 18701: 18698: 18696: 18693: 18691: 18690:NDF Rebellion 18688: 18686: 18683: 18681: 18678: 18676: 18673: 18671: 18670:German Autumn 18668: 18666: 18663: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18651: 18650: 18645: 18643: 18640: 18638: 18635: 18633: 18630: 18628: 18625: 18623: 18620: 18618: 18615: 18613: 18610: 18608: 18605: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18557:Metapolitefsi 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18452: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18397: 18395: 18391: 18385: 18382: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18370: 18367: 18365: 18362: 18358: 18355: 18354: 18353: 18350: 18348: 18345: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18333: 18330: 18328: 18326: 18321: 18319: 18318:Prague Spring 18316: 18312: 18309: 18308: 18307: 18304: 18302: 18299: 18297: 18296:Al-Wadiah War 18294: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18264: 18262: 18261:12-3 incident 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18247: 18244: 18242: 18239: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18229: 18227: 18224: 18222: 18219: 18217: 18214: 18212: 18209: 18207: 18204: 18202: 18199: 18197: 18194: 18190: 18187: 18186: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18177: 18175: 18172: 18170: 18167: 18165: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18155: 18152: 18150: 18147: 18145: 18142: 18140: 18137: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18104: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18066: 18063: 18062: 18061: 18058: 18054: 18051: 18050: 18049: 18046: 18044: 18041: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18020: 18018: 18014: 18008: 18005: 18001: 17998: 17997: 17996: 17993: 17991: 17988: 17986: 17983: 17981: 17978: 17976: 17973: 17971: 17968: 17966: 17963: 17961: 17958: 17956: 17953: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17943: 17941: 17940: 17935: 17932: 17928: 17926: 17923: 17921: 17918: 17916: 17913: 17911: 17908: 17905: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17894: 17891: 17889: 17886: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17876: 17874: 17871: 17869: 17866: 17864: 17861: 17859: 17858: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17840:Domino theory 17838: 17836: 17835:Petrov Affair 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17803: 17801: 17798: 17796: 17793: 17791: 17788: 17786: 17783: 17781: 17778: 17776: 17773: 17772: 17770: 17766: 17760: 17757: 17755: 17752: 17750: 17747: 17743: 17740: 17739: 17738: 17735: 17733: 17730: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17712:Madiun Affair 17710: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17672:Marshall Plan 17670: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17653: 17652: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17583: 17581: 17580: 17575: 17573: 17572: 17567: 17565: 17564: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17547: 17544: 17542: 17541: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17521: 17516: 17514: 17513: 17508: 17507: 17506: 17503: 17501: 17498: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17482: 17480: 17476: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17440: 17437: 17435: 17432: 17430: 17429: 17425: 17423: 17422: 17421:United States 17418: 17417: 17414: 17410: 17403: 17398: 17396: 17391: 17389: 17384: 17383: 17380: 17368: 17360: 17359: 17356: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17340: 17337: 17335: 17332: 17330: 17327: 17325: 17322: 17320: 17317: 17315: 17312: 17310: 17307: 17305: 17302: 17300: 17299:Greater Yemen 17297: 17295: 17294:Greater Syria 17292: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17280: 17277: 17275: 17272: 17271: 17269: 17265: 17259: 17256: 17254: 17251: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17230: 17228: 17226: 17222: 17216: 17215: 17211: 17209: 17208: 17204: 17202: 17201: 17197: 17196: 17194: 17190: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17114: 17111: 17109: 17106: 17104: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17069: 17066: 17064: 17061: 17059: 17056: 17054: 17051: 17049: 17046: 17044: 17041: 17039: 17036: 17034: 17031: 17029: 17026: 17024: 17021: 17019: 17016: 17014: 17011: 17010: 17008: 17006: 17005:Organizations 17002: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16925:George Habash 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16905:Izzat Darwaza 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16840:Yasser Arafat 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16822: 16820: 16818: 16817:Personalities 16814: 16808: 16805: 16803: 16800: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16792:Arab identity 16790: 16789: 16787: 16783: 16777: 16774: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16709: 16707: 16706:Arab Cold War 16704: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16646: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16623: 16620: 16619: 16618: 16615: 16613: 16610: 16606: 16603: 16602: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16592: 16590: 16586: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16556: 16554: 16550: 16546: 16539: 16534: 16532: 16527: 16525: 16520: 16519: 16516: 16504: 16501: 16499: 16496: 16494: 16491: 16489: 16486: 16484: 16481: 16479: 16476: 16474: 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16404: 16401: 16399: 16396: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16347: 16343: 16336: 16331: 16329: 16324: 16322: 16317: 16316: 16313: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16192: 16190: 16188:African Union 16186: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16082: 16080: 16077: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15995: 15992: 15990: 15987: 15985: 15982: 15980: 15977: 15976: 15974: 15972:African Unity 15968: 15964: 15963:African Union 15960: 15953: 15948: 15946: 15941: 15939: 15934: 15933: 15930: 15917: 15913: 15912: 15907: 15903: 15902: 15897: 15895: 15891: 15890: 15885: 15881: 15880: 15875: 15872: 15871: 15868: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15708: 15706: 15702: 15698: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15634: 15632: 15629: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15544: 15542: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15523: 15521: 15517: 15513: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15483: 15481: 15477: 15473: 15466: 15458: 15450: 15442: 15434: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15325: 15323: 15319: 15315: 15310: 15306: 15302: 15297: 15288: 15283: 15281: 15276: 15274: 15269: 15268: 15265: 15250: 15244: 15241: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15219: 15217: 15214: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15201: 15198: 15195: 15192: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15177: 15173: 15167: 15164: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15149: 15145: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15128: 15125: 15123: 15120: 15118: 15115: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15103: 15098: 15093: 15089: 15085: 15079: 15076: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15065: 15063: 15060: 15058: 15055: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15020: 15017: 15014: 15011: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14996: 14992: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14951: 14947: 14941: 14938: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14923: 14919: 14914: 14910: 14903: 14898: 14896: 14891: 14889: 14884: 14883: 14880: 14869: 14864: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14852: 14848: 14846: 14845:Mohamed Morsi 14843: 14841: 14840: 14836: 14834: 14833:Hosni Mubarak 14831: 14829: 14828: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14808: 14799: 14793: 14788: 14784: 14781: 14780:Presidents of 14776: 14767: 14762: 14760: 14755: 14753: 14748: 14747: 14744: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14643: 14640: 14636: 14629: 14624: 14622: 14617: 14615: 14610: 14609: 14606: 14600: 14593: 14584: 14575: 14574: 14567: 14561: 14557: 14556:Mahmoud Fawzi 14548: 14542: 14536: 14532: 14523: 14517: 14511: 14500: 14499: 14488: 14484: 14475: 14474: 14467: 14461: 14456: 14450: 14447: 14446: 14437: 14433: 14430: 14426: 14424: 14420: 14416: 14414: 14410: 14406: 14403: 14399: 14396: 14392: 14389: 14385: 14382: 14378: 14375: 14371: 14368: 14364: 14363: 14353: 14347: 14342: 14341: 14334: 14330: 14324: 14319: 14318: 14311: 14308: 14302: 14298: 14294: 14289: 14286: 14280: 14276: 14272: 14267: 14265: 14261: 14255: 14251: 14247: 14242: 14239: 14233: 14229: 14225: 14220: 14213: 14209: 14205: 14201: 14197: 14193: 14189: 14182: 14177: 14174: 14168: 14164: 14161:, Singapore: 14160: 14155: 14152: 14146: 14142: 14138: 14133: 14130: 14124: 14120: 14116: 14115: 14109: 14106: 14100: 14096: 14092: 14087: 14083: 14078: 14075: 14069: 14065: 14061: 14060: 14054: 14051: 14045: 14041: 14037: 14032: 14029: 14023: 14019: 14015: 14010: 14007: 14001: 13997: 13993: 13988: 13985: 13979: 13975: 13971: 13970: 13965: 13961: 13958: 13952: 13948: 13944: 13940: 13936: 13933: 13927: 13923: 13918: 13915: 13909: 13905: 13900: 13897: 13891: 13887: 13882: 13879: 13873: 13869: 13865: 13860: 13857: 13853: 13849: 13843: 13839: 13835: 13831: 13827: 13823: 13820: 13814: 13810: 13806: 13801: 13798: 13792: 13788: 13783: 13780: 13774: 13770: 13766: 13761: 13758: 13752: 13748: 13744: 13739: 13736: 13730: 13726: 13723:, New Haven: 13721: 13720: 13713: 13710: 13704: 13700: 13695: 13694: 13688: 13684: 13681: 13675: 13671: 13670: 13664: 13661: 13655: 13651: 13650: 13644: 13641: 13635: 13631: 13626: 13623: 13617: 13613: 13612:PublicAffairs 13609: 13608: 13602: 13599: 13593: 13589: 13586:, Princeton: 13585: 13580: 13577: 13571: 13567: 13563: 13558: 13555: 13549: 13545: 13541: 13536: 13533: 13527: 13523: 13520:, Cambridge: 13519: 13518: 13513: 13509: 13505: 13502: 13496: 13492: 13488: 13483: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13468: 13463: 13460: 13454: 13450: 13446: 13441: 13438: 13432: 13428: 13425:, Aldershot: 13424: 13419: 13416: 13410: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13391: 13385: 13381: 13378:, Cambridge: 13377: 13373: 13369: 13365: 13360: 13357: 13351: 13347: 13343: 13339: 13335: 13332: 13326: 13322: 13319:, Jefferson: 13317: 13316: 13309: 13306: 13300: 13296: 13291: 13288: 13282: 13278: 13274: 13269: 13266: 13260: 13256: 13252: 13251: 13245: 13242: 13236: 13232: 13227: 13224: 13218: 13214: 13209: 13206: 13200: 13196: 13191: 13188: 13182: 13179:, Routledge, 13178: 13177: 13171: 13168: 13162: 13158: 13154: 13150: 13146: 13143: 13137: 13133: 13129: 13125: 13121: 13118: 13112: 13108: 13105:, Princeton: 13104: 13099: 13096: 13090: 13086: 13082: 13077: 13074: 13068: 13064: 13059: 13056: 13050: 13046: 13043:, New Haven: 13042: 13037: 13034: 13028: 13024: 13020: 13015: 13012: 13006: 13002: 12997: 12994: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12976: 12972: 12969: 12963: 12959: 12955: 12950: 12947: 12941: 12937: 12932: 12931: 12924: 12921: 12915: 12911: 12907: 12902: 12899: 12893: 12889: 12885: 12880: 12877: 12871: 12867: 12864:, Princeton: 12863: 12858: 12855: 12849: 12845: 12841: 12840: 12834: 12831: 12825: 12821: 12816: 12813: 12807: 12803: 12799: 12798: 12793: 12789: 12786: 12780: 12776: 12772: 12768: 12764: 12761: 12755: 12751: 12747: 12742: 12739: 12733: 12729: 12725: 12721: 12717: 12714: 12708: 12704: 12700: 12695: 12692: 12686: 12682: 12678: 12673: 12670: 12664: 12660: 12656: 12651: 12648: 12642: 12638: 12634: 12629: 12626: 12620: 12616: 12612: 12607: 12604: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12586: 12582: 12578: 12575: 12569: 12565: 12561: 12560: 12555: 12551: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12536: 12532: 12528: 12527: 12513: 12506: 12500: 12491: 12486: 12482: 12481: 12473: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12443: 12435: 12428: 12409: 12405: 12398: 12392: 12376: 12372: 12366: 12350: 12343: 12336: 12320: 12316: 12310: 12294: 12288: 12281: 12276: 12261: 12257: 12251: 12245:, p. 178 12244: 12239: 12232: 12227: 12221:, p. 167 12220: 12215: 12213: 12206:, p. 177 12205: 12200: 12198: 12191:, p. 217 12190: 12189:Makdissi 2011 12185: 12178: 12173: 12167:, p. 148 12166: 12161: 12154: 12149: 12142: 12141:Sullivan 1986 12137: 12130: 12129:Sullivan 1986 12125: 12109: 12105: 12098: 12092:, p. 599 12091: 12086: 12070: 12069: 12064: 12057: 12051:, p. 161 12050: 12045: 12039:, p. 110 12038: 12033: 12027:, p. 156 12026: 12021: 12019: 12012:, p. 225 12011: 12006: 11999: 11994: 11978: 11974: 11973: 11968: 11961: 11954: 11949: 11934: 11930: 11926: 11922: 11916: 11909: 11904: 11902: 11900: 11893:, p. 151 11892: 11887: 11880: 11879:Stillman 2005 11875: 11868: 11863: 11855: 11848: 11841: 11836: 11830: 11826: 11825: 11817: 11809: 11803: 11799: 11795: 11794: 11786: 11778: 11772: 11768: 11761: 11754: 11749: 11742: 11737: 11731:, p. 105 11730: 11725: 11718: 11713: 11711: 11703: 11698: 11691: 11686: 11684: 11675: 11671: 11667: 11663: 11659: 11655: 11651: 11644: 11637: 11632: 11625: 11620: 11618: 11610: 11605: 11603: 11586: 11582: 11581: 11576: 11569: 11554: 11550: 11549: 11544: 11537: 11535: 11519: 11518: 11513: 11509: 11503: 11488: 11487: 11486:History Today 11482: 11475: 11459: 11458: 11453: 11446: 11440:, p. 304 11439: 11434: 11427: 11422: 11416:, p. 369 11415: 11410: 11394: 11393: 11388: 11381: 11375:, p. 100 11374: 11369: 11362: 11357: 11355: 11347: 11342: 11336:, p. 149 11335: 11330: 11315: 11311: 11310: 11305: 11298: 11296: 11288: 11283: 11276: 11271: 11269: 11267: 11250: 11246: 11245: 11240: 11234: 11219:. 27 May 2012 11218: 11214: 11213: 11208: 11202: 11186: 11185: 11181: 11176: 11170: 11168: 11151: 11147: 11143: 11136: 11130:, p. 100 11129: 11124: 11122: 11114: 11109: 11103:, p. 220 11102: 11097: 11091:, p. 171 11090: 11085: 11083: 11081: 11074:, p. 112 11073: 11068: 11061: 11056: 11040: 11036: 11032: 11031: 11026: 11022: 11016: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11008: 11006: 10999:, p. 192 10998: 10993: 10991: 10984:, p. 379 10983: 10978: 10972:, p. 111 10971: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10960: 10958: 10950: 10945: 10938: 10933: 10925: 10924: 10916: 10910:, p. 203 10909: 10904: 10888: 10884: 10883: 10878: 10872: 10870: 10868: 10866: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10858: 10850: 10845: 10843: 10841: 10839: 10822: 10821: 10816: 10810: 10804:, p. 115 10803: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10792: 10785:, p. 310 10784: 10779: 10777: 10770:, p. 476 10769: 10764: 10762: 10755:, p. 262 10754: 10749: 10742: 10737: 10731:, p. 259 10730: 10725: 10718: 10714: 10708: 10704: 10703: 10698: 10692: 10686:, p. 163 10685: 10680: 10674:, p. 133 10673: 10668: 10666: 10659:, p. 305 10658: 10653: 10651: 10644:, p. 301 10643: 10638: 10631: 10626: 10624: 10622: 10614: 10609: 10602: 10597: 10590: 10585: 10583: 10576:, p. 280 10575: 10570: 10564:, p. 304 10563: 10558: 10556: 10548: 10543: 10536: 10531: 10529: 10521: 10520:Brownlee 2007 10516: 10514: 10512: 10504: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10487: 10486:Brownlee 2007 10482: 10476:, p. 276 10475: 10470: 10464:, p. 281 10463: 10458: 10456: 10449:, p. 272 10448: 10443: 10435: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10419: 10412: 10405: 10400: 10394:, p. 277 10393: 10388: 10381: 10376: 10374: 10366: 10361: 10359: 10351: 10346: 10344: 10337:, p. 430 10336: 10331: 10324: 10319: 10312: 10307: 10305: 10297: 10292: 10286:, p. 276 10285: 10280: 10278: 10271:, p. 262 10270: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10253: 10248: 10242:, p. 263 10241: 10236: 10234: 10226: 10221: 10214: 10209: 10207: 10205: 10198:, p. 256 10197: 10192: 10185: 10180: 10173: 10168: 10162:, p. 258 10161: 10156: 10149: 10144: 10142: 10135:, p. 257 10134: 10129: 10127: 10119: 10114: 10112: 10105:, p. 255 10104: 10099: 10092: 10087: 10081: 10077: 10072: 10071: 10062: 10060: 10052: 10047: 10040: 10035: 10033: 10025: 10020: 10018: 10010: 10005: 9999:, p. 159 9998: 9993: 9986: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9967: 9962: 9955: 9950: 9948: 9941:, p. 252 9940: 9935: 9933: 9925: 9920: 9914:, p. 123 9913: 9908: 9901: 9896: 9894: 9886: 9881: 9874: 9869: 9862: 9857: 9850: 9845: 9843: 9841: 9834:, p. 244 9833: 9828: 9821: 9816: 9809: 9804: 9797: 9792: 9790: 9788: 9780: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9763: 9758: 9751: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9732: 9727: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9713: 9708: 9706: 9704: 9697:, p. 234 9696: 9691: 9684: 9683:Mehrotra 1990 9679: 9672: 9671:Mehrotra 1990 9667: 9660: 9655: 9653: 9645: 9640: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9632: 9624: 9619: 9617: 9609: 9604: 9597: 9592: 9586:, p. 239 9585: 9580: 9573: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9556: 9551: 9545:, p. 237 9544: 9539: 9532: 9527: 9525: 9523: 9521: 9513: 9508: 9502:, p. 235 9501: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9484: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9468:, p. 157 9467: 9462: 9460: 9452: 9447: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9434:, p. 230 9433: 9428: 9421: 9416: 9414: 9407:, p. 229 9406: 9401: 9395:, p. 231 9394: 9389: 9387: 9380:, p. 227 9379: 9374: 9367: 9362: 9356:, p. 216 9355: 9350: 9343: 9338: 9336: 9329:, p. 102 9328: 9323: 9321: 9313: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9295:, p. 172 9294: 9289: 9282: 9277: 9275: 9259: 9253: 9249: 9248: 9240: 9234:, p. 209 9233: 9228: 9226: 9219: 9214: 9208: 9203: 9197:, p. 166 9196: 9191: 9185:, p. 167 9184: 9179: 9172: 9167: 9161:, p. 164 9160: 9155: 9149:, p. 208 9148: 9143: 9141: 9133: 9128: 9126: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9078: 9071: 9056: 9052: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9035: 9030: 9023: 9021: 9014:, p. 163 9013: 9008: 9001: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8984: 8979: 8973:, p. 190 8972: 8967: 8961:, p. 158 8960: 8955: 8948: 8943: 8936: 8931: 8924: 8919: 8913:, p. 200 8912: 8907: 8900: 8895: 8889:, p. 198 8888: 8883: 8877:, p. 193 8876: 8871: 8869: 8861: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8844: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8821: 8816: 8810:, p. 130 8809: 8804: 8798:, p. 169 8797: 8792: 8786:, p. 191 8785: 8780: 8778: 8770: 8765: 8763: 8761: 8759: 8752:, p. 155 8751: 8746: 8740:, p. 102 8739: 8734: 8732: 8725:, p. 127 8724: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8708: 8703: 8696: 8691: 8689: 8687: 8680:, p. 305 8679: 8674: 8668:, p. 184 8667: 8662: 8660: 8653:, p. 123 8652: 8647: 8640: 8635: 8628: 8624: 8621: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8589: 8582: 8577: 8561: 8555: 8549:, p. 180 8548: 8543: 8536: 8531: 8529: 8521: 8516: 8514: 8506: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8489: 8484: 8482: 8474: 8469: 8463:, p. 398 8462: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8446:, p. 116 8445: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8424: 8419: 8417: 8415: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8384:, p. 179 8383: 8378: 8363: 8362: 8357: 8353: 8347: 8341:, p. 105 8340: 8335: 8328: 8323: 8316: 8311: 8304: 8299: 8293:, p. 299 8292: 8287: 8280: 8275: 8269:, p. 108 8268: 8263: 8261: 8244: 8243: 8238: 8232: 8230: 8222: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8200:, p. 162 8199: 8194: 8192: 8184: 8179: 8173:, p. 150 8172: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8154:, p. 149 8153: 8148: 8141: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8124: 8123:Sullivan 1986 8119: 8113:, p. 241 8112: 8107: 8101:, p. 242 8100: 8095: 8093: 8085: 8080: 8078: 8071:, p. 126 8070: 8065: 8058: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8037: 8032: 8025: 8020: 8014:, p. 111 8013: 8008: 8002:, p. 105 8001: 7996: 7989: 7984: 7982: 7975:, p. 113 7974: 7969: 7963:, p. 115 7962: 7957: 7950: 7945: 7943: 7935: 7930: 7928: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7871: 7864: 7859: 7852: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7831: 7826: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7811:, p. 239 7810: 7805: 7798: 7793: 7786: 7781: 7779: 7771: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7751:, p. 159 7750: 7745: 7738: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7720:, p. 228 7719: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7702: 7697: 7690: 7685: 7678: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7661: 7656: 7649: 7644: 7637: 7632: 7625: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7608: 7603: 7596: 7591: 7584: 7579: 7572: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7555: 7550: 7548: 7540: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7521: 7516: 7509: 7504: 7497: 7492: 7490: 7488: 7486: 7478: 7473: 7471: 7463: 7458: 7452:, p. 114 7451: 7450:Stephens 1972 7446: 7439: 7434: 7432: 7424: 7419: 7412: 7407: 7405: 7398:, p. 108 7397: 7396:Stephens 1972 7392: 7385: 7380: 7373: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7354: 7349: 7347: 7339: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7316: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7299: 7294: 7292: 7284: 7279: 7272: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7243: 7238: 7236: 7228: 7223: 7217:, p. 114 7216: 7211: 7204: 7201: 7196: 7187: 7181:, p. 233 7180: 7175: 7173: 7156: 7150: 7142: 7136: 7132: 7131: 7123: 7117:, p. 103 7116: 7111: 7104: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7085: 7080: 7073: 7068: 7066: 7058: 7057:Stephens 1972 7053: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7029: 7022: 7017: 7015: 7013: 7005: 7000: 6993: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6974: 6969: 6962: 6957: 6951:, p. 158 6950: 6945: 6938: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6919: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6901:, p. 164 6900: 6895: 6880: 6876: 6870: 6863: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6846: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6827: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6810: 6809:Stephens 1972 6805: 6798: 6793: 6791: 6783: 6778: 6771: 6766: 6764: 6756: 6751: 6744: 6743:Woodward 1992 6739: 6732: 6727: 6720: 6715: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6689: 6684: 6677: 6676:Stephens 1972 6672: 6665: 6660: 6653: 6648: 6633: 6629: 6622: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6588: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6567: 6566:Stephens 1972 6562: 6560: 6552: 6551:Stephens 1972 6547: 6540: 6535: 6528: 6527:Stephens 1972 6523: 6521: 6511: 6502: 6495: 6490: 6483: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6458: 6454: 6453: 6445: 6437: 6430: 6425:|first2= 6418: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6384: 6368: 6367: 6362: 6356: 6341: 6340:HarperCollins 6337: 6336: 6331: 6325: 6321: 6301: 6289: 6283: 6259: 6251: 6169: 6162: 6158: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6105: 6101: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6058: 6055: 6051: 6048: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6018: 6014: 6007: 6003: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5984: 5980: 5977: 5972: 5968: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5954: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5945: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5926:heart attacks 5923: 5919: 5918:heart disease 5915: 5911: 5908:Nasser was a 5902: 5898: 5895: 5891: 5883: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5848: 5844: 5839: 5833:Personal life 5830: 5828: 5827: 5822: 5818: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5796:Mohamed Fadel 5793: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5691: 5677: 5672: 5670: 5665: 5663: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5643: 5642: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5624:Weaponization 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5614:Philosemitism 5612: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5535:Philosemitism 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5502: 5497: 5496: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5419:The Holocaust 5417: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5379: 5376: 5371: 5370: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5312:Octavian Goga 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5297:Ion Antonescu 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5267:Joseph Stalin 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5242:Martin Luther 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5147:Andrew Anglin 5145: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5006:4chan (/pol/) 5004: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4897:Currency Wars 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4840:Slánský trial 4838: 4836: 4835:Doctors' plot 4833: 4832: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4820:Media control 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776:International 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4728: 4725: 4720: 4719: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4573: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4504: 4503: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4481: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4189: 4185: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4144: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4112: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4019: 4014: 4005: 4003: 4002:Sherif Hetata 3999: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3905: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3833:Yasser Arafat 3830: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3813:Yasser Arafat 3809: 3802: 3798: 3797:Mohamed Fawzi 3794: 3790: 3785: 3776: 3772: 3770: 3764: 3762: 3746: 3744: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3690: 3680: 3671: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3656:Golan Heights 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3591:Mohamed Fawzi 3585:, 30 May 1967 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3552: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3495: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3376: 3374: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3283:military coup 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3212: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3192:socioeconomic 3183: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2925: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2824:Arab Cold War 2815: 2813: 2809: 2803: 2801: 2800:Egyptian Jews 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2767: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2736: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2648: 2643: 2636: 2632: 2627: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2600: 2595: 2587: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2410:Gulf of Aqaba 2407: 2402: 2398: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2345: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2318: 2302: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2235: 2230: 2223: 2218: 2204: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2167: 2164:to dismantle 2163: 2162: 2161:Rose al-Yūsuf 2157: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2072: 2070: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2009:Free Officers 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1947: 1946:Eric Margolis 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1926:Faluja pocket 1922: 1917: 1915: 1912:(AHC) led by 1911: 1907: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1890:Faluja pocket 1886: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1870:Miles Lampson 1867: 1864:in favour of 1863: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1835: 1829: 1827: 1818: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1789:Aziz al-Masri 1786: 1782: 1778: 1777:Mustafa Kamel 1774: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1762:autobiography 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1710: 1703: 1698: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1677: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1643:Isma'il Sidqi 1640: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1511:in March 1965 1508: 1507:Arab Cold War 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1406: 1404: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1390:Media gallery 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1146:Tenth Cabinet 1144: 1142: 1141:Ninth Cabinet 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1126:Sixth Cabinet 1124: 1122: 1121:Fifth Cabinet 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1111:Third Cabinet 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1101:First Cabinet 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1006: 999: 992: 991: 987: 985: 984: 980: 979: 975: 974:Personal life 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 961: 960: 959: 950: 935: 932: 928: 927: 924: 923: 915: 912: 909: 905: 902: 899: 895: 891: 887: 884: 881: 877: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 857: 855: 851: 846: 842: 838: 834: 827: 825: 822: 821: 819: 815: 812: 809:5, including 808: 804: 788: 783: 779: 776: 773: 769: 766: 763: 761:Resting place 759: 756: 752: 743: 739: 736: 732: 708: 704: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 672: 671:Kwame Nkrumah 669: 663: 660: 657: 651: 645: 640: 637: 630: 627: 624: 618: 615: 612: 606: 600: 595: 592: 585: 581: 575: 571: 565: 559: 554: 551: 547: 543: 537: 533: 527: 523: 517: 511: 506: 503: 499: 495: 489: 486: 483: 477: 473: 467: 461: 456: 452: 446: 443: 440: 434: 430: 424: 418: 413: 408: 404: 397: 393: 389: 383: 379: 373: 369: 365: 359: 354: 350: 344: 340: 334: 327: 324: 323: 321: 317: 311: 306: 303: 302:Mahmoud Fawzi 300: 294: 290: 284: 280: 276: 270: 265: 262: 257: 254: 251: 245: 242: 239: 233: 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 211: 208: 205: 202: 199: 196: 193: 190: 187: 184: 181: 178: 175: 172: 169: 166: 165: 161: 154: 151: 146: 139: 136: 133: 130: 127: 124: 121: 118: 117: 113: 106: 100: 94: 89: 86: 81: 77: 70: 65: 56: 49: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 20161:Brinkmanship 20053:intelligence 19942:Marius Oprea 19892:Harvey Klehr 19822:Herbert Feis 19812:Willem Drees 19777:Archie Brown 19694: 19682: 19664: 19654:Trybuna Ludu 19652: 19645: 19641:Radio Moscow 19633: 19626: 19619: 19447:Anti-Zionism 19363: 19286:Keynesianism 19274:Conservatism 19138:Transnistria 19118:China-Taiwan 18775:Gera Demands 18648: 18449: 18324: 18129:El Porteñazo 18023:Congo Crisis 17938: 17873:Algerian War 17856: 17732:Western Bloc 17727:Eastern Bloc 17722:Iron Curtain 17578: 17570: 17562: 17539: 17519: 17511: 17428:Soviet Union 17426: 17419: 17334:Pan-Islamism 17212: 17205: 17198: 17098:Ba'ath Party 16975:Ameen Rihani 16964: 16835:Jassem Alwan 16830:Michel Aflaq 16686:Algerian War 16612:Iraqi Revolt 16357: 15983: 15909: 15899: 15887: 15877: 15745: 15736:Z. Mohieddin 15725: 15715: 15221:N. al-Atassi 15211:L. al-Atassi 15165: 15133:H. al-Atassi 15106:H. al-Atassi 15078:H. al-Atassi 15030:H. al-Atassi 14973:Pierre-Alype 14867: 14851:Adly Mansour 14849: 14837: 14825: 14815: 14726:Ahmed Shawqi 14721:Kamal Rifaat 14650: 14571: 14546: 14521: 14496: 14471: 14435: 14428: 14418: 14408: 14401: 14394: 14387: 14380: 14373: 14366: 14339: 14316: 14295:, New York: 14292: 14270: 14245: 14223: 14212:the original 14191: 14187: 14158: 14136: 14117:, Syracuse: 14113: 14093:, New York: 14090: 14081: 14058: 14038:, New York: 14035: 14016:, New York: 14013: 13994:, Location: 13991: 13972:, Berkeley: 13968: 13942: 13939:Rubin, Barry 13921: 13903: 13885: 13863: 13829: 13804: 13786: 13764: 13742: 13718: 13692: 13668: 13648: 13629: 13610:, New York: 13606: 13583: 13561: 13539: 13516: 13489:, Brooklyn: 13486: 13466: 13444: 13422: 13400: 13375: 13363: 13341: 13314: 13294: 13275:, Berkeley: 13272: 13253:, New York: 13249: 13230: 13212: 13194: 13175: 13152: 13127: 13102: 13083:, New York: 13080: 13062: 13040: 13018: 13000: 12981:, New York: 12978: 12956:, New York: 12953: 12929: 12908:, New York: 12905: 12886:, New York: 12883: 12861: 12838: 12819: 12800:, New York: 12796: 12773:, Abingdon: 12770: 12745: 12723: 12720:Beinin, Joel 12701:, New York: 12698: 12679:, Westport: 12676: 12654: 12635:, New York: 12632: 12610: 12591:, New York: 12588: 12562:, New York: 12558: 12539:Random House 12534: 12511: 12499: 12479: 12472: 12460:. Retrieved 12456:the original 12451: 12442: 12433: 12427: 12415:. Retrieved 12408:the original 12403: 12391: 12379:. Retrieved 12374: 12365: 12353:. Retrieved 12348: 12335: 12323:. Retrieved 12318: 12309: 12297:. Retrieved 12287: 12282:, p. 10 12280:Aburish 2004 12275: 12263:. Retrieved 12259: 12250: 12238: 12233:, p. 97 12226: 12184: 12179:, p. 74 12172: 12165:Aburish 2004 12160: 12153:Aburish 2004 12148: 12143:, p. 85 12136: 12131:, p. 84 12124: 12112:. Retrieved 12107: 12097: 12085: 12073:. Retrieved 12066: 12056: 12044: 12032: 12025:Dawisha 2009 12005: 12000:, p. 41 11993: 11981:. Retrieved 11977:the original 11970: 11960: 11955:, p. 52 11948: 11937:, retrieved 11932: 11928: 11915: 11910:, p. 47 11891:Dawisha 2009 11886: 11874: 11862: 11853: 11847: 11838: 11823: 11816: 11792: 11785: 11766: 11760: 11755:, p. 49 11748: 11741:Wilford 2013 11736: 11724: 11719:, p. 64 11704:, p. 50 11697: 11660:(1): 75–91. 11657: 11653: 11643: 11638:, p. 61 11631: 11626:, p. 44 11611:, p. 67 11589:. Retrieved 11585:the original 11578: 11568: 11556:. Retrieved 11546: 11521:. Retrieved 11515: 11508:Cook, Steven 11502: 11491:, retrieved 11484: 11474: 11462:. Retrieved 11455: 11445: 11433: 11428:, p. 66 11421: 11414:Hourani 2002 11409: 11397:. Retrieved 11390: 11380: 11368: 11363:, p. 42 11348:, p. 99 11341: 11334:Dawisha 2009 11329: 11317:. Retrieved 11307: 11282: 11253:. Retrieved 11242: 11233: 11221:. Retrieved 11210: 11201: 11189:. Retrieved 11180:Ahram Online 11178: 11154:. Retrieved 11150:the original 11145: 11135: 11115:, p. 50 11108: 11096: 11067: 11055: 11043:. Retrieved 11039:the original 11028: 10997:Darling 2013 10977: 10951:, p. 72 10944: 10939:, p. 72 10932: 10921: 10915: 10903: 10891:. Retrieved 10887:the original 10880: 10849:Aburish 2004 10825:. Retrieved 10818: 10809: 10783:Aburish 2004 10768:Nutting 1972 10753:Dawisha 2009 10748: 10741:Aburish 2004 10736: 10729:Dawisha 2009 10724: 10716: 10701: 10691: 10679: 10657:Aburish 2004 10642:Aburish 2004 10637: 10630:Aburish 2004 10615:, p. 49 10608: 10603:, p. 66 10596: 10589:Aburish 2004 10574:Aburish 2004 10569: 10562:Aburish 2004 10547:Aburish 2004 10542: 10537:, p. 92 10522:, p. 89 10505:, p. 97 10488:, p. 88 10481: 10474:Aburish 2004 10469: 10462:Aburish 2004 10447:Aburish 2004 10442: 10428:(1): 64–82. 10425: 10421: 10411: 10404:Aburish 2004 10399: 10392:Aburish 2004 10387: 10367:, p. 88 10352:, p. 87 10335:Nutting 1972 10330: 10325:, p. 85 10318: 10311:Aburish 2004 10298:, p. 84 10291: 10284:Bidwell 1998 10269:Aburish 2004 10254:, p. 19 10247: 10240:Aburish 2004 10227:, p. 82 10220: 10213:Aburish 2004 10196:Aburish 2004 10191: 10186:, p. 95 10179: 10172:Aburish 2004 10167: 10160:Aburish 2004 10155: 10150:, p. 97 10133:Aburish 2004 10120:, p. 86 10103:Aburish 2004 10098: 10089: 10069: 10046: 10041:, p. 95 10024:Aburish 2004 10004: 9992: 9987:, p. 77 9968:, p. 90 9961: 9956:, p. 76 9939:Aburish 2004 9919: 9907: 9900:Aburish 2004 9880: 9868: 9856: 9849:Aburish 2004 9832:Aburish 2004 9827: 9815: 9810:, p. 89 9803: 9798:, p. 88 9781:, p. 71 9764:, p. 51 9757: 9750:Aburish 2004 9731:Aburish 2004 9695:Aburish 2004 9690: 9685:, p. 58 9678: 9673:, p. 57 9666: 9661:, p. 52 9644:Aburish 2004 9623:Dawisha 2009 9603: 9598:, p. 81 9591: 9584:Dawisha 2009 9579: 9572:Aburish 2004 9550: 9543:Dawisha 2009 9538: 9531:Aburish 2004 9512:Pollack 2002 9507: 9500:Dawisha 2009 9483:Aburish 2004 9451:Aburish 2004 9432:Dawisha 2009 9427: 9420:Aburish 2004 9405:Dawisha 2009 9400: 9393:Dawisha 2009 9378:Dawisha 2009 9373: 9366:Aburish 2004 9361: 9354:Dawisha 2009 9349: 9342:Aburish 2004 9312:Aburish 2004 9293:Aburish 2004 9288: 9281:Aburish 2004 9261:. Retrieved 9246: 9239: 9232:Dawisha 2009 9213: 9202: 9195:Aburish 2004 9190: 9183:Aburish 2004 9178: 9171:Dawisha 2009 9166: 9159:Aburish 2004 9154: 9147:Dawisha 2009 9132:Aburish 2004 9112:. Retrieved 9084: 9080: 9070: 9058:. Retrieved 9038: 9032: 9012:Aburish 2004 9007: 9000:Aburish 2004 8983:Aburish 2004 8978: 8971:Dawisha 2009 8966: 8959:Aburish 2004 8954: 8947:Dawisha 2009 8942: 8930: 8923:Aburish 2004 8918: 8911:Dawisha 2009 8906: 8899:Dawisha 2009 8894: 8887:Dawisha 2009 8882: 8875:Dawisha 2009 8860:Dawisha 2009 8843:Aburish 2004 8820:Aburish 2004 8815: 8808:Aburish 2004 8803: 8791: 8784:Dawisha 2009 8769:Dawisha 2009 8750:Dawisha 2009 8745: 8723:Aburish 2004 8702: 8695:Aburish 2004 8673: 8666:Dawisha 2009 8651:Aburish 2004 8646: 8641:, p. 50 8634: 8615: 8603:. Retrieved 8599:the original 8588: 8583:, p. 87 8576: 8564:. Retrieved 8554: 8547:Dawisha 2009 8542: 8537:, p. 51 8490:, p. 94 8475:, p. 46 8468: 8461:Bidwell 1998 8423:Aburish 2004 8408:, p. 47 8401: 8396:, p. 66 8389: 8382:Dawisha 2009 8377: 8366:, retrieved 8359: 8346: 8334: 8322: 8317:, p. 91 8310: 8298: 8286: 8281:, p. 96 8274: 8267:Aburish 2004 8247:. Retrieved 8240: 8223:, p. 68 8178: 8147: 8142:, p. 45 8125:, p. 80 8118: 8106: 8086:, p. 84 8064: 8059:, p. 67 8031: 8026:, p. 66 8019: 8007: 7995: 7968: 7956: 7951:, p. 43 7936:, p. 12 7914:. Retrieved 7886: 7880: 7870: 7858: 7853:, p. 44 7809:Aburish 2004 7804: 7799:, p. 32 7792: 7772:, p. 56 7770:Aburish 2004 7744: 7739:, p. 54 7737:Aburish 2004 7701:Aburish 2004 7696: 7689:Aburish 2004 7684: 7679:, p. 39 7662:, p. 38 7655: 7650:, p. 36 7643: 7638:, p. 52 7636:Aburish 2004 7631: 7626:, p. 35 7609:, p. 34 7602: 7597:, p. 33 7590: 7585:, p. 60 7583:Nutting 1972 7578: 7573:, p. 32 7556:, p. 27 7541:, p. 51 7539:Aburish 2004 7522:, p. 23 7515: 7510:, p. 22 7503: 7496:Aburish 2004 7479:, p. 45 7477:Aburish 2004 7464:, p. 46 7462:Aburish 2004 7457: 7445: 7440:, p. 24 7423:Nutting 1972 7418: 7413:, p. 41 7411:Aburish 2004 7391: 7384:Nutting 1972 7379: 7372:Aburish 2004 7353:Aburish 2004 7340:, p. 34 7338:Aburish 2004 7317:, p. 33 7315:Aburish 2004 7300:, p. 32 7298:Aburish 2004 7285:, p. 30 7283:Aburish 2004 7278: 7271:Aburish 2004 7244:, p. 17 7229:, p. 27 7227:Pollack 2002 7222: 7210: 7195: 7186: 7159:. 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Tauris 13947:M.E. Sharpe 13699:E.P. Dutton 13566:I.B. Tauris 13491:Verso Books 13447:, Boulder: 13405:I.B. Tauris 12844:Verso Books 12351:(in German) 12049:Gordon 2000 11983:24 November 11939:26 November 11717:Cooper 1982 11609:Cooper 1982 11558:15 February 11399:23 November 11089:Gordon 2000 11045:23 November 10949:Nelson 2000 10937:Botman 1988 10908:Weston 2008 10802:Daigle 2012 10672:Viorst 1987 10535:Kandil 2012 10380:Kandil 2012 10365:Kandil 2012 10350:Kandil 2012 10323:Kandil 2012 10296:Kandil 2012 10225:Kandil 2012 10184:Mutawi 2002 10148:Brooks 2008 10118:Kandil 2012 10051:Kandil 2012 10039:Brooks 2008 10009:Parker 1996 9997:Parker 1996 9985:Kandil 2012 9966:Brooks 2008 9954:Kandil 2012 9926:, p. 2 9924:Ferris 2013 9808:Brooks 2008 9796:Brooks 2008 9762:Kandil 2012 9659:Cubert 1997 8639:Kandil 2012 8581:Beinin 2005 8406:Kandil 2012 8352:Shlaim, Avi 8339:Heikal 1973 8327:Heikal 1973 8315:Heikal 1973 8111:Peretz 1994 8099:Peretz 1994 8084:Ansari 1986 7863:Kandil 2012 7677:Kandil 2012 7660:Kandil 2012 7648:Kandil 2012 7624:Kandil 2012 7607:Kandil 2012 7595:Kandil 2012 7571:Kandil 2012 7554:Kandil 2012 7520:Kandil 2012 7508:Kandil 2012 7242:Heikal 1973 7157:(in Hebrew) 7115:Heikal 1973 6707:Litvin 2011 6137:Six-Day War 6132:Suez Crisis 5855:Tahia Kazem 5843:Tahia Kazem 5810:Arab cinema 5758:South Yemen 5478:Segregation 5375:Persecution 5322:Nae Ionescu 5023:Disclose.tv 4736:Blood libel 4672:Strasserism 4454:New Zealand 4402:Costa Rican 4321:Definitions 4219:and writer 4197:October War 4188:Anwar Sadat 4168:Arab Spring 4143:Mubarak era 4046:feudalistic 3954:dignitaries 3864:Rogers Plan 3600:casus belli 3561:Six-Day War 3555:Six-Day War 3426:Sunni Islam 3405:Anwar Sadat 3268:independent 3196:bourgeoisie 3144:Fuad Chehab 3135:Salah Bitar 3091:Fuad Chehab 3024:Egypt, and 3014:King Faisal 2858:pan-Arabism 2772:Salah Salem 2716:Suez Crisis 2710:Suez Crisis 2566:Yugoslavian 2561:and India. 2547:French rule 2515:Afghanistan 2475:North Yemen 2469:Nasser and 2426:Arab League 2356:Umm Kulthum 2344:Sayyid Qutb 2282:Switzerland 2057:coup d'état 1969:Umm Kulthum 1938:Arab Legion 1934:Transjordan 1904:during the 1843:Anwar Sadat 1590:Upper Egypt 1515:Six-Day War 1499:pan-Arabist 1475:Suez Crisis 1201:The Journey 1094:Governments 1081:Suez Crisis 1066:Six-Day War 1052:Presidency 1015:(1953–1954) 1001:(1956–1970) 787:Tahia Kazem 654:Preceded by 609:Preceded by 568:Preceded by 530:Preceded by 496:Gamal Salem 480:Preceded by 453:Gamal Salem 442:Gamal Salem 437:Preceded by 376:Preceded by 337:Preceded by 287:Preceded by 253:Anwar Sadat 236:Preceded by 20249:Categories 19755:Historians 19746:Space Race 19647:Rudé právo 19601:Propaganda 19457:Neo-Nazism 19427:Chauvinism 19381:Trotskyism 19296:Monetarism 19264:Liberalism 19256:Capitalism 19248:Ideologies 19199:Ostpolitik 18922:Solidarity 18887:Toyota War 18790:Solidarity 18647:Operation 18602:Ogaden War 18291:Dhofar War 18179:Shifta War 17937:Operation 17785:Korean War 17577:Operation 17569:Operation 17561:Operation 17538:Operation 17518:Operation 17510:Operation 17192:Literature 16885:Tariq Aziz 16802:Arab world 16797:Arab Union 16726:Dhofar War 16368:Boumédiène 16285:Tshisekedi 16250:Abdel Aziz 16164:Bouteflika 16009:Boumédiène 15536:Y. Ibrahim 15194:al-Kuzbari 15138:al-Quwatli 15127:al-Kuzbari 15072:al-Hinnawi 15062:al-Quwatli 14577:1964–1970 14550:1967–1970 14525:1954–1962 14477:1954–1970 14275:I.B.Tauris 14273:, London: 14250:Croom Helm 14248:, London: 14139:, Lanham: 13945:, Armonk: 13564:, London: 13542:, London: 13403:, London: 13130:, Albany: 13021:, London: 12842:, London: 12657:, Albany: 12581:Adi, Hakim 12462:29 January 12321:(in Czech) 11998:Rubin 2010 11908:Podeh 2004 11753:Podeh 2004 11729:Podeh 2004 11702:Podeh 2004 11690:Podeh 2004 11636:Podeh 2004 11624:Osman 2011 11553:Al-Jazeera 11426:Seale 1990 11395:. BBC MMIX 11373:Hamad 2008 11361:Osman 2011 11346:Hamad 2008 11287:Hamad 2008 11275:Podeh 2004 11217:Al-Jazeera 11128:Podeh 2004 10982:Reich 1990 10827:27 January 10820:Al Arabiya 10684:Farid 1996 10503:Farid 1996 10252:Fahmy 2013 9861:Stork 2001 9820:Farid 1996 9779:Farid 1996 9608:Seale 1990 9596:Seale 1990 9555:Seale 1990 9466:Podeh 2004 9327:Salam 2004 9263:23 January 9114:15 October 8935:Podeh 1999 8738:Yaqub 2004 8678:Rogan 2011 8605:12 January 8535:Yaqub 2004 8291:Rogan 2011 8279:Hamad 2008 8183:Podeh 2004 8171:James 2008 8152:James 2008 8036:Ginat 2010 8012:Ginat 2010 8000:Ginat 2010 7973:Ginat 2010 7961:Ginat 2010 7749:Brown 2000 7718:Rogan 2011 7215:Dokos 2007 7161:6 December 6463:28 January 6311:References 5961:Akher Sa'a 5792:Ahmed Zaki 5596:Yad Vashem 5501:Opposition 5473:Refuseniks 5424:Jewish hat 5397:Expulsions 5307:A. C. Cuza 5302:Horia Sima 5282:Rick Wiles 5232:David Lane 5192:Henry Ford 5177:David Duke 5152:Louis Beam 5100:Terrorgram 5095:Stormfront 4950:Mein Kampf 4815:Kosher tax 4803:Żydokomuna 4741:Cohen Plan 4617:Creativity 4172:revolution 4162:Historian 3761:mukhabarat 3648:Gaza Strip 3626:of Yemen, 3548:re-elected 3458:admitting 3448:curriculum 3353:Yugoslavia 3219:See also: 2971:contiguity 2872:Nasserites 2822:See also: 2647:Suez Canal 2631:Suez Canal 2568:president 2471:Imam Ahmad 2317:Alexandria 2234:Suez Canal 2156:Cairo Fire 2142:and Nasser 2076:Wafd Party 2055:'s Syrian 2004:Revolution 1760:, and the 1578:Alexandria 1568:Early life 1463:Arab world 964:Early life 853:Allegiance 828:politician 817:Profession 731:Alexandria 724:1918-01-15 20233:Biography 20042:Ken Young 19887:Tony Judt 19736:Arms race 19709:Red Scare 19577:NN States 19522:Apartheid 19477:Autocracy 19386:Stalinism 19354:Guevarism 19344:Castroism 19334:Communism 19326:Socialism 18852:Star Wars 18445:Koza riot 17571:Beleaguer 17563:Masterdom 17225:Symbolism 16569:Nasserism 16564:Ba'athism 16468:R. Castro 16463:F. Castro 16383:F. Castro 16373:Gopallawa 16300:Ghazouani 16295:Assoumani 16280:Ramaphosa 16230:Mutharika 16179:Mwanawasa 16124:Babangida 16049:Ramgoolam 16029:Hassan II 15686:Aly Maher 15666:Aly Maher 15611:Aly Maher 15596:Aly Maher 15363:Elbaroudi 15226:al-Khatib 15122:Shishakli 15111:Shishakli 15057:al-Ayyubi 15046:al-Hasani 15035:al-Khatib 15013:al-Hasani 14984:al-Hasani 14531:Ali Sabri 14208:159943632 14163:NUS Press 13479:317256563 13346:Doubleday 13157:IOS Press 13085:Routledge 12792:Bird, Kai 12775:Routledge 12748:, Cairo: 12726:, Cairo: 12637:Routledge 12593:Routledge 12547:314333504 12325:6 January 12243:Bird 2010 12204:Bird 2010 11867:Herf 2009 11523:18 August 11493:18 August 11464:18 August 11457:Gulf News 11184:Jadaliyya 11072:Cook 2011 10970:Cook 2011 9912:Cook 2011 9109:222110461 9101:1353-7113 9055:153362433 8796:Dann 1989 8520:Kyle 2001 8505:Kyle 2011 8368:6 October 8024:Cook 2011 7911:153604066 7903:1468-2745 6992:Cook 2011 6949:Reid 1981 6884:20 August 6417:cite news 6402:0190-8286 6316:Citations 5959:) (1955; 5934:influenza 5826:The Crown 5801:Nasser 56 5157:Don Black 5090:StoneToss 5060:Metapedia 5055:Jew Watch 4945:The Light 4699:Secondary 4694:Religious 4605:Christian 4595:Alt-right 4572:Venezuela 4494:Stalinist 4469:Palestine 4367:Australia 4362:Argentina 4355:Geography 4311:Reference 4179:Criticism 4084:Al-Karama 4072:Nasserist 4065:fine arts 3988:Jerusalem 3853:agreement 3652:West Bank 3537:Islamists 3452:religious 3444:evolution 3430:Wahhabism 3345:Indonesia 3252:civil war 3163:rebellion 3059:East ... 3002:Imam Badr 2911:phosphate 2856:By 1957, 2828:Nasserism 2806:diplomat 2764:Port Said 2704:Marrakesh 2635:Port Said 2503:Indonesia 2286:King Saud 2166:feudalism 2080:el-Nahhas 1990:armistice 1902:Palestine 1795:'s novel 1758:Garibaldi 1550:Aswan Dam 1544:efforts. 1495:socialist 1196:Port Said 1186:Nasser 56 1154:Elections 998:President 892:1938–1952 836:Signature 644:In office 599:In office 558:In office 510:In office 460:In office 417:In office 367:President 358:In office 351:Ali Sabri 319:President 310:In office 278:President 269:In office 259:31st 123:Ali Sabri 93:In office 20194:Timeline 20184:Category 20129:See also 19621:Izvestia 19462:Islamism 19359:Hoxhaism 19234:Rollback 19113:Abkhazia 19053:Gulf War 18957:Glasnost 18327:incident 18097:Sand War 17955:Ifni War 17464:Rio Pact 17409:Cold War 17367:Category 17309:Islamism 17018:Al-Fatat 16785:Concepts 16552:Ideology 16458:Abdullah 16453:Mahathir 16438:Pastrana 16403:Drnovšek 16205:Obasanjo 16200:Chissano 16159:Compaoré 16119:Museveni 16084:Mengistu 15999:Selassie 15979:Selassie 15961:and the 15861:Madbouly 15836:Ganzouri 15811:Ganzouri 15756:A. Sedky 15731:A. Sabry 15646:Nokrashy 15636:Nokrashy 15616:H. Sabry 15586:A. Yahya 15541:Zaghloul 15254:* acting 15216:al-Hafiz 15206:al-Qudsi 15067:al-Za'im 15051:al-Ulshi 15019:Solomiac 13966:(1990), 13941:(2010), 13856:49225708 13828:(2002), 13689:(1972), 13514:(2003), 13374:(2002), 13340:(1973), 13151:(2007), 13126:(1971), 12977:(2011), 12794:(2010), 12769:(1998), 12722:(2005), 12587:(2003), 12556:(2004), 12533:(1968), 11923:(1964), 11840:murdered 11654:Folklore 11392:BBC News 11035:Al-Ahram 8623:Archived 8354:(1997), 8242:BBC News 6361:"Nasser" 6330:"Nasser" 6111:See also 5940:Writings 5930:bed rest 5806:Egyptian 5798:'s 1996 5650:Category 5565:UN Watch 5435:Judensau 5392:Boycotts 5050:Groypers 4793:Judensau 4667:Neo-Nazi 4652:Medieval 4622:Economic 4590:Academic 4464:Pakistan 4337:Three Ds 4306:Timeline 4282:Part of 4259:a series 4257:Part of 4134:Mansoura 4044:, while 3992:Old City 3925:diabetes 3763:state". 3644:el-Arish 3605:alliance 3492:diabetes 3464:Alawites 3422:de facto 3418:al-Azhar 3411:Al-Azhar 3174:comrade 3155:Damascus 3046:Qasimism 2852:of Syria 2671:Belgrade 2633:city of 2527:Cold War 2507:Pakistan 2397:attacked 2376:Dakahlia 2152:Ismailia 2148:fedayeen 2114:al-Misri 1894:1948 war 1854:Khartoum 1847:Mankabad 1746:Napoleon 1738:Muhammad 1709:Al-Gihad 1664:Al Gihad 1655:Voltaire 1613:Khatatba 1598:el-Minya 1586:Beni Mur 1029:1948 War 1022:Military 969:Ideology 806:Children 160:See list 112:See list 83:2nd 20207:Portals 19684:Amerika 19567:Comecon 19452:Fascism 19442:Zionism 19391:Titoism 18932:Contras 18400:Détente 17677:Comecon 17013:Al-Awda 16588:History 16493:Rouhani 16478:Tantawi 16473:Mubarak 16443:Mandela 16428:Suharto 16225:Gaddafi 16220:Kikwete 16210:Nguesso 16174:Chiluba 16169:Eyadéma 16139:Ben Ali 16134:Mubarak 16114:Mubarak 16099:Nguesso 16089:Nyerere 16074:Stevens 16069:Senghor 16064:Tolbert 16059:Nimeiry 15989:Nkrumah 15883:interim 15846:Beblawi 15786:Mubarak 15741:Soliman 15606:Mahmoud 15566:Mahmoud 15333:Isma'il 15237:Khaddam 15200:al-Nuss 15025:al-Abid 14968:Barakat 14940:Barakat 14409:Hypatia 12523:Sources 12381:27 June 12299:24 June 12114:10 June 12075:23 July 11935:(1): 52 11674:1261035 11319:30 June 11255:11 June 11223:10 June 11191:11 June 11156:10 June 10434:4329432 9060:5 March 8566:29 July 8249:4 March 7916:4 March 6637:23 July 6373:9 March 6345:9 March 6028:Honours 5999:, 1955) 5859:Iranian 5821:Netflix 5788:Saladin 5734:statist 5456:Pogroms 5111:TruNews 5072:Red Ice 5045:GoyimTV 4756:Deicide 4709:Zionist 4684:Olympic 4642:Islamic 4560:History 4533:Ukraine 4474:Romania 4439:Hungary 4429:Germany 4397:Chilean 4392:Chinese 4382:Belgium 4377:Belarus 4372:Austria 4301:History 4213:liberal 4201:Infitah 3997:Le Jour 3815:of the 3341:Sukarno 3291:toppled 3258:at the 3208:Latakia 2904:Lebanon 2844:, King 2782:The US 2543:Morocco 2539:Algeria 2535:Tunisia 2497:At the 2485:of the 1921:British 1779:, poet 1750:Atatürk 1734:sayings 1594:Mallawi 1469:of the 1056:History 800: 792: 328:Himself 281:Himself 200:(1961) 170:(1958) 19635:Pravda 19437:Racism 19376:Maoism 19128:Kosovo 18649:Condor 18325:Pueblo 18311:May 68 17939:Gladio 17857:Tuapse 17520:Jungle 17512:Priboi 16503:Aliyev 16498:Maduro 16433:Samper 16418:Kostić 16398:Mugabe 16363:Kaunda 16358:Nasser 16270:Kagame 16255:Mugabe 16235:Obiang 16215:Kufuor 16154:Mugabe 16109:Traoré 16104:Kaunda 16024:Daddah 16019:Kaunda 16014:Ahidjo 16004:Mobutu 15994:Ankrah 15984:Nasser 15918:period 15856:Ismail 15851:Mahlab 15841:Qandil 15831:Sharaf 15826:Shafik 15776:Khalil 15766:Hegazy 15746:Nasser 15726:Nasser 15721:Naguib 15716:Nasser 15711:Naguib 15691:Naguib 15681:Hilaly 15671:Hilaly 15591:Naseem 15556:Sarwat 15546:Zeiwar 15531:Naseem 15526:Sarwat 15501:Naseem 15486:Roshdy 15423:Roshdy 15393:Fakhry 15373:Sherif 15368:Raghib 15358:Sherif 15348:Tewfik 15343:Sherif 15338:Tewfik 15166:Nasser 15040:al-Azm 14868:Italic 14423:online 14413:online 14348: 14340:Nasser 14325: 14303: 14281: 14264:online 14256: 14234: 14206: 14169: 14147: 14125: 14101: 14070: 14046: 14024: 14002: 13980: 13953: 13928: 13910: 13892: 13874: 13854: 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3735:Israel 3620:Faisal 3466:, and 3311:Sana'a 3296:purged 2902:, and 2868:Beirut 2812:rayyes 2541:, and 2513:, and 2390:(1965) 1994:occupy 1986:Rhodes 1942:Israel 1742:Sahaba 1732:, the 1730:Qur'an 1668:Farouk 1628:Helwan 1560:, his 1554:Helwan 1552:, and 1450:under 1307:(2004) 1295:(1967) 1283:(1966) 1271:(1965) 1259:(1965) 1247:(1964) 1236:(1955) 1214:Honors 1191:Nasser 781:Spouse 18:Nasser 20221:Egypt 20120:Stasi 19587:SAARC 19582:ASEAN 19547:SEATO 19400:Other 19365:Juche 19123:Korea 19036:1990s 18749:1980s 18393:1970s 18016:1960s 17768:1950s 17478:1940s 17459:NEATO 17454:SEATO 17444:ANZUS 17113:Fatah 16483:Morsi 16448:Mbeki 16423:Ćosić 16413:Mesić 16408:Jović 16393:Singh 16388:Reddy 16265:Condé 16195:Mbeki 16144:Meles 16129:Diouf 16094:Diouf 16054:Bongo 16039:Barre 16034:Gowon 15894:Urabi 15873:Notes 15821:Nazif 15816:Ebeid 15801:Lotfy 15781:Sadat 15771:Salem 15761:Sadat 15751:Fawzi 15676:Sirri 15661:Nahas 15656:Sirri 15641:Sidky 15626:Nahas 15621:Sirri 15601:Nahas 15581:Sidky 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Gamal Abdel Nasser

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