35:
247:, 24 N.Y.2d 627 (1969), the court of appeals explained that "The debates of the 1938 Convention indicate that the proliferation of public authorities after 1927 was the reason for the enactment of section 5 of article X.... Abbott Low Moffat, who supported this proposal, told the convention that its purpose was 'to require the Legislature to pass directly itself upon the establishment of each new authority, and to prevent the enactment of general laws pursuant to which a municipal corporation can itself create a corporation of the authority type
676:(EFC) provides low-cost capital, grants, and expert technical assistance for environmental projects in New York State. The EFC has issued more than $ 13 billion in both tax-exempt and taxable revenue bonds. In 2017, the EFC had operating expenses of $ 442.35 million, an outstanding debt of $ 5.917 billion, and 115 employees. The EFC's 2009-2010 budget was in excess of $ 500 million. The statutory basis for substantially all EFC activity stems from Title 12 of Article 5 of the NYS Public Authorities Law (also called the "EFC Act") in 1970.
2044:
3786:
115:, in their 2018 annual report, noted that there were 47 state authorities and 531 local authorities, including 109 IDAs and 292 not-for-profit corporations created locally, that they provided oversight for in New York State. According to this same ABO report, the operating expenses in 2017 for the 47 state authorities was $ 34.82 billion. Additionally, the 47 state authorities carried a total of $ 160.4 billion in outstanding debt.
204:, and various bridges and parkways. The public authority model allowed Moses to bypass many of the legal restrictions placed on state agencies, allowing him to expedite development but also allowing him to hide project financing, contracting and operational information from public scrutiny. Because of this, he has been criticized for wasteful spending, patronage, and refusing to consider public opposition to his projects.
329:, 77 N.Y.S.2d 545 (N.Y. Ct. Cl. 1948). However, public authority employees are covered by the ethics regulations included in section 74 of the Public Officers Law, and the Public Authorities Accountability Act of 2005 imposed additional ethics requirements on board members of some public authorities. Importantly, authority board members are now required to attend training sessions on ethics and governance issues.
255:
be established by specific state legislation. Additionally, many public authorities have the power to create subsidiary authorities without additional legislative authorization. An example is the Empire State
Development Corporation, which decided in 2007 to dissolve 13 subsidiaries and merge 25 others into a single holding company. ESDC still encompasses many subsidiary organizations.
208:
present, so far as
Commission staff has been able to determine, no one has even an approximate count of how many of these organizations exist, where they are, much less an accounting of what they do." By 2004, the Office of the State Comptroller had identified at least 640 state and local authorities. The current count stands at 1,098.
344:
Class B — according to the
Comptroller's office, these "ntities affiliated with a State agency, or entities created by the State that have limited jurisdiction but a majority of Board appointments made by the Governor or other State officials; entities that would not exist but for their relationship
309:
was created in 1976 to provide oversight for some of the state's most powerful authorities. Sections 50 and 51 of the Public
Authorities Law currently require 11 authorities to receive approval from the PACB prior to entering into contracts for project-related financing. There are five members on the
264:
the
Constitution prohibits the state from lending its credit to public authorities, it does allow the state to make gifts of money to authorities. As a practical result, this has resulted in some authorities receiving annual funding from the state on a consistent basis. The Court of Appeals stated in
230:
The Public
Authorities Accountability Act of 2005 created the Authority Budget Office in order "to provide the governor and the legislator with conclusions and opinions concerning the performance of public authorities and to study, review and report on the operations, practices and finances of public
1103:
has offered a comprehensive bill that incorporates some of the best ideas in other legislation circulating in Albany . It would also create a commission to assess whether all 640 authorities set up over the last 80 years still need to exist. The
Overcoat Protection Authority, for one, would seem to
263:
The 1938 Constitution "expressly empowered public authorities to contract debt independently of the State". Because of this, the Court of
Appeals has repeatedly affirmed that public authorities are distinct from the state and that the state carries no moral obligation to repay their debts. Although
254:
While major public authorities can only be created by special legislation, many local development corporations have been created under the general Not-For-Profit
Corporation Law. These LDCs function in much the same way as other public benefit corporations and public authorities, but do not need to
153:
were first enacted as a reaction to fiscal crises caused by the state's lending of its credit to "irresponsible" canal and railroad corporations in the early nineteenth century. The state was forced to assume these obligations, which amounted to more than three-fifths of the state's entire debt. In
207:
The 1938 constitutional amendments attempted to limit the proliferation of public authorities by specifying that they could be created only by special act of the state legislature. By 1956, 53 public authorities had been created. In 1990, the
Commission on Government Integrity concluded that "At
282:
Financing public projects through public authorities is also attractive because their independent corporate structure theoretically makes them more flexible and efficient than state agencies. Many restrictions placed on state agencies do not apply to public authorities, including, for example,
321:
Public benefit corporations and public authorities are controlled by boards of directors made up of political appointees. Board members have fixed terms and are, at least in theory, considered to be more independent of political influence than elected politicians and appointed agency heads.
157:
As early as 1851, the legislature began to search for ways to evade the constitutional debt limit in order to finance public works projects. Canal certificates, which would be repaid through canal revenues, and which by their terms were not state obligations, were nevertheless held to be
1135:
Most public authorities have the ability to borrow funds by issuing debt. Total public authority debt reached more than $ 120.4 billion in 2004, and continues to grow. $ 37 billion of this debt is State-supported, accounting for more than 90 percent of total outstanding State-supported
423:(LMDC) was formed after the September 11 attacks to plan the reconstruction of Lower Manhattan. It was founded by Governor George Pataki and then-Mayor Rudolph Giuliani. The LMDC is a joint State-City corporation governed by a 16-member Board of Directors, half appointed by the
640:; partners also include other public and private entities. The trust was established in 1968. In 2017, it had operating expenses of $ 1.54 million and a staff of 76 people. Its staffing compensation exceeded its operating expenses in 2017 by almost $ 1.5 million in the 2018
110:
The growing influence of public authorities over state and local financing, coupled with their ability to avoid regulations applicable to government agencies, has led to calls for reform. Some reforms were passed in the Public Authorities Accountability Act of 2005. The
268:, 84 N.Y.2d 231 (1994) that, if "modern ingenuity, even gimmickry, have in fact stretched the words of the Constitution beyond the point of prudence, that plea for reform in State borrowing practices and policy is appropriately directed to the public arena".
173:, 243 N.Y. 231, that the state could disclaim any moral obligation for public authority debts. However, amendments to the 1938 Constitution overruled this case and completely disclaimed the state's responsibility for any public authority debt.
627:
The Natural Heritage Trust supports natural resource conservation and historic preservation within New York State through the reception and administration of donations and grants. It partners with several state agencies, including the
393:
a New York State public benefit corporation whose mission is to plan, create, co-ordinate and maintain a balanced community of commercial, residential, retail, and park space within its designated 92-acre site on the southern tip of
2283:
162:, 7 N.Y. 9 (1852). The court held that the state had a moral obligation to repay the debts if canal revenues proved insufficient, and thus the certificates were deemed "an evasion if not a direct violation of the constitution".
98:
share characteristics with government agencies, but they are exempt from many state and local regulations. Of particular importance, they can issue their own debt, allowing them to bypass limits on state debt contained in the
850:. It is also involved with the development and maintenance of the New York State Canalway Trail and with the general development and promotion of the Erie Canal Corridor as both a tourist attraction and a working waterway.
673:
540:
The Overcoat Development Corporation was founded in the 1980s in an attempt to convince a men's outerwear company to relocate to New York from Indiana by offering a favorable lease on a building in
1123:
Out of 643 state and local authorities in New York, only 11 need approval by the Public Authorities Control Board before selling bonds. The comptroller's office gets financial reports from just 53.
2474:
2346:
629:
107:
or its municipalities on the line. As a result, public authorities have become widely used for financing public works, and they are now responsible for more than 90% of the state's debt.
411:(LILCO)'s assets and securities. A second Long Island Power Authority (LIPA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the first, acquired LILCO's transmission and distribution system in June 1998.
2293:
2669:
2155:
834:
is a subsidiary of the New York Power Authority (it was a subsidiary of the Thruway Authority before 2017). It is responsible for the oversight, administration and maintenance of the
313:
Public authorities are currently responsible for more than 90% of the state's debt and 80% of the state's infrastructure, leading some to refer to them as the "shadow government".
94:
and authorities operate like quasi-private corporations, with boards of directors appointed by elected officials, overseeing both publicly operated and privately operated systems.
2659:
2399:
585:
607:(DASNY) provides construction, financing, and allied services that serve the public good, to benefit specifically universities, health care facilities, and court facilities.
17:
1407:
1087:
Some of these corporations, particularly the "authorities", are criticized as being wasteful or overly secretive. There were more than 640 as of 2004 according to a
3824:
3689:
2449:
2339:
496:
2170:
633:
971:
Class C public authorities have local jurisdiction and very few are of significance outside of economic development within towns, villages, and small cities.
184:, which allowed him to earmark revenues from tolls on the bridge for other projects in New York City and around the state. He also served as president of the
3051:
2185:
1535:
732:
manages most public transportation in four Central New York counties - Onondaga, Oneida, Oswego and Cayuga. This includes bus service serving the cities of
2140:
1502:
154:
1846, a referendum requirement was added to the state constitution, prohibiting the state from contracting long term debt without approval by the voters.
3061:
2679:
2332:
859:
362:
2569:
729:
196:(1954–1962). Moses, through his control of these authorities, was able to build some of New York's most important public works projects, including the
2232:
2160:
2116:
2023:
1669:"Agriculture and New York State Horse Breeding Development Fund - Internal Controls Over Financial Operations [Issued 2/15/05] [NY]"
619:, also known as the Urban Development Corporation, maintains various programs and subsidiaries to encourage economic development in New York State.
3013:
2594:
2429:
1315:
1112:
was speaking of is the Overcoat Development Corporation, which was designed to lure a clothing manufacturer to New York from Indiana in the 1980s.
515:. It today operates all intrastate toll bridges and tunnels in New York City, and is now a subsidiary of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
227:. New York has hundreds of lesser-known public benefit corporations, including industrial development agencies and local development corporations.
169:, as a new vehicle for financing public projects while insulating the state from long term debt obligations. In 1926, the Court of Appeals held in
2381:
2313:
2192:
306:
2898:
2699:
2180:
2145:
525:
325:
Board members and employees of public authorities usually are not considered to be state employees, but are rather employees of the authority.
298:, 44 N.Y.2d 84 (1978). Many public authorities, such as industrial development agencies and the Empire State Development Corporation, can also
2794:
2288:
1603:
3699:
3056:
3036:
2804:
2499:
2484:
2404:
2018:
1998:
1838:
604:
1382:
2773:
2237:
2222:
2217:
2212:
1865:
980:
294:, and because of public authorities' corporate status, there is generally, no remedy against the state for the breach of such contracts.
103:. This allows public authorities to make potentially risky capital and infrastructure investments without directly putting the credit of
2857:
2574:
2150:
1560:
1438:
1206:
2809:
2654:
2599:
2564:
2263:
2068:
1962:
1027:
696:, and Rensselaer counties plus part of Saratoga). The function of CDTA is to operate public transportation as well as to operate the
685:
576:
Some of the public benefit corporations outside of New York City's metropolitan area, or serving the entire state, are listed below.
386:
212:
3088:
2689:
2509:
2369:
1147:
906:
641:
112:
544:. This company closed down, but the Overcoat Development Corporation continues to exist to service the long-term lease it signed.
2609:
1108:
The Overcoat Protection Authority actually is not the correct name of the entity in question. The correct name of the entity the
1024:. The Board of Commissioners has eight members, four appointed by the Ontario Premier and four by the Governor of New York State.
420:
3639:
2694:
2684:
2664:
2377:
2303:
2028:
1993:
1925:
918:
800:
553:
504:
407:
or LIPA , a municipal subdivision of the State of New York, was created under the Long Island Power Act of 1985 to acquire the
3814:
3041:
2614:
2469:
2464:
2434:
2414:
2109:
443:
220:
2768:
1353:
1175:
803:
was designed to administer and manage the Whiteface Mountain Ski Center and the other Winter Olympic venues used during the
3819:
2988:
2903:
2459:
2424:
2409:
2298:
2063:
2033:
1039:
224:
95:
1414:
688:(CDTA) is a public benefit organization which provides transportation services to the Capital District of New York State (
2968:
2258:
2197:
2175:
2165:
2554:
3767:
3008:
2913:
2504:
2227:
2202:
1073:
1051:
637:
2494:
2253:
1795:
231:
authorities...." The ABO is intended to promote transparency and accountability and to improve authority governance.
78:
56:
49:
3757:
2923:
2908:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2527:
2444:
2308:
2207:
2102:
938:
831:
653:
529:
243:, Art. X, sec. 5, provides that public benefit corporations may only be created by special act of the legislature.
283:
general public bidding requirements (some public bidding requirements do apply under the Public Authorities Law).
2963:
2799:
2649:
2083:
1988:
1539:
1017:
784:
374:
1748:
3732:
3073:
3003:
2948:
2850:
2125:
2003:
3809:
3569:
3176:
3068:
2938:
2933:
2722:
1955:
1510:
1326:
3694:
3651:
3579:
3362:
3334:
3023:
2993:
2983:
2008:
1629:
1047:
408:
771:
Centro Parking (operates two state-owned parking garages and various surface lots in the city of Syracuse)
351:
Class D — these authorities and public benefit corporations have interstate or international jurisdiction.
3709:
3634:
3554:
3482:
3467:
3372:
2953:
2928:
2890:
2747:
2604:
1153:
1058:
960:
835:
459:
404:
337:
The New York State Comptroller's Office lists four types of public benefit corporations and authorities:
240:
181:
100:
528:
was founded in 1966 as the New York City Public Development Corporation. It is New York City's official
3679:
3671:
3584:
3452:
3236:
3141:
3131:
3106:
2998:
2704:
2584:
2373:
2073:
2013:
1731:
1714:
1254:
1237:
1220:
942:
934:
451:
201:
166:
991:
Class D public authorities have interstate and international jurisdiction. This is the complete list.
3747:
3684:
3619:
3609:
3589:
3574:
3564:
3514:
3447:
3442:
3422:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3382:
3347:
2973:
2918:
2843:
1889:(Johnson, Mark. "Hevesi proposes reforms for state authorities," Associated Press, February 24, 2004)
142:
1299:
3656:
3604:
3599:
3529:
3519:
3504:
3472:
3432:
3387:
3377:
3275:
3171:
3046:
2958:
2549:
2489:
2058:
1948:
819:
768:
Call-A-Bus Paratransit Services (operates demand-responsive paratransit service in Onondaga County)
616:
341:
Class A — these authorities and public benefit corporations have regional or statewide significance
193:
43:
3790:
3629:
3624:
3594:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3524:
3509:
3494:
3477:
3437:
3427:
3367:
3357:
3342:
3266:
3116:
3078:
2439:
1386:
511:, it had performed, as an independent entity, the collection of tolls and the maintenance of the
2559:
592:
interests in New York State and provides education concerning certain agricultural development.
3661:
3646:
3614:
3487:
3462:
3417:
2742:
2479:
1668:
995:
657:
428:
197:
185:
60:
1869:
3412:
3280:
3248:
2579:
2324:
2078:
804:
463:
447:
368:
983:'s mission is to design and construct public schools for children throughout New York City.
211:
Some of the most well known major public benefit corporations in New York State include the
3737:
3257:
3161:
3096:
3031:
2943:
1983:
1476:
1150:
are considered municipal corporations. This includes counties, towns, villages, and cities.
807:
467:
455:
424:
8:
3324:
3305:
3290:
3181:
2043:
1064:
661:
541:
434:
The development corporation is a subsidiary of the Empire State Development Corporation.
189:
124:
2094:
145:
provided a thorough history of state laws regarding public authorities in the 1994 case
3742:
3310:
3295:
3111:
1843:
1623:
1007:
733:
216:
180:
in the 1930s and 40s. Much of Moses' power base resulted from his tight control of the
3752:
3262:
3101:
2589:
1554:
1452:
1432:
1200:
1003:
700:
stations in the service area (Albany-Rennselaer, Schenectady, and Saratoga Springs).
512:
288:
Plumbing, Heating, Piping & Air Conditioning Contr. Ass'n v. N.Y.S. Thruway Auth.
1940:
1900:"Office of the New York State Comptroller - Thomas P. DiNapoli - Public Authorities"
774:
ITC, Inc. (operates the William F. Walsh Regional Transportation Center in Syracuse)
3285:
3271:
3244:
3226:
3221:
3211:
3186:
3166:
3146:
3126:
3121:
2880:
2870:
1930:
1116:
1115:
Lack of oversight is a major concern with New York's authorities. According to the
1031:
749:
745:
557:
1276:
3727:
3315:
2639:
1749:"N.Y. Power Authority to Assume Ownership of Canal Corporation on New Year's Day"
1361:
1182:
954:
847:
737:
693:
579:
310:
PACB board, all of whom are appointed by the governor and serve year-long terms.
571:
3762:
3722:
3319:
3252:
2674:
1899:
1089:
922:
741:
299:
104:
1692:
1574:
3803:
3559:
3300:
3196:
3151:
2644:
1043:
1021:
176:
The widespread use of public authorities in New York State was pioneered by
3772:
3136:
2978:
2640:
Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Performing Arts Center Corporation
999:
843:
788:
508:
177:
1799:
369:
Class A public benefit corporations in the New York City Metropolitan Area
3206:
3191:
3156:
1128:
1100:
1038:; owns bridge and tunnel connections between the two states south of the
165:
In 1921, the legislature chartered the first state public authority, the
135:
1127:
In 2004, the New York State Comptroller's Office, headed at the time by
3201:
2866:
2454:
2419:
1770:
1035:
839:
689:
561:
150:
131:
1453:"Office of the New York State Comptroller - Thomas P. DiNapoli - Home"
1131:, became concerned about the debt public authorities were generating:
1096:. Some attempts at reform have been made. According to the editorial:
853:
667:
3499:
3352:
2475:
New York State Thoroughbred Breeding and Development Fund Corporation
1093:
933:
There are public benefit corporations that oversee the operations of
723:
565:
355:
291:
2835:
1030:— bi-state agency regulates interstate commerce around the ports of
1020:— international public authority controlling various bridges in the
974:
630:
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
3457:
3216:
1040:
Gov. Mario Cuomo Bridge (formerly known as the Tappan Zee Bridge)
1011:
519:
128:
2460:
New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation
2400:
Agriculture & New York State Horse Breeding Development Fund
3717:
3549:
697:
598:
589:
2354:
1926:
NYS Office of the State Comptroller list of Public Authorities
586:
Agriculture and New York State Horse Breeding Development Fund
580:
Agriculture and New York State Horse Breeding Development Fund
373:
Below are some of the authorities operating in and around the
123:
Public benefit corporations in New York State have origins in
1813:
1695:. NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation
1604:"About New York; The Cold Facts Of Officialdom, Albany-Style"
1255:"ABO's Annual Report on Public Authorities in New York State"
1238:"ABO's Annual Report on Public Authorities in New York State"
1221:"ABO's Annual Report on Public Authorities in New York State"
595:
A 2004 audit of the fund found problems with its management.
572:
Class A public benefit corporations in Greater New York State
290:, 5 N.Y.2d 420 (1959). Most public authorities may also make
1503:"New York's 'shadow government' debt rises to $ 140 billion"
900:
679:
1070:
Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation Transitcenter, Inc.
1057:
New York and New Jersey Railroad Corporation (operates the
2450:
New York State Energy Research & Development Authority
1935:
945:
in Valhalla (Westchester County Health Care Corporation).
414:
348:
Class C — these public authorities have local application.
2124:
912:
794:
547:
497:
Manhattan & Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority
1931:
NYS Authorities Budget Office list of Public Authorities
437:
2823:(local jurisdiction: towns, villages, and small cities)
2284:
Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment
905:
The Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation operates
634:
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
389:, according to its official website, the authority is:
1277:"Robert L. Schulz, Et Al. V. State Of New York, Et Al"
2625:
Municipal Assistance Corporation for the City of Troy
1970:
1643:
941:
in East Meadow (Nassau Health Care Corporation), and
937:
in Buffalo (Erie County Medical Center Corporation),
296:
John Grace & Co. v. State University Constr. Fund
363:
a list of New York State public-benefit corporations
2680:
Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority
2620:
Municipal Assistance Corporation for the City of NY
2455:
New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation
1067:
and Communications Center Urban Renewal Corporation
860:
Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority
854:
Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority
825:
674:
New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation
668:
New York State Environmental Facilities Corporation
647:
535:
2570:Central New York Regional Transportation Authority
2246:
1530:
1528:
869:Genesee Transportation Service Council Staff, Inc.
778:
752:. The CNYRTA includes the following subsidiaries:
730:Central New York Regional Transportation Authority
724:Central New York Regional Transportation Authority
356:List of New York state public-benefit corporations
975:New York City School Construction Authority (SCA)
3801:
2645:New York Convention Center Operating Corporation
2430:New York Local Government Assistance Corporation
998:— an international authority that maintains the
822:provides electricity throughout New York State.
234:
188:Parkway Authority (1933–1963), president of the
3825:Public benefit corporations in New York (state)
2382:New York State Public Authorities Control Board
1525:
1348:
1346:
501:Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority
307:New York State Public Authorities Control Board
149:, 84 N.Y.2d 231. As the court explained, state
1597:
1595:
862:consists of numerous subsidiaries, including:
526:New York City Economic Development Corporation
520:New York City Economic Development Corporation
398:
380:
332:
316:
2851:
2795:Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority
2470:New York State Housing Trust Fund Corporation
2435:New York State Affordable Housing Corporation
2415:Homeless Housing & Assistance Corporation
2340:
2110:
1956:
996:Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority
986:
966:
948:
480:First Mutual Transportation Assurance Company
473:The MTA includes the following subsidiaries:
258:
2595:Hudson River–Black River Regulating District
2528:New York State Theatre Institute Corporation
2500:State of New York Municipal Bond Bank Agency
2485:New York State Urban Development Corporation
2405:Dormitory Authority of the State of New York
1343:
925:with its real estate and development needs.
875:Livingston Area Transportation Service, Inc.
605:Dormitory Authority of the State of New York
599:Dormitory Authority of the State of New York
2774:New York City School Construction Authority
1592:
981:New York City School Construction Authority
813:
610:
192:Authority (1933–1963), and chairman of the
2858:
2844:
2705:Westchester County Health Care Corporation
2575:Development Authority of the North Country
2356:New York state public-benefit corporations
2347:
2333:
2117:
2103:
1963:
1949:
1866:"Office of the New York State Comptroller"
1814:"PATH - The Port Authority of NY & NJ"
1500:
1271:
1269:
1267:
215:(actually a bi-state authority created by
92:New York state public-benefit corporations
18:New York State public-benefit corporations
2810:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
2690:Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation
2655:Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority
2600:Hugh L. Carey Battery Park City Authority
2565:Capital District Transportation Authority
2440:New York State Archives Partnership Trust
1028:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
901:Roswell Park Cancer Institute Corporation
716:Capital District Transit System, Number 2
713:Capital District Transit System, Number 1
686:Capital District Transportation Authority
680:Capital District Transportation Authority
622:
387:Hugh L. Carey Battery Park City Authority
213:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
2510:Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation
2490:Power Authority of the State of New York
2370:New York State Authorities Budget Office
1737:. November 5, 2018. pp. 16, 29, 44.
1644:"Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation"
1354:"New York's Public Authorities by Class"
1323:Office of the New York State Comptroller
907:Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
642:New York State Authorities Budget Office
113:New York State Authorities Budget Office
42:This article includes a list of general
2630:Nassau County Interim Finance Authority
2610:Lower Manhattan Development Corporation
2024:Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals
1264:
1054:; includes the following subsidiaries:
893:Wayne Area Transportation Service, Inc.
421:Lower Manhattan Development Corporation
415:Lower Manhattan Development Corporation
14:
3802:
2713:
2695:United Nations Development Corporation
2685:Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation
2665:Olympic Regional Development Authority
2585:Erie County Medical Center Corporation
2580:Erie County Fiscal Stability Authority
2518:
2378:New York State Financial Control Board
2309:New York State Law Revision Commission
2304:New York State Financial Control Board
1559:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1437:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1205:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
919:United Nations Development Corporation
913:United Nations Development Corporation
887:RGRTA Maritime Development Corporation
801:Olympic Regional Development Authority
795:Olympic Regional Development Authority
787:owns and operates five bridges on the
554:Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation
548:Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation
505:Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority
495:New York City Transit Authority &
492:Metro-North Commuter Rail Road Company
2865:
2839:
2700:Utility Debt Securitization Authority
2615:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
2465:New York State Housing Finance Agency
2328:
2156:Corrections and Community Supervision
2098:
1944:
1936:NYS Authorities Budget Office website
1601:
1501:Associated, The (September 3, 2009).
1170:
1168:
703:It includes the following subsidies:
444:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
438:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
221:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
96:Public-benefit nonprofit corporations
2805:Ogdensburg Bridge and Port Authority
2410:Empire State Development Corporation
2299:Legislative Bill Drafting Commission
1720:. November 5, 2018. pp. 16, 44.
896:Wyoming Transportation Service, Inc.
225:Empire State Development Corporation
28:
2019:Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals
1685:
171:Williamsburgh Savings Bank v. State
24:
3768:New York in the American Civil War
2560:Buffalo Fiscal Stability Authority
2550:Albany Convention Center Authority
2505:State University Construction Fund
2425:New York Job Development Authority
1165:
638:New York State Department of State
48:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3836:
2495:State of New York Mortgage Agency
2294:Joint Commission on Public Ethics
1999:Temporary President of the Senate
1971:Officers in the State of New York
1919:
878:Orleans Area Transit System, Inc.
3784:
3758:New York and New Jersey campaign
2670:Overcoat Development Corporation
2480:New York State Thruway Authority
2445:New York State Canal Corporation
2314:Public Authorities Control Board
2042:
939:Nassau University Medical Center
832:New York State Canal Corporation
826:New York State Canal Corporation
654:New York State Thruway Authority
648:New York State Thruway Authority
556:'s responsibility is to develop
536:Overcoat Development Corporation
530:economic development corporation
486:MTA Capital Program Review Board
483:MTA Capital Construction Company
33:
2800:Niagara Falls Bridge Commission
2650:New York State Bridge Authority
2555:Albany Port District Commission
1892:
1883:
1858:
1831:
1806:
1788:
1763:
1741:
1724:
1707:
1661:
1636:
1567:
1494:
1469:
1445:
1400:
1018:Niagara Falls Bridge Commission
785:New York State Bridge Authority
779:New York State Bridge Authority
710:Capital District Transit System
564:that is part of the borough of
560:, a small strip of land in the
375:New York City metropolitan area
138:law may explain their origins.
3733:History of slavery in New York
2828:(interstate and international)
2635:Nassau Health Care Corporation
2289:Commission on Judicial Conduct
2069:Superintendent of Public Works
1375:
1308:
1293:
1260:. July 1, 2018. p. 26,28.
1247:
1230:
1213:
1082:
890:Seneca Transport Systems, Inc.
361:For a more complete list, see
13:
1:
2660:North Country Power Authority
2029:Clerk of the Court of Appeals
1602:Barry, Dan (March 20, 2004).
1159:
928:
881:Regional Transit System, Inc.
507:— famously once a fiefdom of
489:Long Island Rail Road Company
235:Incorporation and dissolution
3815:Politics of New York (state)
2769:Green Island Power Authority
2723:Industrial Exhibit Authority
2186:Children and Family Services
1048:Newark International Airport
409:Long Island Lighting Company
7:
3820:Public benefit corporations
3791:New York (state) portal
2748:New York Racing Association
2605:Long Island Power Authority
2034:Clerk of the State Assembly
1796:"Adirondack Park Institute"
1243:. July 1, 2018. p. 16.
1154:List of New York City lists
1140:
1059:Port Authority Trans-Hudson
961:New York Racing Association
921:was designed to assist the
836:New York State Canal System
460:MTA Regional Bus Operations
405:Long Island Power Authority
399:Long Island Power Authority
381:Battery Park City Authority
333:Types of public authorities
317:Public authority governance
241:New York State Constitution
182:Triborough Bridge Authority
101:New York State Constitution
10:
3841:
2374:New York State Comptroller
2171:Environmental Conservation
2084:Inspector of State Prisons
1383:"Empire State Development"
1358:New York State Comptroller
1325:. Feb 2004. Archived from
1226:. July 1, 2018. p. 2.
987:Class D public authorities
967:Class C public authorities
949:Class B public authorities
943:Westchester Medical Center
935:Erie County Medical Center
452:New York metropolitan area
259:Public authority financing
202:Brooklyn-Queens Expressway
167:Port of New York Authority
118:
3781:
3748:Invasion of Canada (1775)
3708:
3670:
3333:
3235:
3087:
3022:
2889:
2877:
2818:
2782:
2756:
2735:
2540:
2390:
2362:
2276:
2133:
2126:New York state government
2051:
2040:
1976:
1316:"Public Authority Reform"
1061:commuter railroad system)
866:Batavia Bus Service, Inc.
143:New York Court of Appeals
3700:Census-designated places
3037:Administrative divisions
2675:Port of Oswego Authority
1839:"Everybody Wants Reform"
1693:"Natural Heritage Trust"
1628:: CS1 maint: location (
884:Renaissance Square Corp.
838:, which consists of the
820:New York Power Authority
814:New York Power Authority
617:Empire State Development
611:Empire State Development
462:systems, as well as the
279:, 42 N.Y.2d 300 (1977).
275:, 39 N.Y.2d 136 (1976);
194:New York Power Authority
127:. A shared tradition of
3042:Congressional districts
2590:Hudson River Park Trust
2420:National Heritage Trust
2141:Agriculture and Markets
1994:Speaker of the Assembly
1771:"New York State Canals"
842:, Cayuga-Seneca Canal,
707:Access Transit Services
664:within New York State.
662:limited-access highways
63:more precise citations.
2743:Adirondack Park Agency
1148:political subdivisions
1138:
1125:
1106:
909:in Buffalo, New York.
658:New York State Thruway
623:Natural Heritage Trust
477:Excess Loss Trust Fund
429:Mayor of New York City
396:
198:Cross Bronx Expressway
1513:on September 10, 2012
1477:"Nys Dob: About Pacb"
1133:
1121:
1098:
719:CTDA Facilities, Inc.
464:Long Island Rail Road
448:public transportation
391:
245:In City of Rye v. MTA
125:mercantile capitalism
3810:New York (state) law
3738:Province of New York
3097:Adirondack Mountains
2233:Taxation and Finance
2161:Economic Development
1751:. NY Power Authority
1732:"NYSABO 2018 Report"
1715:"NYSABO 2018 Report"
808:1980 Winter Olympics
468:Metro-North Railroad
456:New York City Subway
425:Governor of New York
158:unconstitutional in
3690:Indian reservations
3182:St. Lawrence Seaway
3014:Tourist attractions
2247:Defunct departments
1989:Lieutenant Governor
1610:. Section B, Page 1
542:Amsterdam, New York
454:(this includes the
190:Bethpage State Park
3743:Stamp Act Congress
3112:Catskill Mountains
2193:Financial Services
2079:Canal Commissioner
2004:Secretary of State
1847:. 28 February 2004
1844:The New York Times
1608:The New York Times
1052:World Trade Center
217:interstate compact
3797:
3796:
3753:Saratoga campaign
3102:Allegheny Plateau
2833:
2832:
2788:
2762:
2731:
2730:
2536:
2535:
2322:
2321:
2272:
2271:
2181:Family Assistance
2146:Audit and Control
2092:
2091:
2014:State Comptroller
1303:, 7 N.Y. 9 (1852)
1104:have had its day.
1004:Buffalo, New York
513:Triborough Bridge
385:Fully titled the
89:
88:
81:
16:(Redirected from
3832:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3212:Thousand Islands
3177:Ridge and Valley
3167:Niagara Frontier
3147:Hudson Highlands
3142:Holland Purchase
3127:Champlain Valley
3122:Central New York
3107:Capital District
2860:
2853:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2784:
2758:
2711:
2710:
2516:
2515:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2277:Non-departmental
2244:
2243:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2046:
2009:Attorney General
1965:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1868:. Archived from
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1798:. Archived from
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1538:. Archived from
1532:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1509:. Archived from
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1413:. Archived from
1412:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1385:. Archived from
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1360:. Archived from
1350:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1320:
1312:
1306:
1301:Newell v. People
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1273:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1181:. Archived from
1180:
1172:
1117:Associated Press
1046:'s airports and
765:Centro of Oneida
762:Centro of Oswego
759:Centro of Cayuga
756:CNY Centro, Inc.
558:Roosevelt Island
427:and half by the
345:with the State".
250:
160:Newell v. People
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
59:this article by
50:inline citations
37:
36:
29:
21:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3728:Rensselaerswyck
3704:
3666:
3329:
3231:
3083:
3062:Representatives
3018:
2885:
2873:
2864:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2814:
2778:
2752:
2727:
2709:
2542:
2532:
2514:
2392:
2386:
2358:
2353:
2323:
2318:
2268:
2242:
2129:
2123:
2093:
2088:
2059:State Treasurer
2052:Defunct offices
2047:
2038:
1977:Current offices
1972:
1969:
1922:
1917:
1908:
1906:
1904:Osc.state.ny.us
1898:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1823:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1675:
1673:Osc.state.ny.us
1667:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1600:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1536:"Archived copy"
1534:
1533:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1457:Osc.state.ny.us
1451:
1450:
1446:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1408:"Archived copy"
1406:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1281:Law.cornell.edu
1275:
1274:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1176:"Archived copy"
1174:
1173:
1166:
1162:
1143:
1085:
989:
977:
969:
955:Adirondack Park
951:
931:
915:
903:
872:Lift Line, Inc.
856:
848:Champlain Canal
828:
816:
797:
781:
726:
682:
670:
650:
625:
613:
601:
582:
574:
550:
538:
522:
440:
417:
401:
383:
371:
358:
335:
327:Ciulla v. State
319:
266:Schulz v. State
261:
248:
237:
147:Schulz v. State
121:
85:
74:
68:
65:
55:Please help to
54:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3838:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3795:
3794:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:State cessions
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3723:New Netherland
3720:
3714:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Saint Lawrence
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3255:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3132:Tri-State area
3129:
3124:
3119:
3117:Central Region
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3009:Transportation
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:Climate change
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2238:Transportation
2235:
2230:
2225:
2223:Public Service
2220:
2218:Motor Vehicles
2215:
2213:Mental Hygiene
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2064:State Engineer
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1920:External links
1918:
1916:
1915:
1891:
1882:
1857:
1830:
1805:
1802:on 2005-12-25.
1787:
1762:
1740:
1723:
1706:
1684:
1660:
1635:
1591:
1566:
1524:
1493:
1468:
1444:
1399:
1374:
1342:
1307:
1292:
1263:
1246:
1229:
1212:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1142:
1139:
1090:New York Times
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1025:
1015:
988:
985:
976:
973:
968:
965:
964:
963:
958:
950:
947:
930:
927:
923:United Nations
914:
911:
902:
899:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
855:
852:
827:
824:
815:
812:
796:
793:
780:
777:
776:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
725:
722:
721:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
681:
678:
669:
666:
660:, a system of
656:maintains the
649:
646:
624:
621:
612:
609:
600:
597:
581:
578:
573:
570:
549:
546:
537:
534:
521:
518:
517:
516:
502:
499:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
439:
436:
416:
413:
400:
397:
382:
379:
370:
367:
357:
354:
353:
352:
349:
346:
342:
334:
331:
318:
315:
277:Wein v. Levitt
260:
257:
236:
233:
120:
117:
105:New York State
87:
86:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3837:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3792:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:New York City
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:Niagara Falls
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3197:Southern Tier
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:North Country
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3162:Mohawk Valley
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Hudson Valley
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Civil Service
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1872:on 2006-05-21
1871:
1867:
1861:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1776:
1775:Canals.ny.gov
1772:
1766:
1750:
1744:
1733:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1694:
1688:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1562:
1556:
1542:on 2011-07-27
1541:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1482:
1481:Budget.ny.gov
1478:
1472:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1420:on 2011-07-16
1416:
1409:
1403:
1389:on 2011-07-19
1388:
1384:
1378:
1364:on 2005-12-06
1363:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1332:on 2011-08-23
1328:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1256:
1250:
1239:
1233:
1222:
1216:
1208:
1202:
1188:on 2012-12-24
1184:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1044:New York City
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:Niagara Falls
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:link between
1001:
997:
994:
993:
992:
984:
982:
972:
962:
959:
956:
953:
952:
946:
944:
940:
936:
926:
924:
920:
910:
908:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
864:
863:
861:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
823:
821:
811:
809:
806:
802:
792:
790:
786:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
754:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
705:
704:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
677:
675:
665:
663:
659:
655:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
620:
618:
608:
606:
596:
593:
591:
587:
577:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
545:
543:
533:
531:
527:
514:
510:
506:
503:
500:
498:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
435:
432:
430:
426:
422:
412:
410:
406:
395:
390:
388:
378:
376:
366:
365:
364:
350:
347:
343:
340:
339:
338:
330:
328:
323:
314:
311:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
280:
278:
274:
273:Wein v. State
271:
267:
256:
252:
246:
242:
232:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
163:
161:
155:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
130:
126:
116:
114:
108:
106:
102:
97:
93:
83:
80:
72:
69:December 2016
62:
58:
52:
51:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
3773:9/11 attacks
3137:Finger Lakes
3047:Constitution
2959:Homelessness
2924:Demographics
2909:Bibliography
2879:
2825:
2820:
2785:
2759:
2714:
2519:
2355:
2264:Public Works
1907:. Retrieved
1903:
1894:
1885:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:the original
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1842:
1833:
1822:. Retrieved
1820:. 2013-03-03
1817:
1808:
1800:the original
1790:
1779:. Retrieved
1777:. 2014-11-07
1774:
1765:
1755:February 18,
1753:. Retrieved
1743:
1726:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1687:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1652:. Retrieved
1650:. 2014-11-07
1647:
1638:
1612:. Retrieved
1607:
1582:. Retrieved
1578:
1569:
1544:. Retrieved
1540:the original
1515:. Retrieved
1511:the original
1507:syracuse.com
1506:
1496:
1485:. Retrieved
1483:. 2014-11-07
1480:
1471:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:
1447:
1422:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1402:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:the original
1377:
1366:. Retrieved
1362:the original
1357:
1334:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1322:
1310:
1300:
1295:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:
1249:
1232:
1215:
1190:. Retrieved
1183:the original
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1099:
1088:
1086:
1065:Newark Legal
1050:; built the
1042:; maintains
1000:Peace Bridge
990:
978:
970:
932:
916:
904:
857:
844:Oswego Canal
829:
817:
798:
789:Hudson River
782:
727:
702:
683:
671:
651:
626:
614:
602:
594:
583:
575:
551:
539:
523:
509:Robert Moses
472:
441:
433:
418:
402:
392:
384:
372:
360:
359:
336:
326:
324:
320:
312:
304:
295:
287:
284:
281:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
253:
244:
238:
229:
210:
206:
178:Robert Moses
175:
170:
164:
159:
156:
146:
140:
122:
109:
91:
90:
75:
66:
47:
26:
3652:Westchester
3580:Schenectady
3363:Cattaraugus
3281:Glens Falls
3249:Schenectady
3237:Metro areas
3207:Tech Valley
3192:Ski country
3187:Shawangunks
3157:Long Island
3052:Delegations
2964:LGBT rights
2134:Departments
2128:departments
1699:December 2,
1648:Rioc.ny.gov
1146:New York's
1129:Alan Hevesi
1083:Controversy
805:Lake Placid
694:Schenectady
186:Jones Beach
151:debt limits
61:introducing
3804:Categories
3635:Washington
3555:Rensselaer
3483:Montgomery
3468:Livingston
3373:Chautauqua
3258:Binghamton
3202:Southtowns
3074:Government
2949:Healthcare
2074:Chancellor
1909:2016-11-29
1876:2005-11-22
1851:2016-11-29
1824:2016-11-29
1818:Panynj.gov
1781:2016-11-29
1678:2016-11-29
1654:2016-11-29
1546:2009-12-02
1487:2016-11-29
1462:2016-11-29
1424:2009-12-02
1393:2009-12-02
1368:2005-12-09
1336:2009-11-24
1286:2016-11-29
1192:2012-07-24
1160:References
1076:Retail LLC
1036:New Jersey
929:Healthcare
840:Erie Canal
636:, and the
562:East River
394:Manhattan.
302:property.
223:, and the
132:common law
44:references
3640:Charlotte
3585:Schoharie
3453:Jefferson
3325:Watertown
3306:Rochester
3291:Jamestown
3069:Elections
2939:Geography
2934:Education
2884:(capital)
2393:Statewide
2363:Oversight
2259:Insurance
2176:Executive
2166:Education
1624:cite news
1575:"History"
1094:editorial
1008:Fort Erie
957:Institute
566:Manhattan
292:contracts
3695:Villages
3620:Tompkins
3610:Sullivan
3590:Schuyler
3575:Saratoga
3565:Rockland
3560:Richmond
3515:Onondaga
3500:New York
3448:Herkimer
3443:Hamilton
3423:Franklin
3408:Dutchess
3403:Delaware
3398:Cortland
3393:Columbia
3383:Chenango
3348:Allegany
3335:Counties
3311:Syracuse
3296:Kingston
3217:Tug Hill
3057:Senators
3032:Abortion
3024:Politics
2994:Politics
2979:Nickname
2944:Gun laws
2904:Airports
2871:New York
2543:Regional
1984:Governor
1584:July 22,
1555:cite web
1517:July 22,
1433:cite web
1201:cite web
1141:See also
1032:New York
734:Syracuse
644:report.
466:and the
446:manages
270:See also
3710:History
3657:Wyoming
3605:Suffolk
3600:Steuben
3530:Orleans
3520:Ontario
3505:Niagara
3473:Madison
3433:Genesee
3388:Clinton
3378:Chemung
3276:Corning
3263:Buffalo
3227:Western
3222:Upstate
3089:Regions
3004:Symbols
2969:Museums
2954:History
2929:Economy
2783:Class D
2757:Class C
2736:Class B
2715:Defunct
2541:Class A
2520:Defunct
2391:Class A
2254:Banking
1012:Ontario
588:serves
450:in the
300:condemn
219:), the
129:English
119:Origins
57:improve
3718:Lenape
3680:Cities
3672:Places
3630:Warren
3625:Ulster
3595:Seneca
3550:Queens
3545:Putnam
3540:Otsego
3535:Oswego
3525:Orange
3510:Oneida
3495:Nassau
3478:Monroe
3438:Greene
3428:Fulton
3368:Cayuga
3358:Broome
3343:Albany
3286:Ithaca
3272:Elmira
3245:Albany
2999:Sports
2989:People
2891:Topics
2881:Albany
2198:Health
1614:8 July
1579:NYCEDC
1101:Hevesi
1006:, and
750:Auburn
746:Oswego
698:Amtrak
690:Albany
590:equine
200:, the
46:, but
3685:Towns
3662:Yates
3647:Wayne
3615:Tioga
3488:Tryon
3463:Lewis
3458:Kings
3418:Essex
3353:Bronx
3316:Utica
2984:Parks
2974:Music
2919:Crime
2899:Index
2867:State
2228:State
2203:Labor
1735:(PDF)
1718:(PDF)
1418:(PDF)
1411:(PDF)
1330:(PDF)
1319:(PDF)
1258:(PDF)
1241:(PDF)
1224:(PDF)
1186:(PDF)
1179:(PDF)
1136:debt.
1110:Times
738:Utica
136:Dutch
3413:Erie
3320:Rome
3253:Troy
1757:2019
1701:2016
1630:link
1616:2021
1586:2019
1561:link
1519:2019
1439:link
1207:link
1034:and
979:The
917:The
858:The
846:and
830:The
818:The
799:The
783:The
748:and
742:Rome
728:The
684:The
672:The
652:The
615:The
603:The
584:The
552:The
524:The
458:and
442:The
419:The
403:The
305:The
239:The
141:The
134:and
3079:Law
2869:of
2380:,
2208:Law
1074:WTC
470:).
285:See
251:".
3806::
3318:/
3274:/
3265:/
3251:/
3247:/
2376:,
2372:,
1902:.
1841:.
1816:.
1773:.
1671:.
1646:.
1626:}}
1622:{{
1606:.
1594:^
1577:.
1557:}}
1553:{{
1527:^
1505:.
1479:.
1455:.
1435:}}
1431:{{
1356:.
1345:^
1321:.
1279:.
1266:^
1203:}}
1199:{{
1167:^
1119::
1010:,
810:.
791:.
744:,
740:,
736:,
692:,
632:,
568:.
532:.
431:.
377:.
2859:e
2852:t
2845:v
2826:#
2821:*
2786:#
2760:*
2348:e
2341:t
2334:v
2118:e
2111:t
2104:v
1964:e
1957:t
1950:v
1912:.
1879:.
1854:.
1827:.
1784:.
1759:.
1703:.
1681:.
1657:.
1632:)
1618:.
1588:.
1563:)
1549:.
1521:.
1490:.
1465:.
1441:)
1427:.
1396:.
1371:.
1339:.
1305:.
1289:.
1209:)
1195:.
1014:.
249:'
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
53:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.