Non-constituency Member of Parliament

1129:

the opposition at a disadvantage at general elections for a number of reasons. For one, there are restrictions on NCMPs as to what they can or cannot vote on in Parliament. Thus, it has been suggested that the presence of NCMPs in Parliament "does not seem to extend beyond the decorative and the provision of debating foils for the younger PAP generation unexposed to the gladiatorial quality of parliamentary debate". Moreover, the effectiveness of the NCMP scheme is limited by the perception that the NCMP is obliged to be adversarial by virtue of being party to the opposition. This is so even if privately the Member can apprehend the benefits of a Government proposal. Finally, the NCMP scheme has been criticized as a ploy to discourage voters from voting in opposition MPs because of the guarantee of at least a number of NCMP seats. This inhibits the natural growth of an elected opposition voice in Parliament as the electorate's motivation to vote in an opposition Member into Parliament is conceivably diluted by the assurance that a default mechanism exists for the "best losers".

977:("PAP") MPs with sparring partners to "sharpen their debating skills". Secondly, the presence of opposition members in Parliament would educate the younger generation of voters about the role of a constitutional opposition and the limits of what it can do. He said this was especially important because the younger generation who had not lived and witnessed the conflicts within Parliament in the 1950s and 1960s "harbour myths about the role of an Opposition" and "had no idea how destructive an Opposition could be". Thirdly, the presence of non-PAP MPs in Parliament would act as a check and balance against any governmental impropriety. According to Lee, "some non-PAP MPs will ensure that every suspicion, every rumour of misconduct, will be reported to the non-PAP MPs". The readiness of non-PAP members to bring forth any allegation of misfeasance, or corruption, or nepotism would "dispel suspicions of cover-ups of alleged wrongdoings". 153: 2084: 2056:] curriculum which will better develop thinking, communication and other process skills and engage students in greater breadth of learning; and (2) endorses greater diversity and opening of new pathways in JC/Upper Secondary education to cater to the different strengths and interests of students." He suggested that there should be a focus on "creative spontaneity", expressing the view that the education system in 2002 was one that focused on churning out a production line of workers, managers and instruction takers. Given that Singapore had reached the standards of a 425: 3790:, now states: "Where a person is arrested and not released, he shall, without unreasonable delay, and in any case within 48 hours (excluding the time of any necessary journey), be produced before a Magistrate, in person or by way of video-conferencing link (or other similar technology) in accordance with law, and shall not be further detained in custody without the Magistrate's authority." Prior to 26 April 2010, the reference to video conferencing was not present in the provision. See also the Criminal Procedure Code ( 2068:(CPF) savings to tide over periods of financial difficulty. His rationale was that if individuals could borrow from their own CPF accounts to buy depreciating property and money-losing stocks, there was no reason why they should not be allowed to do so to pay for bills. Dr. Ong Seh Hong, MP for Aljunied GRC, opposed the view, stating that it was important and for the good of Singapore that Singaporeans were independent individuals who could assume the risks and successes of their investments and be self-sufficient. 871:. Elected NCMP must take an oath of allegiance to Singapore and to "preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore". If this is not done at the first or second sitting of Parliament during its first session after the general election, Parliament may by resolution declare that the NCMP's seat has become vacant and that it will be filled by the next succeeding eligible candidate at the general elections, the candidates having priority based on the percentage of votes polled by them. 44: 820: 363: 1140:, then the sole NCMP in Parliament, commented that having NCMPs "make a bad situation better, but increasing NCMPs is not the solution towards a more robust political system". She identified an NCMP's lack of any official capacity to represent the people or write letters on their behalf as a drawback of the scheme. Moreover, an NCMP has no physical base to organize activities or dialogues with the people. In her view, it would be better for 943: 430: 992:. As a result of his sole opposition presence in the Parliament, he could not initiate a meaningful debate in Parliament, being unable to find another MP to second his motions. The fact that there was absolutely no opposition representation in Parliament in the four general elections before 1984 (as indicated in the table below) added to the impetus for the inception of the scheme. 2022: 2061:

to train our best and brightest with our best resources only to be told that they are going to be the quitters of our society; or that they lack the compassion for the weak and the down; or that they behave in a snobbish class of their own; or behave condescendingly to their peers and followers; or that the elites only care about their own self-interests."

1214:, it was back to the default three NCMP seats. After two opposition members were elected, one NCMP seat was offered to, and accepted by, J. B. Jeyaratnam. He was declared elected with effect from 14 January 1997. Subsequently, with effect from 23 July 2001, Jeyaretnam fell into bankruptcy due to an unpaid debt and thus lost his seat in Parliament. The 597:

was made to initiate the NCMP scheme, between three and six NCMPs were allowed in Parliament. In 2010, the Constitution was amended again to allow for a maximum of nine NCMPs in Parliament. With effect from 2017, the maximum number of NCMPs increased from nine to 12, and they were conferred the same voting powers in Parliament as elected MPs.

770:. On 1 July 2010, the need for a presidential order to increase the number of NCMPs was removed. Instead, the maximum number of NCMPs in Parliament was increased from six to nine, and the actual number that would be declared elected following a general election would be nine sans the number of opposition MPs elected to Parliament. 3794:), s. 68: "(1) No police officer shall detain in custody a person who has been arrested without a warrant for a longer period than under all the circumstances of the case is reasonable. (2) Such period shall not exceed 48 hours exclusive of the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Magistrate's Court." 2129:. A first mention is a hearing that must be held within 48 hours of a person's arrest. She felt it failed to adequately assure accused people that they were allowed to complain to magistrates about injuries they had sustained or acts of misfeasance against them by the authorities. In response, Deputy Prime Minister and 3218:

Aside from Mr Chiam See Tong and the surprise three other opposition candidates who won seats in Parliament, the five top losers among the opposition were all also unexpected faces. None of them will however be appointed Non-Constituency MPs as current election laws provide for their appointment only

2136:

assured MPs that processes would be in place to ensure that accused people are treated fairly. For example, during a video conference, an accused person will be alone in a room with no police officer, and will be able to see what is happening in the entire courtroom. Secondly, the screen that will be

2121:

countries in 2006 about 37% of each age cohort received a degree-level education, and that a sizeable number of Singaporean students who failed to gain entry into local universities had done well in reputable universities overseas. She also suggested giving concessionary fares to disabled individuals

773:

On 9 November 2016, a bill to amend the Constitution was passed to increase the maximum number of NCMPs from nine to 12, and to confer upon NCMPs the same voting powers as elected MPs. NCMPs could exercise their enhanced voting powers with effect from 1 April 2017, while the procedure for electing up

757:

The NCMP scheme was introduced on 22 August 1984 by the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 1984 and the Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Act 1984. Under Article 39(1)(b) of the Constitution which was introduced by the constitutional amendment Act, the maximum number of NCMPs

1155:

refuted claims that NCMPs were not a "real opposition" by stating that the PAP had introduced and expanded the scheme "because it acknowledged both the desire among Singaporeans for alternative voices and the need for an opposition to represent the diverse views in society". He noted that NCMPs were

863:

If the number of opposition candidates elected is fewer than 12, losing opposition candidates who have the highest percentage of votes during the election will be declared elected as NCMPs to make up the minimum number of opposition MPs. Hence, the number of NCMP seats offered is 12 minus the number

2108:

was an NCMP from 2006 till Parliament was dissolved in 2011 for the general election held that year, at which she was elected as one of the MPs for Aljunied GRC. While she was an NCMP, Parliament debated the Human Organ Transplant (Amendment) Bill 2009 which would permit an organ donor to receive a

2060:

economy, Singapore should focus on instilling an inquisitive spirit within students, to encourage students to ask questions. He placed most emphasis on the importance of ensuring that the focus of education should be character building, stating: "It will be failure of our education system if we are

1176:

were elected to Parliament, the single NCMP seat available was allocated to the WP's M. P. D. Nair. However, the WP decided that its defeated candidates should not take up NCMP seats. Jeyaretnam, the WP's Secretary-General, said that the "real object" behind the scheme was to persuade the

600:

Since its inception, the scheme has been widely criticised. It has been considered undemocratic as it allows candidates who do not have the mandate of the people to air their views in Parliament. Furthermore, members of the opposition have criticized the scheme for creating an unequal playing field

2140:

The following month, during parliamentary debates on major revisions to the Criminal Procedure Code, Lim suggested there was a need to improve pre-trial disclosure procedures and to ensure that victims of crimes received redress. Further, she expressed concerns over the leniency of community-based

1128:

The opposition has, from the introduction of the NCMP scheme, decried it as a "sham" and a "toothless" office. Opposition member J. B. Jeyaratnam questioned whether it was "a trick or a ploy" by the ruling party to maintain its dominance in Parliament. It has been argued that the system has placed

596:

argued that the NCMP scheme would ensure that opposition voices would be heard in Parliament. According to him, this would be beneficial to Singapore as it would give the younger generation of Singaporeans a chance to see what an opposition can or cannot do. When the first constitutional amendment

851:

but not elected into Parliament will be offered NCMP seats. However, this is subject to several conditions. There must be fewer than 12 opposition members voted into Parliament, and the candidate must have garnered at least 15% of the total number of votes polled at the election in the contested

2149:

were cumbersome. Furthermore, education for children with special needs was not subject to the same subsidies that students in mainstream schools had. She thus brought to the House's attention the fact that special needs children might have been unintentionally marginalized. These concerns were

1123:

eople who are proposed to be NCMPs are politicians who stood for an election and lost. Sir, they lost. They lost. I do not know how much more emphatic I can be about this. These are politicians who have stood on certain political platforms, for certain political issues and the majority of the

3774: 2388: 2384: 554:, by virtue of having been one of the best-performing losers. When less than 12 opposition MPs have been elected, the number of NCMPs is the difference to total 12. NCMPs enjoy all of the privileges of ordinary members of Parliament, apart from the salary, which is substantially lower. 1124:

electorate have considered these issues, these politicians and have rejected them at the polls. To then allow them into Parliament flies in the face of the logic of a democratic election at best and, at worst, is a slap in the face to the people who have voted against them.

2075:, which are casino-based vacation resorts, in 2005 Chia expressed concern in Parliament over whether the Government had systems and institutions in place to lessen their negative impact such as problem gambling and the spectre of people gambling away family assets. 980:

More importantly, the NCMP scheme was introduced to "ensure the representation in Parliament of a minimum number of Members from a political party or parties not forming the Government". The PAP possessed "unbroken hegemony" in Parliament from 1968 until 1981 when

605:(PAP) to argue that the electorate need not vote for opposition candidates as there will already be opposition representation in Parliament. Despite this critique, several opposition politicians have accepted NCMP seats, including 2 different parties like 1111:(NMPs). During parliamentary debates in April 2010 on increasing the number of NCMPs from six to nine, several MPs expressed dissatisfaction with what they called the lack of legitimacy and anti-democratic nature of the NCMP concept. For instance, PAP MP 1132:

Opposition MP Low Thia Khiang has cited an NCMP's lack of "muscle and real grassroot grounding" as a reason for his refusal to take up an NCMP seat. NCMPs do not represent any constituency and are thus denied of opportunities to expand their influence.

3318:

The Returning Officer for the recent General Election, Mr Tan Boon Huat has declared Workers' Party Chairman, Sylvia Lim as the candidate elected to be the Non-Constituency MP or NCMP. The declaration was made in a Government Gazette announcement on

846:

The Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act provide for a maximum of 12 NCMPs in Parliament. After the polling results for a general election have been released, the opposition candidates receiving the highest percentage of votes in their

3252:

Workers' Party secretary-general J. B. Jeyaretnam has been declared a Non-Constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP) officially. A Government extraordinary gazette on Tuesday night, signed by Returning Officer Tan Boon Huat, declared him an

2137:

used is large enough for the judge to clearly see whether the accused is under duress. Finally, accused people who have been mistreated can either complain to the police or to the judge when they are later present in court.

782:

NCMPs have been called the "best losers" of each general election. As NCMPs are declared elected from candidates who fail to win at general elections, they are subject to the same qualifying criteria as elected MPs:

2116:

In 2010, Lim mooted the idea that the proportion of each Primary 1 cohort that would be seeking a university education should be increased beyond the 30% by 2015 that the Government was planning. She noted that in

2402: 2144:

In 2011, Lim noted that the Compulsory Education Act ensures that all children have the opportunity to receive an education. However, she expressed concern that processes for entry to schools for children with

1156:

free to debate issues in Parliament, and that the scheme provided opposition politicians with an opportunity to "establish themselves and strengthen their positions in subsequent general elections".

973:

presented to Parliament three main justifications for the NCMP scheme. First, he said that having a minimum number of opposition members in Parliament through the NCMP scheme would provide younger

867:

In the event that a group of candidates contesting in a GRC is offered an NCMP seat, the group must decide within seven days the person or persons to be declared elected as NCMPs and notify the

2683:

is defined in Art. 68 of the Constitution, and in general refers to a bill containing only provisions dealing with financial matters such as regulating taxation and dealing with public money.

1144:

if the NCMP scheme was regarded merely as a "stop-gap measure" to deal with the lack of alternative voices in Parliament as a result of the ruling party's alleged abuse of the GRC system and

2109:

reasonable amount of payment as a reimbursement for medical checks, insurance and other medical expenses, and loss of income. Lim spoke of her worry that the bill might lead to a backdoor

758:

was set at six. However, the actual number that could be declared elected at any general election was fixed at three, less the total number of Opposition MPs elected to Parliament. The

4307: 4114:

Winslow, Valentine S. (1984). "Creating a Utopian Parliament: The Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 1984; the Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Act 1984".

1207:, a special provision was made for four instead of three NCMP seats, but none were offered because four opposition members were successful in their respective electoral divisions. 3340: 2326:

Non-Constituency MPs ... are appointed from among the losing Opposition candidates who polled the highest votes and they do not serve any constituency (as the name implies).

4671: 2125:

Lim expressed concerns about a proposed constitutional amendment introduced in April 2010 that would allow magistrates to hear what are called "first mentions" through

1177:

electorate to return the PAP to all the seats in Parliament, which was "the antithesis of what Parliament is". The NCMP seat was then allocated to Tan Chee Kien of the

2414: 1203:

announced that Seow had lost his seat with effect from 17 December 1988 under Article 45 of the Constitution after he was convicted and fined for tax evasion. In the

2460: 766:, could order that between four and six NCMPs be declared elected for the purpose of a particular general election. Such an order ceased to have effect at the next 750:

and the Parliamentary Elections Act enabling the unsuccessful candidates who have performed the best to be accorded the status. The NCMP does not represent any

629:. NCMPs have raised notable points in Parliament with regards to various public policy issues such as criminal procedure, education, health and social welfare. 2118: 4101:(2002). "The Right to Political Participation in Singapore: Tailor-making a Westminster-modelled Constitution to Fit the Imperatives of Asian Democracy". 4288: 3948: 2151: 2083: 4640: 3305: 3049: 4464: 951: 400: 2668:

Singapore Constitution, Art. 39(2), before being amended by the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2016 (No. 28 of 2016).

2503:), s. 16, amending the PEA, s. 52(1); and the Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Act 2018 (Commencement) Notification 2019 ( 4569: 955: 3603: 4322: 1978: 1927: 1879: 1308: 1277: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 3576: 3549: 3518: 3487: 3456: 3425: 3394: 3363: 2863: 2836: 2809: 2778: 1727: 240: 4360: 3787: 2893: 1805: 1330:, which garnered 48.32% of the votes, making them the "best loser" of the election. Two NCMP seats were offered. They were taken up by 839: 1244:

Following an increase in the number of NCMP seats in Parliament to nine in 2010, after the Workers' Party garnered six seats at the

1241:, making her the "best loser" of the election. She was subsequently declared elected as the next NCMP in Parliament on 12 May 2006. 4524: 4327: 3348: 1766: 1178: 4438: 4281: 1843: 1672: 1257: 645: 245: 4057: 2013:

NCMPs have raised and debated in Parliament a wide range of issues. What follows are some of the more notable issues mentioned.

4666: 4226: 3181: 2408: 1197: 735: 535: 107: 1181:, but his party also decided to reject the seat. This was regarded as a "resignation", and the NCMP seat was thus not filled. 373: 4332: 4257: 4234: 4207: 4184: 4165: 4147: 2319: 140: 894:

Before 1 April 2017, NCMPs could engage in debate in Parliament and were allowed to vote on all bills except the following:

4491: 3830: 2178: 2130: 1863: 1273: 739: 551: 137: 4474: 2938: 1912: 1296: 393: 344: 4574: 4274: 2693: 4629: 4496: 4342: 4337: 2095: 2049: 2037: 1973: 1907: 1838: 1800: 1761: 1722: 1688: 1667: 1634: 1572: 1547: 1523: 1499: 1475: 1450: 1425: 1400: 1375: 1319: 1284: 1245: 1230: 1215: 1211: 1204: 1189: 1165: 1082: 1063: 1044: 1025: 875: 853: 835: 711: 668: 633: 3773:

Eventually enacted as the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2010 (), archived from

902: 3309: 3059: 838:. Low said he would not accept an NCMP seat if offered one. The situation did not arise as Low was re-elected to 193: 122: 2567: 1115:

expressed doubts as to whether the NCMP scheme had served to raise the level of debate in Parliament, while NMP

4506: 4479: 2925: 2500: 2487: 2446: 2168: 2087: 1858: 1790: 1712: 1657: 1108: 883: 823: 704: 696: 684: 661: 618: 386: 349: 25: 2461:"PM Lee Hsien Loong: NCMPs to get equal voting rights as MPs; opposition MPs to increase from 9 to 12 next GE" 4433: 2977:

Thio Li-ann (1993), "The Post-colonial Constitutional Evolution of the Singapore Legislature: A Case Study",

2504: 2029: 1751: 1312: 1288: 1269: 1223: 626: 180: 144: 2337:

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 1984 (No. 16 of 1984), in force on 10 August 1984.

1168:, the first held after the NCMP scheme was introduced, as the opposition MPs J. B. Jeyaretnam of the WP and 963: 4547: 4534: 1951: 1887: 1813: 1774: 1735: 874:

Opposition members who qualify to become NCMPs are allowed to reject their seats in Parliament. During the

286: 258: 159: 2244: 2040:. An NCMP from 2001, he did not do well enough at the polls to be elected to Parliament or remain an NCMP. 767: 4611: 4428: 3992: 3894: 2723: 2654: 2522: 2486:

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2016 (Commencement) Notification 2017 (

1828: 1697: 1680: 1643: 1626: 1445:

Only election to date with no NCMPs offered (number of oppositions-elect (4) exceeds NCMP's maximum (3))

1253: 967: 909:

to amend a supply bill, supplementary supply bill or final supply bill. (These are bills authorizing the

848: 788: 751: 649: 590: 214: 167: 3316:"Returning Officer names WP Chairman Sylvia Lim as Non-Constituency MP". Channel NewsAsia. 13 May 2006. 3105:

Osman, Ahmad (5 January 1985). "WP says 'no' to non-elected seat offer: SUF and Barisan show interest".

4661: 4564: 4542: 4400: 2355:

Parliamentary Elections Act (Cap. 218 , 2007 Rev. Ed.) ("PEA (2007 Rev. Ed.)"), s. 52(1).

1173: 578: 274: 266: 3952: 3931: 3898: 3871: 3834: 3804: 3754: 3734: 3711: 3691: 3674: 3657: 3627: 3265: 3185: 3024: 2960: 2897: 2727: 4559: 4484: 4352: 4297: 3972: 3186:

Mr Francis Seow Tiang Siew (Disqualification as Non-Constituency Member) (Announcement by Mr Speaker)

2743:

Lee, speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill,

2269: 989: 747: 543: 324: 78: 65: 1107:

The NCMP scheme has been the subject of criticism, both within the PAP and among opposition MPs and

800:

They must be able to speak, read and write in at least one of the four official languages (English,

4249: 4065: 1965: 1339: 974: 723: 602: 586: 566: 226: 129: 114: 3835:

speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill

2961:

speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill

2728:

speech during the Second Reading of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill

878:, several opposition leaders stated that they would not want to accept NCMP seats. Among them was 4595: 4590: 4552: 4459: 4410: 4139: 4085:

Tan, Kevin Yew Lee (1992). "Constitutional Implications of the 1991 Singapore General Election".

4024:(1993). "The Post-colonial Constitutional Evolution of the Singapore Legislature: A Case Study". 2383:

By the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2010 (), archived from

2173: 924: 910: 743: 547: 452: 318: 99: 91: 57: 2387:

on 7 April 2017 and the Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Act 2010 (), archived from

4469: 4454: 4418: 2366:

Pang Gek Choo (4 January 1997), "Non-constituency MP scheme – mere trickery or genuine offer",

2065: 986: 868: 857: 759: 469: 337: 205: 201: 188: 4069: 3901: 3854: 3807: 3714: 3580: 3553: 3526: 3495: 3464: 3433: 3402: 3371: 3027: 2929: 2900: 2867: 2840: 2813: 2786: 4033: 2986: 2218: 2110: 1141: 671:

brought in three different NCMPs into Parliament which only consists of one political party:

34: 4266: 3266:

Seat of Non-constituency Member of Parliament Mr J B Jeyaretnam (Announcement by Mr Speaker)

2021: 4423: 3990:

Tey, Tsun Hang (December 2008). "Singapore's Electoral System: Government by the People?".

3522: 3491: 3460: 3429: 3398: 3367: 2782: 2163: 1346:. They were subsequently declared elected as the next NCMPs in Parliament on 16 July 2020. 856:("GRC") and no more than one NCMP from an electoral division that is not a GRC (that is, a 763: 235: 2346:

Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Act 1984 (No. 22 of 1984), in force on 22 August 1984.

152: 8: 2053: 906: 2064:

In 2003, Chia mooted the idea that Singaporeans should be able to borrow from their own

4219: 4009: 3008:

Thio, "The Post-colonial Constitutional Evolution of the Singapore Legislature", p. 98.

2539: 2126: 2033: 934:

With effect from that date, they were conferred the same voting rights as elected MPs.

582: 714:

brought in two different NCMPs into Parliament which consists of one political party:

424: 4253: 4230: 4203: 4180: 4161: 4143: 4029: 4013: 4005: 3196: 2982: 2634:

Zakir Hussain (12 April 2011), "NCMP seats: Opposition candidates divided on issue",

2543: 2535: 2465: 2368: 2315: 2072: 831: 1196:

were declared elected as NCMPs on 16 September 1988. However, on 9 January 1989 the

4001: 3055: 2956: 2531: 2197:

Jeyaretnam lost his seat with the effect of 23 July 2001 due to him being bankrupt.

1703: 982: 805: 688: 610: 367: 73: 589:

had won all parliamentary seats in the four general elections since independence,

577:

The NCMP scheme was introduced in 1984, and was a significant modification of the

2762: 1152: 827: 734:

A Non-constituency Member of Parliament ("NCMP") is a candidate of an opposition

277: 2445:

By the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Act 2016 (

2301: 774:

to 12 NCMPs after a general election was brought into effect on 2 January 2019.

2909: 1343: 1327: 1323: 1169: 1145: 879: 809: 801: 641: 476: 457: 299: 294: 125: 110: 852:

electoral division. In addition, there can be no more than two NCMPs from one

4655: 3826: 3604:"ELECTION OF NON-CONSTITUENCY MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT IN GENERAL ELECTION 2020" 3177: 3162:(18 September 1988). "How the non-constituency MP scheme can cut both ways". 2517: 2146: 2133: 2099: 1957: 1850: 1649: 1331: 1291:

again won six seats, so three NCMP seats were offered. They were taken up by

1261: 1200: 1192:

at which Chiam See Tong was the only opposition MP elected. The WP's Lee and

1185: 715: 699:

but she declined and the seat was eventually accepted by Associate Professor

657: 606: 558: 507: 437: 222: 2520:(December 2008). "Singapore's Electoral System: Government by the People?". 43: 3890: 3219:

if fewer than four opposition members are elected outright into Parliament.

3159: 2921: 2719: 1238: 1193: 1116: 970: 947: 593: 304: 1567:

One candidate who was offered a post eventually declined and was replaced

4098: 4021: 3074:

Elgin Teo (13 April 2011). "NCMPs add to voices in Parliament, says PM".

2303: 2141:

sentencing. The bill eventually incorporated several of her suggestions.

2057: 1919: 1870: 1300: 1265: 692: 676: 653: 309: 636:

brought three NCMPs into Parliament from 2 different political parties:

4199: 4053: 3707: 3623: 3020: 2679: 2566:

For the disqualifications set out in Art. 45 of the Constitution, see "

2311: 2105: 2091: 2045: 2025: 1934: 1893: 1780: 1741: 1304: 1292: 1234: 1219: 1137: 917: 819: 700: 680: 672: 622: 614: 3976: 2273: 3983: 3918: 3858: 3791: 2889: 2289: 1985: 1335: 1112: 719: 562: 539: 441: 2652:

Teo Xuanwei (24 March 2011), "Low Thia Kiang: No NCMP seat for me",

546:

and Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a

3306:"Singapore's Workers' Party names chairman Sylvia Lim as next NCMP" 3289:

Sivakkumaran, G. (6 November 2001). "Steve Chia ready to be NCMP".

3120:

Low Mei Mei (12 March 1985). "SUF chairman rejects offer of seat".

1819: 1249: 958:, defended the NCMP scheme as important for Singapore's development 815:

They must not be disqualified under Article 45 of the Constitution.

637: 550:(MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a 797:

They must have been residents of Singapore for at least ten years.

4244:

Thio, Li-ann (2012). "The Legislature and the Electoral System".

4179:(rev. ed.). Singapore: Talisman Publishing. pp. 33–60. 2697: 1998: 1237:, Chairman of the Workers' Party, garnered 43.9% of the votes in 3051:

Parliament amends Constitution to change NCMP & NMP schemes

942: 2499:

By the Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Act 2018 (

4296: 2615:

Singapore Constitution, Art. 61 and the 1st Schedule, Form 3.

4160:. Singapore: Parliament of the Republic of Singapore. 1997. 429: 3212:"Some surprise faces among top losers in opposition camp". 3808:

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill

3028:

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill

2901:

Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill

2219:"Here's How Much Our Members of Parliament (MPs) Are Paid" 2052:

stating that "this House ... (1) supports the new JC [

794:

Their names must appear in a current register of electors.

2449:), s. 25, amending Art. 39 of the Constitution. 517: 4194:

Tan, Kevin Y L; Thio, Li-ann (2010). "The Legislature".

3959:(7 March 2011), vol. 87, no column numbers assigned yet. 3938:(7 March 2011), vol. 87, no column numbers assigned yet. 2694:"Lee Kuan Yew, Goh Chok Tong appointed Senior Advisors" 2122:

who make up 2% of the adult population under 60 years.

1248:, three NCMP seats were offered. They were taken up by 1151:

In 2011 during a live television forum, Prime Minister

4103:

Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law

3853:

Enacted as the Criminal Procedure Code 2010 (

2119:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

569:, both of whom were declared elected on 16 July 2020. 4308:

Text of the Constitution at Singapore Statutes Online

2943:

The Straits Times (reproduced on the AsiaOne website)

2760:"Lee warns voters against swing to the opposition". 2407:

The Straits Times (reproduced on the website of the

1184:

The first NCMP to take up a seat in Parliament, Dr.

3579:. Elections Department. 7 June 2012. Archived from 3552:. Elections Department. 7 June 2012. Archived from 2866:. Elections Department. 7 June 2012. Archived from 2839:. Elections Department. 7 June 2012. Archived from 2812:. Elections Department. 7 June 2012. Archived from 4672:Singaporean Non-constituency Members of Parliament 4641:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal 4218: 3643:Chia, "Junior College/Upper Secondary education", 2967:(24 July 1989), vol. 44, cols. 1754 and 1757–1758. 2936:(27 April 2010), vol. 87, cols. 307–310; see also 4217:Thio, Li-ann (1995). "Government and the State". 4175:Tan, Kevin Y L (2011). "Making Law: Parliament". 2647: 2645: 2008: 4653: 4058:"The Singapore Legal System: §5 The Legislature" 3957:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3936:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3906:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3876:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3839:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3812:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3759:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3739:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3719:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3696:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3679:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3662:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3645:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3632:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3270:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3190:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 3032:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 2965:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 2934:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 2905:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 2745:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 2732:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 1470:One NCMP resigned and did not serve a full term 3231:"Jeyaretnam says 'yes' to offer of NCMP seat". 2928:), speech during the Second Reading of the 2391:on 27 April 2014, both in force on 1 July 2010. 581:electoral system traditionally associated with 3308:. Channel NewsAsia. 9 May 2006. Archived from 2642: 2403:"Some ministers had 'qualms' about more NCMPs" 2400: 956:Government of Singapore Investment Corporation 937: 4282: 3016: 3014: 2633: 2516: 2365: 601:in a general election by enabling the ruling 394: 4196:Constitutional Law in Malaysia and Singapore 3634:(27 November 2002), vol. 75, col. 1835–1840. 3288: 3194:"Francis Seow found guilty of tax charges", 3158: 2441: 2439: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2308:Constitutional Law in Malaysia and Singapore 4158:The Parliament of the Republic of Singapore 4134:Chan, Helena HM (1995). "The Legislature". 3119: 3047: 2976: 2651: 2458: 916:Any motion pertaining to a Bill to amend a 687:. A NCMP seat was offered to former MP for 4289: 4275: 4246:A Treatise on Singapore Constitutional Law 3274:"Jeya loses NCMP seat, Speaker declares". 3272:(25 July 2011), vol. 73, cols. 1822–1823; 3011: 1420:One NCMP was offered but was not sworn-in 401: 387: 4298:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore 4062:An Overview of the Singapore Legal System 3973:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore 3073: 2436: 2422: 2364:PEA (2007 Rev. Ed.), ss. 52(1) and (1A); 2270:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore 742:, is declared elected as a Member of the 4525:Presidential Council for Minority Rights 4177:An Introduction to Singapore's cite book 3681:(11 March 2003), vol. 76, cols. 361–362. 3664:(11 March 2003), vol. 76, cols. 343–344. 3628:Junior College/Upper Secondary Education 3200:, Singapore, p. 22, 28 October 1991 3192:(9 January 1989), vol. 52, cols. 10–11; 2930:Parliamentary Elections (Amendment) Bill 2734:(24 July 1984), vol. 44, cols. 1724–1726 2568:Parliament of Singapore – Qualifications 2082: 2020: 1995: 941: 818: 4225:. Singapore: Butterworths Asia for the 4193: 4113: 4052: 3899:speech during the Second Reading of the 3805:speech during the Second Reading of the 3715:Human Organ Transplant (Amendment) Bill 3712:speech during the Second Reading of the 3025:speech during the Second Reading of the 2970: 2898:speech during the Second Reading of the 1997:The names in bold are the individuals' 1258:Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency 754:(or electoral division) in Parliament. 646:Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency 4654: 3908:(19 May 2010), vol. 87, cols. 487–488. 3692:Proposal to Develop Integrated Resorts 3673:Ong Seh Hong (Aljunied GRC), " 3341:"Three NCMP candidates formally named" 3338: 1205:general election that followed in 1991 746:("MP") by virtue of provisions in the 4502:Non-constituency Member of Parliament 4270: 3984:Cap. 218, 2011 Rev. Ed. 3577:"2015 parliamentary election results" 3550:"2011 parliamentary election results" 3519:"2006 parliamentary election results" 3488:"2001 parliamentary election results" 3457:"1997 parliamentary election results" 3426:"1991 parliamentary election results" 3395:"1988 parliamentary election results" 3364:"1984 parliamentary election results" 3104: 3090:"Non-constituency MP: Nair elected". 2864:"1980 parliamentary election results" 2837:"1976 parliamentary election results" 2810:"1972 parliamentary election results" 2779:"1968 parliamentary election results" 2755: 2753: 2290:Cap. 218, 2011 Rev. Ed. 2284: 2282: 2245:"WP's Daniel Goh declared third NCMP" 930:Removal of the President from office. 889: 528:Non-constituency Member of Parliament 416:Non-constituency Member of Parliament 4243: 4216: 4133: 4097: 4020: 3919:Cap. 51, 2001 Rev. Ed. 3859:Cap. 68, 2012 Rev. Ed. 3792:Cap. 68, 2012 Rev. Ed. 3144:"Non-elected MP seat not taken up". 2179:Parliamentary elections in Singapore 16:MP without constituency in Singapore 4174: 4084: 3989: 3761:(11 March 2010), vol. 86, col. 3978 3741:(10 March 2010), vol. 86, col. 3709 3721:(24 March 2009), vol. 85, col. 3524 3698:(20 April 2005), vol. 83, col. 399. 3128:"SUF sends letter rejecting seat". 777: 729: 13: 4041: 4026:Singapore Journal of Legal Studies 3841:(26 April 2010), vol. 87, cols. 53 3814:(26 April 2010), vol. 87, cols. 53 3331:"Opposition trio named as NCMPs". 3264:Tan Soo Khoon (Speaker), " 3246:"WP's leader Jeya declared NCMP". 2979:Singapore Journal of Legal Studies 2750: 2279: 1687:No NCMP seats allotted during the 14: 4683: 4621:Special powers against subversion 4497:Group Representation Constituency 3982:Parliamentary Elections Act ( 3034:(26 April 2010), vol. 87, col. 53 2907:(26 April 2010), vol. 87, col. 53 2288:Parliamentary Elections Act ( 1633:NCMP seat not taken up after the 854:Group Representation Constituency 4006:10.1111/j.1748-121X.2008.00106.x 3878:(18 May 2010), vol. 87, col. 407 3829: (Deputy Prime Minister and 2557:Singapore Constitution, Art. 44. 2536:10.1111/j.1748-121X.2008.00106.x 2401:Chua Lee Hoong (22 April 2011), 1188:of the WP, did so following the 1159: 585:of government. Since the ruling 428: 423: 361: 151: 42: 4252:. pp. 285–359 at 304–308. 3977:1985 Rev. Ed., 1999 Reprint 3966: 3941: 3924: 3911: 3884: 3864: 3847: 3820: 3797: 3780: 3767: 3747: 3727: 3701: 3684: 3667: 3650: 3637: 3617: 3596: 3569: 3542: 3511: 3480: 3449: 3418: 3387: 3356: 3324: 3298: 3282: 3258: 3239: 3224: 3216:. Singapore. 1 September 1991. 3205: 3171: 3152: 3137: 3113: 3098: 3083: 3067: 3040: 3002: 2993: 2950: 2915: 2883: 2856: 2829: 2802: 2771: 2737: 2713: 2686: 2671: 2662: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2600: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2560: 2551: 2510: 2493: 2480: 2459:Lee Min Kok (27 January 2016), 2452: 2394: 2377: 2274:1985 Rev. Ed., 1999 Reprint 2191: 2150:supported by Penny Low, MP for 1109:Nominated Members of Parliament 994: 898:Amendments to the Constitution. 882:, the Secretary-General of the 534:) is a member of an opposition 4507:Nominated Member of Parliament 4056:; Chan, Gary (13 April 2009). 3953:Head K – Ministry of Education 3932:Head K – Ministry of Education 3917:Compulsory Education Act ( 3755:Head W – Ministry of Transport 3735:Head K – Ministry of Education 3647:(27 November 2002), col. 1840. 3250:. 16 January 1997. p. 2. 3094:. 25 December 1984. p. 1. 2768:, cited in Tey, p. 614, n. 22. 2766:. 24 December 1984. p. 1. 2358: 2349: 2340: 2331: 2295: 2263: 2237: 2211: 2169:Nominated Member of Parliament 2009:Notable issues raised by NCMPs 1367:No. of NCMP seats turned down 1311:. All three NCMPs were of the 1218:saw one NCMP seat occupied by 762:, acting on the advice of the 738:who, despite having lost in a 579:single-member simple-plurality 1: 4667:Singapore government policies 4136:The Legal System of Singapore 3525:. 7 June 2012. Archived from 3494:. 7 June 2012. Archived from 3463:. 7 June 2012. Archived from 3432:. 7 June 2012. Archived from 3401:. 7 June 2012. Archived from 3370:. 7 June 2012. Archived from 3235:. 11 January 1997. p. 3. 3048:Imelda Saad (26 April 2010), 2785:. 7 June 2012. Archived from 2204: 2078: 2030:Singapore Democratic Alliance 2016: 1752:Singapore Democratic Alliance 1662:16 September 1988 – 1224:Singapore Democratic Alliance 1102: 627:Singapore Democratic Alliance 4323:Exclusion of judicial review 3930:Sylvia Lim (NCMP), " 3902:Criminal Procedure Code Bill 3870:Sylvia Lim (NCMP), " 3786:The Singapore Constitution, 3753:Sylvia Lim (NCMP), " 3733:Sylvia Lim (NCMP), " 3690:Steve Chia (NCMP), " 3656:Steve Chia (NCMP), " 3347:. p. 10. Archived from 3132:. 17 March 1985. p. 11. 2036:during the hustings for the 7: 4612:Singaporean nationality law 4198:(3rd ed.). Singapore: 4046: 3803:Sylvia Lim (NCMP), 2314:, pp. 299–360 at 309, 2310:(3rd ed.), Singapore: 2306:(2010), "The Legislature", 2157: 1970:16 July 2020 –present 1756:5 November 2001 – 1717:14 January 1997 – 1617:General election contested 938:Reasons for the NCMP scheme 884:Workers' Party of Singapore 864:of elected opposition MPs. 215:Prime Minister of Singapore 10: 4688: 3339:Ramesh, S. (17 May 2011). 3278:. 26 July 2001. p. 4. 3148:. 15 May 1985. p. 12. 2747:(24 July 1984), col. 1726. 2048:supported a motion by the 1395:Both offers were declined 1361:No. of NCMP seats offered 1358:No. of opposition MPs won 1216:general election that year 1174:Singapore Democratic Party 954:and Senior Advisor to the 858:Single Member Constituency 572: 267:Supreme Court of Singapore 4638: 4620: 4604: 4583: 4533: 4515: 4447: 4409: 4351: 4315: 4304: 3831:Minister for Home Affairs 2131:Minister for Home Affairs 1977: 1972: 1969: 1964: 1949: 1926: 1906: 1901: 1885: 1857: 1837: 1832: 1811: 1685: 1631: 1599: 1352:Year of general election 1136:During the 2010 debates, 768:dissolution of Parliament 513: 503: 485: 481:Five years, non-renewable 475: 465: 451: 420: 415: 66:Constitution of Singapore 4516:The Presidential Council 4492:Leader of the Opposition 4333:Representative democracy 4127: 4066:Singapore Academy of Law 2184: 1966:Progress Singapore Party 1902:16 September 2015 – 1829:Singapore People's Party 1364:No. of NCMP seats taken 1342:, who had contested the 1340:Progress Singapore Party 1254:Singapore People's Party 946:The late Prime Minister 913:to expend public money.) 724:Progress Singapore Party 650:Singapore People's Party 567:Progress Singapore Party 557:The incumbent NCMPs are 138:Leader of the Opposition 24:This article is part of 4596:Singapore Legal Service 4591:Singapore Civil Service 3872:Criminal Procedure Code 3675:Annual Budget Statement 3658:Annual Budget Statement 2939:"NMP vs Minister, NCMP" 2624:PEA, ss. 53(1) and (2). 2409:Prime Minister's Office 2174:Parliament of Singapore 2071:With the advent of the 2044:In November 2002, NCMP 1943:29 February 2016 – 1795:11 May 2006 – 1620:Constituency contested 925:motion of no confidence 744:Parliament of Singapore 446:since 16 July 2020 2999:Tey Tsun Hang, p. 615. 2959: (Anson SMC), 2102: 2066:Central Provident Fund 2050:Minister for Education 2041: 1355:Max no. of NCMP seats 1179:Singapore United Front 1126: 1010:won by the opposition 966:of the NCMP bill, the 959: 843: 542:who, according to the 491:; 40 years ago 470:President of Singapore 345:Presidential elections 202:Tharman Shanmugaratnam 189:President of Singapore 4630:Internal Security Act 4575:Judicial independence 4353:Fundamental liberties 3949:Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC 2530:(4): 610–628 at 612. 2152:Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC 2096:2011 general election 2086: 2038:2006 general election 2024: 1689:1991 general election 1635:1984 general election 1320:2020 general election 1285:2015 general election 1246:2011 general election 1231:2006 general election 1212:1997 general election 1198:Speaker of Parliament 1190:1988 general election 1166:1984 general election 1142:politics in Singapore 1121: 975:People's Action Party 945: 876:2011 general election 836:2011 general election 822: 712:2020 general election 669:2015 general election 634:2011 general election 603:People's Action Party 587:People's Action Party 35:Politics of Singapore 4623:and emergency powers 4343:Separation of powers 4202:. pp. 299–360. 4087:Singapore Law Review 3523:Elections Department 3492:Elections Department 3461:Elections Department 3430:Elections Department 3399:Elections Department 3368:Elections Department 2783:Elections Department 2164:Member of Parliament 644:, the former MP for 548:Member of Parliament 368:Singapore portal 4518:for Minority Rights 4221:ASEAN Legal Systems 3855:No. 15 of 2010 3583:on 16 December 2017 3498:on 24 December 2017 2981:: 80–122 at 98–99, 2501:No. 41 of 2018 2447:No. 28 of 2016 2094:at a rally for the 1018:Number of seats won 1013:Number of seats won 1008:Percentage of votes 1003:Percentage of votes 849:electoral divisions 583:Westminster systems 489:22 August 1984 123:Leader of the House 4584:The Public Service 4316:General principles 4250:Academy Publishing 4142:. pp. 30–40. 4072:on 17 October 2010 3626: (NCMP), " 3556:on 19 January 2018 3529:on 17 January 2018 3467:on 8 February 2017 3436:on 8 February 2017 3405:on 18 October 2017 3374:on 8 February 2017 2606:PEA, s. 52(3B)(a). 2597:PEA, s. 52(3A)(c). 2588:PEA, s. 52(3A)(a). 2505:No. 2 of 2019 2127:video conferencing 2113:and profiteering. 2103: 2073:Integrated Resorts 2042: 2034:Choa Chu Kang Park 1833:16 May 2011 – 1386:1 (1 WP & SUF) 1020:by the opposition 985:won a seat in the 960: 927:in the Government. 890:Parliamentary role 844: 826:Secretary-General 789:Singapore citizens 4662:1984 in Singapore 4647: 4646: 4570:Judicial officers 4259:978-981-07-1515-1 4236:978-0-409-99802-3 4229:Law Association. 4209:978-981-236-795-2 4186:978-981-08-6456-9 4167:978-9971-88-567-0 4149:978-0-409-99789-7 4140:Butterworths Asia 4116:Malaya Law Review 3710: (NCMP), 3333:The Straits Times 3291:The Straits Times 3276:The Straits Times 3248:The Straits Times 3233:The Straits Times 3164:The Straits Times 3146:The Straits Times 3130:The Straits Times 3122:The Straits Times 3107:The Straits Times 3092:The Straits Times 3076:The Straits Times 3023: (NCMP), 2636:The Straits Times 2466:The Straits Times 2417:on 18 August 2011 2369:The Straits Times 2321:978-981-236-795-2 2251:. 5 February 2016 2249:The Straits Times 2006: 2005: 2002: 1767:Choa Chu Kang SMC 1614:Period in office 1595: 1594: 1100: 1099: 1000:general election 952:Tanjong Pagar GRC 869:returning officer 832:Serangoon Stadium 791:aged 21 or above. 524: 523: 411: 410: 350:General elections 4679: 4434:Attorney-General 4291: 4284: 4277: 4268: 4267: 4263: 4240: 4224: 4213: 4190: 4171: 4153: 4123: 4110: 4094: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4068:. Archived from 4037: 4017: 3960: 3945: 3939: 3928: 3922: 3915: 3909: 3895:Minister for Law 3888: 3882: 3868: 3862: 3851: 3845: 3824: 3818: 3801: 3795: 3784: 3778: 3777:on 7 April 2017. 3771: 3765: 3751: 3745: 3731: 3725: 3705: 3699: 3688: 3682: 3671: 3665: 3654: 3648: 3641: 3635: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3608: 3600: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3573: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3546: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3515: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3453: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3422: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3360: 3354: 3352: 3336: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3313: 3312:on 29 June 2011. 3302: 3296: 3294: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3214:The Sunday Times 3209: 3203: 3201: 3197:The Sunday Times 3175: 3169: 3167: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3141: 3135: 3133: 3125: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3071: 3065: 3063: 3062:on 29 April 2010 3058:, archived from 3056:Channel NewsAsia 3044: 3038: 3018: 3009: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2991: 2989: 2974: 2968: 2957:J. B. Jeyaretnam 2954: 2948: 2946: 2945:. 28 April 2010. 2919: 2913: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2860: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2833: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2806: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2775: 2769: 2767: 2757: 2748: 2741: 2735: 2717: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2690: 2684: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2658: 2649: 2640: 2638: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2571: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2514: 2508: 2497: 2491: 2484: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2456: 2450: 2443: 2434: 2431: 2420: 2418: 2413:, archived from 2398: 2392: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2299: 2293: 2286: 2277: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2215: 2198: 2195: 1996: 1844:Potong Pasir SMC 1611:Political party 1597: 1596: 1349: 1348: 1280:, respectively. 1272:, who contested 1256:, who contested 995: 983:J. B. Jeyaretnam 950:, former MP for 905:pertaining to a 778:Becoming an NCMP 740:general election 730:Position of NCMP 689:Punggol East SMC 611:J. B. Jeyaretnam 552:general election 499: 497: 492: 432: 427: 413: 412: 403: 396: 389: 366: 365: 364: 155: 46: 21: 20: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4652: 4651: 4648: 4643: 4634: 4622: 4616: 4600: 4579: 4548:Court of Appeal 4529: 4517: 4511: 4448:The Legislature 4443: 4405: 4347: 4311: 4300: 4295: 4260: 4237: 4210: 4187: 4168: 4156: 4150: 4130: 4075: 4073: 4049: 4044: 4042:Further reading 3969: 3964: 3963: 3947:Penny Low ( 3946: 3942: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3912: 3889: 3885: 3869: 3865: 3852: 3848: 3825: 3821: 3802: 3798: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3768: 3752: 3748: 3732: 3728: 3706: 3702: 3689: 3685: 3672: 3668: 3655: 3651: 3642: 3638: 3622: 3618: 3606: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3586: 3584: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3559: 3557: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3532: 3530: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3501: 3499: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3470: 3468: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3439: 3437: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3408: 3406: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3377: 3375: 3362: 3361: 3357: 3351:on 19 May 2011. 3330: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3287: 3283: 3273: 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1835:25 August 2015 1834: 1796: 1787: 1757: 1748: 1718: 1709: 1664:14 August 1991 1663: 1326:led the PSP in 1162: 1153:Lee Hsien Loong 1105: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1005:won by the PAP 1004: 999: 940: 892: 828:Low Thia Khiang 780: 736:political party 732: 575: 536:political party 520:28,900 annually 495: 493: 490: 460: 447: 445: 444: 440: 436: 433: 407: 378: 374:Other countries 362: 360: 355: 354: 340: 330: 329: 314: 287:Court of Appeal 282: 278:Sundaresh Menon 261: 251: 250: 232: 183: 173: 172: 164: 160:14th Parliament 94: 84: 83: 60: 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4685: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4632: 4626: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4539: 4537: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4521: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4429:Prime Minister 4426: 4421: 4415: 4413: 4411:The Government 4407: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4357: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4319: 4317: 4313: 4312: 4305: 4302: 4301: 4294: 4293: 4286: 4279: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4258: 4241: 4235: 4214: 4208: 4191: 4185: 4172: 4166: 4154: 4148: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4111: 4095: 4082: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4018: 4000:(4): 610–628. 3987: 3980: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3940: 3923: 3910: 3883: 3863: 3846: 3819: 3796: 3779: 3766: 3746: 3726: 3700: 3683: 3666: 3649: 3636: 3616: 3595: 3568: 3541: 3510: 3479: 3448: 3417: 3386: 3355: 3335:. 17 May 2011. 3323: 3297: 3281: 3257: 3238: 3223: 3204: 3170: 3151: 3136: 3112: 3097: 3082: 3066: 3039: 3010: 3001: 2992: 2969: 2949: 2914: 2882: 2870:on 3 July 2017 2855: 2843:on 3 July 2017 2828: 2816:on 3 July 2017 2801: 2789:on 3 July 2017 2770: 2749: 2736: 2724:Prime Minister 2712: 2685: 2670: 2661: 2641: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2581: 2579:PEA, s. 52(3). 2572: 2559: 2550: 2509: 2492: 2479: 2451: 2435: 2433:PEA, s. 52(1). 2421: 2393: 2376: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2330: 2320: 2294: 2278: 2262: 2236: 2223:blog.seedly.sg 2209: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2189: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2159: 2156: 2088:Workers' Party 2080: 2077: 2054:junior college 2018: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1993: 1992: 1982: 1981: 1979:West Coast GRC 1976: 1971: 1968: 1963: 1955: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1931: 1930: 1928:East Coast GRC 1925: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1891: 1883: 1882: 1880:East Coast GRC 1877: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1859:Workers' Party 1856: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1817: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1797:19 April 2011 1793: 1791:Workers' Party 1788: 1778: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1758:20 April 2006 1754: 1749: 1739: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1713:Workers' Party 1710: 1701: 1693: 1692: 1684: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1658:Workers' Party 1655: 1647: 1639: 1638: 1630: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1600:List of NCMPs 1593: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1534:3 (2 WP 1 SPP) 1532: 1529: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1507:2 (1 SDA 1 WP) 1505: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1483:2 (1 SDA 1 WP) 1481: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1458:2 (1 SPP 1 WP) 1456: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1433:4 (3 SDP 1 WP) 1431: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1383:2 (1 WP 1 SDP) 1381: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1344:West Coast GRC 1328:West Coast GRC 1324:Tan Cheng Bock 1313:Worker's Party 1309:East Coast GRC 1289:Worker's Party 1278:East Coast GRC 1270:Worker's Party 1170:Chiam See Tong 1161: 1158: 1146:gerrymandering 1104: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 968:Prime Minister 964:Second Reading 939: 936: 932: 931: 928: 921: 914: 899: 891: 888: 880:Low Thia Kiang 830:at a rally at 824:Workers' Party 817: 816: 813: 798: 795: 792: 779: 776: 731: 728: 705:Worker's Party 703:also from the 697:Worker's Party 685:Worker's Party 662:Workers' Party 642:Chiam See Tong 619:Workers' Party 591:Prime Minister 574: 571: 522: 521: 515: 511: 510: 505: 501: 500: 487: 483: 482: 479: 473: 472: 467: 463: 462: 458:The Honourable 455: 449: 448: 434: 422: 421: 418: 417: 409: 408: 406: 405: 398: 391: 383: 380: 379: 377: 376: 370: 357: 356: 353: 352: 347: 341: 336: 335: 332: 331: 328: 327: 322: 313: 312: 307: 302: 297: 291: 290: 281: 280: 271: 270: 262: 257: 256: 253: 252: 249: 248: 243: 238: 231: 230: 219: 218: 210: 209: 198: 197: 184: 179: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 168:Constituencies 163: 162: 149: 148: 134: 133: 126:Indranee Rajah 119: 118: 111:Seah Kian Peng 104: 103: 95: 90: 89: 86: 85: 82: 81: 76: 70: 69: 61: 56: 55: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 33: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4684: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4650: 4642: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4565:Chief Justice 4563: 4561: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4545: 4544: 4543:Supreme Court 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4535:The Judiciary 4532: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4401:Right to vote 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4309: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4287: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4273: 4272: 4269: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4248:. Singapore: 4247: 4242: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4223: 4222: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4169: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4141: 4138:. Singapore: 4137: 4132: 4131: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4083: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3993:Legal Studies 3988: 3985: 3981: 3978: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3944: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3920: 3914: 3907: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3827:Wong Kan Seng 3823: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3793: 3789: 3783: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3693: 3687: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3612: 3605: 3599: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3555: 3551: 3545: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3334: 3327: 3320: 3311: 3307: 3301: 3292: 3285: 3277: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3234: 3227: 3220: 3215: 3208: 3199: 3198: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3178:Tan Soo Khoon 3174: 3166:. p. 22. 3165: 3161: 3155: 3147: 3140: 3131: 3124:. p. 36. 3123: 3116: 3108: 3101: 3093: 3086: 3077: 3070: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3052: 3043: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3005: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2765: 2764: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2740: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2700:. 18 May 2011 2699: 2695: 2689: 2682: 2681: 2674: 2665: 2657: 2656: 2648: 2646: 2637: 2630: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2576: 2569: 2563: 2554: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2523:Legal Studies 2519: 2518:Tey Tsun Hang 2513: 2506: 2502: 2496: 2489: 2483: 2468: 2467: 2462: 2455: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2404: 2397: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2371: 2370: 2361: 2352: 2343: 2334: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2298: 2291: 2285: 2283: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2225:. 3 June 2020 2224: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2194: 2190: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2155: 2153: 2148: 2147:special needs 2142: 2138: 2135: 2134:Wong Kan Seng 2132: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2111:organ trading 2107: 2101: 2100:Bedok Stadium 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2067: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2014: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1980: 1975: 1967: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1945:23 June 2020 1942: 1940: 1938: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1924: 1923: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1904:23 June 2020 1899: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1864:Joo Chiat SMC 1862: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1728:Cheng San GRC 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719:23 July 2001 1716: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1603: 1598: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:Leong Mun Wai 1329: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1307:, who ran in 1306: 1302: 1298: 1295:, who ran in 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1274:Joo Chiat SMC 1271: 1267: 1263: 1262:Yee Jenn Jong 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1201:Tan Soo Khoon 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186:Lee Siew Choh 1182: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1160:List of NCMPs 1157: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 996: 993: 991: 988: 984: 978: 976: 972: 969: 965: 957: 953: 949: 944: 935: 929: 926: 922: 919: 915: 912: 908: 904: 900: 897: 896: 895: 887: 885: 881: 877: 872: 870: 865: 861: 859: 855: 850: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 814: 811: 807: 803: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787:They must be 786: 785: 784: 775: 771: 769: 765: 761: 755: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 727: 725: 721: 717: 716:Leong Mun Wai 713: 708: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 665: 663: 659: 658:Yee Jenn Jong 655: 651: 647: 643: 640:(the wife of 639: 635: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 607:Lee Siew-Choh 604: 598: 595: 592: 588: 584: 580: 570: 568: 564: 560: 559:Leong Mun Wai 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 519: 516: 512: 509: 508:Lee Siew Choh 506: 502: 488: 484: 480: 478: 474: 471: 468: 464: 459: 456: 454: 450: 443: 439: 438:Leong Mun Wai 431: 426: 419: 414: 404: 399: 397: 392: 390: 385: 384: 382: 381: 375: 372: 371: 369: 359: 358: 351: 348: 346: 343: 342: 339: 334: 333: 326: 323: 321: 320: 316: 315: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 289: 288: 284: 283: 279: 276: 275:Chief Justice 273: 272: 269: 268: 264: 263: 260: 255: 254: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 233: 228: 224: 223:Lawrence Wong 221: 220: 217: 216: 212: 211: 207: 203: 200: 199: 195: 191: 190: 186: 185: 182: 177: 176: 169: 166: 165: 161: 158: 157: 156: 154: 146: 142: 139: 136: 135: 131: 127: 124: 121: 120: 116: 112: 109: 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Retrieved 4070:the original 4061: 4025: 4022:Thio, Li-ann 3997: 3991: 3967:Bibliography 3956: 3943: 3935: 3926: 3913: 3905: 3891:K. Shanmugam 3886: 3879: 3875: 3866: 3849: 3842: 3838: 3822: 3815: 3811: 3799: 3782: 3775:the original 3769: 3762: 3758: 3749: 3742: 3738: 3729: 3722: 3718: 3703: 3695: 3686: 3678: 3669: 3661: 3652: 3644: 3639: 3631: 3619: 3610: 3598: 3585:. Retrieved 3581:the original 3571: 3558:. Retrieved 3554:the original 3544: 3531:. Retrieved 3527:the original 3513: 3500:. Retrieved 3496:the original 3482: 3469:. Retrieved 3465:the original 3451: 3438:. Retrieved 3434:the original 3420: 3407:. Retrieved 3403:the original 3389: 3376:. Retrieved 3372:the original 3358: 3349:the original 3344: 3332: 3326: 3317: 3310:the original 3300: 3293:. p. 6. 3290: 3284: 3275: 3269: 3260: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3232: 3226: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3195: 3189: 3173: 3163: 3160:Tan Tarn How 3154: 3145: 3139: 3129: 3121: 3115: 3109:. p. 1. 3106: 3100: 3091: 3085: 3075: 3069: 3060:the original 3050: 3042: 3035: 3031: 3004: 2995: 2978: 2972: 2964: 2952: 2942: 2933: 2922:Calvin Cheng 2917: 2908: 2904: 2894:Hong Kah GRC 2885: 2872:. Retrieved 2868:the original 2858: 2845:. Retrieved 2841:the original 2831: 2818:. Retrieved 2814:the original 2804: 2791:. Retrieved 2787:the original 2773: 2761: 2744: 2739: 2731: 2720:Lee Kuan Yew 2715: 2702:. Retrieved 2688: 2678: 2673: 2664: 2653: 2635: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2562: 2553: 2527: 2521: 2512: 2495: 2482: 2470:, retrieved 2464: 2454: 2415:the original 2406: 2396: 2389:the original 2385:the original 2379: 2372:, p. 35 2367: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2333: 2325: 2307: 2297: 2265: 2253:. 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