1473:
625:, established his own dictatorship. When Tătărescu chose to back the regime and was expelled, Gheorghe I. Brătianu became replaced his rival as the second most important figure of the semi-clandestine party, and agreed to join the National Peasants' Party in voicing criticism of Carol's authoritarian policies.
468:). Duca's premiership, begun in November of the same year, saw an exodus of Georgists back to the PNL, after a failed attempt to have the party itself reunite with the latter. At around the same time, PNL-Brătianu began moving away from supporting the king, as its leader refused to compromise with the
540:
When Duca was assassinated by the Iron Guard on
December 30, 1933, Tătărescu's succession to the premiership effectively led to a change in political programs, as the new executive was open to collaboration with Carol. In the new context, Brătianu became an opponent of the monarch, and, in front of
545:
amended by authoritarian legislation, was a supporter of legal traditions; the
Georgists also expressed reserve towards the outlawing of the Iron Guard, viewing it as a dangerous precedent. The PNL-Brătianu found itself in a bitter rivalry with the "young liberals", whose presence in the forefront
419:
section of the PNL, voiced his full support for the new monarch, and, despite his energetic protests, was soon after excluded from the party. Nevertheless, Vintilă Brătianu and Carol normalized their relations in July, just a six months before the former's unexpected death. The main PNL was
597:
and the Iron Guard in the electoral pact that was meant to protect the opposition from all possible interference of the Tătărescu government in the results of the voting. The uniquely indecisive results of the voting allowed Carol to form a loyal executive around the
1394:
Ioan Scurtu, "«Politica: (...) culegi mai multă nedreptate decât răsplată». Rolul politic al Brătienilor în istoria României" ("«Politics: (...) One Reaps More
Injustices Than Rewards». The Political Role of the Brătianus in Romania's History"), in
1373:"«Adevărul rămâne oricare ar fi soarta celor care l-au servit». Gh.I.Brătianu — un istoric printre politicieni" ("«The Truth Remains Whatever the Fate of Those Who Served It». Gh. I. Brătianu — a Historian Among Politicians"), in
374:(PNŢ)—being crushed in the elections of 1928 (when it obtained only 6.5% of the vote). The PNL had become factionalized over issues related to policy, with the most radical of the new currents being
613:; the Georgists remained in opposition to the new government, and began talks for a reconciliation with the PNL, after the defeated Tătărescu lost ground to the "old liberal" leadership around
1971:
218:
The
National Liberal Party–Brătianu was active between June 15, 1930 and January 10, 1938. Notable members of the group, other than its founder Brătianu, included the historians
472:
forming around Carol. Gheorghe I. Brătianu turned down multiple offers to become premier, at a time when Carol sought new solutions to combat the rise in popularity of the
953:, was only added to the name in order avoid confusion. The competition over legitimacy, with its implications in naming, was similar with the one experienced later by the
691:", Gheorghe I. Brătianu signed his name to a protest regarding the German-enforced Arbitration, and later stated that he had "preferred Germany's hostility to its scorn".
2279:
2189:
243:
1819:
2274:
2153:
716:, his demand was merely a procedure through which he intended to politely avoid all association with the Guard). When Antonescu's regime joined Germany in its
621:
and the uncle of
Gheorghe). The reunion occurred exactly a month before Carol dismissed the Goga government and, nominally outlawing all parties to create the
533:. Although he was initially received with interest, Brătianu's plans were ultimately rejected by the Germans, who chose to maintain a closer relationship with
1454:
747:
influences, and the issue of his support for an alliance with
Germany was interpreted in the same sense; it was also alleged that he had been, in fact, an
1538:
375:
239:
1976:
725:
227:
583:
562:
throughout its existence, the
Georgists still ranked consistently as the fourth or sixth most successful party in the country. In 1934, together with
2544:
2168:
1533:
1956:
1951:
1503:
1432:
554:
Present in all but one electoral district by 1933, Brătianu's group won only 6.5% of the vote in the 1932 elections (when it chose not to form any
1543:
2534:
2123:
1981:
2519:
751:
volunteer in the war against the
Soviets. These accusations were partly the basis for his arrest, and contributed to his death in custody at
1383:
2401:
2077:
1784:
1518:
1508:
19:
This article is about a political party whose members are sometimes called
Georgists. For the philosophy associated with Henry George, see
329:; Its nationalist discourse was itself tempered from inside the group: while welcoming minorities inside its structures, it condemned the
2493:
2269:
2194:
1840:
1558:
1261:
Ornea, p.328; Petre Otu also indicates that Brătianu "was dissatisfied with the role attributed to the Iron Guard" ("Adevărul...", p.27).
2554:
2524:
199:. For its symbol, PNL-Brătianu chose three vertical bars, placed at equal distance from each other. The Georgists' official voice was
2564:
1814:
2340:
2330:
2047:
1966:
1875:
1870:
1447:
1345:
Dumitru Hîncu, "O vizita controversată la Berlin, în 1936: Gheorghe Brătianu" ("A Controversial Visit to Berlin: Gheorghe Brătianu"
389:
In
Gheorghe I. Brătianu's case, the cause for conflict was his uncle Vintilă's decision to stand by his commitment to the rule of
2549:
2529:
2204:
2057:
1513:
2436:
2406:
2294:
2199:
2052:
1941:
1799:
1743:
1578:
1523:
196:
72:
1809:
2559:
2219:
1493:
954:
231:
712:; talks failed due to Brătianu's excessive ambitions, amounting to virtual Liberal control over the executive (according to
2042:
1865:
1498:
1463:
567:
192:
140:
1415:
2539:
2426:
1991:
1961:
1911:
1855:
1649:
1528:
1440:
2214:
2163:
2006:
1926:
1628:
1488:
511:
405:
1384:
Ianuarie-august 1940. Gheorghe Brătianu - supravegheat" ("January-August 1940. Gheorghe Brătianu - Under Surveillance"
2461:
2456:
2254:
2143:
1598:
1426:
1365:
1324:
362:
The clash between Gheorghe I. Brătianu and the main party occurred in 1930, as, in the period following the death of
1462:
2350:
2345:
2325:
2320:
2107:
2011:
1748:
1568:
653:
1906:
2001:
1704:
637:, Romania was, despite its neutrality, a target for the hostility of both Germany and the Soviet Union after the
2451:
2396:
2315:
2037:
1563:
893:
863:
833:
803:
582:(emerged as an offshoot of the Iron Guard, it disappeared a short while after its leader was assassinated) and
559:
490:
authorities over the guidelines of Romanian external policies, which he wanted to divert from their focus on a
2355:
2224:
1845:
1763:
1613:
1608:
1603:
786:
1794:
2244:
2102:
2082:
1789:
736:
542:
503:
87:
2371:
2249:
2234:
2229:
2087:
2072:
729:
663:, on Carol's direct orders. In 1940, Greater Romania was disestablished through the Soviet annexation of
644:
638:
594:
415:(who replaced his son on the throne during the month of June); Gheorghe I. Brătianu, who was head of the
371:
298:
2421:
2391:
2097:
1996:
1931:
1916:
1860:
1679:
1669:
1407:
622:
401:
2239:
2148:
2027:
1986:
1758:
1699:
1689:
1644:
1623:
1618:
1583:
1553:
2289:
2158:
2138:
1946:
1936:
1753:
740:
695:
602:
346:
294:
2431:
2067:
1880:
433:
1344:
177:
46:
2446:
2299:
2264:
2259:
2209:
2128:
1885:
1664:
1332:
656:
579:
223:
2416:
2411:
2386:
1921:
1901:
1709:
1684:
1659:
1654:
1360:("The Thirties: the Far Right in Romania"), Ed. Fundației Culturale Române, Bucharest, 1995,
676:
452:, Gheorghe I. Brătianu publicly declared his admiration for him—this partial assimilation of
367:
306:
660:
618:
363:
2466:
2381:
2335:
2092:
2062:
2032:
1768:
717:
424:, who was assisted by the future leader of the so-called "young liberals" (supporting both
393:
145:
8:
2498:
672:
412:
322:
235:
181:
135:
114:
102:
92:
247:
1588:
1548:
563:
555:
408:
109:
1412:
La mística del ultranacionalismo (Historia de la Guardia de Hierro) Rumania, 1919–1941
271:
2441:
1573:
1422:
1361:
1320:
1307:
791:
756:
668:
514:
314:
259:
161:
282:
in appeal, and was especially involved in recruiting members of social and cultural
219:
2376:
680:
429:
370:'s leadership, the party had lost power to the most important opposition group—the
326:
318:
251:
204:
1311:("G. M. Cantacuzino. Biographical Notes") at the Iași Faculty of Architecture site
614:
2488:
709:
522:
390:
382:(after openly attacking Vintilă Brătianu, the latter split in 1931 to create the
310:
275:
255:
184:
1694:
728:. Supportive of the Bessarabian expedition, he expressed criticism of Romania's
2173:
1593:
748:
575:
499:
495:
342:
263:
416:
305:
demands, including, in reference to belonging to the many businesses owned by
2513:
2284:
1406:("History of the Iron Guard, 1919-1941: The Mystique of Ultra-Nationalism"),
752:
721:
699:
652:
sympathy towards Greater Romania's borders by discussing the matter with the
606:
518:
506:). He was also suspicious of the planned appeasement between Romania and the
465:
461:
334:
290:
267:
212:
97:
704:
1714:
688:
634:
507:
487:
457:
445:
338:
279:
41:
708:, sharing power with the Guard) and of his assistant, the former Georgist
1835:
1674:
1410:, Bucharest, 1993 (Romanian-language version of the 1989 Spanish edition
649:
421:
302:
2133:
1419:
664:
610:
526:
476:
425:
1204:
Gruber, Cap. VI; Ornea, p.312; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.26; Scurtu, p.17
599:
469:
330:
1015:
Achim, p.158; Gruber, Cap.II; Ornea, p.328; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.26
2471:
1353:
713:
684:
530:
20:
698:) offered the PNL places in the government, upon the pressures of
1850:
1472:
1467:
744:
534:
473:
453:
449:
188:
1081:
Gruber, Cap.I, Cap.VI; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.26; Scurtu, p.15–16
1404:
Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919-1941: Mistica ultranaționalismului
491:
483:
397:
593:
In elections of November 1937, the Georgists joined with the
549:
283:
694:
In September 1940, the newly created Iron Guard regime (the
1222:
Gruber, Cap.VIII; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.26; Scurtu, p.17-18
1252:
Gruber, Cap.VIII; Otu, "Ianuarie-august..."; Scurtu, p.18
724:, serving as an officer for several months under General
286:, whom it placed at the top of its political hierarchy.
2275:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
2154:
National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
521:, which potentially threatened the territorial gains (
1291:
Gruber, Cap.X; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.28; Scurtu, p.19
937:
To its followers, the party was simply known as the
648:). Gheorghe I. Brătianu attempted to determine more
687:. Although being, as himself later pointed out, "a
659:—consequently, he was placed under surveillance by
498:alliance (and its Eastern European reflections—the
211:published art chronicles contributed by the writer
1141:Gruber, Cap. VII; Hîncu; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.27
432:rule over the country around the king's person),
2511:
739:, Brătianu's early platform was attacked by the
456:was a discourse also present with several other
1544:Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania
1177:Gruber, Cap.V; Hîncu; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.26
176:- "Georgists", from the name of their leader,
1504:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
1448:
1335:Partidul Național Liberal (Gheorghe Brătianu)
1243:Gh. I. Brătianu, in Otu, "Ianuarie-august..."
558:). With just 14 to 16 representatives to the
2402:Federation of Socialist Parties from Romania
1957:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)
1952:Romanian Social Democratic Party (1927–1948)
1519:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
1509:Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania
1239:
1237:
2270:National Democratic Hungarian-Szekler Party
2195:Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania
1559:Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party
1089:
1087:
191:, formed as a splinter group from the main
1455:
1441:
1319:, Central European University Press, 2004
1213:Gruber, Cap.VIII; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.26
550:Electoral results and reunion with the PNL
546:blocked all negotiations between the two.
321:began to affect Romania, it recommended a
1358:Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească
1234:
1068:
1066:
517:was campaigning in favour of a pact with
297:, Gheorghe I. Brătianu's party advocated
2545:Political parties disestablished in 1938
2326:Union of Patriots/National Popular Party
1539:Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars
1128:
1126:
1084:
982:
980:
767:
203:, a journal that supported an eponymous
1186:Gruber, Cap.V; Otu, "Adevărul...", p.26
2512:
2407:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
1534:Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs
1524:Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
1269:
1267:
1063:
2535:Political parties established in 1930
2220:General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania
2078:National Peasants' Party–Alexandrescu
1727:
1436:
1333:Victoria Gabriela Gruber, Summary of
1123:
977:
945:was kept to refer to both groupings;
411:had ensured the unexpected return of
2520:Defunct political parties in Romania
1150:Gruber, Cap IV, Cap.VI; Scurtu, p.16
762:
720:(1941), Brătianu was drafted in the
574:, which soon (but briefly) included
486:several times, and began talks with
439:
2427:National Liberal Ecologist Alliance
1972:Social Democratic Party of Bukovina
1962:Romanian Socialist Democratic Party
1912:Democratic National Salvation Front
1856:National Democratic Christian Party
1650:Alliance for the Union of Romanians
1579:Renewing Romania's European Project
1264:
735:Starting in 1944, when Romania was
337:doctrines (including, notably, the
13:
1785:Alliance of Liberals and Democrats
166:Partidul Național Liberal-Brătianu
34:Partidul Național Liberal–Brătianu
14:
2576:
2555:1938 disestablishments in Romania
2525:Defunct liberal political parties
2457:Social Democratic Pole of Romania
2144:National-Christian Defense League
1416:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
289:Unlike the main PNL's program of
2565:National Liberal Party (Romania)
2321:Ecologist Union of Romania Party
2058:Democratic Peasants' Party–Stere
1992:Social Protection People's Party
1982:Social Democratic Workers' Party
1815:National Liberal Party–Tătărescu
1499:Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania
1471:
1309:G.M.Cantacuzino. Notă biografică
1132:Hîncu; Otu, "Ianuarie-august..."
955:National Liberal Party-Tătărescu
232:Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopşor
2053:Democratic Peasants' Party–Lupu
2002:Socialist Party of Transylvania
1942:People's Party – Dan Diaconescu
1810:National Liberal Party–Câmpeanu
1805:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
1285:
1276:
1255:
1246:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1075:
1054:
1045:
755:after the establishment of the
158:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
31:National Liberal Party–Brătianu
2550:1930 establishments in Romania
2530:Nationalist parties in Romania
2452:Romanian Democratic Convention
2397:Democratic Group of the Centre
2255:Jewish National People's Party
1876:Progressive Conservative Party
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
989:
960:
931:
525:) by failing to guarantee for
404:), at the moment when the PNȚ
1:
2341:Party of Young Free Democrats
2331:National Reconstruction Party
2225:Group of Transylvanian Saxons
2108:Transylvanian Peasants' Party
1907:Communist Party (Nepeceriști)
1846:Conservative-Democratic Party
1764:Romanian National Unity Party
1604:Social Liberal Humanist Party
1298:
737:placed under Soviet influence
541:Carol's attempts to have the
482:After 1934, Brătianu visited
301:. It fused these ideals with
2560:Romanian nationalist parties
2351:Republican Party (1990–1993)
2346:Republican Party (1993–2004)
2205:Democratic Union of the Roma
1790:Free and Independent Faction
1744:Democratic Nationalist Party
1514:Cultural Union of Ruthenians
1317:The Roma in Romanian History
1120:Gruber, Cap.IV; Scurtu, p.16
1051:Achim, p.158; Gruber, Cap.VI
718:invasion of the Soviet Union
357:
7:
2372:Alliance for Romanian Unity
2250:Jewish Democratic Committee
2200:Cultural Union of Albanians
2038:Bessarabian Peasants' Party
1728:
1168:Gruber, Cap.V; Scurtu, p.17
645:Romania during World War II
10:
2581:
2540:Liberal parties in Romania
2422:Justice and Truth Alliance
2392:Christian Liberal Alliance
2048:Democratic Peasants' Party
1932:Party of Social Solidarity
1917:Democratic Party of Labour
1871:People's Party (2005–2006)
1861:National Renaissance Front
1494:Association of Macedonians
623:National Renaissance Front
402:Prince Nicholas of Romania
352:
18:
16:Political party in Romania
2494:List of political parties
2484:
2437:People's Democratic Front
2364:
2356:Transylvania–Banat League
2308:
2182:
2149:National Fascist Movement
2116:
2103:Socialist Peasants' Party
2043:Democratic Agrarian Party
2020:
1987:Socialist Party of Labour
1894:
1866:People's Party (1918–1938
1828:
1777:
1759:National Union from Banat
1736:
1723:
1700:Romanian Nationhood Party
1690:National Rebirth Alliance
1645:Alliance for the Homeland
1637:
1584:Romanian Nationhood Party
1481:
1231:Otu, "Ianuarie-august..."
757:Romanian communist regime
628:
131:
120:
108:
86:
78:
68:
60:
52:
40:
28:
2295:Ukrainian Workers' Party
2290:Ukrainian National Party
2235:Hungarian People's Union
2230:Hungarian People's Party
2190:Autonomous Swabian Party
2164:National Socialist Party
2159:National Romanian Fascio
2139:National Christian Party
2073:National Peasants' Party
1967:Romanian Socialist Party
1947:Romanian Communist Party
1927:National Salvation Front
1705:Romanian Socialist Party
1529:Democratic Turkish Union
1273:Otu, "Adevărul...", p.28
924:
741:Romanian Communist Party
696:National Legionary State
679:to Hungary, and that of
603:National Christian Party
595:National Peasants' Party
590:. It disbanded it 1936.
504:Polish–Romanian alliance
384:Liberal Democratic Party
372:National Peasants' Party
347:National Christian Party
2462:Social Democratic Union
2098:Radical Peasants' Party
2068:National Agrarian Party
2007:Socialist Workers Party
1977:Social Democratic Party
1881:Romanian National Party
1670:People's Movement Party
1629:Union of the Ukrainians
1599:Social Democratic Party
1489:Association of Italians
654:German Foreign Minister
639:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
617:(the second brother of
510:, and claimed that the
110:Political position
2447:Right Romania Alliance
2432:National Union PSD+PUR
2300:Union of Romanian Jews
2280:People's Council Party
2129:Crusade of Romanianism
2012:United Socialist Party
1800:National Liberal Party
1795:Liberal Union–Brătianu
1749:Democratic Union Party
1665:Nation People Together
1569:National Liberal Party
939:National Liberal Party
657:Joachim von Ribbentrop
633:After the outbreak of
580:Crusade of Romanianism
224:Constantin C. Giurescu
165:
82:National Liberal Party
73:National Liberal Party
2417:Hungarian German Bloc
2412:Green Ecologist Party
2387:Centre Right Alliance
2215:German People's Party
1937:Peasant Workers' Bloc
1902:Banat Socialist Party
1710:The Right Alternative
1685:Greater Romania Party
1655:Greater Romania Party
1414:, Publicacions de la
1195:Gruber, Cap.V, Cap.VI
966:Commonly rendered as
768:Legislative elections
677:Northern Transylvania
254:, the actor and poet
244:Aurelian Sacerdoţeanu
2467:Social Liberal Union
2382:Centre Left Alliance
2336:Party of Free Change
2088:Peasants' Party–Lupu
2063:League Against Usury
2033:Agrarian Union Party
1851:Constitutional Party
1769:United Romania Party
951:Gheorghe I. Brătianu
572:Constitutional Front
420:subsequently led by
366:and at the start of
178:Gheorghe I. Brătianu
47:Gheorghe I. Brătianu
2499:Politics of Romania
2316:Ecological Movement
1564:League of Albanians
560:Chamber of Deputies
537:, Romania's rival.
323:government monopoly
299:economic liberalism
278:; it was primarily
236:Petre P. Panaitescu
136:Politics of Romania
103:Social conservatism
93:National liberalism
1841:Conservative Party
1638:Extraparliamentary
1614:Union of Croatians
1609:Union of Armenians
1589:Save Romania Union
1549:Force of the Right
949:or, occasionally,
941:, and the acronym
661:Siguranţa Statului
564:Alexandru Averescu
556:electoral alliance
434:Gheorghe Tătărescu
409:Gheorghe Mironescu
364:Ion I. C. Brătianu
317:. However, as the
2507:
2506:
2480:
2479:
2442:Red Quadrilateral
2245:Italian Community
2093:Ploughmen's Front
1886:Vlad Țepeș League
1574:Party of the Roma
1464:Political parties
1402:Francisco Veiga,
1397:Dosarele Istoriei
1375:Dosarele Istoriei
922:
921:
763:Electoral history
669:Northern Bukovina
605:and its leaders,
570:, it created the
543:1923 Constitution
515:Nicolae Titulescu
448:came to power in
440:Pro-German stance
380:Free Man Grouping
376:Jean Th. Florescu
309:businessmen, the
274:, and the lawyer
260:Alexandru Rosetti
246:, the geographer
240:Victor Papacostea
197:national liberals
154:
153:
141:Political parties
2572:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1476:
1475:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1382:
1343:
1331:
1306:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:Veiga, p.133-134
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1006:Scurtu, p.16, 17
1004:
998:
993:
987:
984:
975:
964:
958:
935:
914:
907:
884:
877:
854:
847:
824:
817:
772:
771:
726:Nicolae Mazarini
702:(who had become
681:Southern Dobruja
512:Foreign Minister
368:Vintilă Brătianu
327:financial market
319:Great Depression
252:Mihail Sadoveanu
248:Simion Mehedinți
228:Scarlat Lambrino
205:publishing house
172:; also known as
126:
79:Merged into
26:
25:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2489:Portal:Politics
2476:
2377:Alliance PSD+PC
2360:
2304:
2240:Hungarian Union
2183:Ethnic minority
2178:
2169:Romanian Action
2112:
2083:Peasants' Party
2028:Agrarian League
2016:
1997:Socialist Party
1890:
1824:
1773:
1732:
1729:
1719:
1680:Ecologist Party
1633:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1388:Magazin Istoric
1380:
1349:Magazin Istoric
1341:
1329:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1033:Gruber, Cap.III
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:G.M.Cantacuzino
994:
990:
985:
978:
965:
961:
936:
932:
927:
915:
912:
908:
905:
885:
882:
878:
875:
855:
852:
848:
845:
825:
822:
818:
815:
770:
765:
710:Mihai Antonescu
631:
552:
523:Greater Romania
460:(the historian
442:
400:(formed around
360:
355:
311:Romanianization
307:ethnic minority
295:interventionism
276:Mihai Antonescu
272:Artur Văitoianu
258:, the linguist
256:Mihail Codreanu
250:, the novelist
185:political party
150:
124:
101:
95:
69:Split from
64:10 January 1938
36:
35:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2578:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2174:Romanian Front
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:National Party
1751:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1624:Union of Serbs
1621:
1619:Union of Poles
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:S.O.S. Romania
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Hellenic Union
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1400:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1368:
1351:
1339:
1327:
1315:Viorel Achim,
1313:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1284:
1282:Gruber, Cap.IX
1275:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1083:
1074:
1062:
1060:Gruber, Cap.VI
1053:
1044:
1042:Gruber, Cap.IV
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
988:
986:Gruber, Cap.II
976:
959:
929:
928:
926:
923:
920:
919:
916:
911:
909:
904:
902:
899:
896:
890:
889:
886:
881:
879:
874:
872:
869:
866:
860:
859:
856:
851:
849:
844:
842:
839:
836:
830:
829:
826:
821:
819:
814:
812:
809:
806:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
781:
776:
769:
766:
764:
761:
749:anti-communist
630:
627:
576:Mihai Stelescu
568:People's Party
551:
548:
500:Little Entente
441:
438:
359:
356:
354:
351:
343:Romanian Front
293:and selective
264:Paul Negulescu
220:Ștefan Ciobanu
152:
151:
149:
148:
143:
138:
132:
129:
128:
122:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
90:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
44:
38:
37:
33:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2577:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Swabian Group
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1820:Radical Party
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:Parliamentary
1480:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1428:
1427:84-7488-497-7
1424:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:(in Romanian)
1379:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1366:973-9155-43-X
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:(in Romanian)
1340:
1338:
1336:
1330:(in Romanian)
1328:
1326:
1325:963-9241-84-9
1322:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:(in Romanian)
1303:
1302:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1238:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1024:Gruber, Cap.I
1021:
1012:
1003:
997:
992:
983:
981:
973:
969:
963:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
934:
930:
917:
910:
903:
900:
897:
895:
892:
891:
887:
880:
873:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
850:
843:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
827:
820:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
782:
780:
777:
774:
773:
760:
758:
754:
753:Sighet prison
750:
746:
743:as a sign of
742:
738:
733:
731:
730:Transnistrian
727:
723:
722:Romanian Army
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:
701:
700:Ion Antonescu
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
655:
651:
647:
646:
640:
636:
626:
624:
620:
616:
615:Dinu Brătianu
612:
608:
607:Octavian Goga
604:
601:
596:
591:
589:
585:
584:Grigore Forțu
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
547:
544:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:Joseph Stalin
516:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
475:
471:
467:
466:Octavian Goga
464:and the poet
463:
462:Nicolae Iorga
459:
458:intellectuals
455:
451:
447:
437:
435:
431:
430:authoritarian
427:
423:
418:
414:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:protectionism
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:Romanian Army
265:
262:, the jurist
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
213:Tudor Arghezi
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:faction, the
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
130:
123:
119:
116:
113:
111:
107:
104:
100:
99:
98:Laissez-faire
94:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
45:
43:
39:
27:
22:
2265:Magyar Party
2260:Jewish Party
2210:German Party
2124:Citizen Bloc
1829:Conservative
1804:
1715:Volt Romania
1695:Noua Dreaptă
1411:
1403:
1399:, 1/VI, 2001
1396:
1387:
1377:, 1/VI, 2001
1374:
1357:
1348:
1334:
1316:
1308:
1287:
1278:
1257:
1248:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1159:Gruber, p.VI
1155:
1146:
1137:
1116:
1107:
1102:Veiga, p.212
1098:
1093:Scurtu, p.16
1077:
1072:Scurtu, p.15
1056:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
995:
991:
971:
967:
962:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
796:
778:
734:
703:
693:
689:Germanophile
642:
635:World War II
632:
592:
588:Citizen Bloc
587:
571:
553:
539:
508:Soviet Union
481:
446:Adolf Hitler
444:In 1933, as
443:
388:
383:
379:
361:
341:proposed by
339:Jewish quota
335:anti-Semitic
288:
280:intellectual
217:
208:
200:
173:
169:
157:
155:
96:
56:15 June 1930
1922:Labor Party
1836:Civic Force
1737:Nationalist
1675:PRO Romania
1660:Green Party
1370:Petre Otu,
970:instead of
732:conquests.
422:Ion G. Duca
417:Iași County
303:nationalist
207:; notably,
2514:Categories
2134:Iron Guard
1420:Bellaterra
1337:(PDF file)
1299:References
705:Conducător
665:Bessarabia
611:A. C. Cuza
527:Bessarabia
477:Iron Guard
426:free trade
182:right-wing
115:Right-wing
2365:Alliances
2117:Far-right
1895:Left-wing
1408:Humanitas
775:Election
619:Ion I. C.
600:far right
586:'s minor
470:camarilla
358:Emergence
331:far right
325:over the
174:Georgiști
146:Elections
61:Dissolved
2472:USR PLUS
2021:Agrarian
1354:Z. Ornea
972:Gheorghe
947:Brătianu
906:16 / 414
898:119,361
876:10 / 387
868:147,665
846:14 / 387
838:195,048
816:12 / 387
808:173,586
797:Position
787:Assembly
714:Z. Ornea
685:Bulgaria
531:Bukovina
502:and the
413:Carol II
396:and the
345:and the
315:industry
270:general
209:Mișcarea
201:Mișcarea
180:) was a
162:Romanian
88:Ideology
21:Georgism
1778:Liberal
1730:Defunct
1468:Romania
913:0 / 113
883:0 / 108
853:0 / 108
823:0 / 108
745:fascist
673:cession
535:Hungary
496:British
474:fascist
454:fascism
450:Germany
428:and an
406:Premier
398:Regency
394:Mihai I
353:History
193:liberal
189:Romania
121:Colours
53:Founded
1425:
1364:
1323:
968:George
792:Senate
671:, the
629:Legacy
492:Franco
484:Berlin
284:elites
266:, the
242:, and
125:
42:Leader
2309:Other
1386:, in
1347:, in
925:Notes
779:Votes
127:Beige
1423:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1321:ISBN
918:6th
901:3.9
894:1937
888:4th
871:5.1
864:1933
858:3rd
841:6.7
834:1932
828:3rd
811:6.1
804:1931
667:and
650:Axis
609:and
529:and
488:Nazi
391:King
333:and
156:The
1466:in
943:PNL
683:to
675:of
643:se
578:'s
566:'s
386:).
378:'s
349:).
313:of
187:in
170:PNL
2516::
1418:,
1356:,
1266:^
1236:^
1125:^
1086:^
1065:^
979:^
783:%
759:.
479:.
436:.
238:,
234:,
230:,
226:,
222:,
215:.
168:,
164::
1456:e
1449:t
1442:v
1429:)
974:.
957:.
641:(
494:-
160:(
23:.
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