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bombings, Burdenko survived another heavy concussion which led to a stroke; he also completely lost ability to talk and had to train hard to regain it. He spent two months in war hospitals and in April 1942 returned to Moscow where he continued scientific work. For the first time in world medicine he
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With his active participation, neurosurgical clinics and departments appeared all over the country. Burdenko organized and headed various medical conferences, including the All-Union
Neurosurgical Council founded in 1935, and represented Soviet Union at international conferences. He also headed the
740:
was founded in Moscow. It was designed in accordance with plans developed by
Burdenko and was partially based on the Institute of Experimental Medicine β the first Russian research institute that existed from 1890 to 1944. Burdenko served as its president from 20 December until his death.
559:
and the methods of treating it, made a large contribution to the study of the processes which appear in the central and peripheral nervous system in connection with the surgical operation in the case of sharp injuries; he developed the bulbotomy β operation on the upper division of the
698:
collected from witnesses, the commission reported that the massacre happened during the autumn of 1941 and that methods used to kill Polish officers were identical to those used by German forces during occupation of Soviet cities. Documented materials were entered into evidence at the
458:, aid and dressing stations, including special sections for soldiers with stomach, lungs and skull wounds. For the first time in battlefield medicine Burdenko applied first aid care for skull injuries. From 1915 to 1917, he also worked as a consultant surgeon, first at the
532:. He also headed the university surgical clinic from 1924 until his death which currently bears his name. In 1929, a faculty of field surgery was founded on his initiative. Same year Burdenko was appointed a director of the neurosurgical clinic of the
1266:
718:, recognizing it as a "mistake" of the agency, and stating that for him as a medical man "it was quite clear" that the corpses dated back to 1940. In 1957, Olshansky returned to the USSR where he claimed that his testimony was made up by the
298:
837:
592:. From 1937, he worked as the main consultant surgeon under the Red Army Board of Health. He also published the first guide concerning field surgery based on his war experience which helped to prepare the army for the
1193:. Vol. 5β7. Washington: United States. Congress. House. Select Committee to Conduct an Investigation and Study of the Facts, Evidence, and Circumstances on the Katyn Forest Massacre. 1952. pp. 1938β1942.
364:
and other epidemic diseases. He was then restored in the university. During that time he worked a lot as a surgeon and took part in medical expeditions around the country to fight epidemics of typhus,
505:. In 1920 he organized medical courses to prepare field surgeons and nurses. Simultaneously he consulted the Voronezh Health Department and continued his scientific work. His researches concerned
997:
People of
Russian Science. Essays on Prominent Figures in Natural History and Engineering. Biology, Medicine, Agricultural Sciences // ed. by Ivan Kuzntesov. β Moscow: Fizmatlit, 1963, p. 669β678
847:
281:), one of the eight children of Nil Karpovich Burdenko (1839β1906) and Varvara Markianovna Burdenko (nΓ©e Smagina) (1851β1897). His paternal grandfather Karp Fyodorovich Burdenko came from
703:. In 1993, a commission of experts under the Russia's Chief Military Prosecutor's Office disapproved the Burdenko commission's report as "false" and "not meeting science requirements".
55:
714:
and
Burdenko's friend, published an article and in 1952 β testified in court that in April 1946 Burdenko had revealed to him that he knew about the execution been carried out by the
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which turned to be more effective compared to intravenous injections practiced at the time. He also promoted the usage of secondary suture and effective treating of artery wounds.
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The Katyn Forest
Massacre: Hearings Before the Select Committee to Conduct an Investigation of the Facts, Evidence and Circumstances of the Katyn Forest Massacre
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and various Riga hospitals. In March 1917, he was appointed the Main
Battlefield Medical Inspector, but left the post on May due to disagreements with the
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by German forces
Burdenko was suggested to continue to carry out his duties under the new power, but he declined the offer and in June 1918 evacuated to
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In June 1945, he survived a second stroke, and during the summer of 1946 β a third one. While in hospital, Burdenko finished a report on healing of
726:, Olshansky "appeared and testified voluntarily". However, other doubts arose as to the credibility of Olshansky's testimony the following years.
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units. He also headed the special commission of forensic medical examination that revealed atrocities committed during the Nazi occupation of the
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in Moscow. He was survived by his wife Maria
Emilievna Burdenko (1882β1954) and their son Vladimir Nikolaevich Burdenko (1912β1974),
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Nikolay
Burdenko was born on 3 June 1876 in the village of Kamenka in the Nizhnelomovsky Uyezd of the Penza Governorate (modern-day
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for his service. On
December he demobilized and returned to his studies. In 1905, he was invited to the surgery department of the
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after one of the battles and had to return to his Alma mater where he headed the surgery department. Following the occupation of
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in 1941, he was appointed the Main Surgeon of the Red Army and participated in some of the first battles that took place near
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564:. Burdenko created the school of surgeons with a sharply pronounced experimental direction. Works in the domains of the
352:), Faculty of Medicine. Once again, he became involved with the student protest movement and had to spend a year in the
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620:. He organized medical help and personally operated thousands of people. He also tested and actively applied first
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where he served as a landlord's estate manager and his wife β as a maid; after being granted freedom they moved to
187:
1319:
951:. Interesting Life: Episodes from the Life of Burdenko Nikolay Nilovich, a Surgeon. β Moscow: Sovremennik, p. 3-7
237:(from 1939), an academician and the first director of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1944β1946), a
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which served as the basis for the world's first Central Neurosurgical Institute founded in 1932 (known today as
332:. There, he became fascinated with anatomy and operative surgery, and by the third course he was appointed as a
293:
and then β to Verhniy Lomov of the Penza Governorate. Nikolay's father also worked as an estate manager for the
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471:
398:
In 1906, Burdenko graduated from the university and moved back to Penza where he became a surgeon at the local
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and was given by him under fear of repressions, although according to Democratic United States Representative
454:. In addition to the duties of field surgeon he also evacuated wounded soldiers under hostile fire, organized
1579:
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as the best student. In 1897, he left it to study medicine at the recently opened Faculty of Medicine of the
211:
22:
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1304:
Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal. Blue Series Vol. 39, p. 241.
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were the valuable contribution of Burdenko and his school to the theory and practice of neurosurgery.
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and was close to the Emperor's family. Nikolay's mother was a housewife who came from peasants of the
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Burdenko died on 11 November 1946, just several months after the third stroke. He was buried at the
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and spent all four months at the frontline, managing the battlefield surgery. With the start of the
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1006:
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1403:. N. N. Burdenko. Collection of Works in 7 Volumes. β Moscow: Academy of Science Publishing House.
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On 11 October 1901, he entered the fourth course of the Imperial University of Yuryev (modern-day
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Katyn. March 1940 β September 2000. Shooting. Fates of Those Alive. Echo of Katyn. Documents
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and a former Soviet Army officer who claimed to be a former associated professor at the
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513:, anesthesia, blood transfusion and so on. At the time he also came to conclusion that
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690:(People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs), the Soviet secret police. Based on the
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1271:. Vol. 102, part 10. Washington: United States Congress. 1956. p. 14128.
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where he founded a neurosurgical department; in 1930, it was reorganized into the
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that inspired him to write five scientific efforts. In March 1909, he earned the
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336:'s assistant. He was then excluded from the university for participating in the
1337:"Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ»Π°"
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In January 1944, he headed a special commission established to investigate the
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659:. He investigated various Nazi crimes, including attacks on medical personnel,
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1120:// ed. by Natalia S. Lebedeva and Wojciech Materski. β Moscow: Ves' Mir, 2001
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Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the United States Congress
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article from the Tomsk State University newspaper, 31 May 2002 (in Russian)
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to clinical practice; he investigated the reasons behind the appearance of
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and was shot in the arm while saving wounded under hostile fire during the
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Burdenko's name also appeared on the official Soviet report regarding the
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in 1914, Burdenko once again volunteered for the frontline and joined the
324:. In 1891, he entered Penza theological seminary and was soon sent to the
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838:
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941β1945"
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Burdenko took active part in building and managing war hospitals for the
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along with other professors. There, he became one of the founders of the
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N .N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery
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24 January 1944, Special commission's final report, p. 513 (in Russian)
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1211:. Vol. 4. Washington: United States Congress. 1952. p. 31.
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The following were named after Burdenko: SRI of the neurosurgery in
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prevention, healing of wounds and infections, surgical treatment of
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school and in 1886 entered Penza theological school to study for an
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https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/NT_major-war-criminals.html
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874:, Central military hospital, the faculty of the surgical clinic of
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the responsibility for the massacre, factually carried out by the
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Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
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105:
1380:"ΠΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°"
1362:"ΠΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ. ΠΠ°Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°"
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All-Union Association of Surgeons and became a member of the
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article from the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences website
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1413:. β Moscow: Academy of Science Publishing House, 152 pages.
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Honorary member of the International Society of Surgeons,
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In November 1942, Burdenko was appointed a member of the
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complications after brain and skull injures by injecting
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Burdenko was among the first to introduce surgery of the
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performed by 75 doctors, evidences found on corpses and
1442:Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ) Nikolay Burdenko's full bibliography
214:
3 June] 1876 β 11 November 1946) was a
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Academicians of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
1411:
Materials for N. N. Burdenko's Biography (1876β1946)
882:
provincial clinical hospital, streets in Moscow and
410:
ligation. He was heavily influenced by the works of
968:
They Added to Penza's Glory. In 3 Volumes. Volume 1
675:where over 215 000 Soviet civilians were murdered.
1525:Presidents of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
1045:Healing with a Scalpel. Academician N. N. Burdenko
1079:
379:. He served in the field ambulance detachment in
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1058:Nikolay Nilovich Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute
1226:. Paris: Editions Spotkania. pp. 130β131.
1080:Cienciala, Anna M.; Materski, Wojciech (2007).
1249:. Kazan: Tatar publishing house. 1990. p. 108
375:In January 1904, Burdenko volunteered for the
1247:Checkists of Tataria // "Shifter" by V. Titov
604:In 1939, the 64-year-old Burdenko joined the
1495:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
706:In 1950, Boris Olshansky, a defector to the
1086:. Yale University Press. pp. 226β229.
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1284:"ΠΠ²Π° ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ..."
1161:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
959:
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1595:Academic staff of the University of Tartu
1550:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
1515:Academic staff of Moscow State University
1136:
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980:
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764:who served on submarine during the war.
576:of the liquor circulation, and cerebral
402:hospital. Simultaneously he worked on a
275:Kamenka, Kamensky District, Penza Oblast
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1026:at the War Heroes database (in Russian)
964:Aleksandr Tyustin, Igor Shishkin (2012)
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517:must be taken as a separate specialty.
249:winner (1941). He was a veteran of the
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1540:Recipients of the Cross of St. George
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588:in 1938, the same year he joined the
418:degree and the next year he became a
1048:. Moscow: Znanie, pp. 57-67, 131β160
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784:, 3rd class with swords (March 1915)
326:Saint Petersburg Theological Academy
1029:
682:. The commission's report assigned
590:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
493:based on the University of Yuryev.
316:In 1885, Burdenko finished Kamenka
233:(1937β1946), an academician of the
13:
904:
843:Medal "For the Victory over Japan"
496:
14:
1611:
1560:Inventors from the Russian Empire
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1083:Katyn: A Crime without Punishment
833:Medal "For the Defence of Moscow"
720:American Committee for Liberation
343:
16:Russian Empire and Soviet surgeon
1545:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1535:People of the Russo-Japanese War
1520:Surgeons from the Russian Empire
738:USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
538:People's Commissariat for Health
229:. He was Surgeon-General of the
188:USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
1485:Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
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776:Burdenko on a 1962 Soviet stamp
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185:Central Neurosurgical Institute
165:Medicine, surgery, neurosurgery
1585:Recipients of the Stalin Prize
1423:. β Moscow: Medgiz, 248 pages.
1051:
1000:
657:Extraordinary State Commission
632:β to treat injury infections.
524:and became a professor of the
472:Russian Provisional Government
429:
268:
1:
1570:Soviet people of World War II
1565:Russian people of World War I
1394:
1282:ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠ³ΠΎΡΡ (8 July 2011).
970:. β Penza: Iceberg, p. 60-61
897:
426:at the University of Yuryev.
285:of the Kuznetsky Uezd of the
178:Imperial University of Yuryev
135:Imperial University of Yuryev
23:Eastern Slavic naming customs
1510:Katyn massacre investigators
1141:. KrakΓ³w. pp. 272β276.
1007:Alma Mater: Nikolay Burdenko
731:Auschwitz concentration camp
530:1st Moscow Medical Institute
395:town hospital for practice.
7:
1205:"The Katyn Forest Massacre"
1137:Abarinow, WΕadimir (2007).
520:In 1923, Burdenko moved to
452:Battle of the Vistula River
338:1899 Russian student strike
245:of medical services, and a
10:
1616:
1590:University of Tartu alumni
1500:Heroes of Socialist Labour
817:Order of the Patriotic War
477:He was diagnosed with the
387:. He was awarded with the
21:In this name that follows
20:
1421:Nikolay Nilovich Burdenko
1286:(in Russian). Katyn Files
1024:Burdenko Nikolay Nilovich
932:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
712:Voronezh State University
570:vegetative nervous system
553:peripheral nervous system
491:Voronezh State University
330:Tomsk Imperial University
225:, the founder of Russian
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200:Nikolay Nilovich Burdenko
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1530:People from Penza Oblast
1417:Suren Bagdasaryan (1954)
1407:Suren Bagdasaryan (1950)
1222:Zawodny, Janusz (1989).
928:ΠΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
828:Medal for Combat Service
800:Hero of Socialist Labour
790:, 2nd class (April 1915)
744:
586:USSR Academy of Sciences
479:post-concussion syndrome
235:USSR Academy of Sciences
208:ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ
1575:Soviet military doctors
1505:History of neuroscience
1401:Nikolay Burdenko (1951)
812:Order of the Red Banner
794:Order of Saint Vladimir
526:Moscow State University
474:and returned to front.
448:East Prussian Operation
406:on the consequences of
356:treating children with
239:Hero of Socialist Labor
777:
733:as document USSR-008.
434:With the start of the
1446:Russian State Library
1209:Reports and Documents
823:Order of the Red Star
775:
446:, taking part in the
1580:Soviet neurosurgeons
1042:Mark Mirsky (1983).
878:'s medical academy,
758:Novodevichy Cemetery
536:institute under the
301:) who served in the
1555:Red Cross personnel
1322:8 July 2017 at the
1063:6 June 2017 at the
788:Order of Saint Anna
782:Order of Saint Anna
640:suggested to treat
610:Great Patriotic War
424:associate professor
389:Cross of St. George
385:Battle of Te-li-Ssu
354:Kherson Governorate
350:University of Tartu
287:Saratov Governorate
210:; 22 May [
1600:Russian scientists
1317:How it all started
796:, 4th class (1916)
778:
768:Honours and awards
736:In June 1944, the
635:During one of the
464:Vilna Governorates
444:Northwestern Front
442:detachment of the
416:Doctor of Medicine
377:Russo-Japanese War
311:Tambov Governorate
297:Vladimir Voeykov (
251:Russo-Japanese War
1386:on 25 April 2022.
1368:on 25 April 2022.
1148:978-83-240-0792-9
1139:Oprawcy z Katynia
1093:978-0-300-10851-4
646:streptocide white
578:blood circulation
263:German-Soviet War
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182:Moscow University
156:Scientific career
84:Penza Governorate
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1451:Nikolay Burdenko
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1382:. Archived from
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1364:. Archived from
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1455:Find a Grave
1434:(in Russian)
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1384:the original
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170:Institutions
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145:Neurosurgery
114:Soviet Union
110:Russian SFSR
100:(1946-11-11)
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30:
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1475:1946 deaths
1470:1876 births
947:Pavel Nilin
819:, 1st class
622:antibiotics
562:spinal cord
436:World War I
430:World War I
412:Ivan Pavlov
408:portal vein
307:Nicholas II
269:Early years
121:Nationality
76:3 June 1876
35:family name
1464:Categories
1395:Literature
1176:Conclusion
898:References
630:gramicidin
606:Winter War
259:Winter War
72:1876-06-03
27:patronymic
1437:Biography
1157:cite book
724:Dan Flood
696:testimony
665:Red Cross
574:pathology
440:Red Cross
381:Manchuria
334:prosector
174:Red Cross
82:village,
1320:Archived
1290:30 April
1061:Archived
888:asteroid
884:Voronezh
876:Sechenov
669:Smolensk
614:Yartsevo
566:oncology
503:Red Army
487:Voronezh
468:2nd Army
450:and the
366:smallpox
261:and the
231:Red Army
39:Burdenko
31:Nilovich
1444:at the
1346:11 June
692:autopsy
648:into a
549:central
422:and an
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318:zemstvo
223:surgeon
216:Russian
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125:Russian
80:Kamenka
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949:(1982)
872:Moscow
864:London
855:(1941)
805:Three
802:(1943)
618:Vyazma
522:Moscow
483:Yuryev
456:triage
404:thesis
358:typhus
279:Russia
220:Soviet
162:Fields
106:Moscow
25:, the
1224:KatyΕ
886:, an
880:Penza
745:Death
557:shock
534:X-ray
507:shock
460:Kovno
303:Svita
291:Penza
283:serfs
1348:2019
1292:2020
1251:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1163:link
1143:ISBN
1122:ISBN
1101:2011
1088:ISBN
972:ISBN
716:NKVD
688:NKVD
671:and
663:and
637:Nazi
628:and
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393:Riga
368:and
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95:Died
66:Born
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