640:
Germans. Hungary's leaders may also have been motivated to pursue a harsh response to demonstrate that they were strong enough to deal with Serb resistance and Jewish "subversion", and thus convince
Germany that Hungary was competent enough to control the Banat, which had been part of the country before World War I. According to the Holocaust scholar Mark Levene, the raid "may well have been intended as a dread signal from Budapest that Hungarian rule over non-Hungarians in the Balkans ... would be every bit as brutal as that of ... other occupying powers, or, for that matter, as it had previously been in Hungarian-occupied Serbia during the Great War." Accordingly, further guerrilla attacks were orchestrated by the occupational authorities in order to magnify the size of the Partisan resistance. Bandages were distributed to gendarmes, and they were instructed to wear them on their heads and hands to simulate the effects of being wounded. These events were staged primarily for public consumption.
190:
leadership since the beginnings of the military operations in
Voivodine. The Hungarian government ordered the punishment of the culprits and their prosecution, during which four officers were sentenced to death. The four Hungarian officers justified their open refusal of the orders of the Hungarian military leadership and their obedience to the German command by citing their ethnic German origins and their allegiance to Germany. Referring to this, they immediately sought asylum from Nazi Germany. Their requests were met with understanding and consideration from the German Nazi leadership. Before the executions, the Germans smuggled them to Germany, where they were immediately assigned as military officers in the SS, despite the Hungarian government's request for their extradition from Germany to carry out the sentence.
1477:
324:
727:, the occupational authorities staged another "rebellion" and followed it up with further mass arrests. Around 200 people were detained and taken to the banks of the Tisza, where they were shot and their bodies thrown into the river. When the ice thawed, the corpses of those killed in the raid floated down the Danube and the Tisza. The Hungarian news media denounced the raid as unparalleled in the country's military history. The Hungarian government also condemned the killings, vowing that the perpetrators would be brought to justice.
1466:
53:
711:, bypassed the curfew and alerted the authorities in Budapest. He returned with orders that the massacre was to come to an immediate halt. Feketehalmy-Czeydner ordered that all executions be stopped by 9:00 p.m. Deák's mother was among the victims. "The randomness and senselessness of the operation were evident especially by the fact that it hit not one single functionary of the Yugoslav Communist Party," the historian
707:, along the Danube, and shot with machine guns. Their killers then broke up the frozen river's ice sheets with artillery fire and tossed the bodies into the water. According to another account, the victims were forced to tread the ice sheets, which were then shattered by shelling from the shore, causing them to fall into the freezing water and drown. The killings only ceased after four days, when the city's Lord Lieutenant,
736:
3480:
588:. They were engaged by the Hungary military, and in the ensuing clash, 10 Hungarian soldiers and seven Partisans were killed. The remaining Partisans were arrested and deported to German-occupied Serbia. The Hungarian General Staff seized on the incident, using it as a pretext for launching attacks throughout the region that were intended to deter non-Hungarians from joining the resistance.
1502:
Feketehalmy-Czeydner, were tried again by the new communist government of
Hungary (which sentenced them to death or to life in prison) and again in Yugoslavia, where they were sentenced to death again, and executed. Horthy who was, according to Yugoslav/Serbian historians, among those responsible for the raids, was never indicted or tried. In September 2006,
241:) was surrounded and placed on curfew; its telephone lines were cut. Over the next several days, the occupational authorities went about arresting "suspicious" individuals. More than 1,000 of the city's residents were killed by the time the raid ended. The victims in both Novi Sad and the wider region were mostly
450:
homes were attacked and looted. On 14 April 1941, as many as 500 Serbs and Jews were killed, likely in accordance with previously assembled lists of people marked for death. Legislation was soon passed requiring that all non-Hungarians and non-Germans who had moved to the area after 1918 be deported.
695:
writes, "street by street." Many of the soldiers were visibly intoxicated. Survivor accounts, delivered after the war, attest to the brutality of the killings. A woman recalled how, on 23 April, a soldier entered her apartment, demanding to know her family's religious affiliation. The woman told him
569:
Before the war, Bačka had been home to around 15,000 Jews. This constituted more than one-fifth of
Yugoslavia's pre-war Jewish population. Moreover, more than 90 percent of the Jews living in the Hungarian-occupied territories of Yugoslavia hailed from the region. The Hungarian government had passed
276:
The
Hungarian government and news media condemned the raid, calling for an immediate investigation. In 1943, the Hungarians conducted a mass trial of those suspected of organizing the raid, handing down prison terms ranging from 10 to 15 years. The convicts escaped to Germany. After the war, several
687:
summoned the local authorities and announced that the Royal
Hungary Army would "take charge and clean things up" over the next three days. The raid began the following day. Between 6,000 and 7,000 people that were considered "suspicious" were arrested and taken to have their papers examined. Others
501:
Small-scale armed resistance broke out in Bačka in the second half of 1941 and the
Hungarian military reacted with heavy repressive measures. More than 300 prisoners were executed in September 1941 alone. Thousands of Serbs and Jews were detained in concentration camps that had been established in
463:
before being deported to the German-occupied territory of Serbia. The
Hungarians originally intended to expel as many as 150,000, but this plan was opposed by the German command in Belgrade, and subsequently fell through. More than 15,000 Hungarian colonists later settled the area, moving into the
1577:
In its aftermath, the historian
Deborah S. Cornelius writes, "relations between Hungary and Serbia have never been the same." Decades hence, the raid continues to feature prominently in the Hungarian popular imagination, more so than most events from the war. It was depicted in Hungarian director
1501:
In 1943, Hungary organized a trial of several officers who were among those responsible for the raids leading to prison terms ranging from 10 to 15 years. Four of those charged escaped to
Germany before their sentencing. After the war, some of the individuals responsible for the raids, including
682:
On 20 January, Novi Sad was completely surrounded and placed on curfew. Its telephone and telegraph lines were cut. The city was divided into multiple areas of responsibility, with a different officer tasked with organizing the round-ups in each. Placards sprang up on buildings, warning citizens
639:
declined, and in order to justify this decision, sought to demonstrate that Hungarian troops were desperately needed in the occupied territories. The Hungarian General Staff requested that the occupational authorities provide proof of an imminent, large-scale Partisan revolt in Bačka to show the
483:
books, newspapers and periodicals were virtually banned. Despite this, most Serbs and Croats that had lived in the Hungarian-occupied territories prior to 1918 retained their citizenship rights as Hungarians, and some lower-level non-Hungarian public employees retained their jobs. On 14 December
189:
The Hungarian army, under the orders of pro-German officers who violated independence of Hungarian military leadership (according to the precise instructions of the German command), committed the Novi Sad massacre; these Hungarian officers refused to follow the commands of the Hungarian military
1522:
tortured Nagy. Képíró, however, stated that as a police officer, his participation was limited merely to arresting civilians, and he did not take part in the executions or any other illegal activity. War crimes charges were subsequently brought against Képíró in a federal court in Budapest, for
657:
on 6 January, with suspected Partisans, including women and children, being removed to barns, storage buildings, and municipal buildings. Although some suspects were released, between 500 and 1,000 people were killed and their bodies stripped of all valuables. The raid moved onto other local
574:
laws in 1939, and following the outbreak of the war, these were applied in the occupied and annexed territories. After the violence of the initial occupation, no further massacres of Jews occurred in Bačka for the remainder of 1941, though the Jewish community was subjected to a string of
583:
By early 1942, the Hungarian military estimated that there were no more than 110 Partisans operating in all of Vojvodina, though in reality, the true figure was closer to 40. On 4 January 1942, several dozen Partisans from the Šajkaška Partisan detachment were found hiding at a farm near
426:
of 1920, when it was incorporated into the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia). A large number of Hungarians and ethnic Germans had remained in the areas despite the cession. Hungarian-occupied Bačka consisted of that part of the former
700:. Infuriated, the soldier called her a "stinking Serb" and killed her five sons. Thousands of men, women and children were imprisoned and interrogated at the Sokolski Dom, one of the city's main cultural centres. Many died during their interrogation.
759:
writes that 4,116 individuals were killed – 2,842 Serbs, 1,250 Jews, 13 Russians and 11 Hungarians. The historian Zvonimir Golubović places the total number of civilians killed in the raid at 3,809. This figure is accepted by the Holocaust scholar
1565:
Of the massacres perpetrated by the Hungarian occupational authorities in Yugoslavia, the raid in southern Bačka remains the most infamous. The killings have been referred to as the Novi Sad massacre, the Újvidék massacre, or simply The Raid
1523:
murders of civilians committed under his command during the January 1942 raids. His trial on those charges commenced in May 2011. Képíró was acquitted on all counts in July 2011. He died of natural causes two months later.
558:, from whom the Partisans drew most of their recruits, made up only one third of the regional population. By the end of 1941, the Partisans of Bačka had largely been destroyed, as had their regional committee. The
2533:
1741:
Between 1918 and 1924, nearly 45,000 Hungarians had been deported to Hungary from the territories transferred to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and more than 10,000 South Slavic military settlers
471:" was implemented within the occupied territories. "Less-desirable elements" of the population, such as Serbs, Croats and Jews, were discriminated against in matters of communication and education.
566:
irregulars seeking to reinstate the Yugoslav monarchy, offered sporadic resistance during the invasion, but were largely inactive for much of the occupation, maintaining some covert activity only.
29:
1450:
Some Serbian historians, such as Golubović and Aleksandar Veljić, have claimed that Horthy himself was aware of the raids and approved them being carried out. Horthy was a witness at the
3708:
1553:. Some days earlier members of the Serbian Parliament adopted a declaration, which condemned the massacres and application of the principle of collective guilt against Hungarians in
1531:
Mass killings targeting Jews, such as those that occurred during the raid, were relatively uncommon in Hungary-proper and the occupied areas until October 1944, when the Germans
1518:
and sentenced him to 14 years. This verdict was based upon the testimony of János Nagy, a former Hungarian soldier of Képíró's platoon. However, the testimony was given after
1494:
sent a commission of inquiry to investigate. That investigation supported the story that the army had been battling partisans. A further investigation by Bárdossy's successor
3512:
674:. Civilians were rounded up at random and taken from their homes and businesses during their workday and while they were engaged in regular activities, even weddings.
4559:
2537:
366:
to the throne. The country was overrun in less than two weeks, occupied and partitioned among its neighbours. The area that constitutes the present-day province of
2909:
Byford, Jovan (2011). "The Collaborationist Administration and the Treatment of the Jews in German-Occupied Serbia". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.).
269:, only to perish when the ice sheet was shattered by shelling from the shore. Some were pushed into holes in the ice sheet, causing them to drown or succumb to
4255:
4442:
442:
The Hungarian occupational authorities resolved to "rebalance" the ethnic makeup of Bačka while the invasion was still underway. Within days of the invasion,
3859:
1699:
Similar statues, also created by Soldatović, exist in Žabalj and Čurug. Commemorative ceremonies are held annually in Novi Sad and the other massacre sites.
4362:
193:
The Hungarian occupational authorities began raiding towns and villages in southern Bačka as early as 4 January 1942, ostensibly as a means of suppressing
5071:
3966:
4097:
3974:
484:
1941, Bačka, along with the other Hungarian-occupied areas of Yugoslavia, referred to by Hungary as the "Recovered Southern Territories" (Hungarian:
285:, resulting in the conviction and execution of a number of key organizers. The final court proceedings relating to the raid took place in 2011, when
3798:
3754:
3505:
3152:. History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe. Vol. 2. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 224–231.
3484:
5599:
4433:
1668:
was erected in Novi Sad, on the spot where the bodies of victims were tossed into the Danube. The inscription at the base of the statue reads:
1646:
5682:
3883:
394:
1514:
and 14 other Hungarian military and police officers of taking part in 1942 raid in Novi Sad. In 1948, the government of Hungary retried him
5796:
1550:
764:. The following table, composed by Golubović, lists the victims according to their gender, ethnicity and the place that they were killed:
416:
175:
71:
1439:
ordered an investigation into the massacres and charges were brought against some of those that had conducted them. Those charged fled to
1713:
victims of the raid along with the victims of other Axis crimes committed in Bačka between 1941 and 1942 as the "Holy Martyrs of Bačka".
4974:
3774:
3498:
688:
were detained on account that they had no papers. Most were released, but at least 40 were taken to the banks of the Danube and shot.
3602:
2715:
3594:
282:
2473:
5841:
4967:
4845:
3678:
3472:
1444:
600:
5463:
3409:
3385:
3361:
3339:
3315:
3291:
3270:
3251:
3227:
3203:
3181:
3157:
3136:
3115:
3093:
3072:
3048:
3027:
3006:
2983:
2962:
2941:
2920:
2899:
2878:
2846:
2822:
2766:
2426:
2312:
5881:
5615:
5536:
5205:
4801:
3685:
4671:
3633:
5308:
1579:
539:
4573:
5607:
5356:
5349:
5055:
1787:
451:
The Hungarian occupational authorities expelled between 25,000 and 60,000 Serbs from Bačka, both colonists from the
5774:
5583:
5484:
5406:
5292:
4945:
4938:
4273:
3700:
666:
the same day and continued the day after. Over the next three days, additional killings took place in the towns of
596:
343:
24:
653:
More than 8,000 Hungarian soldiers, gendarmes and border guards participated in the raid. It began in the town of
5876:
5856:
5702:
5591:
4852:
3473:
Partial list of victims of the raid in Novi Sad, in the area that was under command of Sandor Kepiro (in Serbian)
278:
229:. The victims were seemingly detained at random while conducting everyday activities. On 20 January, the city of
4367:
5392:
5221:
5189:
5017:
4931:
2402:
744:
4664:
3460:
5891:
5886:
5871:
5639:
5631:
5544:
4058:
2454:
5134:
3146:
Neubauer, John (2006). "Upstream and Downstream the Danube". In Cornis-Pope, Marcel; Neubauer, John (eds.).
5851:
5498:
5276:
5197:
5173:
4643:
3746:
2459:
629:
378:
301:
5846:
4824:
4135:
1476:
5861:
5836:
5623:
5039:
4924:
1633:, who narrowly escaped being rounded up and killed in the massacre, explored the topic in his 1972 novel
684:
5866:
5470:
5420:
5229:
5047:
4981:
4758:
4438:
4014:
3578:
1519:
621:
44:
575:
discriminatory measures, such as the confiscation of property, arbitrary detention and forced labour.
351:
5655:
5528:
5491:
5413:
5094:
3942:
3551:
3301:
633:
359:
2534:"Hungarian president in Belgrade visit apologizes for crimes against innocent Serbs in World War II"
1447:. Horthy used the investigation as a method of distinguishing his regime from that of Nazi Germany.
389:; NDH), which was established shortly after the invasion. The Germans assumed direct control of the
5663:
5647:
5378:
5300:
5284:
4751:
4417:
3851:
748:
439:
to the east. The total area of Hungarian-occupied Bačka was 8,558 km (3,304 sq mi).
5831:
5575:
4636:
3237:
1743:
1710:
1703:
1638:
1619:
1607:
1567:
1511:
697:
286:
4501:
4082:
1773:"John Flournoy Montgomery: Hungary, The Unwilling Satellite.: The Breaking Up of Czechoslovakia.
1491:
636:
5896:
5753:
5718:
5520:
5456:
5126:
4744:
4472:
4401:
4231:
4175:
3915:
3784:
3586:
3349:
712:
603:
363:
5477:
1799:
John Flournoy Montgomery: Hungary, The Unwilling Satellite. The Breaking Up of Czechoslovakia.
1626:). The massacre held special significance for Kiš as his father was nearly killed during it.
5804:
5690:
5252:
5142:
4831:
4794:
4708:
3998:
3843:
3762:
3716:
3671:
3649:
1722:
703:
Temperatures reached −29 °C (−20 °F). Victims were brought to an area known as the
398:
347:
198:
179:
4247:
4215:
5150:
5110:
4995:
4657:
4385:
4377:
4262:
4239:
4167:
4075:
4046:
4038:
3990:
3934:
3559:
3191:
1539:
1532:
625:
608:
305:
163:
134:
4508:
8:
5181:
5118:
5063:
4988:
4601:
4409:
4339:
4105:
3899:
3875:
3805:
3661:
3447:
Peter Rokai - Zoltan Đere - Tibor Pal - Aleksandar Kasaš, Istorija Mađara, Beograd, 2002.
2414:
2390:
599:, ordered punitive raids against the Partisans of Bačka. The order coincided with German
592:
563:
4183:
1665:
1630:
708:
323:
5711:
5567:
5434:
5385:
5260:
5213:
4780:
4715:
4199:
4159:
4068:
3907:
2933:
Bringing the Dark Past to Light: The Reception of the Holocaust in Postcommunist Europe
1654:
1589:
1495:
543:
472:
460:
234:
194:
167:
116:
3352:(2011). "Vojvodina under Hungarian Rule". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.).
57:
Corpses of killed civilians in the barracks in Novi Sad, Futoška Street, January 1942.
5746:
5739:
5732:
5399:
4917:
4888:
3827:
3773:
3641:
3610:
3426:
Zvonimir Golubović, Racija 1942, Enciklopedija Novog Sada, knjiga 23, Novi Sad, 2004.
3405:
3381:
3357:
3335:
3311:
3305:
3287:
3266:
3247:
3223:
3199:
3177:
3153:
3132:
3111:
3089:
3068:
3044:
3023:
3002:
2979:
2958:
2937:
2916:
2895:
2874:
2842:
2818:
2422:
2398:
1507:
1433:
423:
382:
4787:
3490:
2205:
755:
places the number of deaths resulting from the raid at 3,200. The Holocaust scholar
315:
that the Hungarian military had committed against Serbian civilians during the war.
5781:
4678:
4587:
4332:
4006:
3958:
3835:
3213:
3019:
Cinema of the Other Europe: The Industry and Artistry of East Central European Film
1602:
1465:
1451:
811:
551:
550:
was never strong in Bačka because the region's flat terrain did not lend itself to
339:
254:
4838:
4608:
1436:
5760:
5102:
4629:
4615:
4515:
4393:
4325:
4143:
4030:
3891:
3812:
3399:
3375:
3329:
3325:
3281:
3241:
3217:
3171:
3147:
3126:
3088:. The Crisis of Genocide. Vol. 2. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
3083:
3062:
3038:
3017:
2973:
2952:
2931:
2910:
2889:
2868:
2864:
2836:
2812:
2487:
1549:
for the war crimes committed against civilian Serbs and Jewish people during the
1542:
547:
476:
452:
428:
308:
265:
were killed as well. In Novi Sad, victims were forced to march across the frozen
1480:
507:
182:
territories. It resulted in the deaths of 3,000–4,000 civilians in the southern
5767:
5725:
5427:
4895:
4722:
4566:
4537:
4425:
4318:
4207:
4191:
3791:
3058:
2975:
History vs. Apologetics: The Holocaust, the Third Reich and the Catholic Church
2856:
1751:
868:
752:
617:
480:
4594:
2754:
724:
5825:
4881:
4685:
4580:
4479:
4456:
4354:
4290:
4151:
3982:
3395:
3167:
3001:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Novi Sad, Yugoslavia: Istorijski muzej Vojvodine.
2860:
2781:"New saints canonized by Serbian Church with hierarchs from 6 Local Churches"
1503:
806:
613:
535:
468:
403:
250:
20:
4283:
1597:
948:
659:
210:
5268:
3103:
2832:
1706:
1490:
After questions were raised in the Hungarian parliament the prime minister
1455:
1440:
988:
761:
571:
374:
335:
222:
202:
171:
52:
4311:
3950:
3401:
Operation Last Chance: One Man's Quest to Bring Nazi Criminals to Justice
3331:
War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration
2780:
2395:
Miha Tavcar Hungary, the Great Powers, and the Danubian Crisis, 1936-1939
1584:
1348:
1068:
555:
503:
456:
371:
270:
112:
4304:
4297:
4223:
3867:
3432:
Aleksandar Veljić, Istina o Novosadskoj raciji, Sremska Kamenica, 2010.
3371:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
1459:
908:
816:
756:
692:
479:
were the only languages permitted in almost all secondary schools, and
312:
262:
2930:
Byford, Jovan (2013). Himka, John-Paul; Michlic, Joanna Beata (eds.).
1108:
751:, wrote that 3,755 people lost their lives in the raid. The historian
3435:
Aleksandar Veljić, Mikloš Horti - Nekažnjeni zločinac, Beograd, 2009.
2808:
2765:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFSerbian_Orthodox_Church_2_October_2022 (
1554:
1533:
assumed direct control of the country and the regions it had occupied
367:
3128:
Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the 20th Century
2474:""97-year-old Hungarian Sandor Kepiro on trial for Nazi war crimes""
2186:
1484:
1028:
704:
671:
585:
515:
289:
was tried and acquitted of murdering over 30 civilians in Novi Sad.
226:
4650:
4022:
3521:
2873:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 87–139.
1546:
1470:
1188:
1148:
821:
786:
559:
527:
523:
488:), were officially annexed and formally incorporated into Hungary.
412:
370:, in northern Serbia, was divided between Germany, Hungary and the
258:
230:
2936:. Lincoln, Nebraska: Nebraska University Press. pp. 516–548.
2760:
2693:
1783:
1308:
828:
654:
519:
511:
419:
328:
206:
183:
67:
3219:
The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005
1228:
791:
667:
297:
218:
2036:
2034:
2032:
735:
531:
431:
once bounded by the Hungarian–Yugoslav border to the north, the
4622:
3525:
3479:
3444:Đorđe M. Srbulović, Kratka istorija Novog Sada, Novi Sad, 2011.
3441:
Dimitrije Boarov, Politička istorija Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 2001.
3429:
Aleksandar Veljić, Racija - Zaboravljen genocid, Beograd, 2007.
2814:
The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics
432:
408:
355:
327:
Map of the Hungarian occupied and annexed areas of Yugoslavia;
293:
292:
The raid has been fictionalized in literature and film in both
266:
75:
5701:
1782:
Cseres Tibor: Vérbosszú Bácskában.Budapest, Magvető, 1991">
1462:, the Americans and the Soviets favored dropping any charges.
201:
was attempting to improve its geopolitical standing vis-à-vis
3450:
Enike A. Šajti, Mađari u Vojvodini 1918-1947, Novi Sad, 2010.
2894:. Teaneck, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
2863:(2011). "Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing". In Bloxham, Donald;
2029:
1990:
1268:
796:
781:
663:
443:
436:
390:
242:
214:
95:
4272:
2642:
1968:
1966:
1936:
1934:
1932:
397:, primarily to satisfy the demands of the region's sizeable
3529:
2608:
2606:
2502:
2348:
2346:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
1953:
1951:
1949:
801:
691:"The massacre was conducted systematically," the historian
447:
246:
99:
2683:
2681:
2654:
2630:
1826:
1535:, deporting hundreds of thousands of Jews to death camps.
4057:
3196:
Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia
3149:
Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries
2915:. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 109–127.
2579:
2514:
2085:
1963:
1929:
1784:
Cseres Tibor: Vérbosszú Bácskában.Budapest, Magvető, 1991
776:
411:
and incorporated it into the NDH, stopping just short of
2603:
2343:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2120:
2097:
2075:
2073:
2019:
2017:
1946:
1874:
1862:
1850:
1838:
197:
resistance, though the historical record shows that the
3356:. London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 70–89.
2678:
2569:
2567:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2139:
2137:
2135:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1814:
606:'s visit to Budapest on 6 January. Several days later,
2331:
1754:
volunteers), mainly Serbs, were settled in the region.
3520:
2742:
2666:
2591:
2552:
2366:
The Confidential Papers of Admiral Horthy (1919-1944)
2300:
2225:
2070:
2046:
2014:
2002:
1917:
1886:
3438:
Jovan Pejin, Velikomađarski kapric, Zrenjanin, 2007.
3377:
The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945
2730:
2564:
2488:"Hungary Nazi war crimes suspect Sandor Kepiro dead"
2435:
2319:
2273:
2261:
2174:
2149:
2132:
2058:
1978:
1898:
1802:
1680:
Ako smo ljudi oprostiti moramo, zaboraviti ne smemo.
3334:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
3176:. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press.
2618:
1526:
1510:made public copies of a 1944 court verdict finding
304:between the two countries. In June 2013, Hungarian
4256:Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918–1920)
3222:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press.
2838:Jews for Sale? Nazi-Jewish Negotiations, 1933–1945
362:, and hastened the ascent of his underage cousin,
3246:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.
3198:. New York, New York: Columbia University Press.
3173:The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology
3043:. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.
2841:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
1691:If we are human, we must forgive, but not forget
624:, arrived in Budapest requesting that the entire
5823:
3265:. Boulder, Colorado: Social Science Monographs.
2957:. New York, New York: Fordham University Press.
1664:In 1971, a commemorative statue by the sculptor
2954:Hungary in World War II: Caught in the Cauldron
5600:Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting
3310:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
3131:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
3085:Annihilation: The European Rimlands, 1939–1953
2870:Political Violence in Twentieth-Century Europe
2817:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
1596:). It features prominently in Yugoslav writer
3570:
3506:
3108:Hitler's Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe
422:, which had been a part of Hungary until the
393:, which became an autonomous district of the
3380:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
3040:The Past in Present Times: The Yugoslav Saga
2855:
2716:"Napukao spomenik žrtvama Novosadske racije"
2508:
2455:Nazi hunters identify convicted war criminal
1551:Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories
743:In a contemporary correspondence, Hungary's
683:against going outdoors, except to buy food.
72:Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories
3467:Commemoration dedicated to the raid victims
3279:
3067:. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange.
2585:
1469:The monument to the victims of the raid in
3775:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
3513:
3499:
3404:. New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
3324:
3307:Birth Certificate: The Story of Danilo Kiš
3190:
2718:. Radio Televizija Vojvodine. 3 April 2013
2091:
2040:
1996:
1972:
1957:
1940:
1880:
1856:
1832:
1820:
464:homes of the Serbs that were forced out.
51:
3243:Tito, Mihailović and the Allies 1941–1945
3015:
2992:
2950:
2636:
2612:
2413:
2352:
2311:sfn error: no target: CITEREFRummel1998 (
2255:
2215:
2199:
459:inhabitants. They were first interned in
273:, while others were shot in the street.
5512:
3595:Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus
3469:) in Serbian); accessed 9 November 2015.
3300:
3283:The Royal Hungarian Army in World War II
3145:
2699:
2687:
2672:
2648:
1689:Memory is a monument harder than stone.
1475:
1464:
734:
322:
144:Novi Sad raid (Serbian Cyrillic: Рација)
5797:Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus
3348:
3236:
3102:
2660:
2364:Szinai, M. & L. Szücs (eds; 1965),
2337:
2219:
2114:
2052:
1923:
1892:
1808:
1483:monument to the victims of the raid in
5824:
3394:
3286:. Oxford, England: Osprey Publishing.
3263:Hungarians in the Voivodina, 1918–1947
3124:
3081:
3057:
2929:
2908:
2761:Serbian Orthodox Church 2 October 2022
2748:
2736:
2710:
2708:
2597:
2558:
2520:
2368:, Corvina Press, Budapest, pp. 269-672
2306:
2294:
2234:
2180:
2079:
2023:
2008:
1911:
1868:
1844:
1443:and returned only after German forces
5464:Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre
3494:
3370:
3354:Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two
3280:Thomas, Nigel; Szabo, Laszlo (2012).
3260:
3212:
3166:
3036:
3022:. London, England: Wallflower Press.
2978:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
2971:
2912:Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two
2887:
2831:
2807:
2624:
2573:
2441:
2325:
2282:
2267:
2211:
2168:
2143:
2126:
2064:
1984:
1677:Sećanje je spomenik tvrđi od kamena.
496:
407:) population. The Croatians occupied
5616:Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege
5206:Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack
1557:at the end of the Second World War.
1427:
677:
648:
597:Chief of the Hungarian General Staff
162:) was a massacre carried out by the
5341:
4873:
4464:
2995:Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj 1942. godine
2705:
2447:
622:Supreme Command of the Armed Forces
395:German-occupied territory of Serbia
176:Hungarian occupation and annexation
13:
3420:
2999:The Raid in Southern Bačka in 1942
2379:Mikloš Horti - Nekažnjeni zločinac
739:Map of places affected by the raid
350:on 6 April 1941, in response to a
300:. The killings continue to strain
205:. The first town to be raided was
14:
5908:
5608:Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
5357:Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
5350:Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
3454:
1458:but, despite strong demands from
5584:Toulouse and Montauban shootings
5485:Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
5407:Matza restaurant suicide bombing
3478:
1527:Retribution and formal apologies
5703:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
4802:Kremnička and Nemecká massacres
3603:Jewish revolt against Heraclius
3110:. London, England: Allen Lane.
2800:
2773:
2526:
2480:
2466:
2421:. University of Georgia Press.
2407:
2384:
2371:
2358:
1735:
435:to the south and west, and the
5393:Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre
5222:Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre
4232:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
2951:Cornelius, Deborah S. (2011).
1793:
1776:
1767:
1:
5842:Axis war crimes in Yugoslavia
5640:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
5309:Mahane Yehuda Market bombings
2536:. Politics.hu. Archived from
1761:
1498:came to similar conclusions.
730:
696:that she and her family were
578:
318:
5592:Jerusalem synagogue massacre
5499:Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing
5277:Dizengoff Street bus bombing
3709:Massacres at London and York
3462:Godišnjica Novosadske racije
3064:Axis Rule in Occupied Europe
2993:Golubović, Zvonimir (1992).
2490:. BBC News. 3 September 2011
2460:International Herald Tribune
1520:the communist secret service
718:
379:Independent State of Croatia
311:formally apologized for the
7:
5882:The Holocaust in Yugoslavia
5040:Night of the Murdered Poets
3485:1942 raid in southern Bačka
3475:; accessed 9 November 2015.
2202:, pp. 43–44, 147, 194.
1747:
1728:
1716:
1645:). It is also described in
1642:
1623:
1611:
1571:
685:Ferenc Feketehalmy-Czeydner
643:
354:that deposed the country's
331:(Bácska) is shown in green.
16:Second World War war crimes
10:
5913:
5471:Davidka Square bus bombing
5182:Antwerp summer camp attack
5056:Shafrir synagogue shooting
4759:Operation Harvest Festival
3868:Massacre of the Assumption
491:
45:World War II in Yugoslavia
5674:
5559:
5537:Tel Aviv shawarma bombing
5492:Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
5448:
5414:Hebrew University bombing
5370:
5334:
5327:
5244:
5165:
5135:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
5095:Avivim school bus bombing
5086:
5031:
5018:Menarsha synagogue attack
5009:
4982:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
4959:
4909:
4866:
4816:
4772:
4736:
4700:
4551:
4529:
4493:
4455:
4127:
4120:
3926:
3738:
3731:
3660:
3625:
3543:
3536:
1560:
538:, in Hungary-proper. The
387:Nezavisna Država Hrvatska
130:
122:
106:
90:
82:
62:
50:
42:
37:
5664:Monsey Hanukkah stabbing
5648:Poway synagogue shooting
5545:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
5379:Ghriba synagogue bombing
5301:Island of Peace massacre
4752:Kielce cemetery massacre
3261:Sajti, Enikő A. (2003).
3016:Iordanova, Dina (2003).
2509:Bloxham & Moses 2011
1445:occupied Hungary in 1944
749:Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer
745:Minister of the Interior
467:A policy of "systematic
5198:Vienna synagogue attack
5174:Paris synagogue bombing
4418:The Bloody Day in Jaffa
2586:Thomas & Szabo 2012
1704:Serbian Orthodox Church
546:resistance movement of
25:Infobox civilian attack
18:
5877:Serbia in World War II
5857:Jewish Serbian history
5521:Beersheba bus bombings
5127:Kiryat Shmona massacre
5048:Scorpion Pass massacre
4745:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
4176:Second Kishinev pogrom
3916:Portuguese Inquisition
3560:2nd Alexandrian pogrom
1658:
1593:
1487:
1473:
740:
604:Joachim von Ribbentrop
485:
386:
332:
238:
166:, the armed forces of
148:Raid in southern Bačka
30:considered for merging
5421:Rishon LeZion bombing
5143:Coastal Road massacre
4144:First Kishinev pogrom
3935:Chmielnicki massacres
3844:Schaffhausen Massacre
3763:Armleder persecutions
3717:Rintfleisch massacres
3192:Pavlowitch, Stevan K.
3125:Mojzes, Paul (2011).
3082:Levene, Mark (2013).
3037:Klajn, Lajčo (2007).
2972:Cymet, David (2010).
2891:World Cinema: Hungary
2888:Burns, Bryan (1996).
1723:Hungarian irredentism
1614:) and his 1972 novel
1479:
1468:
738:
326:
5892:War crimes in Serbia
5887:Hungarian war crimes
5872:Persecution of Serbs
5656:Jersey City shooting
5529:Ashdod Port bombings
5111:Lod Airport massacre
5072:Purge of Polish Jews
4996:Kfar Etzion massacre
4502:Częstochowa massacre
4263:1920 Nebi Musa riots
4083:Fourth Odessa pogrom
4039:Second Odessa pogrom
3487:at Wikimedia Commons
2651:, pp. 3, 44–45.
2463:, 28 September 2006.
2415:Sakmyster, Thomas L.
2377:Veljić, Aleksandar.
1748:Solunski dobrovoljci
1629:The Yugoslav writer
658:settlements such as
626:Royal Hungarian Army
609:Generalfeldmarschall
277:trials were held in
199:Hungarian Government
135:Royal Hungarian Army
5852:History of Novi Sad
5478:Café Hillel bombing
4846:Tripolitania pogrom
4644:Kamianets-Podilskyi
4168:Fifth Odessa pogrom
4106:1898 Algerian riots
4047:Third Odessa pogrom
3991:First Odessa pogrom
3876:Spanish Inquisition
3852:Moroccan revolution
3732:14th – 19th century
3662:Rhineland massacres
2663:, pp. 329–330.
2523:, pp. 520–521.
2391:Thomas L. Sakmyster
2129:, pp. 347–349.
2043:, pp. 172–173.
1999:, pp. 170–171.
1871:, pp. 261–262.
1847:, pp. 251–252.
1659:Vérbosszú Bácskában
1651:Blood Feud in Bačka
1635:The Book About Blam
1540:Hungarian President
698:Orthodox Christians
620:, the chief of the
593:Ferenc Szombathelyi
564:Serbian nationalist
461:concentration camps
5862:Massacres of Serbs
5837:1942 in Yugoslavia
5576:Burgas bus bombing
5261:Crown Heights riot
5214:Ras Burqa massacre
4925:Haifa Oil Refinery
4781:Ardeatine massacre
4716:Dzyatlava massacre
4136:Częstochowa pogrom
3747:Shepherds' Crusade
3552:Alexandrian pogrom
3537:1st – 13th century
3350:Ungváry, Krisztián
3238:Roberts, Walter R.
2785:OrthoChristian.Com
1711:Orthodox Christian
1488:
1474:
741:
497:Initial resistance
333:
146:also known as the
117:summary executions
5867:Massacres in 1942
5819:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5791:
5790:
5632:Halamish stabbing
5624:Tel Aviv shooting
5555:
5554:
5508:
5507:
5444:
5443:
5400:Passover massacre
5366:
5365:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5285:Beit Lid massacre
5240:
5239:
5161:
5160:
5151:Nahariya massacre
5082:
5081:
5027:
5026:
5005:
5004:
4955:
4954:
4918:Fajja bus attacks
4905:
4904:
4862:
4861:
4812:
4811:
4768:
4767:
4732:
4731:
4696:
4695:
4547:
4546:
4525:
4524:
4489:
4488:
4473:Tiberias massacre
4402:Constantine riots
4349:
4348:
4274:Russian Civil War
4116:
4115:
4092:
4091:
3828:Brussels massacre
3822:
3821:
3727:
3726:
3695:
3694:
3621:
3620:
3611:Battle of Khaybar
3587:Bar Kokhba revolt
3483:Media related to
3411:978-0-23010-138-8
3387:978-0-19504-523-9
3363:978-0-230-27830-1
3341:978-0-8047-3615-2
3317:978-0-8014-4888-1
3293:978-1-84603-795-5
3272:978-0-88033-522-5
3253:978-0-8223-0773-0
3229:978-0-253-34656-8
3214:Ramet, Sabrina P.
3205:978-1-85065-895-5
3183:978-0-81432-561-2
3159:978-9-02729-340-4
3138:978-1-4422-0665-6
3117:978-0-7139-9681-4
3095:978-0-19-150555-3
3074:978-1-58477-901-8
3050:978-0-7618-3647-6
3029:978-1-90336-461-1
3008:978-8-68207-701-5
2985:978-0-73913-293-7
2964:978-0-82323-773-9
2943:978-0-8032-4647-8
2922:978-0-230-27830-1
2901:978-0-83863-722-7
2880:978-1-13950-129-3
2848:978-0-3000-6852-8
2824:978-0-8014-9493-2
2702:, p. 80, note 25.
2639:, pp. 76–79.
2540:on 8 October 2013
2428:978-3-902494-14-6
2381:, Belgrade, 2009.
2297:, pp. 88–89.
2222:, pp. 77–78.
2117:, pp. 77–78.
1835:, pp. 63–64.
1697:
1696:
1508:Wiesenthal Center
1434:Regent of Hungary
1428:Legal proceedings
1425:
1424:
713:Krisztián Ungváry
678:Novi Sad massacre
649:Killings commence
455:, as well as pre-
424:Treaty of Trianon
415:. The Hungarians
249:, though several
186:(Bácska) region.
164:Királyi Honvédség
152:Novi Sad massacre
140:
139:
86:4–29 January 1942
5904:
5847:History of Bačka
5808:
5805:Dagestan attacks
5800:
5784:
5777:
5770:
5763:
5756:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5691:Beersheba attack
5686:
5667:
5659:
5651:
5643:
5635:
5627:
5619:
5611:
5603:
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5548:
5540:
5532:
5524:
5510:
5509:
5501:
5494:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5446:
5445:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5409:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5368:
5367:
5359:
5352:
5339:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5312:
5304:
5296:
5288:
5280:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5253:Cairo bus attack
5242:
5241:
5233:
5225:
5217:
5209:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5177:
5163:
5162:
5154:
5146:
5138:
5130:
5122:
5119:Ma'alot massacre
5114:
5106:
5098:
5084:
5083:
5075:
5067:
5059:
5051:
5043:
5029:
5028:
5020:
5007:
5006:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4957:
4956:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4907:
4906:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4871:
4870:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4832:Topoľčany pogrom
4827:
4825:Deutsch Schützen
4814:
4813:
4805:
4797:
4795:Sărmașu massacre
4790:
4783:
4770:
4769:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4734:
4733:
4725:
4718:
4711:
4709:Dünamünde Action
4698:
4697:
4689:
4681:
4674:
4672:Kaunas (October)
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4549:
4548:
4540:
4527:
4526:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4491:
4490:
4482:
4475:
4462:
4461:
4448:
4446:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4371:
4358:
4355:Zavirtcha pogrom
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4184:Białystok pogrom
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4125:
4124:
4109:
4101:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4042:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3975:Algiers massacre
3970:
3962:
3959:Massacre of Uman
3954:
3946:
3938:
3919:
3911:
3903:
3895:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3736:
3735:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3650:Granada massacre
3645:
3637:
3634:Córdoba massacre
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3579:The Great Revolt
3568:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3541:
3540:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3482:
3415:
3391:
3367:
3345:
3326:Tomasevich, Jozo
3321:
3297:
3276:
3257:
3233:
3209:
3187:
3163:
3142:
3121:
3099:
3078:
3054:
3033:
3012:
2989:
2968:
2947:
2926:
2905:
2884:
2865:Gerwarth, Robert
2852:
2828:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2712:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2464:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2411:
2405:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2238:
2232:
2223:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2147:
2141:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2027:
2021:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1944:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1755:
1739:
1671:
1670:
1666:Jovan Soldatović
1631:Aleksandar Tišma
1452:Nuremberg Trials
767:
766:
628:be moved to the
601:Foreign Minister
552:guerilla warfare
530:, as well as at
156:Újvidék massacre
55:
35:
34:
5912:
5911:
5907:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5811:
5803:
5795:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5697:
5689:
5681:
5670:
5662:
5654:
5646:
5638:
5630:
5622:
5614:
5606:
5598:
5590:
5582:
5574:
5566:
5551:
5543:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5315:
5307:
5299:
5291:
5283:
5275:
5267:
5259:
5251:
5236:
5228:
5220:
5212:
5204:
5196:
5190:Antwerp bombing
5188:
5180:
5172:
5157:
5149:
5141:
5133:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5103:Munich massacre
5101:
5093:
5078:
5070:
5062:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5023:
5016:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4808:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4692:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4543:
4536:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4451:
4436:
4432:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4394:Campbell pogrom
4392:
4386:Hebron massacre
4384:
4376:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4152:Zablotov pogrom
4150:
4142:
4134:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4031:Damascus affair
4029:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3933:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3892:Lisbon massacre
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3723:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3577:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3532:
3519:
3457:
3423:
3421:Further reading
3418:
3412:
3388:
3364:
3342:
3318:
3294:
3273:
3254:
3230:
3206:
3184:
3160:
3139:
3118:
3096:
3075:
3059:Lemkin, Raphael
3051:
3030:
3009:
2986:
2965:
2944:
2923:
2902:
2881:
2857:Bloxham, Donald
2849:
2825:
2803:
2798:
2789:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2623:
2619:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2493:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2453:Wood, Nicholas"
2452:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2412:
2408:
2389:
2385:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2359:
2351:
2344:
2336:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2218:, p. 189;
2214:, p. 503;
2210:
2206:
2198:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2150:
2142:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2098:
2092:Tomasevich 2001
2090:
2086:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2041:Tomasevich 2001
2039:
2030:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1997:Tomasevich 2001
1995:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1973:Tomasevich 2001
1971:
1964:
1958:Pavlowitch 2007
1956:
1947:
1941:Tomasevich 2001
1939:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1881:Tomasevich 2001
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1857:Tomasevich 2001
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1833:Tomasevich 2001
1831:
1827:
1821:Pavlowitch 2007
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1758:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1719:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1563:
1529:
1492:László Bárdossy
1430:
733:
721:
680:
651:
646:
637:László Bárdossy
581:
548:Josip Broz Tito
499:
494:
453:interwar period
429:Danube Banovina
321:
109:
58:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5910:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5832:1942 in Serbia
5817:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5801:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5707:
5705:
5696:
5695:
5687:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5660:
5652:
5644:
5636:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5604:
5596:
5588:
5580:
5572:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5541:
5533:
5525:
5516:
5514:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5452:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5431:
5428:Matzuva attack
5424:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5396:
5389:
5382:
5374:
5372:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5353:
5345:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5305:
5297:
5293:Purim massacre
5289:
5281:
5273:
5265:
5257:
5248:
5246:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5230:Purim stabbing
5226:
5218:
5210:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5178:
5169:
5167:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5147:
5139:
5131:
5123:
5115:
5107:
5099:
5090:
5088:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5068:
5064:Tripoli pogrom
5060:
5052:
5044:
5035:
5033:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5013:
5011:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4992:
4989:Cairo bombings
4985:
4978:
4971:
4963:
4961:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4913:
4911:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4877:
4875:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4820:
4818:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4798:
4791:
4788:Luduș massacre
4784:
4776:
4774:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4740:
4738:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4723:Sarny massacre
4719:
4712:
4704:
4702:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4555:
4553:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4538:Dorohoi pogrom
4533:
4531:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4512:
4509:Dynów massacre
4505:
4497:
4495:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4468:
4466:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4430:
4426:Przytyk pogrom
4422:
4414:
4410:Thrace pogroms
4406:
4398:
4390:
4382:
4378:Safed massacre
4374:
4359:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4279:
4277:
4267:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4192:Siedlce pogrom
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4131:
4129:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4102:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4064:
4062:
4059:Russian Empire
4052:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4015:Safed massacre
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3967:Tétouan pogrom
3963:
3955:
3947:
3943:Safed massacre
3939:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3860:Cordoba pogrom
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3778:
3768:
3767:
3759:
3755:Navarre pogrom
3751:
3742:
3740:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3667:
3665:
3655:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3574:
3572:
3571:Jewish revolts
3565:
3564:
3556:
3547:
3545:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3476:
3470:
3456:
3455:External links
3453:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3396:Zuroff, Efraim
3392:
3386:
3368:
3362:
3346:
3340:
3322:
3316:
3302:Thompson, Mark
3298:
3292:
3277:
3271:
3258:
3252:
3234:
3228:
3210:
3204:
3188:
3182:
3168:Patai, Raphael
3164:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3100:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3055:
3049:
3034:
3028:
3013:
3007:
2990:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2948:
2942:
2927:
2921:
2906:
2900:
2885:
2879:
2861:Moses, A. Dirk
2853:
2847:
2829:
2823:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2772:
2753:
2751:, p. 525.
2741:
2729:
2704:
2692:
2690:, p. 231.
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2637:Iordanova 2003
2629:
2617:
2615:, p. 191.
2613:Cornelius 2011
2602:
2600:, p. 121.
2590:
2578:
2576:, p. 590.
2563:
2561:, p. 520.
2551:
2525:
2513:
2511:, p. 109.
2501:
2479:
2465:
2446:
2444:, p. 504.
2434:
2427:
2406:
2383:
2370:
2357:
2355:, p. 187.
2353:Golubović 1992
2342:
2340:, p. 329.
2330:
2328:, p. 149.
2318:
2309:, p. 176.
2299:
2287:
2285:, p. 355.
2272:
2270:, p. 132.
2260:
2258:, p. 189.
2256:Cornelius 2011
2239:
2237:, p. 209.
2224:
2216:Cornelius 2011
2204:
2200:Golubović 1992
2185:
2173:
2171:, p. 503.
2148:
2146:, p. 550.
2131:
2119:
2096:
2094:, p. 583.
2084:
2082:, p. 114.
2069:
2067:, p. 107.
2057:
2045:
2028:
2026:, p. 179.
2013:
2011:, p. 631.
2001:
1989:
1987:, p. 138.
1977:
1975:, p. 171.
1962:
1945:
1943:, p. 170.
1928:
1916:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1861:
1859:, p. 272.
1849:
1837:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1792:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1744:Serbo-Croatian
1733:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1715:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1674:
1643:Knjiga o Blamu
1639:Serbo-Croatian
1620:Serbo-Croatian
1608:Serbo-Croatian
1600:'s 1962 novel
1568:Serbo-Croatian
1562:
1559:
1545:apologised in
1538:In June 2013,
1528:
1525:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
865:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
771:
753:Rudolph Rummel
732:
729:
720:
717:
679:
676:
650:
647:
645:
642:
634:Prime Minister
618:Wilhelm Keitel
591:On 5 January,
580:
577:
554:, and because
498:
495:
493:
490:
481:Serbo-Croatian
320:
317:
209:, followed by
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
110:
107:
104:
103:
94:Predominantly
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5909:
5898:
5897:Rusyn history
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5754:Netiv HaAsara
5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5719:Ein HaShlosha
5716:
5713:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5569:
5568:Itamar attack
5565:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5436:
5435:Hebron ambush
5432:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5386:Hadera attack
5383:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4854:
4850:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4839:Kraków pogrom
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4687:
4686:The Holocaust
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:Švenčionėliai
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4581:Kaunas (June)
4578:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4517:
4516:Silc massacre
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4481:
4480:Kristallnacht
4477:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4444:
4440:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4364:
4363:Oradea pogrom
4360:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4240:Kielce pogrom
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4200:Shiraz pogrom
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4007:Hebron pogrom
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3983:Hep-Hep riots
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3900:Hebron pogrom
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3511:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3413:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3104:Mazower, Mark
3101:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2833:Bauer, Yehuda
2830:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2745:
2739:, p. 52.
2738:
2733:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2700:Thompson 2013
2696:
2689:
2688:Neubauer 2006
2684:
2682:
2674:
2673:Thompson 2013
2669:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2649:Thompson 2013
2645:
2638:
2633:
2627:, p. 73.
2626:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2599:
2594:
2588:, p. 14.
2587:
2582:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2555:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2505:
2489:
2483:
2475:
2469:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2419:Miklós Horthy
2416:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2183:, p. 88.
2182:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2055:, p. 73.
2054:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1960:, p. 84.
1959:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1926:, p. 75.
1925:
1920:
1914:, p. 87.
1913:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1895:, p. 70.
1894:
1889:
1883:, p. 62.
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1823:, p. 49.
1822:
1817:
1811:, p. 15.
1810:
1805:
1796:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1702:In 2022, the
1700:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1580:András Kovács
1575:
1573:
1569:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Sándor Képíró
1509:
1505:
1504:Efraim Zuroff
1499:
1497:
1496:Miklós Kállay
1493:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:Miklós Horthy
1435:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
772:
769:
768:
765:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
737:
728:
726:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
694:
689:
686:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
641:
638:
635:
631:
630:Eastern Front
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:Field marshal
611:
610:
605:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
576:
573:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
489:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:magyarization
465:
462:
458:
454:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
425:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
404:Volksdeutsche
400:
399:ethnic German
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
377:known as the
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
330:
325:
316:
314:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
287:Sándor Képíró
284:
280:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:, (or simply
157:
153:
149:
145:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
49:
46:
41:
38:Novi Sad Raid
36:
31:
27:
26:
22:
5683:Israel riots
5675:2020–present
5328:21st century
5269:AMIA bombing
4853:Cairo pogrom
4434:Brest pogrom
4224:Skver pogrom
4121:20th century
4098:Corfu pogrom
3999:Tzfat pogrom
3908:Safed pogrom
3884:Arles pogrom
3836:1391 pogroms
3701:Ham massacre
3642:Fez massacre
3466:
3461:
3400:
3376:
3353:
3330:
3306:
3282:
3262:
3242:
3218:
3195:
3172:
3148:
3127:
3107:
3084:
3063:
3039:
3018:
2998:
2994:
2974:
2953:
2932:
2911:
2890:
2869:
2837:
2813:
2801:Bibliography
2788:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2756:
2744:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2695:
2675:, p. 3.
2668:
2661:Mazower 2008
2656:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2593:
2581:
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2538:the original
2528:
2516:
2504:
2492:. Retrieved
2482:
2468:
2458:
2449:
2437:
2418:
2409:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2338:Mazower 2008
2333:
2321:
2302:
2290:
2263:
2220:Ungváry 2011
2207:
2176:
2122:
2115:Ungváry 2011
2087:
2060:
2053:Ungváry 2011
2048:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1924:Ungváry 2011
1919:
1893:Ungváry 2011
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1809:Roberts 1973
1804:
1795:
1778:
1769:
1737:
1701:
1698:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1650:
1649:' 1991 book
1647:Tibor Cseres
1634:
1628:
1615:
1601:
1583:
1582:' 1966 film
1576:
1564:
1537:
1530:
1515:
1500:
1489:
1481:Crna Ćuprija
1456:World War II
1449:
1441:Nazi Germany
1431:
762:Yehuda Bauer
742:
722:
702:
690:
681:
652:
632:. Hungarian
607:
590:
582:
572:anti-Semitic
568:
508:Bačka Topola
500:
466:
441:
402:
375:puppet state
334:
291:
275:
192:
188:
174:, after the
172:World War II
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
141:
131:Perpetrators
23:
5032:1950s–1960s
4804:(1944–1945)
4688:(1941–1945)
4437: [
4366: [
4276:(1918–1920)
4248:Lwów pogrom
4216:Lwów pogrom
4160:Kiev pogrom
4061:(1881–1884)
3951:Mawza Exile
3937:(1648–1657)
3777:(1348–1350)
3765:(1336–1339)
3711:(1189–1190)
3372:Yahil, Leni
2749:Byford 2013
2737:Mojzes 2011
2598:Mojzes 2011
2559:Byford 2011
2544:2 September
2521:Byford 2013
2307:Rummel 1998
2295:Mojzes 2011
2235:Zuroff 2009
2181:Mojzes 2011
2080:Byford 2011
2024:Levene 2013
2009:Lemkin 2008
1912:Mojzes 2011
1869:Lemkin 2008
1845:Lemkin 2008
1594:Hideg napok
1516:in absentia
725:Stari Bečej
709:László Deák
556:South Slavs
457:World War I
352:coup d'état
271:hypothermia
126:3,000–4,000
113:Mass murder
108:Attack type
19:‹ The
5826:Categories
4889:Kunmadaras
4298:Justingrad
3806:Strasbourg
2809:Banac, Ivo
2790:2023-03-25
2625:Burns 1996
2574:Patai 1996
2442:Yahil 1991
2403:0820304697
2326:Bauer 1996
2283:Cymet 2010
2268:Klajn 2007
2212:Yahil 1991
2169:Yahil 1991
2144:Patai 1996
2127:Sajti 2003
2065:Banac 1988
1985:Ramet 2006
1762:References
1598:Danilo Kiš
1543:János Áder
1460:Yugoslavia
1388:All places
949:Gospođinci
909:Gardinovci
817:Hungarians
757:Leni Yahil
731:Casualties
693:Leni Yahil
660:Gospođinci
579:Escalation
348:Yugoslavia
319:Background
313:war crimes
309:János Áder
283:Yugoslavia
263:Hungarians
211:Gospođinci
178:of former
5560:2010–2019
5513:2004–2009
5335:2000–2009
4867:1946–1999
4588:Szczuczyn
4560:Bucharest
4457:1938–1945
4333:Proskurov
4291:Radomyshl
4208:The Tritl
4128:1900–1937
3927:1600–1899
3739:1300–1599
3626:1000–1299
3605:(614–617)
3597:(351–352)
3589:(132–136)
3522:Massacres
1707:canonized
1655:Hungarian
1616:Hourglass
1590:Hungarian
1585:Cold Days
1555:Vojvodina
1432:In 1943,
719:Aftermath
540:communist
473:Hungarian
368:Vojvodina
306:President
302:relations
235:Hungarian
170:, during
102:civilians
66:Southern
28:is being
5747:Nahal Oz
5740:Kissufim
5733:Kfar Aza
5457:Istanbul
4651:Babi Yar
4616:Jedwabne
4023:Allahdad
3613:(628 CE)
3528:against
3398:(2009).
3374:(1991).
3328:(2001).
3304:(2013).
3240:(1973).
3216:(2006).
3194:(2007).
3170:(1996).
3106:(2008).
3061:(2008).
2867:(eds.).
2835:(1996).
2811:(1988).
2722:27 April
2494:30 April
2417:(1980).
1752:Salonika
1729:Endnotes
1717:See also
1624:Peščanik
1612:Psalm 44
1603:Psalm 44
1547:Belgrade
1471:Novi Sad
1189:Srbobran
1149:Novi Sad
822:Russians
787:Children
715:writes.
644:Timeline
560:Chetniks
544:Partisan
528:Novi Sad
524:Subotica
486:Délvidék
417:occupied
413:Belgrade
383:Croatian
346:invaded
259:Russians
231:Novi Sad
195:Partisan
180:Yugoslav
160:The Raid
63:Location
43:Part of
32:. ›
21:template
5782:Yakhini
5650:(2019)
4975:Djerada
4968:Tripoli
4896:Miskolc
4679:Rumbula
4637:Tykocin
4567:Antwerp
4428:(1936)
4312:Zviahel
3581:(66–73)
3526:pogroms
1750:, lit.
1506:of the
1229:Temerin
1109:Mošorin
989:Đurđevo
792:Elderly
668:Temerin
492:Prelude
344:Hungary
336:Germany
298:Hungary
279:Hungary
239:Újvidék
223:Đurđevo
219:Temerin
203:Germany
168:Hungary
5807:(2024)
5799:(2023)
5761:Nir Oz
5712:Be'eri
5693:(2022)
5685:(2021)
5666:(2019)
5658:(2019)
5642:(2018)
5634:(2017)
5626:(2016)
5618:(2015)
5610:(2014)
5602:(2014)
5594:(2014)
5586:(2012)
5578:(2012)
5570:(2011)
5547:(2008)
5539:(2006)
5531:(2004)
5523:(2004)
5311:(1997)
5303:(1997)
5295:(1996)
5287:(1995)
5279:(1994)
5271:(1994)
5263:(1991)
5255:(1990)
5232:(1989)
5224:(1986)
5216:(1985)
5208:(1982)
5200:(1981)
5192:(1981)
5184:(1980)
5176:(1980)
5153:(1979)
5145:(1978)
5137:(1975)
5129:(1974)
5121:(1974)
5113:(1972)
5105:(1972)
5097:(1970)
5074:(1968)
5066:(1967)
5058:(1956)
5050:(1954)
5042:(1952)
4946:Manama
4939:Aleppo
4882:Kielce
4658:Odessa
4630:Ponary
4623:Farhud
4609:Wąsosz
4447:(1937)
4420:(1936)
4412:(1934)
4404:(1934)
4396:(1931)
4388:(1929)
4380:(1929)
4372:(1927)
4357:(1921)
4326:Fastov
4250:(1918)
4242:(1918)
4234:(1917)
4226:(1917)
4218:(1914)
4210:(1912)
4202:(1910)
4194:(1906)
4186:(1906)
4178:(1905)
4170:(1905)
4162:(1905)
4154:(1903)
4146:(1903)
4138:(1902)
4108:(1898)
4100:(1891)
4076:Warsaw
4049:(1871)
4041:(1859)
4033:(1840)
4025:(1839)
4017:(1838)
4009:(1834)
4001:(1834)
3993:(1821)
3985:(1819)
3977:(1805)
3969:(1790)
3961:(1768)
3953:(1679)
3945:(1660)
3918:(1536)
3910:(1517)
3902:(1517)
3894:(1506)
3886:(1484)
3878:(1478)
3870:(1474)
3862:(1473)
3854:(1465)
3846:(1401)
3838:(1391)
3830:(1370)
3813:Zurich
3799:Speyer
3785:Erfurt
3757:(1328)
3749:(1320)
3719:(1298)
3703:(1143)
3686:Mainz
3679:Speyer
3664:(1096)
3652:(1066)
3644:(1033)
3636:(1013)
3408:
3384:
3360:
3338:
3314:
3290:
3269:
3250:
3226:
3202:
3180:
3156:
3135:
3114:
3092:
3071:
3047:
3026:
3005:
2982:
2961:
2940:
2919:
2898:
2877:
2845:
2821:
2425:
2401:
1572:Racija
1561:Legacy
1485:Žabalj
1454:after
1349:Šajkaš
1029:Žabalj
869:Vilovo
812:Rusyns
807:Romani
705:Štrand
672:Žabalj
595:, the
586:Žabalj
516:Odžaci
477:German
448:Jewish
433:Danube
409:Syrmia
356:regent
294:Serbia
267:Danube
255:Rusyns
251:Romani
227:Žabalj
154:, the
150:, the
123:Deaths
100:Jewish
91:Target
76:Serbia
5775:Re'im
5768:Nirim
5726:Holit
5245:1990s
5166:1980s
5087:1970s
4574:Gabès
4445:]
4370:]
4319:Pinsk
4305:Skver
3792:Basel
3672:Worms
3544:1–999
2997:[
1409:1,068
1406:2,578
1394:1,965
1391:3,809
1309:Čurug
1269:Titel
1153:1,246
829:Bečej
797:Serbs
782:Women
773:Total
770:Place
664:Titel
655:Čurug
542:-led
520:Bečej
512:Begeč
437:Tisza
420:Bačka
391:Banat
364:Peter
340:Italy
329:Bačka
243:Serbs
215:Titel
207:Čurug
184:Bačka
68:Bačka
5449:2003
5371:2002
5342:2001
5010:1949
4960:1948
4932:Aden
4910:1947
4874:1946
4817:1945
4773:1944
4737:1943
4701:1942
4602:Lviv
4595:Iași
4552:1941
4530:1940
4494:1939
4465:1938
4340:Kiev
4284:Lida
4069:Kiev
3562:(66)
3554:(38)
3530:Jews
3406:ISBN
3382:ISBN
3358:ISBN
3336:ISBN
3312:ISBN
3288:ISBN
3267:ISBN
3248:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3200:ISBN
3178:ISBN
3154:ISBN
3133:ISBN
3112:ISBN
3090:ISBN
3069:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3024:ISBN
3003:ISBN
2980:ISBN
2959:ISBN
2938:ISBN
2917:ISBN
2896:ISBN
2875:ISBN
2843:ISBN
2819:ISBN
2767:help
2724:2017
2546:2013
2496:2017
2423:ISBN
2399:ISBN
2313:help
1709:the
1661:).
1574:).
802:Jews
670:and
662:and
536:Baja
534:and
532:Pécs
526:and
475:and
446:and
444:Serb
372:Axis
360:Paul
342:and
296:and
281:and
261:and
247:Jews
245:and
225:and
142:The
98:and
96:Serb
83:Date
3524:or
2457:",
1788:MEK
1421:15
1403:440
1400:477
1397:927
1328:842
1325:104
1319:153
1316:554
1313:893
1183:15
1171:809
1168:375
1165:177
1162:165
1159:415
1156:489
1128:170
1113:205
1069:Lok
1048:614
1042:101
1039:141
1036:355
1033:666
1008:173
996:107
993:223
851:110
848:102
836:111
833:215
777:Men
723:In
504:Ada
5828::
4443:pl
4441:;
4439:de
4368:hu
2859:;
2783:.
2707:^
2680:^
2605:^
2566:^
2397:;
2393:,
2345:^
2275:^
2242:^
2227:^
2188:^
2151:^
2134:^
2099:^
2072:^
2031:^
2016:^
1965:^
1948:^
1931:^
1900:^
1746::
1657::
1641::
1622::
1610::
1592::
1570::
1418:21
1415:31
1412:64
1383:-
1368:25
1356:24
1353:26
1343:-
1331:44
1322:82
1303:-
1288:49
1276:45
1273:51
1263:-
1251:42
1245:12
1239:15
1236:14
1233:48
1223:-
1180:18
1143:-
1134:34
1125:26
1122:44
1119:41
1116:94
1103:-
1088:46
1076:46
1073:47
1063:-
1054:23
1051:28
1045:69
1023:-
1017:27
1011:22
1005:15
1002:41
999:60
983:-
971:10
968:73
962:15
959:19
956:47
953:85
943:-
928:37
916:32
913:37
903:-
888:64
876:44
873:64
863:-
845:19
842:13
839:72
747:,
616:)
562:,
522:,
518:,
514:,
510:,
506:,
385::
358:,
338:,
257:,
253:,
237::
221:,
217:,
213:,
115:,
70:,
3514:e
3507:t
3500:v
3465:(
3414:.
3390:.
3366:.
3344:.
3320:.
3296:.
3275:.
3256:.
3232:.
3208:.
3186:.
3162:.
3141:.
3120:.
3098:.
3077:.
3053:.
3032:.
3011:.
2988:.
2967:.
2946:.
2925:.
2904:.
2883:.
2851:.
2827:.
2793:.
2769:)
2763:.
2726:.
2548:.
2498:.
2476:.
2431:.
2315:)
1790:)
1786:(
1742:(
1653:(
1637:(
1618:(
1606:(
1588:(
1566:(
1380:-
1377:-
1374:-
1371:1
1365:-
1362:-
1359:2
1340:-
1337:-
1334:7
1300:-
1297:-
1294:-
1291:1
1285:5
1282:1
1279:-
1260:-
1257:-
1254:-
1248:6
1242:7
1220:-
1217:-
1214:-
1211:2
1208:2
1205:-
1202:-
1199:-
1196:3
1193:3
1177:2
1174:-
1140:1
1137:-
1131:-
1100:1
1097:-
1094:-
1091:-
1085:1
1082:-
1079:-
1060:1
1057:-
1020:-
1014:-
980:-
977:2
974:-
965:4
940:-
937:-
934:-
931:-
925:2
922:-
919:3
900:-
897:-
894:-
891:-
885:6
882:8
879:6
860:-
857:-
854:-
612:(
401:(
381:(
233:(
78:)
74:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
