5442:
9137:
9158:
7653:
4376:
3852:
7519:
4862:
6540:
8409:(A) Microbial interactions range from mutually beneficial to harmful for one or more partners. Blue double headed arrows highlight that relationships can move between classifications often influenced by environmental conditions. (B) Host-microbe symbioses should be considered within the context of microbial communities where the host participates in multiple and often different symbiotic relationships. (C) Microbial communities are influenced by a variety of microbe-microbe symbioses ranging from cooperation (e.g., syntrophy or co-metabolism) to competition. Arrows depict generally beneficial (blue) and detrimental (red) outcomes for one (single arrowhead) or both (double arrowhead) members. Note as with host-microbe symbioses these relationships can be viewed as fluid and influenced by environmental conditions.
5522:
1265:
7462:
1223:
7945:
1932:
1814:
6048:
3894:
7256:
8568:
6497:
6800:
8150:
6060:
3039:
4843:
9057:
5193:
2878:
5636:
8526:
8065:
8112:
7276:
6358:
6328:
4361:
9722:
6612:
6596:
8096:
9527:
8046:
3053:
7695:
21272:; Daria Rybakova, Doreen Fischer, Tomislav Cernava, Marie-Christine Champomier Vergès, Trevor Charles, Xiaoyulong Chen, Luca Cocolin, Kellye Eversole, Gema Herrero Corral, Maria Kazou, Linda Kinkel, Lene Lange, Nelson Lima, Alexander Loy, James A. Macklin, Emmanuelle Maguin, Tim Mauchline, Ryan McClure, Birgit Mitter, Matthew Ryan, Inga Sarand, Hauke Smidt, Bettina Schelkle, Hugo Roume, G. Seghal Kiran, Joseph Selvin, Rafael Soares Correa de Souza, Leo van Overbeek, Brajesh K. Singh, Michael Wagner, Aaron Walsh, Angela Sessitsch and Michael Schloter (2020) "Microbiome definition re-visited: old concepts and new challenges".
6779:
9515:
5423:
6127:
9539:
9240:
5298:
7929:
3070:
8554:
3318:
9868:
3603:
3275:
9503:
7446:
2989:
9224:
3024:
8224:
8737:
8189:
4955:
9088:
1608:
6703:
6628:
5208:
8177:
8646:
978:
3140:
7893:
5620:
4343:
3521:
4548:
9404:
3821:
9914:. Environmental selection in a trait‐based global marine ecosystem model was then linking emergent growth and cellular allocation strategies to large‐scale patterns in light, nutrients and temperature in the surface marine environment. Global predictions of cellular resource allocation and stoichiometry (N:P ratio) were consistent with patterns in metatranscriptome data and latitudinal patterns in the elemental ratios of marine plankton and organic matter. The three‐dimensional view of ribosome shows rRNA in dark blue and dark red. Lighter colours represent
9136:
7429:
5169:
2160:
5558:
3004:
1180:
8132:
5411:
9886:
3837:
3297:
6036:
215:
5454:
4914:
3117:
2521:
9962:
8721:
2551:
8948:
5369:
5355:
6389:
1244:
8205:
5313:
8304:
7496:
5690:
7730:
7238:
5899:
4324:
22052:
5226:
3876:
5061:
3343:
7709:
5884:
4532:
5469:
2192:
9016:
8401:
7175:
2484:
6080:
8540:
3099:
962:
8700:
3363:
2783:
6092:
5325:
9198:
3722:
7636:
939:
3671:
6206:
5995:
4395:
9471:
9455:
9439:
8685:
6313:
6301:
6170:
6158:
5488:
4598:
4210:
4198:
4186:
4174:
3803:
3192:
3180:
3168:
9387:
6719:
1721:. They are a common and diverse group of viruses and are the most abundant biological entity in marine environments, because their hosts, bacteria, are typically the numerically dominant cellular life in the sea. Generally there are about 1 million to 10 million viruses in each mL of seawater, or about ten times more double-stranded DNA viruses than there are cellular organisms, although estimates of viral abundance in seawater can vary over a wide range. For a long time,
4305:
8763:
6270:
6559:
3650:
3499:
2256:
8031:
5601:
7908:
1375:
8782:
6115:
1441:
4117:, where they occupy different vertical zones depending on how tolerant they are to submersion. Some lichens live a long time; one species has been dated at 8,600 years. However their lifespan is difficult to measure because what defines the same lichen is not precise. Lichens grow by vegetatively breaking off a piece, which may or may not be defined as the same lichen, and two lichens of different ages can merge, raising the issue of whether it is the same lichen.
6370:
5540:
7554:
7311:
6258:
5986:
6685:
2570:
22619:
698:
6577:
3085:
6197:
10057:
9367:
7542:
7142:
6975:
1915:
7995:
6518:
5265:
7678:
33:
3925:
3585:
7323:
2918:
7477:
5256:
8588:
10012:
the deep subsurface and ‘extreme’ environments. Microorganisms date back to the origin of life on Earth at least 3.8 billion years ago, and they will likely exist well beyond any future extinction events... Unless we appreciate the importance of microbial processes, we fundamentally limit our understanding of Earth's biosphere and response to climate change and thus jeopardize efforts to create an environmentally sustainable future.
6669:
4566:
1159:
1321:
10043:
155:
9157:
5181:
1340:
2454:
8633:
2728:
6721:
6726:
6724:
6720:
5334:
1669:
1617:
1123:
6725:
3910:
2469:
8251:
1898:
8656:
1685:
21745:
21584:
21360:
21291:
21177:
21116:
20898:
19721:
19517:
19481:
19446:
19170:
19048:
10412:
8008:
1825:
6643:
7031:
2841:
62:
21081:
6723:
7118:
2121:
5764:(>30) and contains an abundance of resource-acquisition machinery to sustain growth under scarce resources. Bloomer phytoplankton has a low N:P ratio (<10), contains a high proportion of growth machinery and is adapted to exponential growth. Generalist phytoplankton has similar N:P to the Redfield ratio and contain relatively equal resource-acquisition and growth machinery.
6340:
6464:
1600:
8321:
2906:
8212:
3207:
5581:
8629:(DOM), which can be readily taken up by microorganisms. Viral shunting helps maintain diversity within the microbial ecosystem by preventing a single species of marine microbe from dominating the micro-environment. The DOM recycled by the viral shunt pathway is comparable to the amount generated by the other main sources of marine DOM.
3780:. This means the deformation of one cilium is in phase with the deformation of its neighbor, causing deformation waves that propagate along the surface of the organism. These propagating waves of cilia are what allow the organism to use the cilia in a coordinated manner to move. A typical example of a ciliated microorganism is the
4983:
3226:
1432:. According to one researcher, "You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are." Marine microorganisms serve as "the foundation of all marine food webs, recycling major elements and producing and consuming about half the organic matter generated on Earth each year".
6739:
4902:
8223:
4890:
3851:
8904:
are also a part of the hydrothermal vent microbial community and their influence on the microbial ecology in these ecosystems is a burgeoning field of research. Viruses are the most abundant life in the ocean, harboring the greatest reservoir of genetic diversity. As their infections are often fatal,
3775:
generally have hundreds to thousands of cilia that are densely packed together in arrays. During movement, an individual cilium deforms using a high-friction power stroke followed by a low-friction recovery stroke. Since there are multiple cilia packed together on an individual organism, they display
14194:
Adl SM, Simpson AG, Farmer MA, Andersen RA, Anderson OR, Barta JR, Bowser SS, Brugerolle G, Fensome RA, Fredericq S, James TY, Karpov S, Kugrens P, Krug J, Lane CE, Lewis LA, Lodge J, Lynn DH, Mann DG, McCourt RM, Mendoza L, Moestrup O, Mozley-Standridge SE, Nerad TA, Shearer CA, Smirnov AV, Spiegel
9383:
It would be difficult to consistently separate out these two microbes using images alone. However, if their barcodes are aligned to each other and their bases are coloured to see them more clearly, it becomes easy to see which bases are different between these two microbes. In this manner, millions
8851:
are moving apart and spreading. This allows water from the ocean to enter into the crust of the earth where it is heated by the magma. The increasing pressure and temperature forces the water back out of these openings, on the way out, the water accumulates dissolved minerals and chemicals from the
5751:
found similarities between the composition of elements in phytoplankton and the major dissolved nutrients in the deep ocean. Redfield proposed that the ratio of carbon to nitrogen to phosphorus (106:16:1) in the ocean was controlled by the phytoplankton's requirements, as phytoplankton subsequently
2665:. Eukaryotes are the more developed life forms known as plants, animals, fungi and protists. The term protist came into use historically as a term of convenience for eukaryotes that cannot be strictly classified as plants, animals or fungi. They are not a part of modern cladistics, because they are
10011:
Microorganisms have key roles in carbon and nutrient cycling, animal (including human) and plant health, agriculture and the global food web. Microorganisms live in all environments on Earth that are occupied by macroscopic organisms, and they are the sole life forms in other environments, such as
9880:
from environmental, imaging, and meta-omics data. A semi-automatic computational pipeline is schematized for combining biomarkers with biogeochemical data that can be incorporated into classic biogeochemical models for creating a next generation of biogeochemical trait-based meta-omics models by
9708:
The new sequencing technologies and the accumulation of sequence data have resulted in a paradigm shift, highlighted both the ubiquity of microbial communities in association within higher organisms and the critical roles of microbes in ecosystem health. These new possibilities have revolutionized
8364:
which killed the dinosaurs 66 million years ago also rendered extinct three-quarters of all other animal and plant species. However, deep-sea benthic forams flourished in the aftermath. In 2020 it was reported that researchers have examined the chemical composition of thousands of samples of these
9412:
Three different possibilities to process the sample are using raw samples, fixation or preservation, and filtration. For microscopy and flow cytometry raw samples either are measured immediately or have to be fixed for later measurements. Since molecular methods, pigment analysis and detection of
5763:
However, the
Redfield ratio is not a universal value and can change with things like geographical latitude. Based on allocation of resources, phytoplankton can be classified into three different growth strategies: survivalist, bloomer and generalist. Survivalist phytoplankton has a high N:P ratio
2946:
Protists are highly diverse organisms currently organised into 18 phyla, but are not easy to classify. Studies have shown high protist diversity exists in oceans, deep sea-vents and river sediments, suggesting a large number of eukaryotic microbial communities have yet to be discovered. There has
9350:
5727:
Research in 2019 shows these "sun-snatching bacteria" are more widespread than previously thought and could change how oceans are affected by global warming. "The findings break from the traditional interpretation of marine ecology found in textbooks, which states that nearly all sunlight in the
1873:
The discovery and subsequent characterization of giant viruses has triggered some debate concerning their evolutionary origins. The two main hypotheses for their origin are that either they evolved from small viruses, picking up DNA from host organisms, or that they evolved from very complicated
18839:
Westerhold, Thomas; Marwan, Norbert; Drury, Anna Joy; Liebrand, Diederik; Agnini, Claudia; Anagnostou, Eleni; Barnet, James S. K.; Bohaty, Steven M.; De
Vleeschouwer, David; Florindo, Fabio; Frederichs, Thomas; Hodell, David A.; Holbourn, Ann E.; Kroon, Dick; Lauretano, Vittoria; Littler, Kate;
21564:
Capotondi, A., Jacox, M., Bowler, C., Kavanaugh, M., Lehodey, P., Barrie, D., Brodie, S., Chaffron, S., Cheng, W., Dias, D.F., Eveillard, D. and 20 others (2019) "Observational needs supporting marine ecosystems modeling and forecasting: from the global ocean to regional and coastal systems".
9168:
Comparative representation of the known and estimated (small box) and the yet unknown (large box) microbial diversity, which applies to both marine and terrestrial microorganisms. The text boxes refer to factors that adversely affect the knowledge of the microbial diversity that exists on the
8840:
formed during the melting sea ice creates pores and channels in the sea ice in which these microbes can live. As a result of these gradients and dynamic conditions, a higher abundance of microbes are found in the lower layer of the ice, although some are found in the middle and upper layers.
19849:
Kádár, Enikõ; Costa, Valentina; Santos, Ricardo S.; Powell, Jonathan J. (July 2006). "Tissue partitioning of micro-essential metals in the vent bivalve
Bathymodiolus azoricus and associated organisms (endosymbiont bacteria and a parasite polychaete) from geochemically distinct vents of the
6020:
encased in elaborate globular shells usually made of silica and pierced with holes. Their name comes from the Latin for "radius". They catch prey by extending parts of their body through the holes. As with the silica frustules of diatoms, radiolarian shells can sink to the ocean floor when
8934:
their hosts to replicate. However, in contrast to their role as a source of mortality and population control, viruses have also been postulated to enhance survival of prokaryotes in extreme environments, acting as reservoirs of genetic information. The interactions of the virosphere with
19497:
Cavalcanti, G.S., Shukla, P., Morris, M., Ribeiro, B., Foley, M., Doane, M.P., Thompson, C.C., Edwards, M.S., Dinsdale, E.A. and
Thompson, F.L. (2018) "Rhodoliths holobionts in a changing ocean: host-microbes interactions mediate coralline algae resilience under ocean acidification".
4807:. It has been estimated there are 200,000-800,000 species of which about 50,000 species have been described. Depending on the species, their sizes range from a few micrometers (μm) to a few hundred micrometers. They are specially adapted to an environment dominated by viscous forces.
1785:
Microorganisms make up about 70% of the marine biomass. It is estimated viruses kill 20% of this biomass each day and that there are 15 times as many viruses in the oceans as there are bacteria and archaea. Viruses are the main agents responsible for the rapid destruction of harmful
10026:
era roughly 2 billion years ago. Over eons, the photosynthesis of marine microorganisms generated by oxygen has helped shape the chemical environment in the evolution of plants, animals and many other life forms. Marine microorganisms were first observed in 1675 by Dutch lensmaker
3212:
3211:
3208:
18978:
Willerslev, Eske; Froese, Duane; Gilichinsky, David; Rønn, Regin; Bunce, Michael; Zuber, Maria T.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Brand, Tina; Munch, Kasper; Nielsen, Rasmus; Mastepanov, Mikhail; Christensen, Torben R.; Hebsgaard, Martin B.; Johnson, Sarah
Stewart (4 September 2007).
2085:, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged first from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage. Bacteria were also involved in the second great evolutionary divergence, that of the archaea and eukaryotes. Here, eukaryotes resulted from the entering of ancient bacteria into
3213:
9738:. Previously unknown genes, pathways and even whole genomes are being discovered. These genome-editing technologies are used to retrieve and modify valuable microorganisms for production, particularly in marine metagenomics. Organisms may be cultivable or uncultivable.
8356:
in the shells, since lighter isotopes evaporate more readily in warmer water leaving the heavier isotopes in the shells. Information about past climates can be inferred further from the abundance of forams and diatoms, since they tend to be more abundant in warm water.
6742:
6469:
6468:
6466:
3231:
3230:
3228:
6741:
19150:
Theis, K.R., Dheilly, N.M., Klassen, J.L., Brucker, R.M., Baines, J.F., Bosch, T.C., Cryan, J.F., Gilbert, S.F., Goodnight, C.J., Lloyd, E.A. and Sapp, J. (2016) "Getting the hologenome concept right: an eco-evolutionary framework for hosts and their microbiomes".
6746:
6745:
6740:
2501:
6470:
3232:
6722:
1586:. However, they lack key characteristics (such as cell structure) that are generally considered necessary to count as life. Because they possess some but not all such qualities, viruses have been described as "organisms at the edge of life" and as replicators.
9006:
There is very little energy at greater depths, and metabolism can be up to a million times slower than at the surface. Cells may live for thousands of years before dividing and there is no known limit to their age. The subsurface accounts for about 90% of the
5099:
which grow rapidly and can double their population every day. The blooms can become toxic and deplete the water of oxygen. However, phytoplankton numbers are usually kept in check by the phytoplankton exhausting available nutrients and by grazing zooplankton.
4465:
into sugars that can be used both as a source of chemical energy and of organic molecules that are used in the structural components of cells. Marine primary producers are important because they underpin almost all marine animal life by generating most of the
1299:
While recent technological developments and scientific discoveries have been substantial, we still lack a major understanding at all levels of the basic ecological questions in relation to the microorganisms in our seas and oceans. These fundamental questions
6747:
20428:
Lollar, Garnet S.; Warr, Oliver; Telling, Jon; Osburn, Magdalena R.; Sherwood Lollar, Barbara (2019). "'Follow the Water': Hydrogeochemical
Constraints on Microbial Investigations 2.4 km Below Surface at the Kidd Creek Deep Fluid and Deep Life Observatory".
8149:
1660:. However they lack key characteristics such as a cellular structure generally considered necessary to count as life. Because they possess some but not all such qualities, viruses have been described as replicators and as "organisms at the edge of life".
3768:
in the flagella of bacteria is created by particles that conduct protons around the base of the flagellum. The direction of rotation of the flagella in bacteria comes from the occupancy of the proton channels along the perimeter of the flagellar motor.
8064:
16945:
5715:, previously unheard of in bacteria. These proteins found in the cell membranes are capable of converting light energy to biochemical energy due to a change in configuration of the rhodopsin molecule as sunlight strikes it, causing the pumping of a
5441:
4664:
and accounts for much of the photosynthesis of the open ocean and an estimated 20% of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. It is possibly the most plentiful genus on Earth: a single millilitre of surface seawater may contain 100,000 cells or more.
4620:. They are found almost everywhere on earth: in damp soil, in both freshwater and marine environments, and even on Antarctic rocks. In particular, some species occur as drifting cells floating in the ocean, and as such were amongst the first of the
5400:. Each frustule is made from two interlocking parts covered with tiny holes through which the diatom exchanges nutrients and wastes. The frustules of dead diatoms drift to the ocean floor where, over millions of years, they can build up as much as
4989:
4987:
4984:
3210:
1874:
organisms into the current form which is not self-sufficient for reproduction. What sort of complicated organism giant viruses might have diverged from is also a topic of debate. One proposal is that the origin point actually represents a fourth
9801:
has recently emerged as a field of research of its own. Omics aims at collectively characterising and quantifying pools of biological molecules that translate into the structure, function, and dynamics of an organism or organisms. For example,
2139:
21725:
Mock, T., Daines, S.J., Geider, R., Collins, S., Metodiev, M., Millar, A.J., Moulton, V. and Lenton, T.M. (2016) "Bridging the gap between omics and earth system science to better understand how environmental change impacts marine microbes".
10883:
Glud, Ronnie; Wenzhöfer, Frank; Middelboe, Mathias; Oguri, Kazumasa; Turnewitsch, Robert; Canfield, Donald E.; Kitazato, Hiroshi (17 March 2013). "High rates of microbial carbon turnover in sediments in the deepest oceanic trench on Earth".
5068:– naturally gives off red fluorescent light which dissipates excess solar energy they cannot consume through photosynthesis. This glow can be detected by satellites as an indicator of how efficiently ocean phytoplankton is photosynthesising.
4988:
4828:, has the appearance of a vascular plant including "leaves" arranged neatly up stalks like a fern. Selective breeding in aquariums to produce hardier strains resulted in an accidental release into the Mediterranean where it has become an
1655:
or organic structures that interact with living organisms. They are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce by creating multiple copies of themselves through self-assembly, and evolve through
6744:
6467:
3229:
8921:
evolutionary strategy in order to survive the extreme and volatile environment they exist in. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents were found to have high numbers of viruses indicating high viral production. Like in other marine environments,
9713:, because the analysis of genomes and metagenomes in a high-throughput manner provides efficient methods for addressing the functional potential of individual microorganisms as well as of whole communities in their natural habitats.
4375:
1386:
A stream of airborne microorganisms circles the planet above weather systems but below commercial air lanes. Some peripatetic microorganisms are swept up from terrestrial dust storms, but most originate from marine microorganisms in
16794:
Béja, O.; Aravind, L.; Koonin, E.V.; Suzuki, M.T.; Hadd, A.; Nguyen, L.P.; Jovanovich, S.B.; Gates, C.M.; Feldman, R.A.; Spudich, J.L.; Spudich, E.N. (2000). "Bacterial rhodopsin: evidence for a new type of phototrophy in the sea".
16698:
Béja, O.; Aravind, L.; Koonin, E.V.; Suzuki, M.T.; Hadd, A.; Nguyen, L.P.; Jovanovich, S.B.; Gates, C.M.; Feldman, R.A.; Spudich, J.L.; Spudich, E.N. (2000). "Bacterial rhodopsin: evidence for a new type of phototrophy in the sea".
9113:
of physics and cosmology, but is so-called for the difficulty in effectively studying it. It is hard to estimate its relative magnitude, but the accepted gross estimate is that less than one per cent of microbial species in a given
8372:
have extremely long lives. In 2013 researchers reported evidence of endoliths in the ocean floor, perhaps millions of years old, with a generation time of 10,000 years. These are slowly metabolizing and not in a dormant state. Some
12021:
Kauffman KM, Hussain FA, Yang J, Arevalo P, Brown JM, Chang WK, VanInsberghe D, Elsherbini J, Sharma RS, Cutler MB, Kelly L, Polz MF (2018). "A major lineage of non-tailed dsDNA viruses as unrecognized killers of marine bacteria".
3972:
feeding on dead organic matter from algae, corals, protozoan cysts, sea grasses, and other substrata. Spores of many species have special appendages which facilitate attachment to the substratum. Marine fungi can also be found in
8280:
comes from Greek, meaning "depth of the sea". Microbenthos are found everywhere on or about the seafloor of continental shelves, as well as in deeper waters, with greater diversity in or on seafloor sediments. In shallow waters,
18701:
Moheimani, N.R.; Webb, J.P.; Borowitzka, M.A. (2012), "Bioremediation and other potential applications of coccolithophorid algae: A review. . Bioremediation and other potential applications of coccolithophorid algae: A review",
1355:, which are harmless to plants and animals, but are essential to the regulation of saltwater and freshwater ecosystems. They infect and destroy bacteria in aquatic microbial communities, and are the most important mechanism of
6244:, and (rarely) of silica. Most forams are benthic, but about 40 species are planktic. They are widely researched with well established fossil records which allow scientists to infer a lot about past environments and climates.
5719:
from inside out and a subsequent inflow that generates the energy. The archaeal-like rhodopsins have subsequently been found among different taxa, protists as well as in bacteria and archaea, though they are rare in complex
2598:
prokaryotes and later evolved into the more complex eukaryotes. In contrast to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are highly organised. Prokaryotes are the bacteria and archaea, while eukaryotes are the other life forms —
5286:
form a (disputed) phylum containing about 100,000 recognised species of mainly unicellular algae. Diatoms generate about 20 per cent of the oxygen produced on the planet each year, take in over 6.7 billion metric tons of
3251:. Most protists are single-celled and microscopic. But there are exceptions. Some single-celled marine protists are macroscopic. Some marine slime molds have unique life cycles that involve switching between unicellular,
8991:
that resides below the first few meters of the surface. It extends at least 5 kilometers below the continental surface and 10.5 kilometers below the sea surface, with temperatures that may exceed 100 °C.
7652:
21218:
Venter, J.C., Remington, K., Heidelberg, J.F., Halpern, A.L., Rusch, D., Eisen, J.A., Wu, D., Paulsen, I., Nelson, K.E., Nelson, W. and Fouts, D.E. (2004) "Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the
Sargasso Sea".
1729:
seemed to dominate marine ecosystems in number and diversity of organisms. However, as a result of more recent research, non-tailed viruses appear to be dominant in multiple depths and oceanic regions, followed by the
1078:, causing disease and even death in plants and animals. As inhabitants of the largest environment on Earth, microbial marine systems drive changes in every global system. Microbes are responsible for virtually all the
20704:
Hedlund, Brian P.; Dodsworth, Jeremy A.; Murugapiran, Senthil K.; Rinke, Christian; Woyke, Tanja (2014). "Impact of single-cell genomics and metagenomics on the emerging view of extremophile "microbial dark matter"".
5728:
ocean is captured by chlorophyll in algae. Instead, rhodopsin-equipped bacteria function like hybrid cars, powered by organic matter when available — as most bacteria are — and by sunlight when nutrients are scarce."
3384:
can be placed. Some modern authors prefer to exclude multicellular organisms from the traditional definition of a protist, restricting protists to unicellular organisms. This more constrained definition excludes many
901:, both producing and consuming about half of all organic matter generated on the planet every year. As inhabitants of the largest environment on Earth, microbial marine systems drive changes in every global system.
4986:
2109:
in algae and plants. There are also some algae that originated from even later endosymbiotic events. Here, eukaryotes engulfed a eukaryotic algae that developed into a "second-generation" plastid. This is known as
4861:
3317:
8095:
8352:. The chemical composition of the shells are a consequence of the chemical composition of the ocean at the time the shells were formed. Past water temperatures can be also be inferred from the ratios of stable
9011:
in bacteria and archaea, and 15% of the total biomass for the biosphere. Eukaryotes are also found, mostly microscopic, but including some multicellular life. Viruses are also present and infect the microbes.
17744:
Schoemann, Véronique; Becquevort, Sylvie; Stefels, Jacqueline; Rousseau, Véronique; Lancelot, Christiane (1 January 2005). "Phaeocystis blooms in the global ocean and their controlling mechanisms: a review".
2080:
prevents them from being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution, or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species. However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct the bacterial
6908:
life cycle, ranging from free-living cells to large colonies. It has the ability to form floating colonies, where hundreds of cells are embedded in a gel matrix, which can increase massively in size during
17808:; Arrigo, K. R.; Lizotte, M. P.; Robinson, D. H.; Leventer, A.; Barry, J. P.; VanWoert, M. L.; Dunbar, R. B. (2000). "Rapid and early export of Phaeocystis antarctica blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica".
4360:
8831:
at the poles. The ice matrix they inhabit has strong vertical gradients of salinity, light, temperature and nutrients. Sea ice chemistry is most influenced by the salinity of the brine which affects the
3512:) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of some protists (as well as some bacteria). Flagellates use from one to several flagella for locomotion and sometimes as feeding and sensory
9102:
in the laboratory the vast majority of microorganisms. This applies particularly to bacteria and archaea, and is due to a lack of knowledge or ability to supply the required growth conditions. The term
5086:
Phytoplankton perform three crucial functions: they generate nearly half of the world atmospheric oxygen, they regulate ocean and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and they form the base of the marine
2159:
6539:
8111:
7364:. This refers to the two whip-like attachments (flagella) used for forward movement. Most dinoflagellates are protected with red-brown, cellulose armour. Like other phytoplankton, dinoflagellates are
5422:
1418:, the deepest spot in the Earth's oceans. Microorganisms live inside rocks 580 m (1,900 ft) below the sea floor under 2,590 m (8,500 ft) of ocean off the coast of the northwestern
9881:
considering their respective traits. Such novel meta-omics-enabled approaches aim to improve the monitoring and prediction of ocean processes while respecting the complexity of the planktonic system.
8720:
3342:
17473:
9109:
has come to be used to describe microorganisms scientists know are there but have been unable to culture, and whose properties therefore remain elusive. Microbial dark matter is unrelated to the
8051:
Coccolithophores are the largest global source of biogenic calcium carbonate, and significantly contribute to the global carbon cycle. They are the main constituent of chalk deposits such as the
7105:
by Mitra et al., 2016. Zooplankton that are photosynthetic: microzooplankton or metazoan zooplankton that acquire phototrophy through chloroplast retention or maintenance of algal endosymbionts.
4842:
4142:
era 900-570 million years ago. Fossil marine lichens 600 million years old have been discovered in China. It has been hypothesized that mycoplankton evolved from terrestrial fungi, likely in the
2213:
and its relatives may be the most abundant organisms in the ocean, and it has been claimed that they are possibly the most abundant bacteria in the world. They make up about 25% of all microbial
21650:
Guyennon, A., Baklouti, M., Diaz, F., Palmieri, J., Beuvier, J., Lebaupin-Brossier, C., et al. (2015). "New insights into the organic carbon export in the
Mediterranean Sea from 3-D modelling".
5107:
which inhabit the upper sunlit layer in all oceans. They need sunlight so they can photosynthesize. Most phytoplankton are single-celled algae, but other phytoplankton are bacteria and some are
9910:) underpinning adaptation to environmental conditions (temperature). A mechanistic phytoplankton cell model was used to test the significance of the identified physiological trait for cellular
3296:
9413:
molecular tracers usually require concentrated cells, filter residues serve for phytoplankton measurements. Molecular characterization and quantification of trace molecules is performed using
4052:
is. This profile changes between seasons due to changes in nutrient availability. Marine fungi survive in a constant oxygen deficient environment, and therefore depend on oxygen diffusion by
3209:
17596:
17036:
Redfield, Alfred C. (1934). "On the
Proportions of Organic Derivatives in Sea Water and their Relation to the Composition of Plankton". In Johnstone, James; Daniel, Richard Jellicoe (eds.).
9147:
Bacteria are the oldest and most biodiverse group, followed by
Archaea and Fungi (the most recent groups). In 1998, before awareness of the extent of microbial life had gotten underway,
7461:
6465:
6059:
3227:
4135:
in the sea marshes where it lives, which enables spores of intertidal ascomycetous fungi to colonise the plant. The snail then eats the fungal growth in preference to the grass itself.
2068:
to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. Although bacterial
6047:
5711:
made a crucial discovery in the understanding of the marine carbon and energy cycles. They discovered a gene in several species of bacteria responsible for production of the protein
2105:, which are still found in all known Eukarya. Later on, some eukaryotes that already contained mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms. This led to the formation of
9151:
estimated there were 3 million species of living organisms on the planet. But in 2016, Locey and Lennon estimated the number of microorganism species could be as high as 1 trillion.
7594:
for the dinoflagellate, while the dinoflagellate provides the nassellarian with a mucous membrane useful for hunting and protection against harmful invaders. There is evidence from
19763:
Boetius, Antje; Anesio, Alexandre M.; Deming, Jody W.; Mikucki, Jill A.; Rapp, Josephine Z. (1 November 2015). "Microbial ecology of the cryosphere: sea ice and glacial habitats".
8699:
8454:
The concept has subsequently evolved since this original definition, with the focus moving to the microbial species associated with the host. Thus the holobiont includes the host,
6232:
for short) are single-celled predatory protists, also protected with shells that have holes in them. Their name comes from the Latin for "hole bearers". Their shells, often called
4639:
as a by-product of photosynthesis induced global changes in the Earth's environment. Because oxygen was toxic to most life on Earth at the time, this led to the near-extinction of
4323:
1422:, as well as 2,400 m (7,900 ft; 1.5 mi) beneath the seabed off Japan. The greatest known temperature at which microbial life can exist is 122 °C (252 °F) (
19625:
Robinson, Carol, and Nagappa Ramaiah. "Microbial heterotrophic metabolic rates constrain the microbial carbon pump." The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2011.
8176:
20401:
7629:, occurs as brief (0.1 sec) blue flashes or sparks when individual scintillons are stimulated, usually by mechanical disturbances from, for example, a boat or a swimmer or surf.
6743:
1801:
and drives evolution. It is thought that viruses played a central role in the early evolution, before the diversification of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, at the time of the
13279:
5453:
4510:
4342:
21789:
Martiny AC, Pham CTA, Primeau FW, Vrugt JA, Moore JK, Levin SA and Lomas MW (2013) "Strong latitudinal patterns in the elemental ratios of marine plankton and organic matter".
21133:
Franco-Duarte, R.; Černáková, L.; Kadam, S.; Kaushik, K.; Salehi, B.; Bevilacqua, A.; Corbo, M.R.; Antolak, H.; Dybka-Stępień, K.; Leszczewicz, M.; Relison Tintino, S. (2019).
15670:
2447:(also known as eocytes or Crenarchaeota) are a phylum of archaea thought to be very abundant in marine environments and one of the main contributors to the fixation of carbon.
5207:
4985:
3274:
1359:
in the marine environment. The organic molecules released from the dead bacterial cells stimulate fresh bacterial and algal growth. Viral activity may also contribute to the
1304:
2. What are they doing? What functions do each of these microorganisms perform in the marine environment and how do they contribute to the global cycles of energy and matter?
21600:
Sunagawa, S., Coelho, L. P., Chaffron, S., Kultima, J. R., Labadie, K., Salazar, G., et al. (2015). "Ocean plankton. Structure and function of the global ocean microbiome".
9991:
to the atmosphere. Microbial biomass and other organic matter (remnants of plants and animals) are converted to fossil fuels over millions of years. By contrast, burning of
20520:"These Microbes May Have Survived 100 Million Years Beneath the Seafloor – Rescued from their cold, cramped and nutrient-poor homes, the bacteria awoke in the lab and grew"
15500:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), Adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011
5686:. The significance of chlorophyll in converting light energy has been written about for decades, but phototrophy based on retinal pigments is just beginning to be studied.
5507:
are minute unicellular photosynthetic protists with two flagella for locomotion. Most of them are protected by a shell covered with ornate circular plates or scales called
18948:
11747:
Wigington CH, Sonderegger D, Brussaard CP, Buchan A, Finke JF, Fuhrman JA, Lennon JT, Middelboe M, Suttle CA, Stock C, Wilson WH, Wommack KE, Wilhelm SW, Weitz JS (2016).
3139:
1843:
Viruses normally range in length from about 20 to 300 nanometers. This can be contrasted with the length of bacteria, which starts at about 400 nanometers. There are also
1637:
Viruses are found wherever there is life and have probably existed since living cells first evolved. The origin of viruses is unclear because they do not form fossils, so
19402:
Thompson, J.R., Rivera, H.E., Closek, C.J. and Medina, M. (2015) "Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions".
15120:
Gutierrez, Marcelo H; Pantoja, Silvio; Quinones, Renato a and Gonzalez, Rodrigo R. First record of flamentous fungi in the coastal upwelling ecosystem off central Chile.
9125:
sequence from environmental samples and then by gaining insights to their metabolism from their sequenced genome, promoting the knowledge required for their cultivation.
7445:
5515:, referring to their small size and the coccolith stones they carry. Under the right conditions they bloom, like other phytoplankton, and can turn the ocean milky white.
2988:
2468:
20472:
17009:
Sparks, William B.; DasSarma, S.; Reid, I. N. (December 2006). "Evolutionary Competition Between Primitive Photosynthetic Systems: Existence of an early purple Earth?".
12092:
9326:, particularly hampered early efforts at classifying bacteria and archaea. This resulted in erroneous, distorted and confused classification, an example of which, noted
7275:
6642:
14102:
Gooday, A. J.; Aranda da Silva, A.; Pawlowski, J. (1 December 2011). "Xenophyophores (Rhizaria, Foraminifera) from the Nazaré Canyon (Portuguese margin, NE Atlantic)".
5813:(other-feeding), meaning they cannot produce their own food and must consume instead other plants or animals as food. In particular, this means they eat phytoplankton.
16187:
Behrenfeld, M.J.; Westberry, T.K.; Boss, E.S.; O'Malley, R.T.; Siegel, D.A.; Wiggert, J.D.; Franz, B.A.; McLain, C.R.; Feldman, G.C.; Doney, S.C.; Moore, J.K. (2009).
13228:
Zhao Y, Temperton B, Thrash JC, Schwalbach MS, Vergin KL, Landry ZC, Ellisman M, Deerinck T, Sullivan MB, Giovannoni SJ (2013). "Abundant SAR11 viruses in the ocean".
20180:
Ortmann, Alice C.; Suttle, Curtis A. (August 2005). "High abundances of viruses in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system indicates viral mediated microbial mortality".
19583:
Weinbauer, Markus G.; et al. (2007). "Synergistic and antagonistic effects of viral lysis and protistan grazing on bacterial biomass, production and diversity".
6838:
at the other. It is estimated that mixotrophs comprise more than half of all microscopic plankton. There are two types of eukaryotic mixotrophs: those with their own
1790:, which often kill other marine life. The number of viruses in the oceans decreases further offshore and deeper into the water, where there are fewer host organisms.
21700:
Coles, V. J., Stukel, M. R., Brooks, M. T., Burd, A., Crump, B. C., Moran, M. A., et al. (2017). "Ocean biogeochemistry modeled with emergent trait-based genomics".
5511:. The coccoliths are made from calcium carbonate. The calcite shells are important to the marine carbon cycle. The term coccolithophore derives from the Greek for a
19336:
Pollock, F. Joseph; McMinds, Ryan; Smith, Styles; Bourne, David G.; Willis, Bette L.; Medina, Mónica; Thurber, Rebecca Vega; Zaneveld, Jesse R. (22 November 2018).
5557:
4993:
Red, orange, yellow and green represent areas where algal blooms abound. Blue areas represent nutrient-poor zones where phytoplankton exist in lower concentrations.
4044:
due to nutritional runoff from terrestrial communities. A higher diversity of mycoplankton is found around coasts and in surface waters down to 1000 metres, with a
2191:
19037:
Egan, S., Fukatsu, T. and Francino, M.P., 2020. Opportunities and Challenges to Microbial Symbiosis Research in the Microbiome Era. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11.
15062:
Panzer, Katrin; Yilmaz, Pelin; Weiß, Michael; Reich, Lothar; Richter, Michael; Wiese, Jutta; Schmaljohann, Rolf; Labes, Antje; Imhoff, Johannes F. (30 July 2015).
5739:
which surmises that original life forms on Earth were retinal-based rather than chlorophyll-based, which would have made the Earth appear purple instead of green.
5521:
19635:
Gutierrez, MH; Jara, AM; Pantoja, S (2016). "Fungal parasites infect marine diatoms in the upwelling ecosystem of the Humboldt current system off central Chile".
16373:
13200:
1391:. In 2018, scientists reported that hundreds of millions of viruses and tens of millions of bacteria are deposited daily on every square meter around the planet.
21625:
Guidi, L., Chaffron, S., Bittner, L., Eveillard, D., Larhlimi, A., Roux, S., et al. (2016). "Plankton networks driving carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean".
17903:
Decelle, Johan; Simó, Rafel; Galí, Martí; Vargas, Colomban de; Colin, Sébastien; Desdevises, Yves; Bittner, Lucie; Probert, Ian; Not, Fabrice (30 October 2012).
15064:"Identification of Habitat-Specific Biomes of Aquatic Fungal Communities Using a Comprehensive Nearly Full-Length 18S rRNA Dataset Enriched with Contextual Data"
3362:
1505:
When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles. These viral particles, also known as
19186:
Bulgarelli, D., Schlaeppi, K., Spaepen, S., Van Themaat, E.V.L. and Schulze-Lefert, P. (2013) "Structure and functions of the bacterial microbiota of plants".
16750:
8567:
4612:
were the first organisms to evolve an ability to turn sunlight into chemical energy. They form a phylum (division) of bacteria which range from unicellular to
3116:
916:
on the planet, including the marine microorganisms. Despite its diversity, microscopic life in the oceans is still poorly understood. For example, the role of
16582:
Gómez-Consarnau, L.; Raven, J.A.; Levine, N.M.; Cutter, L.S.; Wang, D.; Seegers, B.; Arístegui, J.; Fuhrman, J.A.; Gasol, J.M.; Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S.A. (2019).
16038:
Mandoli DF (1998). "Elaboration of Body Plan and Phase Change during Development of Acetabularia: How Is the Complex Architecture of a Giant Unicell Built?".
7255:
6388:
16322:
Treguer, P.; Nelson, D. M.; Van Bennekom, A. J.; Demaster, D. J.; Leynaert, A.; Queguiner, B. (1995). "The Silica Balance in the World Ocean: A Reestimate".
9336:
whose etymology ironically matched its taxonomy, namely "false unit". Many bacterial taxa have been reclassified or redefined using molecular phylogenetics.
13170:
8894:. These organisms utilize this symbiotic relationship in order to utilize and obtain the chemical energy that is released at these hydrothermal vent areas.
7791:, in the context of a marine sediment, does not refer to the consistency of the sediment but to its biological origin. The term ooze was originally used by
9693:, directly from environmental samples and avoiding the need for culturing. This has led for example, to a rapid expansion in knowledge of the diversity of
2342:
Archaea and bacteria are generally similar in size and shape, although a few archaea have very strange shapes, such as the flat and square-shaped cells of
12465:
4741:, an informal group, contains about 8,000 recognised species. Many species live most of their lives as single cells or are filamentous, while others form
3003:
22260:
15472:
Campbell, Neil A.; Reece, Jane B.; Urry, Lisa Andrea; Cain, Michael L.; Wasserman, Steven Alexander; Minorsky, Peter V.; Jackson, Robert Bradley (2008).
681:
20493:
19260:
Sánchez-Cañizares, C., Jorrín, B., Poole, P.S. and Tkacz, A. (2017) "Understanding the holobiont: the interdependence of plants and their microbiome".
7428:
6496:
6327:
2520:
2500:
21193:
Lozupone, C.A., Stombaugh, J.I., Gordon, J.I., Jansson, J.K. and Knight, R. (2012) "Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota".
20920:
Karsenti, E.; Acinas, S.G.; Bork, P.; Bowler, C.; De Vargas, C.; Raes, J.; Sullivan, M.; Arendt, D.; Benzoni, F.; Claverie, J.M.; Follows, M. (2011).
14036:
6888:
Recent studies of marine microzooplankton found 30–45% of the ciliate abundance was mixotrophic, and up to 65% of the amoeboid, foram and radiolarian
5410:
2677:
Protists can be broadly divided into four groups depending on whether their nutrition is plant-like, animal-like, fungal-like, or a mixture of these.
1306:
3. What are the factors that determine the presence or absence of a microorganism and how do they influence biodiversity and function and vice versa?
18420:
5297:
1754:
17860:
12563:
Schulz F, Yutin N, Ivanova NN, Ortega DR, Lee TK, Vierheilig J, Daims H, Horn M, Wagner M, Jensen GJ, Kyrpides NC, Koonin EV, Woyke T (April 2017).
8874:
are microscopic unicellular organisms that live and reproduce in the chemically distinct area around hydrothermal vents. These include organisms in
2636:
is a unique microorganism larger than a typical prokaryote, but with nuclear material enclosed in a membrane as in a eukaryote, and the presence of
18840:
Lourens, Lucas J.; Lyle, Mitchell; Pälike, Heiko; Röhl, Ursula; Tian, Jun; Wilkens, Roy H.; Wilson, Paul A.; Zachos, James C. (11 September 2020).
3098:
18086:"Defining planktonic protist functional groups on mechanisms for energy and nutrient acquisition; incorporation of diverse mixotrophic strategies"
4304:
2640:. This is seen to be the first plausible evolutionary form of microorganism, showing a stage of development from the prokaryote to the eukaryote.
7224:
Chloroplast (or plastid) retention = sequestration = enslavement. Some plastid-retaining species also retain other organelles and prey cytoplasm.
6339:
4672:
was algae, and referred to it as "blue-green algae". The more recent view is that cyanobacteria are bacteria, and hence are not even in the same
3820:
2483:
15753:
Flombaum P, Gallegos JL, Gordillo RA, Rincon J, Zabala LL, Jiao N, Karl DM, Li WK, Lomas MW, Veneziano D, Vera CS, Vrugt JA, Martiny AC (2013).
8525:
8348:
or live on sediment at the bottom of the ocean. Either way, their shells end up on the seafloor after they die. These shells are widely used as
3893:
2120:
5168:
5032:
of large bodies of water but cannot swim against a current. As a result, they wander or drift with the currents. Plankton are defined by their
1870:. This genus of giant virus was discovered in 2018 in the deep ocean as well as a soda lake, and can reach up to 2.3 microns in total length.
20375:
19427:
Pita, L., Rix, L., Slaby, B.M., Franke, A. and Hentschel, U. (2018) "The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems".
18266:
Gast, R. J.; Caron, D. A. (1 November 1996). "Molecular phylogeny of symbiotic dinoflagellates from planktonic foraminifera and radiolaria".
7708:
6079:
2335:. Classification is difficult because the majority have not been isolated in the laboratory and have only been detected by analysis of their
1977:
in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on
185:
21533:
3052:
2217:
cells, and in the summer they may account for approximately half the cells present in temperate ocean surface water. The total abundance of
14329:
Atkinson, A.; Polimene, L.; Fileman, E.S.; Widdicombe, C.E.; McEvoy, A.J.; Smyth, T.J.; Djeghri, N.; Sailley, S.F.; Cornwell, L.E. (2018).
13899:
10480:
7518:
4958:
Plankton are drifting or floating organisms that cannot swim effectively against a current, and include organisms from most areas of life:
2435:
may be one of the most abundant groups of organisms on the planet. Archaea are a major part of Earth's life and may play roles in both the
21244:
Liu, L., Li, Y., Li, S., Hu, N., He, Y., Pong, R., Lin, D., Lu, L. and Law, M. (2012) "Comparison of next-generation sequencing systems".
14419:
13962:
10718:
9829:
study is reasonably recognisable as relating to large-scale analyses of gene-gene, protein-protein, or protein-ligand interactions, while
9060:
These aerobic microorganisms, found deep in organically poor sediments, have been in quasi-suspended animation for maybe 100 million years
8995:
Above the surface living organisms consume organic matter and oxygen. Lower down, these are not available, so they make use of "edibles" (
7787:(single-celled plankton and benthos microorganisms). Much smaller amounts of precipitated minerals and meteoric dust can also be present.
7416:
acquire chloroplasts from its prey. "It cannot catch the cryptophytes by itself, and instead relies on ingesting ciliates such as the red
6357:
5931:) prey on other microorganisms; the feeding mode is evidently ancient, and evolved many times in both groups. Among freshwater and marine
5192:
1551:
forms for some virus species to more complex structures for others. Most virus species have virions that are too small to be seen with an
21764:
Toseland A, Daines SJ and Clark JR et al. (2013) "The impact of temperature on marine phytoplankton resource allocation and metabolism".
19702:
Monroy, P., Hernández-García, E., Rossi, V. and López, C. (2017) "Modeling the dynamical sinking of biogenic particles in oceanic flow".
9674:
5225:
3875:
2657:
are eukaryotes that cannot be classified as plants, fungi or animals. They are usually single-celled and microscopic. Life originated as
17501:
Bernhard, J. M.; Bowser, S.M. (1999). "Benthic Foraminifera of dysoxic sediments: chloroplast sequestration and functional morphology".
15566:
15451:
15160:
8935:
microorganisms under environmental stresses is therefore thought to aide microorganism survival through dispersal of host genes through
8303:
5600:
5312:
3023:
1765:: these are double-stranded DNA viruses with unusual and sometimes unique shapes. These viruses have been studied in most detail in the
1574:—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of
3415:
Another way of categorising protists is according to their mode of locomotion. Many unicellular protists, particularly protozoans, are
729:
21819:
18784:
13287:
11964:"Evolution and diversity of the Microviridae viral family through a collection of 81 new complete genomes assembled from virome reads"
22599:
22589:
15709:
12623:
Bäckström D, Yutin N, Jørgensen SL, Dharamshi J, Homa F, Zaremba-Niedwiedzka K, Spang A, Wolf YI, Koonin EV, Ettema TJ (March 2019).
11089:
10980:"Cell proliferation at 122°C and isotopically heavy CH4 production by a hyperthermophilic methanogen under high-pressure cultivation"
10133:
8999:) such as hydrogen released from rocks by various chemical processes, methane, reduced sulfur compounds and ammonium. They "breathe"
8361:
5883:
15596:
Flannery DT, Walter RM (2012). "Archean tufted microbial mats and the Great Oxidation Event: new insights into an ancient problem".
6035:
4429:
organisms that make their own food instead of eating other organisms. This means primary producers become the starting point in the
21976:
21507:
Zhang, W., Li, F. and Nie, L. (2010) "Integrating multiple 'omics' analysis for microbial biology: application and methodologies".
16005:
1264:
9844:. Multi-omics approaches are needed to satisfactorily unravel the complexities of the host-microbiome interactions. For instance,
9118:
niche is culturable. In recent years effort is being put to decipher more of the microbial dark matter by means of learning their
7677:
6576:
2138:
22375:
22350:
16398:
Arsenieff, L.; Simon, N.; Rigaut-Jalabert, F.; Le Gall, F.; Chaffron, S.; Corre, E.; Com, E.; Bigeard, E.; Baudoux, A.C. (2018).
10578:
10086:
8923:
8871:
8815:
8320:
8188:
7598:
analysis that dinoflagellate symbiosis with radiolarians evolved independently from other dinoflagellate symbioses, such as with
7137:
1. Protists that retain chloroplasts and sometimes other organelles from one algal species or very closely related algal species
4818:, is single-celled but remarkably large and complex in form with a single large nucleus, making it a model organism for studying
2323:, but this classification is outdated. Archaeal cells have unique properties separating them from the other two domains of life,
18956:
17258:
10428:
Bolhuis, H. and Cretoiu, M.S. (2016) "What is so special about marine microorganisms?". In: L. J. Stal and M. S. Cretoiu (Eds.)
7635:
6369:
21072:
14547:
Hyde, K.D.; E.B.J. Jones; E. Leaño; S.B. Pointing; A.D. Poonyth; L.L.P. Vrijmoed (1998). "Role of fungi in marine ecosystems".
13667:
Leles SG, Mitra A, Flynn KJ, Stoecker DK, Hansen PJ, Calbet A, McManus GB, Sanders RW, Caron DA, Not F, Hallegraeff GM (2017).
10820:
9931:
8898:
bacteria can derive nutrients and energy from the geological activity at a hydrothermal vent to fix carbon into organic forms.
8233:
Within each colored area, the type of material shown is what dominates, although other materials are also likely to be present.
6595:
3038:
1008:
too small to be recognised adequately with the naked eye. In practice, that includes organisms smaller than about 0.1 mm.
20480:
19737:
Simon, M., Grossart, H., Schweitzer, B. and Ploug, H. (2002) "Microbial ecology of organic aggregates in aquatic ecosystems".
15643:
8886:
where symbiotic bacteria and archaea form the bottom of the food chain and are able to support a variety of organisms such as
7352:, and form a phylum of unicellular flagellates with about 2,000 marine species. The name comes from the Greek "dinos" meaning
3598:) is a tiny flagellum. Ciliates use multiple cilia, which can number in many hundreds, to power themselves through the water.
21909:
18637:
17485:
17440:
17305:
16906:
15953:
15829:
15550:
15481:
14943:
Kubanek, Julia; Jensen, Paul R.; Keifer, Paul A.; Sullards, M. Cameron; Collins, Dwight O.; Fenical, William (10 June 2003).
14861:
14758:
14388:
13487:
11523:
10590:
10195:
8936:
4733:
Not all algae are microscopic. Green, red and brown algae all have multicellular macroscopic forms that make up the familiar
3243:
In contrast to the cells of prokaryotes, the cells of eukaryotes are highly organised. Plants, animals and fungi are usually
1931:
1813:
20505:
8905:
they constitute a significant source of mortality and thus have widespread influence on biological oceanographic processes,
8519:), and associated bacteria and viruses. Co-evolutionary patterns exist for coral microbial communities and coral phylogeny.
6611:
5816:
Zooplankton are generally larger than phytoplankton, mostly still microscopic but some can be seen with the naked eye. Many
2951:
protists, but recent studies in marine environments found mixotrophic protests contribute a significant part of the protist
2610:
It seems very plausible that the root of the eukaryotes lie within archaea; the closest relatives nowadays known may be the
22396:
20673:
16928:
10138:
8910:
8131:
6236:, are chambered (forams add more chambers as they grow). The shells are usually made of calcite, but are sometimes made of
16082:
14691:
San-Martín, A.; S. Orejanera; C. Gallardo; M. Silva; J. Becerra; R. Reinoso; M.C. Chamy; K. Vergara; J. Rovirosa (2008).
14137:
9646:
9590:
6517:
3069:
20115:"Evolutionary Strategies of Viruses, Bacteria and Archaea in Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystems Revealed through Metagenomics"
17160:
Eppley, R.W.; Peterson, B.J. (1979). "Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean".
13527:
Yamaguchi, Masashi; et al. (1 December 2012). "Prokaryote or eukaryote? A unique microorganism from the deep sea".
11315:
Canchaya C, Fournous G, Chibani-Chennoufi S, Dillmann ML, Brüssow H (2003). "Phage as agents of lateral gene transfer".
8462:, and other members, all of which contribute in some way to the function of the whole. A holobiont typically includes a
8204:
4040:
A typical milliliter of seawater contains about 10 to 10 fungal cells. This number is greater in coastal ecosystems and
22584:
18318:
11856:"Putative prophages related to lytic tailless marine dsDNA phage PM2 are widespread in the genomes of aquatic bacteria"
9306:
have allowed evolutionary relationship of species to be established by analyzing deeper characteristics, such as their
1582:. Viruses are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce, and evolve through
1222:
21675:
Louca, S., Parfrey, L. W., and Doebeli, M. (2016). "Decoupling function and taxonomy in the global ocean microbiome".
16489:
Rost, B. and Riebesell, U. (2004) "Coccolithophores and the biological pump: responses to environmental changes". In:
12672:
Fredrickson JK, Zachara JM, Balkwill DL, Kennedy D, Li SM, Kostandarithes HM, Daly MJ, Romine MF, Brockman FJ (2004).
12625:"Virus Genomes from Deep Sea Sediments Expand the Ocean Megavirome and Support Independent Origins of Viral Gigantism"
11799:"Global morphological analysis of marine viruses shows minimal regional variation and dominance of non-tailed viruses"
8913:
within the ocean. Evidence has been found however to indicate that viruses found in vent habitats have adopted a more
8553:
6702:
5291:
each year from the waters in which they live, and contribute nearly half of the organic material found in the oceans.
21944:
21928:
21893:
21877:
21861:
21845:
21829:
21545:
19076:
18810:
18794:
18611:
18235:
16498:
16156:
15980:
15384:
14258:
14147:
12368:
Abrahão, Jônatas; Silva, Lorena; Silva, Ludmila Santos; Khalil, Jacques Yaacoub Bou; et al. (27 February 2018).
10437:
9943:
9474:
9285:
5539:
4177:
3380:
Protists have been described as a taxonomic grab bag of misfits where anything that doesn't fit into one of the main
854:. Over billions of years this microbiome has evolved many life styles and adaptations and come to participate in the
178:
21934:
18542:
Wierer, U.; Arrighi, S.; Bertola, S.; Kaufmann, G.; Baumgarten, B.; Pedrotti, A.; Pernter, P.; Pelegrin, J. (2018).
16760:
9532:
7944:
7170:
2. Protists or zooplankton with algal endosymbionts of only one algal species or very closely related algal species
4437:
organisms that do eat other organisms. Some marine primary producers are specialised bacteria and archaea which are
1543:
that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell. The shapes of these virus particles range from simple
1428:). In 2014, scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms living 800 m (2,600 ft) below the ice of
886:
and trace elements. Marine microorganisms sequester large amounts of carbon and produce much of the world's oxygen.
22658:
22411:
22391:
21883:
16755:
15015:"Molecular characterization of the spatial diversity and novel lineages of mycoplankton in Hawaiian coastal waters"
14331:""Comment. What drives plankton seasonality in a stratifying shelf sea? Some competing and complementary theories""
9563:
8730:
is the shower of organic particles that falls from upper waters to the deep ocean It is a major exporter of carbon.
4946:
since they are not true plants. But they are not microorganisms, so they are not within the scope of this article.
2453:
9902:
from natural phytoplankton communities were used to help identify physiological traits (cellular concentration of
9045:
below the seabed. In 2019 microbial organisms were discovered living 7,900 feet (2,400 m) below the surface,
5580:
4406:. Dark red and blue-green indicate regions of high photosynthetic activity in the ocean and on land, respectively.
21867:
20756:
20519:
18927:
17693:
may invade and suppress specialist phago- and phototroph plankton communities depending on nutrient conditions".
15521:
13178:
12674:"Geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the Hanford site, Washington state"
10348:
10126:
9807:
9046:
4037:. While mostly microscopic, some mycoplankton can be up to 20 mm in diameter and over 50 mm in length.
2043:
changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that
19285:
Douglas, A.E. and Werren, J.H. (2016) "Holes in the hologenome: why host-microbe symbioses are not holobionts".
14330:
13669:"Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance"
8574:
7694:
6853:
The distinction between plants and animals often breaks down in very small organisms. Possible combinations are
1302:
1. What is out there? Which microorganisms are present in our seas and oceans and in what numbers do they occur?
22668:
17861:"DMSP-lyase activity in a spring phytoplankton bloom off the Dutch coast, related to Phaeocystis sp. abundance"
15945:
14892:
Damare, Samir; Raghukumar, Chandralata (11 November 2007). "Fungi and Macroaggregation in Deep-Sea Sediments".
12790:"Disparate rates, differing fates: tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic"
9614:
9056:
8448:
7476:
909:
722:
17:
19310:
Knowlton, N. and Rohwer, F. (2003) "Multispecies microbial mutualisms on coral reefs: the host as a habitat".
19212:
Vandenkoornhuyse, Philippe; Quaiser, Achim; Duhamel, Marie; Le Van, Amandine; Dufresne, Alexis (1 June 2015).
17614:
17280:
Jurkevitch, Edouard; Davidov, Yaacov (2006). "Phylogenetic Diversity and Evolution of Predatory Prokaryotes".
11353:
Rybicki EP (1990). "The classification of organisms at the edge of life, or problems with virus systematics".
10214:
Rybicki EP (1990). "The classification of organisms at the edge of life, or problems with virus systematics".
9206:
The blue background indicates the filtered volume required to obtain sufficient organism numbers for analysis.
7237:
6799:
5898:
5635:
4913:
2723:
protists that make their own food without needing to consume other organisms, usually by using photosynthesis
22495:
22360:
21918:
19806:
Lutz, Richard A.; Kennish, Michael J. (1993). "Ecology of deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities: A review".
11696:
Bergh O, Børsheim KY, Bratbak G, Heldal M (1989). "High abundance of viruses found in aquatic environments".
10121:
9502:
8868:
which emit water darkened by accumulated precipitates of sulfide at hot temperatures, about 300-400 °C.
8820:
8811:
7422:, which sequester their chloroplasts from a specific cryptophyte clade (Geminigera/Plagioselmis/Teleaulax)".
7383:
By trophic orientation dinoflagellates cannot be uniformly categorized. Some dinoflagellates are known to be
4251:
are more commonly found inland in freshwater, but there are marine species as well. Microscopic adult marine
4030:
3836:
2603:, plants, fungi and animals. Protists are usually single-celled, while plants, fungi and animals are usually
585:
16838:
Boeuf, Dominique; Audic, Stéphane; Brillet-Guéguen, Loraine; Caron, Christophe; Jeanthon, Christian (2015).
8956:
in the ocean, much of which cannot be effectively studied because they resist attempts at laboratory culture
6627:
1805:
of life on Earth. Viruses are still one of the largest reservoirs of unexplored genetic diversity on Earth.
1641:
have been used to compare the DNA or RNA of viruses and are a useful means of investigating how they arose.
22093:
22051:
21969:
19462:
Ugarelli, K., Chakrabarti, S., Laas, P. and Stingl, U. (2017) "The seagrass holobiont and its microbiome".
18823:
16171:
14085:
10762:
Reche, Isabel; D'Orta, Gaetano; Mladenov, Natalie; Winget, Danielle M; Suttle, Curtis A (29 January 2018).
9877:
9559:
9192:
8772:
8194:
2976:
2417:
1563:
894:
625:
171:
131:
19066:
13992:
Devreotes P (1989). "Dictyostelium discoideum: a model system for cell-cell interactions in development".
10497:
9806:
aims at identifying the functions of as many genes as possible of a given organism. It combines different
9721:
5619:
4461:
on the carbon dioxide dissolved in the water. This process uses energy from sunlight to convert water and
1644:
Viruses are now recognised as ancient and as having origins that pre-date the divergence of life into the
22436:
21851:
18842:"An astronomically dated record of Earth's climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years"
18428:
18424:
13944:
10922:
10582:
9956:
8978:
7792:
6558:
5791:
5564:
4417:
1312:
314:
136:
18601:
17972:"Intra-host Symbiont Diversity and Extended Symbiont Maintenance in Photosymbiotic Acantharea (Clade F)"
14159:
O'Malley MA, Simpson AG, Roger AJ (2012). "The other eukaryotes in light of evolutionary protistology".
14035:
Mikhail V. Matz; Tamara M. Frank; N. Justin Marshall; Edith A. Widder; Sonke Johnsen (9 December 2008).
11907:"High frequency of a novel filamentous phage, VCY φ, within an environmental Vibrio cholerae population"
9840:
Any given omics technique, used just by itself, cannot adequately disentangle the intricacies of a host
9526:
9003:
such as nitrates and nitrites, manganese and iron oxides, oxidized sulfur compounds and carbon dioxide.
4726:
Dinoflagellates and diatoms are important components of marine algae and have their own sections below.
214:
22466:
22355:
22181:
22153:
18908:
13127:
12484:
10735:
10091:
9422:
8668:
8618:
8414:
8276:
of the ocean – that live near or on the seafloor, or within or on surface seafloor sediments. The word
7336:
6827:
6817:
5180:
4369:, usually 0.1–0.5 mm long, may look like protists but are multicellular and belong to the Animalia
3786:, a one-celled, ciliated protozoan covered by thousands of cilia. The cilia beating together allow the
3420:
2877:
676:
408:
283:
12564:
12111:
6091:
4617:
424:
22648:
21378:
20677:
20402:"Massive 'deep life' study reveals billions of tonnes of microbes living far beneath Earth's surface"
20348:"Life in deep Earth totals 15 to 23 billion tons of carbon – hundreds of times more than humans"
17634:"Evidence for the Ubiquity of Mixotrophic Bacteria in the Upper Ocean: Implications and Consequences"
17459:
17206:
17113:
Martiny, A.C.; Pham, C.T.; Primeau, F.W.; Vrugt, J.A.; Moore, J.K.; Levin, S.A.; Lomas, M.W. (2013).
14589:
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. and Stalpers, J. "Dictionary of the Fungi". Edn 10. CABI, 2008
12370:"Tailed giant Tupanvirus possesses the most complete translational apparatus of the known virosphere"
9654:
9650:
9642:
9618:
7622:
6940:
Mixotrophic plankton that combine phototrophy and heterotrophy – table based on Stoecker et al., 2017
5333:
4411:
3760:
include bacteria as well as protists. The rotary motor model used by bacteria uses the protons of an
2630:
of microorganism between a prokaryote and a eukaryote was discovered in 2012 by Japanese scientists.
2243:
2128:
2040:
715:
640:
413:
116:
20347:
18202:
17767:
15227:. National Park Service, US Department of the Interior, Government of the United States. 22 May 2016
14279:"Alternative cytoskeletal landscapes: cytoskeletal novelty and evolution in basal excavate protists"
12861:
9514:
7777:
on land, transported by rivers and land runoff, windborne dust, volcanoes, or grinding by glaciers.
6443:. Mixotrophic foraminifers are particularly common in nutrient-poor oceanic waters. Some forams are
5159:, and account for half of the current global primary production, more than the terrestrial forests.
970:
are formed from microbial mats as microbes slowly move upwards to avoid being smothered by sediment.
22485:
22196:
18824:
Earth barreling toward 'Hothouse' state not seen in 50 million years, epic new climate record shows
10081:
10076:
9821:
have become useful and have been widely adopted in recent years by research scientists. The suffix
9631:
9538:
9033:, including 70% of the bacteria and archaea on Earth, totaling a biomass of 23 billion tonnes
8664:
8626:
8156:
8045:
7340:
6778:
4350:
3761:
3255:, and multicellular forms. Other marine protist are neither single-celled nor microscopic, such as
2361:
2089:
associations with the ancestors of eukaryotic cells, which were themselves possibly related to the
1794:
1575:
1378:
Sea spray containing marine microorganisms can be swept high into the atmosphere where they become
18806:
17366:
16946:"Early evolution of purple retinal pigments on Earth and implications for exoplanet biosignatures"
13047:
Lang BF, Gray MW, Burger G (1999). "Mitochondrial genome evolution and the origin of eukaryotes".
11379:"Are viruses alive? The replicator paradigm sheds decisive light on an old but misguided question"
7505:
at night sparkles with blue light due to the presence of a bioluminescent dinoflagellate, such as
2615:
22663:
22643:
22622:
22536:
22531:
22426:
22340:
22088:
21962:
17805:
15735:
14781:
Wang, Xin; Singh, Purnima; Gao, Zheng; Zhang, Xiaobo; Johnson, Zackary I.; Wang, Guangyi (2014).
10452:
10028:
9571:
9551:
9391:
9303:
9277:
9273:
9239:
9188:
9099:
9026:
8539:
7641:
7507:
6237:
5736:
5083:(self-feeding), meaning they generate their own food and do not need to consume other organisms.
2111:
1802:
661:
630:
307:
21098:
15129:
12731:"Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya"
12325:
Forterre P, Philippe H (1999). "The last universal common ancestor (LUCA), simple or complex?".
10858:
10370:
Cavicchioli, Ricardo; Ripple, William J.; Timmis, Kenneth N.; Azam, Farooq; et al. (2019).
9867:
8882:
relationships with animals. Because there is no sunlight at these depths, energy is provided by
8852:
rocks that it encounters. Vents can be characterized by temperature and chemical composition as
8365:
benthic forams and used their findings to build the most detailed climate record of Earth ever.
7745:
containing radiolarians, calcispheres, calpionellids and a few sponge spicules. The presence of
7187:
2894:
Many marine mixotrops are found among protists, particularly among ciliates and dinoflagellates
22577:
22521:
22078:
22068:
17762:
17538:"Space station image captures a red tide ciliate bloom at high spectral and spatial resolution"
17536:
Dierssen, Heidi; McManus, George B.; Chlus, Adam; Qiu, Dajun; Gao, Bo-Cai; Lin, Senjie (2015).
17455:
14494:
Lauga, Eric; Thomas R Powers (25 August 2009). "The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms".
14423:
14034:
13970:
12856:
10096:
9520:
8182:
Opal can contain protist microfossils of diatoms, radiolarians, silicoflagellates and ebridians
7610:
7606:
6905:
5768:
5721:
5697:
5653:
4938:. Seaweeds usually grow in shallow coastal waters where they are anchored to the seafloor by a
4811:
4288:
3992:
3244:
2632:
2604:
2557:
1016:
846:
Marine microorganisms have been variously estimated to make up about 70%, or about 90%, of the
796:
635:
508:
18623:
17289:
16840:"MicRhoDE: a curated database for the analysis of microbial rhodopsin diversity and evolution"
15538:
13562:
Whittaker, R.H.; Margulis, L. (1978). "Protist classification and the kingdoms of organisms".
9223:
9064:
In 2020 researchers reported they had found what could be the longest-living life forms ever:
8736:
7928:
4769:. Unlike higher plants, algae lack roots, stems, or leaves. They can be classified by size as
2221:
and relatives is estimated to be about 2 × 10 microbes. However, it was reported in
22567:
22511:
22416:
22191:
22124:
21135:"Advances in Chemical and Biological Methods to Identify Microorganisms—From Past to Present"
20550:
16530:"The light-driven proton pump proteorhodopsin enhances bacterial survival during tough times"
16511:
15574:
15168:
14197:"The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists"
13125:
Patrick J. Keeling (2004). "Diversity and evolutionary history of plastids and their hosts".
12073:
10101:
9604:
9105:
9092:
9087:
8970:
8895:
8494:
Reef-building corals are well-studied holobionts that include the coral itself (a eukaryotic
8052:
7800:
7715:
7215:
7181:
6709:
6126:
5790:). The ratio was originally defined by Richard Eppley and Bruce Peterson in one of the first
4329:
3060:
2836:
protists that get their food from the remains of organisms that have broken down and decayed
2365:
1424:
893:, causing disease and even death in marine plants and animals. However marine microorganisms
21835:
20062:
Suttle, Curtis A. (October 2007). "Marine viruses — major players in the global ecosystem".
17281:
16896:
15970:
12425:
Reardon, Sara (6 April 2017). "Patchwork giant viruses spark debate over the tree of life".
8645:
3602:
22653:
22473:
22186:
22083:
21407:
21321:
20823:
20768:
20619:
20608:"Marine T4-type bacteriophages, a ubiquitous component of the dark matter of the biosphere"
20559:
20438:
20296:
20235:
20189:
20126:
20012:
19859:
19815:
19644:
19592:
19349:
18992:
18853:
18555:
18467:
18378:
18045:
17916:
17875:
17817:
17754:
17702:
17645:
17549:
17510:
17392:
17334:
17171:
17126:
17115:"Strong latitudinal patterns in the elemental ratios of marine plankton and organic matter"
17071:
17018:
16967:
16804:
16708:
16654:
16595:
16462:
16331:
16288:
16258:
16200:
15869:
15774:
15685:
15605:
15409:
15331:
15276:
15075:
14956:
14794:
14647:
14556:
14513:
14450:
14345:
14111:
14051:
14001:
13851:"The extent of protist diversity: insights from molecular ecology of freshwater eukaryotes"
13815:
13618:
13571:
13385:
13237:
13091:
12954:
12801:
12742:
12685:
12579:
12381:
12031:
11975:
11918:
11810:
11705:
11654:
11125:
11052:
10991:
10895:
10775:
10611:
10533:
10303:
10143:
9976:
9895:
9702:
9683:
9670:
9299:
7892:
7770:
7148:
4501:
cycles. They stabilize coastal areas and can provide habitats for marine animals. The term
4490:
3706:
3452:
3324:
2778:
protists that get their food consuming other organisms (bacteria, archaea and small algae)
2595:
2409:
2298:
2178:
2077:
1714:
1607:
1368:
1012:
977:
855:
792:
565:
329:
106:
19199:
18279:
17749:. Iron Resources and Oceanic Nutrients – Advancement of Global Environmental Simulations.
14945:"Seaweed resistance to microbial attack: A targeted chemical defense against marine fungi"
13503:
13280:"The largest Bacterium: Scientist discovers new bacterial life form off the African coast"
12210:
Prangishvili D, Forterre P, Garrett RA (2006). "Viruses of the Archaea: a unifying view".
9053:
as their regular food source. This discovery occurred in the oldest known water on Earth.
7783:
account for the other 55% of the total sediment, and originate in the skeletal remains of
5075:
are the plant-like components of the plankton community ("phyto" comes from the Greek for
4901:
4398:
Composite image showing the global distribution of photosynthesis, including both oceanic
3520:
2618:
superphylum. This theory is a modern version of a scenario originally proposed in 1984 as
1734:
families of myoviruses, podoviruses, and siphoviruses. Phages belonging to the families:
1347:
Microscopic life undersea is diverse and still poorly understood, such as for the role of
8:
22289:
20247:
18390:
18058:
18033:
12942:
12255:"Exceptionally diverse morphotypes and genomes of crenarchaeal hyperthermophilic viruses"
11748:
10825:
10579:
Marine microbial diversity and its role in ecosystem functioning and environmental change
9899:
9849:
9803:
9763:
9575:
9567:
9403:
9373:
9356:
9281:
9069:
8914:
8891:
8706:
8660:
7403:. Others predate other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic. Many dinoflagellates are
7001:
5849:
5752:
release nitrogen and phosphorus as they remineralize. This ratio has become known as the
5671:
5661:
4125:
4102:
3934:
3883:
3806:
3686:
3609:
2209:
2199:
2094:
1902:
1875:
1645:
1467:
1056:
920:
in marine ecosystems has barely been explored even in the beginning of the 21st century.
836:
649:
570:
488:
141:
27:
Any life form too small for the naked human eye to see that lives in a marine environment
21885:
The Marine Microbiome: An Untapped Source of Biodiversity and Biotechnological Potential
21411:
21325:
20827:
20772:
20623:
20563:
20442:
20300:
20239:
20193:
20130:
20016:
19863:
19819:
19648:
19596:
19353:
18996:
18857:
18624:
Grethe R. Hasle; Erik E. Syvertsen; Karen A. Steidinger; Karl Tangen (25 January 1996).
18559:
18471:
18382:
18049:
17920:
17879:
17821:
17758:
17706:
17649:
17553:
17514:
17396:
17338:
17175:
17130:
17075:
17022:
16971:
16808:
16712:
16658:
16599:
16466:
16335:
16292:
16204:
16013:
15873:
15778:
15689:
15609:
15413:
15335:
15280:
15079:
14960:
14798:
14651:
14560:
14525:
14517:
14454:
14349:
14115:
14055:
14005:
13819:
13806:
Corliss JO (1992). "Should there be a separate code of nomenclature for the protists?".
13622:
13575:
13389:
13241:
13095:
12958:
12805:
12746:
12689:
12583:
12385:
12035:
11979:
11922:
11814:
11709:
11658:
11129:
11116:
Armbrust, E.V.; Palumbi, S.R. (2015). "Uncovering hidden worlds of ocean biodiversity".
11056:
10995:
10951:
10899:
10779:
10615:
10537:
10307:
8254:
Archaea rock – this deep ocean rock harboured worms that consumed methane-eating archaea
4889:
2238:, has been discovered and "it probably really is the commonest organism on the planet".
1403:
22526:
22490:
22478:
22325:
22211:
22141:
22129:
22119:
22073:
21485:
21450:
21431:
21161:
21134:
20948:
20921:
20846:
20811:
20792:
20738:
20650:
20607:
20580:
20546:"Aerobic microbial life persists in oxic marine sediment as old as 101.5 million years"
20545:
20454:
20328:
20286:
20157:
20114:
20095:
20044:
19980:
19945:
19921:
19894:
19788:
19565:
19380:
19337:
19128:
19094:"Host Biology in Light of the Microbiome: Ten Principles of Holobionts and Hologenomes"
19093:
19015:
18980:
18889:
18758:
18731:
18578:
18543:
18488:
18451:
18402:
18185:
18181:
18006:
17971:
17947:
17904:
17841:
17726:
17666:
17633:
17572:
17537:
17239:
17187:
17142:
17095:
16991:
16957:
16872:
16839:
16732:
16667:
16642:
16618:
16583:
16556:
16529:
16426:
16399:
16355:
16063:
15893:
15797:
15754:
15639:
15621:
15522:
Changes in oxygen concentrations in our ocean can disrupt fundamental biological cycles
15433:
15355:
15191:
15098:
15063:
14925:
14867:
14817:
14782:
14668:
14635:
14616:
14572:
14529:
14503:
14471:
14438:
14361:
14303:
14278:
14229:
14176:
14077:
13875:
13850:
13693:
13668:
13639:
13606:
13411:
13261:
13201:"Flea market: A newly discovered virus may be the most abundant organism on the planet"
13152:
13029:
12986:
12649:
12624:
12605:
12540:
12515:
12446:
12402:
12369:
12342:
12285:
12235:
12187:
12160:
12136:
12055:
11998:
11963:
11939:
11906:
11882:
11855:
11831:
11798:
11779:
11749:"Re-examination of the relationship between marine virus and microbial cell abundances"
11729:
11678:
11570:
11543:
11491:
11466:
11403:
11378:
11289:
11262:
11238:
11211:
11192:
11149:
11014:
10979:
10796:
10763:
10740:
10701:
10635:
10557:
10396:
10371:
10326:
10291:
10111:
10048:
9972:
9599:
9295:
9081:
8800:
8559:
8390:
8070:
7780:
7767:
Sediments at the bottom of the ocean have two main origins, terrigenous and biogenous.
6965:
5772:
5748:
5491:
5152:
5041:
4939:
4868:
4824:
4644:
4640:
4601:
4502:
4486:
4454:
4442:
4280:
4011:
3955:
3777:
3410:
3084:
2276:
1954:
1887:
1856:
1552:
1138:
988:
654:
590:
472:
159:
111:
91:
21046:
21021:
20997:
20972:
19687:
18137:"A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata)"
17970:
Mars Brisbin, Margaret; Grossmann, Mary M.; Mesrop, Lisa Y.; Mitarai, Satoshi (2018).
17522:
15697:
15299:
15264:
14987:
14944:
14807:
14462:
14196:
13918:
13783:
13758:
13718:"The origin of the animals and a 'Savannah' hypothesis for early bilaterian evolution"
13455:
13430:
13103:
12918:
12893:
12706:
12673:
11328:
9885:
8862:
which emit milky coloured water at warmer temperatures, about 200-330 °C, and as
7022:
by Mitra et al., 2016. Phytoplankton that eat: photosynthetic protists with inherited
4745:
made up from long chains of cells, or are highly differentiated macroscopic seaweeds.
3920:. Lichens are mutualistic associations between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium.
1851:, typically about 1000 nanometers (one micron) in length. All giant viruses belongto
22451:
22401:
22294:
22233:
22201:
22163:
22146:
21940:
21924:
21905:
21889:
21873:
21857:
21841:
21825:
21541:
21490:
21423:
21349:
21166:
21051:
21002:
20953:
20851:
20784:
20730:
20722:
20655:
20637:
20585:
20458:
20320:
20312:
20259:
20251:
20205:
20162:
20144:
20087:
20079:
20036:
20028:
19985:
19967:
19926:
19875:
19831:
19780:
19670:
19608:
19604:
19557:
19385:
19367:
19243:
19235:
19133:
19115:
19072:
19020:
18893:
18881:
18790:
18763:
18732:"A voltage-gated H+ channel underlying pH homeostasis in calcifying coccolithophores"
18683:
18633:
18607:
18583:
18493:
18394:
18351:
18347:
18314:
18291:
18283:
18231:
18117:
18063:
18011:
17993:
17952:
17934:
17833:
17718:
17671:
17577:
17481:
17436:
17408:
17301:
17282:
17231:
17087:
17041:
16995:
16983:
16902:
16877:
16859:
16820:
16724:
16680:
16672:
16623:
16584:"Microbial rhodopsins are major contributors to the solar energy captured in the sea"
16561:
16494:
16431:
16347:
16304:
16277:"Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components"
16152:
16129:
16055:
16051:
15986:
15976:
15949:
15915:
15885:
15881:
15825:
15802:
15701:
15546:
15498:
15477:
15425:
15380:
15347:
15304:
15125:
15103:
15044:
15036:
14992:
14974:
14917:
14909:
14857:
14822:
14754:
14673:
14476:
14384:
14308:
14254:
14221:
14216:
14143:
14069:
14017:
13922:
13880:
13831:
13827:
13788:
13739:
13698:
13644:
13587:
13583:
13544:
13483:
13460:
13403:
13339:
13253:
13144:
13107:
13064:
13021:
12978:
12970:
12923:
12874:
12829:
12824:
12789:
12770:
12765:
12730:
12711:
12654:
12609:
12597:
12545:
12438:
12407:
12350:
12277:
12227:
12192:
12141:
12047:
12003:
11944:
11887:
11836:
11771:
11721:
11670:
11624:
11619:
11594:
11575:
11519:
11496:
11447:
11408:
11332:
11294:
11243:
11184:
11141:
11070:
11019:
10886:
10801:
10693:
10627:
10586:
10549:
10433:
10401:
10331:
10267:
10223:
10191:
10187:
10106:
9939:
9915:
9751:
9710:
9622:
9594:
9418:
9265:
9008:
9000:
8887:
8844:
8796:
8593:
8211:
8019:
of a planktic foraminiferan. There are about 10,000 living species of foraminiferans
7960:
7050:
6889:
6649:
6070:
5805:
are the animal component of the planktonic community ("zoo" comes from the Greek for
5783:
5701:
5591:
4673:
4007:
3381:
2952:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2562:
2531:
2381:
2353:
2294:
1990:
1919:
1837:
1798:
1657:
1638:
1583:
1579:
1407:
1048:
858:
of almost all chemical elements. Microorganisms are crucial to nutrient recycling in
851:
828:
770:
702:
595:
376:
302:
81:
20796:
20742:
20332:
19792:
18334:
Hastings JW (1996). "Chemistries and colors of bioluminescent reactions: a review".
18189:
17730:
17191:
17099:
15897:
15625:
15537:
Walsh PJ, Smith S, Fleming L, Solo-Gabriele H, Gerwick WH, eds. (2 September 2011).
15359:
15224:
14929:
14871:
14745:. Marine and Freshwater Botany. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter (published August 2012).
14709:
14692:
14620:
14576:
14365:
14180:
13156:
13033:
12990:
12697:
12450:
12289:
12254:
11783:
11196:
11153:
10830:
10022:
Marine microorganisms known as cyanobacteria first emerged in the oceans during the
9961:
8947:
7773:
account for about 45% of the total marine sediment, and originate in the erosion of
6545:
4547:
4243:, is unicellular in its adult form, and includes marine species. Other adult marine
2247:, can be visible to the naked eye and sometimes attains 0.75 mm (750 μm).
1414:
marine microbes have been found at a depth of 10,900 m (35,800 ft) in the
1243:
1179:
22421:
22345:
22279:
22134:
21798:
21773:
21735:
21709:
21684:
21659:
21634:
21609:
21574:
21549:
21516:
21480:
21470:
21462:
21435:
21415:
21339:
21329:
21281:
21253:
21228:
21202:
21156:
21146:
21106:
21041:
21037:
21033:
20992:
20984:
20943:
20933:
20885:
20841:
20831:
20776:
20714:
20645:
20627:
20575:
20567:
20446:
20304:
20243:
20197:
20152:
20134:
20099:
20071:
20048:
20020:
19975:
19957:
19916:
19906:
19867:
19823:
19772:
19746:
19711:
19660:
19652:
19600:
19547:
19507:
19471:
19436:
19411:
19375:
19357:
19319:
19294:
19269:
19225:
19195:
19160:
19123:
19105:
19038:
19010:
19000:
18871:
18861:
18753:
18743:
18713:
18673:
18573:
18563:
18524:
18483:
18475:
18406:
18386:
18343:
18275:
18223:
18203:
Suggested Explanation for Glowing Seas--Including Currently Glowing California Seas
18177:
18148:
18107:
18097:
18053:
18001:
17983:
17942:
17924:
17883:
17845:
17825:
17772:
17710:
17661:
17653:
17597:"Beware the mixotrophs – they can destroy entire ecosystems 'in a matter of hours'"
17567:
17557:
17518:
17400:
17342:
17293:
17243:
17221:
17179:
17162:
17146:
17134:
17079:
16975:
16867:
16851:
16812:
16736:
16716:
16662:
16613:
16603:
16551:
16541:
16470:
16421:
16411:
16359:
16339:
16296:
16218:
16208:
16067:
16047:
15877:
15792:
15782:
15693:
15647:
15613:
15437:
15417:
15339:
15294:
15284:
15093:
15083:
15026:
14982:
14964:
14901:
14849:
14812:
14802:
14746:
14704:
14663:
14655:
14608:
14564:
14533:
14521:
14466:
14458:
14353:
14298:
14290:
14233:
14211:
14168:
14119:
14081:
14059:
14009:
13914:
13870:
13862:
13823:
13778:
13774:
13770:
13729:
13688:
13680:
13634:
13626:
13579:
13536:
13450:
13442:
13415:
13393:
13356:
13329:
13265:
13245:
13136:
13099:
13060:
13056:
13013:
12962:
12913:
12909:
12905:
12866:
12819:
12809:
12760:
12750:
12701:
12693:
12644:
12636:
12587:
12535:
12527:
12496:
12430:
12397:
12389:
12334:
12269:
12239:
12219:
12182:
12172:
12131:
12123:
12059:
12039:
11993:
11983:
11934:
11926:
11877:
11867:
11826:
11818:
11763:
11733:
11713:
11682:
11662:
11614:
11606:
11565:
11555:
11486:
11478:
11443:
11439:
11398:
11390:
11324:
11284:
11274:
11233:
11223:
11176:
11133:
11060:
11043:
11009:
10999:
10903:
10791:
10783:
10705:
10685:
10639:
10619:
10561:
10541:
10391:
10383:
10321:
10311:
10257:
9386:
9065:
8545:
8078:
7808:
7754:
7625:, the main enzyme involved in the luminescence. The luminescence, sometimes called
7418:
7412:
7399:
of marine animals and other protists, and play an important part in the biology of
7162:
7113:
Protists that retain chloroplasts and rarely other organelles from many algal taxa
6968:
6960:
6395:
5198:
5148:
5132:
5033:
5004:
4919:
4829:
4742:
4613:
4470:
and food that provide other organisms with the chemical energy they need to exist.
4422:
4076:
4034:
4023:
3544:
3540:
3303:
3252:
2929:
2290:
2223:
2048:
1963:
1950:
1512:
898:
297:
256:
21912:
21151:
20780:
20450:
19475:
16816:
16720:
16189:"Satellite-detected fluorescence reveals global physiology of ocean phytoplankton"
13446:
11610:
9394:
alignment and comparison between the two species of marine bacteria pictured above
8531:
8435:
and the many other species living in or around it, which together form a discrete
7729:
5844:. Macroscopic zooplankton (not generally covered in this article) include pelagic
4787:
are the microscopic types of algae, not visible to the naked eye. They are mostly
2850:
form labyrinthine networks of tubes in which amoeba without pseudopods can travel
1402:
microorganisms — which includes bacteria and archaea, but not the nucleated
224:
22446:
22330:
22284:
22176:
21334:
21309:
20938:
20406:
20139:
19871:
19110:
18748:
18625:
18568:
18227:
18153:
18136:
18102:
18085:
17776:
17430:
16546:
16343:
16300:
15617:
15374:
15088:
14841:
14725:
14248:
11988:
11560:
10947:
10453:"Functions of global ocean microbiome key to understanding environmental changes"
9984:
9694:
9318:. The lack of easily accessible morphological features, such as those present in
8607:
8601:
8488:
8436:
8290:
8282:
8024:
7955:
7495:
6981:
5587:
5571:
5527:
5504:
5215:
5060:
5008:
4998:
4758:
4656:
4555:
4384:(water bears), about 0.5 mm long, are among the most resilient animals known
4159:
3827:
3738:
2649:
2550:
2401:
1994:
1774:
1440:
1360:
620:
518:
477:
467:
360:
126:
121:
96:
21553:
21110:
19946:"Is the genetic landscape of the deep subsurface biosphere affected by viruses?"
19895:"Is the Genetic Landscape of the Deep Subsurface Biosphere Affected by Viruses?"
18717:
14106:. The Geology, Geochemistry, and Biology of Submarine Canyons West of Portugal.
13004:
Poole AM, Penny D (2007). "Evaluating hypotheses for the origin of eukaryotes".
11394:
9894:
As an example of how omics data can be used with marine phytoplankton to inform
8237:
7799:
for the silica deposits of radiolarian shells brought to the surface during the
6653:
produce deep red blooms using enslaved chloroplasts from their algal prey
5468:
5044:
classification. They are a crucial source of food for many marine animals, from
1535:, which surrounds and protects the genetic material; and in some cases (iii) an
22562:
22557:
22516:
22441:
22320:
22255:
22216:
22206:
21749:
21588:
21449:
Cain AK, Barquist L, Goodman AL, Paulsen IT, Parkhill J, van Opijnen T (2020).
21364:
21295:
21285:
21181:
21120:
20902:
20571:
19725:
19521:
19485:
19450:
19362:
19174:
19052:
18704:
17114:
15249:
14740:
14612:
14439:"Torque and switching in the bacterial flagellar motor. An electrostatic model"
14123:
12870:
12794:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
12735:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
12393:
12127:
11767:
10984:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
10764:"Deposition rates of viruses and bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer"
10502:
10416:
10116:
9853:
9731:
9414:
9261:
9246:
9015:
8996:
8984:
8966:
8962:
8883:
8848:
8638:
8506:
8503:
8466:
8432:
8400:
8374:
8353:
8118:
8016:
7934:
7853:
7811:
containing at least 30 per cent from the skeletal remains of marine organisms.
7774:
7762:
7684:
7668:
7591:
7580:
7384:
7345:
7174:
6524:
6502:
6452:
6440:
6347:
6233:
6139:
6022:
5944:
5940:
5837:
5753:
5368:
5354:
5124:
5052:. Plankton can be divided into a plant-like component and an animal component.
4716:
4531:
4462:
4458:
4450:
4000:
3536:
3532:
3308:
3076:
2753:
2623:
2507:
2444:
2440:
2413:
2368:. Other aspects of archaeal biochemistry are unique, such as their reliance on
2064:
The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the
1536:
1471:
1453:
1415:
1079:
994:
952:
867:
758:
750:
580:
560:
528:
433:
365:
275:
261:
86:
71:
21899:
21466:
21419:
20718:
20201:
19511:
19440:
19273:
19164:
18678:
18661:
18479:
17714:
17347:
17322:
17226:
16979:
16855:
16475:
16450:
16094:
14905:
14853:
14783:"Distribution and Diversity of Planktonic Fungi in the West Pacific Warm Pool"
14634:
Le Calvez T, Burgaud G, Mahé S, Barbier G, Vandenkoornhuyse P (October 2009).
14568:
14294:
14172:
14064:
13630:
12847:
DeLong EF, Pace NR (2001). "Environmental diversity of bacteria and archaea".
12434:
10787:
10387:
10262:
10245:
9995:
liberates greenhouse gases in a small fraction of that time. As a result, the
9458:
9442:
8688:
8101:
Calcareous microfossils from marine sediment consisting mainly of star-shaped
6316:
6304:
6173:
6161:
4213:
4201:
4189:
3195:
3183:
3171:
2573:
1406:— may be as much as 0.8 trillion tons of carbon (of the total biosphere
22637:
22461:
22406:
22370:
22228:
22021:
22011:
21993:
21985:
21578:
21269:
21085:
20726:
20641:
20494:
Strange life-forms found deep in a mine point to vast 'underground Galapagos'
20316:
20255:
20223:
20209:
20148:
20083:
20032:
19971:
19962:
19911:
19879:
19835:
19561:
19415:
19371:
19239:
19119:
19042:
18528:
18287:
17997:
17988:
17938:
17404:
17383:
Varea, C.; Aragon, J.L.; Barrio, R.A. (1999). "Turing patterns on a sphere".
17062:
Arrigo, Kevin R. (2005). "Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles".
16987:
16863:
16676:
16416:
15990:
15040:
14978:
14913:
13303:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature – Genus Thiomargarita
13205:
12974:
12442:
11167:
Azam, F.; Malfatti, F. (2007). "Microbial structuring of marine ecosystems".
10493:
10227:
10153:
10062:
9911:
9826:
9755:
9315:
9269:
9180:
9148:
8875:
8824:
8622:
8510:
8424:
8349:
8267:
8155:
Marble can contain protist microfossils of foraminiferans, coccolithophores,
7988:
7858:
7746:
7281:
7011:
6995:
6901:
6675:
6565:
6549:
6215:
6004:
5936:
5825:
5810:
5757:
5708:
5324:
5274:
5232:
5072:
5037:
4931:
4877:
4792:
4762:
4750:
4669:
4660:, discovered in 1986, forms today an important part of the base of the ocean
4636:
4628:
4621:
4609:
4541:. Cyanobacteria were the first organisms to release oxygen via photosynthesis
4538:
4474:
4399:
4336:, 0.06-3.0 mm long, a worm-like animal living between sediment particles
4284:
4110:
4091:
4049:
4019:
3721:
3619:
3564:
3349:
3329:
3146:
3131:
3127:
3104:
2797:
2792:
2782:
2491:
2405:
2373:
2344:
2301:
2228:
2182:
2174:
2144:
2102:
2098:
2082:
2029:
1970:
1937:
1718:
1702:
1694:
1491:
1419:
1352:
998:
967:
944:
847:
788:
746:
533:
387:
319:
232:
21713:
21688:
21663:
21613:
21377:
Giuliano, Laura; Barbier, Michele; Briand, Frederic, eds. (September 2010).
21232:
20836:
20632:
20376:"Scientists Reveal a Massive Biosphere of Life Hidden Under Earth's Surface"
20277:
Goldenfeld, Nigel; Woese, Carl (January 2007). "Biology's next revolution".
19715:
19656:
19005:
18866:
18841:
17929:
17562:
17323:"Zooplankton grazing and growth: Scaling within the 2-2,-μm body size range"
17045:
16276:
15787:
15343:
15289:
14969:
14013:
13607:"Mixotrophic protists display contrasted biogeographies in the global ocean"
13540:
13334:
13317:
12966:
12814:
12755:
12592:
12565:"Giant viruses with an expanded complement of translation system components"
12093:"Never-Before-Seen Viruses With Weird DNA Were Just Discovered in The Ocean"
11872:
11137:
11004:
10316:
9197:
8710:, the most abundant bacteria in the ocean, plays a major role in the global
5689:
3670:
2955:. Since protists are eukaryotes they possess within their cell at least one
2263:
living in harsh environments, such as the yellow archaea pictured here in a
1906:, the most abundant bacteria in the ocean, plays a major role in the global
1605:
Multiple phages attached to a bacterial cell wall at 200,000x magnification
961:
22572:
22299:
22060:
21520:
21494:
21427:
21353:
21170:
20957:
20855:
20788:
20734:
20659:
20589:
20324:
20263:
20166:
20091:
20040:
19989:
19930:
19784:
19674:
19612:
19389:
19247:
19137:
19024:
18932:
18909:"Soil beneath ocean found to harbor long lived bacteria, fungi and viruses"
18885:
18767:
18730:
Taylor, A.R.; Chrachri, A.; Wheeler, G.; Goddard, H.; Brownlee, C. (2011).
18687:
18587:
18497:
18398:
18121:
18067:
18015:
17956:
17837:
17722:
17675:
17581:
17412:
17235:
17091:
16881:
16824:
16728:
16684:
16627:
16608:
16565:
16435:
16351:
16275:
Field, C. B.; Behrenfeld, M. J.; Randerson, J. T.; Falwoski, P. G. (1998).
16241:
16133:
16059:
15889:
15806:
15705:
15429:
15351:
15308:
15107:
15048:
14996:
14921:
14826:
14677:
14312:
14225:
14073:
13926:
13884:
13866:
13743:
13702:
13684:
13648:
13548:
13407:
13343:
13301:
13257:
13148:
13140:
13111:
13068:
13025:
12982:
12878:
12715:
12658:
12601:
12549:
12411:
12354:
12281:
12231:
12196:
12177:
12145:
12051:
12007:
11948:
11891:
11840:
11775:
11674:
11628:
11579:
11500:
11451:
11412:
11336:
11298:
11279:
11247:
11188:
11145:
11074:
11023:
10805:
10697:
10631:
10553:
10405:
10335:
10271:
10003:
levels will continue to rise as long as fossil fuels continue to be burnt.
9996:
9857:
9845:
9790:
9759:
9739:
9698:
9580:
9184:
8953:
8879:
8864:
8858:
8792:
8788:
8768:
8711:
8587:
8515:
8495:
8345:
8273:
8263:
8122:
7758:
7599:
7576:
7565:
Traditionally dinoflagellates have been presented as armoured or unarmoured
7467:
7396:
7365:
7208:
7204:
7191:
7085:
6922:
6918:
6847:
6843:
6835:
6444:
6432:
6420:
6225:
5956:
5865:
5829:
5732:
5693:
5666:
Phototrophic metabolism relies on one of three energy-converting pigments:
5144:
5096:
5029:
5012:
4819:
4804:
4791:
species which exist as individuals or in chains or groups, though some are
4727:
4712:
4696:
4494:
4394:
4113:. Several lichens are found in marine environments. Many more occur in the
4083:
4045:
3988:
3978:
3965:
3951:
3947:
3939:
3353:
3287:
3282:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2666:
2637:
2477:, found in water nearly saturated with salt, are now recognised as archaea.
2474:
2436:
2336:
2309:
2260:
2086:
2073:
2025:
1907:
1770:
1748:
1736:
1722:
1677:
1623:
1379:
1356:
938:
754:
575:
523:
513:
453:
349:
324:
251:
246:
101:
38:
21383:. Microbial Biotechnology, Vol. 3, n°5. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 489–621.
21257:
21055:
21006:
20973:"The winds of (evolutionary) change: breathing new life into microbiology"
19298:
18355:
18295:
18084:
Mitra, A; Flynn, KJ; Tillmann, U; Raven, J; Caron, D; et al. (2016).
17791:"Welcome to the Phaeocystis antarctica genome sequencing project homepage"
16308:
16213:
16188:
15400:
Janet Fang (6 April 2010). "Animals thrive without oxygen at sea bottom".
15031:
15014:
14750:
14480:
14021:
13835:
13792:
13464:
12927:
12833:
12774:
12640:
11822:
11725:
10676:
Suttle CA (2007). "Marine viruses—major players in the global ecosystem".
10577:
Glöckner, F.O., Gasol, J.M., McDonough, N., Calewaert, J.B. et al. (2012)
8030:
6205:
5994:
3649:
3498:
2255:
22604:
22365:
22221:
21777:
20682:
20352:
20113:
Anderson, Rika E.; Sogin, Mitchell L.; Baross, John A. (3 October 2014).
18876:
18544:"The Iceman's lithic toolkit: Raw material, technology, typology and use"
17657:
17321:
Hansen, Per Juel; Bjørnsen, Peter Koefoed; Hansen, Benni Winding (1997).
15644:"Understand the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental limits of life"
14690:
14659:
13591:
11930:
11482:
11314:
10926:
10862:
10158:
10071:
10023:
9992:
9496:
9332:
9110:
8762:
8727:
8614:
8327:
8286:
8259:
8139:
7922:
7914:
7907:
7618:
7614:
7613:
because of these dinoflagellates. Bioluminescent dinoflagellates possess
7435:
7404:
7392:
7369:
7094:
7078:
7071:
7064:
7057:
6988:
6910:
6896:
6874:
6866:
6839:
6830:, instead of having a single trophic mode on the continuum from complete
6789:
6784:
6754:
6618:
6448:
6424:
6269:
6066:
6013:
5932:
5833:
5802:
5679:
5667:
5606:
5432:
5140:
5136:
5092:
5080:
5045:
5016:
4815:
4788:
4754:
4738:
4708:
4700:
4691:
is an informal term for a widespread and diverse group of photosynthetic
4677:
4572:
4498:
4434:
4333:
4292:
4244:
4221:
As juveniles, animals develop from microscopic stages, which can include
4155:
4139:
4114:
4027:
3917:
3843:
3748:
3743:
3659:
3568:
3560:
3548:
3526:
3394:
3386:
3372:
3248:
3044:
2948:
2870:
2866:
2821:
2788:
2775:
2745:
2735:
2626:
were the closest known archaeal relatives of eukaryotes then. A possible
2526:
2397:
2369:
2305:
2170:
2166:
2147:
2106:
2065:
2017:
1967:
1942:
1844:
1787:
1766:
1548:
1374:
1333:
671:
666:
615:
555:
547:
458:
237:
53:
21638:
21475:
21344:
21206:
20075:
20024:
19776:
19665:
18112:
17083:
14842:"Diversity and biogeochemical function of planktonic fungi in the ocean"
14250:
Kingdoms and Domains: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth
13249:
12500:
12223:
12043:
11666:
11180:
10689:
10623:
10545:
9777:
8781:
6114:
4730:
are a phylum of unicellular flagellates with only a few marine members.
2997:
are a major algae group generating about 20% of world oxygen production.
1555:. The average virion is about one one-hundredth the size of the average
22456:
22335:
22243:
22238:
22026:
21395:
20473:"World's Oldest Groundwater Supports Life Through Water-Rock Chemistry"
19569:
18814:, Carleton College. Modified 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
17888:
16451:"Bio-manufacturing technology based on diatom micro- and nanostructure"
13431:"Walsby's square bacterium: fine structure of an orthogonal procaryote"
13017:
12945:(9 April 2004). "Ancient Invasions: From Endosymbionts to Organelles".
12346:
12273:
11383:
Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
9932:"Reading the Book of Life–Omics as a Universal Tool Across Disciplines"
9919:
9861:
9841:
9830:
9786:
9666:
9555:
9508:
9377:, a bacterium which grows inside Arctic sea ice at subzero temperatures
9327:
9257:
9115:
8927:
8918:
8856:
which release clear relatively cool water usually below 30 °C, as
8459:
8337:
8102:
7994:
7738:
7553:
7400:
7388:
7310:
7267:
7200:
7155:
7141:
7126:
7043:
6974:
6930:
6882:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6831:
6684:
6507:
6257:
5985:
5928:
5869:
4927:
4873:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4661:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4403:
4381:
4315:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4106:
4087:
4057:
4053:
3982:
3858:
3782:
3757:
3690:
3631:
3492:
3436:
3398:
3368:
3030:
2933:
2889:
2833:
2809:
2658:
2587:
2569:
2264:
2151:
1986:
1974:
1914:
1866:
1861:
1829:
1742:
1690:
1479:
1429:
1411:
1399:
1325:
1238:
1203:
1091:
1071:
1002:
879:
863:
381:
292:
21748:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
21739:
21587:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
21363:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
21294:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
21180:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
21119:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
20901:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
20890:
20873:
20291:
19827:
19750:
19724:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
19520:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
19484:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
19449:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
19338:"Coral-associated bacteria demonstrate phylosymbiosis and cophylogeny"
19230:
19213:
19173:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
19051:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
18928:"The oldest living organisms: ancient survivors with a fragile future"
15322:
Yuan X, Xiao S (2005). "Lichen-Like Symbiosis 600 Million Years Ago".
14405:
14381:
Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition, revised
14357:
13900:"The molecular ecology of microbial eukaryotes unveils a hidden world"
13734:
13717:
12531:
12116:
NCBI Taxonomy: A Comprehensive Update on Curation, Resources and Tools
12074:"Scientists Find New Type of Virus in World's Oceans: Autolykiviridae"
10415:
Modified text was copied from this source, which is available under a
10056:
9825:
can provide an easy shorthand to encapsulate a field; for example, an
9742:
is providing especially valuable information for uncultivable samples.
9366:
8440:
8285:, coral reefs and kelp forests provide particularly rich habitats. In
7541:
6196:
5646:(2) it changes its configuration so a proton is expelled from the cell
5095:
of phytoplankton algae can occur in surface waters. Phytoplankton are
4749:, a (disputed) phylum contains about 7,000 recognised species, mostly
4647:
which redirected the evolution of the major animal and plant species.
3924:
3584:
1935:
Electron micrograph showing a species of the widespread cyanobacteria
32:
22431:
22248:
21949:
21802:
18369:
Haddock SH, Moline MA, Case JF (2009). "Bioluminescence in the sea".
17829:
17297:
17183:
17138:
16223:
15755:"Present and future global distributions of the marine Cyanobacteria
14599:
Hyde, K.D.; E.B.J. Jones (1989). "Spore attachment in marine fungi".
14546:
13605:
Faure E, Not F, Benoiston AS, Labadie K, Bittner L, Ayata SD (2019).
13082:
McFadden GI (1999). "Endosymbiosis and evolution of the plant cell".
11717:
11465:
Sanjuán R, Nebot MR, Chirico N, Mansky LM, Belshaw R (October 2010).
11228:
10907:
9794:
9609:
9291:
9030:
8988:
8906:
8470:
8463:
8418:
8310:
8160:
8074:
8036:
8013:
7975:
7971:
7664:
7583:
7572:
7502:
7243:
6878:
6870:
6823:
6602:
6428:
6408:
6399:
6376:
5964:
5920:
5904:
5857:
5845:
5817:
5712:
5683:
5648:(3) the chemical potential causes the proton to flow back to the cell
5531:
5508:
5360:
5264:
5104:
4810:
Unicellular organisms are usually microscopic. There are exceptions.
4746:
4704:
4577:
4426:
4260:
4248:
4143:
4121:
4004:
3929:
3790:
to propel through the water at speeds of 500 micrometers per second.
3513:
3505:
3432:
3390:
3150:
3090:
2960:
2847:
2827:
2769:
2741:
2720:
2662:
2591:
2348:. Despite this morphological similarity to bacteria, archaea possess
2328:
2313:
2044:
2032:
2021:
2002:
1998:
1924:
1818:
1567:
1556:
1395:
1388:
1095:
1067:
883:
859:
784:
21099:"Phytoplankton Responses to Marine Climate Change – An Introduction"
20672:
20308:
19552:
19535:
19211:
16449:
Zhang, D.; Wang, Y.; Cai, J.; Pan, J.; Jiang, X.; Jiang, Y. (2012).
16397:
15421:
13398:
13373:
12338:
11427:
11065:
11038:
10372:"Scientists' warning to humanity: Microorganisms and climate change"
9208:
Actual volumes from which organisms are sampled are always recorded.
8491:
over whether holobionts can be viewed as single evolutionary units.
7322:
4275:
are also too small to be recognised with the naked eye, as are many
2431:
Archaea are particularly numerous in the oceans, and the archaea in
2380:. Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes: these range from
22541:
22103:
22098:
22036:
22006:
21917:
Ohtsuka S, Suzaki T, Horiguchi T, Suzuki N and Not F (Eds.) (2015)
20988:
19323:
18218:
Boltovskoy, Demetrio; Anderson, O. Roger; Correa, Nancy M. (2017).
17480:. Vol. 11. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 22.
16962:
16186:
15503:(electronic ed.). International Association for Plant Taxonomy
12303:
11746:
10956:
9903:
9834:
9782:
9245:
High volumes of plankton samples can also be analysed rapidly with
9073:
8499:
8477:
8369:
8164:
8082:
7898:
7700:
7659:
7587:
7377:
7373:
7196:
5924:
5916:
5861:
5787:
5780:
5416:
Silicified frustule of a pennate diatom with two overlapping halves
5397:
5387:
5374:
5255:
5156:
5128:
5088:
5021:
4971:
4959:
4954:
4852:
4268:
4237:
4234:
4131:
4072:
4068:
3996:
3974:
3867:
3485:
3448:
3435:. Cells which use flagella for movement are usually referred to as
3424:
3014:
2432:
2393:
2377:
2324:
2320:
2231:
2214:
1959:
1710:
1524:
1495:
1475:
1463:
1343:
Under a magnifier, a splash of seawater teems with microscopic life
1087:
1075:
1036:
1020:
1005:
890:
875:
808:
800:
776:
397:
206:
21132:
20874:"Microbial diversity: the gap between the estimated and the known"
19944:
Anderson, Rika E.; Brazelton, William J.; Baross, John A. (2011).
19893:
Anderson, Rika E.; Brazelton, William J.; Baross, John A. (2011).
17969:
17743:
15145:
Sridhar, K.R. (2009). "10. Aquatic fungi – Are they planktonic?".
14508:
13318:"Archaea associated with human surfaces: not to be underestimated"
9966:
Microorganisms and climate change in marine and terrestrial biomes
9144:
Estimates of microbial species counts in the three domains of life
6668:
6053:
Also like diatoms, radiolarian shells are usually made of silicate
4627:
The first primary producers that used photosynthesis were oceanic
4565:
3375:, is not a true plant, yet it is multicellular and can grow to 50m
2917:
2356:
that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably the
1339:
1158:
22171:
22031:
22001:
21954:
21936:
Mixotrophy in Protists: From Model Systems to Mathematical Models
21084:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
16944:
DasSarma, Shiladitya; Schwieterman, Edward W. (11 October 2018).
16321:
16026:
Algae is the crop of the future, according to researchers in Geel
15860:
Guiry MD (October 2012). "How many species of algae are there?".
15452:"Briny deep basin may be home to animals thriving without oxygen"
14328:
12671:
11513:
9772:
9349:
9319:
9311:
8828:
8632:
8378:
8341:
8168:
8086:
7967:
7285:
7262:
7023:
6885:. They can take advantage of different environmental conditions.
6529:
6484:
5960:
5952:
5948:
5889:
5853:
5776:
5675:
5288:
5108:
4963:
4935:
4881:
4734:
4366:
4311:
4272:
4256:
4240:
4041:
3969:
3863:
3772:
3627:
3623:
3578:
3440:
3256:
3123:
2972:
2884:
2805:
2801:
2727:
2654:
2600:
2512:
2459:
2421:
2400:) use sunlight as an energy source, and other species of archaea
2385:
2282:
2268:
2090:
2057:
1982:
1762:
1571:
1528:
1499:
1320:
1122:
1044:
1028:
1024:
824:
820:
804:
762:
20703:
16643:"Molecular ecology of extremely halophilic Archaea and Bacteria"
16581:
16400:"First Viruses Infecting the Marine Diatom Guinardia delicatula"
16274:
12622:
10736:"Trillions Upon Trillions of Viruses Fall From the Sky Each Day"
9072:
for up to 101.5 million years. The microorganisms were found in
7734:
5939:
and smaller zooplankton is common, and found in many species of
5935:, whether single-celled or multi-cellular, predatory grazing on
5824:
that prey on other microscopic life) are zooplankton, including
5396:
Diatoms are enclosed in protective silica (glass) shells called
2936:
protists, are thought to be the closest living relatives of the
2756:. Plant-like protists are important components of phytoplankton
22016:
18977:
15013:
Gao, Zheng; Johnson, Zackary I.; Wang, Guangyi (30 July 2009).
13504:"Deep sea microorganisms and the origin of the eukaryotic cell"
11428:"Evolutionary genomics of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses"
11094:
9936:
YOUMARES 8 – Oceans Across Boundaries: Learning from each other
9818:
9811:
9735:
9687:
9323:
9119:
9077:
9050:
9034:
8481:
8455:
8444:
8250:
7979:
7886:
7869:
7865:
6480:
6436:
6380:
6241:
5716:
5460:
5383:
5303:
5283:
5116:
4975:
4720:
4632:
4511:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
4506:
4493:. In addition, primary producers are influential in the global
4482:
4467:
4098:
4015:
3913:
3909:
3765:
3734:
3729:
3679:
3655:
3639:
3591:
3556:
3444:
3416:
3333:
3010:
2994:
2937:
2749:
2357:
2332:
2069:
1897:
1852:
1673:
1668:
1616:
1532:
1507:
1483:
1364:
1083:
948:
947:
are the earliest form of life on Earth for which there is good
871:
392:
354:
21538:
Understanding Host-Microbiome Interactions – An Omics Approach
17803:
17790:
16837:
15752:
15536:
14101:
9983:. Marine microorganisms also recycle nutrients for use in the
9203:
Strategies for sampling plankton by size classes and abundance
8655:
8007:
6029:, provide valuable information about past oceanic conditions.
4354:, about 0.2 mm long, live in spaces between marine gravel
4082:
Higher fungi – filamentous, modified to planktonic lifestyle (
1824:
1684:
22594:
22041:
21744:
21583:
21359:
21290:
21176:
21115:
21103:
YOUMARES 8–Oceans Across Boundaries: Learning from each other
20897:
20678:"Study: Microbial dark matter dominates Earth's environments"
19720:
19516:
19480:
19445:
19169:
19047:
18838:
18032:
Stoecker, D.K.; Hansen, P.J.; Caron, D.A.; Mitra, A. (2017).
17040:. Liverpool: University Press of Liverpool. pp. 176–92.
16929:
A tiny marine microbe could play a big role in climate change
16895:
Yawo, Hiromu; Kandori, Hideki; Koizumi, Amane (5 June 2015).
16040:
Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology
13227:
12516:"Genomics of Megavirus and the elusive fourth domain of Life"
12514:
Legendre M, Arslan D, Abergel C, Claverie JM (January 2012).
12513:
10978:
Takai K, Nakamura K, Toki T, Tsunogai U, et al. (2008).
10761:
10411:
9768:
9747:
8974:
8931:
8901:
8837:
8473:
7983:
7881:
7873:
7795:, the "father of modern oceanography", who proposed the term
7742:
7030:
6416:
6142:
on a sphere closely replicate some radiolarian shell patterns
5120:
5049:
4967:
4795:. Microalgae are important components of the marine protists
4688:
4478:
4230:
4222:
3961:
3698:
3694:
3428:
3108:
2873:
protists that get their food from a combination of the above
2840:
2708:
2425:
2009:
1978:
1544:
1540:
1487:
1459:
1447:
including viral infection of bacteria, phytoplankton and fish
1410:, estimated at between 1 and 4 trillion tons). Single-celled
1348:
1329:
1060:
1052:
1040:
1032:
917:
840:
832:
816:
812:
780:
20606:
Filee, J.; Tetart, F.; Suttle, C. A.; Krisch, H. M. (2005).
18729:
18541:
16116:
Duval, B.; Margulis, L. (1995). "The microbial community of
15476:(8th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson – Benjamin Cummings.
8836:
and the concentration of dissolved nutrients and gases. The
4942:. Like microalgae, macroalgae (seaweeds) can be regarded as
4651:
3658:
have the ability to alter shape by extending and retracting
3443:, and cells which use pseudopods are usually referred to as
2267:, but they have since been found in a much broader range of
2093:. This involved the engulfment by proto-eukaryotic cells of
1063:
as microorganisms, but others consider these as non-living.
843:
as microorganisms, but others consider these as non-living.
20506:
Oldest Water on Earth Found Deep Within the Canadian Shield
16898:
Optogenetics: Light-Sensing Proteins and Their Applications
16491:
Coccolithophores: From Molecular Processes to Global Impact
15969:
Van den Hoek, Christiaan; Mann, David; Jahns, H.M. (1995).
14942:
14723:
Jones, E.B.G., Hyde, K.D., & Pang, K.-L., eds. (2014).
14633:
12466:"In Giant Virus Genes, Hints About Their Mysterious Origin"
12209:
10882:
10369:
10148:
9907:
9662:
9658:
9585:
8294:
7877:
7117:
5756:, and is used as a fundamental principle in describing the
5641:
Model of the energy generating mechanism in marine bacteria
5103:
Phytoplankton consist mainly of microscopic photosynthetic
4766:
4631:
about 2.3 billion years ago. The release of molecular
3964:
are known from marine environments. These are parasitic on
2905:
2349:
2331:. The Archaea are further divided into multiple recognized
1652:
913:
905:
904:
In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355
773:
21536:. In: Singh RP, Kothari R, Koringa PG and Singh SP (Eds.)
21448:
20003:
Suttle, Curtis A. (September 2005). "Viruses in the sea".
19762:
15149:. Jaipur, India: Pratiksha Publications. pp. 133–148.
14104:
Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
13848:
12020:
11962:
Roux S, Krupovic M, Poulet A, Debroas D, Enault F (2012).
11695:
9918:. Bands above show temperature‐dependent abundance of the
8439:. The components of a holobiont are individual species or
6758:
swimming in a drop of pond water with other microorganisms
6085:
Cutaway schematic diagram of a spherical radiolarian shell
3311:
which makes mud trails. Its diameter is up to 3.8 cm.
21451:"A decade of advances in transposon-insertion sequencing"
19335:
19214:"The importance of the microbiome of the plant holobiont"
18450:
Brand, Larry E.; Campbell, Lisa; Bresnan, Eileen (2012).
17314:
17198:
15543:
Oceans and Human Health: Risks and Remedies from the Seas
14406:"Amoebae: Protists Which Move and Feed Using Pseudopodia"
13177:. European Bioinformatics Institute. 2011. Archived from
11961:
11464:
10977:
10476:
10474:
9307:
9122:
8930:
and therefore impact microbial biogeochemical cycling by
8289:
benthic diatoms dominate as photosynthetic organisms. In
7595:
6877:
or other combinations of these. Mixotrophs can be either
4226:
4138:
According to fossil records, fungi date back to the late
3981:
areas of the ocean. A diverse range of unusual secondary
2971:. Protists are asexual but can reproduce rapidly through
2424:; unlike bacteria and eukaryotes, no known species forms
2389:
1520:
1516:
1043:
protists, as well as certain microscopic animals such as
20919:
18217:
18168:
Stoecker DK (1999). "Mixotrophy among Dinoflagellates".
18031:
17859:
J, Stefels; L, Dijkhuizen; WWC, Gieskes (20 July 1995).
17428:
14193:
14158:
14037:"Giant Deep-Sea Protist Produces Bilaterian-like Traces"
13604:
12562:
9229:
High volumes of plankton samples can be analysed rapidly
9091:
Unidentified spherical algal microorganism, part of the
8272:
Marine microbenthos are microorganisms that live in the
7439:, one of the few naked dinoflagellates which lack armour
6900:
is an important algal genus found as part of the marine
5174:
Phytoplankton are the foundation of the ocean food chain
4680:, and hence cyanobacteria from the definition of algae.
4485:
released as a by-product of photosynthesis is needed by
1599:
1382:, and can travel the globe before falling back to earth.
20605:
20479:. Deep Carbon Observatory. 29 July 2019. Archived from
20427:
20345:
20182:
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
19943:
19892:
18700:
18083:
17535:
17112:
16793:
16697:
16577:
16575:
16080:
15250:"The Earth Life Web, Growth and Development in Lichens"
14848:. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 71–88.
13855:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
13673:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
13666:
12367:
12161:"Structural and functional studies of archaeal viruses"
11425:
10447:
10445:
10209:
10207:
9727:
DNA sequencing technologies used in marine metagenomics
8833:
5463:
which account for 50% of the ocean's primary production
5390:) with radial (centric) or bilateral (pennate) symmetry
4695:
which are not necessarily closely related and are thus
4295:
of the world oceans than any other group of organisms.
3107:
is a photosynthetic algae that lives inside hosts like
1761:
There are also archaean viruses which replicate within
21853:
Alien Ocean: Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas
21750:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
21589:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
21365:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
21296:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
21182:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
21121:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
20903:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
19848:
19726:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License
19522:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
19486:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
19451:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
19254:
19175:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
19053:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
17905:"An original mode of symbiosis in open ocean plankton"
17273:
14636:"Fungal diversity in deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems"
10952:"Microbes discovered by deepest marine drill analysed"
10471:
10417:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
9810:
such as transcriptomics and proteomics with saturated
8617:
pathway is a mechanism that prevents marine microbial
8423:
The concept of the holobiont was initially defined by
6582:
Naked amoeba showing food vacuoles and ingested diatom
6026:
5318:
Their protective shells (frustles) are made of silicon
21376:
20697:
19205:
17902:
17256:
15968:
15471:
15061:
14383:. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. p. 32.
9384:
of different kinds of microbes can be distinguished.
7470:
radiolarians can be in symbiosis with dinoflagellates
6281:
Foraminiferans are important unicellular zooplankton
6021:
radiolarians die and become preserved as part of the
5959:
animal larvae, and two groups of crustaceans, namely
21310:"Marine metagenomics as a source for bioprospecting"
20226:(15 January 2012). "Marine Viruses: Truth or Dare".
19634:
18511:
Buskey, E.J. (1995). "Growth and bioluminescence of
18449:
17500:
17320:
17204:
16943:
16572:
15373:
Jones, E. B. Gareth; Pang, Ka-Lai (31 August 2012).
15167:. University of Southern Mississippi. Archived from
14493:
12894:"Archaea and the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition"
11376:
11260:
11090:"Life Confirmed Under Antarctic Ice; Is Space Next?"
10442:
10204:
10038:
7724:
7609:. At night, ocean water can light up internally and
5028:) are a diverse group of organisms that live in the
4214:
Tardigrades: Chubby, misunderstood, and not immortal
1082:
that occurs in the ocean, as well as the cycling of
1066:
Microorganisms are crucial to nutrient recycling in
870:
that occurs in the ocean, as well as the cycling of
21393:
20922:"A holistic approach to marine eco-systems biology"
20601:
20599:
20112:
18807:"Paleoclimatology: How Can We Infer Past Climates?"
18662:"Diversity, Nomenclature, and Taxonomy of Protists"
18617:
17689:Katechakis A, Stibor H (July 2006). "The mixotroph
17429:Hemleben, C.; Anderson, O.R.; Spindler, M. (1989).
17361:
17359:
17205:Velicer, Gregory J.; Mendes-Soares, Helena (2007).
13897:
12728:
12252:
12158:
11797:Brum JR, Schenck RO, Sullivan MB (September 2013).
11796:
10181:
9860:methods are all used to provide information on the
7391:, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (
5219:
accounts for much of the ocean's primary production
4018:and yeasts associated with planktonic particles or
3439:, cells which use cilia are usually referred to as
2203:
grows inside Arctic sea ice at subzero temperatures
20970:
17008:
16894:
16236:
16234:
16120:colonies: endosymbionts, residents, and tenants".
15736:"The Most Important Microbe You've Never Heard Of"
13938:
13936:
13124:
11514:Mahy, W.J.; Van Regenmortel, M.H.V., eds. (2009).
11212:"Marine viruses: key players in marine ecosystems"
11209:
10289:
9771:is a term used informally to refer to branches of
7749:, which are extinct, was used to date this dagger.
5876:Microzooplankton: major grazers of the plankton...
4761:containing about 2,000 recognised species, mostly
1758:are also known to infect diverse marine bacteria.
20812:"Scaling laws predict global microbial diversity"
18368:
17382:
17279:
14780:
14436:
13561:
12940:
11039:"Lakes under the ice: Antarctica's secret garden"
10365:
10363:
10361:
10359:
10357:
8942:
8297:strongly control opportunities for microbenthos.
5306:are one of the most common types of phytoplankton
4934:and more visible types of algae, commonly called
4026:, these aquatic fungi play a significant role in
3938:, covered in lichen. This snail farms intertidal
2408:, no known species of archaea does both. Archaea
1651:Opinions differ on whether viruses are a form of
22635:
21760:
21758:
20915:
20913:
20911:
20867:
20865:
20759:(1988). "How many species are there on earth?".
20596:
20496:, By Corey S. Powell, 7 Sept. 2019, nbcnews.com.
19404:Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
19091:
19085:
19068:Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation
18027:
18025:
17688:
17356:
16888:
16146:
15467:
15465:
14891:
14598:
14324:
14322:
13756:
12324:
12304:"Harmful Algal Blooms: Red Tide: Home | CDC HSB"
11904:
11426:Iyer LM, Balaji S, Koonin EV, Aravind L (2006).
11263:"The ancient Virus World and evolution of cells"
10923:"Intraterrestrials: Life Thrives in Ocean Floor"
9730:The discovery process involves marine sampling,
8606:Marine microorganisms play central roles in the
8429:Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation
5401:
3352:, another single-celled foraminiferan, lives in
1445:Virus-host interactions in the marine ecosystem,
889:A small proportion of marine microorganisms are
21869:Marine Microbiology: Ecology & Applications
21307:
21067:
21065:
20816:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
20612:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
20276:
19491:
19180:
18985:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
17909:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
17594:
17542:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
17011:American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts
16831:
16448:
16231:
15767:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
15530:
15140:
15138:
15008:
15006:
14949:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
14693:"Steroids from the marine fungus Geotrichum sp"
14246:
13967:University of California Museum of Paleontology
13942:
13933:
13477:
11853:
11640:
11638:
11372:
11370:
11368:
11115:
10940:
10719:Living Bacteria Are Riding Earth's Air Currents
10671:
10669:
10667:
10573:
10571:
7407:and could also be classified as phytoplankton.
6826:is an organism that can use a mix of different
6398:were constructed from limestone that contained
4699:. Marine algae can be divided into six groups:
4178:Copepods: The Diatom-Devouring King of Plankton
3455:, and consequently have no movement mechanism.
3356:. It has a giant shell up to 20 cm across.
3332:with an appearance and lifestyle that mimics a
1878:of life, but this has been largely discounted.
791:. Microorganisms are very diverse. They can be
19534:Wilhelm, Steven W.; Suttle, Curtis A. (1999).
19092:Bordenstein, Seth R.; Theis, Kevin R. (2015).
19064:
18981:"Ancient bacteria show evidence of DNA repair"
18694:
18630:Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates
17615:"Microscopic body snatchers infest our oceans"
17159:
17057:
17055:
15595:
15262:
15012:
14403:
14277:Dawson, Scott C; Paredez, Alexander R (2013).
14272:
14270:
13945:"The Air You're Breathing? A Diatom Made That"
13046:
12891:
11595:"Virioplankton: viruses in aquatic ecosystems"
11592:
10852:
10850:
10848:
10498:"Meet Luca, the Ancestor of All Living Things"
10354:
10239:
10237:
9873:Meta-omics data based biogeochemical modeling
9833:has become established as a term for studying
8381:are estimated to be half a million years old.
8230:Distribution of sediment types on the seafloor
7586:within their tests. The nassellarian provides
6850:or by enslaving the entire phototrophic cell.
6351:streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food
6041:Like diatoms, radiolarians come in many shapes
5644:(1) When sunlight strikes a rhodopsin molecule
5492:Diatoms: Tiny factories you can see from space
4202:Rotifers: Charmingly bizarre and often ignored
4094:). Most mycoplankton species are higher fungi.
2661:(bacteria and archaea) and later evolved into
2586:All living organisms can be grouped as either
1717:parasite marine bacteria and archaea, such as
1351:in marine ecosystems. Most marine viruses are
37:Role of the microbial community in the marine
21970:
21755:
21101:. In Jungblut S., Liebich V., Bode M. (Eds)
20908:
20871:
20862:
20179:
19756:
19533:
19456:
19304:
19058:
18079:
18077:
18022:
16257:Lindsey, R., Scott, M. and Simmon, R. (2010)
16115:
15909:
15907:
15824:. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.
15632:
15462:
14839:
14627:
14422:. The University of Edinburgh. Archived from
14319:
14276:
13849:Slapeta J, Moreira D, López-García P (2005).
11348:
11346:
9213:
8314:a widespread abundant genus of benthic forams
8121:), usually made of calcium carbonate, from a
7455:extrudes a large feeding veil to capture prey
5892:eat phytoplankton. This one is carrying eggs.
4287:environment. Copepods contribute more to the
4233:. At least one microscopic animal group, the
1019:. Microorganisms are diverse and include all
723:
179:
21898:Middelboe M and Corina Brussaard CPD (Eds.)
21078:, Gulf of Alaska Seamounts 2019 Expedition.
21062:
20666:
20543:
20537:
20511:
20393:
20367:
20346:Deep Carbon Observatory (10 December 2018).
20339:
19279:
18603:Voyage of the Challenger : The Atlantic
17471:
17424:
17422:
17250:
15192:"Freshwater and marine lichen-forming fungi"
15135:
15003:
14840:Wang, G.; Wang, X.; Liu, X.; Li, Q. (2012).
14152:
13662:
13660:
13658:
13284:Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology
12318:
12203:
11635:
11458:
11419:
11377:Koonin EV, Starokadomskyy P (October 2016).
11365:
11254:
11166:
11081:
11030:
10664:
10655:
10568:
10486:
10285:
10283:
10281:
7387:, but a large fraction of these are in fact
4559:is a major contributor to atmospheric oxygen
4441:, making their own food by gathering around
2039:traditionally included all prokaryotes, the
1106:Marine microorganisms
20809:
19805:
18779:
18777:
18456:: The biology and ecology of a toxic genus"
18308:
17052:
15975:. Cambridge University Press. p. 166.
14726:Freshwater fungi: and fungal-like organisms
14267:
13991:
13428:
13315:
12476:
11507:
11310:
11308:
10914:
10876:
10845:
10602:Suttle, C.A. (2005). "Viruses in the Sea".
10234:
8742:Size and classification of marine particles
8395:
8081:made up of microfossils in the form of the
4509:when discussing primary producers, but the
4473:The principal marine primary producers are
3266:
3009:Diatoms have glass like cell walls made of
1797:between different species, which increases
866:. They are also responsible for nearly all
21977:
21963:
21394:Holtorf, Hauke; Guitton, Marie-Christine;
20544:Morono, Yuki; et al. (28 July 2020).
19144:
18925:
18074:
16527:
15933:
15913:
15904:
15838:
15638:
15399:
15244:
15242:
15189:
13805:
13715:
13496:
13003:
12898:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
12846:
12507:
11599:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
11343:
11261:Koonin EV, Senkevich TG, Dolja VV (2006).
10859:"Microbes Thrive in Deepest Spot on Earth"
10646:
10213:
9891:Using omics data with marine phytoplankton
9443:Microbes don't actually look like anything
8575:Climate change and the rhodolith holobiont
7380:may be the most basal flagellate lineage.
6917:is an important contributor to the marine
6333:section showing chambers of a spiral foram
4105:associations between a fungus, usually an
4067:Lower fungi – adapted to marine habitats (
3559:when they have temporary flagellum – some
2462:may be the most abundant of marine archaea
1793:Viruses are an important natural means of
1394:Microscopic organisms live throughout the
730:
716:
186:
172:
22600:Physical factors affecting microbial life
22590:Microbially induced sedimentary structure
21484:
21474:
21343:
21333:
21263:
21160:
21150:
21045:
20996:
20947:
20937:
20889:
20845:
20835:
20649:
20631:
20579:
20399:
20290:
20222:
20156:
20138:
19979:
19961:
19920:
19910:
19664:
19582:
19551:
19421:
19379:
19361:
19229:
19127:
19109:
19014:
19004:
18906:
18875:
18865:
18757:
18747:
18677:
18577:
18567:
18487:
18313:(8th ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 95.
18265:
18152:
18111:
18101:
18057:
18005:
17987:
17946:
17928:
17887:
17766:
17665:
17571:
17561:
17419:
17346:
17225:
16961:
16871:
16787:
16784:, Popular Science, January 2001, Page 55.
16666:
16634:
16617:
16607:
16555:
16545:
16474:
16425:
16415:
16222:
16212:
16083:"Literature Review of Caulerpa taxifolia"
15997:
15939:
15813:
15796:
15786:
15733:
15539:"Cyanobacteria and cyanobacterial toxins"
15372:
15298:
15288:
15097:
15087:
15030:
14986:
14968:
14816:
14806:
14739:Jones, E.B.G.; Pang, K.-L., eds. (2012).
14708:
14667:
14507:
14470:
14378:
14302:
14215:
14063:
13874:
13782:
13733:
13692:
13655:
13638:
13526:
13520:
13454:
13397:
13333:
12917:
12860:
12823:
12813:
12764:
12754:
12705:
12648:
12591:
12539:
12482:
12401:
12186:
12176:
12135:
11997:
11987:
11938:
11881:
11871:
11830:
11790:
11618:
11569:
11559:
11490:
11402:
11288:
11278:
11237:
11227:
11064:
11013:
11003:
10812:
10795:
10755:
10459:. University of Georgia. 10 December 2015
10395:
10325:
10315:
10290:Bar-On, YM; Phillips, R; Milo, R (2018).
10278:
10261:
10134:Microbially induced sedimentary structure
9294:of microorganisms was inferred and their
8650:Roles of fungi in the marine carbon cycle
7688:produces red tides highly toxic to humans
5760:of seawater and phytoplankton evolution.
5742:
5707:In 2000 a team of microbiologists led by
2489:Flat, square-shaped cells of the archaea
1511:, consist of two or three parts: (i) the
1332:relative to those of other organisms and
21821:Introduction to Marine Micropaleontology
21013:
20373:
19536:"Viruses and Nutrient Cycles in the Sea"
18786:Introduction to Marine Micropaleontology
18774:
18653:
18362:
18333:
18255:. Springer Science & Business Media.
18250:
18167:
18128:
17371:Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
17035:
16516:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
16246:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
16172:Eerie red glow traces ocean plant health
16149:Biological Oceanography: An Introduction
15321:
14247:Margulis L, Chapman MJ (19 March 2009).
14028:
13709:
13309:
13081:
12729:Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (1990).
12159:Lawrence CM, Menon S, Eilers BJ (2009).
12152:
12090:
11905:Xue H, Xu Y, Boucher Y, Polz MF (2012).
11645:Suttle CA (2005). "Viruses in the sea".
11305:
10524:Suttle CA (2005). "Viruses in the Sea".
9960:
9950:
9884:
9866:
9720:
9475:Differential interference contrast (DIC)
9402:
9385:
9360:, the most common bacterium in the ocean
9196:
9086:
9084:(SPG), "the deadest spot in the ocean".
9055:
9014:
8946:
8735:
8654:
8644:
8631:
8586:
8399:
8249:
7959:
7950:elaborate silica shell of a radiolarian
7857:
7728:
6548:testate amoeba covered in diatoms (from
6462:
5841:
5688:
5634:
5568:, named after the BBC documentary series
5467:
5435:in the North Sea and the English Channel
5059:
4981:
4953:
4581:cyanobacteria swirling in the Baltic Sea
4393:
3923:
3908:
2254:
2241:The largest known bacterium, the marine
1930:
1913:
1896:
1823:
1812:
1683:
1667:
1631:Phage injecting its genome into bacteria
1439:
1373:
1338:
1319:
1259:
993:Microorganisms make up about 70% of the
976:
31:
22376:International Census of Marine Microbes
22351:Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
21920:Marine Protists: Diversity and Dynamics
20971:Olsen GJ, Woese CR, Overbeek R (1994).
18134:
17631:
17153:
16775:
16374:"King's College London – Lake Megachad"
16037:
16003:
15497:McNeill, J.; et al., eds. (2012).
15496:
15376:Marine Fungi: and Fungal-like Organisms
15239:
15144:
14742:Marine Fungi, and Fungal-like Organisms
14697:Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society
14187:
13118:
12520:Communicative & Integrative Biology
12424:
12296:
11537:
11535:
11352:
10946:
10733:
10243:
10177:
10175:
10087:International Census of Marine Microbes
9930:Brüwer, J.D. and Buck-Wiese, H. (2018)
9697:. These techniques are genome-resolved
9098:To date biologists have been unable to
8878:, free floating cells, and bacteria in
8872:Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
8827:living within and at the interfaces of
8816:Hydrothermal vent microbial communities
7316:Unarmored dinoflagellates Kofoid (1921)
5123:(red, green, brown, and yellow-green),
5064:Phytoplankton – such as this colony of
4949:
4676:as algae. Most authorities exclude all
4513:now accepts both terms as equivalents.
4505:has been traditionally used instead of
4190:Gastrotrichs: Four-day-old grandmothers
3184:Euglenoids: Single-celled shapeshifters
3172:How microscopic hunters get their lunch
2684:Protists according to how they get food
2047:from an ancient common ancestor. These
2005:relationships with plants and animals.
1527:that carry genetic information; (ii) a
14:
22636:
21818:Haq B.U. and Boersma A. (Eds.) (1998)
20061:
20002:
18949:"The oldest living thing in the world"
18946:
18783:Haq B.U. and Boersma A. (Eds.) (1998)
18606:Cambridge University Press, page235.
18510:
18170:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
17625:
17353:summarizes findings from many authors.
17259:"Predation, Herbivory, and Parasitism"
17061:
16743:
15844:
15819:
14640:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
14204:The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
14136:Neil A C, Reece J B, Simon E J (2004)
13716:Budd, Graham E; Jensen, Sören (2017).
12787:
12678:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
12109:
11911:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
11644:
11518:. Oxford: Academic Press. p. 28.
10675:
10601:
10523:
10007:Scientists' warning to humanity
9174:
9128:
8344:forms, that is, they can drift in the
8245:
7852:
7524:Suggested explanation for glowing seas
7006:Widespread among bacteria and archaea
6846:—and others that acquire them through
6174:Ernst Haeckel's radiolarian engravings
5794:estimating global oceanic production.
5630:
5473:Structure of a centric diatom frustule
5235:scum washed up on a rock in California
4149:
3555:(Other protists go through a phase as
2983:Single-celled and microscopic protists
982:Relative sizes of microscopic entities
21958:
21812:
21398:(2002). "Plant functional genomics".
21073:The Small and Mighty – Microbial Life
21019:
19200:10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120106
19065:Margulis, Lynn; Fester, René (1991).
18280:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025684
17858:
16950:International Journal of Astrobiology
15859:
15668:
14142:Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, Page 291.
12934:
12722:
11516:Desk Encyclopedia of General Virology
10920:
10818:
9999:is out of balance, and atmospheric CO
9876:A schematic conceptual framework for
9490:Methods of identifying microorganisms
8384:
7646:is recognisable by its U-shaped horns
5779:(as opposed to that fuelled by other
4753:and including many notable seaweeds.
4602:How cyanobacteria took over the world
4283:species that spend their lives in an
4247:are multicellular. Microscopic adult
3807:Paramecium: The White Rat of Ciliates
3029:Fossil diatom frustule from 32 to 40
2574:Where Did Eukaryotic Cells Come From?
2319:Archaea were initially classified as
1945:appear as polyhedral dark structures.
1059:. Some microbiologists also classify
839:. Some microbiologists also classify
22397:Microbiomes of the built environment
21933:Johnson MD and V. Moeller HV (2019)
21534:"The omics era and host microbiomes"
21076:NOAA: Ocean Exploration and Research
20872:Vitorino, L.C.; Bessa, L.A. (2018).
20674:University of Tennessee at Knoxville
20400:Gabbatiss, Josh (11 December 2018).
20374:Dockrill, Peter (11 December 2018).
20248:10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142805
20173:
20106:
18391:10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081028
18222:. Springer, Cham. pp. 731–763.
18059:10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060617
17595:Richard Collins (14 November 2016).
16751:"Interviews with Fellows: Ed Delong"
16640:
15727:
15598:Australian Journal of Earth Sciences
15545:. Academic Press. pp. 271–296.
15490:
13478:Madigan M, Martinko J, eds. (2005).
13371:
11955:
11586:
11541:
11532:
11087:
10856:
10492:
10182:Madigan M; Martinko J, eds. (2006).
10172:
10139:Microbiology of oxygen minimum zones
9298:was established based on studies of
8752:
8331:, an extinct genus of benthic forams
7784:
7356:and the Latin "flagellum" meaning a
6732:Several taxa of ciliates interacting
6423:, from diverse lineages such as the
6282:
6017:
5821:
4943:
4851:, a unicellular green alga with two
4796:
4765:and including many seaweeds such as
4692:
4389:
4279:, including the recently discovered
2565:between a prokaryote and a eukaryote
2020:. Unlike cells of animals and other
1218:
1154:
21532:Singh, R.P. and Kothari, R. (2017)
20755:
18659:
18421:"Protozoa Infecting Gills and Skin"
18034:"Mixotrophy in the marine plankton"
17963:
17896:
17737:
15972:Algae: an introduction to phycology
15114:
13943:Andrew Alverson (14 October 2022).
13759:"Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla"
12941:Dyall, Sabrina D.; Brown, Mark T.;
12463:
12253:Prangishvili D, Garrett RA (2004).
12091:Dockrill, Peter (25 January 2018).
11036:
10292:"The biomass distribution on Earth"
9716:
9409:Methods used to study phytoplankton
8952:Fluorescence microscopy of various
8336:Both foraminifera and diatoms have
6069:radiolarians have shells made from
5499:
5186:They come in many shapes and sizes.
4063:Marine fungi can be classified as:
3462:Protists according to how they move
2339:in samples from their environment.
2024:, bacterial cells do not contain a
1174:
1118:
24:
22585:Lines on the Antiquity of Microbes
21984:
21308:Kodzius, R.; Gojobori, T. (2015).
20810:Locey, K.J.; Lennon, J.T. (2016).
20517:
18632:. Academic Press. pp. 5–385.
18182:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04619.x
16668:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00900.x
16081:Pierre Madl; Maricela Yip (2004).
16004:Starckx, Senne (31 October 2012).
15849:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
15252:. earthlife.net. 14 February 2020.
15147:Plankton Dynamics of Indian Waters
13898:Moreira D, López-García P (2002).
13757:Cavalier-Smith T (December 1993).
10857:Choi, Charles Q. (17 March 2013).
9971:In marine environments, microbial
8926:affect abundance and diversity of
8582:
8484:, etc. that live on or inside it.
8210:
7295:
5459:There are over 100,000 species of
5339:They come in many shapes and sizes
5112:
4800:
3720:
3669:
2757:
2672:
2643:
1892:
1780:
1478:. Viruses can infect all types of
783:, which is invisibly small to the
25:
22680:
20518:Wu, Katherine J. (28 July 2020).
20508:, 14 December 2016, Maggie Romuld
19704:Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics
16932:University of Southern California
15914:Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2016).
15845:Allaby, M., ed. (1992). "Algae".
15698:10.1038/scientificamerican1203-52
14808:10.1371/journal.pone.0101523.s001
14139:Essential biology with physiology
12483:Van Etten JL (July–August 2011).
11210:Middelboe M, Brussaard C (2017).
9686:have allowed for the recovery of
9286:Bacterioplankton counting methods
9076:68.9 metres (226 feet) below the
9068:microorganisms which had been in
8787:Bacteria can be beneficial. This
8671:(POM) through the marine food web
8406:Main types of microbial symbioses
7725:Marine sediments and microfossils
7719:, a bioluminescent dinoflagellate
7368:which under right conditions can
7026:and the capacity to ingest prey.
6379:forams of various sizes from the
6317:Foraminiferal networks and growth
6263:...can have more than one nucleus
6181:
6107:Turing and radiolarian morphology
5613:off the southern coast of England
4071:fungi, including mastigomycetes:
3826:Bacterial flagellum rotated by a
3764:in order to move their flagella.
3689:. Amoeboid cells occur among the
2511:, a marine archaea that produces
2259:Archaea were initially viewed as
2250:
2177:layer, evidence suggesting their
2016:, bacteria are now classified as
1981:, and are present in most of its
1769:archaea, particularly the orders
1435:
22618:
22617:
22412:Microbial symbiosis and immunity
22050:
21939:, 2nd Edition, Frontiers Media.
21856:University of California Press.
21783:
21743:
21719:
21694:
21669:
21644:
21619:
21594:
21582:
21558:
21526:
21501:
21442:
21387:
21370:
21358:
21301:
21289:
21238:
21212:
21187:
21175:
21126:
21114:
21091:
21079:
20964:
20896:
20803:
20749:
20499:
20487:
20465:
20421:
20270:
20216:
20055:
19996:
19937:
19886:
19842:
19799:
19731:
19719:
19696:
19681:
19628:
19619:
19605:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01200.x
19576:
19527:
19515:
19479:
19444:
19396:
19329:
19168:
19046:
19031:
18971:
18940:
18919:
18900:
18832:
18817:
18799:
18723:
18600:Thomson, Charles Wyville (2014)
18594:
18535:
18504:
18443:
18413:
18327:
18302:
18259:
18244:
18211:
18196:
18161:
17852:
17797:
17783:
17682:
17607:
17588:
17529:
17494:
17465:
17449:
17376:
17106:
17029:
17002:
16937:
16922:
16756:American Academy of Microbiology
16691:
16521:
16504:
16483:
16442:
16391:
16366:
16315:
16268:
16251:
16180:
16165:
16140:
16109:
16074:
16052:10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.173
16031:
15962:
15882:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01222.x
15853:
15847:The Concise Dictionary of Botany
15746:
15662:
15589:
15559:
15515:
15444:
15393:
15366:
15315:
15256:
15217:
15183:
15161:"Species of Higher Marine Fungi"
15153:
15124:. 2010, vol.74, n.1, pp. 66-73.
15055:
14936:
14885:
14833:
14774:
14732:
14717:
14684:
14592:
14583:
14540:
14487:
14430:
14412:
14397:
14372:
14240:
14217:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x
13482:(11th ed.). Prentice Hall.
13429:Stoeckenius W (1 October 1981).
13171:"Candidatus Pelagibacter Ubique"
13084:Current Opinion in Plant Biology
12262:Biochemical Society Transactions
11355:South African Journal of Science
10410:
10216:South African Journal of Science
10055:
10041:
9537:
9525:
9513:
9501:
9469:
9453:
9437:
9365:
9348:
9238:
9231:using modern imaging techniques.
9222:
9156:
9135:
8780:
8771:in the High Rise portion of the
8761:
8746:Adapted from Simon et al., 2002.
8719:
8698:
8683:
8566:
8552:
8538:
8524:
8319:
8302:
8222:
8203:
8187:
8175:
8148:
8130:
8110:
8094:
8063:
8044:
8029:
8006:
7993:
7943:
7927:
7906:
7891:
7707:
7693:
7676:
7651:
7634:
7552:
7540:
7517:
7494:
7475:
7460:
7444:
7427:
7321:
7309:
7274:
7254:
7236:
7173:
7140:
7116:
7029:
6973:
6809:algal foam washing up on a beach
6798:
6777:
6737:
6717:
6701:
6683:
6667:
6641:
6626:
6610:
6594:
6575:
6557:
6538:
6516:
6495:
6387:
6368:
6356:
6338:
6326:
6311:
6299:
6268:
6256:
6204:
6195:
6168:
6156:
6125:
6120:Shell of a spherical radiolarian
6113:
6090:
6078:
6058:
6046:
6034:
5993:
5984:
5897:
5882:
5618:
5599:
5579:
5556:
5538:
5520:
5486:
5452:
5440:
5421:
5409:
5367:
5353:
5332:
5323:
5311:
5296:
5263:
5254:
5224:
5206:
5191:
5179:
5167:
5055:
4912:
4900:
4888:
4860:
4841:
4596:
4564:
4546:
4530:
4516:
4374:
4359:
4341:
4322:
4303:
4208:
4196:
4184:
4172:
3892:
3874:
3850:
3835:
3819:
3801:
3648:
3601:
3583:
3519:
3497:
3404:
3361:
3341:
3316:
3295:
3290:and reaches lengths of 5 mm
3273:
3224:
3205:
3190:
3178:
3166:
3153:or mouth is at the bottom right.
3138:
3115:
3097:
3083:
3068:
3051:
3037:
3022:
3002:
2987:
2916:
2904:
2876:
2839:
2781:
2726:
2568:
2549:
2519:
2499:
2482:
2467:
2452:
2190:
2158:
2137:
2119:
1985:. Bacteria inhabit soil, water,
1923:, a virulent bacterium found in
1864:. The largest known of these is
1808:
1615:
1606:
1598:
1263:
1242:
1221:
1178:
1157:
1121:
960:
937:
745:are defined by their habitat as
697:
696:
213:
153:
60:
48:Part of a series of overviews on
20228:Annual Review of Marine Science
19262:Current Opinion in Microbiology
18660:Ald, S.M.; et al. (2007).
18371:Annual Review of Marine Science
18268:Molecular Biology and Evolution
18038:Annual Review of Marine Science
17038:James Johnstone Memorial Volume
16528:DeLong, E.F.; Beja, O. (2010).
16147:Lalli, C.; Parsons, T. (1993).
15263:Silliman BR, Newell SY (2003).
14710:10.4067/S0717-97072008000100011
14283:Current Opinion in Cell Biology
14130:
14095:
14050:(23). Elsevier Ltd: 1849–1854.
13985:
13955:
13891:
13842:
13799:
13750:
13598:
13555:
13480:Brock Biology of Microorganisms
13471:
13422:
13365:
13350:
13294:
13272:
13221:
13193:
13163:
13075:
13040:
12997:
12892:Brown JR, Doolittle WF (1997).
12885:
12840:
12781:
12698:10.1128/AEM.70.7.4230-4241.2004
12665:
12616:
12556:
12457:
12418:
12361:
12246:
12165:Journal of Biological Chemistry
12110:Schoch CL, et al. (2020).
12103:
12084:
12066:
12014:
11898:
11854:Krupovic M, Bamford DH (2007).
11847:
11740:
11689:
11593:Wommack KE, Colwell RR (2000).
11317:Current Opinion in Microbiology
11203:
11160:
11109:
11037:Fox, Douglas (20 August 2014).
10971:
10727:
10712:
10595:
10517:
10250:Journal of General Microbiology
10184:Brock Biology of Microorganisms
10127:Sulfate-reducing microorganisms
8105:with a sprinkling of coccoliths
6451:from ingested algae to conduct
6412:
5970:
4822:. Another single-celled algae,
4799:, as well as the phytoplankton
4668:Originally, biologists thought
4489:all living things to carry out
4457:comes from organisms which use
4310:Over 10,000 marine species are
3904:
3815:Flagellate, ciliates and amoeba
3747:Among protozoans the parasitic
3265:Macroscopic protists (see also
2535:, survive well over 100 °C
850:. Taken together they form the
21882:Stal LJ and Cretoiu MS (2016)
21837:Processes in Microbial Ecology
21038:10.1128/MMBR.51.2.221-271.1987
19188:Annual review of plant biology
17868:Marine Ecology Progress Series
17462:. Retrieved: 18 November 2019.
17456:Foraminifera: History of Study
17432:Modern Planktonic Foraminifera
17257:Stevens, Alison N. P. (2010).
15946:Natural History Museum, London
15671:"The cells that rule the seas"
15573:. 30 July 2003. Archived from
14738:
14496:Reports on Progress in Physics
13775:10.1128/mmbr.57.4.953-994.1993
13529:Journal of Electron Microscopy
13286:, 8 April 1999, archived from
13061:10.1146/annurev.genet.33.1.351
12910:10.1128/mmbr.61.4.456-502.1997
12333:(3): 373–5, discussion 375–7.
11444:10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.009
10921:Oskin, Becky (14 March 2013).
10734:Robbins, Jim (13 April 2018).
10422:
10342:
9878:marine biogeochemical modeling
9817:Many omes beyond the original
9775:whose names end in the suffix
9628: – Wickerham card
9025:In 2018, researchers from the
8943:Deep biosphere and dark matter
7627:the phosphorescence of the sea
7571:Dinoflagellates often live in
7129:ciliates that retain plastids
5797:
1881:
1803:last universal common ancestor
1562:The origins of viruses in the
910:last universal common ancestor
13:
1:
22496:Synthetic microbial consortia
22361:Microbial oxidation of sulfur
22261:Host microbe interactions in
21246:BioMed Research International
21152:10.3390/microorganisms7050130
20781:10.1126/science.241.4872.1441
20451:10.1080/01490451.2019.1641770
19476:10.3390/microorganisms5040081
18628:. In Carmelo R. Tomas (ed.).
17523:10.1016/S0012-8252(99)00017-3
17478:Advances in Microbial Ecology
16817:10.1126/science.289.5486.1902
16721:10.1126/science.289.5486.1902
14549:Biodiversity and Conservation
14526:10.1088/0034-4885/72/9/096601
14463:10.1016/S0006-3495(93)81462-0
13919:10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02257-0
13447:10.1128/JB.148.1.352-360.1981
13104:10.1016/S1369-5266(99)00025-4
11611:10.1128/MMBR.64.1.69-114.2000
11329:10.1016/S1369-5274(03)00086-9
11088:Mack, Eric (20 August 2014).
10826:Aspen Global Change Institute
10165:
10122:Microbial oxidation of sulfur
9987:and in the process release CO
9975:contributes substantially to
8924:deep-sea hydrothermal viruses
8821:Sea ice microbial communities
8812:Sea ice microbial communities
8217:Thickness of marine sediments
6929:species are endosymbionts to
6763:
5091:. When conditions are right,
4146:era (390 million years ago).
4048:that depends on how abundant
3985:is produced by marine fungi.
3685:Found in every major protist
3196:How do protozoans get around?
2669:(lacking a common ancestor).
2540:
2404:; however, unlike plants and
2396:. Salt-tolerant archaea (the
586:Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt
22094:Microbial population biology
21335:10.1016/j.margen.2015.07.001
20939:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001177
20140:10.1371/journal.pone.0109696
19872:10.1016/j.seares.2006.01.002
19111:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002226
18907:Bob Yirka (29 August 2013).
18749:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001085
18569:10.1371/journal.pone.0198292
18517:Journal of Plankton Research
18348:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00676-1
18228:10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_19
18154:10.37543/oceanides.v27i1.111
18103:10.1016/j.protis.2016.01.003
17777:10.1016/j.seares.2004.01.008
17373:. Accessed: 2 November 2019.
17367:"Plankton - Animal plankton"
16934:, Press Room, 8 August 2019.
16547:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000359
16518:. Accessed: 2 November 2019.
16344:10.1126/science.268.5209.375
16301:10.1126/science.281.5374.237
16248:. Accessed: 2 November 2019.
15618:10.1080/08120099.2011.607849
15089:10.1371/journal.pone.0134377
14729:. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
13828:10.1016/0303-2647(92)90003-H
13584:10.1016/0303-2647(78)90023-0
11989:10.1371/journal.pone.0040418
11561:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030182
9193:continuous plankton recorder
9041:deep underground, including
9020:Subsurface life environments
8799:, has a protective cover of
8773:Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
8125:ooze on the deep ocean floor
6828:sources of energy and carbon
5151:. They form the base of the
3899:Amoeba with ingested diatoms
3741:, and non‐motile species of
2312:or any other membrane-bound
2076:, their lack of distinctive
1697:(scale bars indicate 100 nm)
1564:evolutionary history of life
1324:The range of sizes shown by
951:evidence. The image shows a
7:
21567:Frontiers in Marine Science
21554:10.1007/978-981-10-5050-3_1
21380:Special Issue: Marine Omics
21111:10.1007/978-3-319-93284-2_5
20064:Nature Reviews Microbiology
19765:Nature Reviews Microbiology
19691:NOAA National Ocean Service
18718:10.1016/j.algal.2012.06.002
18425:The Merck Veterinary Manual
18309:Castro P, Huber ME (2010).
18206:National Science Foundation
17476:. In Marshall, K.C. (ed.).
16242:"Plankton – Plant plankton"
15265:"Fungal farming in a snail"
14844:. In Raghukumar, C. (ed.).
14408:. Tree of Life web project.
13362:. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
13360:Online Etymology Dictionary
13316:Bang C, Schmitz RA (2015).
12212:Nature Reviews Microbiology
11395:10.1016/j.shpsc.2016.02.016
11169:Nature Reviews Microbiology
10678:Nature Reviews Microbiology
10583:European Science Foundation
10376:Nature Reviews Microbiology
10034:
9957:Human impact on marine life
9900:metatranscriptome sequences
9635: – BBL Crystal
9302:. However, developments in
8979:marine cryptic interactions
8823:(SIMCO) refer to groups of
8689:The secret Life of plankton
7841:
7818:Main types of biogenic ooze
7575:with other organisms. Many
6904:around the world. It has a
6587:
5565:Syracosphaera azureaplaneta
5431:, a diatom responsible for
4855:just visible at bottom left
4641:oxygen-intolerant organisms
4418:Evolution of photosynthesis
4314:, small, often microscopic
4267:(water bears). Some marine
1993:, and the deep portions of
1566:are unclear: some may have
1328:(bacteria and archaea) and
1313:European Science Foundation
923:
315:Photosynthetic picoplankton
10:
22685:
22356:Marine microbial symbiosis
22182:Kill the Winner hypothesis
22154:Bacteria collective motion
21834:Kirchman, David L. (2018)
21286:10.1186/s40168-020-00875-0
20572:10.1038/s41467-020-17330-1
19585:Environmental Microbiology
19363:10.1038/s41467-018-07275-x
17327:Limnology and Oceanography
17263:Nature Education Knowledge
16901:. Springer. pp. 3–4.
16493:, pages 99–125, Springer.
15820:Nabors, Murray W. (2004).
15734:Joe Palca (12 June 2008).
14613:10.1515/botm.1989.32.3.205
14437:Brady, Richard M. (1993).
14338:Limnology and Oceanography
14124:10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.04.005
13128:American Journal of Botany
12871:10.1080/106351501750435040
12394:10.1038/s41467-018-03168-1
11768:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2015.24
10092:Marine microbial symbiosis
10017:
9954:
9745:
9641:
9579:
9550:
9545:
9423:nuclear magnetic resonance
9255:
9214:Identifying microorganisms
9178:
9074:organically poor sediments
8960:
8809:
8669:particulate organic matter
8619:particulate organic matter
8599:
8415:marine microbial symbiosis
8412:
8388:
8257:
7917:from 40 million years ago
7752:
7349:
7337:Mixotrophic dinoflagellate
7334:
7284:(green) living inside the
7102:nonconstitutive mixotrophs
6818:Mixotrophic dinoflagellate
6815:
6550:Penard's Amoeba Collection
6415:). These have unicellular
6363:Group of planktonic forams
6016:are unicellular predatory
5659:
5650:(4) thus generating energy
5240:
5002:
4996:
4415:
4409:
4153:
3945:
3887:with cilia clearly visible
3491:
3408:
3336:, grows to 5 cm long.
3219:Ciliate ingesting a diatom
3145:This ciliate is digesting
2713:
2706:
2703:
2647:
2578:Journey to the Microcosmos
2274:
2227:in February 2013 that the
1948:
1885:
1515:(genome) made from either
1451:
1074:. Some microorganisms are
986:
284:Heterotrophic picoplankton
22613:
22550:
22504:
22392:Microbes in human culture
22384:
22308:
22272:
22162:
22112:
22059:
22048:
21992:
21850:Helmreich, Stefan (2009)
21840:Oxford University Press.
21467:10.1038/s41576-020-0244-x
21420:10.1007/s00114-002-0321-3
21105:, pages 55–72, Springer.
21097:Käse L, Geuer JK. (2018)
20719:10.1007/s00792-014-0664-7
20202:10.1016/j.dsr.2005.04.002
19950:Frontiers in Microbiology
19899:Frontiers in Microbiology
19739:Aquatic microbial ecology
19512:10.1186/s12864-018-5064-4
19441:10.1186/s40168-018-0428-1
19274:10.1016/j.mib.2017.07.001
19165:10.1128/mSystems.00028-16
18926:Ian Sample (2 May 2010).
18679:10.1080/10635150701494127
18515:on varying algal diets".
18480:10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.020
17976:Frontiers in Microbiology
17715:10.1007/s00442-006-0413-4
17632:Eiler A (December 2006).
17460:University College London
17365:Wassilieff, Maggy (2006)
17348:10.4319/lo.1997.42.4.0687
17227:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.043
16980:10.1017/S1473550418000423
16647:FEMS Microbiology Ecology
16510:Wassilieff, Maggy (2006)
16476:10.1007/s11434-012-5410-x
16404:Frontiers in Microbiology
16240:Wassilieff, Maggy (2006)
16151:. Butterworth-Heinemann.
15669:Nadis S (December 2003).
15190:Hawksworth, D.L. (2000).
14906:10.1007/s00248-007-9334-y
14854:10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5
14295:10.1016/j.ceb.2012.11.005
14173:10.1007/s10539-012-9354-y
14065:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.028
13631:10.1038/s41396-018-0340-5
13322:FEMS Microbiology Reviews
13049:Annual Review of Genetics
12435:10.1038/nature.2017.21798
10788:10.1038/s41396-017-0042-4
10388:10.1038/s41579-019-0222-5
10351:Accessed 29 October 2020.
10263:10.1099/00221287-17-2-239
9938:, pages 73–82. Springer.
9619:Electrokinetic separation
9488:
9468:
9452:
9436:
9431:
9070:quasi-suspended animation
9049:and eating rocks such as
9043:2.5 km (1.6 mi)
9039:4.8 km (3.0 mi)
8682:
8677:
8236:For further information,
7954:
7848:
7816:
7623:dinoflagellate luciferase
7605:Some dinoflagellates are
7410:The toxic dinoflagellate
7222:
7133:
7098:
7093:
7055:Dinoflagellate examples:
7015:
6964:
6951:
6948:
6938:
6475:Amoeba engulfing a diatom
6458:
6310:
6298:
6293:
6167:
6155:
6150:
5771:is the fraction of total
5485:
5480:
5119:, various other types of
4814:, a genus of subtropical
4595:
4590:
4412:Marine primary production
4207:
4195:
4183:
4171:
4166:
3800:
3795:
3776:collective behavior in a
3705:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3467:
3460:
3238:Amoeba engulfing a diatom
3189:
3177:
3165:
3160:
2932:, unicellular "collared"
2695:
2689:
2682:
2659:single-celled prokaryotes
2244:Thiomargarita namibiensis
2132:, largest known bacterium
2129:Thiomargarita namibiensis
2097:symbionts to form either
2041:scientific classification
1676:of different families of
1663:
1257:
1236:
1216:
1209:
1172:
1152:
1145:
1116:
1109:
757:of a sea or ocean or the
641:Marine primary production
22486:Human Microbiome Project
22197:Microbial biodegradation
21579:10.3389/fmars.2019.00623
21540:, pages 3–12, Springer.
21071:Collins, R. Eric (2019)
19963:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00219
19912:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00219
19416:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00176
19043:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01150
18805:Bruckner, Monica (2020)
18251:Anderson, O. R. (1983).
18220:Handbook of the Protists
17989:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01998
17405:10.1103/PhysRevE.60.4588
16455:Chinese Science Bulletin
16417:10.3389/fmicb.2018.03235
16259:"What are phytoplankton"
14379:Singleton, Paul (2006).
14161:Biology & Philosophy
12128:10.1093/database/baaa062
11544:"The Third Age of Phage"
10483:Accessed 20 January 2007
10432:, pages 3–20, Springer.
10082:Hawaii Ocean Time-series
10077:Deep chlorophyll maximum
9459:How to Identify Microbes
8937:horizontal gene transfer
8665:dissolved organic matter
8663:facilitates the flow of
8627:dissolved organic matter
8621:(POM) from migrating up
8396:Symbiosis and holobionts
8195:Carbonate–silicate cycle
8157:calcareous nannoplankton
8085:(shells) of single cell
7667:dinoflagellates, causes
7341:Predatory dinoflagellate
7328:Haeckel Peridinea (1904)
6771:Mixotrophic radiolarians
6678:1904 (click for details)
6491:Shelled and naked amoeba
6218:1904 (click for details)
6138:Computer simulations of
6007:1904 (click for details)
5864:, as well as planktonic
5277:1904 (click for details)
5111:. Phytoplankton include
4683:
4654:) marine cyanobacterium
4553:The tiny cyanobacterium
4351:Pliciloricus enigmaticus
4058:photosynthetic organisms
4056:and oxygen generated by
3762:electrochemical gradient
2947:been little research on
1997:. Bacteria also live in
1576:horizontal gene transfer
1404:eukaryote microorganisms
22659:Biological oceanography
22537:Microbiological culture
22532:Microbial DNA barcoding
22341:Antarctic microorganism
22089:Microbial phylogenetics
21714:10.1126/science.aan5712
21689:10.1126/science.aaf4507
21664:10.5194/bg-12-7025-2015
21614:10.1126/science.1261359
21455:Nature Reviews Genetics
21233:10.1126/science.1093857
21026:Microbiological Reviews
20977:Journal of Bacteriology
20837:10.1073/pnas.1521291113
20633:10.1073/pnas.0503404102
20431:Geomicrobiology Journal
19852:Journal of Sea Research
19716:10.5194/npg-24-293-2017
19657:10.1111/1462-2920.13257
19312:The American Naturalist
19006:10.1073/pnas.0706787104
18867:10.1126/science.aba6853
17930:10.1073/pnas.1212303109
17747:Journal of Sea Research
17563:10.1073/pnas.1512538112
16856:10.1093/database/bav080
16782:Bacteria with Batteries
15788:10.1073/pnas.1307701110
15344:10.1126/science.1111347
15290:10.1073/pnas.2535227100
14970:10.1073/pnas.1131855100
14846:Biology of marine fungi
14569:10.1023/A:1008823515157
14014:10.1126/science.2672337
13763:Microbiological Reviews
13435:Journal of Bacteriology
12967:10.1126/science.1094884
12815:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6735
12756:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576
12593:10.1126/science.aal4657
12327:The Biological Bulletin
11873:10.1186/1471-2164-8-236
11542:Mann NH (17 May 2005).
11138:10.1126/science.aaa7378
11005:10.1073/pnas.0712334105
10481:2002 WHO mortality data
10317:10.1073/pnas.1711842115
10029:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
9682:Recent developments in
9639: – Biolog
9314:sequences, for example
9304:molecular phylogenetics
9278:microbial DNA barcoding
9274:high throughput biology
9189:video plankton recorder
9027:Deep Carbon Observatory
8625:by recycling them into
8260:Seabed § Sediments
7741:. The blade is made of
7611:sparkle with blue light
7508:Lingulodinium polyedrum
7019:constitutive mixotrophs
6603:Oxytricha chlorelligera
6407:A number of forams are
6275:...and defensive spines
5737:Purple Earth hypothesis
5722:multicellular organisms
4481:and marine plants. The
4010:. They are composed of
2663:more complex eukaryotes
2614:phylum of the proposed
2308:, meaning they have no
2112:secondary endosymbiosis
2012:constituting the class
1927:and along coastal areas
1860:(NCLDV), together with
1838:supreme god of creation
1592:Bacteriophages (phages)
1470:only inside the living
819:, and animals, such as
662:Paradox of the plankton
631:Diel vertical migration
22522:Impedance microbiology
22263:Caenorhabditis elegans
22079:Microbial intelligence
22069:Microbial biogeography
21866:Munn, Colin B. (2019)
21521:10.1099/mic.0.034793-0
18529:10.1093/plankt/17.1.29
17691:Ochromonas tuberculata
17638:Appl Environ Microbiol
16609:10.1126/sciadv.aaw8855
16263:NASA Earth Observatory
15822:Introduction to Botany
15646:. NASA. Archived from
14195:FW, Taylor MF (2005).
13907:Trends in Microbiology
13867:10.1098/rspb.2005.3195
13685:10.1098/rspb.2017.0664
13141:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1481
12178:10.1074/jbc.R800078200
11467:"Viral mutation rates"
11280:10.1186/1745-6150-1-29
10246:"The concept of virus"
10097:Microbial biogeography
10014:
9968:
9923:
9922:ribosomal protein S14.
9882:
9743:
9426:
9396:
9210:
9095:
9061:
9022:
8958:
8911:biogeochemical cycling
8847:are located where the
8749:
8672:
8652:
8642:
8597:
8431:as an assemblage of a
8410:
8255:
8215:
7750:
6755:Blepharisma americanum
6691:Tintinnopsis campanula
6477:
6240:sediment particles or
5743:Redfield and f- ratios
5735:conjecture called the
5704:
5698:salt evaporation ponds
5657:
5654:adenosine triphosphate
5475:
5155:that drives the ocean
5069:
4994:
4979:
4832:known colloquially as
4571:NASA image of a large
4453:. However most marine
4407:
4289:secondary productivity
3943:
3921:
3916:on a rock in a marine
3725:
3674:
3267:unicellular macroalgae
2633:Parakaryon myojinensis
2558:Parakaryon myojinensis
2508:Methanosarcina barkeri
2272:
1946:
1928:
1911:
1840:
1821:
1713:bacteria and archaea.
1699:
1693:, viruses that infect
1681:
1449:
1383:
1363:, the process whereby
1344:
1336:
1308:
1011:Such organisms can be
984:
765:. A microorganism (or
509:Gelatinous zooplankton
160:Marine life portal
42:
22669:Marine microorganisms
22568:Microbial dark matter
22512:Dark-field microscopy
22316:Marine microorganisms
22192:Microbial cooperation
21766:Nature Climate Change
21728:Global Change Biology
21022:"Bacterial evolution"
20676:(25 September 2018).
20551:Nature Communications
20483:on 10 September 2019.
19850:Mid-Atlantic Ridge".
19808:Reviews of Geophysics
19342:Nature Communications
19299:10.1128/mBio.02099-15
18953:It's Okay to be Smart
18513:Noctiluca scintillans
17503:Earth-Science Reviews
17472:Finlay, B.J. (2013).
17288:. Springer. pp.
17284:Predatory Prokaryotes
17207:"Bacterial predators"
16641:Oren, Aharon (2002).
16214:10.5194/bg-6-779-2009
15571:Astrobiology Magazine
15379:. Walter de Gruyter.
15032:10.1038/ismej.2009.87
14751:10.1515/9783110264067
13541:10.1093/jmicro/dfs062
13335:10.1093/femsre/fuv010
12641:10.1128/mBio.02497-18
12470:All Things Considered
12374:Nature Communications
12118:(Database (Oxford)).
11823:10.1038/ismej.2013.67
10585:, Position Paper 17.
10430:The Marine Microbiome
10349:Census Of Marine Life
10102:Microbial communities
10009:
9964:
9951:Anthropogenic impacts
9888:
9870:
9746:Further information:
9724:
9637: – Vitek
9406:
9389:
9256:Further information:
9247:sequencing techniques
9200:
9106:microbial dark matter
9093:microbial dark matter
9090:
9059:
9018:
8971:microbial dark matter
8950:
8896:Chemolithoautotrophic
8739:
8658:
8648:
8635:
8600:Further information:
8590:
8447:of all bionts is the
8443:, while the combined
8413:Further information:
8403:
8253:
8214:
8053:white cliffs of Dover
7801:Challenger expedition
7771:Terrigenous sediments
7753:Further information:
7737:who lived during the
7732:
7716:Noctiluca scintillans
7621:bodies which contain
7303:Dinoflagellate shapes
7216:Noctiluca scintillans
7182:Noctiluca scintillans
6710:Blepharisma japonicum
6473:
6098:Cladococcus abietinus
5955:, a diverse range of
5692:
5638:
5546:Coccolithus pelagicus
5471:
5113:cyanobacteria (above)
5063:
5003:Further information:
4992:
4957:
4849:Chlamydomonas globosa
4537:Cyanobacteria from a
4397:
3960:Over 1500 species of
3927:
3912:
3724:
3673:
3451:. Other protists are
3307:is a large spherical
3061:Gephyrocapsa oceanica
2594:. Life originated as
2492:Haloquadratum walsbyi
2384:, such as sugars, to
2345:Haloquadratum walsbyi
2304:. These microbes are
2258:
1934:
1917:
1900:
1828:Largest known virus,
1827:
1816:
1687:
1671:
1622:Diagram of a typical
1443:
1425:Methanopyrus kandleri
1377:
1342:
1323:
1297:
980:
743:Marine microorganisms
132:Biogeochemical cycles
35:
22187:Microbial consortium
22084:Microbial metabolism
21778:10.1038/nclimate1989
19688:What is marine snow?
18829:, 10 September 2020.
17658:10.1128/AEM.01559-06
16093:(31). Archived from
16006:"A place in the sun"
15862:Journal of Phycology
15567:"The Rise of Oxygen"
15458:. 23 September 2013.
14660:10.1128/AEM.00653-09
14404:David J. Patterson.
14110:(23–24): 2401–2419.
14091:on 16 December 2008.
13372:Pace NR (May 2006).
12943:Johnson, Patricia J.
12464:Bichell, Rae Ellen.
11931:10.1128/AEM.06297-11
11483:10.1128/JVI.00694-10
10950:(15 December 2014).
10722:Smithsonian Magazine
10457:www.sciencedaily.com
10144:Oceanic carbon cycle
9896:Earth system science
9703:single-cell genomics
9684:molecular sequencing
9479:Meet the Microcosmos
9463:Meet the Microcosmos
9447:Meet the Microcosmos
8987:is that part of the
8167:, calpionellids and
7395:). Some species are
7289:Stichotricha secunda
7149:Dinophysis acuminata
7002:Gammaproteobacterial
6285:, with calcium tests
6189:Foraminiferan shapes
6162:Radiolarian geometry
6025:. These remains, as
5429:Guinardia delicatula
5066:Chaetoceros socialis
4950:Marine microplankton
4491:cellular respiration
3325:Spiculosiphon oceana
3058:Single-celled alga,
2791:protist as drawn by
2699:Some other examples
2095:alphaproteobacterial
2049:evolutionary domains
2035:. Although the term
1705:, often just called
1639:molecular techniques
1098:and trace elements.
848:biomass in the ocean
807:, viruses, and most
566:Cyanobacterial bloom
330:Marine microplankton
22290:Seagrass microbiome
21901:Marine Viruses 2016
21639:10.1038/nature16942
21412:2002NW.....89..235H
21400:Naturwissenschaften
21326:2015MarGn..24...21K
21258:10.1155/2012/251364
21207:10.1038/nature11550
20828:2016PNAS..113.5970L
20773:1988Sci...241.1441M
20767:(4872): 1441–1449.
20624:2005PNAS..10212471F
20618:(35): 12471–12476.
20564:2020NatCo..11.3626M
20443:2019GmbJ...36..859L
20301:2007Natur.445..369G
20240:2012ARMS....4..425B
20194:2005DSRI...52.1515O
20131:2014PLoSO...9j9696A
20076:10.1038/nrmicro1750
20025:10.1038/nature04160
20017:2005Natur.437..356S
19864:2006JSR....56...45K
19820:1993RvGeo..31..211L
19777:10.1038/nrmicro3522
19693:. Updated:06/25/18.
19649:2016EnvMi..18.1646G
19597:2007EnvMi...9..777W
19354:2018NatCo...9.4921P
19218:The New Phytologist
18997:2007PNAS..10414401J
18991:(36): 14401–14405.
18858:2020Sci...369.1383W
18852:(6509): 1383–1387.
18560:2018PLoSO..1398292W
18472:2012HAlga..14..156B
18383:2010ARMS....2..443H
18342:(1 Spec No): 5–11.
18050:2017ARMS....9..311S
17921:2012PNAS..10918000D
17915:(44): 18000–18005.
17880:1995MEPS..123..235S
17822:2000Natur.404..595D
17759:2005JSR....53...43S
17707:2006Oecol.148..692K
17650:2006ApEnM..72.7431E
17554:2015PNAS..11214783D
17548:(48): 14783–14787.
17515:1999ESRv...46..149B
17435:. Springer-Verlag.
17397:1999PhRvE..60.4588V
17339:1997LimOc..42..687H
17176:1979Natur.282..677E
17131:2013NatGe...6..279M
17084:10.1038/nature04159
17076:2005Natur.437..349A
17023:2006AAS...209.0605S
16972:2018arXiv181005150D
16809:2000Sci...289.1902B
16803:(5486): 1902–1906.
16713:2000Sci...289.1902B
16707:(5486): 1902–1906.
16659:2002FEMME..39....1O
16600:2019SciA....5.8855G
16512:"A coccolithophore"
16467:2012ChSBu..57.3836Z
16336:1995Sci...268..375T
16293:1998Sci...281..237F
16205:2009BGeo....6..779B
16118:Ophrydium versatile
15874:2012JPcgy..48.1057G
15779:2013PNAS..110.9824F
15690:2003SciAm.289f..52N
15678:Scientific American
15610:2012AuJES..59....1F
15527:, 25 November 2019.
15414:2010Natur.464..825F
15336:2005Sci...308.1017Y
15330:(5724): 1017–1020.
15281:2003PNAS..10015643S
15275:(26): 15643–15648.
15080:2015PLoSO..1034377P
14961:2003PNAS..100.6916K
14799:2014PLoSO...9j1523W
14652:2009ApEnM..75.6415L
14561:1998BiCon...7.1147H
14518:2009RPPh...72i6601L
14455:1993BpJ....64..961B
14443:Biophysical Journal
14350:2018LimOc..63.2877A
14116:2011DSRII..58.2401G
14056:2008CBio...18.1849M
14006:1989Sci...245.1054D
13820:1992BiSys..28....1C
13623:2019ISMEJ..13.1072F
13576:1978BiSys..10....3W
13390:2006Natur.441..289P
13374:"Time for a change"
13250:10.1038/nature11921
13242:2013Natur.494..357Z
13096:1999COPB....2..513M
12959:2004Sci...304..253D
12806:1994PNAS...91.6735S
12747:1990PNAS...87.4576W
12690:2004ApEnM..70.4230F
12635:(2): e02497-02418.
12584:2017Sci...356...82S
12501:10.1511/2011.91.304
12386:2018NatCo...9..749A
12224:10.1038/nrmicro1527
12044:10.1038/nature25474
12036:2018Natur.554..118K
11980:2012PLoSO...740418R
11923:2012ApEnM..78...28X
11815:2013ISMEJ...7.1738B
11756:Nature Microbiology
11710:1989Natur.340..467B
11667:10.1038/nature04160
11659:2005Natur.437..356S
11471:Journal of Virology
11181:10.1038/nrmicro1747
11130:2015Sci...348..865A
11057:2014Natur.512..244F
10996:2008PNAS..10510949T
10900:2013NatGe...6..284G
10833:on 2 September 2010
10780:2018ISMEJ..12.1154R
10690:10.1038/nrmicro1750
10624:10.1038/nature04160
10616:2005Natur.437..356S
10546:10.1038/nature04160
10538:2005Natur.437..356S
10308:2018PNAS..115.6506B
9850:metatranscriptomics
9804:functional genomics
9764:metatranscriptomics
9576:Inverted microscopy
9374:Marinomonas arctica
9357:Pelagibacter ubique
9290:Traditionally, the
9282:algae DNA barcoding
9175:Sampling techniques
9165:Microbial diversity
9129:Microbial diversity
8707:Pelagibacter ubique
8661:viral shunt pathway
8246:Marine microbenthos
7781:Biogenous sediments
7579:radiolarians house
7482:The dinoflagellate
7451:The dinoflagellate
7266:, a photosynthetic
6619:Stylonychia putrina
6523:Shell or test of a
6224:Like radiolarians,
5842:marine microanimals
5700:coloured purple by
5672:bacteriochlorophyll
5662:Microbial rhodopsin
5652:(5) in the form of
5631:Microbial rhodopsin
5530:have plates called
5513:seed carrying stone
5213:The cyanobacterium
4812:Mermaid's wineglass
4299:Marine microanimals
4150:Marine microanimals
4126:Littoraria irrorata
4109:, and an alga or a
3968:or animals, or are
3935:Littoraria irrorata
3884:Oxytricha trifallax
3610:Paramecium bursaria
3471:Movement mechanism
3382:biological kingdoms
2888:, a photosynthetic
2410:reproduce asexually
2210:Pelagibacter ubique
2200:Marinomonas arctica
2150:can contain lethal
2066:first forms of life
2028:and rarely harbour
1962:constitute a large
1903:Pelagibacter ubique
1709:, are viruses that
1371:in the deep ocean.
1001:, or microbe, is a
650:Ocean fertilization
571:Harmful algal bloom
489:Freshwater plankton
201:Part of a series on
22527:Microbial cytology
22491:Protein production
22326:Marine prokaryotes
22212:Microbial food web
22142:Protist locomotion
22120:Bacterial motility
22074:Microbial genetics
21813:General references
21020:Woese, CR (1987).
20524:The New York Times
18208:, 18 October 2011.
17889:10.3354/meps123235
15940:D. Thomas (2002).
15642:(September 2003).
14253:. Academic Press.
13722:Biological Reviews
13679:(1860): 20170664.
13290:on 20 January 2010
13209:. 16 February 2013
13181:on 1 December 2008
13018:10.1002/bies.20516
12849:Systematic Biology
12788:Schopf JW (1994).
12489:American Scientist
12274:10.1042/BST0320204
12080:. 25 January 2018.
10741:The New York Times
10724:, 11 January 2016.
10112:Microbial food web
10049:Marine life portal
9973:primary production
9969:
9924:
9916:ribosomal proteins
9883:
9837:on a large scale.
9744:
9591:Raman spectrometry
9427:
9397:
9211:
9096:
9082:South Pacific Gyre
9062:
9023:
9001:electron acceptors
8959:
8845:Hydrothermal vents
8801:symbiotic bacteria
8797:hydrothermal vents
8750:
8673:
8653:
8643:
8598:
8560:Seagrass holobiont
8487:However, there is
8411:
8391:Marine microbiomes
8385:Marine microbiomes
8256:
8216:
8137:Illustration of a
8089:(click to magnify)
8071:Diatomaceous earth
7751:
6966:Photoheterotrophic
6787:radiolarian hosts
6478:
5978:Radiolarian shapes
5773:primary production
5749:Alfred C. Redfield
5705:
5658:
5476:
5153:primary production
5070:
4995:
4980:
4869:Chlorella vulgaris
4825:Caulerpa taxifolia
4455:primary production
4443:hydrothermal vents
4408:
4129:damages plants of
3956:Evolution of fungi
3944:
3922:
3778:metachronal rhythm
3726:
3693:, but also in the
3675:
3622:, and some marine
3615:click to see cilia
3411:Protist locomotion
3280:The single-celled
3247:and are typically
2800:, and some marine
2354:metabolic pathways
2277:Marine prokaryotes
2273:
1987:acidic hot springs
1973:. Typically a few
1955:Bacterial motility
1947:
1929:
1912:
1888:Marine prokaryotes
1857:Nucleocytoviricota
1841:
1822:
1795:transferring genes
1700:
1682:
1578:, which increases
1553:optical microscope
1450:
1384:
1345:
1337:
989:Evolution of cells
985:
811:, as well as some
753:, that is, in the
751:marine environment
591:Great Calcite Belt
117:Primary production
43:
22631:
22630:
22402:Food microbiology
22295:Soil microbiology
22234:Microbial synergy
22202:Microbial ecology
21910:978-3-03842-621-9
21791:Nature Geoscience
21740:10.1111/gcb.12983
21201:(7415): 220–230.
20891:10.3390/d10020046
20822:(21): 5970–5975.
20011:(7057): 356–361.
19828:10.1029/93rg01280
19751:10.3354/ame028175
19637:Environ Microbiol
19231:10.1111/nph.13312
18639:978-0-08-053441-1
18141:CICIMAR Oceánides
17816:(6778): 595–598.
17804:DiTullio, G. R.;
17487:978-1-4684-7612-5
17442:978-3-540-96815-3
17385:Physical Review E
17307:978-3-540-38577-6
17170:(5740): 677–680.
17119:Nature Geoscience
16908:978-4-431-55516-2
16461:(30): 3836–3849.
16287:(5374): 237–240.
16097:on 8 October 2022
15955:978-0-565-09175-0
15920:www.algaebase.org
15831:978-0-8053-4416-5
15773:(24): 9824–9829.
15552:978-0-08-087782-2
15483:978-0-321-54325-7
15122:Gayana (Concepc.)
14955:(12): 6916–6921.
14894:Microbial Ecology
14863:978-3-642-23341-8
14760:978-3-11-026406-7
14390:978-0-470-03545-0
14358:10.1002/lno.11036
13973:on 4 October 2012
13963:"More on Diatoms"
13861:(1576): 2073–81.
13735:10.1111/brv.12239
13489:978-0-13-144329-7
13236:(7437): 357–360.
13135:(10): 1481–1493.
12953:(5668): 253–257.
12532:10.4161/cib.18624
12171:(19): 12599–603.
12112:"Autolykiviridae"
12030:(7690): 118–122.
11653:(7057): 356–361.
11525:978-0-12-375146-1
11124:(6237): 865–867.
11051:(7514): 244–246.
10887:Nature Geoscience
10591:978-2-918428-71-8
10302:(25): 6506–6511.
10197:978-0-321-73551-5
10188:Pearson Education
10186:(13th ed.).
10107:Microbial ecology
9808:-omics techniques
9752:environmental DNA
9736:contig generation
9711:microbial ecology
9680:
9679:
9626:Propriety methods
9623:Microfluidic chip
9595:Mass spectrometry
9547:Traditional media
9484:
9483:
9419:mass spectrometry
9266:Sanger sequencing
8753:Niche communities
8747:
8694:
8693:
8594:export production
8427:in her 1991 book
8425:Dr. Lynn Margulis
8240:
8059:
8058:
7846:
7839:name of skeleton
7263:Euglena mutabilis
7229:
7228:
7225:
7195:Most mixotrophic
7051:Prymnesium parvum
6955:Further examples
6892:was mixotrophic.
6842:, and those with
6748:
6727:
6650:Mesodinium rubrum
6471:
6396:Egyptian pyramids
6322:
6321:
6179:
6178:
6132:Shell micrographs
6071:strontium sulfate
5747:During the 1930s
5702:bacteriorhodopsin
5678:. Retinal is the
5611:Emiliania huxleyi
5592:Emiliania huxleyi
5497:
5496:
5149:silicoflagellates
5133:coccolithophorids
4990:
4872:, a common green
4607:
4606:
4423:Primary producers
4390:Primary producers
4219:
4218:
3812:
3811:
3755:
3754:
3645:
3616:
3572:
3545:silicoflagellates
3541:choanoflagellates
3421:generate movement
3233:
3214:
3201:
3200:
3132:endosymbiotically
2930:Choanoflagellates
2898:
2897:
2885:Euglena mutabilis
2628:transitional form
2620:Eocyte hypothesis
2612:Heimdallarchaeota
2563:transitional form
2532:Pyrolobus fumarii
2382:organic compounds
2008:Once regarded as
1991:radioactive waste
1920:Vibrio vulnificus
1799:genetic diversity
1658:natural selection
1584:natural selection
1580:genetic diversity
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1191:
1190:
1055:have microscopic
899:chemical elements
852:marine microbiome
835:have microscopic
785:unaided human eye
740:
739:
596:Milky seas effect
303:Nanophytoplankton
196:
195:
16:(Redirected from
22676:
22649:Marine organisms
22621:
22620:
22422:Human microbiome
22346:Coral microbiome
22280:Plant microbiome
22054:
21979:
21972:
21965:
21956:
21955:
21806:
21803:10.1038/ngeo1757
21787:
21781:
21762:
21753:
21747:
21723:
21717:
21698:
21692:
21673:
21667:
21648:
21642:
21623:
21617:
21598:
21592:
21586:
21562:
21556:
21530:
21524:
21505:
21499:
21498:
21488:
21478:
21446:
21440:
21439:
21391:
21385:
21384:
21374:
21368:
21362:
21357:
21347:
21337:
21305:
21299:
21293:
21267:
21261:
21242:
21236:
21216:
21210:
21191:
21185:
21179:
21174:
21164:
21154:
21130:
21124:
21118:
21095:
21089:
21083:
21082:
21069:
21060:
21059:
21049:
21017:
21011:
21010:
21000:
20968:
20962:
20961:
20951:
20941:
20932:(10): e1001177.
20917:
20906:
20900:
20895:
20893:
20869:
20860:
20859:
20849:
20839:
20807:
20801:
20800:
20753:
20747:
20746:
20701:
20695:
20694:
20692:
20690:
20670:
20664:
20663:
20653:
20635:
20603:
20594:
20593:
20583:
20541:
20535:
20534:
20532:
20530:
20515:
20509:
20503:
20497:
20491:
20485:
20484:
20469:
20463:
20462:
20425:
20419:
20418:
20416:
20414:
20397:
20391:
20390:
20388:
20386:
20371:
20365:
20364:
20362:
20360:
20343:
20337:
20336:
20294:
20274:
20268:
20267:
20220:
20214:
20213:
20188:(8): 1515–1527.
20177:
20171:
20170:
20160:
20142:
20110:
20104:
20103:
20059:
20053:
20052:
20000:
19994:
19993:
19983:
19965:
19941:
19935:
19934:
19924:
19914:
19890:
19884:
19883:
19846:
19840:
19839:
19803:
19797:
19796:
19760:
19754:
19735:
19729:
19723:
19700:
19694:
19685:
19679:
19678:
19668:
19643:(5): 1646–1653.
19632:
19626:
19623:
19617:
19616:
19580:
19574:
19573:
19555:
19531:
19525:
19519:
19495:
19489:
19483:
19460:
19454:
19448:
19425:
19419:
19400:
19394:
19393:
19383:
19365:
19333:
19327:
19308:
19302:
19283:
19277:
19258:
19252:
19251:
19233:
19224:(4): 1196–1206.
19209:
19203:
19184:
19178:
19172:
19148:
19142:
19141:
19131:
19113:
19089:
19083:
19082:
19062:
19056:
19050:
19035:
19029:
19028:
19018:
19008:
18975:
18969:
18968:
18966:
18964:
18955:. Archived from
18944:
18938:
18937:
18923:
18917:
18916:
18904:
18898:
18897:
18879:
18869:
18836:
18830:
18821:
18815:
18803:
18797:
18781:
18772:
18771:
18761:
18751:
18727:
18721:
18720:
18698:
18692:
18691:
18681:
18657:
18651:
18650:
18648:
18646:
18626:"Marine Diatoms"
18621:
18615:
18598:
18592:
18591:
18581:
18571:
18539:
18533:
18532:
18508:
18502:
18501:
18491:
18447:
18441:
18440:
18438:
18436:
18427:. Archived from
18417:
18411:
18410:
18366:
18360:
18359:
18331:
18325:
18324:
18306:
18300:
18299:
18274:(9): 1192–1197.
18263:
18257:
18256:
18248:
18242:
18241:
18215:
18209:
18200:
18194:
18193:
18165:
18159:
18158:
18156:
18135:Gómez F (2012).
18132:
18126:
18125:
18115:
18105:
18081:
18072:
18071:
18061:
18029:
18020:
18019:
18009:
17991:
17967:
17961:
17960:
17950:
17932:
17900:
17894:
17893:
17891:
17865:
17856:
17850:
17849:
17830:10.1038/35007061
17806:Grebmeier, J. M.
17801:
17795:
17794:
17787:
17781:
17780:
17770:
17741:
17735:
17734:
17686:
17680:
17679:
17669:
17629:
17623:
17622:
17621:. 2 August 2017.
17611:
17605:
17604:
17592:
17586:
17585:
17575:
17565:
17533:
17527:
17526:
17498:
17492:
17491:
17474:"Microaerophily"
17469:
17463:
17453:
17447:
17446:
17426:
17417:
17416:
17380:
17374:
17363:
17354:
17352:
17350:
17318:
17312:
17311:
17298:10.1007/7171_052
17287:
17277:
17271:
17270:
17254:
17248:
17247:
17229:
17211:
17202:
17196:
17195:
17184:10.1038/282677a0
17157:
17151:
17150:
17139:10.1038/ngeo1757
17110:
17104:
17103:
17070:(7057): 349–55.
17059:
17050:
17049:
17033:
17027:
17026:
17006:
17000:
16999:
16965:
16941:
16935:
16926:
16920:
16919:
16917:
16915:
16892:
16886:
16885:
16875:
16835:
16829:
16828:
16791:
16785:
16779:
16773:
16772:
16770:
16768:
16763:on 7 August 2016
16759:. Archived from
16747:
16741:
16740:
16695:
16689:
16688:
16670:
16638:
16632:
16631:
16621:
16611:
16588:Science Advances
16579:
16570:
16569:
16559:
16549:
16525:
16519:
16508:
16502:
16487:
16481:
16480:
16478:
16446:
16440:
16439:
16429:
16419:
16395:
16389:
16388:
16386:
16384:
16370:
16364:
16363:
16319:
16313:
16312:
16272:
16266:
16255:
16249:
16238:
16229:
16228:
16226:
16216:
16184:
16178:
16169:
16163:
16162:
16144:
16138:
16137:
16113:
16107:
16106:
16104:
16102:
16078:
16072:
16071:
16035:
16029:
16028:
16023:
16021:
16012:. Archived from
16001:
15995:
15994:
15966:
15960:
15959:
15937:
15931:
15930:
15928:
15926:
15911:
15902:
15901:
15857:
15851:
15850:
15842:
15836:
15835:
15817:
15811:
15810:
15800:
15790:
15750:
15744:
15743:
15731:
15725:
15724:
15722:
15720:
15715:on 19 April 2014
15714:
15708:. Archived from
15675:
15666:
15660:
15659:
15657:
15655:
15650:on 29 March 2012
15640:Rothschild, Lynn
15636:
15630:
15629:
15593:
15587:
15586:
15584:
15582:
15563:
15557:
15556:
15534:
15528:
15519:
15513:
15512:
15510:
15508:
15494:
15488:
15487:
15469:
15460:
15459:
15448:
15442:
15441:
15397:
15391:
15390:
15370:
15364:
15363:
15319:
15313:
15312:
15302:
15292:
15260:
15254:
15253:
15246:
15237:
15236:
15234:
15232:
15221:
15215:
15214:
15212:
15210:
15199:Fungal Diversity
15196:
15187:
15181:
15180:
15178:
15176:
15171:on 22 April 2013
15157:
15151:
15150:
15142:
15133:
15118:
15112:
15111:
15101:
15091:
15059:
15053:
15052:
15034:
15019:The ISME Journal
15010:
15001:
15000:
14990:
14972:
14940:
14934:
14933:
14889:
14883:
14882:
14880:
14878:
14837:
14831:
14830:
14820:
14810:
14778:
14772:
14771:
14769:
14767:
14736:
14730:
14721:
14715:
14714:
14712:
14703:(1): 1377–1378.
14688:
14682:
14681:
14671:
14631:
14625:
14624:
14596:
14590:
14587:
14581:
14580:
14555:(9): 1147–1161.
14544:
14538:
14537:
14511:
14491:
14485:
14484:
14474:
14434:
14428:
14427:
14426:on 10 June 2009.
14416:
14410:
14409:
14401:
14395:
14394:
14376:
14370:
14369:
14344:(6): 2877–2884.
14335:
14326:
14317:
14316:
14306:
14274:
14265:
14264:
14244:
14238:
14237:
14219:
14201:
14191:
14185:
14184:
14156:
14150:
14134:
14128:
14127:
14099:
14093:
14092:
14090:
14084:. Archived from
14067:
14041:
14032:
14026:
14025:
14000:(4922): 1054–8.
13989:
13983:
13982:
13980:
13978:
13969:. Archived from
13959:
13953:
13952:
13940:
13931:
13930:
13904:
13895:
13889:
13888:
13878:
13846:
13840:
13839:
13803:
13797:
13796:
13786:
13754:
13748:
13747:
13737:
13713:
13707:
13706:
13696:
13664:
13653:
13652:
13642:
13617:(4): 1072–1083.
13602:
13596:
13595:
13559:
13553:
13552:
13524:
13518:
13517:
13515:
13513:
13508:
13500:
13494:
13493:
13475:
13469:
13468:
13458:
13426:
13420:
13419:
13401:
13369:
13363:
13354:
13348:
13347:
13337:
13313:
13307:
13306:
13298:
13292:
13291:
13276:
13270:
13269:
13225:
13219:
13218:
13216:
13214:
13197:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13186:
13175:Bacteria Genomes
13167:
13161:
13160:
13122:
13116:
13115:
13079:
13073:
13072:
13044:
13038:
13037:
13001:
12995:
12994:
12938:
12932:
12931:
12921:
12889:
12883:
12882:
12864:
12844:
12838:
12837:
12827:
12817:
12785:
12779:
12778:
12768:
12758:
12726:
12720:
12719:
12709:
12669:
12663:
12662:
12652:
12620:
12614:
12613:
12595:
12569:
12560:
12554:
12553:
12543:
12511:
12505:
12504:
12480:
12474:
12473:
12461:
12455:
12454:
12422:
12416:
12415:
12405:
12365:
12359:
12358:
12322:
12316:
12315:
12313:
12311:
12300:
12294:
12293:
12259:
12250:
12244:
12243:
12207:
12201:
12200:
12190:
12180:
12156:
12150:
12149:
12139:
12107:
12101:
12100:
12088:
12082:
12081:
12070:
12064:
12063:
12018:
12012:
12011:
12001:
11991:
11959:
11953:
11952:
11942:
11902:
11896:
11895:
11885:
11875:
11851:
11845:
11844:
11834:
11803:The ISME Journal
11794:
11788:
11787:
11753:
11744:
11738:
11737:
11718:10.1038/340467a0
11693:
11687:
11686:
11642:
11633:
11632:
11622:
11590:
11584:
11583:
11573:
11563:
11539:
11530:
11529:
11511:
11505:
11504:
11494:
11462:
11456:
11455:
11423:
11417:
11416:
11406:
11374:
11363:
11362:
11350:
11341:
11340:
11312:
11303:
11302:
11292:
11282:
11258:
11252:
11251:
11241:
11231:
11229:10.3390/v9100302
11207:
11201:
11200:
11164:
11158:
11157:
11113:
11107:
11106:
11104:
11102:
11085:
11079:
11078:
11068:
11034:
11028:
11027:
11017:
11007:
10990:(31): 10949–54.
10975:
10969:
10968:
10966:
10964:
10948:Morelle, Rebecca
10944:
10938:
10937:
10935:
10933:
10918:
10912:
10911:
10908:10.1038/ngeo1773
10880:
10874:
10873:
10871:
10869:
10854:
10843:
10842:
10840:
10838:
10829:. Archived from
10816:
10810:
10809:
10799:
10774:(4): 1154–1162.
10759:
10753:
10752:
10750:
10748:
10731:
10725:
10716:
10710:
10709:
10673:
10662:
10659:
10653:
10650:
10644:
10643:
10599:
10593:
10575:
10566:
10565:
10521:
10515:
10514:
10512:
10510:
10496:(25 July 2016).
10490:
10484:
10478:
10469:
10468:
10466:
10464:
10449:
10440:
10426:
10420:
10414:
10409:
10399:
10367:
10352:
10346:
10340:
10339:
10329:
10319:
10287:
10276:
10275:
10265:
10244:Lwoff A (1956).
10241:
10232:
10231:
10211:
10202:
10201:
10190:. p. 1096.
10179:
10065:
10060:
10059:
10051:
10046:
10045:
10044:
9717:Using omics data
9630: –
9613: –
9608: –
9603: –
9598: –
9589: –
9584: –
9541:
9529:
9517:
9505:
9486:
9485:
9473:
9472:
9457:
9456:
9441:
9440:
9429:
9428:
9369:
9352:
9242:
9226:
9160:
9139:
9047:breathing sulfur
9044:
9040:
8888:giant tube worms
8784:
8765:
8745:
8723:
8702:
8687:
8686:
8675:
8674:
8570:
8556:
8546:Sponge holobiont
8542:
8528:
8362:extinction event
8323:
8306:
8291:intertidal zones
8283:seagrass meadows
8235:
8226:
8207:
8191:
8179:
8152:
8134:
8114:
8098:
8079:sedimentary rock
8067:
8048:
8033:
8010:
7997:
7947:
7931:
7910:
7895:
7844:
7814:
7813:
7809:pelagic sediment
7797:radiolarian ooze
7755:Marine sediments
7733:Stone dagger of
7711:
7697:
7680:
7655:
7638:
7556:
7544:
7521:
7498:
7484:Dinophysis acuta
7479:
7464:
7448:
7431:
7419:Myrionecta rubra
7413:Dinophysis acuta
7348:are part of the
7325:
7313:
7278:
7258:
7240:
7223:
7177:
7163:Myrionecta rubra
7144:
7120:
7033:
6977:
6969:bacterioplankton
6961:Bacterioplankton
6936:
6935:
6802:
6781:
6750:
6749:
6729:
6728:
6705:
6687:
6671:
6645:
6630:
6614:
6598:
6579:
6561:
6542:
6520:
6499:
6483:can be shelled (
6472:
6391:
6372:
6360:
6342:
6330:
6315:
6314:
6303:
6302:
6291:
6290:
6272:
6260:
6208:
6199:
6172:
6171:
6160:
6159:
6148:
6147:
6129:
6117:
6094:
6082:
6062:
6050:
6038:
5997:
5988:
5915:Many species of
5901:
5886:
5622:
5603:
5583:
5560:
5542:
5528:Coccolithophores
5524:
5505:Coccolithophores
5500:Coccolithophores
5490:
5489:
5478:
5477:
5456:
5444:
5425:
5413:
5402:half a mile deep
5371:
5357:
5336:
5327:
5315:
5300:
5267:
5258:
5228:
5210:
5195:
5183:
5171:
5034:ecological niche
5024:(from Greek for
5005:Bacterioplankton
4991:
4930:are the larger,
4916:
4904:
4892:
4864:
4845:
4830:invasive species
4803:. They are very
4618:colonial species
4600:
4599:
4588:
4587:
4568:
4550:
4534:
4402:and terrestrial
4378:
4363:
4345:
4326:
4307:
4212:
4211:
4200:
4199:
4188:
4187:
4176:
4175:
4164:
4163:
4077:chytridiomycetes
4046:vertical profile
4035:nutrient cycling
4024:bacterioplankton
3896:
3878:
3854:
3839:
3823:
3805:
3804:
3793:
3792:
3751:are non‐motile.
3739:coccolithophores
3709:
3652:
3643:
3614:
3605:
3587:
3554:
3523:
3501:
3488:
3468:Type of protist
3458:
3457:
3389:, multicellular
3365:
3345:
3328:, a unicellular
3320:
3304:Gromia sphaerica
3299:
3277:
3235:
3234:
3216:
3215:
3194:
3193:
3182:
3181:
3170:
3169:
3158:
3157:
3142:
3122:A single-celled
3119:
3101:
3087:
3072:
3055:
3041:
3026:
3006:
2991:
2920:
2908:
2880:
2843:
2785:
2730:
2690:Type of protist
2680:
2679:
2572:
2553:
2523:
2503:
2486:
2471:
2456:
2316:in their cells.
2234:, which attacks
2194:
2162:
2141:
2123:
1951:Bacterioplankton
1619:
1610:
1602:
1531:coat called the
1513:genetic material
1464:infectious agent
1357:recycling carbon
1316:
1267:
1246:
1225:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1182:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1125:
1112:
1111:
1102:
1101:
964:
941:
732:
725:
718:
705:
700:
699:
361:coccolithophores
298:Microzooplankton
257:Bacterioplankton
217:
198:
197:
188:
181:
174:
158:
157:
156:
64:
63:
45:
44:
21:
22684:
22683:
22679:
22678:
22677:
22675:
22674:
22673:
22634:
22633:
22632:
22627:
22609:
22546:
22500:
22380:
22331:Marine protists
22304:
22285:Root microbiome
22268:
22177:Biological pump
22158:
22108:
22055:
22046:
21988:
21983:
21950:Radiolarian art
21815:
21810:
21809:
21788:
21784:
21763:
21756:
21724:
21720:
21699:
21695:
21674:
21670:
21649:
21645:
21624:
21620:
21599:
21595:
21563:
21559:
21531:
21527:
21506:
21502:
21447:
21443:
21392:
21388:
21375:
21371:
21314:Marine Genomics
21306:
21302:
21268:
21264:
21243:
21239:
21227:(5667): 66–74.
21217:
21213:
21192:
21188:
21131:
21127:
21096:
21092:
21080:
21070:
21063:
21018:
21014:
20969:
20965:
20918:
20909:
20870:
20863:
20808:
20804:
20754:
20750:
20702:
20698:
20688:
20686:
20671:
20667:
20604:
20597:
20542:
20538:
20528:
20526:
20516:
20512:
20504:
20500:
20492:
20488:
20471:
20470:
20466:
20437:(10): 859–872.
20426:
20422:
20412:
20410:
20407:The Independent
20398:
20394:
20384:
20382:
20372:
20368:
20358:
20356:
20344:
20340:
20309:10.1038/445369a
20275:
20271:
20221:
20217:
20178:
20174:
20125:(10): e109696.
20111:
20107:
20070:(10): 801–812.
20060:
20056:
20001:
19997:
19942:
19938:
19891:
19887:
19847:
19843:
19804:
19800:
19771:(11): 677–690.
19761:
19757:
19736:
19732:
19701:
19697:
19686:
19682:
19633:
19629:
19624:
19620:
19581:
19577:
19553:10.2307/1313569
19546:(10): 781–788.
19532:
19528:
19496:
19492:
19461:
19457:
19426:
19422:
19401:
19397:
19334:
19330:
19318:(S4): S51-S62.
19309:
19305:
19284:
19280:
19259:
19255:
19210:
19206:
19185:
19181:
19149:
19145:
19104:(8): e1002226.
19090:
19086:
19079:
19063:
19059:
19036:
19032:
18976:
18972:
18962:
18960:
18959:on 13 July 2018
18945:
18941:
18924:
18920:
18905:
18901:
18837:
18833:
18822:
18818:
18804:
18800:
18782:
18775:
18742:(6): e1001085.
18728:
18724:
18699:
18695:
18658:
18654:
18644:
18642:
18640:
18622:
18618:
18599:
18595:
18554:(6): e0198292.
18540:
18536:
18509:
18505:
18448:
18444:
18434:
18432:
18431:on 3 March 2016
18419:
18418:
18414:
18367:
18363:
18332:
18328:
18321:
18307:
18303:
18264:
18260:
18249:
18245:
18238:
18216:
18212:
18201:
18197:
18166:
18162:
18133:
18129:
18082:
18075:
18030:
18023:
17968:
17964:
17901:
17897:
17863:
17857:
17853:
17802:
17798:
17789:
17788:
17784:
17768:10.1.1.319.9563
17742:
17738:
17687:
17683:
17630:
17626:
17613:
17612:
17608:
17593:
17589:
17534:
17530:
17499:
17495:
17488:
17470:
17466:
17454:
17450:
17443:
17427:
17420:
17381:
17377:
17364:
17357:
17319:
17315:
17308:
17278:
17274:
17255:
17251:
17209:
17203:
17199:
17158:
17154:
17111:
17107:
17060:
17053:
17034:
17030:
17007:
17003:
16942:
16938:
16927:
16923:
16913:
16911:
16909:
16893:
16889:
16836:
16832:
16792:
16788:
16780:
16776:
16766:
16764:
16749:
16748:
16744:
16696:
16692:
16639:
16635:
16594:(8): eaaw8855.
16580:
16573:
16540:(4): e1000359.
16526:
16522:
16509:
16505:
16488:
16484:
16447:
16443:
16396:
16392:
16382:
16380:
16372:
16371:
16367:
16330:(5209): 375–9.
16320:
16316:
16273:
16269:
16256:
16252:
16239:
16232:
16185:
16181:
16170:
16166:
16159:
16145:
16141:
16114:
16110:
16100:
16098:
16079:
16075:
16036:
16032:
16019:
16017:
16016:on 4 March 2016
16002:
15998:
15983:
15967:
15963:
15956:
15944:. Life Series.
15938:
15934:
15924:
15922:
15912:
15905:
15858:
15854:
15843:
15839:
15832:
15818:
15814:
15757:Prochlorococcus
15751:
15747:
15732:
15728:
15718:
15716:
15712:
15673:
15667:
15663:
15653:
15651:
15637:
15633:
15594:
15590:
15580:
15578:
15577:on 3 April 2015
15565:
15564:
15560:
15553:
15535:
15531:
15520:
15516:
15506:
15504:
15495:
15491:
15484:
15470:
15463:
15450:
15449:
15445:
15422:10.1038/464825b
15398:
15394:
15387:
15371:
15367:
15320:
15316:
15261:
15257:
15248:
15247:
15240:
15230:
15228:
15223:
15222:
15218:
15208:
15206:
15194:
15188:
15184:
15174:
15172:
15159:
15158:
15154:
15143:
15136:
15119:
15115:
15074:(7): e0134377.
15060:
15056:
15011:
15004:
14941:
14937:
14890:
14886:
14876:
14874:
14864:
14838:
14834:
14779:
14775:
14765:
14763:
14761:
14737:
14733:
14722:
14718:
14689:
14685:
14646:(20): 6415–21.
14632:
14628:
14601:Botanica Marina
14597:
14593:
14588:
14584:
14545:
14541:
14492:
14488:
14435:
14431:
14418:
14417:
14413:
14402:
14398:
14391:
14377:
14373:
14333:
14327:
14320:
14275:
14268:
14261:
14245:
14241:
14199:
14192:
14188:
14157:
14153:
14135:
14131:
14100:
14096:
14088:
14044:Current Biology
14039:
14033:
14029:
13990:
13986:
13976:
13974:
13961:
13960:
13956:
13941:
13934:
13902:
13896:
13892:
13847:
13843:
13804:
13800:
13755:
13751:
13714:
13710:
13665:
13656:
13603:
13599:
13560:
13556:
13525:
13521:
13511:
13509:
13506:
13502:
13501:
13497:
13490:
13476:
13472:
13427:
13423:
13399:10.1038/441289a
13370:
13366:
13355:
13351:
13314:
13310:
13300:
13299:
13295:
13278:
13277:
13273:
13226:
13222:
13212:
13210:
13199:
13198:
13194:
13184:
13182:
13169:
13168:
13164:
13123:
13119:
13080:
13076:
13045:
13041:
13002:
12998:
12939:
12935:
12890:
12886:
12862:10.1.1.321.8828
12845:
12841:
12800:(15): 6735–42.
12786:
12782:
12727:
12723:
12670:
12666:
12621:
12617:
12578:(6333): 82–85.
12567:
12561:
12557:
12512:
12508:
12485:"Giant Viruses"
12481:
12477:
12462:
12458:
12423:
12419:
12366:
12362:
12339:10.2307/1542973
12323:
12319:
12309:
12307:
12302:
12301:
12297:
12268:(Pt 2): 204–8.
12257:
12251:
12247:
12208:
12204:
12157:
12153:
12108:
12104:
12089:
12085:
12072:
12071:
12067:
12019:
12015:
11960:
11956:
11903:
11899:
11852:
11848:
11795:
11791:
11751:
11745:
11741:
11704:(6233): 467–8.
11694:
11690:
11643:
11636:
11591:
11587:
11540:
11533:
11526:
11512:
11508:
11477:(19): 9733–48.
11463:
11459:
11424:
11420:
11375:
11366:
11351:
11344:
11313:
11306:
11259:
11255:
11208:
11204:
11175:(10): 782–791.
11165:
11161:
11114:
11110:
11100:
11098:
11086:
11082:
11066:10.1038/512244a
11035:
11031:
10976:
10972:
10962:
10960:
10945:
10941:
10931:
10929:
10919:
10915:
10881:
10877:
10867:
10865:
10855:
10846:
10836:
10834:
10821:"The Biosphere"
10817:
10813:
10760:
10756:
10746:
10744:
10732:
10728:
10717:
10713:
10674:
10665:
10660:
10656:
10651:
10647:
10600:
10596:
10576:
10569:
10522:
10518:
10508:
10506:
10491:
10487:
10479:
10472:
10462:
10460:
10451:
10450:
10443:
10427:
10423:
10368:
10355:
10347:
10343:
10288:
10279:
10242:
10235:
10212:
10205:
10198:
10180:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10061:
10054:
10047:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10020:
10015:
10008:
10002:
9990:
9985:marine food web
9980:
9967:
9959:
9953:
9893:
9875:
9766:
9729:
9719:
9695:bacterial phyla
9673:
9669:
9665:
9661:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9645:
9638:
9636:
9634:
9629:
9627:
9625:
9621:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9562:
9558:
9554:
9548:
9534:
9522:
9510:
9498:
9491:
9470:
9454:
9438:
9432:External videos
9411:
9401:
9400:
9399:
9398:
9395:
9380:
9379:
9378:
9370:
9362:
9361:
9353:
9344:
9343:
9288:
9254:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9243:
9234:
9233:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9216:
9209:
9207:
9205:
9195:
9177:
9170:
9167:
9161:
9152:
9146:
9140:
9131:
9042:
9038:
9029:announced that
9021:
8997:electron donors
8981:
8957:
8945:
8849:tectonic plates
8818:
8808:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8804:
8785:
8777:
8776:
8766:
8755:
8748:
8744:
8732:
8731:
8724:
8715:
8703:
8684:
8678:External videos
8651:
8641:
8608:marine food web
8604:
8602:marine food web
8596:
8585:
8583:Marine food web
8578:
8577:
8571:
8562:
8557:
8548:
8543:
8534:
8532:Coral holobiont
8529:
8507:dinoflagellates
8469:and all of the
8437:ecological unit
8421:
8408:
8398:
8393:
8387:
8354:oxygen isotopes
8350:climate proxies
8332:
8324:
8315:
8307:
8270:
8248:
8241:
8234:
8232:
8227:
8218:
8208:
8197:
8192:
8183:
8180:
8171:
8153:
8144:
8135:
8126:
8115:
8106:
8099:
8090:
8068:
8025:coccolithophore
7982:
7978:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7964:
7956:Calcareous ooze
7880:
7876:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7862:
7843:
7833:
7828:
7819:
7785:marine protists
7765:
7735:Ötzi the Iceman
7727:
7720:
7712:
7703:
7698:
7689:
7681:
7672:
7656:
7647:
7643:Tripos muelleri
7639:
7569:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7549:
7548:
7545:
7536:
7535:
7534:Dinoflagellates
7529:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7499:
7486:
7480:
7471:
7465:
7456:
7453:Protoperidinium
7449:
7440:
7432:
7346:Dinoflagellates
7343:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7305:
7304:
7298:
7296:Dinoflagellates
7291:
7279:
7270:
7259:
7250:
7241:
7212:
7194:
7188:Metazooplankton
7160:
7054:
7048:
7005:
7000:
6993:
6982:Vibrio cholerae
6941:
6913:. As a result,
6820:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6803:
6795:
6794:
6782:
6773:
6772:
6766:
6759:
6751:
6738:
6733:
6730:
6718:
6713:
6706:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6688:
6680:
6679:
6672:
6663:
6662:
6654:
6646:
6637:
6631:
6622:
6615:
6606:
6599:
6590:
6583:
6580:
6571:
6562:
6553:
6543:
6534:
6521:
6512:
6500:
6476:
6463:
6461:
6441:dinoflagellates
6403:
6392:
6383:
6373:
6364:
6361:
6352:
6343:
6334:
6331:
6312:
6300:
6294:External videos
6289:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6252:
6251:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6201:
6200:
6191:
6190:
6184:
6169:
6157:
6151:External videos
6146:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6140:Turing patterns
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6109:
6108:
6100:
6095:
6086:
6083:
6074:
6063:
6054:
6051:
6042:
6039:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5990:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5973:
5945:dinoflagellates
5941:nanoflagellates
5911:
5902:
5893:
5887:
5838:dinoflagellates
5820:(single-celled
5800:
5745:
5733:astrobiological
5664:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5633:
5626:
5623:
5614:
5604:
5595:
5588:coccolithophore
5584:
5575:
5572:The Blue Planet
5569:
5561:
5552:
5543:
5534:
5525:
5502:
5487:
5481:External videos
5474:
5464:
5457:
5448:
5445:
5436:
5426:
5417:
5414:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5382:Diatoms have a
5379:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5349:
5348:
5340:
5337:
5328:
5319:
5316:
5307:
5301:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5260:
5259:
5250:
5249:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5220:
5216:Prochlorococcus
5211:
5202:
5196:
5187:
5184:
5175:
5172:
5125:dinoflagellates
5058:
5019:
5009:Ichthyoplankton
5001:
4999:Marine protists
4982:
4952:
4944:marine protists
4923:
4917:
4908:
4907:Dinoflagellates
4905:
4896:
4893:
4884:
4865:
4856:
4846:
4801:discussed below
4797:discussed above
4717:dinoflagellates
4686:
4657:Prochlorococcus
4645:dramatic change
4597:
4591:External videos
4586:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4569:
4561:
4560:
4556:Prochlorococcus
4551:
4543:
4542:
4535:
4526:
4525:
4519:
4420:
4414:
4392:
4385:
4379:
4370:
4364:
4355:
4346:
4337:
4330:Darkfield photo
4327:
4318:
4308:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4167:External videos
4162:
4160:Ichthyoplankton
4152:
3999:communities of
3995:members of the
3958:
3907:
3900:
3897:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3855:
3846:
3840:
3831:
3828:molecular motor
3824:
3802:
3796:External videos
3715:
3707:
3642:
3613:
3573:
3552:
3537:nanoflagellates
3533:dinoflagellates
3486:
3480:Other examples
3463:
3413:
3407:
3376:
3366:
3357:
3346:
3337:
3321:
3312:
3300:
3291:
3286:has up to 1000
3278:
3239:
3236:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3206:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3161:External videos
3154:
3143:
3134:
3120:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3088:
3079:
3077:dinoflagellates
3073:
3064:
3056:
3047:
3042:
3033:
3027:
3018:
3007:
2998:
2992:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2863:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2772:
2758:discussed below
2754:dinoflagellates
2717:
2711:
2685:
2675:
2673:By trophic mode
2652:
2650:Marine protists
2646:
2644:Marine protists
2584:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2543:
2536:
2524:
2515:
2504:
2495:
2487:
2478:
2472:
2463:
2457:
2289:) constitute a
2279:
2253:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2163:
2154:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2072:exist, such as
1957:
1895:
1893:Marine bacteria
1890:
1884:
1847:, often called
1811:
1783:
1781:Role of viruses
1775:Thermoproteales
1755:Autolykiviridae
1698:
1680:
1666:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1361:biological pump
1318:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1207:
1202:
1192:
1143:
1136:
1070:as they act as
1057:juvenile stages
991:
983:
975:
974:
973:
972:
971:
965:
957:
956:
942:
933:
932:
926:
862:as they act as
837:juvenile stages
736:
695:
688:
687:
686:
645:
621:CLAW hypothesis
610:
602:
601:
600:
550:
540:
539:
538:
519:Ichthyoplankton
503:
495:
494:
493:
484:
468:Marine plankton
463:
448:
440:
439:
438:
429:
420:
404:
384:
372:
366:dinoflagellates
357:
344:
336:
335:
334:
288:
278:
268:
267:
266:
242:
227:
192:
154:
152:
61:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
22682:
22672:
22671:
22666:
22664:Marine biology
22661:
22656:
22651:
22646:
22644:Microorganisms
22629:
22628:
22626:
22625:
22614:
22611:
22610:
22608:
22607:
22602:
22597:
22592:
22587:
22582:
22581:
22580:
22570:
22565:
22563:Deep biosphere
22560:
22558:Bioremediation
22554:
22552:
22548:
22547:
22545:
22544:
22539:
22534:
22529:
22524:
22519:
22517:DNA sequencing
22514:
22508:
22506:
22502:
22501:
22499:
22498:
22493:
22488:
22483:
22482:
22481:
22476:
22471:
22470:
22469:
22459:
22454:
22449:
22444:
22439:
22434:
22429:
22419:
22414:
22409:
22404:
22399:
22394:
22388:
22386:
22382:
22381:
22379:
22378:
22373:
22368:
22363:
22358:
22353:
22348:
22343:
22338:
22333:
22328:
22323:
22321:Marine viruses
22318:
22312:
22310:
22306:
22305:
22303:
22302:
22297:
22292:
22287:
22282:
22276:
22274:
22270:
22269:
22267:
22266:
22258:
22256:Quorum sensing
22253:
22252:
22251:
22246:
22236:
22231:
22226:
22225:
22224:
22219:
22217:microbial loop
22209:
22207:Microbial cyst
22204:
22199:
22194:
22189:
22184:
22179:
22174:
22168:
22166:
22160:
22159:
22157:
22156:
22151:
22150:
22149:
22139:
22138:
22137:
22132:
22127:
22125:run-and-tumble
22116:
22114:
22110:
22109:
22107:
22106:
22101:
22096:
22091:
22086:
22081:
22076:
22071:
22065:
22063:
22057:
22056:
22049:
22047:
22045:
22044:
22039:
22034:
22029:
22024:
22019:
22014:
22009:
22004:
21998:
21996:
21990:
21989:
21986:Microorganisms
21982:
21981:
21974:
21967:
21959:
21953:
21952:
21947:
21931:
21915:
21896:
21880:
21864:
21848:
21832:
21814:
21811:
21808:
21807:
21782:
21754:
21718:
21693:
21668:
21652:Biogeosciences
21643:
21618:
21593:
21557:
21525:
21515:(2): 287–301.
21500:
21461:(9): 526–540.
21441:
21406:(6): 235–249.
21386:
21369:
21300:
21270:Berg, Gabriele
21262:
21237:
21211:
21186:
21139:Microorganisms
21125:
21090:
21061:
21012:
20989:10.2172/205047
20963:
20907:
20861:
20802:
20748:
20713:(5): 865–875.
20696:
20665:
20595:
20558:(3626): 3626.
20536:
20510:
20498:
20486:
20477:deepcarbon.net
20464:
20420:
20392:
20366:
20338:
20269:
20234:(1): 425–448.
20224:Breitbart, Mya
20215:
20172:
20105:
20054:
19995:
19936:
19885:
19841:
19798:
19755:
19730:
19710:(2): 293–305.
19695:
19680:
19627:
19618:
19591:(3): 777–788.
19575:
19526:
19490:
19464:Microorganisms
19455:
19420:
19395:
19328:
19324:10.1086/378684
19303:
19278:
19253:
19204:
19179:
19143:
19084:
19077:
19057:
19030:
18970:
18939:
18918:
18899:
18831:
18816:
18798:
18773:
18722:
18712:(2): 120–133,
18705:Algal Research
18693:
18672:(4): 684–689.
18652:
18638:
18616:
18593:
18534:
18503:
18442:
18412:
18361:
18326:
18320:978-0071113021
18319:
18311:Marine Biology
18301:
18258:
18243:
18236:
18210:
18195:
18176:(4): 397–401.
18160:
18127:
18073:
18021:
17962:
17895:
17851:
17796:
17782:
17753:(1–2): 43–66.
17736:
17701:(4): 692–701.
17681:
17644:(12): 7431–7.
17624:
17606:
17601:Irish Examiner
17587:
17528:
17509:(1): 149–165.
17493:
17486:
17464:
17448:
17441:
17418:
17391:(4): 4588–92.
17375:
17355:
17333:(4): 687–704.
17313:
17306:
17272:
17249:
17220:(2): R55–R56.
17197:
17152:
17125:(4): 279–283.
17105:
17051:
17028:
17001:
16956:(3): 241–250.
16936:
16921:
16907:
16887:
16830:
16786:
16774:
16742:
16690:
16633:
16571:
16520:
16503:
16482:
16441:
16390:
16365:
16314:
16267:
16250:
16230:
16199:(5): 779–794.
16193:Biogeosciences
16179:
16177:, 28 May 2009.
16164:
16157:
16139:
16108:
16073:
16030:
16010:Flanders Today
15996:
15981:
15961:
15954:
15932:
15903:
15868:(5): 1057–63.
15852:
15837:
15830:
15812:
15745:
15726:
15661:
15631:
15588:
15558:
15551:
15529:
15514:
15489:
15482:
15461:
15443:
15392:
15385:
15365:
15314:
15255:
15238:
15216:
15182:
15152:
15134:
15113:
15054:
15025:(1): 111–120.
15002:
14935:
14900:(1): 168–177.
14884:
14862:
14832:
14793:(7): e101523.
14773:
14759:
14731:
14716:
14683:
14626:
14607:(3): 205–218.
14591:
14582:
14539:
14486:
14449:(4): 961–973.
14429:
14411:
14396:
14389:
14371:
14318:
14289:(1): 134–141.
14266:
14259:
14239:
14210:(5): 399–451.
14186:
14167:(2): 299–330.
14151:
14129:
14094:
14027:
13984:
13954:
13932:
13890:
13841:
13798:
13749:
13728:(1): 446–473.
13708:
13654:
13597:
13554:
13535:(6): 423–431.
13519:
13495:
13488:
13470:
13421:
13364:
13349:
13308:
13293:
13271:
13220:
13192:
13162:
13117:
13074:
13039:
12996:
12933:
12904:(4): 456–502.
12884:
12839:
12780:
12741:(12): 4576–9.
12721:
12684:(7): 4230–41.
12664:
12615:
12555:
12506:
12495:(4): 304–311.
12475:
12456:
12417:
12360:
12317:
12295:
12245:
12218:(11): 837–48.
12202:
12151:
12102:
12083:
12065:
12013:
11954:
11897:
11846:
11809:(9): 1738–51.
11789:
11739:
11688:
11634:
11585:
11554:(5): 753–755.
11531:
11524:
11506:
11457:
11432:Virus Research
11418:
11364:
11342:
11304:
11267:Biology Direct
11253:
11202:
11159:
11108:
11080:
11029:
10970:
10939:
10913:
10894:(4): 284–288.
10875:
10844:
10819:Staff (2014).
10811:
10754:
10726:
10711:
10684:(10): 801–12.
10663:
10654:
10645:
10610:(9): 356–361.
10594:
10567:
10532:(9): 356–361.
10516:
10503:New York Times
10494:Wade, Nicholas
10485:
10470:
10441:
10421:
10382:(9): 569–586.
10353:
10341:
10277:
10233:
10203:
10196:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10130:
10129:
10119:
10117:Microbial loop
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10068:
10067:
10066:
10052:
10036:
10033:
10019:
10016:
10006:
10005:
10000:
9988:
9978:
9965:
9952:
9949:
9948:
9947:
9889:
9871:
9854:metaproteomics
9732:DNA sequencing
9725:
9718:
9715:
9678:
9677:
9655:PCR sequencing
9647:Real-time qPCR
9640:
9578:
9549:
9546:
9543:
9542:
9530:
9518:
9506:
9493:
9492:
9489:
9482:
9481:
9466:
9465:
9450:
9449:
9434:
9433:
9415:chromatography
9407:
9390:
9382:
9381:
9371:
9364:
9363:
9354:
9347:
9346:
9345:
9341:
9340:
9339:
9338:
9262:flow cytometry
9244:
9237:
9236:
9235:
9228:
9221:
9220:
9219:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9201:
9176:
9173:
9172:
9171:
9163:
9162:
9155:
9153:
9142:
9141:
9134:
9130:
9127:
9019:
8985:deep biosphere
8967:rare biosphere
8963:deep biosphere
8951:
8944:
8941:
8884:chemosynthesis
8876:microbial mats
8825:microorganisms
8795:found only at
8786:
8779:
8778:
8767:
8760:
8759:
8758:
8757:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8740:
8734:
8733:
8726:
8725:
8718:
8716:
8704:
8697:
8692:
8691:
8680:
8679:
8649:
8639:microbial loop
8636:
8623:trophic levels
8591:
8584:
8581:
8580:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8565:
8563:
8558:
8551:
8549:
8544:
8537:
8535:
8530:
8523:
8504:photosynthetic
8404:
8397:
8394:
8389:Main article:
8386:
8383:
8375:Actinomycetota
8334:
8333:
8325:
8318:
8316:
8308:
8301:
8247:
8244:
8243:
8242:
8228:
8221:
8219:
8209:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8193:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8174:
8172:
8154:
8147:
8145:
8136:
8129:
8127:
8116:
8109:
8107:
8100:
8093:
8091:
8069:
8062:
8057:
8056:
8049:
8042:
8039:
8034:
8027:
8021:
8020:
8011:
8004:
8001:
8000:test or shell
7998:
7991:
7986:
7962:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7948:
7941:
7938:
7932:
7925:
7919:
7918:
7911:
7904:
7901:
7896:
7889:
7884:
7860:
7856:
7854:Siliceous ooze
7850:
7849:
7847:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7763:protist shells
7726:
7723:
7722:
7721:
7713:
7706:
7704:
7699:
7692:
7690:
7685:Karenia brevis
7682:
7675:
7673:
7669:velvet disease
7657:
7650:
7648:
7640:
7633:
7607:bioluminescent
7592:carbon dioxide
7581:dinoflagellate
7564:
7563:
7558:
7551:
7550:
7546:
7539:
7538:
7537:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7530:
7523:
7516:
7515:
7514:
7500:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7487:
7481:
7474:
7472:
7466:
7459:
7457:
7450:
7443:
7441:
7433:
7426:
7385:photosynthetic
7327:
7320:
7319:
7315:
7308:
7307:
7306:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7293:
7292:
7280:
7273:
7271:
7260:
7253:
7251:
7242:
7235:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7220:
7219:
7185:
7178:
7171:
7167:
7166:
7152:
7145:
7138:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7123:
7121:
7114:
7111:
7107:
7106:
7097:
7091:
7090:
7040:
7034:
7027:
7014:
7008:
7007:
6985:
6978:
6971:
6963:
6957:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6946:General types
6943:
6942:
6939:
6933:radiolarians.
6834:at one end to
6804:
6797:
6796:
6783:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6752:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6716:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6689:
6682:
6681:
6673:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6661:Ciliate shapes
6660:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6647:
6640:
6638:
6632:
6625:
6623:
6616:
6609:
6607:
6600:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6574:
6572:
6564:Naked amoeba,
6563:
6556:
6554:
6544:
6537:
6535:
6525:testate amoeba
6522:
6515:
6513:
6503:Testate amoeba
6501:
6494:
6492:
6474:
6460:
6457:
6453:photosynthesis
6405:
6404:
6393:
6386:
6384:
6374:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6355:
6353:
6348:Ammonia tepida
6344:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6308:
6307:
6305:foraminiferans
6296:
6295:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6267:
6266:
6262:
6255:
6254:
6253:
6250:Foraminiferans
6249:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6226:foraminiferans
6213:
6212:
6203:
6202:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:Foraminiferans
6180:
6177:
6176:
6165:
6164:
6153:
6152:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6077:
6075:
6064:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6033:
6023:ocean sediment
6002:
6001:
5992:
5991:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5913:
5912:
5903:
5896:
5894:
5888:
5881:
5830:foraminiferans
5826:zooflagellates
5799:
5796:
5754:Redfield ratio
5744:
5741:
5660:Main article:
5639:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5625:Extinct fossil
5624:
5617:
5615:
5605:
5598:
5596:
5585:
5578:
5576:
5562:
5555:
5553:
5544:
5537:
5535:
5526:
5519:
5501:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5483:
5482:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5439:
5437:
5427:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5408:
5381:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5365:
5359:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5331:
5329:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5310:
5308:
5302:
5295:
5272:
5271:
5262:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5221:
5212:
5205:
5203:
5197:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5166:
5164:
5057:
5054:
4951:
4948:
4925:
4924:
4918:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4899:
4897:
4895:Centric diatom
4894:
4887:
4885:
4866:
4859:
4857:
4847:
4840:
4685:
4682:
4650:The tiny (0.6
4605:
4604:
4593:
4592:
4570:
4563:
4562:
4552:
4545:
4544:
4536:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4463:carbon dioxide
4459:photosynthesis
4451:chemosynthesis
4410:Main article:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4380:
4373:
4371:
4365:
4358:
4356:
4347:
4340:
4338:
4328:
4321:
4319:
4309:
4302:
4300:
4217:
4216:
4205:
4204:
4193:
4192:
4181:
4180:
4169:
4168:
4151:
4148:
4111:cyanobacterium
4096:
4095:
4092:basidiomycetes
4080:
4031:mineralization
3906:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3891:
3889:
3880:
3873:
3871:
3862:, a predatory
3856:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3834:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3798:
3797:
3753:
3752:
3732:
3727:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3683:
3676:
3667:
3653:
3646:
3636:
3635:
3620:Foraminiferans
3617:
3606:
3599:
3588:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3565:foraminiferans
3553:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3409:Main article:
3406:
3403:
3378:
3377:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3347:
3340:
3338:
3322:
3315:
3313:
3309:testate amoeba
3301:
3294:
3292:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3187:
3186:
3175:
3174:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3144:
3137:
3135:
3130:living inside
3121:
3114:
3112:
3103:
3096:
3094:
3089:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3067:
3065:
3057:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3036:
3034:
3028:
3021:
3019:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2986:
2984:
2928:
2927:
2923:cell schematic
2922:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2881:
2874:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2853:Marine lichen
2851:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2798:Foraminiferans
2795:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2739:
2731:
2724:
2718:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2674:
2671:
2648:Main article:
2645:
2642:
2624:Thermoproteota
2555:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2525:
2518:
2516:
2505:
2498:
2496:
2488:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2451:
2445:Thermoproteota
2441:nitrogen cycle
2414:binary fission
2374:cell membranes
2302:microorganisms
2252:
2251:Marine archaea
2249:
2206:
2205:
2197:The bacterium
2196:
2189:
2187:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2143:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2118:
2103:hydrogenosomes
2030:membrane-bound
1971:microorganisms
1894:
1891:
1886:Main article:
1883:
1880:
1836:, the Guarani
1832:, named after
1810:
1807:
1782:
1779:
1737:Corticoviridae
1703:Bacteriophages
1688:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1630:
1629:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1492:microorganisms
1454:Marine viruses
1452:Main article:
1444:
1437:
1436:Marine viruses
1434:
1416:Mariana Trench
1398:. The mass of
1353:bacteriophages
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1100:
1080:photosynthesis
995:marine biomass
981:
966:
959:
958:
953:cyanobacterial
945:Microbial mats
943:
936:
935:
934:
931:microbial mats
930:
929:
928:
927:
925:
922:
912:(LUCA) of all
868:photosynthesis
856:global cycling
759:brackish water
747:microorganisms
738:
737:
735:
734:
727:
720:
712:
709:
708:
707:
706:
690:
689:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
658:
657:
646:
644:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
612:
611:
609:Related topics
608:
607:
604:
603:
599:
598:
593:
588:
583:
581:Eutrophication
578:
573:
568:
563:
561:Critical depth
558:
552:
551:
546:
545:
542:
541:
537:
536:
531:
529:Pseudoplankton
526:
521:
516:
511:
505:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
492:
491:
485:
483:
482:
481:
480:
475:
464:
462:
461:
456:
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
437:
436:
430:
428:
427:
421:
419:
418:
417:
416:
405:
403:
402:
401:
400:
395:
390:
388:foraminiferans
385:
373:
371:
370:
369:
368:
363:
358:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
337:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
311:
310:
300:
295:
289:
287:
286:
280:
279:
274:
273:
270:
269:
265:
264:
259:
254:
249:
243:
241:
240:
235:
229:
228:
223:
222:
219:
218:
210:
209:
203:
202:
194:
193:
191:
190:
183:
176:
168:
165:
164:
163:
162:
147:
146:
145:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
77:Microorganisms
74:
66:
65:
57:
56:
50:
49:
36:
26:
18:Ocean microbes
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22681:
22670:
22667:
22665:
22662:
22660:
22657:
22655:
22652:
22650:
22647:
22645:
22642:
22641:
22639:
22624:
22616:
22615:
22612:
22606:
22603:
22601:
22598:
22596:
22593:
22591:
22588:
22586:
22583:
22579:
22576:
22575:
22574:
22571:
22569:
22566:
22564:
22561:
22559:
22556:
22555:
22553:
22549:
22543:
22540:
22538:
22535:
22533:
22530:
22528:
22525:
22523:
22520:
22518:
22515:
22513:
22510:
22509:
22507:
22503:
22497:
22494:
22492:
22489:
22487:
22484:
22480:
22477:
22475:
22472:
22468:
22465:
22464:
22463:
22460:
22458:
22455:
22453:
22450:
22448:
22445:
22443:
22440:
22438:
22435:
22433:
22430:
22428:
22425:
22424:
22423:
22420:
22418:
22415:
22413:
22410:
22408:
22407:Microbial oil
22405:
22403:
22400:
22398:
22395:
22393:
22390:
22389:
22387:
22385:Human related
22383:
22377:
22374:
22372:
22371:Picoeukaryote
22369:
22367:
22364:
22362:
22359:
22357:
22354:
22352:
22349:
22347:
22344:
22342:
22339:
22337:
22334:
22332:
22329:
22327:
22324:
22322:
22319:
22317:
22314:
22313:
22311:
22307:
22301:
22298:
22296:
22293:
22291:
22288:
22286:
22283:
22281:
22278:
22277:
22275:
22271:
22265:
22264:
22259:
22257:
22254:
22250:
22247:
22245:
22242:
22241:
22240:
22237:
22235:
22232:
22230:
22229:Microbial mat
22227:
22223:
22220:
22218:
22215:
22214:
22213:
22210:
22208:
22205:
22203:
22200:
22198:
22195:
22193:
22190:
22188:
22185:
22183:
22180:
22178:
22175:
22173:
22170:
22169:
22167:
22165:
22161:
22155:
22152:
22148:
22145:
22144:
22143:
22140:
22136:
22133:
22131:
22128:
22126:
22123:
22122:
22121:
22118:
22117:
22115:
22111:
22105:
22102:
22100:
22097:
22095:
22092:
22090:
22087:
22085:
22082:
22080:
22077:
22075:
22072:
22070:
22067:
22066:
22064:
22062:
22058:
22053:
22043:
22040:
22038:
22035:
22033:
22030:
22028:
22025:
22023:
22022:Nanobacterium
22020:
22018:
22015:
22013:
22012:Cyanobacteria
22010:
22008:
22005:
22003:
22000:
21999:
21997:
21995:
21991:
21987:
21980:
21975:
21973:
21968:
21966:
21961:
21960:
21957:
21951:
21948:
21946:
21945:9782889631483
21942:
21938:
21937:
21932:
21930:
21929:9784431551300
21926:
21922:
21921:
21916:
21914:
21911:
21907:
21903:
21902:
21897:
21895:
21894:9783319330006
21891:
21887:
21886:
21881:
21879:
21878:9780429592362
21875:
21871:
21870:
21865:
21863:
21862:9780520942608
21859:
21855:
21854:
21849:
21847:
21846:9780192506474
21843:
21839:
21838:
21833:
21831:
21830:9780080534961
21827:
21823:
21822:
21817:
21816:
21804:
21800:
21796:
21792:
21786:
21779:
21775:
21771:
21767:
21761:
21759:
21751:
21746:
21741:
21737:
21733:
21729:
21722:
21715:
21711:
21708:: 1149–1154.
21707:
21703:
21697:
21690:
21686:
21683:: 1272–1277.
21682:
21678:
21672:
21665:
21661:
21657:
21653:
21647:
21640:
21636:
21632:
21628:
21622:
21615:
21611:
21607:
21603:
21597:
21590:
21585:
21580:
21576:
21572:
21568:
21561:
21555:
21551:
21547:
21546:9789811050503
21543:
21539:
21535:
21529:
21522:
21518:
21514:
21510:
21504:
21496:
21492:
21487:
21482:
21477:
21472:
21468:
21464:
21460:
21456:
21452:
21445:
21437:
21433:
21429:
21425:
21421:
21417:
21413:
21409:
21405:
21401:
21397:
21390:
21382:
21381:
21373:
21366:
21361:
21355:
21351:
21346:
21341:
21336:
21331:
21327:
21323:
21319:
21315:
21311:
21304:
21297:
21292:
21287:
21283:
21280:(103): 1–22.
21279:
21275:
21271:
21266:
21259:
21255:
21251:
21247:
21241:
21234:
21230:
21226:
21222:
21215:
21208:
21204:
21200:
21196:
21190:
21183:
21178:
21172:
21168:
21163:
21158:
21153:
21148:
21144:
21140:
21136:
21129:
21122:
21117:
21112:
21108:
21104:
21100:
21094:
21087:
21086:public domain
21077:
21074:
21068:
21066:
21057:
21053:
21048:
21043:
21039:
21035:
21032:(2): 221–71.
21031:
21027:
21023:
21016:
21008:
21004:
20999:
20994:
20990:
20986:
20982:
20978:
20974:
20967:
20959:
20955:
20950:
20945:
20940:
20935:
20931:
20927:
20923:
20916:
20914:
20912:
20904:
20899:
20892:
20887:
20883:
20879:
20875:
20868:
20866:
20857:
20853:
20848:
20843:
20838:
20833:
20829:
20825:
20821:
20817:
20813:
20806:
20798:
20794:
20790:
20786:
20782:
20778:
20774:
20770:
20766:
20762:
20758:
20752:
20744:
20740:
20736:
20732:
20728:
20724:
20720:
20716:
20712:
20708:
20707:Extremophiles
20700:
20685:
20684:
20679:
20675:
20669:
20661:
20657:
20652:
20647:
20643:
20639:
20634:
20629:
20625:
20621:
20617:
20613:
20609:
20602:
20600:
20591:
20587:
20582:
20577:
20573:
20569:
20565:
20561:
20557:
20553:
20552:
20547:
20540:
20525:
20521:
20514:
20507:
20502:
20495:
20490:
20482:
20478:
20474:
20468:
20460:
20456:
20452:
20448:
20444:
20440:
20436:
20432:
20424:
20409:
20408:
20403:
20396:
20381:
20380:Science Alert
20377:
20370:
20355:
20354:
20349:
20342:
20334:
20330:
20326:
20322:
20318:
20314:
20310:
20306:
20302:
20298:
20293:
20292:q-bio/0702015
20288:
20285:(7126): 369.
20284:
20280:
20273:
20265:
20261:
20257:
20253:
20249:
20245:
20241:
20237:
20233:
20229:
20225:
20219:
20211:
20207:
20203:
20199:
20195:
20191:
20187:
20183:
20176:
20168:
20164:
20159:
20154:
20150:
20146:
20141:
20136:
20132:
20128:
20124:
20120:
20116:
20109:
20101:
20097:
20093:
20089:
20085:
20081:
20077:
20073:
20069:
20065:
20058:
20050:
20046:
20042:
20038:
20034:
20030:
20026:
20022:
20018:
20014:
20010:
20006:
19999:
19991:
19987:
19982:
19977:
19973:
19969:
19964:
19959:
19955:
19951:
19947:
19940:
19932:
19928:
19923:
19918:
19913:
19908:
19904:
19900:
19896:
19889:
19881:
19877:
19873:
19869:
19865:
19861:
19857:
19853:
19845:
19837:
19833:
19829:
19825:
19821:
19817:
19813:
19809:
19802:
19794:
19790:
19786:
19782:
19778:
19774:
19770:
19766:
19759:
19752:
19748:
19744:
19740:
19734:
19727:
19722:
19717:
19713:
19709:
19705:
19699:
19692:
19689:
19684:
19676:
19672:
19667:
19662:
19658:
19654:
19650:
19646:
19642:
19638:
19631:
19622:
19614:
19610:
19606:
19602:
19598:
19594:
19590:
19586:
19579:
19571:
19567:
19563:
19559:
19554:
19549:
19545:
19541:
19537:
19530:
19523:
19518:
19513:
19509:
19505:
19501:
19494:
19487:
19482:
19477:
19473:
19469:
19465:
19459:
19452:
19447:
19442:
19438:
19434:
19430:
19424:
19417:
19413:
19409:
19405:
19399:
19391:
19387:
19382:
19377:
19373:
19369:
19364:
19359:
19355:
19351:
19347:
19343:
19339:
19332:
19325:
19321:
19317:
19313:
19307:
19300:
19296:
19292:
19288:
19282:
19275:
19271:
19267:
19263:
19257:
19249:
19245:
19241:
19237:
19232:
19227:
19223:
19219:
19215:
19208:
19201:
19197:
19193:
19189:
19183:
19176:
19171:
19166:
19162:
19158:
19154:
19147:
19139:
19135:
19130:
19125:
19121:
19117:
19112:
19107:
19103:
19099:
19095:
19088:
19080:
19078:9780262132695
19074:
19071:. MIT Press.
19070:
19069:
19061:
19054:
19049:
19044:
19040:
19034:
19026:
19022:
19017:
19012:
19007:
19002:
18998:
18994:
18990:
18986:
18982:
18974:
18958:
18954:
18950:
18943:
18935:
18934:
18929:
18922:
18914:
18910:
18903:
18895:
18891:
18887:
18883:
18878:
18877:11577/3351324
18873:
18868:
18863:
18859:
18855:
18851:
18847:
18843:
18835:
18828:
18825:
18820:
18813:
18812:
18808:
18802:
18796:
18795:9780080534961
18792:
18788:
18787:
18780:
18778:
18769:
18765:
18760:
18755:
18750:
18745:
18741:
18737:
18733:
18726:
18719:
18715:
18711:
18707:
18706:
18697:
18689:
18685:
18680:
18675:
18671:
18667:
18663:
18656:
18641:
18635:
18631:
18627:
18620:
18613:
18612:9781108074759
18609:
18605:
18604:
18597:
18589:
18585:
18580:
18575:
18570:
18565:
18561:
18557:
18553:
18549:
18545:
18538:
18530:
18526:
18522:
18518:
18514:
18507:
18499:
18495:
18490:
18485:
18481:
18477:
18473:
18469:
18465:
18461:
18460:Harmful Algae
18457:
18455:
18446:
18430:
18426:
18422:
18416:
18408:
18404:
18400:
18396:
18392:
18388:
18384:
18380:
18376:
18372:
18365:
18357:
18353:
18349:
18345:
18341:
18337:
18330:
18322:
18316:
18312:
18305:
18297:
18293:
18289:
18285:
18281:
18277:
18273:
18269:
18262:
18254:
18247:
18239:
18237:9783319281476
18233:
18229:
18225:
18221:
18214:
18207:
18204:
18199:
18191:
18187:
18183:
18179:
18175:
18171:
18164:
18155:
18150:
18147:(1): 65–140.
18146:
18142:
18138:
18131:
18123:
18119:
18114:
18109:
18104:
18099:
18096:(2): 106–20.
18095:
18091:
18087:
18080:
18078:
18069:
18065:
18060:
18055:
18051:
18047:
18043:
18039:
18035:
18028:
18026:
18017:
18013:
18008:
18003:
17999:
17995:
17990:
17985:
17981:
17977:
17973:
17966:
17958:
17954:
17949:
17944:
17940:
17936:
17931:
17926:
17922:
17918:
17914:
17910:
17906:
17899:
17890:
17885:
17881:
17877:
17873:
17869:
17862:
17855:
17847:
17843:
17839:
17835:
17831:
17827:
17823:
17819:
17815:
17811:
17807:
17800:
17792:
17786:
17778:
17774:
17769:
17764:
17760:
17756:
17752:
17748:
17740:
17732:
17728:
17724:
17720:
17716:
17712:
17708:
17704:
17700:
17696:
17692:
17685:
17677:
17673:
17668:
17663:
17659:
17655:
17651:
17647:
17643:
17639:
17635:
17628:
17620:
17616:
17610:
17602:
17598:
17591:
17583:
17579:
17574:
17569:
17564:
17559:
17555:
17551:
17547:
17543:
17539:
17532:
17524:
17520:
17516:
17512:
17508:
17504:
17497:
17489:
17483:
17479:
17475:
17468:
17461:
17457:
17452:
17444:
17438:
17434:
17433:
17425:
17423:
17414:
17410:
17406:
17402:
17398:
17394:
17390:
17386:
17379:
17372:
17368:
17362:
17360:
17349:
17344:
17340:
17336:
17332:
17328:
17324:
17317:
17309:
17303:
17299:
17295:
17291:
17286:
17285:
17276:
17268:
17264:
17260:
17253:
17245:
17241:
17237:
17233:
17228:
17223:
17219:
17215:
17208:
17201:
17193:
17189:
17185:
17181:
17177:
17173:
17169:
17165:
17164:
17156:
17148:
17144:
17140:
17136:
17132:
17128:
17124:
17120:
17116:
17109:
17101:
17097:
17093:
17089:
17085:
17081:
17077:
17073:
17069:
17065:
17058:
17056:
17047:
17043:
17039:
17032:
17024:
17020:
17016:
17012:
17005:
16997:
16993:
16989:
16985:
16981:
16977:
16973:
16969:
16964:
16959:
16955:
16951:
16947:
16940:
16933:
16930:
16925:
16910:
16904:
16900:
16899:
16891:
16883:
16879:
16874:
16869:
16865:
16861:
16857:
16853:
16849:
16845:
16841:
16834:
16826:
16822:
16818:
16814:
16810:
16806:
16802:
16798:
16790:
16783:
16778:
16762:
16758:
16757:
16752:
16746:
16738:
16734:
16730:
16726:
16722:
16718:
16714:
16710:
16706:
16702:
16694:
16686:
16682:
16678:
16674:
16669:
16664:
16660:
16656:
16652:
16648:
16644:
16637:
16629:
16625:
16620:
16615:
16610:
16605:
16601:
16597:
16593:
16589:
16585:
16578:
16576:
16567:
16563:
16558:
16553:
16548:
16543:
16539:
16535:
16531:
16524:
16517:
16513:
16507:
16500:
16499:9783662062784
16496:
16492:
16486:
16477:
16472:
16468:
16464:
16460:
16456:
16452:
16445:
16437:
16433:
16428:
16423:
16418:
16413:
16409:
16405:
16401:
16394:
16379:
16378:www.kcl.ac.uk
16375:
16369:
16361:
16357:
16353:
16349:
16345:
16341:
16337:
16333:
16329:
16325:
16318:
16310:
16306:
16302:
16298:
16294:
16290:
16286:
16282:
16278:
16271:
16264:
16260:
16254:
16247:
16243:
16237:
16235:
16225:
16220:
16215:
16210:
16206:
16202:
16198:
16194:
16190:
16183:
16176:
16173:
16168:
16160:
16158:0-7506-3384-0
16154:
16150:
16143:
16135:
16131:
16127:
16123:
16119:
16112:
16096:
16092:
16088:
16084:
16077:
16069:
16065:
16061:
16057:
16053:
16049:
16045:
16041:
16034:
16027:
16015:
16011:
16007:
16000:
15992:
15988:
15984:
15982:9780521316873
15978:
15974:
15973:
15965:
15957:
15951:
15947:
15943:
15936:
15921:
15917:
15910:
15908:
15899:
15895:
15891:
15887:
15883:
15879:
15875:
15871:
15867:
15863:
15856:
15848:
15841:
15833:
15827:
15823:
15816:
15808:
15804:
15799:
15794:
15789:
15784:
15780:
15776:
15772:
15768:
15764:
15762:
15761:Synechococcus
15758:
15749:
15741:
15737:
15730:
15711:
15707:
15703:
15699:
15695:
15691:
15687:
15683:
15679:
15672:
15665:
15649:
15645:
15641:
15635:
15627:
15623:
15619:
15615:
15611:
15607:
15603:
15599:
15592:
15576:
15572:
15568:
15562:
15554:
15548:
15544:
15540:
15533:
15526:
15523:
15518:
15502:
15501:
15493:
15485:
15479:
15475:
15468:
15466:
15457:
15453:
15447:
15439:
15435:
15431:
15427:
15423:
15419:
15415:
15411:
15408:(7290): 825.
15407:
15403:
15396:
15388:
15386:9783110264067
15382:
15378:
15377:
15369:
15361:
15357:
15353:
15349:
15345:
15341:
15337:
15333:
15329:
15325:
15318:
15310:
15306:
15301:
15296:
15291:
15286:
15282:
15278:
15274:
15270:
15266:
15259:
15251:
15245:
15243:
15226:
15220:
15204:
15200:
15193:
15186:
15170:
15166:
15162:
15156:
15148:
15141:
15139:
15131:
15127:
15123:
15117:
15109:
15105:
15100:
15095:
15090:
15085:
15081:
15077:
15073:
15069:
15065:
15058:
15050:
15046:
15042:
15038:
15033:
15028:
15024:
15020:
15016:
15009:
15007:
14998:
14994:
14989:
14984:
14980:
14976:
14971:
14966:
14962:
14958:
14954:
14950:
14946:
14939:
14931:
14927:
14923:
14919:
14915:
14911:
14907:
14903:
14899:
14895:
14888:
14873:
14869:
14865:
14859:
14855:
14851:
14847:
14843:
14836:
14828:
14824:
14819:
14814:
14809:
14804:
14800:
14796:
14792:
14788:
14784:
14777:
14762:
14756:
14752:
14748:
14744:
14743:
14735:
14728:
14727:
14720:
14711:
14706:
14702:
14698:
14694:
14687:
14679:
14675:
14670:
14665:
14661:
14657:
14653:
14649:
14645:
14641:
14637:
14630:
14622:
14618:
14614:
14610:
14606:
14602:
14595:
14586:
14578:
14574:
14570:
14566:
14562:
14558:
14554:
14550:
14543:
14535:
14531:
14527:
14523:
14519:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14502:(9): 096601.
14501:
14497:
14490:
14482:
14478:
14473:
14468:
14464:
14460:
14456:
14452:
14448:
14444:
14440:
14433:
14425:
14421:
14420:"The Amoebae"
14415:
14407:
14400:
14392:
14386:
14382:
14375:
14367:
14363:
14359:
14355:
14351:
14347:
14343:
14339:
14332:
14325:
14323:
14314:
14310:
14305:
14300:
14296:
14292:
14288:
14284:
14280:
14273:
14271:
14262:
14260:9780080920146
14256:
14252:
14251:
14243:
14235:
14231:
14227:
14223:
14218:
14213:
14209:
14205:
14198:
14190:
14182:
14178:
14174:
14170:
14166:
14162:
14155:
14149:
14148:9780805375039
14145:
14141:
14140:
14133:
14125:
14121:
14117:
14113:
14109:
14105:
14098:
14087:
14083:
14079:
14075:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14057:
14053:
14049:
14045:
14038:
14031:
14023:
14019:
14015:
14011:
14007:
14003:
13999:
13995:
13988:
13972:
13968:
13964:
13958:
13950:
13946:
13939:
13937:
13928:
13924:
13920:
13916:
13912:
13908:
13901:
13894:
13886:
13882:
13877:
13872:
13868:
13864:
13860:
13856:
13852:
13845:
13837:
13833:
13829:
13825:
13821:
13817:
13814:(1–3): 1–14.
13813:
13809:
13802:
13794:
13790:
13785:
13780:
13776:
13772:
13769:(4): 953–94.
13768:
13764:
13760:
13753:
13745:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13727:
13723:
13719:
13712:
13704:
13700:
13695:
13690:
13686:
13682:
13678:
13674:
13670:
13663:
13661:
13659:
13650:
13646:
13641:
13636:
13632:
13628:
13624:
13620:
13616:
13612:
13608:
13601:
13593:
13589:
13585:
13581:
13577:
13573:
13570:(1–2): 3–18.
13569:
13565:
13558:
13550:
13546:
13542:
13538:
13534:
13530:
13523:
13505:
13499:
13491:
13485:
13481:
13474:
13466:
13462:
13457:
13452:
13448:
13444:
13441:(1): 352–60.
13440:
13436:
13432:
13425:
13417:
13413:
13409:
13405:
13400:
13395:
13391:
13387:
13384:(7091): 289.
13383:
13379:
13375:
13368:
13361:
13358:
13353:
13345:
13341:
13336:
13331:
13328:(5): 631–48.
13327:
13323:
13319:
13312:
13305:
13304:
13297:
13289:
13285:
13281:
13275:
13267:
13263:
13259:
13255:
13251:
13247:
13243:
13239:
13235:
13231:
13224:
13208:
13207:
13206:The Economist
13202:
13196:
13180:
13176:
13172:
13166:
13158:
13154:
13150:
13146:
13142:
13138:
13134:
13130:
13129:
13121:
13113:
13109:
13105:
13101:
13097:
13093:
13089:
13085:
13078:
13070:
13066:
13062:
13058:
13054:
13050:
13043:
13035:
13031:
13027:
13023:
13019:
13015:
13011:
13007:
13000:
12992:
12988:
12984:
12980:
12976:
12972:
12968:
12964:
12960:
12956:
12952:
12948:
12944:
12937:
12929:
12925:
12920:
12915:
12911:
12907:
12903:
12899:
12895:
12888:
12880:
12876:
12872:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12854:
12850:
12843:
12835:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12811:
12807:
12803:
12799:
12795:
12791:
12784:
12776:
12772:
12767:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12748:
12744:
12740:
12736:
12732:
12725:
12717:
12713:
12708:
12703:
12699:
12695:
12691:
12687:
12683:
12679:
12675:
12668:
12660:
12656:
12651:
12646:
12642:
12638:
12634:
12630:
12626:
12619:
12611:
12607:
12603:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12585:
12581:
12577:
12573:
12566:
12559:
12551:
12547:
12542:
12537:
12533:
12529:
12525:
12521:
12517:
12510:
12502:
12498:
12494:
12490:
12486:
12479:
12471:
12467:
12460:
12452:
12448:
12444:
12440:
12436:
12432:
12428:
12421:
12413:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12395:
12391:
12387:
12383:
12379:
12375:
12371:
12364:
12356:
12352:
12348:
12344:
12340:
12336:
12332:
12328:
12321:
12306:. www.cdc.gov
12305:
12299:
12291:
12287:
12283:
12279:
12275:
12271:
12267:
12263:
12256:
12249:
12241:
12237:
12233:
12229:
12225:
12221:
12217:
12213:
12206:
12198:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12170:
12166:
12162:
12155:
12147:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12129:
12125:
12121:
12117:
12113:
12106:
12098:
12094:
12087:
12079:
12075:
12069:
12061:
12057:
12053:
12049:
12045:
12041:
12037:
12033:
12029:
12025:
12017:
12009:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11985:
11981:
11977:
11974:(7): e40418.
11973:
11969:
11965:
11958:
11950:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11932:
11928:
11924:
11920:
11916:
11912:
11908:
11901:
11893:
11889:
11884:
11879:
11874:
11869:
11865:
11861:
11857:
11850:
11842:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11824:
11820:
11816:
11812:
11808:
11804:
11800:
11793:
11785:
11781:
11777:
11773:
11769:
11765:
11761:
11757:
11750:
11743:
11735:
11731:
11727:
11723:
11719:
11715:
11711:
11707:
11703:
11699:
11692:
11684:
11680:
11676:
11672:
11668:
11664:
11660:
11656:
11652:
11648:
11641:
11639:
11630:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11612:
11608:
11605:(1): 69–114.
11604:
11600:
11596:
11589:
11581:
11577:
11572:
11567:
11562:
11557:
11553:
11549:
11545:
11538:
11536:
11527:
11521:
11517:
11510:
11502:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11484:
11480:
11476:
11472:
11468:
11461:
11453:
11449:
11445:
11441:
11438:(1): 156–84.
11437:
11433:
11429:
11422:
11414:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11396:
11392:
11388:
11384:
11380:
11373:
11371:
11369:
11360:
11356:
11349:
11347:
11338:
11334:
11330:
11326:
11323:(4): 417–24.
11322:
11318:
11311:
11309:
11300:
11296:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11272:
11268:
11264:
11257:
11249:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11221:
11217:
11213:
11206:
11198:
11194:
11190:
11186:
11182:
11178:
11174:
11170:
11163:
11155:
11151:
11147:
11143:
11139:
11135:
11131:
11127:
11123:
11119:
11112:
11097:
11096:
11091:
11084:
11076:
11072:
11067:
11062:
11058:
11054:
11050:
11046:
11045:
11040:
11033:
11025:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10997:
10993:
10989:
10985:
10981:
10974:
10959:
10958:
10953:
10949:
10943:
10928:
10924:
10917:
10909:
10905:
10901:
10897:
10893:
10889:
10888:
10879:
10864:
10860:
10853:
10851:
10849:
10832:
10828:
10827:
10822:
10815:
10807:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10789:
10785:
10781:
10777:
10773:
10769:
10765:
10758:
10743:
10742:
10737:
10730:
10723:
10720:
10715:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10691:
10687:
10683:
10679:
10672:
10670:
10668:
10661:Shors p. 593.
10658:
10649:
10641:
10637:
10633:
10629:
10625:
10621:
10617:
10613:
10609:
10605:
10598:
10592:
10588:
10584:
10580:
10574:
10572:
10563:
10559:
10555:
10551:
10547:
10543:
10539:
10535:
10531:
10527:
10520:
10505:
10504:
10499:
10495:
10489:
10482:
10477:
10475:
10458:
10454:
10448:
10446:
10439:
10438:9783319330006
10435:
10431:
10425:
10418:
10413:
10407:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10389:
10385:
10381:
10377:
10373:
10366:
10364:
10362:
10360:
10358:
10350:
10345:
10337:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10309:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10293:
10286:
10284:
10282:
10273:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10256:(2): 239–53.
10255:
10251:
10247:
10240:
10238:
10229:
10225:
10221:
10217:
10210:
10208:
10199:
10193:
10189:
10185:
10178:
10176:
10171:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10154:Picoeukaryote
10152:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10128:
10125:
10124:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10069:
10064:
10063:Oceans portal
10058:
10053:
10050:
10039:
10032:
10030:
10025:
10013:
10004:
9998:
9994:
9986:
9982:
9981:sequestration
9974:
9963:
9958:
9945:
9944:9783319932842
9941:
9937:
9933:
9929:
9928:
9927:
9921:
9917:
9913:
9912:stoichiometry
9909:
9905:
9901:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9865:
9863:
9859:
9855:
9851:
9847:
9843:
9838:
9836:
9832:
9828:
9827:interactomics
9824:
9820:
9815:
9814:collections.
9813:
9809:
9805:
9800:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9784:
9780:
9779:
9774:
9770:
9765:
9761:
9757:
9756:metabarcoding
9753:
9749:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9714:
9712:
9706:
9704:
9700:
9696:
9692:
9689:
9685:
9676:
9672:
9668:
9664:
9660:
9656:
9652:
9648:
9644:
9633:
9624:
9620:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9592:
9587:
9582:
9577:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9553:
9544:
9540:
9536:
9531:
9528:
9524:
9519:
9516:
9512:
9507:
9504:
9500:
9495:
9494:
9487:
9480:
9476:
9467:
9464:
9460:
9451:
9448:
9444:
9435:
9430:
9425:spectroscopy.
9424:
9420:
9416:
9410:
9405:
9393:
9388:
9376:
9375:
9368:
9359:
9358:
9351:
9337:
9335:
9334:
9329:
9325:
9321:
9317:
9316:ribosomal DNA
9313:
9309:
9305:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9287:
9283:
9279:
9275:
9271:
9270:DNA barcoding
9267:
9263:
9259:
9248:
9241:
9225:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9190:
9186:
9182:
9181:niskin bottle
9166:
9159:
9154:
9150:
9149:Robert M. May
9145:
9138:
9133:
9132:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9117:
9112:
9108:
9107:
9101:
9094:
9089:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9075:
9071:
9067:
9058:
9054:
9052:
9048:
9037:, live up to
9036:
9032:
9028:
9017:
9013:
9010:
9004:
9002:
8998:
8993:
8990:
8986:
8980:
8976:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8955:
8949:
8940:
8938:
8933:
8929:
8925:
8920:
8916:
8912:
8908:
8903:
8899:
8897:
8893:
8892:Pompeii worms
8889:
8885:
8881:
8880:endosymbiotic
8877:
8873:
8869:
8867:
8866:
8865:black smokers
8861:
8860:
8859:white smokers
8855:
8854:diffuse vents
8850:
8846:
8842:
8839:
8835:
8830:
8826:
8822:
8817:
8813:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8783:
8774:
8770:
8764:
8743:
8738:
8729:
8722:
8717:
8713:
8709:
8708:
8701:
8696:
8695:
8690:
8681:
8676:
8670:
8666:
8662:
8657:
8647:
8640:
8634:
8630:
8628:
8624:
8620:
8616:
8611:
8609:
8603:
8595:
8589:
8576:
8569:
8564:
8561:
8555:
8550:
8547:
8541:
8536:
8533:
8527:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8518:
8517:
8512:
8511:zooxanthellae
8508:
8505:
8501:
8498:within class
8497:
8492:
8490:
8485:
8483:
8479:
8475:
8472:
8468:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8452:
8450:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8434:
8430:
8426:
8420:
8416:
8407:
8402:
8392:
8382:
8380:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8363:
8358:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8343:
8339:
8330:
8329:
8322:
8317:
8313:
8312:
8305:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8284:
8279:
8275:
8269:
8268:bioirrigation
8265:
8261:
8252:
8239:
8231:
8225:
8220:
8213:
8206:
8201:
8200:
8196:
8190:
8185:
8178:
8173:
8170:
8166:
8162:
8158:
8151:
8146:
8142:
8141:
8133:
8128:
8124:
8123:foraminiferal
8120:
8113:
8108:
8104:
8097:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8066:
8061:
8060:
8054:
8050:
8047:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8032:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8018:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7996:
7992:
7990:
7989:foraminiferan
7987:
7985:
7981:
7977:
7973:
7969:
7965:
7957:
7953:
7949:
7946:
7942:
7939:
7936:
7933:
7930:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7909:
7905:
7903:0.002 to 0.2
7902:
7900:
7897:
7894:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7879:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7855:
7851:
7838:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7823:
7822:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7805:biogenic ooze
7802:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7786:
7782:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7748:
7747:calpionellids
7744:
7740:
7736:
7731:
7718:
7717:
7710:
7705:
7702:
7696:
7691:
7687:
7686:
7679:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7663:, a genus of
7662:
7661:
7654:
7649:
7645:
7644:
7637:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7624:
7620:
7617:, individual
7616:
7612:
7608:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7555:
7543:
7520:
7510:
7509:
7504:
7497:
7485:
7478:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7458:
7454:
7447:
7442:
7438:
7437:
7430:
7425:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7420:
7415:
7414:
7408:
7406:
7402:
7398:
7397:endosymbionts
7394:
7390:
7386:
7381:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7366:r-strategists
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7342:
7338:
7324:
7312:
7290:
7287:
7283:
7282:Zoochlorellae
7277:
7272:
7269:
7265:
7264:
7257:
7252:
7249:
7245:
7239:
7234:
7231:
7230:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7198:
7193:
7192:endosymbionts
7189:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7179:
7176:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7139:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7104:
7103:
7096:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7082:
7080:
7075:
7073:
7068:
7066:
7061:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7028:
7025:
7021:
7020:
7013:
7012:Phytoplankton
7010:
7009:
7003:
6999:
6997:
6996:Erythrobacter
6992:
6990:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6979:
6976:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6962:
6959:
6958:
6954:
6945:
6944:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6923:sulfur cycles
6920:
6916:
6912:
6907:
6903:
6902:phytoplankton
6899:
6898:
6893:
6891:
6886:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6860:
6856:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6844:endosymbionts
6841:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6819:
6808:
6801:
6792:
6791:
6786:
6780:
6757:
6756:
6735:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6704:
6699:
6698:
6692:
6686:
6677:
6670:
6652:
6651:
6644:
6639:
6635:
6629:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6613:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6597:
6592:
6591:
6578:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6560:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6541:
6536:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6509:
6504:
6498:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6456:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6445:kleptoplastic
6442:
6438:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6421:endosymbionts
6418:
6414:
6410:
6401:
6397:
6390:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6366:
6359:
6354:
6350:
6349:
6341:
6336:
6329:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6309:
6306:
6297:
6292:
6284:
6271:
6259:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6217:
6207:
6198:
6175:
6166:
6163:
6154:
6149:
6141:
6128:
6116:
6099:
6093:
6088:
6081:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6061:
6056:
6049:
6044:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6019:
6015:
6006:
5996:
5987:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5937:phytoplankton
5934:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5918:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5880:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5871:
5870:bristle worms
5867:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5814:
5812:
5811:heterotrophic
5808:
5804:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5759:
5758:stoichiometry
5755:
5750:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5709:Edward DeLong
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5655:
5642:
5637:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5582:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5559:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5493:
5484:
5479:
5470:
5462:
5455:
5450:
5447:Fossil diatom
5443:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5419:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5399:
5389:
5385:
5376:
5370:
5362:
5356:
5335:
5330:
5326:
5321:
5314:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5285:
5276:
5266:
5257:
5248:Diatom shapes
5234:
5233:cyanobacteria
5227:
5222:
5218:
5217:
5209:
5204:
5201:phytoplankton
5200:
5194:
5189:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5165:
5163:Phytoplankton
5162:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5145:prasinophytes
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5098:
5097:r-strategists
5094:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5073:Phytoplankton
5067:
5062:
5056:Phytoplankton
5053:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5036:, not by any
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4956:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4932:multicellular
4929:
4921:
4915:
4910:
4903:
4898:
4891:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4878:endosymbiosis
4875:
4871:
4870:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4793:multicellular
4790:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4763:multicellular
4760:
4756:
4752:
4751:multicellular
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4729:
4728:Euglenophytes
4724:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4713:euglenophytes
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4670:cyanobacteria
4666:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4637:cyanobacteria
4634:
4630:
4629:cyanobacteria
4625:
4623:
4622:phytoplankton
4619:
4615:
4611:
4610:Cyanobacteria
4603:
4594:
4589:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4549:
4540:
4539:microbial mat
4533:
4524:Cyanobacteria
4517:Cyanobacteria
4514:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4475:cyanobacteria
4471:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4400:phytoplankton
4396:
4383:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4255:include some
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4215:
4206:
4203:
4194:
4191:
4182:
4179:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4050:phytoplankton
4047:
4043:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4028:heterotrophic
4025:
4022:. Similar to
4021:
4020:phytoplankton
4017:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3872:
3869:
3866:, feeding on
3865:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3838:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3799:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3405:By locomotion
3402:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3354:abyssal zones
3351:
3350:xenophyophore
3344:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:foraminiferan
3327:
3326:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3222:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3188:
3185:
3176:
3173:
3164:
3159:
3152:
3148:
3147:cyanobacteria
3141:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3128:zoochlorellae
3125:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3105:Zooxanthellae
3100:
3095:
3092:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3071:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3040:
3035:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:fragmentation
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2959:, as well as
2958:
2954:
2950:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2776:Heterotrophic
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:Green algae,
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2641:
2639:
2638:endosymbionts
2635:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2596:single-celled
2593:
2589:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:, a possible
2560:
2559:
2552:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:fragmentation
2415:
2411:
2407:
2406:cyanobacteria
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2362:transcription
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2337:nucleic acids
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:single-celled
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:extremophiles
2257:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2229:bacteriophage
2226:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2183:cyanobacteria
2180:
2179:endosymbiotic
2176:
2175:peptidoglycan
2172:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2145:Cyanobacteria
2140:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2087:endosymbiotic
2084:
2079:
2075:
2074:stromatolites
2071:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2014:Schizomycetes
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:Earth's crust
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1938:Synechococcus
1933:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1845:giant viruses
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1809:Giant viruses
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1725:of the order
1724:
1723:tailed phages
1720:
1719:cyanobacteria
1716:
1715:Marine phages
1712:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1695:cyanobacteria
1692:
1686:
1679:
1678:tailed phages
1675:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1646:three domains
1642:
1640:
1625:
1618:
1609:
1601:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:United States
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1307:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:multicellular
1014:
1013:single-celled
1009:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:microorganism
996:
990:
979:
969:
968:Stromatolites
963:
954:
950:
946:
940:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:multicellular
794:
793:single-celled
790:
789:magnification
786:
782:
778:
775:
772:
768:
764:
761:of a coastal
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
733:
728:
726:
721:
719:
714:
713:
711:
710:
704:
694:
693:
692:
691:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
656:
653:
652:
651:
648:
647:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
606:
605:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
549:
544:
543:
535:
534:Tychoplankton
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
499:
498:
490:
487:
486:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
444:
443:
435:
432:
431:
426:
423:
422:
415:
414:cyanobacteria
412:
411:
410:
407:
406:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
383:
380:
379:
378:
375:
374:
367:
364:
362:
359:
356:
353:
352:
351:
348:
347:
340:
339:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
320:Picoeukaryote
318:
316:
313:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
285:
282:
281:
277:
272:
271:
263:
262:Virioplankton
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
239:
236:
234:
233:Phytoplankton
231:
230:
226:
221:
220:
216:
212:
211:
208:
205:
204:
200:
199:
189:
184:
182:
177:
175:
170:
169:
167:
166:
161:
151:
150:
149:
148:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
107:Invertebrates
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
68:
67:
59:
58:
55:
52:
51:
47:
46:
40:
34:
30:
19:
22573:Microswimmer
22467:in pregnancy
22417:Nylon-eating
22315:
22300:Spermosphere
22262:
22061:Microbiology
21935:
21919:
21913:Download PDF
21900:
21884:
21868:
21852:
21836:
21820:
21794:
21790:
21785:
21772:: 979– 984.
21769:
21765:
21734:(1): 61–75.
21731:
21727:
21721:
21705:
21701:
21696:
21680:
21676:
21671:
21655:
21651:
21646:
21630:
21626:
21621:
21605:
21601:
21596:
21570:
21566:
21560:
21537:
21528:
21512:
21509:Microbiology
21508:
21503:
21476:10033/622374
21458:
21454:
21444:
21403:
21399:
21389:
21379:
21372:
21345:10754/567056
21317:
21313:
21303:
21277:
21273:
21265:
21249:
21245:
21240:
21224:
21220:
21214:
21198:
21194:
21189:
21142:
21138:
21128:
21102:
21093:
21075:
21029:
21025:
21015:
20980:
20976:
20966:
20929:
20926:PLOS Biology
20925:
20881:
20877:
20819:
20815:
20805:
20764:
20760:
20751:
20710:
20706:
20699:
20689:26 September
20687:. Retrieved
20681:
20668:
20615:
20611:
20555:
20549:
20539:
20527:. Retrieved
20523:
20513:
20501:
20489:
20481:the original
20476:
20467:
20434:
20430:
20423:
20411:. Retrieved
20405:
20395:
20383:. Retrieved
20379:
20369:
20357:. Retrieved
20351:
20341:
20282:
20278:
20272:
20231:
20227:
20218:
20185:
20181:
20175:
20122:
20118:
20108:
20067:
20063:
20057:
20008:
20004:
19998:
19953:
19949:
19939:
19902:
19898:
19888:
19858:(1): 45–52.
19855:
19851:
19844:
19811:
19807:
19801:
19768:
19764:
19758:
19742:
19738:
19733:
19707:
19703:
19698:
19690:
19683:
19666:10533/148260
19640:
19636:
19630:
19621:
19588:
19584:
19578:
19543:
19539:
19529:
19503:
19500:BMC Genomics
19499:
19493:
19467:
19463:
19458:
19432:
19428:
19423:
19407:
19403:
19398:
19345:
19341:
19331:
19315:
19311:
19306:
19290:
19286:
19281:
19265:
19261:
19256:
19221:
19217:
19207:
19191:
19187:
19182:
19156:
19152:
19146:
19101:
19097:
19087:
19067:
19060:
19033:
18988:
18984:
18973:
18961:. Retrieved
18957:the original
18952:
18947:Joe Hanson.
18942:
18933:The Guardian
18931:
18921:
18912:
18902:
18849:
18845:
18834:
18826:
18819:
18809:
18801:
18785:
18739:
18736:PLOS Biology
18735:
18725:
18709:
18703:
18696:
18669:
18665:
18655:
18643:. Retrieved
18629:
18619:
18602:
18596:
18551:
18547:
18537:
18523:(1): 29–40.
18520:
18516:
18512:
18506:
18463:
18459:
18453:
18445:
18433:. Retrieved
18429:the original
18415:
18374:
18370:
18364:
18339:
18335:
18329:
18310:
18304:
18271:
18267:
18261:
18252:
18246:
18219:
18213:
18205:
18198:
18173:
18169:
18163:
18144:
18140:
18130:
18113:10261/131722
18093:
18089:
18041:
18037:
17979:
17975:
17965:
17912:
17908:
17898:
17871:
17867:
17854:
17813:
17809:
17799:
17785:
17750:
17746:
17739:
17698:
17694:
17690:
17684:
17641:
17637:
17627:
17618:
17609:
17600:
17590:
17545:
17541:
17531:
17506:
17502:
17496:
17477:
17467:
17451:
17431:
17388:
17384:
17378:
17370:
17330:
17326:
17316:
17283:
17275:
17266:
17262:
17252:
17217:
17213:
17200:
17167:
17161:
17155:
17122:
17118:
17108:
17067:
17063:
17037:
17031:
17014:
17010:
17004:
16953:
16949:
16939:
16931:
16924:
16914:30 September
16912:. Retrieved
16897:
16890:
16847:
16843:
16833:
16800:
16796:
16789:
16781:
16777:
16765:. Retrieved
16761:the original
16754:
16745:
16704:
16700:
16693:
16650:
16646:
16636:
16591:
16587:
16537:
16534:PLOS Biology
16533:
16523:
16515:
16506:
16490:
16485:
16458:
16454:
16444:
16407:
16403:
16393:
16381:. Retrieved
16377:
16368:
16327:
16323:
16317:
16284:
16280:
16270:
16262:
16253:
16245:
16196:
16192:
16182:
16175:NASA Science
16174:
16167:
16148:
16142:
16125:
16121:
16117:
16111:
16099:. Retrieved
16095:the original
16090:
16086:
16076:
16043:
16039:
16033:
16025:
16018:. Retrieved
16014:the original
16009:
15999:
15971:
15964:
15941:
15935:
15923:. Retrieved
15919:
15865:
15861:
15855:
15846:
15840:
15821:
15815:
15770:
15766:
15760:
15756:
15748:
15739:
15729:
15717:. Retrieved
15710:the original
15684:(6): 52–53.
15681:
15677:
15664:
15652:. Retrieved
15648:the original
15634:
15601:
15597:
15591:
15579:. Retrieved
15575:the original
15570:
15561:
15542:
15532:
15524:
15517:
15505:. Retrieved
15499:
15492:
15473:
15456:Science News
15455:
15446:
15405:
15401:
15395:
15375:
15368:
15327:
15323:
15317:
15272:
15268:
15258:
15229:. Retrieved
15219:
15207:. Retrieved
15202:
15198:
15185:
15173:. Retrieved
15169:the original
15165:Marine Fungi
15164:
15155:
15146:
15121:
15116:
15071:
15067:
15057:
15022:
15018:
14952:
14948:
14938:
14897:
14893:
14887:
14875:. Retrieved
14845:
14835:
14790:
14786:
14776:
14764:. Retrieved
14741:
14734:
14724:
14719:
14700:
14696:
14686:
14643:
14639:
14629:
14604:
14600:
14594:
14585:
14552:
14548:
14542:
14499:
14495:
14489:
14446:
14442:
14432:
14424:the original
14414:
14399:
14380:
14374:
14341:
14337:
14286:
14282:
14249:
14242:
14207:
14203:
14189:
14164:
14160:
14154:
14138:
14132:
14107:
14103:
14097:
14086:the original
14047:
14043:
14030:
13997:
13993:
13987:
13975:. Retrieved
13971:the original
13966:
13957:
13948:
13910:
13906:
13893:
13858:
13854:
13844:
13811:
13807:
13801:
13766:
13762:
13752:
13725:
13721:
13711:
13676:
13672:
13614:
13611:ISME Journal
13610:
13600:
13567:
13563:
13557:
13532:
13528:
13522:
13510:. Retrieved
13498:
13479:
13473:
13438:
13434:
13424:
13381:
13377:
13367:
13359:
13352:
13325:
13321:
13311:
13302:
13296:
13288:the original
13283:
13274:
13233:
13229:
13223:
13211:. Retrieved
13204:
13195:
13183:. Retrieved
13179:the original
13174:
13165:
13132:
13126:
13120:
13090:(6): 513–9.
13087:
13083:
13077:
13052:
13048:
13042:
13012:(1): 74–84.
13009:
13005:
12999:
12950:
12946:
12936:
12901:
12897:
12887:
12855:(4): 470–8.
12852:
12848:
12842:
12797:
12793:
12783:
12738:
12734:
12724:
12681:
12677:
12667:
12632:
12628:
12618:
12575:
12571:
12558:
12526:(1): 102–6.
12523:
12519:
12509:
12492:
12488:
12478:
12469:
12459:
12426:
12420:
12377:
12373:
12363:
12330:
12326:
12320:
12308:. Retrieved
12298:
12265:
12261:
12248:
12215:
12211:
12205:
12168:
12164:
12154:
12119:
12115:
12105:
12096:
12086:
12077:
12068:
12027:
12023:
12016:
11971:
11967:
11957:
11917:(1): 28–33.
11914:
11910:
11900:
11863:
11860:BMC Genomics
11859:
11849:
11806:
11802:
11792:
11762:(3): 15024.
11759:
11755:
11742:
11701:
11697:
11691:
11650:
11646:
11602:
11598:
11588:
11551:
11548:PLOS Biology
11547:
11515:
11509:
11474:
11470:
11460:
11435:
11431:
11421:
11386:
11382:
11358:
11354:
11320:
11316:
11270:
11266:
11256:
11219:
11215:
11205:
11172:
11168:
11162:
11121:
11117:
11111:
11099:. Retrieved
11093:
11083:
11048:
11042:
11032:
10987:
10983:
10973:
10961:. Retrieved
10955:
10942:
10930:. Retrieved
10916:
10891:
10885:
10878:
10866:. Retrieved
10835:. Retrieved
10831:the original
10824:
10814:
10771:
10768:ISME Journal
10767:
10757:
10745:. Retrieved
10739:
10729:
10721:
10714:
10681:
10677:
10657:
10648:
10607:
10603:
10597:
10529:
10525:
10519:
10507:. Retrieved
10501:
10488:
10461:. Retrieved
10456:
10429:
10424:
10379:
10375:
10344:
10299:
10295:
10253:
10249:
10219:
10215:
10183:
10021:
10010:
9997:carbon cycle
9993:fossil fuels
9970:
9935:
9925:
9890:
9872:
9858:metabolomics
9846:metagenomics
9839:
9822:
9816:
9799:Marine Omics
9798:
9791:metabolomics
9776:
9767:
9760:metagenomics
9740:Metagenomics
9726:
9707:
9699:metagenomics
9690:
9681:
9675:MALDI-TOF MS
9581:Spectrometry
9552:Bright field
9478:
9462:
9446:
9408:
9372:
9355:
9331:
9289:
9202:
9185:plankton net
9164:
9143:
9104:
9097:
9063:
9024:
9005:
8994:
8982:
8954:picoplankton
8900:
8870:
8863:
8857:
8853:
8843:
8819:
8793:extremophile
8789:Pompeii worm
8769:Black smoker
8741:
8712:carbon cycle
8705:
8612:
8605:
8516:Symbiodinium
8514:
8496:invertebrate
8493:
8486:
8453:
8428:
8422:
8405:
8367:
8359:
8346:water column
8335:
8326:
8309:
8287:photic zones
8277:
8274:benthic zone
8271:
8264:bioturbation
8229:
8138:
7842:typical size
7804:
7796:
7788:
7779:
7769:
7766:
7759:microfossils
7714:
7683:
7658:
7642:
7626:
7604:
7600:foraminifera
7577:nassellarian
7570:
7506:
7483:
7468:Nassellarian
7452:
7434:
7417:
7411:
7409:
7382:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7344:
7288:
7261:
7247:
7232:Mixoplankton
7214:
7209:Foraminifera
7205:Polycystinea
7180:
7161:
7154:
7147:
7134:Specialists
7110:Generalists
7101:
7100:
7086:Prorocentrum
7084:
7077:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7036:
7018:
7017:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6949:Description
6926:
6914:
6895:
6894:
6887:
6875:heterotrophy
6867:organotrophy
6852:
6848:kleptoplasty
6840:chloroplasts
6836:heterotrophy
6821:
6806:
6788:
6753:
6708:
6690:
6674:Drawings by
6648:
6633:
6617:
6601:
6566:
6528:
6506:
6487:) or naked.
6479:
6449:chloroplasts
6447:, retaining
6433:golden algae
6406:
6346:
6238:agglutinated
6229:
6223:
6214:Drawings by
6097:
6027:microfossils
6014:Radiolarians
6012:
6003:Drawings by
5971:Radiolarians
5957:meroplankton
5914:
5908:
5875:
5874:
5834:radiolarians
5815:
5809:). They are
5806:
5801:
5766:
5762:
5746:
5731:There is an
5730:
5726:
5706:
5694:Halobacteria
5665:
5640:
5610:
5590:
5570:
5563:
5549:
5545:
5512:
5503:
5433:algal blooms
5428:
5395:
5282:
5273:Drawings by
5214:
5141:chlorophytes
5137:cryptomonads
5102:
5085:
5079:). They are
5076:
5071:
5065:
5038:phylogenetic
5030:water column
5025:
5020:
5013:Mycoplankton
4926:
4922:algal chains
4867:
4848:
4834:killer algae
4833:
4823:
4820:cell biology
4809:
4783:
4776:
4770:
4732:
4725:
4697:polyphyletic
4687:
4667:
4655:
4649:
4626:
4616:and include
4608:
4576:
4554:
4472:
4421:
4349:
4245:microanimals
4220:
4137:
4130:
4124:
4119:
4097:
4084:hyphomycetes
4062:
4039:
4014:free-living
3989:Mycoplankton
3987:
3979:hydrothermal
3966:marine algae
3959:
3952:Mycoplankton
3948:Marine fungi
3940:ascomycetous
3933:
3905:Marine fungi
3882:
3881:The ciliate
3857:
3787:
3781:
3771:
3756:
3742:
3678:
3663:
3608:
3595:
3561:radiolarians
3527:Cryptophytes
3509:
3474:Description
3414:
3379:
3323:
3302:
3283:giant amoeba
3281:
3261:
3245:multi-celled
3242:
3059:
2969:Golgi bodies
2965:mitochondria
2945:
2883:
2834:Saprotrophic
2822:Slime moulds
2817:Fungal-like
2765:Animal-like
2734:
2693:Description
2676:
2667:paraphyletic
2653:
2631:
2609:
2605:multi-celled
2585:
2577:
2556:
2530:
2527:Thermophiles
2506:
2490:
2475:Halobacteria
2437:carbon cycle
2430:
2394:hydrogen gas
2370:ether lipids
2360:involved in
2352:and several
2343:
2341:
2318:
2310:cell nucleus
2286:
2280:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2181:origin from
2171:glaucophytes
2167:chloroplasts
2127:
2107:chloroplasts
2099:mitochondria
2063:
2056:
2052:
2036:
2013:
2007:
1958:
1943:Carboxysomes
1936:
1918:
1908:carbon cycle
1901:
1872:
1865:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1833:
1792:
1788:algal blooms
1784:
1771:Sulfolobales
1767:thermophilic
1760:
1753:
1749:Microviridae
1747:
1741:
1735:
1732:Caudovirales
1731:
1727:Caudovirales
1726:
1706:
1701:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1624:tailed phage
1561:
1506:
1504:
1494:, including
1457:
1423:
1393:
1385:
1380:aeroplankton
1346:
1334:biomolecules
1309:
1298:
1260:Microanimals
1258:
1237:
1217:
1173:
1153:
1117:
1105:
1065:
1051:animals and
1010:
992:
903:
888:
845:
831:animals and
799:and include
766:
749:living in a
742:
741:
576:Spring bloom
524:Meroplankton
514:Holoplankton
454:Aeroplankton
382:radiolarians
325:Picoplankton
252:Mycoplankton
247:Mixoplankton
225:Trophic mode
142:Conservation
137:Human impact
76:
39:carbon cycle
29:
22654:Planktology
22605:Siderophore
22366:Phycosphere
22222:viral shunt
21872:CRC Press.
21797:: 279–283.
21658:: 425–442.
21633:: 465–470.
21608:: 1261359.
21396:Reski, Ralf
20683:Eurekalert!
20413:11 December
20385:11 December
20359:11 December
20353:EurekAlert!
19745:: 175–211.
19506:(1): 1–13.
19348:(1): 4921.
19268:: 188–196.
19194:: 807–838.
18827:LiveScience
18645:13 November
18466:: 156–178.
18044:: 311–335.
17874:: 235–243.
16568:. e1000359.
16128:: 181–210.
16046:: 173–198.
15925:20 November
15916:"Algaebase"
15604:(1): 1–11.
14877:3 September
14766:3 September
13949:LiveScience
13913:(1): 31–8.
13213:16 February
12310:19 December
12122:. baaa062.
11389:: 125–134.
11222:(10): 302.
10963:15 December
10927:LiveScience
10863:LiveScience
10837:10 November
10652:Shors p. 5.
10463:11 December
10159:Roseobacter
10072:Marine life
10024:Precambrian
9521:Biochemical
9497:Chromogenic
9392:DNA barcode
9333:Pseudomonas
9111:dark matter
8928:prokaryotes
8915:mutualistic
8728:Marine snow
8615:viral shunt
8489:controversy
8360:The sudden
8328:Heterohelix
8159:and algae,
8140:Globigerina
8073:is a soft,
7940:0.1 to 0.2
7923:radiolarian
7915:microfossil
7793:John Murray
7619:cytoplasmic
7615:scintillons
7405:mixotrophic
7401:coral reefs
7393:phagotrophy
7389:mixotrophic
7372:and create
7350:algae group
7190:with algal
7095:Zooplankton
7079:Neoceratium
7072:Karlodinium
7065:Heterocapsa
7060:subglobosum
7058:Fragilidium
6989:Roseobacter
6931:acantharian
6927:Phaeocystis
6915:Phaeocystis
6906:polymorphic
6897:Phaeocystis
6883:prokaryotic
6859:chemotrophy
6807:Phaeocystis
6790:Phaeocystis
6785:Acantharian
6425:green algae
6409:mixotrophic
6067:acantharian
5965:cladocerans
5933:zooplankton
5929:prokaryotes
5866:arrow worms
5850:ctenophores
5803:Zooplankton
5798:Zooplankton
5775:fuelled by
5680:chromophore
5668:chlorophyll
5607:Algae bloom
5081:autotrophic
5046:forage fish
5017:Phycosphere
4816:green algae
4789:unicellular
4755:Brown algae
4739:Green algae
4709:brown algae
4678:prokaryotes
4614:filamentous
4439:chemotrophs
4435:heterotroph
4382:Tardigrades
4334:gastrotrich
4316:crustaceans
4293:carbon sink
4265:tardigrades
4253:crustaceans
4156:Microanimal
4140:Proterozoic
4115:splash zone
4103:mutualistic
4088:ascomycetes
4012:filamentous
3993:saprotropic
3983:metabolites
3977:and around
3918:splash zone
3844:spermatozoa
3830:at its base
3758:Flagellates
3749:Apicomplexa
3744:Phaeocystis
3662:(Greek for
3644:(amoeboids)
3632:flagellates
3594:(Latin for
3569:Apicomplexa
3549:green algae
3508:(Latin for
3493:Flagellates
3437:flagellates
3399:slime molds
3395:green algae
3373:brown algae
3249:macroscopic
3126:with green
3045:Radiolarian
3013:and called
2949:mixotrophic
2871:osmotrophic
2867:Mixotrophic
2810:flagellates
2789:Radiolarian
2746:brown algae
2736:Pyramimonas
2721:Autotrophic
2704:Plant-like
2588:prokaryotes
2398:Haloarchaea
2366:translation
2306:prokaryotes
2285:(Greek for
2152:cyanotoxins
2126:The marine
2051:are called
2018:prokaryotes
1975:micrometres
1968:prokaryotic
1882:Prokaryotes
1691:cyanophages
1549:icosahedral
1462:is a small
1369:sequestered
1326:prokaryotes
1139:Prokaryotes
1072:decomposers
1049:macroscopic
1041:fungal-like
1003:microscopic
955:-algal mat.
864:decomposers
829:macroscopic
771:microscopic
677:Thin layers
672:Planktology
667:Planktivore
616:Algaculture
556:Algal bloom
502:Other types
473:prokaryotes
459:Geoplankton
343:By taxonomy
238:Zooplankton
127:Carbon pump
112:Vertebrates
92:Prokaryotes
82:Microbiomes
54:Marine life
22638:Categories
22505:Techniques
22336:Microalgae
22244:microbiota
22239:Microbiome
22027:Prokaryote
21923:Springer.
21888:Springer.
21824:Elsevier.
21274:Microbiome
21252:: 251364.
21145:(5): 130.
20983:(1): 1–6.
19814:(3): 211.
19540:BioScience
19429:Microbiome
18789:Elsevier.
18666:Syst. Biol
18435:4 November
18377:: 443–93.
18253:Radiolaria
16963:1810.05150
16850:: bav080.
16653:(1): 1–7.
16101:11 October
16087:BUFUS-Info
16020:8 December
15209:6 February
15175:5 February
13977:11 October
13808:BioSystems
13564:Biosystems
13512:24 October
13055:: 351–97.
12380:(1): 749.
11361:: 182–186.
10166:References
9955:See also:
9920:eukaryotic
9906:and their
9862:metagenome
9842:microbiome
9831:proteomics
9787:proteomics
9781:, such as
9667:Ribotyping
9556:Dark field
9535:techniques
9523:techniques
9511:techniques
9509:Microscopy
9328:Carl Woese
9300:morphology
9258:microscopy
9179:See also:
9116:ecological
9031:life forms
8961:See also:
8810:See also:
8667:(DOM) and
8460:microbiome
8449:hologenome
8338:planktonic
8258:See also:
8161:ostracodes
8103:discoaster
8037:coccoliths
7739:Copper Age
7559:Unarmoured
7436:Gyrodinium
7335:See also:
7268:flagellate
7201:Acantharea
7156:Dinophysis
7127:oligotrich
7044:Ochromonas
7037:Ochromonas
7004:clade OM60
6879:eukaryotic
6832:autotrophy
6816:See also:
6764:Mixotrophs
6508:Cyphoderia
6400:nummulites
6377:nummulitid
5921:eukaryotes
5858:arthropods
5846:cnidarians
5818:protozoans
5684:rhodopsins
5532:coccoliths
5509:coccoliths
5129:euglenoids
5105:eukaryotes
4997:See also:
4928:Macroalgae
4874:microalgae
4785:Microalgae
4778:macroalgae
4772:microalgae
4662:food chain
4449:and using
4447:cold seeps
4431:food chain
4416:See also:
4404:vegetation
4277:loricifera
4249:arthropods
4154:See also:
4107:ascomycete
4054:turbulence
4008:ecosystems
4005:freshwater
3946:See also:
3859:Paramecium
3788:Paramecium
3783:Paramecium
3708:Not motile
3691:protozoans
3664:false feet
3660:pseudopods
3453:not motile
3433:pseudopods
3369:Giant kelp
2961:organelles
2934:flagellate
2911:micrograph
2890:flagellate
2858:Mixotrops
2848:slime nets
2828:slime nets
2770:Protozoans
2592:eukaryotes
2541:Eukaryotes
2529:, such as
2402:fix carbon
2390:metal ions
2376:, such as
2314:organelles
2275:See also:
2265:hot spring
2078:morphology
2033:organelles
2022:eukaryotes
1949:See also:
1867:Tupanvirus
1862:poxviruses
1830:Tupanvirus
1817:The giant
1743:Inoviridae
1689:These are
1480:life forms
1468:replicates
1430:Antarctica
1412:barophilic
1400:prokaryote
1239:Microfungi
1204:Eukaryotes
1094:and other
1092:phosphorus
1076:pathogenic
1068:ecosystems
1031:including
987:See also:
897:the major
891:pathogenic
882:and other
880:phosphorus
860:ecosystems
447:By habitat
377:Protozoans
308:calcareous
293:Microalgae
22578:biohybrid
22432:dysbiosis
22249:holobiont
22147:amoeboids
22130:twitching
21320:: 21–30.
20884:(2): 46.
20878:Diversity
20757:May, R.M.
20727:1431-0651
20642:0027-8424
20459:199636268
20317:0028-0836
20256:1941-1405
20210:0967-0637
20149:1932-6203
20084:1740-1526
20033:0028-0836
19972:1664-302X
19880:1385-1101
19836:8755-1209
19562:1525-3244
19470:(4): 81.
19435:(1): 46.
19372:2041-1723
19240:1469-8137
19120:1545-7885
19098:PLOS Biol
18894:221593388
18288:0737-4038
17998:1664-302X
17939:0027-8424
17763:CiteSeerX
17695:Oecologia
17269:(10): 36.
16996:119341330
16988:1473-5504
16864:1758-0463
16677:0168-6496
16224:1912/2854
16122:Symbiosis
15991:443576944
15225:"Lichens"
15130:0717-6538
15041:1751-7362
14979:0027-8424
14914:0095-3628
14509:0812.2887
13185:8 January
13006:BioEssays
12975:0036-8075
12857:CiteSeerX
12610:206655792
12443:1476-4687
11101:21 August
10228:0038-2353
10222:: 182–6.
9904:ribosomes
9795:glycomics
9651:Rapid PCR
9610:MALDI-TOF
9533:Molecular
9342:Barcoding
9292:phylogeny
8989:biosphere
8919:parasitic
8907:evolution
8471:symbiotic
8464:eukaryote
8419:holobiont
8377:found in
8370:endoliths
8311:Elphidium
8293:changing
8165:pteropods
8083:frustules
8075:siliceous
8041:< 0.1
8014:Calcified
7976:limestone
7972:aragonite
7937:or shell
7834:involved
7665:parasitic
7584:symbionts
7573:symbiosis
7503:surf wave
7378:Excavates
7374:red tides
7244:Tintinnid
7074:veneficum
7067:triquetra
6824:mixotroph
6793:symbionts
6634:Holophyra
6569: sp.
6546:Xenogenic
6533: sp.
6511: sp.
6429:red algae
6413:see below
5905:Tintinnid
5862:tunicates
5784:compounds
5713:rhodopsin
5682:found in
5550:braarudii
5398:frustules
5042:taxonomic
5026:wanderers
4747:Red algae
4578:Nodularia
4427:autotroph
4348:Armoured
4281:anaerobic
4269:nematodes
4261:cladocera
4238:cnidarian
4235:parasitic
4144:Paleozoic
4122:sea snail
4073:oomycetes
4069:zoosporic
4042:estuaries
3930:sea snail
3514:organelle
3506:flagellum
3449:amoeboids
3151:cytostome
3091:Euglenoid
3015:frustules
2752:and some
2714:see below
2378:archaeols
2372:in their
2329:Eukaryota
2236:P. ubique
2219:P. ubique
2083:phylogeny
2003:parasitic
1999:symbiotic
1925:estuaries
1819:mimivirus
1557:bacterium
1525:molecules
1476:organisms
1474:of other
1396:biosphere
1389:sea spray
1096:nutrients
908:from the
884:nutrients
769:) is any
755:saltwater
22623:Category
22542:Staining
22474:placenta
22104:Virology
22099:Mycology
22037:Protozoa
22007:Bacteria
21904:, MDPI.
21495:32533119
21428:12146788
21354:26204808
21171:31086084
20958:22028628
20856:27140646
20797:34992724
20789:17790039
20743:16888890
20735:25113821
20660:16116082
20590:32724059
20333:10737747
20325:17251963
20264:22457982
20167:25279954
20119:PLOS ONE
20092:17853907
20041:16163346
19990:22084639
19931:22084639
19793:20798336
19785:26344407
19675:26914416
19613:17298376
19390:30467310
19248:25655016
19153:Msystems
19138:26284777
19025:17728401
18913:Phys.org
18886:32913105
18768:21713028
18688:17661235
18588:29924811
18548:PLOS ONE
18498:36733478
18399:21141672
18190:83885629
18122:26927496
18068:27483121
18016:30210473
17982:: 1998.
17957:23071304
17838:10766240
17731:22837754
17723:16568278
17676:17028233
17619:Phys.org
17582:26627232
17413:11970318
17236:19174136
17192:42385900
17100:62781480
17092:16163345
17046:13993674
16882:26286928
16844:Database
16825:10988064
16729:10988064
16685:19709178
16628:31457093
16566:20436957
16436:30687251
16410:: 3235.
16352:17746543
16134:11539474
16060:15012232
15942:Seaweeds
15898:30911529
15890:27011267
15807:23703908
15706:14631732
15626:53618061
15525:Phys.org
15430:20376121
15360:27083645
15352:15890881
15309:14657360
15108:26226014
15068:PLOS ONE
15049:19641535
14997:12756301
14930:21288251
14922:17994287
14872:39378040
14827:24992154
14787:PLOS ONE
14678:19633124
14621:84879817
14577:22264931
14366:91380765
14313:23312067
14226:16248873
14181:85406712
14074:19026540
13927:11755083
13885:16191619
13744:26588818
13703:28768886
13649:30643201
13549:23024290
13408:16710401
13344:25907112
13258:23407494
13157:17522125
13149:21652304
13112:10607659
13069:10690412
13034:36026766
13026:17187354
12991:19424594
12983:15073369
12879:12116647
12716:15240306
12659:30837339
12602:28386012
12550:22482024
12451:89815981
12412:29487281
12355:11536914
12290:20018642
12282:15046572
12232:17041631
12197:19158076
12146:32761142
12078:Sci News
12052:29364876
12008:22808158
11968:PLOS ONE
11949:22020507
11892:17634101
11841:23635867
11784:52829633
11776:27572161
11675:16163346
11629:10704475
11580:15884981
11501:20660197
11452:16494962
11413:26965225
11337:12941415
11299:16984643
11248:29057790
11197:10055219
11189:17853906
11154:36480105
11146:25999494
11075:25143097
11024:18664583
10957:BBC News
10932:17 March
10868:17 March
10806:29379178
10747:14 April
10698:17853907
10632:16163346
10554:16163346
10406:31213707
10336:29784790
10272:13481308
10035:See also
9835:proteins
9783:genomics
9296:taxonomy
9078:seafloor
8500:Anthozoa
8478:bacteria
8238:see here
8117:Shells (
7899:frustule
7701:Red tide
7660:Oodinium
7588:ammonium
7547:Armoured
7354:whirling
7246:ciliate
7197:Rhizaria
7039:species
7024:plastids
6952:Example
6588:Ciliates
6283:protists
6073:crystals
6065:However
6018:protists
5961:copepods
5953:rotifers
5949:ciliates
5925:bacteria
5917:protozoa
5907:ciliate
5890:Copepods
5854:molluscs
5822:protists
5788:ammonium
5786:such as
5781:nitrogen
5388:frustule
5199:Colonial
5157:food web
5109:protists
5089:food web
5022:Plankton
4972:protozoa
4960:bacteria
4940:holdfast
4936:seaweeds
4920:Colonial
4853:flagella
4743:colonies
4735:seaweeds
4693:protists
4503:division
4425:are the
4367:Rotifers
4312:copepods
4273:rotifers
4257:copepods
4132:Spartina
3997:plankton
3975:sea foam
3970:saprobes
3868:bacteria
3773:Ciliates
3697:and the
3628:ciliates
3579:Ciliates
3477:Example
3441:ciliates
3425:flagella
3419:and can
3253:colonial
2963:such as
2806:ciliates
2696:Example
2655:Protists
2601:protists
2439:and the
2433:plankton
2392:or even
2325:Bacteria
2321:bacteria
2269:habitats
2232:HTVC010P
2215:plankton
2053:Bacteria
2037:bacteria
1983:habitats
1960:Bacteria
1711:parasite
1572:plasmids
1537:envelope
1496:bacteria
1219:Protists
1155:Bacteria
1088:nitrogen
1045:rotifers
1037:protozoa
1029:protists
1021:bacteria
1006:organism
924:Overview
876:nitrogen
825:copepods
821:rotifers
809:protozoa
801:bacteria
787:without
777:organism
703:Category
478:protists
409:Bacteria
398:ciliates
207:Plankton
122:Food web
97:Protists
72:Habitats
22172:Biofilm
22164:Ecology
22135:gliding
22032:Protist
22002:Archaea
21702:Science
21677:Science
21602:Science
21573:: 623.
21486:7291929
21436:7768096
21408:Bibcode
21322:Bibcode
21221:Science
21162:6560418
21056:2439888
21007:8282683
20949:3196472
20847:4889364
20824:Bibcode
20769:Bibcode
20761:Science
20651:1194919
20620:Bibcode
20581:7387439
20560:Bibcode
20529:31 July
20439:Bibcode
20297:Bibcode
20236:Bibcode
20190:Bibcode
20158:4184897
20127:Bibcode
20100:4658457
20049:4370363
20013:Bibcode
19981:3211056
19956:: 219.
19922:3211056
19905:: 219.
19860:Bibcode
19816:Bibcode
19645:Bibcode
19593:Bibcode
19570:1313569
19410:: 176.
19381:6250698
19350:Bibcode
19129:4540581
19016:1958816
18993:Bibcode
18963:13 July
18854:Bibcode
18846:Science
18759:3119654
18579:6010222
18556:Bibcode
18489:9891709
18468:Bibcode
18454:Karenia
18407:3872860
18379:Bibcode
18356:8707056
18296:8896371
18090:Protist
18046:Bibcode
18007:6120437
17948:3497740
17917:Bibcode
17876:Bibcode
17846:4409009
17818:Bibcode
17755:Bibcode
17703:Bibcode
17667:1694265
17646:Bibcode
17573:4672822
17550:Bibcode
17511:Bibcode
17393:Bibcode
17335:Bibcode
17244:5432036
17172:Bibcode
17147:5677709
17127:Bibcode
17072:Bibcode
17019:Bibcode
17017:: 901.
16968:Bibcode
16873:4539915
16805:Bibcode
16797:Science
16737:1461255
16709:Bibcode
16701:Science
16655:Bibcode
16619:6685716
16596:Bibcode
16557:2860490
16463:Bibcode
16427:6334475
16360:5672525
16332:Bibcode
16324:Science
16309:9657713
16289:Bibcode
16281:Science
16201:Bibcode
16068:6241264
15870:Bibcode
15798:3683724
15775:Bibcode
15740:npr.org
15686:Bibcode
15654:13 July
15606:Bibcode
15581:6 April
15474:Biology
15438:4340458
15410:Bibcode
15332:Bibcode
15324:Science
15277:Bibcode
15231:4 April
15099:4520555
15076:Bibcode
14957:Bibcode
14818:4081592
14795:Bibcode
14669:2765129
14648:Bibcode
14557:Bibcode
14534:3932471
14514:Bibcode
14481:7684268
14472:1262414
14451:Bibcode
14346:Bibcode
14304:4927265
14234:8060916
14112:Bibcode
14082:8819675
14052:Bibcode
14022:2672337
14002:Bibcode
13994:Science
13876:1559898
13836:1292654
13816:Bibcode
13793:8302218
13694:5563798
13640:6461780
13619:Bibcode
13572:Bibcode
13465:7287626
13416:4431143
13386:Bibcode
13357:Archaea
13266:4348619
13238:Bibcode
13092:Bibcode
12955:Bibcode
12947:Science
12928:9409149
12834:8041691
12802:Bibcode
12775:2112744
12743:Bibcode
12686:Bibcode
12650:6401483
12580:Bibcode
12572:Science
12541:3291303
12403:5829246
12382:Bibcode
12347:1542973
12240:9915859
12188:2675988
12137:7408187
12097:Science
12060:4462007
12032:Bibcode
11999:3394797
11976:Bibcode
11940:3255608
11919:Bibcode
11883:1950889
11866:: 236.
11832:3749506
11811:Bibcode
11734:4271861
11726:2755508
11706:Bibcode
11683:4370363
11655:Bibcode
11571:1110918
11492:2937809
11404:5406846
11290:1594570
11239:5691653
11216:Viruses
11126:Bibcode
11118:Science
11053:Bibcode
11015:2490668
10992:Bibcode
10896:Bibcode
10797:5864199
10776:Bibcode
10706:4658457
10640:4370363
10612:Bibcode
10562:4370363
10534:Bibcode
10509:25 July
10397:7136171
10327:6016768
10304:Bibcode
10018:History
9926:See...
9773:biology
9691:in situ
9688:genomes
9320:animals
9312:protein
9169:planet.
9100:culture
9080:in the
9066:aerobic
9009:biomass
8902:Viruses
8829:sea ice
8637:Marine
8592:Marine
8509:called
8474:viruses
8379:Siberia
8342:benthic
8278:benthos
8169:bryozoa
8087:diatoms
8003:< 1
7968:calcite
7913:diatom
7832:protist
7827:mineral
7671:in fish
7286:ciliate
7248:Favella
7099:Called
7088:minimum
7016:Called
6890:biomass
6676:Haeckel
6530:Arcella
6485:testate
6437:diatoms
6375:Fossil
6216:Haeckel
6005:Haeckel
5909:Favella
5836:, some
5777:nitrate
5769:f-ratio
5676:retinal
5461:diatoms
5386:shell (
5375:Pennate
5361:Centric
5347:Diatoms
5304:Diatoms
5289:silicon
5284:Diatoms
5275:Haeckel
5241:Diatoms
5117:diatoms
4976:animals
4964:archaea
4882:ciliate
4880:with a
4805:diverse
4757:form a
4721:diatoms
4674:Kingdom
4241:Myxozoa
4099:Lichens
3864:ciliate
3842:Salmon
3735:Diatoms
3687:lineage
3640:Amoebas
3624:amoebae
3596:eyelash
3557:gametes
3547:, most
3257:seaweed
3124:ciliate
2995:Diatoms
2973:mitosis
2957:nucleus
2953:biomass
2938:animals
2862:Various
2846:Marine
2802:amoebae
2793:Haeckel
2750:diatoms
2622:, when
2513:methane
2460:Eocytes
2422:budding
2386:ammonia
2358:enzymes
2295:kingdom
2287:ancient
2283:archaea
2173:have a
2091:Archaea
2070:fossils
2058:Archaea
2045:evolved
2026:nucleus
1849:giruses
1763:archaea
1752:, and
1674:Virions
1568:evolved
1545:helical
1529:protein
1523:, long
1508:virions
1500:archaea
1484:animals
1482:, from
1349:viruses
1330:viruses
1262:
1241:
1175:Archaea
1137:
1119:Viruses
1061:viruses
1047:. Many
1027:, most
1025:archaea
918:viruses
895:recycle
841:viruses
827:. Many
805:archaea
767:microbe
763:estuary
636:f-ratio
434:Viruses
425:Archaea
393:amoebae
355:diatoms
276:By size
87:Viruses
22479:uterus
22462:vagina
22427:asthma
22309:Marine
22273:Plants
22113:Motion
21994:Groups
21943:
21927:
21908:
21892:
21876:
21860:
21844:
21828:
21627:Nature
21544:
21493:
21483:
21434:
21426:
21352:
21195:Nature
21169:
21159:
21054:
21047:373105
21044:
21005:
20998:205007
20995:
20956:
20946:
20854:
20844:
20795:
20787:
20741:
20733:
20725:
20658:
20648:
20640:
20588:
20578:
20457:
20331:
20323:
20315:
20279:Nature
20262:
20254:
20208:
20165:
20155:
20147:
20098:
20090:
20082:
20047:
20039:
20031:
20005:Nature
19988:
19978:
19970:
19929:
19919:
19878:
19834:
19791:
19783:
19673:
19611:
19568:
19560:
19388:
19378:
19370:
19246:
19238:
19136:
19126:
19118:
19075:
19023:
19013:
18892:
18884:
18793:
18766:
18756:
18686:
18636:
18610:
18586:
18576:
18496:
18486:
18405:
18397:
18354:
18317:
18294:
18286:
18234:
18188:
18120:
18066:
18014:
18004:
17996:
17955:
17945:
17937:
17844:
17836:
17810:Nature
17765:
17729:
17721:
17674:
17664:
17580:
17570:
17484:
17439:
17411:
17304:
17242:
17234:
17190:
17163:Nature
17145:
17098:
17090:
17064:Nature
17044:
16994:
16986:
16905:
16880:
16870:
16862:
16823:
16767:2 July
16735:
16727:
16683:
16675:
16626:
16616:
16564:
16554:
16497:
16434:
16424:
16358:
16350:
16307:
16155:
16132:
16066:
16058:
15989:
15979:
15952:
15896:
15888:
15828:
15805:
15795:
15719:2 June
15704:
15624:
15549:
15507:14 May
15480:
15436:
15428:
15402:Nature
15383:
15358:
15350:
15307:
15300:307621
15297:
15128:
15106:
15096:
15047:
15039:
14995:
14988:165804
14985:
14977:
14928:
14920:
14912:
14870:
14860:
14825:
14815:
14757:
14676:
14666:
14619:
14575:
14532:
14479:
14469:
14387:
14364:
14311:
14301:
14257:
14232:
14224:
14179:
14146:
14080:
14072:
14020:
13925:
13883:
13873:
13834:
13791:
13784:372943
13781:
13742:
13701:
13691:
13647:
13637:
13592:418827
13590:
13547:
13486:
13463:
13456:216199
13453:
13414:
13406:
13378:Nature
13342:
13264:
13256:
13230:Nature
13155:
13147:
13110:
13067:
13032:
13024:
12989:
12981:
12973:
12926:
12919:232621
12916:
12877:
12859:
12832:
12822:
12773:
12763:
12714:
12707:444790
12704:
12657:
12647:
12608:
12600:
12548:
12538:
12449:
12441:
12427:Nature
12410:
12400:
12353:
12345:
12288:
12280:
12238:
12230:
12195:
12185:
12144:
12134:
12058:
12050:
12024:Nature
12006:
11996:
11947:
11937:
11890:
11880:
11839:
11829:
11782:
11774:
11732:
11724:
11698:Nature
11681:
11673:
11647:Nature
11627:
11617:
11578:
11568:
11522:
11499:
11489:
11450:
11411:
11401:
11335:
11297:
11287:
11273:: 29.
11246:
11236:
11195:
11187:
11152:
11144:
11095:Forbes
11073:
11044:Nature
11022:
11012:
10804:
10794:
10704:
10696:
10638:
10630:
10604:Nature
10589:
10560:
10552:
10526:Nature
10436:
10404:
10394:
10334:
10324:
10270:
10226:
10194:
9942:
9934:. In:
9823:-omics
9819:genome
9812:mutant
9793:, and
9778:-omics
9762:, and
9421:, and
9324:plants
9284:, and
9191:, and
9120:genome
9051:pyrite
9035:carbon
8977:, and
8932:lysing
8456:virome
8445:genome
8441:bionts
8266:, and
7980:marble
7887:diatom
7870:quartz
7866:silica
7829:forms
7761:, and
7213:Green
7207:, and
6919:carbon
6911:blooms
6863:litho-
6855:photo-
6805:White
6481:Amoeba
6459:Amoeba
6439:, and
6381:Eocene
6242:chiton
6230:forams
5923:) and
5807:animal
5792:papers
5717:proton
5674:, and
5384:silica
5231:Green
5147:, and
5093:blooms
5050:whales
5015:, and
4633:oxygen
4507:phylum
4495:carbon
4487:nearly
4483:oxygen
4468:oxygen
4285:anoxic
4231:larvae
4223:spores
4001:marine
3954:, and
3914:Lichen
3766:Torque
3730:Diatom
3680:Amoeba
3656:Amoeba
3592:cilium
3487:Motile
3445:amoeba
3423:using
3417:motile
3397:, and
3334:sponge
3288:nuclei
3149:. The
3011:silica
2975:or by
2616:Asgard
2426:spores
2291:domain
2224:Nature
2148:blooms
2010:plants
1964:domain
1876:domain
1853:phylum
1707:phages
1664:Phages
1541:lipids
1533:capsid
1488:plants
1365:carbon
1315:, 2012
1141:
1084:carbon
1053:plants
949:fossil
872:carbon
833:plants
774:living
701:
682:NAAMES
548:Blooms
22595:Omics
22551:Other
22452:mouth
22437:fecal
22042:Virus
22017:Fungi
21432:S2CID
20793:S2CID
20739:S2CID
20455:S2CID
20329:S2CID
20287:arXiv
20096:S2CID
20045:S2CID
19789:S2CID
19566:JSTOR
19293:(2).
19159:(2).
18890:S2CID
18403:S2CID
18186:S2CID
17864:(PDF)
17842:S2CID
17727:S2CID
17292:–56.
17240:S2CID
17210:(PDF)
17188:S2CID
17143:S2CID
17096:S2CID
16992:S2CID
16958:arXiv
16733:S2CID
16383:5 May
16356:S2CID
16064:S2CID
15894:S2CID
15713:(PDF)
15674:(PDF)
15622:S2CID
15434:S2CID
15356:S2CID
15205:: 1–7
15195:(PDF)
14926:S2CID
14868:S2CID
14617:S2CID
14573:S2CID
14530:S2CID
14504:arXiv
14362:S2CID
14334:(PDF)
14230:S2CID
14200:(PDF)
14177:S2CID
14089:(PDF)
14078:S2CID
14040:(PDF)
13903:(PDF)
13507:(PDF)
13412:S2CID
13262:S2CID
13153:S2CID
13030:S2CID
12987:S2CID
12825:44277
12766:54159
12606:S2CID
12568:(PDF)
12447:S2CID
12343:JSTOR
12286:S2CID
12258:(PDF)
12236:S2CID
12056:S2CID
11780:S2CID
11752:(PDF)
11730:S2CID
11679:S2CID
11620:98987
11193:S2CID
11150:S2CID
10702:S2CID
10636:S2CID
10558:S2CID
9908:rRNAs
9769:Omics
9748:Omics
9499:media
9330:, is
8975:SLiME
8917:than
8838:brine
8791:, an
8482:fungi
8368:Some
8295:tides
8119:tests
7984:chalk
7882:chert
7874:glass
7824:type
7807:is a
7775:rocks
7743:chert
7370:bloom
7125:Most
7081:furca
6871:auto-
6567:Chaos
6417:algae
6345:Live
6234:tests
5548:ssp.
5121:algae
5077:plant
4968:algae
4876:, in
4759:class
4701:green
4689:Algae
4684:Algae
4573:bloom
4499:water
4479:algae
4332:of a
4016:fungi
3962:fungi
3942:fungi
3699:fungi
3695:algae
3429:cilia
3387:brown
3109:coral
2709:Algae
2420:, or
2350:genes
2333:phyla
1979:Earth
1570:from
1472:cells
1466:that
1460:virus
1033:algae
906:genes
817:algae
813:fungi
781:virus
350:Algae
102:Fungi
22457:skin
22447:lung
21941:ISBN
21925:ISBN
21906:ISBN
21890:ISBN
21874:ISBN
21858:ISBN
21842:ISBN
21826:ISBN
21542:ISBN
21491:PMID
21424:PMID
21350:PMID
21250:2012
21167:PMID
21052:PMID
21003:PMID
20954:PMID
20852:PMID
20785:PMID
20731:PMID
20723:ISSN
20691:2018
20656:PMID
20638:ISSN
20586:PMID
20531:2020
20415:2018
20387:2018
20361:2018
20321:PMID
20313:ISSN
20260:PMID
20252:ISSN
20206:ISSN
20163:PMID
20145:ISSN
20088:PMID
20080:ISSN
20037:PMID
20029:ISSN
19986:PMID
19968:ISSN
19927:PMID
19876:ISSN
19832:ISSN
19781:PMID
19671:PMID
19609:PMID
19558:ISSN
19386:PMID
19368:ISSN
19287:MBio
19244:PMID
19236:ISSN
19134:PMID
19116:ISSN
19073:ISBN
19021:PMID
18965:2018
18882:PMID
18811:SERC
18791:ISBN
18764:PMID
18684:PMID
18647:2013
18634:ISBN
18608:ISBN
18584:PMID
18494:PMID
18437:2019
18395:PMID
18352:PMID
18336:Gene
18315:ISBN
18292:PMID
18284:ISSN
18232:ISBN
18118:PMID
18064:PMID
18012:PMID
17994:ISSN
17953:PMID
17935:ISSN
17834:PMID
17719:PMID
17672:PMID
17578:PMID
17482:ISBN
17437:ISBN
17409:PMID
17302:ISBN
17232:PMID
17214:Cell
17088:PMID
17042:OCLC
16984:ISSN
16916:2015
16903:ISBN
16878:PMID
16860:ISSN
16848:2015
16821:PMID
16769:2016
16725:PMID
16681:PMID
16673:ISSN
16624:PMID
16562:PMID
16495:ISBN
16432:PMID
16385:2018
16348:PMID
16305:PMID
16153:ISBN
16130:PMID
16103:2019
16056:PMID
16022:2012
15987:OCLC
15977:ISBN
15950:ISBN
15927:2016
15886:PMID
15826:ISBN
15803:PMID
15759:and
15721:2019
15702:PMID
15656:2009
15583:2016
15547:ISBN
15509:2017
15478:ISBN
15426:PMID
15381:ISBN
15348:PMID
15305:PMID
15269:PNAS
15233:2018
15211:2012
15177:2012
15126:ISSN
15104:PMID
15045:PMID
15037:ISSN
14993:PMID
14975:ISSN
14918:PMID
14910:ISSN
14879:2015
14858:ISBN
14823:PMID
14768:2015
14755:ISBN
14674:PMID
14477:PMID
14385:ISBN
14309:PMID
14255:ISBN
14222:PMID
14144:ISBN
14070:PMID
14018:PMID
13979:2019
13923:PMID
13881:PMID
13832:PMID
13789:PMID
13740:PMID
13699:PMID
13645:PMID
13588:PMID
13545:PMID
13514:2017
13484:ISBN
13461:PMID
13404:PMID
13340:PMID
13254:PMID
13215:2013
13187:2012
13145:PMID
13108:PMID
13065:PMID
13022:PMID
12979:PMID
12971:ISSN
12924:PMID
12875:PMID
12830:PMID
12771:PMID
12712:PMID
12655:PMID
12629:mBio
12598:PMID
12546:PMID
12439:ISSN
12408:PMID
12351:PMID
12312:2014
12278:PMID
12228:PMID
12193:PMID
12142:PMID
12120:2020
12048:PMID
12004:PMID
11945:PMID
11888:PMID
11837:PMID
11772:PMID
11722:PMID
11671:PMID
11625:PMID
11576:PMID
11520:ISBN
11497:PMID
11448:PMID
11409:PMID
11333:PMID
11295:PMID
11244:PMID
11185:PMID
11142:PMID
11103:2014
11071:PMID
11020:PMID
10965:2014
10934:2013
10870:2013
10839:2014
10802:PMID
10749:2018
10694:PMID
10628:PMID
10587:ISBN
10550:PMID
10511:2016
10465:2015
10434:ISBN
10402:PMID
10332:PMID
10296:PNAS
10268:PMID
10224:ISSN
10192:ISBN
10149:Ooid
9940:ISBN
9856:and
9734:and
9701:and
9663:PFGE
9659:RFLP
9586:FTIR
9568:CLSM
9322:and
9310:and
8983:The
8909:and
8890:and
8814:and
8659:The
8613:The
8467:host
8433:host
8417:and
8340:and
8143:ooze
8017:test
7961:CaCO
7935:test
7878:opal
7845:(mm)
7803:. A
7789:Ooze
7590:and
7362:lash
7358:whip
7339:and
7159:spp.
7046:spp.
6998:spp.
6991:spp.
6921:and
6873:and
6865:and
6857:and
6636:ovum
6394:The
5963:and
5868:and
5860:and
5840:and
5767:The
5586:The
4974:and
4767:kelp
4719:and
4707:and
4643:, a
4497:and
4445:and
4433:for
4291:and
4271:and
4263:and
4229:and
4227:eggs
4158:and
4120:The
4101:are
4075:and
4033:and
4003:and
3991:are
3714:none
3630:and
3567:and
3535:and
3531:All
3510:whip
3393:and
3371:, a
3348:The
3075:Two
2967:and
2869:and
2808:and
2744:and
2364:and
2327:and
2293:and
2281:The
2165:The
2055:and
2001:and
1953:and
1834:Tupã
1773:and
1653:life
1547:and
1498:and
1486:and
1408:mass
1300:are:
1039:and
1023:and
997:. A
914:life
823:and
655:iron
22442:gut
21799:doi
21774:doi
21736:doi
21710:doi
21706:358
21685:doi
21681:353
21660:doi
21635:doi
21631:532
21610:doi
21606:348
21575:doi
21550:doi
21517:doi
21513:156
21481:PMC
21471:hdl
21463:doi
21416:doi
21340:hdl
21330:doi
21282:doi
21254:doi
21229:doi
21225:304
21203:doi
21199:489
21157:PMC
21147:doi
21107:doi
21042:PMC
21034:doi
20993:PMC
20985:doi
20981:176
20944:PMC
20934:doi
20886:doi
20842:PMC
20832:doi
20820:113
20777:doi
20765:241
20715:doi
20646:PMC
20628:doi
20616:102
20576:PMC
20568:doi
20447:doi
20305:doi
20283:445
20244:doi
20198:doi
20153:PMC
20135:doi
20072:doi
20021:doi
20009:437
19976:PMC
19958:doi
19917:PMC
19907:doi
19868:doi
19824:doi
19773:doi
19747:doi
19712:doi
19661:hdl
19653:doi
19601:doi
19548:doi
19508:doi
19472:doi
19437:doi
19412:doi
19376:PMC
19358:doi
19320:doi
19316:162
19295:doi
19270:doi
19226:doi
19222:206
19196:doi
19161:doi
19124:PMC
19106:doi
19039:doi
19011:PMC
19001:doi
18989:104
18872:hdl
18862:doi
18850:369
18754:PMC
18744:doi
18714:doi
18674:doi
18574:PMC
18564:doi
18525:doi
18484:PMC
18476:doi
18387:doi
18344:doi
18340:173
18276:doi
18224:doi
18178:doi
18149:doi
18108:hdl
18098:doi
18094:167
18054:doi
18002:PMC
17984:doi
17943:PMC
17925:doi
17913:109
17884:doi
17872:123
17826:doi
17814:404
17773:doi
17711:doi
17699:148
17662:PMC
17654:doi
17568:PMC
17558:doi
17546:112
17519:doi
17401:doi
17343:doi
17294:doi
17222:doi
17180:doi
17168:282
17135:doi
17080:doi
17068:437
16976:doi
16868:PMC
16852:doi
16813:doi
16801:289
16717:doi
16705:289
16663:doi
16614:PMC
16604:doi
16552:PMC
16542:doi
16471:doi
16422:PMC
16412:doi
16340:doi
16328:268
16297:doi
16285:281
16219:hdl
16209:doi
16048:doi
15878:doi
15793:PMC
15783:doi
15771:110
15694:doi
15682:289
15614:doi
15418:doi
15406:464
15340:doi
15328:308
15295:PMC
15285:doi
15273:100
15094:PMC
15084:doi
15027:doi
14983:PMC
14965:doi
14953:100
14902:doi
14850:doi
14813:PMC
14803:doi
14747:doi
14705:doi
14664:PMC
14656:doi
14609:doi
14565:doi
14522:doi
14467:PMC
14459:doi
14354:doi
14299:PMC
14291:doi
14212:doi
14169:doi
14120:doi
14060:doi
14010:doi
13998:245
13915:doi
13871:PMC
13863:doi
13859:272
13824:doi
13779:PMC
13771:doi
13730:doi
13689:PMC
13681:doi
13677:284
13635:PMC
13627:doi
13580:doi
13537:doi
13451:PMC
13443:doi
13439:148
13394:doi
13382:441
13330:doi
13246:doi
13234:494
13137:doi
13100:doi
13057:doi
13014:doi
12963:doi
12951:304
12914:PMC
12906:doi
12867:doi
12820:PMC
12810:doi
12761:PMC
12751:doi
12702:PMC
12694:doi
12645:PMC
12637:doi
12588:doi
12576:356
12536:PMC
12528:doi
12497:doi
12431:doi
12398:PMC
12390:doi
12335:doi
12331:196
12270:doi
12220:doi
12183:PMC
12173:doi
12169:284
12132:PMC
12124:doi
12040:doi
12028:554
11994:PMC
11984:doi
11935:PMC
11927:doi
11878:PMC
11868:doi
11827:PMC
11819:doi
11764:doi
11714:doi
11702:340
11663:doi
11651:437
11615:PMC
11607:doi
11566:PMC
11556:doi
11487:PMC
11479:doi
11440:doi
11436:117
11399:PMC
11391:doi
11325:doi
11285:PMC
11275:doi
11234:PMC
11224:doi
11177:doi
11134:doi
11122:348
11061:doi
11049:512
11010:PMC
11000:doi
10988:105
10904:doi
10792:PMC
10784:doi
10686:doi
10620:doi
10608:437
10542:doi
10530:437
10392:PMC
10384:doi
10322:PMC
10312:doi
10300:115
10258:doi
9671:WGS
9643:PCR
9632:API
9615:ESI
9572:ATM
9564:TEM
9560:SEM
9308:DNA
9123:DNA
8502:),
7859:SiO
7596:DNA
7360:or
6881:or
6419:as
5696:in
5609:of
5048:to
5040:or
4775:or
4705:red
4635:by
4575:of
3666:).
3447:or
3431:or
3391:red
3031:mya
2825:and
2742:Red
2590:or
2412:by
2297:of
2169:of
2101:or
1966:of
1746:,
1740:,
1539:of
1521:RNA
1519:or
1517:DNA
1490:to
1367:is
1015:or
795:or
779:or
626:CPR
22640::
21793:,
21768:,
21757:^
21742:.
21732:22
21730:,
21704:,
21679:,
21656:11
21654:,
21629:,
21604:,
21581:.
21569:,
21548:.
21511:,
21489:.
21479:.
21469:.
21459:21
21457:.
21453:.
21430:.
21422:.
21414:.
21404:89
21402:.
21348:.
21338:.
21328:.
21318:24
21316:.
21312:.
21288:.
21276:,
21248:,
21223:,
21197:,
21165:.
21155:.
21141:.
21137:.
21113:.
21064:^
21050:.
21040:.
21030:51
21028:.
21024:.
21001:.
20991:.
20979:.
20975:.
20952:.
20942:.
20928:.
20924:.
20910:^
20882:10
20880:.
20876:.
20864:^
20850:.
20840:.
20830:.
20818:.
20814:.
20791:.
20783:.
20775:.
20763:.
20737:.
20729:.
20721:.
20711:18
20709:.
20680:.
20654:.
20644:.
20636:.
20626:.
20614:.
20610:.
20598:^
20584:.
20574:.
20566:.
20556:11
20554:.
20548:.
20522:.
20475:.
20453:.
20445:.
20435:36
20433:.
20404:.
20378:.
20350:.
20327:.
20319:.
20311:.
20303:.
20295:.
20281:.
20258:.
20250:.
20242:.
20230:.
20204:.
20196:.
20186:52
20184:.
20161:.
20151:.
20143:.
20133:.
20121:.
20117:.
20094:.
20086:.
20078:.
20066:.
20043:.
20035:.
20027:.
20019:.
20007:.
19984:.
19974:.
19966:.
19952:.
19948:.
19925:.
19915:.
19901:.
19897:.
19874:.
19866:.
19856:56
19854:.
19830:.
19822:.
19812:31
19810:.
19787:.
19779:.
19769:13
19767:.
19743:28
19741:,
19718:.
19708:24
19706:,
19669:.
19659:.
19651:.
19641:18
19639:.
19607:.
19599:.
19587:.
19564:.
19556:.
19544:49
19542:.
19538:.
19514:.
19504:19
19502:,
19478:.
19466:,
19443:.
19431:,
19406:,
19384:.
19374:.
19366:.
19356:.
19344:.
19340:.
19314:,
19289:,
19266:38
19264:,
19242:.
19234:.
19220:.
19216:.
19192:64
19190:,
19167:.
19155:,
19132:.
19122:.
19114:.
19102:13
19100:.
19096:.
19045:.
19019:.
19009:.
18999:.
18987:.
18983:.
18951:.
18930:.
18911:.
18888:.
18880:.
18870:.
18860:.
18848:.
18844:.
18776:^
18762:.
18752:.
18738:.
18734:.
18708:,
18682:.
18670:56
18668:.
18664:.
18582:.
18572:.
18562:.
18552:13
18550:.
18546:.
18521:17
18519:.
18492:.
18482:.
18474:.
18464:14
18462:.
18458:.
18423:.
18401:.
18393:.
18385:.
18373:.
18350:.
18338:.
18290:.
18282:.
18272:13
18270:.
18230:.
18184:.
18174:46
18172:.
18145:27
18143:.
18139:.
18116:.
18106:.
18092:.
18088:.
18076:^
18062:.
18052:.
18040:.
18036:.
18024:^
18010:.
18000:.
17992:.
17978:.
17974:.
17951:.
17941:.
17933:.
17923:.
17911:.
17907:.
17882:.
17870:.
17866:.
17840:.
17832:.
17824:.
17812:.
17771:.
17761:.
17751:53
17725:.
17717:.
17709:.
17697:.
17670:.
17660:.
17652:.
17642:72
17640:.
17636:.
17617:.
17599:.
17576:.
17566:.
17556:.
17544:.
17540:.
17517:.
17507:46
17505:.
17458:,
17421:^
17407:.
17399:.
17389:60
17387:.
17369:,
17358:^
17341:.
17331:42
17329:.
17325:.
17300:.
17290:11
17265:.
17261:.
17238:.
17230:.
17218:19
17216:.
17212:.
17186:.
17178:.
17166:.
17141:.
17133:.
17121:.
17117:.
17094:.
17086:.
17078:.
17066:.
17054:^
17015:38
17013:.
16990:.
16982:.
16974:.
16966:.
16954:20
16952:.
16948:.
16876:.
16866:.
16858:.
16846:.
16842:.
16819:.
16811:.
16799:.
16753:.
16731:.
16723:.
16715:.
16703:.
16679:.
16671:.
16661:.
16651:39
16649:.
16645:.
16622:.
16612:.
16602:.
16590:.
16586:.
16574:^
16560:.
16550:.
16536:.
16532:.
16514:,
16469:.
16459:57
16457:.
16453:.
16430:.
16420:.
16406:.
16402:.
16376:.
16354:.
16346:.
16338:.
16326:.
16303:.
16295:.
16283:.
16279:.
16261:.
16244:,
16233:^
16217:.
16207:.
16195:.
16191:.
16126:18
16124:.
16091:19
16089:.
16085:.
16062:.
16054:.
16044:49
16042:.
16024:.
16008:.
15985:.
15948:.
15918:.
15906:^
15892:.
15884:.
15876:.
15866:48
15864:.
15801:.
15791:.
15781:.
15769:.
15765:.
15738:.
15700:.
15692:.
15680:.
15676:.
15620:.
15612:.
15602:59
15600:.
15569:.
15541:.
15464:^
15454:.
15432:.
15424:.
15416:.
15404:.
15354:.
15346:.
15338:.
15326:.
15303:.
15293:.
15283:.
15271:.
15267:.
15241:^
15201:.
15197:.
15163:.
15137:^
15102:.
15092:.
15082:.
15072:10
15070:.
15066:.
15043:.
15035:.
15021:.
15017:.
15005:^
14991:.
14981:.
14973:.
14963:.
14951:.
14947:.
14924:.
14916:.
14908:.
14898:56
14896:.
14866:.
14856:.
14821:.
14811:.
14801:.
14789:.
14785:.
14753:.
14701:53
14699:.
14695:.
14672:.
14662:.
14654:.
14644:75
14642:.
14638:.
14615:.
14605:32
14603:.
14571:.
14563:.
14551:.
14528:.
14520:.
14512:.
14500:72
14498:.
14475:.
14465:.
14457:.
14447:64
14445:.
14441:.
14360:.
14352:.
14342:63
14340:.
14336:.
14321:^
14307:.
14297:.
14287:25
14285:.
14281:.
14269:^
14228:.
14220:.
14208:52
14206:.
14202:.
14175:.
14165:28
14163:.
14118:.
14108:58
14076:.
14068:.
14058:.
14048:18
14046:.
14042:.
14016:.
14008:.
13996:.
13965:.
13947:.
13935:^
13921:.
13911:10
13909:.
13905:.
13879:.
13869:.
13857:.
13853:.
13830:.
13822:.
13812:28
13810:.
13787:.
13777:.
13767:57
13765:.
13761:.
13738:.
13726:92
13724:.
13720:.
13697:.
13687:.
13675:.
13671:.
13657:^
13643:.
13633:.
13625:.
13615:13
13613:.
13609:.
13586:.
13578:.
13568:10
13566:.
13543:.
13533:61
13531:.
13459:.
13449:.
13437:.
13433:.
13410:.
13402:.
13392:.
13380:.
13376:.
13338:.
13326:39
13324:.
13320:.
13282:,
13260:.
13252:.
13244:.
13232:.
13203:.
13173:.
13151:.
13143:.
13133:91
13131:.
13106:.
13098:.
13086:.
13063:.
13053:33
13051:.
13028:.
13020:.
13010:29
13008:.
12985:.
12977:.
12969:.
12961:.
12949:.
12922:.
12912:.
12902:61
12900:.
12896:.
12873:.
12865:.
12853:50
12851:.
12828:.
12818:.
12808:.
12798:91
12796:.
12792:.
12769:.
12759:.
12749:.
12739:87
12737:.
12733:.
12710:.
12700:.
12692:.
12682:70
12680:.
12676:.
12653:.
12643:.
12633:10
12631:.
12627:.
12604:.
12596:.
12586:.
12574:.
12570:.
12544:.
12534:.
12522:.
12518:.
12493:99
12491:.
12487:.
12468:.
12445:.
12437:.
12429:.
12406:.
12396:.
12388:.
12376:.
12372:.
12349:.
12341:.
12329:.
12284:.
12276:.
12266:32
12264:.
12260:.
12234:.
12226:.
12214:.
12191:.
12181:.
12167:.
12163:.
12140:.
12130:.
12114:.
12095:.
12076:.
12054:.
12046:.
12038:.
12026:.
12002:.
11992:.
11982:.
11970:.
11966:.
11943:.
11933:.
11925:.
11915:78
11913:.
11909:.
11886:.
11876:.
11862:.
11858:.
11835:.
11825:.
11817:.
11805:.
11801:.
11778:.
11770:.
11758:.
11754:.
11728:.
11720:.
11712:.
11700:.
11677:.
11669:.
11661:.
11649:.
11637:^
11623:.
11613:.
11603:64
11601:.
11597:.
11574:.
11564:.
11550:.
11546:.
11534:^
11495:.
11485:.
11475:84
11473:.
11469:.
11446:.
11434:.
11430:.
11407:.
11397:.
11387:59
11385:.
11381:.
11367:^
11359:86
11357:.
11345:^
11331:.
11319:.
11307:^
11293:.
11283:.
11269:.
11265:.
11242:.
11232:.
11218:.
11214:.
11191:.
11183:.
11171:.
11148:.
11140:.
11132:.
11120:.
11092:.
11069:.
11059:.
11047:.
11041:.
11018:.
11008:.
10998:.
10986:.
10982:.
10954:.
10925:.
10902:.
10890:.
10861:.
10847:^
10823:.
10800:.
10790:.
10782:.
10772:12
10770:.
10766:.
10738:.
10700:.
10692:.
10680:.
10666:^
10634:.
10626:.
10618:.
10606:.
10581:.
10570:^
10556:.
10548:.
10540:.
10528:.
10500:.
10473:^
10455:.
10444:^
10400:.
10390:.
10380:17
10378:.
10374:.
10356:^
10330:.
10320:.
10310:.
10298:.
10294:.
10280:^
10266:.
10254:17
10252:.
10248:.
10236:^
10220:86
10218:.
10206:^
10174:^
10031:.
9977:CO
9898:,
9864:.
9852:,
9848:,
9797:.
9789:,
9785:,
9758:,
9754:,
9750:,
9705:.
9605:LC
9600:GC
9477:–
9461:–
9445:–
9417:,
9280:,
9276:,
9272:,
9268:,
9264:,
9260:,
9187:,
9183:,
8973:,
8969:,
8965:,
8939:.
8834:pH
8610:.
8480:,
8476:,
8458:,
8451:.
8262:,
8163:,
8077:,
8055:.
7757:,
7602:.
7501:A
7376:.
7203:,
6925:.
6869:,
6861:,
6822:A
6527:,
6505:,
6455:.
6435:,
6431:,
6427:,
5967:.
5951:,
5947:,
5943:,
5872:.
5856:,
5852:,
5848:,
5832:,
5828:,
5724:.
5670:,
5404:.
5143:,
5139:,
5135:,
5131:,
5127:,
5115:,
5011:,
5007:,
4970:,
4966:,
4962:,
4836:.
4781:.
4737:.
4723:.
4715:,
4711:,
4703:,
4652:μm
4624:.
4477:,
4259:,
4225:,
4090:,
4086:,
4060:.
3950:,
3932:,
3928:A
3737:,
3701:.
3634:.
3626:,
3590:A
3563:,
3543:,
3516:.
3504:A
3427:,
3401:.
3259:.
2979:.
2812:.
2804:,
2760:.
2748:,
2607:.
2576:–
2443:.
2428:.
2416:,
2388:,
2114:.
2061:.
1989:,
1941:.
1777:.
1648:.
1559:.
1502:.
1458:A
1311:–
1090:,
1086:,
1035:,
878:,
874:,
815:,
803:,
21978:e
21971:t
21964:v
21805:.
21801::
21795:6
21780:.
21776::
21770:3
21752:.
21738::
21716:.
21712::
21691:.
21687::
21666:.
21662::
21641:.
21637::
21616:.
21612::
21591:.
21577::
21571:6
21552::
21523:.
21519::
21497:.
21473::
21465::
21438:.
21418::
21410::
21367:.
21356:.
21342::
21332::
21324::
21298:.
21284::
21278:8
21260:.
21256::
21235:.
21231::
21209:.
21205::
21184:.
21173:.
21149::
21143:7
21123:.
21109::
21088:.
21058:.
21036::
21009:.
20987::
20960:.
20936::
20930:9
20905:.
20894:.
20888::
20858:.
20834::
20826::
20799:.
20779::
20771::
20745:.
20717::
20693:.
20662:.
20630::
20622::
20592:.
20570::
20562::
20533:.
20461:.
20449::
20441::
20417:.
20389:.
20363:.
20335:.
20307::
20299::
20289::
20266:.
20246::
20238::
20232:4
20212:.
20200::
20192::
20169:.
20137::
20129::
20123:9
20102:.
20074::
20068:5
20051:.
20023::
20015::
19992:.
19960::
19954:2
19933:.
19909::
19903:2
19882:.
19870::
19862::
19838:.
19826::
19818::
19795:.
19775::
19753:.
19749::
19728:.
19714::
19677:.
19663::
19655::
19647::
19615:.
19603::
19595::
19589:9
19572:.
19550::
19524:.
19510::
19488:.
19474::
19468:5
19453:.
19439::
19433:6
19418:.
19414::
19408:4
19392:.
19360::
19352::
19346:9
19326:.
19322::
19301:.
19297::
19291:7
19276:.
19272::
19250:.
19228::
19202:.
19198::
19177:.
19163::
19157:1
19140:.
19108::
19081:.
19055:.
19041::
19027:.
19003::
18995::
18967:.
18936:.
18915:.
18896:.
18874::
18864::
18856::
18770:.
18746::
18740:9
18716::
18710:1
18690:.
18676::
18649:.
18614:.
18590:.
18566::
18558::
18531:.
18527::
18500:.
18478::
18470::
18452:"
18439:.
18409:.
18389::
18381::
18375:2
18358:.
18346::
18323:.
18298:.
18278::
18240:.
18226::
18192:.
18180::
18157:.
18151::
18124:.
18110::
18100::
18070:.
18056::
18048::
18042:9
18018:.
17986::
17980:9
17959:.
17927::
17919::
17892:.
17886::
17878::
17848:.
17828::
17820::
17793:.
17779:.
17775::
17757::
17733:.
17713::
17705::
17678:.
17656::
17648::
17603:.
17584:.
17560::
17552::
17525:.
17521::
17513::
17490:.
17445:.
17415:.
17403::
17395::
17351:.
17345::
17337::
17310:.
17296::
17267:3
17246:.
17224::
17194:.
17182::
17174::
17149:.
17137::
17129::
17123:6
17102:.
17082::
17074::
17048:.
17025:.
17021::
16998:.
16978::
16970::
16960::
16918:.
16884:.
16854::
16827:.
16815::
16807::
16771:.
16739:.
16719::
16711::
16687:.
16665::
16657::
16630:.
16606::
16598::
16592:5
16544::
16538:8
16501:.
16479:.
16473::
16465::
16438:.
16414::
16408:9
16387:.
16362:.
16342::
16334::
16311:.
16299::
16291::
16265:.
16227:.
16221::
16211::
16203::
16197:6
16161:.
16136:.
16105:.
16070:.
16050::
15993:.
15958:.
15929:.
15900:.
15880::
15872::
15834:.
15809:.
15785::
15777::
15763:"
15742:.
15723:.
15696::
15688::
15658:.
15628:.
15616::
15608::
15585:.
15555:.
15511:.
15486:.
15440:.
15420::
15412::
15389:.
15362:.
15342::
15334::
15311:.
15287::
15279::
15235:.
15213:.
15203:5
15179:.
15132:.
15110:.
15086::
15078::
15051:.
15029::
15023:4
14999:.
14967::
14959::
14932:.
14904::
14881:.
14852::
14829:.
14805::
14797::
14791:9
14770:.
14749::
14713:.
14707::
14680:.
14658::
14650::
14623:.
14611::
14579:.
14567::
14559::
14553:7
14536:.
14524::
14516::
14506::
14483:.
14461::
14453::
14393:.
14368:.
14356::
14348::
14315:.
14293::
14263:.
14236:.
14214::
14183:.
14171::
14126:.
14122::
14114::
14062::
14054::
14024:.
14012::
14004::
13981:.
13951:.
13929:.
13917::
13887:.
13865::
13838:.
13826::
13818::
13795:.
13773::
13746:.
13732::
13705:.
13683::
13651:.
13629::
13621::
13594:.
13582::
13574::
13551:.
13539::
13516:.
13492:.
13467:.
13445::
13418:.
13396::
13388::
13346:.
13332::
13268:.
13248::
13240::
13217:.
13189:.
13159:.
13139::
13114:.
13102::
13094::
13088:2
13071:.
13059::
13036:.
13016::
12993:.
12965::
12957::
12930:.
12908::
12881:.
12869::
12836:.
12812::
12804::
12777:.
12753::
12745::
12718:.
12696::
12688::
12661:.
12639::
12612:.
12590::
12582::
12552:.
12530::
12524:5
12503:.
12499::
12472:.
12453:.
12433::
12414:.
12392::
12384::
12378:9
12357:.
12337::
12314:.
12292:.
12272::
12242:.
12222::
12216:4
12199:.
12175::
12148:.
12126::
12099:.
12062:.
12042::
12034::
12010:.
11986::
11978::
11972:7
11951:.
11929::
11921::
11894:.
11870::
11864:8
11843:.
11821::
11813::
11807:7
11786:.
11766::
11760:1
11736:.
11716::
11708::
11685:.
11665::
11657::
11631:.
11609::
11582:.
11558::
11552:3
11528:.
11503:.
11481::
11454:.
11442::
11415:.
11393::
11339:.
11327::
11321:6
11301:.
11277::
11271:1
11250:.
11226::
11220:9
11199:.
11179::
11173:5
11156:.
11136::
11128::
11105:.
11077:.
11063::
11055::
11026:.
11002::
10994::
10967:.
10936:.
10910:.
10906::
10898::
10892:6
10872:.
10841:.
10808:.
10786::
10778::
10751:.
10708:.
10688::
10682:5
10642:.
10622::
10614::
10564:.
10544::
10536::
10513:.
10467:.
10419:.
10408:.
10386::
10338:.
10314::
10306::
10274:.
10260::
10230:.
10200:.
10001:2
9989:2
9979:2
9946:.
9249:.
8803:.
8775:.
8714:.
8513:(
7963:3
7861:2
7211:)
7199:(
7083:,
7076:,
7069:,
7062:,
6552:)
6411:(
6402:.
6228:(
5927:(
5919:(
5656:.
4978:.
4079:)
3571:)
3551:)
3539:(
3269:)
3017:.
2940:.
2716:)
2712:(
2271:.
2185:.
1910:.
731:e
724:t
717:v
187:e
180:t
173:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
