89:), but the modeling and preservation of such information is not addressed in detail. As strictly a conceptual framework, the OAIS model does not require the use of any particular computing platform, system environment, system design paradigm, system development methodology, database management system, database design paradigm, data definition language, command language, system interface, user interface, technology, or media for an archive to be compliant. Its aim is to set the standard for the activities that are involved in preserving a digital archive rather than the method for carrying out those activities.
113:
175:
105:
54:. The CCSDS's purview is space agencies, but the OAIS model it developed has proved useful to other organizations and institutions with digital archiving needs. OAIS, known as ISO 14721:2003, is widely accepted and utilized by various organizations and disciplines, both national and international, and was designed to ensure preservation. The OAIS standard, published in 2005, is considered the optimum standard to create and maintain a digital repository over a long period of time.
304:, presented a software architecture model that fully implements the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) reference model on 22 September 2020. An appliance developed on the architecture model has been available since October 2020. The architecture model is based exclusively on de facto and de jure standards and the appliance developed according to it was realised exclusively with open source products. The three main standards are
197:
Administration function: manages the daily operations of the archive. This function attains submission agreements from information producers, performs system engineering, audits SIPs to ensure compliance with submission agreements, develops policies and standards. It handles customer service and acts
127:
The OAIS model also defines an information model. Physical or digital items which contain information are known as data objects. Members of the
Designated Community for an archive should be able to interpret and understand the information contained in a data object either because of their established
65:
and data formats, or with a changing user community. "Long term" may extend indefinitely. The OAIS defines a long period of time as any length of time that might be impacted by changing technologies and the changing of "Designated
Community," e.g., any group of consumers capable of understanding the
84:
In this reference model there is a particular focus on digital information, both as the primary forms of information held and as supporting information for both digitally and physically archived materials. Therefore, the model accommodates information that is inherently non-digital (e.g., a physical
201:
Preservation
Planning function: supports all tasks to keep the archive material accessible and understandable over long terms even if the original computing system becomes obsolete, e.g. development of detailed preservation/migration plans, technology watch, evaluation and risk analysis of content
193:
Data
Management function: coordinates the Descriptive Information of the AIPs and the system information that supports the archive. It maintains the database that contains the archive's information by executing query requests and generating results; generates reports in support of other functions;
223:
has become a discipline unto itself, the OAIS has become the standard model for digital preservation systems at many institutions and organizations. OAIS-compliance has been a stated fundamental design requirement for major digital preservation and repository development efforts at the
124:), management, and the archive itself. The management component of the OAIS environment is not an entity that carries out day-to-day maintenance of an archive but a person or group that sets policies for the content contained in the archive.
189:
Archival
Storage function: stores, maintains, and retrieves AIPs. It accepts AIPs submitted from the Ingest function, assigns them to long term storage, migrates AIPs as needed, checks for errors, and provides requested AIPs to the Access
60:
The information being maintained has been deemed to need "long term preservation", even if the OAIS itself is not permanent. "Long term" is long enough to be concerned with the impacts of changing technologies, including support for new
260:, India has implemented OAIS for National Cultural Audiovisual Archive (NCAA) which has been certified as Trusted Digital Repository as per ISO 16363: 2012 during November 2017. This initiative was a part of Indian
205:
Access function: This function includes the user interface that allows users to retrieve information from the archive. It generates a DIP from the relevant AIP and delivers it to the customer who has requested the
186:
Ingest function: receives information from producers and packages it for storage. It accepts a SIP, verifies it, creates an AIP from the SIP, and transfers the newly created AIP to archival storage
138:
Preservation
Description Information: contains information necessary to preserve its affiliated content information (such as information about the item's provenance, unique identifiers, a
341:
584:
148:
Descriptive
Information: metadata about the object which allows the object to be located at a later time using the archive's search or retrieval functions
352:
269:
265:
474:
35:
435:
273:
216:
47:
257:
256:(Journal Storage) scholarly journal archive, as well as several university library systems. Centre of Excellence for Digital Preservation,
225:
316:. Scalability, distributability and extensibility are further essential features and enable the use in organisations of different sizes.
497:
Defining
Digital Preservation Work: A Case Study of the Development of the Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System
357:
261:
128:
knowledge base or with the assistance of supplementary "representation information" that is included with the data object.
120:
The OAIS environment involves the interaction of four entities: producers of information, consumers of information (or the
347:
305:
241:
66:
information. This length of time can be indefinite. The archive defines the community and that definition is not fixed.
237:
543:
51:
335:
57:
The OAIS model can be applied to various archives, e.g., open access, closed, restricted, "dark", or proprietary.
309:
272:(TRAC) document from OCLC. which was an initial draft of, and subsequently superseded by, CCSDS 652.1-M-2 of the
264:. The OAIS has been the basis of numerous prominent digital preservation initiatives and standards including the
589:
556:
ISO 19165-1:2018 Geographic information -- Preservation of digital data and metadata -- Part 1: Fundamentals
285:
470:
579:
569:
156:
Submission
Information Package (SIP): which is the information sent from the producer to the archive
574:
280:
which forms the basis of the ISO audit and certification of
Trustworthy Repositories, described at
93:
78:
20:
245:
162:
Dissemination Information Package (DIP): which is the information sent to a user when requested
69:
The "O" in OAIS represents the "open way the standard was developed", and does not represent "
330:
220:
121:
81:. The "I" in OAIS represents "information", meaning data that can be shared or exchanged.
8:
229:
198:
as the interface between Management and the Designated Community in the OAIS environment.
381:
135:
Content Information: this includes the data object and its representation information
86:
412:
Giaretta, David (20 January 2011). "Introduction to OAIS Concepts and Terminology".
500:
417:
159:
Archival Information Package (AIP): which is the information stored by the archive
233:
74:
421:
112:
540:(OAIS), Recommended Practice, CCSDS 650.0-M-2 (Magenta Book) Issue 2, June 2012
313:
297:
145:
Packaging Information: holds the components of the information package together
518:
563:
434:
325:
174:
62:
537:
439:
166:
These three information packages may or may not be identical to each other.
43:
152:
There are three types of information package in the OAIS reference model:
554:
471:"Meeting the challenges of digital preservation: The OAIS reference model"
301:
277:
504:
70:
104:
342:
National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program
139:
131:
An information package includes the following information objects:
92:
The acronym OAIS should not be confused with OAI, which is the
23:, an effort to make metadata interoperable across repositories.
441:
Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS)
520:#WeMissiPres Day One Session 3 Picking up the threads of 2019
253:
99:
448:
249:
42:
an OAIS. This reference model is defined by recommendation
281:
549:
538:
Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System
219:, a body dedicated to overseeing space agencies, as
447:. Recommended Practice, issue 2, CCSDS 650.0-M-2.
353:Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification
270:Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification
284:. The ISO 19165:1-2018 recommends the use of the
561:
266:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
428:
300:, Frank Obermeit, a computer scientist at the
291:
182:There are six functional entities in an OAIS:
585:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
550:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
546:on standard(s) for accreditation of archives.
436:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
274:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
217:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
48:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
262:National Digital Preservation Program (NDPP)
226:National Archives and Records Administration
202:and recommendation of update and migration.
306:Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)
252:(the Online Computer Library Center), the
100:The OAIS environment and information model
411:
302:State Archives of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
173:
111:
103:
73:", or the usage of the term open in the
544:= 580 Work co-ordinated by RLG and NARA
407:
405:
403:
401:
169:
562:
499:(Thesis). The University of Michigan.
310:Representational State Transfer (REST)
382:"CCSDS.org - All Active Publications"
358:National Digital Preservation Program
288:to implement the Geospatial Package.
215:Although originally developed by the
398:
376:
374:
494:
348:CASPAR digital preservation project
242:National Library of the Netherlands
142:or other authentication data, etc.)
13:
468:
14:
601:
371:
336:National Digital Library Program
238:Bibliothèque nationale de France
116:OAIS information package diagram
28:Open Archival Information System
477:from the original on 2014-05-12
511:
488:
462:
416:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
1:
414:Advanced Digital Preservation
364:
178:OAIS functional model diagram
495:Lee, Christopher A. (2005).
276:; this text is identical to
50:; this text is identical to
7:
422:10.1007/978-3-642-16809-3_3
319:
292:Software architecture model
210:
10:
606:
286:Open Packaging Conventions
18:
194:and updates the database.
108:OAIS environment diagram
94:Open Archives Initiative
79:Open Archives Initiative
19:Not to be confused with
246:Digital Curation Centre
268:working group and the
179:
117:
109:
52:= 57284 ISO 14721:2012
314:OpenID Connect (OIDC)
177:
115:
107:
38:OAIS Reference Model
590:Digital preservation
331:Digital preservation
221:digital preservation
170:The functional model
122:designated community
230:Library of Congress
180:
118:
110:
597:
580:Archival science
570:Reference models
530:
529:
528:
527:
515:
509:
508:
492:
486:
485:
483:
482:
466:
460:
459:
457:
455:
446:
432:
426:
425:
409:
396:
395:
393:
392:
386:public.ccsds.org
378:
34:) refers to the
605:
604:
600:
599:
598:
596:
595:
594:
575:Online archives
560:
559:
534:
533:
525:
523:
517:
516:
512:
493:
489:
480:
478:
469:Lavoie, Brian.
467:
463:
453:
451:
444:
433:
429:
410:
399:
390:
388:
380:
379:
372:
367:
322:
294:
234:British Library
213:
172:
102:
75:Open Definition
44:CCSDS 650.0-B-2
24:
17:
16:Archival system
12:
11:
5:
603:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
558:
557:
552:
547:
541:
532:
531:
510:
487:
461:
427:
397:
369:
368:
366:
363:
362:
361:
360:(NDPP), India
355:
350:
345:
339:
333:
328:
321:
318:
293:
290:
278:ISO 16363:2012
212:
209:
208:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
171:
168:
164:
163:
160:
157:
150:
149:
146:
143:
136:
101:
98:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
602:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
565:
555:
553:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
522:
521:
514:
506:
505:2027.42/39372
502:
498:
491:
476:
472:
465:
450:
443:
442:
438:(June 2012).
437:
431:
423:
419:
415:
408:
406:
404:
402:
387:
383:
377:
375:
370:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:Data curation
324:
323:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
184:
183:
176:
167:
161:
158:
155:
154:
153:
147:
144:
141:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
125:
123:
114:
106:
97:
95:
90:
88:
82:
80:
76:
72:
67:
64:
58:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
524:, retrieved
519:
513:
496:
490:
479:. Retrieved
464:
452:. Retrieved
440:
430:
413:
389:. Retrieved
385:
298:#WeMissiPres
295:
282:iso16363.org
214:
206:information.
181:
165:
151:
130:
126:
119:
91:
83:
68:
59:
56:
39:
31:
27:
25:
296:As part of
248:in the UK,
71:open access
564:Categories
526:2021-11-22
481:2014-05-19
391:2021-11-22
365:References
26:The term
475:Archived
473:. OCLC.
454:25 March
344:(NDIIPP)
320:See also
211:Adoption
190:function
140:Checksum
46:of the
338:(NDLP)
244:, the
87:sample
445:(PDF)
258:C-DAC
254:JSTOR
63:media
456:2022
449:NASA
312:and
250:OCLC
32:OAIS
30:(or
501:hdl
418:doi
77:or
40:for
36:ISO
21:OAI
566::
400:^
384:.
373:^
308:,
240:,
236:,
232:,
228:,
96:.
507:.
503::
484:.
458:.
424:.
420::
394:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)