1701:
113:
1711:
1686:. Some of the other earlier known Malay writers include Tuan Simi and Masuri S. N. Singaporean Malay literary works were similar to its Malaysian counterpart before the early 1970s. Many early pioneers of Singaporean literature in Malay relocated to Malaysia before Singapore became independent as they wanted to be part of the larger Malay community in Malaysia due to the common language in writing. By the 1970s, due to the difference in governance between Singapore and Malaysia, literary works in Malay between the 2 countries became more distinguishable, with Singapore literature in Malay revolving around the themes of freedom, authenticity, and criticality.
1024:
1273:
1532:
284:
4884:
206:
1451:
450:
4896:
302:
4932:
226:
378:
4944:
246:
340:
952:, China, India and other parts of Asia, Singapore's population had reached nearly 100,000, with over half of them being Chinese. Many of these early migrants were predominantly male and they would usually return to their home countries after they had earned enough money. By the early to mid twentieth century, an increasingly significant number of migrant workers chose to stay permanently, with their descendants forming the bulk of Singapore's population today.
322:
3795:
4852:
266:
99:
4920:
186:
576:
522:
468:
558:
486:
540:
414:
504:
432:
1721:
4908:
396:
358:
1567:. However, under the British colonial government, English gained prestige as the language of administration, law and business in Singapore, and eventually displaced Bazar Malay as the bridging language among the population. As government administration increased, infrastructure and commerce developed, and access to education further catalysed the spread of English among Singaporeans.
2581:
945:
becoming a
British settlement, a large number of Chinese migrants also started to settle on the island. In 1825, the population of the island had passed the ten thousand mark and by the census of 1826, there were more Chinese with a population of 6,088, as compared to 4,790 Malays excluding the Bugis and Javanese.
1135:
make up 7.4%, and residents of other descent make up 1.6% of the 3,498,200 of the resident population (excluding persons holding
Permanent Residency). To avoid physical racial segregation and formation of ethnic enclaves common in other multi-racial societies, the Singapore government implemented the
1407:
Former Prime
Ministers of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew and Goh Chok Tong, have stated that Singapore does not fit the traditional description of a nation, calling it a society-in-transition, pointing out the fact that Singaporeans do not all speak the same language, share the same religion, nor have the
1639:
Singaporean literature consists of literary works that is written in either of the 4 official languages. Although these works may be considered as literature works to their specific languages, they are also viewed as a distinct body of literature portraying various aspects of
Singapore society and
3319:
1485:
in the country. Hawker stalls first began around mid 1800s and were largely made up of street food stalls selling a huge variety of foods. From 1971 to 1986, the government moved thousands of hawkers off the streets into cleaner and better hawker centre facilities. In 2020, the hawker culture in
944:
traders flocked to the island, due to the Dutch trading restrictions. After six months of
Singapore's founding as a free port, the population increased to 5,000, with the first census of 1824 showing that 6,505 out of the 10,683 total were Malays and Bugis settlers. Within the first few months of
1736:
Singapore is the world's most religiously diverse nation, with
Singaporeans following various religious beliefs and practices due to the country's diverse ethnic and cultural mix. The Inter-Religious Organisation, Singapore (IRO) recognises 10 major religions being practiced in the city state.
1461:
has been largely influenced by different cultures because of its position as an international shipping port since its founding as a
British port in 1819. The main influences on Singaporean cuisine came from Chinese, Malay and Indian cuisines, similar to the ethnic makeup of Singaporeans. It is
793:, 49% of Singaporeans identify with both the Singaporean identity and their ethnic identity equally, while 35% would identify as "Singaporeans" first and 14.2% would identify with their ethnic identity. As of 2019, the population of Singaporeans stands at 4,026,200 and the population of
1620:
spoken by
Singaporeans today. It is the main language of instruction in all school subjects except for Mother Tongue lessons and also the common language of administration, law and business. In 2009, more than 20 languages were identified as being spoken in Singapore, reflecting a rich
3327:
975:
to form
Malaysia. However, about two years after the merger, Singapore seceded from Malaysia on August 9, 1965, and Malaysian citizenship was withdrawn from Singaporean citizens. Singaporean nationality law was incorporated into the new
1368:
prohibits discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religion, denomination, descent, and place of birth. The state thus promotes the cultural diversity of multiculturalism and multiracialism, instead of a single cultural assimilation.
3636:
751:, who opened it to free trade and free immigration on the island's south coast. Many immigrants from the region settled in Singapore. By 1827, the population of the island was composed of people from various ethnic groups².
1147:
and to remember the consequences of racial disharmony the country experienced during the 1964 racial riots, which were a series of riots that resulted in a total of 36 deaths and 560 others suffered severe injuries.
3717:
1175:
are classified under the
Chinese ethnic group are two examples of the classification of race and ethnicity in Singapore. Other foreign communities in the country or Singaporeans of other ethnic origins includes the
2722:
Singapore Malay community leaders estimated that some 50 to 60 percent of the community traced their origins to Java and an additional 15 to 20 percent to Bawean Island, in the Java Sea north of the city of
2208:
Singaporean variants of Chinese, Malay, Indian and Eurasian cultures, and a growing Singaporean identity that we all share, suffusing and linking up our distinct individual identities and ethnic cultures.
3505:
782:
descent. The Singaporean identity was fostered as a way for these different groups to integrate and identify as one with the nation, while preserving the culture and traditions of each group without
1682:
Singaporean literature in Malay can be traced back to 1841. One of the earlier known works of Singaporean literature in Malay was written by Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir, a Malay scribe, with his work
2640:
2398:
In 1811, a band of about one hundred Malays from Johor, led by the Temenggong who was an officer of the Sultan of Johor, migrated down southwards and settled on the banks of the Singapore River.
2304:
810:
The earliest records of settlement on the island date back to the 2nd century, where the island was identified as a trading port which was part of a chain of similar trading centres that linked
1978:
This number includes Singaporean citizens and people of Singaporean descent who renounced their citizenship, statistics of overseas Singaporeans retaining their citizenship stands at 217,200.
1594:
of the country and is the home language to 13% of the population. Although most of the younger generation of non-Malay people are non-proficient in the Malay language, Malay is used in the
3647:
4841:
3671:
1543:
gave rise to an influx of foreign traders, and their languages were slowly embedded in Singapore's modern day linguistic repertoire. With the influx of traders into Singapore,
3714:
980:. The constitution repealed the 1957 Ordinance, and all persons who were citizens as of 16 September 1963 by virtue of the Ordinance continued to be Singaporean citizens.
3092:
873:
of the new state. After the fall of the kingdom in 1398, the island fell under the suzerainty of various regional empires and Malayan sultanates until its destruction by
3867:
2839:
Our aim is integration, not assimilation. No race or culture in Singapore is coerced into conforming with other cultures or identities, let alone that of the majority.
959:, British citizens who had been resident for two years, and others who had been resident for ten years. On September 16, 1963, all Singaporeans effectively became
4834:
3706:
3161:
2785:"Irreducible Plurality, Indivisible Unity: Singapore Relational Constitutionalism and Cultivating Harmony Through Constructing a Constitutional Civil Religion"
2224:
2120:
By legal definition the Singaporean is a citizen of Singapore; By emotive definition, a Singaporean is a person by birth, upbringing or residence in Singapore
3497:
2641:"Speech by Mr Heng Swee Keat, Minister for Education, at the Racial Harmony Day Celebrations on Monday, 21 July 2014, at 9:20am at Elias Park Primary School"
2608:
2510:
1372:
About 70% of Singaporeans also identify with other ethnic cultures in Singapore, notably the Chinese, Malay and Indian cultures. Major festivals including
3549:
3217:
2644:
2266:
987:
is no longer granted. The government instead uses the constitutional provision for citizenship by registration to grant citizenship to resident aliens.
4827:
1136:"Ethnic Integration Policy" (EIP) in 1989 where each block of units are sold to families from ethnicities roughly comparable to the national average.
3443:
2761:
3020:
1800:. In addition, practice of hybrid religions is also common such as the incorporation of Taoism and Hindu traditions into Buddhism and vice versa.
744:
descent have made up the overwhelming majority of the population since the 19th century. The Singaporean diaspora is also far-reaching worldwide.
758:
society. It is home to people of many different ethnic, racial, religious, denominational, and national origins -- the majority of which are of
3678:
3571:
983:
Today, Singaporean citizenship is granted by birth, by descent, or by registration. Although provided for in the Constitution, citizenship by
955:
In 1957, Singapore attained self-governance and Singaporean citizenship was granted to selected residents who were born in Singapore or the
1139:
Today, the Chinese-Malay-Indian-Others (CMIO) model is the dominant organising framework of race in Singapore. The country also celebrates
858:
were found on these tombs and this may suggest that from 907 to 1274, some Chinese had settled, lived, died and were buried in Singapore.
920:
by Raffles in 1819, except for the Malays who are indigenous to the region of Malaya. At that time, Raffles decided Singapore would be a
2822:
2506:
1494:. Due to the affordability and wide variety that a hawker centre provides, Singaporeans prefer to dine out rather than cook after work.
4131:
3828:
3409:
1700:
1679:, Chandran Nair and Kirpal Singh were mostly focusing on poetry, which makes up most published works of Singapore writing in English.
1607:
1491:
1478:. However, it is unknown when these dishes arrived in Singapore, as historical records on them are largely scattered and inaccurate.
4325:
3953:
3882:
3190:
2625:
Tan, Eugene (2004). ""We, the Citizens of Singapore …": Multiethnicity, its Evolution and its Aberrations.". In Lai, Ah Eng (ed.).
4159:
2231:
790:
3474:
2008:
850:(南洋蠡測) (Nanyang Li Ce), it described the presence of Chinese tombs in Singapore. Words and inscriptions recording the period of
4555:
4270:
4080:
2826:
1647:
in colonial Singapore during the 1830s. Singaporean English literature first gained notability in 1937, with a poetry known as
2080:
4004:
3746:
2361:
1969:
This number excludes permanent residents of Singapore, while the statistics in the article includes the permanent residents.
3902:
2235:
1704:
916:
The majority of Singaporeans today are descendants of immigrants who settled on the island when Singapore was founded as a
129:
3117:
4969:
4501:
3841:
2950:
2411:
1714:
112:
2195:
1324:
cultures. This is reflected in the architectural styles of buildings in several distinct ethnic neighbourhoods, such as
4936:
2490:
2391:
1463:
236:
3933:
3782:
3764:
3703:
2708:
2336:
2113:
1201:
720:. Singapore is home to a people of a variety of ethno-racial-religious origins, with the city-state itself being a
4659:
4290:
4154:
4111:
3877:
2555:
2461:
1599:
1544:
4174:
4126:
3375:
2415:
1408:
same customs. Each Singaporean's behaviours and attitudes are influenced by, among other things, his or her home
3093:"UNESCO - Hawker culture in Singapore, community dining and culinary practices in a multicultural urban context"
2851:
2605:
892:
with small population of 120 Malays who were the followers of Temenggong Abdul Rahman, and about 20–30 Chinese.
4798:
4765:
4713:
4026:
3973:
3821:
3437:"Language Policies Impact on Language Maintenance and Teaching Focus on Malaysia Singapore and The Philippines"
2739:
1341:
1193:
2875:"Christian identities in Singapore: religion, race and culture between state controls and transnational flows"
4465:
4437:
4275:
4198:
4063:
2666:
Cheng, Adeline Low Hwee (2001). "The past in the present: Memories of the 1964 'racial riots' in Singapore".
880:
Prior to the arrival of Raffles, there were about a hundred indigenous Malays living on the island under the
4819:
4735:
4310:
4210:
4149:
3943:
3928:
3892:
3436:
1404:
which are celebrated by the different major racial and religious groups are designated as public holidays.
1267:
1144:
964:
851:
29:
3067:
2270:
1710:
4300:
4041:
3963:
3958:
3775:
Twentieth Century Impressions of British Malaya: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources
3166:
905:
831:
713:
1023:
4548:
4460:
3968:
3948:
3862:
3139:
2998:
2798:
1540:
2173:
4508:
4475:
4450:
4395:
4390:
4348:
4295:
4245:
4048:
4016:
3814:
1754:
1263:
1000:
977:
137:
22:
4924:
4803:
4781:
4683:
4634:
4385:
4116:
4009:
3857:
2976:
2440:
1272:
1177:
1164:
911:
709:
196:
3593:
1659:'s work, Pulse, in the 1950. By 1965 when Singapore became an independent nation, authors such as
728:, multi-religious, multi-denominational, multi-lingual, and multi-ethnic country. Singaporeans of
4888:
4755:
4745:
4407:
4402:
4343:
4260:
4230:
4169:
4070:
4031:
3348:
Tan, P.K.W. (2014). Singapore's balancing act, from the perspective of the linguistic landscape.
1325:
1321:
1217:
1209:
968:
216:
4725:
4703:
4373:
4320:
4265:
4240:
4184:
4085:
4075:
4058:
4021:
3916:
3045:
1634:
1526:
1514:
1365:
1197:
1160:
1156:
1018:
779:
775:
741:
2480:
2103:
1531:
1412:
and his religion. Singaporeans who speak English as their native language tend to lean toward
1344:
that is primarily and understandably English with a local accent and smattering of words from
4948:
4912:
4900:
4644:
4541:
4417:
4368:
4305:
4121:
3992:
3978:
3897:
2514:
1769:
1746:
1742:
1695:
972:
783:
682:
368:
312:
256:
3413:
2381:
2326:
4869:
4750:
4740:
4708:
4584:
4494:
4335:
4315:
4255:
4225:
4179:
4099:
4036:
3938:
3849:
1622:
1364:
used by Singaporeans in an informal setting. Due to Singapore's diverse ethnic makeup, the
1329:
1257:
1213:
1205:
1124:
1062:
1028:
1006:
956:
901:
862:
855:
794:
759:
748:
729:
697:
604:
117:
2914:
Siddique, Sharon (1981). "Some Aspects of Malay-Muslim Ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia".
8:
4601:
4358:
4353:
4215:
4144:
3887:
3872:
2700:
1765:
1750:
1741:
have the highest number of adherents in Singapore, with 33% of the population practising
1458:
1445:
1132:
1092:
1036:
1014:
767:
737:
599:
133:
3498:"Work of lost Malayan poet Teo Poh Leng republished after 78 years thanks to ST article"
4760:
4664:
4596:
4517:
4422:
4412:
4363:
4280:
4235:
4220:
4164:
3259:
2931:
2896:
2789:
2482:
Contesting Space in Colonial Singapore: Power Relations and the Urban Built Environment
2152:
1758:
1140:
1128:
1077:
1032:
1010:
763:
733:
141:
125:
3388:
1450:
4808:
4698:
4589:
4572:
4455:
4445:
4378:
3778:
3760:
3742:
3466:
3263:
3162:"Dipping sauce and a little controversy: who knew chicken rice had such 'wow' factor"
2900:
2823:"PM Lee Hsien Loong at the Official Opening of the Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre"
2704:
2486:
2387:
2357:
2332:
2109:
1610:
1595:
1591:
1564:
1462:
believed that certain dishes that are part of Singaporean cuisine today predates the
1417:
1401:
1305:
996:
885:
874:
771:
121:
103:
3021:"CULINARY BIOGRAPHIES: CHARTING SINGAPORE'S HISTORY THROUGH COOKING AND CONSUMPTION"
4718:
4522:
4136:
4053:
3800:
3286:
3251:
3195:
2923:
2886:
2802:
2675:
2144:
1773:
1738:
1579:
1571:
1373:
1225:
1152:
839:
827:
755:
725:
71:
3550:""A New World Is Being Created": A Brief History of Malay Literature in Singapore"
888:. There were an estimated 150 people living on the island, who were predominantly
4730:
4654:
4250:
3721:
3710:
3255:
2694:
2612:
1552:
1506:
1433:
1421:
1413:
1353:
1289:
1245:
1168:
949:
941:
929:
881:
866:
4649:
2606:
HDB InfoWEB: Ethnic Integration Policy & SPR Quota : Selling Your Flat
1785:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1556:
1361:
1345:
1229:
1185:
984:
917:
811:
721:
677:
614:
609:
231:
85:
57:
2891:
2874:
2148:
4963:
4849:
4669:
4617:
2629:. Institute of Policy Studies and Eastern Universities Press. pp. 65–97.
1725:
1676:
1660:
1617:
1560:
1482:
1429:
1420:, while those who speak Chinese as their native language tend to lean toward
819:
251:
3290:
2679:
2537:
2627:
Beyond Rituals and Riots: Ethnic Pluralism and Social Cohesion in Singapore
2436:
1729:
1672:
1652:
1425:
1333:
1237:
937:
843:
835:
662:
637:
4627:
3527:
2135:
Saw Swee-Hock (March 1969). "Population Trends in Singapore, 1819–1967".
1656:
1502:
1393:
1377:
1357:
1293:
797:
stands at 340,751, with 217,200 individuals retaining their citizenship.
455:
383:
345:
3362:
2935:
2807:
2784:
2156:
140:) women, circa 1890. To promote racial harmony among the three races, a
1793:
1668:
1664:
1644:
1510:
1498:
1285:
960:
889:
823:
327:
3218:"A Brief History of Hainanese Chicken Rice, Singapore's National Dish"
4533:
4285:
3837:
3806:
1603:
1389:
1281:
1189:
1181:
1172:
933:
921:
717:
271:
211:
166:
3242:
Lee, C.L. (2013). "Saving Chinese-language education in Singapore".
2223:
Matthews, M.; Lim, L.; SHANTHINI, S.; Cheung, N. (1 November 2017).
1167:
are classified into broader ethnic groups under the CMIO model. The
98:
2927:
2724:
1732:
district, is the oldest and one of the largest mosque in Singapore.
1409:
1337:
1317:
1233:
652:
632:
191:
3868:
Founding of modern Singapore and early colonial period (1819–1826)
3777:, Repressed Publishing LLC, (originally first published in 1908),
1804:
Religions Practiced in Singapore, Statistics From 2010 & 2015
1517:
is also widely considered to be one of Singapore's national dish.
846:
in the 11th century. According to the 19th century Chinese record
4470:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1471:
1349:
1221:
672:
667:
657:
581:
527:
473:
419:
1720:
1602:
and military parade drill commands. Almost all Singaporeans are
4639:
3637:"Demographic Characteristics, Education, Language and Religion"
3389:"Epistemic modalities and the discourse particles of Singapore"
1487:
1397:
1381:
1301:
1297:
1241:
815:
647:
563:
509:
491:
437:
307:
3306:
English in Singapore and Malaysia: Status, features, functions
2852:"MM Lee says Singapore needs to do more to achieve nationhood"
2108:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 457.
4622:
3572:"Malay Literature in the Wave of Singapore's Cosmopolitanism"
1963:
1475:
1467:
1385:
1313:
1309:
925:
642:
545:
401:
363:
289:
3616:"Introducing Singapore's IRO – Inter-Religious Organisation"
3615:
2499:
2269:. National Institute of Education, Singapore. Archived from
924:
and as news of the free port spread across the archipelago,
1643:
Singaporean literature in English was first started by the
870:
49:
2951:"Bit of Malay Culture Is Now Vanishing Under Muslim Rules"
2222:
3068:"The History and Evolution of Singapore's Hawker Culture"
1784:. A small percentage of Singapore's population practices
1764:
Other prominent faiths practised by Singaporeans include
822:. The earliest settlers of the island were known as the
3664:
3118:"3 Reasons Why Singaporeans Aren't Eating at Home More"
2999:"Food Culture in Singapore, Eating Habits in Singapore"
2556:"Signing of the Malaysia Agreement - Singapore History"
2354:
Governing Singapore: democracy and national development
1481:
A large part of Singaporean cuisine centres around the
2267:"Records of Ancient Links between India and Singapore"
1640:
forms a significant part of the culture of Singapore.
1563:
of the island, which was the language of trade in the
865:, was founded in 1299 by a fleeing Srivijayan prince,
3696:
3629:
3361:
Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act (
2218:
2216:
3790:
3270:
2542:. Washington, D.C.: GPO for the Library of Congress.
2511:
Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts
2168:
2166:
1171:
are classified under the Malay ethnic group and the
21:
For information on the population of Singapore, see
2375:
2373:
2196:"Arts, culture and a distinct Singaporean identity"
2014:. Strategy Group Singapore, Prime Minister's Office
1039:
gather at a street corner in Singapore, circa 1900.
3434:
3277:Bao, Z.; Aye, K.K. (2010). "Bazaar Malay topics".
2213:
1428:. Malay-speaking Singaporeans tend to lean toward
786:minority cultures into a single majority culture.
747:In 1819, the port of Singapore was established by
28:"Singaporean" redirects here. For other uses, see
3672:"Census of Population 2010 Statistical Release 1"
3312:
2163:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
4961:
2478:
2386:(3rd ed.). ISEAS Publishing. pp. 7–8.
2370:
2225:"CNA-IPS SURVEY ON ETHNIC IDENTITY IN SINGAPORE"
3026:. ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute. 1 October 2020
1608:Singapore's bilingual language education policy
3464:
3350:Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 29
1992:
1753:, with 18.7% of the population identifying as
1570:Today, Singapore has four official languages,
1151:Singaporeans of other ethnicities notably the
884:. Most of the indigenous Malays came from the
4835:
4549:
3822:
3757:Culture and Customs of Singapore and Malaysia
3442:. University of Malaya Angel David Malaysia.
3237:
3235:
3191:"10 Best Restaurants of 2019: #4 Service Bar"
3046:"Hawker Culture in Singapore – Heritage Plan"
2379:
2345:
2134:
63:
3644:Singapore Census 2010, Statistical Release 1
2686:
2130:
2128:
1497:Some well-known Singaporean dishes includes
948:By 1871, due to the influx of migrants from
3883:British Military Administration (1945–1946)
3140:"Singapore Famous Local Food & Cuisine"
2740:"Debate over CMIO model as diversity grows"
2454:
1972:
990:
77:
4842:
4828:
4556:
4542:
3829:
3815:
3677:. Department of Statistics. Archived from
3495:
3489:
3342:
3320:"Official languages and national language"
3303:
3232:
2331:. Chinese University Press. p. viii.
1749:. Many Singaporeans are also adherents of
111:
97:
3324:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
2890:
2872:
2854:. Singapore: Channel NewsAsia. 5 May 2009
2806:
2125:
3893:Self-governance of Singapore (1955–1962)
3736:
2913:
2776:
2762:"Commentary: I am Peranakan not Chinese"
2409:
2291:
1719:
1709:
1699:
1530:
1449:
1271:
1022:
805:
144:has been observed every year since 1997.
3574:. Words Without Borders. 1 October 2016
826:, and the island was an outpost of the
4962:
4563:
4132:China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park
3836:
3772:
3279:Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages
3276:
3013:
2692:
2547:
2535:
2437:"Singapore – Founding and Early Years"
1466:in 1819, some of these dishes include
716:of the sovereign island city-state of
4823:
4537:
3810:
3363:Cap. 296, 1985 Rev. Ed.
2665:
2553:
2351:
2101:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
1796:and 0.9% of Singaporeans identify as
3508:from the original on 1 December 2018
3446:from the original on 5 November 2012
2782:
2618:
2536:Lepoer, Barbara Leitch, ed. (1989).
2462:"First Census of Singapore is Taken"
2236:Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2009:"2019 Singapore Population in Brief"
1890:Protestantism and other non-Catholic
1745:and 5% of the population practising
1705:Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum
1432:, which itself is closely linked to
861:A small Malay kingdom, known as the
160:Regions with significant populations
3754:
3244:Current Issues in Language Planning
3241:
3220:. The Culture Trip. 24 January 2017
2948:
2827:Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)
2764:. Channel News Asia. 7 October 2018
2624:
2324:
1304:cultures, with influences from the
895:
13:
3471:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
3308:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3304:Platt, John; Weber, Heidi (1980).
3188:
2659:
2544:, ch. 10 ("Road to Independence").
2137:Journal of Southeast Asian History
2081:"International migrant stock 2019"
789:According to a 2017 survey by the
14:
4981:
3739:Southeast Asia: A Concise History
3396:Approaches to Discourse Particles
3386:
2356:. Allen & Unwin. p. 96.
2026:
1792:. 18.5% not identifying with any
1048:Ethnic groups in Singapore (2021)
848:Investigation of Southern Pacific
4942:
4930:
4918:
4906:
4894:
4882:
4850:
4590:Peranakan / Straits-Born Chinese
3898:Merger with Malaysia (1962–1965)
3793:
3477:from the original on 25 May 2012
2977:"A history of Singapore cuisine"
2643:. MOE, Singapore. Archived from
2582:"Citizenship rules of Singapore"
2539:Singapore : A Country Study
2264:
2198:. The Straits Times. 22 May 2017
2102:Josey, Alex (15 February 2013).
1600:Singapore orders and decorations
1280:Singaporean culture is a mix of
754:Singapore is a multilingual and
574:
556:
538:
520:
502:
484:
466:
448:
430:
412:
394:
376:
356:
338:
320:
300:
282:
264:
244:
224:
204:
184:
3878:Japanese occupation (1942–1945)
3873:Straits Settlements (1826–1942)
3730:
3608:
3586:
3564:
3542:
3520:
3458:
3428:
3402:
3398:. Amsterdam: Elsevier: 244–263.
3387:Gupta, A.F. Fischer, K. (ed.).
3380:
3376:Language education in Singapore
3368:
3355:
3297:
3210:
3182:
3154:
3142:. Visit Singapore Official Site
3132:
3120:. Money Smart. 1 September 2015
3110:
3085:
3060:
3038:
2991:
2969:
2942:
2907:
2866:
2844:
2815:
2754:
2732:
2693:LePoer, Barbara Leitch (1991).
2668:Asian Journal of Social Science
2633:
2599:
2574:
2529:
2472:
2429:
2416:Ministry of Defence (Singapore)
2412:"1819 - The February Documents"
2403:
2318:
2297:
2285:
2258:
2105:Lee Kuan Yew: The Crucial Years
16:Nation and citizenship category
4799:Immigrant workers in Singapore
3888:Post-war Singapore (1946–1955)
3737:Heidhues, Mary Somers (2001),
3496:hermesauto (12 October 2015).
2507:"Founding of Modern Singapore"
2380:Saw Swee-Hock (30 June 2012).
2188:
2095:
1:
3704:2015 General Household Survey
2879:Journal of Cultural Geography
2783:Thio, Li-ann (October 2019).
2699:. Federal Research Division,
1985:
1628:
1541:roots as a trading settlement
1027:Men of various ethnicities -
3903:Republic of Singapore (1965–
3646:, p. 11, archived from
3596:. Pew Research. 4 April 2014
3594:"Global Religious Diversity"
3552:. Nomansland. 1 January 2021
3412:. Moe.gov.sg. Archived from
3256:10.1080/14664208.2012.754327
2410:Jenny Ng (7 February 1997).
1596:national anthem of Singapore
1559:and Chinese, emerged as the
1492:Intangible Cultural Heritage
1268:Public holidays in Singapore
1145:1964 race riots in Singapore
30:Singaporean (disambiguation)
7:
4326:Water supply and sanitation
3435:David, Maya Esther (2008).
2916:Contemporary Southeast Asia
2383:The Population of Singapore
2232:Institute of Policy Studies
1689:
1520:
906:Singaporean nationality law
800:
791:Institute of Policy Studies
10:
4986:
4970:Ethnic groups in Singapore
4271:National Courtesy Campaign
2873:B. H. Goh, Robbie (2009).
2799:Cambridge University Press
2696:Singapore, a country study
2485:. NUS Press. p. 317.
2176:. One World Nations Online
1693:
1632:
1606:since the introduction of
1598:and also in citations for
1524:
1443:
1439:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1004:
994:
909:
899:
27:
20:
4877:
4860:
4794:
4774:
4691:
4682:
4610:
4580:
4571:
4488:
4436:
4334:
4206:
4197:
4107:
4098:
4000:
3991:
3924:
3915:
3848:
3530:. poetry.sg. 11 June 2021
2892:10.1080/08873630802617135
2479:Brenda S.A. Yeoh (2003).
2149:10.1017/S0217781100004270
1843:Taoism and folk religion
1757:, and 14% identifying as
1264:Architecture of Singapore
1114:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1086:
1076:
1071:
1061:
1057:
1053:Ethnicity of Singaporeans
1052:
1047:
1001:Demographics of Singapore
978:Constitution of Singapore
869:, who was crowned as the
696:
691:
628:
623:
595:
590:
572:
554:
536:
518:
500:
482:
464:
446:
428:
410:
392:
374:
354:
336:
318:
298:
280:
262:
242:
222:
202:
182:
174:
164:
159:
154:
149:
110:
96:
78:
64:
45:
23:Demographics of Singapore
4804:Immigration to Singapore
4005:Administrative divisions
3863:Early history (pre–1819)
3858:Archaeology in Singapore
3467:"Languages of Singapore"
2615:. Retrieved 1 March 2015
2611:22 February 2015 at the
2562:. National Library Board
2441:U.S. Library of Congress
1956:
1486:Singapore was listed by
1127:ancestry make up 75.9%,
991:Racial and ethnic groups
912:Immigration to Singapore
79:சிங்கப்பூரர் Ciṅkappūrar
4170:Singapore Standard (SS)
3773:Wright, Arnold (2012),
3465:Lewis, M. Paul (2009).
3291:10.1075/jpcl.25.1.06bao
2680:10.1163/156853101X00181
2586:Government of Singapore
1728:, built in 1826 in the
1613:, however, remains the
1539:Singapore's historical
1276:Shophouses in Singapore
170:3,498,200 (2020 census)
4266:Long hair in Singapore
3702:Statistics Singapore:
2742:. Today. 8 August 2017
2174:"History of Singapore"
1733:
1717:
1707:
1635:Singaporean literature
1536:
1527:Languages of Singapore
1515:Hainanese chicken rice
1455:
1454:Hainanese chicken rice
1366:Singapore Constitution
1277:
1040:
1019:Eurasians in Singapore
963:as Malaya, Singapore,
50:
4635:Ceylonese/Sri Lankans
4155:Proposed developments
3741:, Hudson and Thames,
3528:"Wang Gungwu / Intro"
2560:eresources.nlb.gov.sg
1770:Chinese folk religion
1723:
1715:St Andrew's Cathedral
1713:
1703:
1696:Religion in Singapore
1534:
1453:
1444:Further information:
1275:
1026:
806:Indigenous population
795:Overseas Singaporeans
692:Related ethnic groups
683:Chinese folk religion
4870:Overseas Singaporean
4855:Singaporean diaspora
4585:Chinese Singaporeans
3934:Environmental issues
3720:9 April 2016 at the
3330:on 27 September 2007
1655:and was followed by
1623:linguistic diversity
1258:Culture of Singapore
1007:Chinese Singaporeans
957:Federation of Malaya
918:British trading port
902:History of Singapore
863:Kingdom of Singapura
856:Emperor Gong of Song
749:Sir Stamford Raffles
698:Overseas Singaporean
4684:Foreign ethnicities
4602:Indian Singaporeans
4291:Population planning
4276:National Day Parade
4112:Economic statistics
3755:Koh, Jamie (2009),
3684:on 13 November 2013
2979:. Seasoned Pioneers
2885:. routledge: 1–23.
2808:10.1017/glj.2019.75
2701:Library of Congress
2352:Vasil, R K (2000).
1805:
1751:Abrahamic religions
1645:Peranakan community
1459:Singaporean cuisine
1446:Singaporean cuisine
1143:to commemorate the
1015:Indian Singaporeans
42:
4597:Malay Singaporeans
4565:Singaporean people
4281:No U-turn syndrome
4175:Telecommunications
4165:Singapore Exchange
4127:Monetary Authority
3709:5 May 2017 at the
2790:German Law Journal
2240:IPS Working Papers
1803:
1734:
1718:
1708:
1684:Cherita Kapal Asap
1590:is the ceremonial
1537:
1535:Quadrilingual sign
1464:arrival of Raffles
1456:
1278:
1141:Racial Harmony Day
1123:Singaporeans with
1041:
1011:Malay Singaporeans
961:Malaysian citizens
142:Racial Harmony Day
40:
4957:
4956:
4817:
4816:
4809:Race in Singapore
4790:
4789:
4678:
4677:
4531:
4530:
4484:
4483:
4379:Singapore English
4193:
4192:
4094:
4093:
4081:Political parties
4027:Foreign relations
3987:
3986:
3748:978-0-500-28303-5
3502:The Straits Times
3170:. 21 January 2019
3048:. Our SG Heritage
2957:. Yale University
2955:Yale GlobalOnline
2363:978-1-86508-211-0
1954:
1953:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1774:Dharmic religions
1739:Dharmic religions
1611:Singapore English
1592:national language
1565:Malay Archipelago
1418:Christian culture
1246:Pacific Islanders
1119:
1118:
997:Race in Singapore
934:Peranakan Chinese
886:Malay Archipelago
877:raiders in 1613.
703:
702:
118:Singapore Chinese
104:Flag of Singapore
65:新加坡人 Xīnjiāpō Rén
4977:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4854:
4853:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4821:
4820:
4689:
4688:
4578:
4577:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4535:
4534:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4211:Communitarianism
4204:
4203:
4140:
4105:
4104:
3998:
3997:
3922:
3921:
3906:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3801:Singapore portal
3798:
3797:
3796:
3787:
3769:
3751:
3724:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3676:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3641:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3441:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3393:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3359:
3353:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3326:. Archived from
3316:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3196:Columbus Monthly
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3072:www.roots.gov.sg
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2949:Prystay, Chris.
2946:
2940:
2939:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2894:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2647:on 19 March 2015
2637:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2616:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2513:. Archived from
2503:
2497:
2496:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2273:on 26 April 2006
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2083:. United Nations
2077:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2005:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1944:Other religions
1902:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1806:
1802:
1374:Chinese New Year
1290:South East Asian
1045:
1044:
896:Modern Singapore
840:Rajendra Chola I
828:Srivijaya Empire
580:
578:
577:
562:
560:
559:
544:
542:
541:
526:
524:
523:
508:
506:
505:
490:
488:
487:
472:
470:
469:
454:
452:
451:
436:
434:
433:
418:
416:
415:
400:
398:
397:
382:
380:
379:
362:
360:
359:
344:
342:
341:
326:
324:
323:
306:
304:
303:
288:
286:
285:
270:
268:
267:
250:
248:
247:
230:
228:
227:
210:
208:
207:
190:
188:
187:
150:Total population
115:
101:
91:
90:
89:
81:
80:
75:
67:
66:
61:
53:
43:
39:
4985:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4943:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4919:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4895:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4873:
4856:
4851:
4848:
4818:
4813:
4786:
4770:
4674:
4606:
4567:
4562:
4532:
4527:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4480:
4432:
4330:
4311:Sex trafficking
4306:Public holidays
4251:Eat Frozen Pork
4189:
4138:
4090:
3983:
3911:
3904:
3844:
3835:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3785:
3767:
3749:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3722:Wayback Machine
3711:Wayback Machine
3701:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3494:
3490:
3480:
3478:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3416:on 6 March 2012
3410:"31 March 2000"
3408:
3407:
3403:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3373:
3369:
3360:
3356:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3302:
3298:
3275:
3271:
3240:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
3001:. Top Tour Asia
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2943:
2912:
2908:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2691:
2687:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2623:
2619:
2613:Wayback Machine
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2552:
2548:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2477:
2473:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2323:
2319:
2307:
2305:"《南洋蠡测》 / 颜斯综著"
2303:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2227:
2221:
2214:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2133:
2126:
2116:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1698:
1692:
1649:F.M.S.R. A Poem
1637:
1631:
1529:
1523:
1507:fish head curry
1448:
1442:
1434:Islamic culture
1422:Chinese culture
1414:Western culture
1378:Hari Raya Puasa
1342:creole language
1270:
1260:
1254:
1131:make up 15.4%,
1121:
1120:
1112:
1099:
1084:
1069:
1021:
1003:
995:Main articles:
993:
914:
908:
900:Main articles:
898:
882:Johor Sultanate
867:Sang Nila Utama
808:
803:
687:
619:
575:
573:
557:
555:
539:
537:
521:
519:
503:
501:
485:
483:
467:
465:
449:
447:
431:
429:
413:
411:
395:
393:
377:
375:
357:
355:
339:
337:
321:
319:
301:
299:
283:
281:
265:
263:
245:
243:
225:
223:
205:
203:
185:
183:
145:
130:Southeast Asian
106:
92:
83:
76:
69:
62:
55:
51:Orang Singapura
48:
47:
38:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4983:
4973:
4972:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4939:
4937:United Kingdom
4927:
4915:
4903:
4891:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4847:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4824:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4693:
4686:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4650:Jawi Peranakan
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4620:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4513:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4301:Public housing
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4042:Prime Minister
4039:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3964:Urban planning
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3834:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3770:
3765:
3752:
3747:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3695:
3663:
3653:on 16 May 2017
3628:
3607:
3585:
3563:
3541:
3519:
3488:
3457:
3427:
3401:
3379:
3367:
3354:
3341:
3311:
3296:
3285:(1): 155–171.
3269:
3250:(4): 285–304.
3231:
3209:
3189:Benton, G. A.
3181:
3153:
3131:
3109:
3097:ich.unesco.org
3084:
3059:
3037:
3012:
2990:
2968:
2941:
2928:10.1355/CS3-1E
2906:
2865:
2843:
2814:
2775:
2753:
2731:
2709:
2703:. p. 83.
2685:
2674:(3): 431–455.
2658:
2632:
2617:
2598:
2573:
2546:
2528:
2498:
2492:978-9971692681
2491:
2471:
2453:
2428:
2402:
2393:978-9814380980
2392:
2369:
2362:
2344:
2337:
2317:
2296:
2284:
2257:
2212:
2187:
2162:
2124:
2114:
2094:
2025:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:Not religious
1908:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1786:Zoroastrianism
1694:Main article:
1691:
1688:
1633:Main article:
1630:
1627:
1525:Main article:
1522:
1519:
1483:hawker culture
1441:
1438:
1402:New Year's Day
1294:Middle Eastern
1256:Main article:
1253:
1250:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1042:
992:
989:
985:naturalisation
897:
894:
812:Southeast Asia
807:
804:
802:
799:
726:multi-cultural
701:
700:
694:
693:
689:
688:
686:
685:
680:
678:Zoroastrianism
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
626:
625:
621:
620:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
593:
592:
588:
587:
584:
570:
569:
566:
552:
551:
548:
534:
533:
530:
516:
515:
512:
498:
497:
494:
480:
479:
476:
462:
461:
458:
444:
443:
440:
426:
425:
422:
408:
407:
404:
390:
389:
386:
372:
371:
366:
352:
351:
348:
334:
333:
330:
316:
315:
310:
296:
295:
292:
278:
277:
274:
260:
259:
254:
240:
239:
234:
232:United Kingdom
220:
219:
214:
200:
199:
194:
180:
179:
176:
175:Diaspora total
172:
171:
162:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
147:
146:
116:
108:
107:
102:
94:
93:
46:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4982:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4950:
4949:United States
4940:
4938:
4928:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4904:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4859:
4845:
4840:
4838:
4833:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4670:Orang Seletar
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4547:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4010:Town Councils
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:Urban renewal
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3825:
3820:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3802:
3791:
3786:
3784:9781462298440
3780:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3766:9780313351167
3762:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3715:Religion data
3712:
3708:
3705:
3699:
3680:
3673:
3667:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3632:
3617:
3611:
3595:
3589:
3573:
3567:
3551:
3545:
3529:
3523:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3352:(2), 438-436.
3351:
3345:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3219:
3213:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3185:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3141:
3135:
3119:
3113:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3047:
3041:
3022:
3016:
3000:
2994:
2978:
2972:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2853:
2847:
2840:
2829:. 19 May 2017
2828:
2824:
2818:
2809:
2804:
2801:: 1007–1034.
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2779:
2763:
2757:
2741:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2712:
2710:9780160342646
2706:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2517:on 8 May 2009
2516:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2340:
2338:9789622014497
2334:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2313:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2292:Heidhues 2001
2288:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2197:
2191:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2115:9789814435499
2111:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2010:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1991:
1975:
1966:
1962:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:Christianity
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1727:
1726:Sultan Mosque
1722:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1677:Lee Tzu Pheng
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:Edwin Thumboo
1658:
1654:
1651:, written by
1650:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1626:
1625:in the city.
1624:
1619:
1618:lingua franca
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:lingua franca
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:Malay culture
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1109:
1105:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1002:
998:
988:
986:
981:
979:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
953:
951:
946:
943:
942:Hadhrami Arab
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
913:
907:
903:
893:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
830:until it was
829:
825:
821:
820:Mediterranean
817:
816:Tamil Indians
813:
798:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:multicultural
752:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
699:
695:
690:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
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4863:
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4709:Bangladeshis
4564:
4509:Bibliography
4451:Coat of arms
4428:Singaporeans
4427:
4349:Architecture
4296:Prostitution
4246:Demographics
4064:Conscription
4049:Human rights
4017:Constitution
3774:
3759:, ABC-CLIO,
3756:
3738:
3731:Bibliography
3698:
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3679:the original
3666:
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3643:
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3556:26 September
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3534:26 September
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3112:
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3005:25 September
3003:. Retrieved
2993:
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2954:
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2922:(1): 76–87.
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2645:the original
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2431:
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2405:
2397:
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2327:
2325:饒宗頤 (1994).
2320:
2311:
2299:
2294:, p. 27
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2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2265:Hack, Karl.
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2243:
2239:
2207:
2200:. Retrieved
2190:
2178:. Retrieved
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2140:
2136:
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2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2016:. Retrieved
1974:
1965:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1825:
1817:
1772:, and other
1763:
1735:
1730:Kampong Glam
1683:
1681:
1673:Goh Poh Seng
1653:Teo Poh Leng
1648:
1642:
1638:
1614:
1569:
1549:Melayu Pasar
1548:
1545:Bazaar Malay
1538:
1509:, laksa and
1496:
1480:
1457:
1426:Confucianism
1406:
1371:
1334:Kampong Glam
1326:Little India
1279:
1150:
1138:
1122:
982:
965:North Borneo
954:
947:
915:
879:
860:
847:
844:Chola Empire
809:
788:
784:assimilating
753:
746:
722:multi-racial
706:Singaporeans
705:
704:
663:Confucianism
638:Christianity
453:
165:
41:Singaporeans
37:Ethnic group
34:
18:
4782:Australians
4665:Minangkabau
4628:Bugis-Malay
4321:Social fund
4117:Agriculture
3481:13 November
3450:9 September
3334:11 November
3202:14 November
3174:14 November
2961:17 November
2716:17 February
2591:20 February
2554:HistorySG.
1867:Catholicism
1822:Population
1814:Population
1657:Wang Gungwu
1503:chilli crab
1394:Good Friday
1340:is a local
1178:Australians
1165:Sri Lankans
938:South Asian
852:Later Liang
456:Switzerland
384:Netherlands
346:New Zealand
155:3.8 million
138:South Asian
4766:Vietnamese
4756:Pakistanis
4746:Malaysians
4408:Mass media
4403:Literature
4231:Disability
4139:(currency)
4071:Parliament
4032:Government
3954:Reservoirs
3688:2 February
3512:1 December
3420:27 January
2858:27 October
2466:History SG
1986:References
1669:Robert Yeo
1665:Arthur Yap
1629:Literature
1511:roti prata
1499:kaya toast
1476:betel quid
1262:See also:
1218:Pakistanis
1210:Malaysians
1173:Peranakans
1005:See also:
910:See also:
890:Orang Laut
875:Portuguese
824:Orang Laut
328:Bangladesh
122:East Asian
4889:Australia
4726:Filipinos
4719:Taiwanese
4704:Armenians
4645:Eurasians
4618:Banjarese
4466:Lion head
4374:Languages
4286:OB marker
4241:Education
4185:Transport
4086:President
4022:Elections
3974:Waterways
3917:Geography
3838:Singapore
3264:143543454
2901:144728013
2180:29 August
1933:Hinduism
1832:Buddhism
1809:Religious
1755:Christian
1604:bilingual
1390:Christmas
1386:Vesak Day
1382:Deepavali
1358:Cantonese
1330:Chinatown
1198:Filipinos
1190:Canadians
1182:Americans
1161:Eurasians
1157:Armenians
922:free port
814:with the
718:Singapore
714:nationals
591:Languages
272:Indonesia
212:Australia
167:Singapore
4964:Category
4925:Malaysia
4736:Japanese
4655:Javanese
4623:Buginese
4518:Category
4418:Religion
4369:Gambling
4160:Reserves
4122:Aviation
4059:Military
3993:Politics
3979:Wildlife
3842:articles
3718:Archived
3707:Archived
3600:15 April
3506:Archived
3475:Archived
3444:Archived
3077:21 April
2936:25797648
2725:Surabaya
2609:Archived
2521:13 April
2277:4 August
2157:20067730
1794:religion
1747:Hinduism
1743:Buddhism
1690:Religion
1615:de facto
1580:Mandarin
1521:Language
1410:language
1338:Singlish
1322:European
1318:Eurasian
1302:European
1234:Italians
1226:Africans
1202:Japanese
1169:Javanese
930:Javanese
838:Emperor
818:and the
801:Overview
780:European
776:Eurasian
742:Eurasian
710:citizens
708:are the
653:Hinduism
633:Buddhism
624:Religion
605:Mandarin
192:Malaysia
4775:Oceania
4751:Nepalis
4741:Koreans
4731:Indians
4714:Chinese
4495:Outline
4471:Merlion
4438:Symbols
4396:history
4391:culture
4359:Cuisine
4336:Culture
4316:Smoking
4256:Five Cs
4226:Driving
4199:Society
4180:Tourism
4137:Dollar
4100:Economy
4037:Cabinet
3944:Islands
3939:Geology
3929:Beaches
3905:present
3850:History
3657:1 April
3224:15 July
2833:23 June
2768:26 June
2746:26 June
2651:1 March
2566:9 March
2446:18 July
2421:1 March
2250:23 June
2246:: 16–17
2202:23 June
2087:25 June
2018:27 June
1798:atheist
1790:Judaism
1782:Jainism
1778:Sikhism
1768:(10%),
1572:English
1472:biryani
1440:Cuisine
1354:Teochew
1350:Hokkien
1314:Chinese
1298:African
1252:Culture
1230:English
1222:Afghans
1214:Nepalis
1206:Koreans
1194:Chinese
1186:Burmese
1133:Indians
1125:Chinese
1111:
1098:
1083:
1068:
1063:Chinese
1029:Chinese
969:Sarawak
842:of the
834:by the
832:invaded
760:Chinese
730:Chinese
673:Jainism
668:Judaism
658:Sikhism
600:English
582:Finland
528:Denmark
474:Vietnam
420:Germany
178:340,751
132:), and
72:Chinese
4901:Canada
4640:Chitty
4611:Others
4523:Portal
4476:Pledge
4461:Flower
4446:Anthem
4423:Sports
4354:Cinema
4261:Health
4216:Caning
4150:Labour
4145:Energy
4076:Police
3959:Rivers
3840:
3781:
3763:
3745:
3262:
3102:3 July
2934:
2899:
2707:
2489:
2390:
2360:
2335:
2328:新加坡古事記
2155:
2112:
1928:14.0%
1922:Islam
1917:18.5%
1860:18.7%
1849:10.0%
1838:33.2%
1811:group
1766:Taoism
1759:Muslim
1582:, and
1553:creole
1513:. The
1490:as an
1488:UNESCO
1400:, and
1398:Easter
1320:, and
1310:Indian
1300:, and
1244:, and
1242:Greeks
1129:Malays
1107:Others
1093:Indian
1037:Indian
1035:, and
1017:, and
973:merged
950:Malaya
778:, and
768:Indian
738:Indian
648:Taoism
579:
564:Mexico
561:
543:
525:
510:Sweden
507:
492:Norway
489:
471:
438:France
435:
417:
399:
381:
361:
343:
325:
313:12,582
308:Canada
305:
294:12,799
287:
276:23,524
269:
257:39,018
249:
237:58,432
229:
217:64,739
209:
197:91,002
189:
134:Indian
82:
68:
54:
4913:India
4761:Thais
4699:Arabs
4502:Index
4413:Music
4364:Dance
4236:Women
4221:Crime
3949:Parks
3682:(PDF)
3675:(PDF)
3651:(PDF)
3640:(PDF)
3440:(PDF)
3392:(DOC)
3260:S2CID
3024:(PDF)
2932:JSTOR
2897:S2CID
2797:(7).
2308:(PDF)
2228:(PDF)
2153:JSTOR
2012:(PDF)
1957:Notes
1950:0.6%
1939:5.0%
1925:14.7%
1914:17.0%
1904:12.0%
1897:11.3%
1857:18.4%
1846:10.9%
1835:33.3%
1776:like
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1584:Tamil
1576:Malay
1557:Malay
1551:), a
1468:laksa
1362:Tamil
1346:Malay
1306:Malay
1286:South
1238:Irish
1153:Arabs
1087:15.1%
1078:Malay
1072:75.9%
1033:Malay
971:were
926:Bugis
836:Tamil
764:Malay
734:Malay
643:Islam
615:Tamil
610:Malay
586:1,000
568:1,000
550:1,000
546:Malta
532:1,000
514:1,000
496:1,000
478:1,830
460:2,349
442:2,512
424:2,638
406:2,735
402:Japan
388:4,126
369:4,155
364:India
350:5,734
332:9,709
290:China
126:Malay
86:Tamil
58:Malay
4692:Asia
4660:Jews
4573:CMIO
4456:Flag
4386:LGBT
3779:ISBN
3761:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3690:2014
3659:2015
3623:2019
3602:2014
3580:2021
3558:2021
3536:2021
3514:2018
3483:2010
3452:2017
3422:2011
3374:See
3336:2010
3226:2020
3204:2020
3176:2020
3148:2021
3126:2021
3104:2021
3079:2023
3054:2021
3032:2021
3007:2021
2985:2021
2963:2018
2860:2011
2835:2020
2770:2020
2748:2020
2718:2013
2705:ISBN
2653:2015
2593:2015
2568:2020
2523:2011
2487:ISBN
2448:2006
2423:2015
2388:ISBN
2358:ISBN
2333:ISBN
2279:2006
2252:2020
2204:2020
2182:2015
2110:ISBN
2089:2020
2020:2020
1947:0.7%
1936:5.1%
1881:6.7%
1874:7.1%
1826:2015
1818:2010
1788:and
1780:and
1724:The
1474:and
1424:and
1416:and
1360:and
1332:and
1288:and
1282:East
1266:and
1163:and
1115:1.6%
1102:7.4%
999:and
967:and
940:and
904:and
871:Raja
854:and
772:Arab
740:and
712:and
4344:Art
4054:Law
3287:doi
3252:doi
3167:SBS
2924:doi
2887:doi
2803:doi
2676:doi
2312:NUS
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