336:
the animal." In part, this Act required anyone wishing to export ponies from
Newfoundland to first acquire a permit; this ensured that ponies were going to private homes instead of slaughterhouses. Also in 1997, the Newfoundland Pony Breed Association was formed. This group sought to have the Newfoundland pony recognized under the Canadian Animal Pedigree Act, which may have given it additional protection and recognition. In March 2014, the Newfoundland Pony Society stated that they believed the breed should not have federal recognition, believing that the "federal act is meant for farm stock and breeding animals", not heritage breeds. Members of the society also fear that protection of the breed may be lessened under federal law when compared with current provincial regulations. However, the provincial government will make the final decision on whether to move forward with the process for federal recognition.
29:
248:
398:(TLC) added the Newfoundland pony to their Conservation Priority List in the "study" category, as it worked to verify the breed's history and population numbers. In 2012, with studies completed, the breed was moved to the "critical" category, meaning that the breed has a global population of less than 2,000 and annual registrations in the US of less than 200.
387:, suggesting possible crossbreeding at some point, although previous studies using microsatellite markers had not come to this conclusion. Although the microsatellite loci showed a relationship between the Newfoundland and the Sable Island horse, the study did not find overlapping haplotypes that would support this, possibly due to the
162:, which afforded it protection under the law, but the breed has not yet been recognized under the Canadian federal Animal Pedigree Act. As of 2008, there were 248 registered ponies of breeding age, out of a total population of 361. In 2013, the widely dispersed breeding population is still estimated at between 200 and 250 animals.
335:
passed the
Heritage Animals Act, which made the Newfoundland pony the first (and, so far, only) heritage animal of Newfoundland and Labrador. A subsequent order designated the Newfoundland Pony Society as "the group which will maintain the registry of ponies and otherwise act for the preservation of
330:
Shortly before the breed would have become extinct, several interested breeders came together and formed the
Newfoundland Pony Society in 1980. The group was formed to gather the remaining free-roaming herds, register the horses and breed them in captivity, and was successful in locating around 300
206:
coloration is occasionally found in the breed, though white in horses is very rare. Gray horses, whose hair coats become white as they age, are much more common. Grays are born dark colored with dark skin and lighten in color as they age, retaining the dark skin. White horses are born and remain
322:
from the beaches, gathering hay, and carrying wood, and they were also used for transportation. They were successfully used and bred to withstand the hard climate, and by 1935 there were over 9,000 ponies on the island. During the mid-20th century, however, increasing mechanization and a ban on
402:
also considers the breed critically endangered, with fewer than 15 annual registrations of purebred female breeding stock. As of 2008, there were 248 registered ponies of breeding age, out of a total registered population of 361 ponies. The largest populations were in the provinces of
226:
are thick, especially in winter. In order to be registered with the
Newfoundland Pony Society, ponies must " a good temperament and docile and easy to work with." They are generally used as family horses for
411:, with smaller populations in seven other Canadian provinces and the United States. As of 2013, TLC estimates that the widely dispersed breeding population consists of between 200 and 250 ponies.
391:
in the 1980s that may have resulted in such haplotypes being lost. In order to be registered with the
Newfoundland Pony Society, ponies must undergo DNA testing to verify Newfoundland parentage.
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imported additional animals soon after, and these were followed by a spate of pony shipments from
England, Ireland and Scotland. Additional breeds found in the shipments included the now-extinct
705:
840:
218:
The head is small, with thickly-furred ears that are small and quite pointed at the tips. Overall, the body is stocky and muscular, with a deep, narrow chest, short back, sloping
830:
820:
653:
712:
570:
524:
815:
810:
498:
593:"Maternal Lineages in Native Canadian Equine Populations and Their Relationship to the Nordic and Mountain and Moorland Pony Breeds"
332:
500:
The
Official Horse Breeds Standards Guide: The Complete Guide to the Standards of All North American Equine Breed Associations
508:
761:
The
Newfoundland Pony: The Lone Member of the Moorland Family of Horses in North America, Now on the Verge of Extinction
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174:(44 to 58 inches, 112 to 147 cm) tall and weight 400 to 800 pounds (180 to 360 kg). They are often
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were found to be the most genetically diverse of the
Canadian breeds studied, which also included the
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free-roaming ponies contributed to a decline in the population, and increased exports to France for
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134:
brought to
Newfoundland by settlers over a period of four centuries. Initially free-roaming, they
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in 1980, but still remains low. In 1997, the Newfoundland pony was declared a heritage breed of
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632:
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119:
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In the past, the Newfoundland pony was used for ploughing, assisting with gardens, hauling
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8:
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Prystupa, Jaclyn Mercedes; Hind, Pamela; Cothran, E. Gus; Plante, Yves (May–June 2012).
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371:(historically documented as the ancestors of the Newfoundland), Nordic breeds and a
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The ancestors of the Newfoundland pony arrived in Newfoundland from the
527:. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. May 22, 2013. Archived from
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century, when they were brought almost to the point of extinction by
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379:. Overlapping haplotypes also suggested a relationship with the
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45:
442:
Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
154:. The population rebounded slightly after the formation of a
122:, Canada. They are sturdy and muscular ponies, found in many
93:
464:
263:, brought there by settlers between 1611 and the mid-1900s.
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are minimal, and seasonal color changes are often drastic.
143:
115:
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to produce the modern type. They were used by settlers as
841:
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
468:
Horse Conformation: Structure, Soundness, and Performance
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in the 1970s almost led to the extinction of the breed.
549:
785:
706:"Newfoundland Pony: Population and Distribution 2008"
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ponies. Beginning with the first imports, the breeds
130:
coloration. The Newfoundland developed from a mix of
786:
Official Newfoundland Pony Breed Association Website
633:"Changes to the Conservation Priority List for 2012"
571:"Newfoundland Pony owners shun federal designation"
315:, eventually forming the modern Newfoundland pony.
211:color patterns are not eligible for registration.
797:
170:Newfoundland ponies are usually 11 to 14.2
831:Provincial symbols of Newfoundland and Labrador
496:
439:
359:loci, the Newfoundland was found to have high
635:. The Livestock Conservancy. March–April 2012
465:Hedge, Juliet; Wagoner, Don M., eds. (2004).
343:published in 2012, the Newfoundland pony and
821:Natural history of Newfoundland and Labrador
711:. Newfoundland Pony Society. Archived from
659:. The Livestock Conservancy. Archived from
654:"Conservation Priority Equine Breeds, 2013"
165:
781:Official Newfoundland Pony Society Website
27:
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267:formed the initial shipment, imported by
435:
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431:
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132:English, Irish, and Scottish pony breeds
444:. Storey Publishing. pp. 318–320.
333:Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
798:
552:. Newfoundland Pony Breed Association
492:
490:
488:
420:
729:
503:. Voyageur Press. pp. 510–512.
367:, some of which overlapped with the
355:. When an estimation was made using
207:white in color, and have pink skin.
791:Newfoundland Pony Sanctuary Website
677:
142:and multi-purpose ponies until the
13:
816:Fauna of Newfoundland and Labrador
811:Horse breeds originating in Canada
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485:
14:
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369:mountain and moorland pony breeds
235:, although they are also seen at
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222:and low-set tail. The coat and
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1:
471:. Globe Pequot. p. 294.
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7:
739:. The Livestock Conservancy
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759:Fraser, Andrew F. (1992),
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573:. CBC News. March 1, 2014
405:Newfoundland and Labrador
396:The Livestock Conservancy
160:Newfoundland and Labrador
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79:Newfoundland Pony Society
74:
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65:Sturdy, hardy island pony
61:
56:
41:
26:
377:Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
166:Physical Characteristics
763:, Creative Publishers,
497:Lynghaug, Fran (2009).
440:Dutson, Judith (2005).
62:Distinguishing features
331:animals. In 1997, the
256:
836:Newfoundland (island)
610:10.1093/jhered/ess003
550:"What is NPBA Doing?"
531:on September 21, 2013
389:population bottleneck
363:and a high number of
250:
687:. Rare Breeds Canada
273:Proprietary Governor
94:Equus ferus caballus
737:"Newfoundland Pony"
597:Journal of Heredity
361:autosomal diversity
23:
525:"Heritage Animals"
400:Rare Breeds Canada
349:Sable Island horse
257:
21:
510:978-0-7603-3499-7
353:Lac La Croix pony
341:mitochondrial DNA
108:Newfoundland pony
104:
103:
42:Country of origin
33:Newfoundlands in
22:Newfoundland Pony
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265:Dartmoor ponies
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229:pleasure riding
202:are also seen.
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118:originating in
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70:Breed standards
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685:"Horse Breeds"
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603:(3): 380–390.
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375:population at
357:microsatellite
345:Canadian horse
339:In a study of
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213:White markings
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156:breed registry
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287:, as well as
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285:Galloway pony
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261:British Isles
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806:Horse breeds
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741:. Retrieved
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720:. Retrieved
713:the original
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689:. Retrieved
679:
668:. Retrieved
661:the original
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637:. Retrieved
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575:. Retrieved
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554:. Retrieved
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533:. Retrieved
529:the original
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381:Standardbred
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277:Newfoundland
271:, the first
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120:Newfoundland
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105:
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50:Newfoundland
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237:horse shows
800:Categories
769:1895387140
743:2013-09-18
722:2013-09-19
691:2013-09-18
670:2013-09-18
639:2013-09-18
577:2014-03-24
556:2013-09-18
535:2013-09-18
478:1592284876
451:1580176135
415:References
385:Clydesdale
365:haplotypes
325:horse meat
309:New Forest
251:A pony in
186:in color.
394:In 2011,
313:crossbred
289:Connemara
152:slaughter
136:crossbred
619:22504109
351:and the
305:Highland
293:Dartmoor
269:John Guy
192:chestnut
409:Ontario
253:driving
243:History
233:driving
826:Ponies
767:
617:
507:
475:
448:
297:Exmoor
124:colors
57:Traits
46:Canada
716:(PDF)
709:(PDF)
664:(PDF)
657:(PDF)
373:feral
220:croup
209:Pinto
204:White
184:brown
176:black
172:hands
140:draft
128:white
112:breed
110:is a
765:ISBN
615:PMID
505:ISBN
473:ISBN
446:ISBN
407:and
383:and
320:kelp
307:and
301:Fell
255:tack
231:and
224:mane
198:and
196:gray
188:Roan
150:and
116:pony
106:The
605:doi
601:103
275:of
200:dun
182:or
180:bay
114:of
802::
613:.
599:.
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487:^
422:^
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52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
