Open access - Knowledge

2186:

research, 30.8% of the 18,483 research articles published between 2008 and 2018 were led by female authors and were more likely to be published in lower-impact journals than those led by male authors. Such disparity can adversely affect the scientific career of women and underrate their scientific impacts for promotion and funding. Open access (OA) publishing can be a tool to help female researchers increase their publications' visibility, measure impact, and help close the gendered citation gap. OA publishing is a well-advocated practice for providing better accessibility to knowledge (especially for researchers in low- and middle-income countries) as well as increasing transparency along with the publishing procedure . Publications' visibility can be enhanced through OA publishing due to its high accessibility by removing paywalls compared to non-OA publishing.

1493: 1413: 858:

the time from manuscript submission to acceptance and to final publication can range from a few weeks to years, and go through several rounds of revision and resubmission before final publication. During this time, the same work will have been extensively discussed with external collaborators, presented at conferences, and been read by editors and reviewers in related areas of research. Yet, there is no official open record of that process (e.g., peer reviewers are normally anonymous, reports remain largely unpublished), and if an identical or very similar paper were to be published while the original was still under review, it would be impossible to establish provenance.

1457: 1598: 13506: 475: 1606: 36: 1558: 819: 1746:

and confusing, and can also include fully legitimate journals, such as those indexed by PubMed Central. In this sense, Grudniewicz et al. proposed a consensus definition that needs to be shared: "Predatory journals and publishers are entities that prioritize self-interest at the expense of scholarship and are characterized by false or misleading information, deviation from best editorial and publication practices, a lack of transparency, and/or the use of aggressive and indiscriminate solicitation practices."

13489: 1008: 1472:

less than 25% in Western Europe. However, Crawford's study did not count open access articles published in "hybrid" journals (subscription journals that allow authors to make their individual articles open in return for payment of a fee). More comprehensive analyses of the scholarly literature suggest that this resulted in a significant underestimation of the prevalence of author-fee-funded OA publications in the literature. Crawford's study also found that although a minority of open access

1463: 896: 999:, although others have argued that OA may raise the total cost of publication, and further increase economic incentives for exploitation in academic publishing. The open access movement is motivated by the problems of social inequality caused by restricting access to academic research, which favor large and wealthy institutions with the financial means to purchase access to many journals, as well as the economic challenges and perceived unsustainability of academic publishing. 16833: 845:" is typically a version of a research paper that is shared on an online platform prior to, or during, a formal peer review process. Preprint platforms have become popular due to the increasing drive towards open access publishing and can be publisher- or community-led. A range of discipline-specific or cross-domain platforms now exist. The posting of pre-prints (and/or authors' manuscript versions) is consistent with the Green Open Access model. 408: 2190:

between OA and a higher number of citations may be because higher-quality articles are self-selected for publication as OA. Considering the gender-based issues in academia and the efforts to improve gender equality, OA can be an important factor when female researchers choose a place to publish their articles. With a proper supporting system and funding, OA publishing is shown to have increased female researchers' productivity.

464: 13922: 1400: 47: 599: 6176: 1822: 253: 268: 1386: 1338: 694: 1684:(JIF) measures the average number of citations of articles in a journal over a two-year window. It is commonly used as a proxy for journal quality, expected research impact for articles submitted to that journal, and of researcher success. In subscription journals, impact factor correlates with overall citation count, however this correlation is not observed in gold OA journals. 1941:). While these databases primarily select based on process and content quality, there has been concern that their commercial nature may skew their assessment criteria and representation of journals outside of Europe and North America. At the time of that study in 2018, there were no comprehensive, open source or non-commercial academic databases. However, in more recent years, 6172: 1750:

model as a whole, especially via sting operations where fake papers have been successfully published in such journals. Although commonly associated with OA publishing models, subscription journals are also at risk of similar lax quality control standards and poor editorial policies. OA publishers therefore aim to ensure quality via auditing by registries such as

1583:

practitioners, patient groups, policymakers, non-profit sector workers, industry researchers, and independent researchers). OA articles are more read on publication management programs such as Mendeley. Open access practices can reduce publication delays, an obstacle which led some research fields such as high-energy physics to adopt widespread preprint access.

1609: 1608: 1613: 1612: 1607: 1813:). Typically, these discussions are humorous exposures of articles/editorials that are pro-open access, but locked behind paywalls. The main concern that motivates these discussions is that restricted access to public scientific knowledge is slowing scientific progress. The practice has been justified as important for raising awareness of open access. 1614: 1667:) may be affected by OA publishing, constituting a significant "amplifier" effect for science published on such platforms. Initial studies suggest that OA articles are more referenced in blogs, on Twitter, and on English Knowledge. The OA advantage in altmetrics may be smaller than the advantage in academic citations, although findings are mixed. 8688: 629:. The widely used CC BY license is one of the most permissive, only requiring attribution to be allowed to use the material (and allowing derivations and commercial use). A range of more restrictive Creative Commons licenses are also used. More rarely, some of the smaller academic journals use custom open access licenses. Some publishers (e.g. 2089:

following years. In 2007, Ukraine became the first country to create a national policy on open access, followed by Spain in 2009. Argentina, Brazil, and Poland are currently in the process of developing open access policies. Making master's and doctoral theses open access is an increasingly popular mandate by many educational institutions.

749:) but can be under $ 10, close to $ 5,000 or well over $ 10,000. APCs vary greatly depending on subject and region and are most common in scientific and medical journals (43% and 47% respectively), and lowest in arts and humanities journals (0% and 4% respectively). APCs can also depend on a journal's impact factor. Some publishers (e.g. 1734:

fall (as aspect of predatory publishing), increased use of preprints may populate the academic corpus with un-reviewed junk and propaganda, and that reviewers may self-censor if their identity of open. Some advocates propose that readers will have increased skepticism of preprint studies - a traditional hallmark of scientific inquiry.

1011: 1010: 1016: 1014: 1009: 765:

there is ongoing discussion about whether the change-over offers an opportunity to become more cost-effective or promotes more equitable participation in publication. Concern has been noted that increasing subscription journal prices will be mirrored by rising APCs, creating a barrier to less financially privileged authors.

1611: 1015: 8689:

https://www.scopus.com/results/results.uri?sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=7c069198c393343d11b72b903c0e4a02&sot=a&sdt=a&sl=14&s=PUBYEAR+%3D+2023&origin=searchadvanced&editSaveSearch=&txGid=45ccd8149540fa063d893d60c4e835dc&sessionSearchId=7c069198c393343d11b72b903c0e4a02&limit=10

578:

The drawn-out and often contentious societal and technological transition to Open Access and Open Science/Open Research, particularly across North America and Europe (Latin America has already widely adopted "Acceso Abierto" since before 2000) has led to increasingly entrenched positions and much debate.

1650:

Citation advantage is most pronounced in OA articles in hybrid journals (compared to the non-OA articles in those same journals), and with articles deposited in green OA repositories. Notably, green OA articles show similar benefits to citation counts as gold OA articles. Articles in gold OA journals

994:

An obvious advantage of open access journals is the free access to scientific papers regardless of affiliation with a subscribing library and improved access for the general public; this is especially true in developing countries. Lower costs for research in academia and industry have been claimed in

886:

The "green" route to OA refers to author self-archiving, in which a version of the article (often the peer-reviewed version before editorial typesetting, called "postprint") is posted online to an institutional and/or subject repository. This route is often dependent on journal or publisher policies,

877:

includes a series of hypothetical scooping scenarios as part of its preprint FAQ, finding that the overall benefits of using preprints vastly outweigh any potential issues around scooping. Indeed, the benefits of preprints, especially for early-career researchers, seem to outweigh any perceived risk:

768:

The inherent bias of the current APC-based OA publishing perpetuates this inequality through the 'Matthew effect' (the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer). The switch from pay-to-read to pay-to-publish has left essentially the same people behind, with some academics not having enough purchasing

2198:

A 2022 study has found "most OA articles were written by authors in high-income countries, and there were no articles in Mirror journals by authors in low-income countries." "One of the great ironies of open access is that you grant authors around the world the ability to finally read the scientific

2088:

In 2002, the University of Southampton's School of Electronics & Computer Science became one of the first schools to implement a meaningful mandatory open access policy, in which authors had to contribute copies of their articles to the school's repository. More institutions followed suit in the

1615: 1488:

database in August, 2024, 46.2% of works, indexed therein and published in 2023, had some form of open access. More than half of the OA publications (27.5% of all indexed works in 2023) were in fully Gold Open Access sources, 16.7% of all were in Green OA sources (i.e. which allow for self-archiving

764:

By comparison, journal subscriptions equate to $ 3,500–$ 4,000 per article published by an institution, but are highly variable by publisher (and some charge page fees separately). This has led to the assessment that there is enough money "within the system" to enable full transition to OA. However,

577:

Scholarly publishing invokes various positions and passions. For example, authors may spend hours struggling with diverse article submission systems, often converting document formatting between a multitude of journal and conference styles, and sometimes spend months waiting for peer review results.

2185:

Gender inequality still exists in the modern system of scientific publishing. In terms of citation and authorship position, gender differences favoring men can be found in many disciplines such as political science, economics and neurology, and critical care research. For instance, in critical care

2167:

open access policies remain low (as low as 5%). However it has been demonstrated that more successful outcomes are achieved by policies that are compulsory and more specific, such as specifying maximum permissible embargo times. Compliance with compulsory open-access mandates varies between funders

1778:

Open irony refers to the situation where a scholarly journal article advocates open access but the article itself is only accessible by paying a fee to the journal publisher to read the article. This has been noted in many fields, with more than 20 examples appearing since around 2010, including in

1749:

In this way, predatory journals exploit the OA model by deceptively removing the main value added by the journal (peer review) and parasitize the OA movement, occasionally hijacking or impersonating other journals. The rise of such journals since 2010 has damaged the reputation of the OA publishing

1733:

has made it viable for their peer review to focus solely on methodology and results interpretation whilst ignoring novelty. Major criticisms of the influence of OA on peer review have included that if OA journals have incentives to publish as many articles as possible then peer review standards may

1646:

more often than equivalent articles requiring subscriptions. This 'citation advantage' was first reported in 2001. Although two major studies dispute this claim, the consensus of multiple studies support the effect, with measured OA citation advantage varying in magnitude between 1.3-fold to 6-fold

1471:

A 2013-2018 report (GOA4) found that in 2018 over 700,000 articles were published in gold open access in the world, of which 42% was in journals with no author-paid fees. The figure varies significantly depending on region and kind of publisher: 75% if university-run, over 80% in Latin America, but

857:

However, preprints, in fact, protect against scooping. Considering the differences between traditional peer-review based publishing models and deposition of an article on a preprint server, "scooping" is less likely for manuscripts first submitted as preprints. In a traditional publishing scenario,

13300:

Vranas, Kelly C.; Ouyang, David; Lin, Amber L.; Slatore, Christopher G.; Sullivan, Donald R.; Kerlin, Meeta Prasad; Liu, Kathleen D.; Baron, Rebecca M.; Calfee, Carolyn S.; Ware, Lorraine B.; Halpern, Scott D.; Matthay, Michael A.; Herridge, Margaret S.; Mehta, Sangeeta; Rogers, Angela J. (1 April

2189:

Additionally, because of this high visibility, authors can receive more recognition for their works. OA publishing is also suggested to be advantageous in terms of citation number compared to non-OA publishing, but this aspect is still controversial within the scientific community. The association

2084:

The idea of mandating self-archiving was raised at least as early as 1998. Since 2003 efforts have been focused on open access mandating by the funders of research: governments, research funding agencies, and universities. Some publishers and publisher associations have lobbied against introducing

2080:

Many universities, research institutions and research funders have adopted mandates requiring their researchers to make their research publications open access. For example, Research Councils UK spent nearly £60m on supporting their open access mandate between 2013 and 2016. New mandates are often

1745:

present themselves as academic journals but use lax or no peer review processes coupled with aggressive advertising in order to generate revenue from article processing charges from authors. The definitions of 'predatory', 'deceptive', or 'questionable' publishers/journals are often vague, opaque,

1582:

OA articles are generally viewed online and downloaded more often than paywalled articles and that readership continues for longer. Readership is especially higher in demographics that typically lack access to subscription journals (in addition to the general population, this includes many medical

1128:

In 2012, the Harvard Open Access Project released its guide to good practices for university open-access policies, focusing on rights-retention policies that allow universities to distribute faculty research without seeking permission from publishers. As of November 2023, Rights retention policies

853:

A persistent concern surrounding preprints is that work may be at risk of being plagiarised or "scooped" – meaning that the same or similar research will be published by others without proper attribution to the original source – if publicly available but not yet associated with a stamp of approval

798:

or government agencies. Some publishers may cross-subsidise from other publications or auxiliary services and products. For example, most APC-free journals in Latin America are funded by higher education institutions and are not conditional on institutional affiliation for publication. Conversely,

2123:

argued that the suggested model is unrealistic due to the lack of crucial funding details. Furthermore, the council's recommendations raised concerns within the publishing industry regarding the potential implications, and they also emphasized the importance of research integrity and the need for

1853:

which host articles that have not yet been reviewed as open access copies. These articles are subsequently submitted for peer review by both open access and subscription journals, however the preprint always remains openly accessible. A list of preprint servers is maintained at ResearchPreprints.

887:

which can be more restrictive and complicated than respective "gold" policies regarding deposit location, license, and embargo requirements. Some publishers require an embargo period before deposition in public repositories, arguing that immediate self-archiving risks loss of subscription income.

861:

Preprints provide a time-stamp at the time of publication, which helps to establish the "priority of discovery" for scientific claims (Vale and Hyman 2016). This means that a preprint can act as proof of provenance for research ideas, data, code, models, and results. The fact that the majority of

332:

contain a mixture of open access articles and closed access articles. A publisher following this model is partially funded by subscriptions, and only provide open access for those individual articles for which the authors (or research sponsor) pay a publication fee. Hybrid OA generally costs more

1837:

Multiple databases exist for open access articles, journals and datasets. These databases overlap, however each has different inclusion criteria, which typically include extensive vetting for journal publication practices, editorial boards and ethics statements. The main databases of open access

1136:

In 2013 a group of nine Australian universities formed the Australian Open Access Strategy Group (AOASG) to advocate, collaborate, raise awareness, and lead and build capacity in the open access space in Australia. In 2015, the group expanded to include all eight New Zealand universities and was

431:). In some ways this is a large-scale technical implementation of pre-existing practice, whereby those with access to paywalled literature would share copies with their contacts. However, the increased ease and scale from 2010 onwards have changed how many people treat subscription publications. 1573:

communicated to its members that "Open access to the mathematical literature is an important goal" and encouraged them to " available electronically as much of our own work as feasible" to " the reservoir of freely available primary mathematical material, particularly helping scientists working

306:

by authors is permitted under green OA. Independently from publication by a publisher, the author also posts the work to a website controlled by the author, the research institution that funded or hosted the work, or to an independent central open repository, where people can download the work

1013: 1716:

of research articles prior to publishing has been common since the 18th century. Commonly reviewer comments are only revealed to the authors and reviewer identities kept anonymous. The rise of OA publishing has also given rise to experimentation in technologies and processes for peer review.

1080:

agencies and universities want to ensure that the research they fund and support in various ways has the greatest possible research impact. As a means of achieving this, research funders are beginning to expect open access to the research they support. Many of them (including all UK Research

670:

publishers. Reactions of existing publishers to open access journal publishing have ranged from moving with enthusiasm to a new open access business model, to experiments with providing as much free or open access as possible, to active lobbying against open access proposals. There are many

2139:

announced a "preprint-centric" open access policy, and their intention to stop paying APCs. In 2024, the government of Japan also announced a Green open access policy, requiring that government-funded research be made freely available on institutional preprint repositories from April 2025.

1124:

In 2011, a group of universities in North America formed the Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions (COAPI). Starting with 21 institutions where the faculty had either established an open access policy or were in the process of implementing one, COAPI now has nearly 50 members. These

1097:

A growing number of universities are providing institutional repositories in which their researchers can deposit their published articles. Some open access advocates believe that institutional repositories will play a very important role in responding to open-access mandates from funders.

5852:

Vanholsbeeck, Marc; Thacker, Paul; Sattler, Susanne; Ross-Hellauer, Tony; Rivera-López, Bárbara S.; Rice, Curt; Nobes, Andy; Masuzzo, Paola; Martin, Ryan; Kramer, Bianca; Havemann, Johanna; Enkhbayar, Asura; Davila, Jacinto; Crick, Tom; Crane, Harry; Tennant, Jonathan P. (11 March 2019).

641:

Since open access publication does not charge readers, there are many financial models used to cover costs by other means. Open access can be provided by commercial publishers, who may publish open access as well as subscription-based journals, or dedicated open-access publishers such as

53: 52: 49: 48: 1017: 1500:

The adoption of Open Access publishing varies significantly from publisher to publisher, as shown in Fig. OA-Plot, where only the oldest (traditional) publishers are shown, but not the newer publishers, that use the Open Access model exclusively. This plot shows, that since 2010 the

1480:

are published under this arrangement, particularly in the science disciplines (thanks to the enormous output of open access "mega journals", each of which may publish tens of thousands of articles in a year and are invariably funded by author-side charges—see Figure 10.1 in GOA4).

54: 367:

Journals that publish open access without charging authors article processing charges are sometimes referred to as diamond or platinum OA. Since they do not charge either readers or authors directly, such publishers often require funding from external sources such as the sale of

549:

is an acronym for 'findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable', intended to more clearly define what is meant by the term 'open access' and make the concept easier to discuss. Initially proposed in March 2016, it has subsequently been endorsed by organisations such as the

1425:

Various studies have investigated the extent of open access. A study published in 2010 showed that roughly 20% of the total number of peer-reviewed articles published in 2008 could be found openly accessible. Another study found that by 2010, 7.9% of all academic journals with

2107:

issued a memorandum calling for the removal of the 12-month embargo. By the end of 2025, US federal agencies must require all results (papers, documents and data) produced as a result of US government-funded research to be available to the public immediately upon publication.

1025:

The intended audience of research articles is usually other researchers. Open access helps researchers as readers by opening up access to articles that their libraries do not subscribe to. All researchers benefit from open access as no library can afford to subscribe to every

392:

over a wide variety of academic disciplines, giving most academics options for OA with no APCs. Diamond OA journals are available for most disciplines, and are usually small (<25 articles per year) and more likely to be multilingual (38%); thousands of such journals exist.

4662: 503:

did not enforce any copyright license and it was difficult to publish libre gold OA in legacy journals. However, there are no costs nor restrictions for green libre OA as preprints can be freely self-deposited with a free license, and most open-access repositories use

55: 854:

from peer reviewers and traditional journals. These concerns are often amplified as competition increases for academic jobs and funding, and perceived to be particularly problematic for early-career researchers and other higher-risk demographics within academia.

11195:

Dadkhah, Mehdi; Maliszewski, Tomasz; Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A. (24 June 2016). "Hijacked journals, hijacked web-sites, journal phishing, misleading metrics, and predatory publishing: actual and potential threats to academic integrity and publishing ethics".

777:

do not know whether authors have requested, or been granted, fee waivers, or to ensure that every paper is approved by an independent editor with no financial stake in the journal. The main argument against requiring authors to pay a fee, is the risk to the

707:

Some open access journals (under the gold, and hybrid models) generate revenue by charging publication fees in order to make the work openly available at the time of publication. The money might come from the author but more often comes from the author's

51: 1171:

are often vocal and active advocates of open access. These librarians believe that open access promises to remove both the price and permission barriers that undermine library efforts to provide access to scholarship, as well as helping to address the

1180:, supporting researchers' needs for immediate access to scholarship. Librarians and library associations also lead education and outreach initiatives to faculty, administrators, the library community, and the public about the benefits of open access. 16323: 1249:, who have a right to access the results of what they have funded. Examples of people who might wish to read scholarly literature include individuals with medical conditions and their family members, serious hobbyists or "amateur" scholars (e.g. 1729:, open publishing of full datasets and analysis code, and other open science practices. It is proposed that increased transparency of academic quality control processes makes audit of the academic record easier. Additionally, the rise of OA 757:) have released estimates of their direct and indirect costs that set their APCs. Hybrid OA generally costs more than gold OA and can offer a lower quality of service. A particularly controversial practice in hybrid open access journals is " 1276:

In developing nations, open access archiving and publishing acquires a unique importance. Scientists, health care professionals, and institutions in developing nations often do not have the capital necessary to access scholarly literature.

6739: 3076: 11648: 1804:

collected screenshots of examples. In 2012 Duncan Hull proposed the Open Access Irony award to publicly humiliate journals that publish these kinds of papers. Examples of these have been shared and discussed on social media using the

909:

are imposed by between 20 and 40% of journals, during which time an article is paywalled before permitting self-archiving (green OA) or releasing a free-to-read version (bronze OA). Embargo periods typically vary from 6–12 months in

238:

Different open access types are currently commonly described using a colour system. The most commonly recognised names are "green", "gold", and "hybrid" open access; however, several other models and alternative terms are also used.

10562:

Munafò, Marcus R.; Nosek, Brian A.; Bishop, Dorothy V. M.; Button, Katherine S.; Chambers, Christopher D.; Percie du Sert, Nathalie; Simonsohn, Uri; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Ware, Jennifer J.; Ioannidis, John P. A. (10 January 2017).

4670: 1610: 1565:

Since published articles report on research that is typically funded by government or university grants, the more the article is used, cited, applied and built upon, the better for research as well as for the researcher's career.

1489:

by authors), 9.2 % in Hybrid Gold OA sources (such as journals, which have open access and behind-paywall articles in the same issue), and 10.6 % were in Bronze OA sources (free-to-read on the publishers' websites).

10204:

Tennant, Jonathan P.; Dugan, Jonathan M.; Graziotin, Daniel; Jacques, Damien C.; Waldner, François; Mietchen, Daniel; Elkhatib, Yehia; B. Collister, Lauren; Pikas, Christina K.; Crick, Tom; Masuzzo, Paola (29 November 2017).

12423:

Robinson-Garcia, Nicolas; Chavarro, Diego Andrés; Molas-Gallart, Jordi; Ràfols, Ismael (28 May 2016). "On the Dominance of Quantitative Evaluation in 'Peripheral" Countries: Auditing Research with Technologies of Distance".

975:, all academic publications could be made free to read and published with some other cost-recovery model, such as publication charges, subsidies, or charging subscriptions only for the print edition, with the online edition 7404: 581:

The area of (open) scholarly practices increasingly sees a role for policy-makers and research funders giving focus to issues such as career incentives, research evaluation and business models for publicly funded research.

10679:

Munafò, Marcus R.; Nosek, Brian A.; Bishop, Dorothy V. M.; Button, Katherine S.; Chambers, Christopher D.; Percie Du Sert, Nathalie; Simonsohn, Uri; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Ware, Jennifer J.; Ioannidis, John P. A. (2017).

8755:

McKiernan, Erin C; Bourne, Philip E; Brown, C Titus; Buck, Stuart; Kenall, Amye; Lin, Jennifer; McDougall, Damon; Nosek, Brian A; Ram, Karthik; Soderberg, Courtney K; Spies, Jeffrey R (7 July 2016). Rodgers, Peter (ed.).

878:

rapid sharing of academic research, open access without author-facing charges, establishing priority of discoveries, receiving wider feedback in parallel with or before peer review, and facilitating wider collaborations.

6207: 13496: by Tennant JP, Crane H, Crick T, Davila J, Enkhbayar A, Havemann J, Kramer B, Martin R, Masuzzo P, Nobes A, Rice C, Rivera-López BS, Ross-Hellauer T, Sattler S, Thacker P, Vanholsbeeck M. available under the 1012: 295:(APC), which is typically paid through institutional or grant funding. The majority of gold open access journals charging APCs follow an "author-pays" model, although this is not an intrinsic property of gold OA. 14201: 11058:

Grudniewicz, Agnes; Moher, David; Cobey, Kelly D.; Bryson, Gregory L.; Cukier, Samantha; Allen, Kristiann; Ardern, Clare; Balcom, Lesley; Barros, Tiago; Berger, Monica; Ciro, Jairo Buitrago (12 December 2019).

10776:

McKiernan, E. C.; Bourne, P. E.; Brown, C. T.; Buck, S.; Kenall, A.; Lin, J.; McDougall, D.; Nosek, B. A.; Ram, K.; Soderberg, C. K.; Spies, J. R.; Thaney, K.; Updegrove, A.; Woo, K. H.; Yarkoni, T. (2016).

9939:

Gargouri, Yassine; Hajjem, Chawki; Lariviere, Vincent; Gingras, Yves; Carr, Les; Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan (2018). "The Journal Impact Factor: A Brief History, Critique, and Discussion of Adverse Effects".

1982: 1225:

for being an "outspoken advocate for public participation in government and unrestricted access to peer-reviewed scholarly articles". In March 2013, the entire editorial board and the editor-in-chief of the

12007:

Harnad, S.; Brody, T.; Vallières, F. O.; Carr, L.; Hitchcock, S.; Gingras, Y.; Oppenheim, C.; Stamerjohanns, H.; Hilf, E. R. (2004). "The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access".

1232:

resigned en masse, citing a dispute with the journal's publisher. One board member wrote of a "crisis of conscience about publishing in a journal that was not open access" after the death of Aaron Swartz.

14181: 4857:

Bachrach, S.; Berry, R. S.; Blume, M.; von Foerster, T.; Fowler, A.; Ginsparg, P.; Heller, S.; Kestner, N.; Odlyzko, A.; Okerson, A.; Wigington, R.; Moffat, A. (1998). "Who Should Own Scientific Papers?".

866:(DOI), also makes them easy to cite and track. Thus, if one were to be "scooped" without adequate acknowledgement, this would be a case of academic misconduct and plagiarism, and could be pursued as such. 661:

Advantages and disadvantages of open access have generated considerable discussion amongst researchers, academics, librarians, university administrators, funding agencies, government officials, commercial

488: 7592: 12959: 7958: 283:

In the gold OA model, the publisher makes all articles and related content available for free immediately on the journal's website. In such publications, articles are licensed for sharing and reuse via

5702: 4158: 9865:

Shema, Hadas; Bar-Ilan, Judit; Thelwall, Mike (15 January 2014). "Do blog citations correlate with a higher number of future citations? Research blogs as a potential source for alternative metrics".

9314:

Gentil-Beccot, Anne; Mele, Salvatore; Brooks, Travis (2009). "Citing and Reading Behaviours in High-Energy Physics. How a Community Stopped Worrying about Journals and Learned to Love Repositories".

3420:"The diamond model of open access publishing: Why policy makers, scholars, universities, libraries, labour unions and the publishing world need to take non-commercial, non-profit open access serious" 1195:(SPARC). Librarians and library associations also develop and share informational resources on scholarly publishing and open access to research; the Scholarly Communications Toolkit developed by the 12928: 12806: 12504:

Okune, Angela; Hillyer, Rebecca; Albornoz, Denisse; Posada, Alejandro; Chan, Leslie (2018). "Whose Infrastructure? Towards Inclusive and Collaborative Knowledge Infrastructures in Open Science".

1110: 50: 1467:

Gold OA vs green OA by institution for 2017 (size indicates number of outputs, colour indicates region). Note: articles may be both green and gold OA so x and y values do not sum to total OA.

11656: 7195: 5098: 6271: 2528: 7870: 4452: 1897:'s CORE Repository), or a funder (e.g. PMC). Although the practice was first formally proposed in 1994, self-archiving was already being practiced by some computer scientists in local 12482: 6302: 4639: 3264: 1184: 7396: 7061: 7927: 6373:

Tennant, Jonathan; Bauin, Serge; James, Sarah; Kant, Juliane (2018). "The Evolving Preprint Landscape: Introductory Report for the Knowledge Exchange Working Group on Preprints".

2744: 934:, and tends to increase readership and citations. Embargoes have been lifted on particular topics for either limited times or ongoing (e.g. Zika outbreaks or indigenous health). 13828: 12981: 5814:

Schimmer, Ralf; Geschuhn, Kai Karin; Vogler, Andreas (2015). "Disrupting the Subscription Journals" Business Model for the Necessary Large-Scale Transformation to Open Access".

4396: 3775:

Himmelstein, Daniel S; Romero, Ariel Rodriguez; Levernier, Jacob G; Munro, Thomas Anthony; McLaughlin, Stephen Reid; Greshake Tzovaras, Bastian; Greene, Casey S (1 March 2018).

3346: 1449:

In 2009, there were approximately 4,800 active open access journals, publishing around 190,000 articles. As of February 2019, over 12,500 open access journals are listed in the

1296:

dedicated to helping publishers in developing countries is a collaboration of people in the UK, Canada, and Brazil; the Bioline International Software is used around the world.

9071: 873:

server for sharing preprints since 1991. If the unlikely case of scooping emerges as the growth of the preprint system continues, it can be dealt with as academic malpractice.

10039:

Chua, SK; Qureshi, Ahmad M; Krishnan, Vijay; Pai, Dinker R; Kamal, Laila B; Gunasegaran, Sharmilla; Afzal, MZ; Ambawatta, Lahiru; Gan, JY; Kew, PY; Winn, Than (2 March 2017).

5939:"The 'Total Cost of Publication" in a Hybrid Open-Access Environment: Institutional Approaches to Funding Journal Article-Processing Charges in Combination with Subscriptions" 3223: 2723: 9359:

Piwowar, Heather; Priem, Jason; Larivière, Vincent; Alperin, Juan Pablo; Matthias, Lisa; Norlander, Bree; Farley, Ashley; West, Jevin; Haustein, Stefanie (13 February 2018).

8160:

Piwowar, Heather; Priem, Jason; Larivière, Vincent; Alperin, Juan Pablo; Matthias, Lisa; Norlander, Bree; Farley, Ashley; West, Jevin; Haustein, Stefanie (13 February 2018).

6199: 3360:

Piwowar, Heather; Priem, Jason; Larivière, Vincent; Alperin, Juan Pablo; Matthias, Lisa; Norlander, Bree; Farley, Ashley; West, Jevin; Haustein, Stefanie (13 February 2018).

14006:, a community of organisations engaged in open scholarship with a mission to encourage and enable open access as the predominant model of communication for scholarly outputs 11425:

Shamseer, Larissa; Moher, David; Maduekwe, Onyi; Turner, Lucy; Barbour, Virginia; Burch, Rebecca; Clark, Jocalyn; Galipeau, James; Roberts, Jason; Shea, Beverley J. (2017).

1456: 13862: 7773: 7307: 12452: 7791: 7091: 12044: 2995: 794:

including subsidies, advertising, membership dues, endowments, or volunteer labour. Subsidising sources range from universities, libraries and museums to foundations,

353:

Bronze open access articles are free to read only on the publisher page, but lack a clearly identifiable license. Such articles are typically not available for reuse.

7177:, "As the BOAI text expressed it, 'the overall costs of providing open access to this literature are far lower than the costs of traditional forms of dissemination.'" 614:

so that the latter can monetise the process via dissemination and reproduction of the work. With OA publishing, typically authors retain copyright to their work, and

6237: 2172:

started tracking and indicating compliance with funders' open-access mandates, although it only checks whether items are free-to-read, rather than openly licensed.

16664: 10681: 7981: 3712: 2153: 6769: 3136: 1125:

institutions' administrators, faculty and librarians, and staff support the international work of the Coalition's awareness-raising and advocacy for open access.

14577: 13981: 5969: 1430:

were gold open access journals and showed a broad distribution of Gold Open Access journals throughout academic disciplines. A study of random journals from the

1129:

are being adopted by an increasing number of UK universities as well. For a list of institutions worldwide currently espousing rights retention, see the list at

7588: 12951: 7950: 7544: 2273: 8822:

Wang, Xianwen; Liu, Chen; Mao, Wenli; Fang, Zhichao (1 May 2015). "The open access advantage considering citation, article usage and social media attention".

5695: 4134: 3968: 810:. APC-free journals tend to be smaller and more local-regional in scope. Some also require submitting authors to have a particular institutional affiliation. 15051: 14344: 8946:

Davis, Philip M. (2010). "Does open access lead to increased readership and citations? A randomized controlled trial of articles published in APS journals".

1242: 1192: 1109:, the Digital Academic Repositories, making over 47,000 research papers available. From 2 June 2008, DAREnet has been incorporated into the scholarly portal 13007: 7164: 194:

charges, open-access journals are characterised by funding models which do not require the reader to pay to read the journal's contents, relying instead on

14196: 12897: 12690: 12654: 9338: 5762: 2199:

literature that was completely closed off to them, but it ends up excluding them from publishing in the same journals" says Emilio Bruna, a scholar at the

180: 7330: 1434:

AHSCI, SCI and SSCI in 2013 came to the result that 88% of the journals were closed access and 12% were open access. In August 2013, a study done for the

499:

to the original authors. In 2012, the number of works under libre open access was considered to have been rapidly increasing for a few years, though most

12920: 12814: 5994:

Green, Toby (2019). "Is Open Access Affordable? Why Current Models Do Not Work and Why We Need Internet-Era Transformation of Scholarly Communications".

2119:

and member states. These recommendations are not legally binding and received mixed reactions. While welcomed by some members of the academic community,

1561:

Comparison of OA publications to non-OA publications for academic citations (n=44), HTML views (n=4), PDF downloads (n=3), Twitter (n=2), Knowledge (n=1)

310:

Green OA is free of charge for the author. Some publishers (less than 5% and decreasing as of 2014) may charge a fee for an additional service such as a

80:

publications are delivered to readers free of access charges or other barriers. With open access strictly defined (according to the 2001 definition), or

10721: 5395: 1462: 14016:, a crowd-sourced tagging project providing real-time alerts about new OA developments and organizing knowledge of the field (started by Peter Suber). 6791:

Laakso, Mikael (1 May 2014). "Green open access policies of scholarly journal publishers: a study of what, when, and where self-archiving is allowed".

2674:

Hill GA, Mattacotti V. The Toxic Principle of the Poison Ivy. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1934;56(12):2736-8 doi: 10.1021/ja01327a064;

1978:

Access to online content requires Internet access, and this distributional consideration presents physical and sometimes financial barriers to access.

952:

Open access (mostly green and gratis) began to be sought and provided worldwide by researchers when the possibility itself was opened by the advent of

13602:

on May 23. The tide is turning in favor of unrestricted access, but the countervailing forces are so complex that the future remains cloudy." (p. 73.)

1268:

professionals have access to the latest research. Advocates argue that open access speeds research progress, productivity, and knowledge translation.

1206:

At most universities, the library manages the institutional repository, which provides free access to scholarly work by the university's faculty. The

13997: 7225: 911: 7187: 14191: 10179: 8355: 2555: 1938: 1696: 1316:

group, and one of the most active development groups is Portuguese. This international perspective has resulted in advocacy for the development of

1118: 633:) use "author nominal copyright" for OA articles, where the author retains copyright in name only and all rights are transferred to the publisher. 479:) also refers to free online access, to read, free of charge, plus some additional re-use rights, covering the kinds of open access defined in the 5067: 11928: 11298:

Perlin, Marcelo S.; Imasato, Takeyoshi; Borenstein, Denis (2018). "Is Predatory Publishing a Real Threat? Evidence from a Large Database Study".

9452:

Tennant, Jonathan P.; Waldner, François; Jacques, Damien C.; Masuzzo, Paola; Collister, Lauren B.; Hartgerink, Chris. H. J. (21 September 2016).

7862: 7420: 7247:

Tennant, Jonathan P.; Waldner, François; Jacques, Damien C.; Masuzzo, Paola; Collister, Lauren B.; Hartgerink, Chris. H. J. (21 September 2016).

6263: 4663:"AmeliCA before Plan S – The Latin American Initiative to develop a cooperative, non-commercial, academic led, system of scholarly communication" 2096:

has required since 2008 that papers describing research funded by the National Institutes of Health must be available to the public free through

769:

power (individually or through their institutions) for either option. Some gold OA publishers will waive all or part of the fee for authors from

9145: 6874:

Laakso, Mikael; Björk, Bo-Christer (2013). "Delayed open access: An overlooked high-impact category of openly available scientific literature".

5549: 4448: 1861:, where it can be accessed for free. Most subscription journals place restrictions on which version of the work may be shared and/or require an 15803: 12875: 1114: 6123: 6029:

Pourret, Olivier; Hedding, David William; Ibarra, Daniel Enrique; Irawan, Dasapta Erwin; Liu, Haiyan; Tennant, Jonathan Peter (10 June 2021).

1261:, and hospitals, may not have access to publications behind paywalls, and OA publications are the only type that they can access in practice. 15788: 15631: 15280: 13887: 8326: 5364: 1416:

Share of hybrid open access (OA) articles in the subscription journals of the top three publishers. JCR, Journal Citation Reports. Reproduced

1264:

Even those who do not read scholarly articles benefit indirectly from open access. For example, patients benefit when their doctor and other

1196: 12474: 7440: 5575: 4426: 790:

No-fee open access journals, also known as "platinum" or "diamond" do not charge either readers or authors. These journals use a variety of

16241: 14299: 14186: 14058: 14003: 12185: 12137: 10265: 9165: 6294: 2377: 1755: 1517:

are non-profit publishers. The increase in OA percentage for articles published before ca. 1923 is related to the expiration of a 100-year

484: 12792: 7986:

It was just days after Aaron Swartz' death, and I was having a crisis of conscience about publishing in a journal that was not open access

4623: 4337:

Wilkinson, Mark D.; da Silva Santos, Luiz Olavo Bonino; Dumontier, Michel; Velterop, Jan; Neylon, Cameron; Mons, Barend (1 January 2017).

3824: 3612: 3256: 16501: 14570: 8437: 7919: 7839: 7053: 1651:

are typically cited at a similar frequency to paywalled articles. Citation advantage increases the longer an article has been published.

1492: 128: 12247: 1496:

Percentage of Open Access articles from 8 oldest journal publishers. The data were extracted from Web of Science database on 2023-01-30.

869:

There is no evidence that "scooping" of research via preprints exists, not even in communities that have broadly adopted the use of the

11394:"Format Aside: Applying Beall's Criteria to Assess the Predatory Nature of Both OA and Non-OA Library and Information Science Journals" 5310: 2737: 2447: 1770:). Increased transparency of the peer review and publication process has been proposed as a way to combat predatory journal practices. 1207: 13851: 4388: 3338: 1148:, highlighting its emphasis on strategy. The awareness raising activities of the AOASG include presentations, workshops, blogs, and a 15851: 15798: 9047: 8281:

Cummings, J. (2013). "Open access journal content found in commercial full-text aggregation databases and journal citation reports".

5611:

Kozak, Marcin; Hartley, James (December 2013). "Publication fees for open access journals: Different disciplines-different methods".

4949: 3634:

Rosenblum, Brian; Greenberg, Marc; Bolick, Josh; Emmett, Ada; Peterson, A. Townsend (17 June 2016). "Subsidizing truly open access".

2700: 2347: 1910: 1544:

and their contents. As of February 2019, over 4,500 institutional and cross-institutional repositories have been registered in ROAR.

587: 14280: 13393:"Assessing the effect of article processing charges on the geographic diversity of authors using Elsevier's "Mirror Journal" system" 9184: 3231: 2715: 1210:

has a program to develop institutional repositories at all Canadian university libraries. An increasing number of libraries provide

179:

since ca. 2000, is incommensurably smaller, than the cost of on-paper publishing and distribution, which is still preferred by many

13894: 11173: 6987:"The Post-Embargo Open Access Citation Advantage: It Exists (Probably), It's Modest (Usually), and the Rich Get Richer (of Course)" 5359: 2949: 2838: 2422: 1972: 2028:

Many open-access repositories offer a programmable interface to query their content. Some of them use a generic protocol, such as

1284:(Scientific Electronic Library Online), is a comprehensive approach to full open access journal publishing, involving a number of 960:. The momentum was further increased by a growing movement for academic journal publishing reform, and with it gold and libre OA. 198:

or on public funding, subsidies and sponsorships. Open access can be applied to all forms of published research output, including

13869: 7896: 7788: 7769: 4598: 2156:. As these sorts of mandates increase in prevalence, collaborating researchers may be affected by several at once. Tools such as 2104: 2054:

Several initiatives provide an alternative to the English language dominance of existing publication indexing systems, including

1037:

Open access extends the reach of research beyond its immediate academic circle. An open access article can be read by anyone – a

622:

by enabling greater control of the work (e.g. for image re-use) or licensing agreements (e.g. to allow dissemination by others).

10358: 7299: 5638:

Björk, Bo-Christer; Solomon, David (2015). "Article Processing Charges in OA Journals: Relationship between Price and Quality".

2891: 2662:

Diedrich V, Zweerink K, Elder B. Plant Dermatitis. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2024;42(3):613-38 doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2024.03.001;

2641: 1846:. In the case of DOAJ, only fully gold open access journals are included, whereas PMC also hosts articles from hybrid journals. 333:

than gold OA and can offer a lower quality of service. A particularly controversial practice in hybrid open access journals is "

14563: 14415: 13391:

Smith, Audrey C.; Merz, Leandra; Borden, Jesse B.; Gulick, Chris K.; Kshirsagar, Akhil R.; Bruna, Emilio M. (4 February 2022).

13164: 12828: 11649:"Whatever happened to the Academic Spring? (Or the irony of hiding papers on transparency and accountability behind a paywall)" 9917: 8638:

Piwowar, H.; Priem, J.; Larivière, V.; Alperin, J. P.; Matthias, L.; Norlander, B.; Farley, A.; West, J.; Haustein, S. (2018).

4725:

Pourret, Olivier; Irawan, Dasapta Erwin; Tennant, Jonathan P.; Hursthouse, Andrew; Van Hullebusch, Eric D. (1 September 2020).

2263: 6087: 4188: 2921: 13816: 13624: 12599: 12444: 12108: 9645: 7574: 7083: 5469: 3575: 2593: 1985:(the Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources) synthesizes information about open access journals and is a subset of the 345:, as libraries already pay for subscriptions thus have no financial incentive to fund open access articles in such journals. 12531: 12367: 12036: 160:

2) the authors of research papers are not paid in any way, so they do not suffer any monetary losses, when they switch from

16452: 14339: 14083: 12145: 6559:

Sarabipour, Sarvenaz; Debat, Humberto J.; Emmott, Edward; Burgess, Steven J.; Schwessinger, Benjamin; Hensel, Zach (2019).

1826: 1537: 317:

If the author posts the near-final version of their work after peer review by a journal, the archived version is called a "

12178:"Evaluating Institutional Repository Deployment in American Academe Since Early 2005: Repositories by the Numbers, Part 2" 9577: 9098:

Teplitskiy, M.; Lu, G.; Duede, E. (2016). "Amplifying the impact of open access: Knowledge and the diffusion of science".

6145:

Montgomery, Lucy (2014). "Knowledge Unlatched:A Global Library Consortium Model for Funding Open Access Scholarly Books".

1412: 16432: 16075: 13590:

they deserve." (p. 74.) Writes Darnton: "Most scientific research is subsidized by the federal government." Under a 2022

9292: 7718: 6229: 5792: 5732: 1391:

The number and proportion of open access articles split between Gold, Green, Hybrid, Bronze and closed access (1950–2016)

12854: 12765: 12272:

Mongeon, Philippe; Paul-Hus, Adèle (2016). "The Journal Coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A Comparative Analysis".

8016: 7973: 3704: 15558: 7644: 7484: 6761: 4625:

Future of Scholarly Publishing and Scholarly Communication : Report of the Expert Group to the European Commission

3148: 3125: 1317: 1152: 947: 100: 12088: 11477: 10997:"Comments on "Factors affecting global flow of scientific knowledge in environmental sciences" by Sonne et al. (2020)" 5938: 337:", where both authors and subscribers are charged. For these reasons, hybrid open access journals have been called a " 16870: 16536: 15621: 15273: 15206: 14289: 13845: 13808: 11964: 8082: 7753: 7121: 5426: 4633: 3013: 2474: 1998: 1450: 1228: 1188: 730: 259: 153:

review article on this topic for a 90 year-old copyright-expired article, that was published before the invention of

7536: 4272:

Wilkinson, Mark D.; Dumontier, Michel; Aalbersberg, IJsbrand Jan; Appleton, Gabrielle; et al. (15 March 2016).

4049:

Jamali, Hamid R. (1 July 2017). "Copyright compliance and infringement in ResearchGate full-text journal articles".

2051:, among other scholarly software projects. As of 2010, it was being used by approximately 5,000 journals worldwide. 1601:

Authors may use form language like this to request an open access license when submitting their work to a publisher.

16890: 16847: 16406: 15970: 15016: 14051: 13707:"Ten-Year Cross-Disciplinary Comparison of the Growth of Open Access and How It Increases Research Citation Impact" 12757: 11986: 11427:"Potential Predatory and Legitimate Biomedical Journals: Can You Tell the Difference? A Cross-Sectional Comparison" 9186: 6712:"What Does "Green" Open Access Mean? Tracking Twelve Years of Changes to Journal Publisher Self-Archiving Policies" 3041:"What does 'green' open access mean? Tracking twelve years of changes to journal publisher self-archiving policies" 2402: 2029: 1722: 1570: 12632: 9908:

Alhoori, Hamed; Ray Choudhury, Sagnik; Kanan, Tarek; Fox, Edward; Furuta, Richard; Giles, C. Lee (15 March 2015).

8984:

Davis, Philip M.; Lewenstein, Bruce V.; Simon, Daniel H.; Booth, James G.; Connolly, Mathew J. L. (31 July 2008).

1959:

Like the self-archived green open access articles, most gold open access journal articles are distributed via the

1446:

put the share of gold access articles in pure open access journals at around 13 percent of total research papers.

1214:

or hosting services for open access journals, with the Library Publishing Coalition as a membership organisation.

16754: 16134: 14176: 13948: 13888:

In Oldenburg's Long Shadow: Librarians, Research Scientists, Publishers, and the Control of Scientific Publishing

10995:

Pourret, Olivier; Irawan, Dasapta Erwin; Tennant, Jonathan P.; Wien, Charlotte; Dorch, Bertil F. (15 June 2020).

10954:

Spezi, Valerie; Wakeling, Simon; Pinfield, Stephen; Creaser, Claire; Fry, Jenny; Willett, Peter (13 March 2017).

9671: 9427: 8222:

Björk, B. C.; Welling, P.; Laakso, M.; Majlender, P.; Hedlund, T.; Guðnason, G. N. (2010). Scalas, Enrico (ed.).

6853: 2769:

Simard, Marc-André; Ghiasi, Gita; Mongeon, Philippe; Larivière, Vincent (9 August 2022). Baccini, Alberto (ed.).

2417: 1963:, due to low distribution costs, increasing reach, speed, and increasing importance for scholarly communication. 996: 480: 454: 12889: 11790: 9335: 8730: 8543:; Richard Hosking; Lucy Montgomery; Katie S Wilson; Alkim Ozaygen; Chloe Brookes-Kenworthy (14 September 2020). 8430:"Area-wide transition to open access is possible: A new study calculates a redeployment of funds in Open Access" 7160: 5754: 5475: 16895: 16885: 16396: 15568: 14425: 14275: 12160: 12068: 9194: 7371: 5332: 5187: 2278: 1245:'s Alliance for Taxpayer Access in the US argue that most scientific research is paid for by taxpayers through 1183:

Many library associations have either signed major open access declarations or created their own. For example,

672: 11532:"Blacklists and Whitelists to Tackle Predatory Publishing: A Cross-Sectional Comparison and Thematic Analysis" 6932: 3508:

Bosman, Jeroen; Frantsvåg, Jan Erik; Kramer, Bianca; Langlais, Pierre-Carl; Proudman, Vanessa (9 March 2021).

321:". This can be the accepted manuscript as returned by the journal to the author after successful peer review. 16900: 16427: 15844: 15818: 15155: 14884: 14613: 14544: 14294: 2551: 2501: 2412: 1954: 1934: 1862: 1624: 906: 8000: 7514: 5387: 4339:"Cloudy, increasingly FAIR; revisiting the FAIR Data guiding principles for the European Open Science Cloud" 1857:

For articles that are published in closed access journals, some authors will deposit a postprint copy in an

1357:

for information on how to incorporate it into this article's main text, or the main text of another article.

963:

The premises behind open access publishing are that there are viable funding models to maintain traditional

419:

The growth of unauthorized digital copying by large-scale copyright infringement has enabled free access to

16875: 15813: 15783: 15266: 15211: 14496: 14486: 14125: 14013: 13648:

Laakso, Mikael; Welling, Patrik; Bukvova, Helena; Nyman, Linus; Björk, Bo-Christer; Hedlund, Turid (2011).

13546: 8612: 8145:

Proceedings of the 14th Annual National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance Conference : Open

7920:"Entire library journal editorial board resigns, citing 'crisis of conscience' after death of Aaron Swartz" 2362: 2337: 1297: 1200: 27: 14033:'s Global Open Access Portal, providing "status of open access to scientific information around the world" 13937: 10996: 10830:"Peer Review Quality and Transparency of the Peer-Review Process in Open Access and Subscription Journals" 7217: 1762:

and comply to a standardised set of conditions. A blacklist of predatory publishers is also maintained by

1130: 16702: 16144: 16017: 15778: 15331: 14455: 14247: 14110: 14044: 11764: 7054:"The evidence fails to justify publishers' demand for longer embargo periods on publicly-funded research" 2663: 2308: 2115:

recommended the implementation of an open-access and not-for-profit model for research publishing by the

1894: 1257:

students. Additionally, professionals in many fields, such as those doing research in private companies,

972: 931: 758: 650:. Another source of funding for open access can be institutional subscribers. One example of this is the 334: 230:

There are different models of open access publishing and publishers may use one or more of these models.

187: 13868:. United Kingdom: Working Group on Expanding Access to Published Research Findings. 2012. Archived from 13253:

Van Noorden, Richard (31 March 2021). "Do you obey public-access mandates? Google Scholar is watching".

12668: 11478:"I confess, I wrote the Arsenic DNA paper to expose flaws in peer-review at subscription based journals" 10148: 8348: 6963: 3736:"The Rise of Platinum Open Access Journals with Both Impact Factors and Zero Article Processing Charges" 2945:"Open access publishing and author-pays business models: a survey of authors' knowledge and perceptions" 2081:

announced during the Open Access Week, that takes place each year during the last full week of October.

1241:

The public may benefit from open access to scholarly research for many reasons. Advocacy groups such as

1191:

has documented the need for increased access to scholarly information, and was a leading founder of the

1021:

A fictional thank you note from the future to contemporary researchers for sharing their research openly

590:(Open Knowledge for Latin America) caused a wave of debate in scholarly communication in 2019 and 2020. 16181: 16159: 15793: 15773: 15233: 15221: 15196: 14813: 14430: 14242: 13967: 12035:

Fortier, Rose; James, Heather G.; Jermé, Martha G.; Berge, Patricia; Del Toro, Rosemary (14 May 2015).

11920: 7734: 4556:

Vincent-Lamarre, Philippe; Boivin, Jade; Gargouri, Yassine; Larivière, Vincent; Harnad, Stevan (2016).

2392: 2283: 1994: 1054: 806:

Estimates of prevalence vary, but approximately 10,000 journals without APC are listed in DOAJ and the

655: 329: 13117:

Singh Chawla, Dalmeet (30 May 2024). "Japan's push to make all research open access is taking shape".

12551: 9692:"The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics" 9520:"The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics" 8705: 7188:"Gold open access in practice: How will universities respond to the rising total cost of publication?" 5283: 5251:"The Reinterpretation of the Visibility and Quality of New Policies to Assess Scientific Publications" 4726: 4135:"Sci-Hub's cache of pirated papers is so big, subscription journals are doomed, data analyst suggests" 16880: 16275: 15021: 15011: 14828: 14329: 14314: 14155: 13555: 13533: 7459: 5541: 5145:

Peters, Diane; Margoni, Thomas (10 March 2016). "Creative Commons Licenses: Empowering Open Access".

1526: 1514: 1506: 863: 702: 643: 292: 40: 15808: 9976: 9213:"Open access, readership, citations: a randomized controlled trial of scientific journal publishing" 8888:"Open access, readership, citations: a randomized controlled trial of scientific journal publishing" 7696: 7350: 6399: 474: 16112: 15837: 15191: 15006: 14919: 14365: 14334: 14319: 14309: 14206: 12576: 6115: 3892:"We've failed: Pirate black open access is trumping green and gold and we must change our approach" 3562:. SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 23–29. 2407: 2213: 2093: 2044: 1878: 1301: 1141: 1113:. By 2019, NARCIS provided access to 360,000 open access publications from all Dutch universities, 1072: 626: 492: 12788: 8318: 7417: 2152:

have been registered by over 100 research funders and 800 universities worldwide, compiled in the

1865:

period following the original date of publication. What is deposited can therefore vary, either a

16318: 16285: 16065: 15710: 15654: 14445: 14140: 12368:"Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science: A Longitudinal and Cross-Disciplinary Comparison" 12209:"Institutional Repositories, Open Access and Copyright: What Are the Practices and Implications?" 9142: 8538: 7437: 5571: 4418: 2298: 2025: 1882: 1597: 1354: 1321: 1313: 1293: 496: 60: 13505: 12177: 12134: 10431:

Nosek, Brian A.; Ebersole, Charles R.; DeHaven, Alexander C.; Mellor, David T. (12 March 2018).

10311: 9162: 658:; if the subscription revenue goal is met, the given journal's volume is published open access. 16762: 16645: 16391: 16360: 16176: 16080: 16058: 15750: 15466: 15422: 15140: 15130: 15031: 14981: 14864: 14470: 14405: 14395: 14385: 14375: 14370: 14237: 14078: 13984:, an "open-access, wiki-based, community-updated encyclopedia of OA factual lists" (started by 13610: 13594:

directive, "As of December 31, 2025, all agencies... must require immediate open access... The

10622:

Pawlik, Mateusz; Hütter, Thomas; Kocher, Daniel; Mann, Willi; Augsten, Nikolaus (1 July 2019).

8517: 7589:"Australian Open Access Support Group expands to become Australasian Open Access Support Group" 7345: 5597: 4794: 3776: 3592: 2352: 2323: 2253: 2243: 2233: 2223: 2218: 1993:

lists international publishers that allow the published version of articles to be deposited in

1968: 1909:

site maintains a list of the different publisher copyright and self-archiving policies and the

1858: 1541: 1375: 1347: 508:

licenses to allow reuse. The biggest drawback of many Open Access licenses is a prohibition on

14009: 12982:"OSTP Issues Guidance to Make Federally Funded Research Freely Available Without Delay | OSTP" 12429: 9361:"The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles" 8640:"The state of OA: A large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles" 8429: 8162:"The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles" 5150: 5131: 3362:"The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles" 16842: 16815: 16795: 16787: 16639: 16411: 15965: 15740: 15715: 15492: 15401: 15313: 15186: 15135: 14772: 14685: 14649: 14586: 14465: 14450: 14440: 14435: 14400: 14390: 14380: 14265: 12208: 11249:"'Predatory" Open Access: A Longitudinal Study of Article Volumes and Market Characteristics" 9963: 7809: 7683: 6386: 2372: 2318: 2303: 2293: 2288: 2248: 2238: 2228: 2200: 1763: 1713: 1708: 1681: 1289: 746: 172: 134: 13773: 12319:"Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: Strengths and Weaknesses" 9143:

Maximising the Return on the UK's Public Investment in Research – Open Access Archivangelism

7863:"Aaron Swartz to receive posthumous 'Freedom of Information' award for open access advocacy" 5302: 2689:"Degrees of secrecy in an open environment. The case of electronic theses and dissertations" 2032:(e.g., base-search.net). In addition, some repositories propose a specific API, such as the 16678: 16012: 15874: 15730: 15695: 15649: 15537: 15497: 15482: 14924: 14907: 14902: 14895: 14529: 14460: 14420: 14410: 14160: 13728: 13661: 13360:"Open Access Publishing Probabilities Based on Gender and Authorship Structures in Vietnam" 12508:. Vol. Connecting the Knowledge Commons: From Projects to Sustainable Infrastructure. 11592: 11356: 11072: 11008: 10841: 10444: 10111: 10041:"The impact factor of an open access journal does not contribute to an article's citations" 10003: 9951: 8841: 8393: 8349:"Proportion of Open Access Peer-Reviewed Papers at the European and World Levels—2004–2011" 8235: 8112: 6998: 6623: 6510: 4867: 4738: 4285: 3932: 3643: 3339:"Open choice vs open access: Why don't "hybrid" journals qualify for the open access fund?" 2784: 2443: 2357: 2313: 2268: 2258: 2125: 2048: 2021: 2001:(DOAJ) contains over 12,500 peer-reviewed open access journals for searching and browsing. 1964: 1742: 1502: 1309: 1305: 807: 373: 13863:"Accessibility, sustainability, excellence: how to expand access to research publications" 13497: 13488: 4910: 2688: 1877:, either immediately deposited or after several years. Repositories may be specific to an 8: 16801: 16489: 16484: 16171: 16085: 16027: 15960: 15289: 15216: 15150: 15036: 14787: 14623: 14232: 14099: 13008:"White House requires immediate public access to all U.S.-funded research papers by 2025" 11579:

Polka, Jessica K.; Kiley, Robert; Konforti, Boyana; Stern, Bodo; Vale, Ronald D. (2018).

5502:"Influence of open access journals on the research community in Journal Citation Reports" 3099: 2149: 2120: 2116: 2075: 2005: 1801: 1435: 1222: 1082: 976: 800: 551: 525: 500: 450: 440: 362: 342: 165: 81: 13927: 13732: 13665: 12317:

Falagas, Matthew E.; Pitsouni, Eleni I.; Malietzis, George A.; Pappas, Georgios (2008).

11596: 11360: 11135: 11076: 11012: 10845: 10448: 10382:"Technical and social issues influencing the adoption of preprints in the life sciences" 10115: 10007: 9955: 8845: 8397: 8239: 8116: 7810:"The Library Publishing Coalition: organizing libraries to enhance scholarly publishing" 7002: 6627: 6514: 4871: 4742: 4289: 3647: 2846: 2788: 341:

invention", and publishing in hybrid OA journals often do not qualify for funding under

161: 16768: 16092: 15889: 15700: 15336: 15308: 15072: 14853: 14730: 14634: 14211: 14135: 13718: 13684: 13649: 13559: 13465: 13422: 13335: 13302: 13282: 13057: 12390: 12348: 12299: 12281: 12239: 12086:"Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing" 11897: 11872: 11848: 11813: 11702: 11556: 11531: 11453: 11426: 11325: 11275: 11248: 11229: 11116: 11040: 10931: 10896: 10872: 10829: 10805: 10778: 10708: 10656: 10623: 10599: 10564: 10539: 10504: 10475: 10432: 10408: 10381: 10350: 10298: 10241: 10206: 10171: 10075: 10040: 9941: 9890: 9842: 9807: 9783: 9748: 9729: 9620: 9596:"Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial" 9595: 9557: 9488: 9453: 9395: 9360: 9315: 9244: 9125: 9107: 9063: 9018: 8986:"Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial" 8985: 8925: 8865: 8831: 8792: 8757: 8666: 8639: 8581: 8545:"Meta-Research: Evaluating the impact of open access policies on research institutions" 8544: 8487: 8460: 8258: 8223: 8196: 8161: 8057: 8030: 7275: 7248: 7029: 6986: 6826: 6731: 6680: 6649: 6587: 6560: 6533: 6498: 6441: 6414: 6350: 6325: 6060: 6011: 5961: 5914: 5887: 5655: 5523: 5090: 5043: 5016: 4997: 4941: 4891: 4762: 4590: 4572: 4557: 4505: 4449:"Hecho En Latinoamérica. Acceso Abierto, Revistas Académicas e Innovaciones Regionales" 4314: 4273: 4074: 4026: 3991: 3811: 3685: 3558:Öchsner, A. (2013). "Publishing Companies, Publishing Fees, and Open Access Journals". 3482: 3457: 3388: 3361: 3314: 3287: 3068: 2971: 2944: 2815: 2770: 2367: 1717:

Increasing transparency of peer review and quality control includes posting results to

1443: 1211: 1102: 1027: 770: 611: 607: 314:

on the publisher-authored copyrightable portions of the printed version of an article.

13641: 12514: 11952: 9454:"The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review" 7892: 7249:"The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review" 3531:

Machovec, George (2013). "An Interview with Jeffrey Beall on Open Access Publishing".

1981:

There are various open access aggregators that list open access journals or articles.

1921:

Uneven coverage of journals in the major commercial citation index databases (such as

463: 16837: 16561: 16546: 16166: 16032: 15982: 15977: 15756: 15644: 15611: 15432: 15353: 15228: 15082: 15026: 14725: 14695: 14281: 14115: 14017: 13989: 13841: 13812: 13804:

Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing

13689: 13620: 13514: 13469: 13457: 13441: 13426: 13414: 13340: 13322: 13286: 13274: 13266: 13209: 13138: 13130: 13092: 13076: 13061: 13049: 13033: 12727: 12684: 12648: 12425: 12394: 12340: 12231: 12117: 11960: 11902: 11853: 11835: 11748: 11706: 11610: 11561: 11458: 11374: 11280: 11221: 11213: 11165: 11157: 11120: 11108: 11100: 11044: 11032: 11024: 10977: 10936: 10918: 10877: 10859: 10810: 10713: 10661: 10643: 10604: 10586: 10544: 10526: 10480: 10462: 10413: 10334: 10303: 10285: 10246: 10228: 10175: 10129: 10080: 10062: 10021: 9882: 9847: 9829: 9788: 9770: 9733: 9721: 9713: 9625: 9561: 9549: 9541: 9493: 9475: 9400: 9382: 9284: 9248: 9236: 9217: 9067: 9023: 9005: 8963: 8955: 8929: 8917: 8909: 8857: 8797: 8779: 8671: 8586: 8568: 8492: 8411: 8263: 8201: 8183: 8062: 7831: 7363: 7280: 7034: 7016: 6924: 6818: 6641: 6592: 6538: 6446: 6355: 6295:"Is it True that Most Open Access Journals Do Not Charge an APC? Sort of. It Depends" 6064: 6052: 5919: 5527: 5465: 5432: 5422: 5285:

Open Access Survey: Exploring the Views of Taylor & Francis and Routledge Authors

5146: 5127: 5094: 5048: 4883: 4839: 4766: 4754: 4629: 4509: 4497: 4370: 4319: 4301: 4192: 4150: 4115: 4078: 4066: 4031: 4013: 3960: 3952: 3913: 3872: 3816: 3798: 3757: 3689: 3677: 3669: 3604: 3571: 3487: 3393: 3319: 3060: 3009: 2976: 2883: 2820: 2802: 2633: 2589: 1890: 1874: 1787: 1438:

reported that 50% of a random sample of all articles published in 2011 as indexed by

1250: 1177: 831: 651: 207: 176: 123: 84:

open access, barriers to copying or reuse are also reduced or removed by applying an

13781: 13156: 12832: 12303: 12243: 11507:

Silver, Andrew (2017). "Pay-to-View Blacklist of Predatory Journals Set to Launch".

11233: 11020: 10354: 10207:"A multi-disciplinary perspective on emergent and future innovations in peer review" 9909: 9894: 9129: 8869: 7606:"Creative Commons Australia partners with Australasian Open Access Strategy Group". 6735: 6200:"Introducing the Free Journal Network – community-controlled open access publishing" 6015: 5965: 5659: 5001: 4945: 4895: 4094:"Scholarly Sharing via Twitter: #icanhazpdf Requests for Health Sciences Literature" 3072: 2554:. Bibliographic data from Scopus represents more than 36% of assessment criteria in 126:: whereas a teacher of English literature can substitute in her class a copyrighted 35: 16738: 16730: 16658: 16355: 16295: 16048: 15934: 15924: 15909: 15879: 15745: 15659: 15381: 15303: 15238: 15092: 15087: 15001: 14777: 14270: 14130: 13753: 13679: 13669: 13599: 13449: 13404: 13371: 13330: 13314: 13258: 13199: 13122: 13084: 13041: 12717: 12509: 12382: 12330: 12291: 12223: 12017: 11892: 11884: 11843: 11825: 11743: 11733: 11694: 11600: 11551: 11543: 11512: 11448: 11438: 11405: 11364: 11329: 11315: 11307: 11270: 11260: 11205: 11147: 11090: 11080: 11016: 10967: 10926: 10908: 10867: 10849: 10800: 10790: 10756: 10703: 10693: 10651: 10635: 10594: 10576: 10534: 10521: 10516: 10470: 10452: 10403: 10393: 10342: 10293: 10277: 10236: 10223: 10218: 10163: 10119: 10070: 10057: 10052: 10011: 9874: 9837: 9819: 9778: 9760: 9708: 9703: 9691: 9615: 9607: 9536: 9531: 9519: 9483: 9465: 9390: 9372: 9274: 9226: 9117: 9059: 9055: 9013: 8997: 8899: 8849: 8787: 8769: 8661: 8651: 8594: 8576: 8558: 8482: 8472: 8401: 8298: 8290: 8253: 8243: 8191: 8173: 8120: 8052: 8042: 7951:"Journal's Editorial Board Resigns in Protest of Publisher's Policy Toward Authors" 7821: 7671: 7634: 7355: 7270: 7260: 7161:"The Life and Death of an Open Access Journal: Q&A with Librarian Marcus Banks" 7024: 7006: 6891: 6883: 6830: 6808: 6800: 6723: 6690: 6653: 6631: 6582: 6572: 6528: 6518: 6477: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6374: 6345: 6337: 6154: 6079: 6042: 6003: 5953: 5909: 5899: 5866: 5819: 5682: 5678: 5647: 5620: 5513: 5262: 5226: 5218: 5177: 5082: 5038: 5028: 4987: 4933: 4925: 4875: 4829: 4746: 4705: 4594: 4582: 4536: 4487: 4360: 4350: 4309: 4293: 4251: 4142: 4105: 4058: 4021: 4008: 4003: 3944: 3903: 3862: 3806: 3788: 3747: 3659: 3651: 3563: 3540: 3513: 3477: 3469: 3431: 3383: 3373: 3309: 3299: 3175: 3126:"Leveraging Elsevier's Creative Commons License Requirement to Undermine Embargoes" 3052: 3001: 2966: 2958: 2913: 2865: 2810: 2792: 2675: 2382: 2157: 2136: 2055: 1793: 1726: 1692: 1246: 1077: 619: 521: 505: 385: 285: 203: 96: 13962: 12352: 12227: 12105: 11698: 11629: 10761: 10744: 9642: 9594:

Davis, P. M; Lewenstein, B. V; Simon, D. H; Booth, J. G; Connolly, M. J L (2008).

9470: 8140: 7667: 7623:"Removing the Barriers to Research: An Introduction to Open Access for Librarians" 7566: 7265: 5209:

Morrison, Heather (2017). "From the Field: Elsevier as an Open Access Publisher".

4879: 1933:) has strong effects on evaluating both researchers and institutions (e.g. the UK 1057:

are roughly twice as likely to read a relevant article if it is freely available.

16781: 16603: 16593: 16569: 16506: 16372: 16328: 16229: 15929: 15914: 15720: 15517: 15507: 15454: 15437: 15363: 15077: 15067: 14976: 14960: 14945: 14857: 14823: 14818: 14782: 14670: 14524: 14491: 13802: 13742:"Electronic Journals, Prestige, and the Economics of Academic Journal Publishing" 13674: 13357: 12607: 12555: 12535: 12528: 12398: 12164: 12141: 12112: 12092: 12072: 12021: 11990: 11830: 10913: 10854: 10398: 9765: 9649: 9581: 9342: 9169: 9149: 8709: 8248: 8086: 8004: 7795: 7777: 7757: 7738: 7477:"Open and closed access scholarly publications in NARCIS per year of publication" 7463: 7444: 7424: 7011: 6577: 6523: 5033: 4750: 3948: 3005: 2797: 2397: 1850: 1767: 1718: 1639: 1638:

A main reason authors make their articles openly accessible is to maximize their

1628: 1569:

Some professional organizations have encouraged use of open access: in 2001, the

1557: 1156: 1145: 923: 795: 676: 667: 618:

its reproduction to the publisher. Retention of copyright by authors can support

529: 377: 338: 219: 119: 14555: 13376: 13359: 13228: 12921:"Science-Journal Publishers Take Fight Against Open-Access Policies to Congress" 11369: 11344: 6482: 6466:"Preprints in Scholarly Communication: Re-Imagining Metrics and Infrastructures" 6465: 5871: 5854: 4256: 4240:"Preprints in Scholarly Communication: Re-Imagining Metrics and Infrastructures" 4239: 3567: 1280:

Many open access projects involve international collaboration. For example, the

987: 468:) refers to free online access, to read, free of charge, without re-use rights. 16686: 16457: 16440: 16377: 16350: 16333: 16022: 15955: 15919: 15899: 15669: 15639: 15575: 15542: 15512: 15461: 15348: 15343: 14808: 14735: 14534: 14519: 14227: 13551: 13529: 13453: 13318: 13262: 13188:"Developing strategies to ensure compliance with funders' open access policies" 13126: 13088: 13045: 11605: 11580: 11085: 11060: 10639: 10346: 10016: 9991: 9574: 8540: 5267: 5250: 4929: 4476:"The (ir)rational consideration of the cost of science in transition economies" 3436: 3419: 2962: 2169: 2112: 2097: 2047:

to foster open access, and developed the open-source journal publishing system

2013: 1960: 1922: 1843: 1522: 1518: 1510: 1431: 1300:(RePEc), is a collaborative effort of over 100 volunteers in 45 countries. The 1254: 1173: 1031: 957: 927: 818: 791: 754: 709: 647: 402: 389: 381: 369: 303: 274: 139: 107: 13493: 12386: 12295: 11516: 11443: 11311: 11265: 11209: 10167: 8853: 8294: 8125: 8100: 7710: 6804: 6158: 5784: 5728: 5651: 5086: 4492: 4475: 4365: 4062: 3180: 3163: 16864: 16776: 16743: 16541: 16521: 16472: 16149: 16129: 16070: 15987: 15884: 15725: 15532: 15502: 15386: 15371: 15112: 14955: 14890: 14848: 14690: 14618: 13895:"Open access: All human knowledge is there—so why can't everybody access it?" 13702: 13418: 13326: 13270: 13213: 13134: 12846: 12731: 12722: 12705: 12235: 12130: 11979: 11888: 11839: 11738: 11721: 11217: 11161: 11104: 11028: 10981: 10922: 10863: 10647: 10590: 10530: 10466: 10289: 10232: 10066: 9886: 9833: 9808:"Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact" 9774: 9717: 9545: 9479: 9386: 9288: 9266: 9009: 8959: 8913: 8861: 8783: 8572: 8187: 7835: 7020: 6928: 6822: 6727: 6497:

Bourne, Philip E.; Polka, Jessica K.; Vale, Ronald D.; Kiley, Robert (2017).

6056: 5729:"APCs—Mirroring the Impact Factor or Legacy of the Subscription-Based Model?" 5436: 4758: 4694:"From Coalition to Commons: Plan S and the Future of Scholarly Communication" 4541: 4524: 4374: 4305: 4154: 4119: 4070: 4017: 3956: 3917: 3876: 3802: 3761: 3752: 3735: 3673: 3608: 3064: 3056: 2806: 2009: 1676: 1427: 1285: 1050: 571: 489:

Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities

199: 11485: 11392:

Olivarez, Joseph; Bales, Stephen; Sare, Laura; Vanduinkerken, Wyoma (2018).

10972: 10955: 10698: 10581: 10457: 10281: 9824: 9267:"Who needs access to research? Exploring the societal impact of open access" 7622: 7476: 6413:

Neylon, Cameron; Pattinson, Damian; Bilder, Geoffrey; Lin, Jennifer (2017).

6378: 6341: 6047: 5126:

Frosio, Giancarlo F. (2014). "Open Access Publishing: A Literature Review".

4834: 4817: 4274:"The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship" 4146: 3655: 3473: 1699:(DORA) alongside fundamental changes in the scholarly communication system. 1149: 1137:

renamed the Australasian Open Access Support Group. It was then renamed the

16748: 16724: 16691: 16672: 16653: 16608: 16581: 16574: 16556: 16494: 16270: 16224: 16219: 16122: 16107: 15950: 15145: 15107: 15041: 14940: 14740: 14720: 14675: 14590: 14539: 14509: 14021: 13758: 13741: 13693: 13510: 13461: 13344: 13278: 13142: 13096: 13053: 12445:"Clarivate Analytics will provide citation data during REF 2021 - REF 2021" 12344: 12085: 11951: 11906: 11857: 11614: 11565: 11530:

Strinzel, Michaela; Severin, Anna; Milzow, Katrin; Egger, Matthias (2019).

11462: 11378: 11284: 11225: 11169: 11112: 11036: 10940: 10881: 10814: 10717: 10665: 10608: 10548: 10484: 10417: 10307: 10250: 10133: 10084: 10025: 9992:"Let's Move beyond the Rhetoric: It's Time to Change How We Judge Research" 9851: 9792: 9725: 9629: 9553: 9497: 9404: 9240: 9152:. Openaccess.eprints.org (14 September 2005). Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 9027: 8967: 8921: 8801: 8675: 8590: 8496: 8415: 8267: 8205: 8066: 7367: 7284: 7038: 6913:"Scientific Journal Publishing: Yearly Volume and Open Access Availability" 6645: 6596: 6542: 6450: 6359: 5923: 5696:"Developing an Effective Market for Open Access Article Processing Charges" 5052: 4843: 4501: 4323: 4035: 3964: 3820: 3681: 3517: 3491: 3397: 3323: 2980: 2824: 1990: 1906: 1730: 1632: 1218: 1038: 895: 835: 717: 567: 446: 311: 191: 85: 13993: 13830:

The Access Principle: The Case for Open Access to Research and Scholarship

13772:

on open access by Richard Poynder, a freelance journalist, who has done a

13516:

Policy guidelines for the development and promotion of open access

12422: 12335: 12318: 11547: 8598: 8141:

Open Design-Based Strategies to Enhance Appropriate Technology Development

8079: 7750: 7113: 6031:"International disparities in open access practices in the Earth Sciences" 6030: 5360:"The Sustainability of Open Access Publishing Models Past a Tipping Point" 5222: 4992: 4975: 4911:"RoMEO Studies 4: An Analysis of Journal Publishers" Copyright Agreements" 4887: 4297: 3544: 2470: 2012:

or those specialized for the scholarly and scientific literature, such as

1873:, either the author's refereed and revised final draft or the publisher's 1405:

Ratios of article access types for different subjects (averaged 2009–2015)

1030:

and most can only afford a small fraction of them – this is known as the "

782:

system, diminishing the overall quality of scientific journal publishing.

76:) is a set of principles and a range of practices through which nominally 16716: 16516: 16401: 16290: 16265: 16253: 16234: 16117: 16097: 16007: 15904: 15705: 15522: 15376: 15165: 15102: 15097: 14950: 14914: 14792: 14639: 13985: 13606: 13591: 13587: 11873:"Preprints: What Role do These Have in Communicating Scientific Results?" 11152: 9231: 9212: 8904: 8887: 7639: 4336: 3458:"Diamond Open Access in the quest for interdisciplinarity and excellence" 2994:

Eve, Martin Paul (3 December 2023). "Introduction, or why open access?".

2771:"National differences in dissemination and use of open access literature" 1975:, and other aspects of open access provision and open access publishing. 1265: 964: 779: 774: 671:

publishers that started up as open access-only publishers, such as PLOS,

574:

has brought to light a number of controversial and hotly-debated topics.

509: 423:

literature. This has been done via existing social media sites (e.g. the

195: 92: 20: 13706: 13409: 13392: 13358:

Gemma Derrick; Alesia Ann Zuccala; Georgiana Turculet (5 October 2021).

11410: 11393: 11320: 11095: 10795: 9690:

Clayson, Peter E.; Baldwin, Scott A.; Larson, Michael J. (1 June 2021).

9518:

Clayson, Peter E.; Baldwin, Scott A.; Larson, Michael J. (1 June 2021).

8774: 8563: 8047: 6896: 6813: 6711: 6415:"On the Origin of Nonequivalent States: How We Can Talk about Preprints" 4937: 3793: 3040: 2860:

Morrison, Heather (31 December 2018). "Dramatic Growth of Open Access".

2550:

Publications in journals listed in the WoS has a large effect on the UK

2524: 1810: 803:

crowdsources funding in order to make monographs available open access.

491:. The re-use rights of libre OA are often specified by various specific 16809: 16696: 16313: 15894: 15585: 15487: 13800: 13615:(The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: 13077:"Will the Gates Foundation's preprint-centric policy help open access?" 11983: 11722:"Practicing What You Preach: Evaluating Access of Open Access Research" 11676: 11674: 9377: 9279: 8656: 8178: 7359: 6852:, Stevan Harnad, J. Britt Holbrook, Carl Mitcham, Macmillan Reference, 6850:

Ethics, Science, Technology, and Engineering: An International Resource

5904: 5851: 5231: 4355: 4338: 3378: 3304: 2869: 2342: 2129: 1781: 1664: 1592: 1176:. Open access provides a complement to library access services such as 1046: 1042: 915: 517: 424: 154: 111: 15258: 13538:

Athena Unbound: Why and How Scholarly Knowledge Should Be Free for All

9878: 9663: 9419: 9121: 8477: 7427:. Openaccess.eprints.org (2 March 2008). Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 6887: 6876:

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology

6845: 6007: 5957: 5624: 5613:

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology

5182: 4586: 4555: 3908: 3891: 3867: 3850: 3664: 2738:"Terms and conditions for the use and redistribution of Sentinel data" 2664:

https://www.emed.theclinics.com/article/S0733-8627(24)00041-5/abstract

1442:

were freely accessible online by the end of 2012. A 2017 study by the

16710: 16511: 16462: 16445: 16383: 16365: 16139: 16053: 15606: 15449: 15160: 14745: 14514: 14150: 13837: 13650:"The Development of Open Access Journal Publishing from 1993 to 2009" 13616: 13567: 13563: 13541: 13204: 13187: 11995:

The Culture of Periodicals from the Perspective of the Electronic Age

11782: 9611: 9001: 8722: 8613:"Institutions' open access over time: Evolution of green and gold OA" 8508: 8506: 8303: 8007:. Taxpayeraccess.org (29 October 2011). Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 7826: 5518: 5501: 5456: 4710: 4693: 4271: 2387: 2101: 2037: 1870: 1168: 983: 938:

includes zero-length embargoes on self-archiving as a key principle.

827: 663: 546: 541: 457:

definition to distinguish between free to read versus free to reuse.

318: 215: 150: 142: 115: 77: 13642:

Transforming access to research literature for developing countries.

12157: 12065: 11683:"Open Access to Publications to Expand Participation in Archaeology" 11671: 10124: 10099: 9271:

Revue française des sciences de l'information et de la communication

9190: 9185:

Committee on Electronic Information and Communication (CEIC) of the

8406: 8381: 6695: 6668: 6636: 6611: 5165: 4110: 4093: 3597:

The IJournal: Graduate Student Journal of the Faculty of Information

3509: 3251: 3249: 2634:"Policy guidelines for the development and promotion of open access" 1945:

emerged as a suitable outside-paywalls universal academic database.

407: 16598: 16531: 16467: 16280: 16258: 16154: 16102: 15860: 15679: 15674: 15601: 15391: 15243: 14644: 14304: 14145: 13723: 13575: 13442:"Open-access publishing fees deter researchers in the global south" 12286: 11194: 11136:"Hijacked Journals: An Emerging Challenge for Scholarly Publishing" 9946: 9112: 8836: 8217: 8215: 7675: 6912: 6685: 6561:"On the Value of Preprints: An Early Career Researcher Perspective" 2775: 1942: 1902: 1866: 1660: 1643: 1530: 1258: 953: 919: 900: 842: 823: 630: 513: 146: 13229:"Compliance with the first funder open access policy in Australia" 12789:"Re: Savings from Converting to On-Line-Only: 30%- or 70%+ ?" 12095:. Association of Research Libraries. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 9320: 8503: 8461:"A Study of Innovative Features in Scholarly Open Access Journals" 8224:"Open Access to the Scientific Journal Literature: Situation 2009" 7397:"DFID Research: DFID's Policy Opens up a World of Global Research" 4577: 3992:"Looking into Pandora's Box: The Content of Sci-Hub and its Usage" 2497: 532:, since the patent documents are not subject to copyright at all. 88:

for copyright, which regulates post-publication uses of the work.

16551: 16345: 16338: 16203: 15999: 15616: 15580: 15527: 15170: 14654: 14349: 14120: 9867:

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

9664:"The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date" 9420:"The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date" 9100:

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

7997: 7506: 6844:

Harnad, Stevan (2015), Holbrook, J. Britt; Mitcham, Carl (eds.),

5946:

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

5823: 4661:

Aguado-López, Eduardo; Becerril-Garcia, Arianna (8 August 2019).

4565:

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

4558:"Estimating Open Access Mandate Effectiveness: The MELIBEA Score" 3246: 2063: 2017: 1806: 1620: 1346:

This section should include a summary of, or be summarized in,

1106: 1086: 1053:, or an interested layperson. Indeed, a 2008 study revealed that 874: 615: 428: 420: 412: 12538:. Earlham.edu (13 September 2011). Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 12158:

SHERPA/RoMEO – Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving

10149:"The Royal Society and the Prehistory of Peer Review, 1665–1965" 8212: 7760:. Southern Cross University Library. Retrieved on 14 March 2014. 7218:"Reasoning and Interest: Clustering Open Access - LePublikateur" 1540:(ROAR) indexes the creation, location and growth of open access 1529:

made many such articles available as Open Access, while others (

1399: 1312:(OJS), which is now in use around the world, for example by the 598: 186:

Whereas non-open access journals cover publishing costs through

16526: 16478: 16247: 15664: 15427: 15417: 14700: 14324: 14030: 13766: 13579: 13571: 9048:"Attention! A study of open access vs non-open access articles" 8319:"Open access to research publications reaching 'tipping point'" 6669:"Reproducibility in Research: Systems, Infrastructure, Culture" 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 3774: 2059: 1930: 1926: 1798: 1759: 1691:

typically call on a broader adoption and implementation of the

1688: 1485: 1439: 1281: 935: 583: 211: 14036: 13303:"Gender Differences in Authorship of Critical Care Literature" 12758:"RCUK Open Access Block Grant analysis - Research Councils UK" 12633:"BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine | What is BASE?" 12316: 11391: 9938: 7507:"Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions (COAPI) – SPARC" 4856: 4724: 4628:. Publications Office of the European Union. 30 January 2019. 3633: 3100:"Subject Guides: Copyright: Keeping Control of Your Copyright" 1916: 1821: 967:

standards of quality while also making the following changes:

862:

preprints come with a form of permanent identifier, usually a

252: 16615: 16211: 15735: 15396: 13583: 13034:"EU council's 'no pay' publishing model draws mixed response" 8549: 7084:"Global scientific community commits to sharing data on Zika" 6955: 4523:

Ross-Hellauer, Tony; Schmidt, Birgit; Kramer, Bianca (2018).

3507: 2100:(PMC) within 12 months of publication. In 2022, US President 2033: 1886: 1476:

impose charges on authors, a growing majority of open access

1385: 870: 822:

Typical publishing workflow for an academic journal article (

750: 739: 267: 13782:"Wikimedia and Open Access — a rich history of interactions" 10953: 10745:"A Layered Framework for Considering Open Science Practices" 10203: 9907: 9451: 9358: 9336:

The culture of Open Access: researchers' views and responses

8637: 8159: 7731: 7668:"Capturing the Benefits of Open Access in Interlibrary Loan" 7246: 6960:

Departmental Technical Report. UK FE and HE Funding Councils

6558: 6499:"Ten simple rules to consider regarding preprint submission" 6264:"A Reality Check on Author Access to Open Access Publishing" 5937:

Pinfield, Stephen; Salter, Jennifer; Bath, Peter A. (2016).

4909:

Gadd, Elizabeth; Oppenheim, Charles; Probets, Steve (2003).

4173: 3777:"Sci-Hub provides access to nearly all scholarly literature" 3359: 2768: 2193: 1221:

was posthumously awarded the American Library Association's

693: 625:

The most common licenses used in open access publishing are

15829: 15444: 15046: 13769: 13550:, vol. LXX, no. 20 (21 December 2023), pp. 73–74. Reviewer 12706:"A survey of scholarly journals using open journal systems" 12600:"Research Guides: Open Access: Finding Open Access Content" 12548: 11424: 11057: 10779:"Point of View: How Open Science Helps Researchers Succeed" 9575:

Online or Invisible? Steve Lawrence; NEC Research Institute

8702: 8221: 7418:

How To Integrate University and Funder Open Access Mandates

7331:"Diffusion of Treatment Research: Does Open Access Matter?" 4660: 1986: 1839: 1751: 848: 721: 680: 13977: 13307:

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

12503: 12135:"Re: when did the Open Access movement "officially" begin" 11529: 10430: 9643:

Effect of OA on citation impact: a bibliography of studies

9347:

Open access: key strategic, technical and economic aspects

7456: 6028: 5281: 4522: 2743:. No. version 1.0. European Space Agency. July 2014. 1320:

and the necessary open access to relevant information for

745:

Charges typically range from $ 1,000–$ 3,000 ($ 5,380 for

16588: 13647: 13598:

leaders took a similar stand on May 14, 2023, as did the

12084:

Ann Shumelda Okerson and James J. O'Donnell (eds). 1995.

9593: 8983: 6917:

Information Research: An International Electronic Journal

6230:"Is the EU's open access plan a tremor or an earthquake?" 5166:"The Changing Copyright Landscape in Academic Publishing" 1898: 1505:

has the largest percentage of OA publications, while the

1002: 971:

Rather than making journal articles accessible through a

555: 273:

Number of gold and hybrid open access journals listed in

16665:

The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

12568: 12028: 12006: 11959:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 9–10. 11814:"Preprints in medical research: Progress and principles" 10994: 10775: 9910:"On the Relationship between Open Access and Altmetrics" 9747:

Eysenbach, Gunther (16 May 2006). Tenopir, Carol (ed.).

8754: 8422: 6412: 2154:

Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies

1913:

database hosts an index of the repositories themselves.

1138: 91:

The main focus of the open access movement has been on "

13739: 13595: 13513:

work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA. Text taken from

12207:

Dawson, Patricia H.; Yang, Sharon Q. (1 October 2016).

11984:"The Green Road to Open Access: A Leveraged Transition" 11682: 11630:"The Open Access Irony Awards: Naming and shaming them" 11578: 11297: 10678: 10561: 9313: 6985:

Ottaviani, Jim (22 August 2016). Bornmann, Lutz (ed.).

6911:

Bjork, Bo-Christer; Roos, Annikki; Lauri, Mari (2009).

5458:

Gold Open Access 2013-2018: Articles in Journals (GOA4)

712:

or employer. While the payments are typically incurred

13776:

with a few of the leaders of the open access movement.

13299: 12506:

22nd International Conference on Electronic Publishing

12034: 10621: 10335:"Peer-review experiments tracked in online repository" 10038: 6667:

Crick, Tom; Hall, Benjamin A.; Ishtiaq, Samin (2017).

5813: 5248: 4822:

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

4727:"The growth of open access publishing in geochemistry" 2160:

can help authors manage sharing between repositories.

697:

Article processing charges by gold OA journals in DOAJ

14345:

Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition

14026: 13390: 12829:"Recommendations For UK Open-Access Provision Policy" 11997:, pp. 99–105, L'Harmattan. Retrieved 3 December 2011. 10743:

Bowman, Nicholas David; Keene, Justin Robert (2018).

9864: 9584:. Citeseer.ist.psu.edu. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 7732:

Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition

6372: 3039:

Gadd, Elizabeth; Troll Covey, Denise (1 March 2019).

1193:

Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition

122:. The main difference between these two groups is in 12878:. Roarmap.eprints.org. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 12121:, 21(9), October 2004. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 9689: 9517: 8513: 7537:"Good practices for university open-access policies" 6554: 6552: 6496: 5388:"How Much Do Top Publishers Charge for Open Access?" 4908: 4786: 4549: 4265: 4098:

Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association

3224:"Wellcome Trust and COAF Open Access Spend, 2014-15" 602:

Licenses used by gold and hybrid OA journals in DOAJ

14004:

OASPA: Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association

13801:Okerson, Ann; O'Donnell, James (Eds.) (June 1995). 13700: 9806:Björk, Bo-Christer; Solomon, David (17 July 2012). 9685: 9683: 9681: 4818:"Take Another Look at the Instructions for Authors" 3593:"Is Diamond Open Access the Future of Open Access?" 761:", where both authors and subscribers are charged. 388:. There are now over 350 platinum OA journals with 164:to open access publishing, especially, if they use 13562:publishers are gouging their customers, scholarly 13068: 12831:. Ecs.soton.ac.uk. 5 November 1998. Archived from 9652:. Opcit.eprints.org. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 8019:. Eprints.rclis.org. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 7447:. Theregister.co.uk. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 5936: 4976:"Copyright Contradictions in Scholarly Publishing" 4516: 4389:"European Commission embraces the FAIR principles" 2168:from 27% to 91% (averaging 67%). From March 2021, 1547: 258:Number of gold open access journals listed in the 175:, which has been the main form of distribution of 149:poisoning can not substitute the most recent, but 14585: 13998:Simmons School of Library and Information Science 13186:Pontika, Nancy; Rozenberga, Dace (5 March 2015). 13185: 12704:Edgar, Brian D.; Willinsky, John (14 June 2010). 9097: 8712:. Roar.eprints.org. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 8101:"The case for open source appropriate technology" 6549: 5604: 4780: 4778: 4776: 1825:Number of open access repositories listed in the 606:Subscription-based publishing typically requires 138:without a detrimental effect on the students, an 16862: 13532:, "The Dream of a Universal Library" (review of 13519:, 45-48, Swan, Alma, UNESCO. UNESCO. 12689:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 12653:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 12635:. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016 12365: 11134:Dadkhah, Mehdi; Borchardt, Glenn (1 June 2016). 11133: 10624:"A Link is not Enough – Reproducibility of Data" 9678: 6716:Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 6666: 6463: 5720: 5249:Pablo Alperin, Juan; Rozemblum, Cecilia (2017). 4237: 4219: 4207: 3045:Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 2676:https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja01327a064 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 1697:San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment 95:research literature", and more specifically on 13826: 12627: 12625: 12271: 11061:"Predatory journals: no definition, no defence" 10769: 10505:"What is open peer review? A systematic review" 10437:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 9932: 9636: 8155: 8153: 7300:"Periodicals Price Survey 2005: Choosing Sides" 7297:Van Orsdel, Lee C. & Born, Kathleen. 2005. 6709: 5244: 5242: 4525:"Are Funder Open Access Platforms a Good Idea?" 4092:Swab, Michelle; Romme, Kristen (1 April 2016). 3038: 1955:Scientific journal § Electronic publishing 16:Research publications distributed freely online 13227:Kirkman, Noreen; Haddow, Gaby (15 June 2020). 12952:"Publishers Blast New Open Access Bill, FASTR" 12703: 12310: 12000: 11765:"How ironic are the open access irony awards?" 11523: 11418: 11385: 11336: 10947: 8821: 7329:Hardisty, David J.; Haaga, David A.F. (2008). 7143: 7141: 7139: 6910: 6366: 6317: 4967: 4773: 1187:have produced a Statement on Open Access. The 15845: 15274: 14571: 14052: 13740:Tötösy; de Zepetnek, S.; Joshua, Jia (2014). 13226: 12811:American Scientist Open Access Forum Archives 12671:. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016 12475:"World University Rankings 2019: methodology" 12359: 12265: 12167:. Sherpa.ac.uk. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 12148:, 27 June 2007. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 10897:"Reliable novelty: New should not trump true" 10672: 10502: 10380:Penfold, Naomi C.; Polka, Jessica K. (2020). 10091: 8750: 8748: 8703:"Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR)" 7438:Dutch academics declare research free-for-all 7328: 6956:"Open Access Self-Archiving: An Author Study" 6846:"Open access: what, where, when, how and why" 6710:Gadd, Elizabeth; Troll Covey, Denise (2019). 5930: 5807: 5454: 5202: 5144: 4850: 4809: 3417: 2918:National Center for Biotechnology Information 2888:National Center for Biotechnology Information 2693:ESSACHESS – Journal for Communication Studies 2686: 2572: 2175: 1832: 1197:Association of College and Research Libraries 686: 516:studies of various technologies performed by 14300:Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association 13509: This article incorporates text from a 13116: 13110: 12622: 12449:Higher Education Funding Council for England 12416: 11500: 11291: 10736: 10379: 10140: 9805: 9749:"Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles" 8758:"How open science helps researchers succeed" 8150: 7466:. Narcis.info. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 6612:"Does It Take Too Long to Publish Research?" 6603: 6490: 6457: 6406: 5855:"Ten Hot Topics around Scholarly Publishing" 5637: 5610: 5239: 5008: 4685: 4441: 3933:"Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone" 3705:"Diamond Open Access, Societies and Mission" 3418:Fuchs, Christian; Sandoval, Marisol (2013). 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 2987: 2942: 2378:Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association 982:Rather than applying traditional notions of 485:Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing 13252: 13246: 12497: 12366:Harzing, Anne-Wil; Alakangas, Satu (2016). 11572: 10742: 9983: 9587: 8379: 8105:Environment, Development and Sustainability 7974:"My short stint on the JLA Editorial Board" 7136: 7120:. Australasian Medical Publishing Company. 6873: 6660: 5879: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5726: 5666: 5059: 3510:OA Diamond Journals Study. Part 1: Findings 3162:Laakso, Mikael; Björk, Bo-Christer (2016). 3161: 2498:"The Leiden Manifesto for Research Metrics" 1917:Representativeness in proprietary databases 1162: 15852: 15838: 15281: 15267: 14578: 14564: 14059: 14045: 13892: 13746:CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 12206: 12059: 11240: 10146: 9163:Can Researchers Bank on Citation Analysis? 8745: 8452: 8436:. Max Planck Gesellschaft. 27 April 2015. 7807: 7798:. Carl-abrc.ca. Retrieved on 12 June 2013. 6947: 6703: 6144: 6138: 5987: 5688: 5631: 5275: 5157: 5068:"Academic Freedom: A Lawyer's Perspective" 4902: 4616: 2716:"Directory of Open Access Books Goes Live" 2043:In 1998, several universities founded the 1901:archives in the 1980s (later harvested by 1208:Canadian Association of Research Libraries 1085:, and others are on the way to do so (see 1066: 773:. Steps are normally taken to ensure that 427:hashtag) as well as dedicated sites (e.g. 145:treating a patient for a life-threatening 13757: 13722: 13683: 13673: 13640:Kirsop, Barbara, and Leslie Chan. (2005) 13408: 13375: 13334: 13203: 13031: 12890:"PRISM – a new lobby against open access" 12721: 12522: 12513: 12334: 12285: 11896: 11847: 11829: 11747: 11737: 11604: 11555: 11452: 11442: 11409: 11368: 11319: 11274: 11264: 11246: 11198:Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology 11151: 11094: 11084: 10971: 10930: 10912: 10871: 10853: 10804: 10794: 10760: 10707: 10697: 10655: 10598: 10580: 10538: 10520: 10474: 10456: 10407: 10397: 10297: 10240: 10222: 10123: 10074: 10056: 10015: 9945: 9841: 9823: 9782: 9764: 9746: 9707: 9696:International Journal of Psychophysiology 9619: 9535: 9524:International Journal of Psychophysiology 9487: 9469: 9394: 9376: 9319: 9278: 9230: 9111: 9017: 8903: 8835: 8791: 8773: 8698: 8696: 8665: 8655: 8580: 8562: 8486: 8476: 8405: 8302: 8257: 8247: 8195: 8177: 8124: 8056: 8046: 8028: 7860: 7825: 7789:CARL – Institutional Repositories Program 7638: 7349: 7274: 7264: 7028: 7010: 6984: 6953: 6895: 6812: 6694: 6684: 6635: 6586: 6576: 6532: 6522: 6481: 6440: 6430: 6349: 6046: 5913: 5903: 5870: 5517: 5266: 5255:Revista Interamericana de Bibliotecología 5230: 5181: 5042: 5032: 4991: 4973: 4833: 4709: 4576: 4540: 4491: 4419:"G20 Leaders' Communique Hangzhou Summit" 4364: 4354: 4313: 4255: 4109: 4091: 4025: 4007: 3907: 3866: 3810: 3792: 3751: 3663: 3481: 3435: 3404: 3387: 3377: 3313: 3303: 3288:"Growth of hybrid open access, 2009–2016" 3200: 3179: 3164:"Hybrid open access—A longitudinal study" 2970: 2839:"DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals" 2814: 2796: 2687:Schöpfel, Joachim; Prost, Hélène (2013). 2348:Copyright policies of academic publishers 2194:High-income–low-income country inequality 2004:Open access articles can be found with a 39:Open access logo, originally designed by 13779: 12949: 12869: 12813:. Listserver.sigmaxi.org. Archived from 11789:. Registry of Open Access Repositories. 11342: 11247:Shen, Cenyu; Björk, Bo-Christer (2015). 10827: 8280: 7741:. Arl.org. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 6954:Swan, Alma; Brown, Sheridan (May 2005). 6323: 5830: 5208: 4815: 4132: 3989: 3930: 3530: 2950:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2859: 2713: 2423:Category:Publication management software 2069: 1820: 1702: 1670: 1604: 1596: 1556: 1491: 1455: 1411: 1006: 986:to academic publications, they could be 894: 849:Effect of preprints on later publication 817: 692: 597: 406: 190:such as subscriptions, site licenses or 129:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone 45: 34: 15288: 13074: 12887: 11811: 11719: 11680: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10332: 10264:Tennant, Jonathan P. (1 October 2018). 10263: 10097: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9507: 9264: 8979: 8977: 8941: 8939: 8881: 8879: 8817: 8815: 8813: 8811: 8089:. SciELO. Retrieved on 3 December 2011. 7917: 6261: 5499: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5421:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 5333:"Jisc supports Subscribe to Open model" 5282:W. Frass; J. Cross; V. Gardner (2013). 5014: 4691: 3590: 3557: 3455: 3217: 3215: 3034: 3032: 2105:Office of Science and Technology Policy 1737: 1271: 1139:Australasian Open Access Strategy Group 1131:University rights-retention OA policies 1121:and a number of scientific institutes. 785: 233: 16863: 13586:, and readers are not getting all the 12918: 12807:"(#710) What Provosts Need to Mandate" 12795:from the original on 10 December 2005. 11870: 11646: 11506: 10894: 10828:Wicherts, Jelte M. (29 January 2016). 10682:"A Manifesto for Reproducible Science" 10565:"A manifesto for reproducible science" 10503:Ross-Hellauer, Tony (31 August 2017). 10100:"Peer Review: Troubled from the Start" 9447: 9445: 9260: 9258: 9206: 9204: 9093: 9091: 9089: 9041: 9039: 9037: 8693: 8382:"Half of 2011 papers now free to read" 8098: 7998:ATA | The Alliance for Taxpayer Access 7711:"IFLA Statement on Open Access (2011)" 7595:from the original on 17 November 2015. 7577:from the original on 20 December 2014. 6843: 6790: 6609: 6292: 6257: 6255: 6197: 6077: 5672: 5500:Kim, Sang-Jun; Park, Kay Sook (2021). 5357: 5125: 5065: 4604:from the original on 23 September 2016 4048: 3844: 3842: 3733: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3123: 1003:Stakeholders and concerned communities 834:) with open access sharing rights per 356: 15833: 15789:Academic databases and search engines 15262: 14559: 14040: 13605: 12950:Albanese, Andrew (15 February 2013). 12857:from the original on 26 December 2015 12744: 12485:from the original on 11 December 2019 11720:Schultz, Teresa Auch (2 March 2018). 11475: 10361:from the original on 12 December 2019 10333:Noorden, Richard Van (4 March 2019). 10266:"The state of the art in peer review" 9989: 9210: 8945: 8885: 8516:. Directory of Open Access Journals. 8458: 8361:from the original on 3 September 2013 7984:from the original on 24 August 2014. 7971: 7930:from the original on 31 December 2013 7665: 7627:College & Research Libraries News 7620: 7147: 7094:from the original on 21 December 2019 7051: 6305:from the original on 12 December 2019 6274:from the original on 22 December 2019 6113: 6109: 6107: 6105: 6090:from the original on 18 November 2018 6078:Koroso, Nesru H. (18 November 2015). 5993: 5885: 5735:from the original on 22 December 2019 5552:from the original on 18 November 2019 5416: 5398:from the original on 19 February 2019 5385: 5379: 5163: 5121: 5119: 5104:from the original on 23 December 2019 4473: 4225: 4213: 4186: 3889: 3848: 3560:Introduction to Scientific Publishing 3503: 3501: 3336: 3285: 3221: 3206: 3194: 2943:Schroter, Sara; Tite, Leanne (2006). 1642:. Open access articles are typically 15179: 14340:Registry of Open Access Repositories 13780:Mietchen, Daniel (15 January 2014). 13439: 13032:Sanderson, Katharine (2 June 2023). 12962:from the original on 17 October 2013 12931:from the original on 17 October 2013 12900:from the original on 22 October 2013 12710:Scholarly and Research Communication 12529:Budapest Open Access Initiative, FAQ 12443:England, Higher Funding Council of. 12146:American Scientist Open Access Forum 11763:Eve, Martin Paul (21 October 2013). 11726:The Journal of Electronic Publishing 11627: 10491: 9674:from the original on 3 January 2020. 9661: 9504: 9417: 9178: 9045: 8974: 8936: 8876: 8808: 8727:Registry of Open Access Repositories 8465:Journal of Medical Internet Research 8080:Scientific Electronic Library Online 7961:from the original on 8 January 2014. 7751:Open Access for Scholarly Publishing 7721:from the original on 31 August 2020. 7571:Australian Open Access Support Group 7517:from the original on 18 October 2015 7407:from the original on 3 January 2013. 7228:from the original on 18 October 2018 7106: 6126:from the original on 8 December 2008 5795:from the original on 21 October 2019 5765:from the original on 7 November 2017 5578:from the original on 27 October 2019 5443: 5313:from the original on 18 October 2015 5190:from the original on 4 February 2020 3851:"Gold, green, and black open access" 3349:from the original on 31 August 2023. 3212: 3029: 2924:from the original on 14 January 2019 2750:from the original on 8 February 2020 2730: 2726:from the original on 4 October 2013. 2703:from the original on 1 January 2014. 2631: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2180: 2040:/oadoi API, or the base-search API. 1827:Registry of Open Access Repositories 1538:Registry of Open Access Repositories 1331: 1073:Open-access mandate § Instances 724:journals), some journals apply them 495:; all of which require as a minimum 132:with a ca. 300-year old free-domain 12768:from the original on 31 August 2020 12455:from the original on 31 August 2020 12442: 12188:from the original on 11 August 2017 12106:"Poynder On Point: Ten Years After" 12037:"Demystifying Open Access Workshop" 11949: 11762: 10724:from the original on 31 August 2020 10185:from the original on 31 August 2020 10147:Moxham, Noah; Fyfe, Aileen (2018). 9920:from the original on 3 January 2020 9442: 9430:from the original on 3 January 2020 9295:from the original on 31 August 2020 9265:ElSabry, ElHassan (1 August 2017). 9255: 9201: 9136: 9086: 9074:from the original on 3 January 2020 9034: 8733:from the original on 31 August 2020 8520:from the original on 27 August 2016 8514:"Directory of Open Access Journals" 8329:from the original on 24 August 2013 7948: 7547:from the original on 5 October 2016 7198:from the original on 1 January 2016 6966:from the original on 31 August 2020 6742:from the original on 31 August 2020 6464:Balaji, B.; Dhanamjaya, M. (2019). 6252: 6179:from the original on 31 August 2020 6080:"Diamond Open Access – UA Magazine" 5708:from the original on 3 October 2018 4797:from the original on 27 August 2016 4238:Balaji, B.; Dhanamjaya, M. (2019). 3990:Greshake, Bastian (21 April 2017). 3839: 3591:Normand, Stephanie (4 April 2018). 3444: 3267:from the original on 31 August 2020 3257:"Open access double dipping policy" 3079:from the original on 31 August 2020 2993: 2531:from the original on 31 August 2020 2504:from the original on 31 August 2020 2477:from the original on 30 August 2019 2450:from the original on 31 August 2020 1060: 899:Length of embargo times for bronze 434: 13: 15559:Academic journal publishing reform 13523: 13167:from the original on 12 March 2019 12786: 12597: 12216:Science & Technology Libraries 11793:from the original on 24 March 2019 10895:Brembs, Björn (12 February 2019). 8886:Davis, Philip M. (30 March 2011). 8619:. Curtin Open Knowledge Initiative 7918:Brandom, Russell (26 March 2013). 7899:from the original on 22 March 2013 7873:from the original on 15 March 2013 7861:Kopfstein, Janus (13 March 2013). 7487:from the original on 26 April 2019 6935:from the original on 5 August 2020 6856:from the original on 5 August 2020 6210:from the original on 24 April 2019 6102: 5116: 4455:from the original on 6 August 2020 4393:Dutch Techcentre for Life Sciences 4133:McKenzie, Lindsay (27 July 2017). 3702: 3498: 3139:from the original on 22 April 2024 3097: 2644:from the original on 14 April 2019 2525:"Plan S implementation guidelines" 1663:, other forms of research impact ( 1574:without adequate library access". 1318:open-source appropriate technology 948:Academic journal publishing reform 890: 291:Many gold OA publishers charge an 14: 16912: 14290:Directory of Open Access Journals 13913: 13809:Association of Research Libraries 13075:Lenharo, Mariana (4 April 2024). 12925:The Chronicle of Higher Education 12515:10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.31 12253:from the original on 19 July 2018 11931:from the original on 9 March 2019 11628:Hull, Duncan (15 February 2012). 11476:Eisen, Michael (3 October 2013). 9197:from the original on 7 June 2011. 8440:from the original on 16 June 2017 7955:The Chronicle of Higher Education 7842:from the original on 21 July 2018 7808:Lippincott, Sarah (5 July 2016). 7647:from the original on 20 June 2018 7310:from the original on 30 June 2017 7124:from the original on 5 April 2019 7064:from the original on 4 March 2020 6673:Journal of Open Research Software 5291:. Taylor & Francis/Routledge. 4955:from the original on 28 July 2020 4429:from the original on 31 July 2019 4399:from the original on 20 July 2018 3715:from the original on 24 June 2019 3222:Trust, Wellcome (23 March 2016). 3000:. Cambridge Core. pp. 1–42. 2894:from the original on 7 March 2019 2608: 2587: 1999:Directory of Open Access Journals 1816: 1552: 1451:Directory of Open Access Journals 1229:Journal of Library Administration 1189:Association of Research Libraries 731:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 260:Directory of Open Access Journals 16832: 16831: 13920: 13644:Serials Reviews, 31(4): 246–255. 13504: 13492: This article incorporates 13487: 13440:Kwon, Diana (16 February 2022). 13433: 13384: 13351: 13293: 13220: 13179: 13149: 13025: 13000: 12974: 12943: 12912: 12888:Palazzo, Alex (27 August 2007). 12881: 12839: 12821: 12799: 12780: 12750: 12738: 12697: 12661: 12591: 12579:from the original on 15 May 2017 12561: 12558:. Retrieved on 13 November 2012. 12541: 12467: 12436: 12200: 12170: 12151: 12124: 12098: 12078: 12066:" SPARC Europe – Embargo Periods 12047:from the original on 18 May 2015 11973: 11943: 11913: 11864: 11812:Peiperl, Larry (16 April 2018). 11805: 11775: 11756: 11713: 11681:Marwick, Ben (29 October 2020). 11640: 11621: 11469: 11398:College & Research Libraries 11188: 11176:from the original on 8 June 2019 11127: 11051: 11001:Science of the Total Environment 10988: 10888: 10821: 10615: 10555: 10433:"The preregistration revolution" 10424: 10373: 10326: 10257: 10197: 10032: 9901: 9858: 9799: 9740: 9655: 9568: 9411: 9352: 9328: 9307: 9187:International Mathematical Union 9155: 8715: 8682: 8631: 8605: 8532: 8373: 8341: 8311: 8274: 8133: 8092: 8073: 8022: 8017:Open Access: Basics and Benefits 8010: 7991: 7965: 7942: 7911: 7885: 7854: 7801: 7782: 7772:Scholarly Communication Toolkit 7763: 7744: 7725: 7703: 7659: 7614: 7599: 7581: 7559: 7529: 7499: 7469: 7450: 7430: 7411: 7389: 7322: 7291: 7240: 7210: 7180: 7167:from the original on 24 May 2018 7153: 7076: 7045: 6978: 6904: 6867: 6837: 6784: 6772:from the original on 18 May 2019 6754: 6293:Crotty, David (26 August 2015). 6286: 6240:from the original on 17 May 2019 6222: 6114:Suber, Peter (2 November 2006). 5975:from the original on 5 June 2019 4784: 4642:from the original on 3 June 2019 4161:from the original on 17 May 2019 3971:from the original on 13 May 2019 3931:Bohannon, John (28 April 2016). 3827:from the original on 21 May 2019 3615:from the original on 29 May 2020 2884:"PMC full journal list download" 2596:from the original on 19 May 2007 2544: 2517: 2490: 2463: 2436: 2403:Predatory open access publishing 1586: 1571:International Mathematical Union 1461: 1398: 1384: 1336: 473: 462: 266: 251: 14177:Budapest Open Access Initiative 14066: 12919:Basken, Paul (5 January 2012). 12075:. Retrieved on 18 October 2015. 11687:Norwegian Archaeological Review 11647:Duncan, Green (7 August 2013). 11021:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136454 8354:. Science-Metrix. August 2013. 6262:Bastian, Hilda (2 April 2018). 6191: 6165: 6071: 6022: 5777: 5755:"Setting a fee for publication" 5747: 5590: 5564: 5534: 5493: 5481:from the original on 6 May 2019 5410: 5358:Markin, Pablo (25 April 2017). 5351: 5325: 5295: 5138: 4718: 4654: 4467: 4411: 4381: 4330: 4231: 4126: 4085: 4042: 3983: 3924: 3883: 3768: 3727: 3696: 3627: 3584: 3551: 3524: 3353: 3330: 3279: 3188: 3155: 3117: 3091: 2936: 2906: 2876: 2853: 2418:Category:Open access by country 1948: 1727:open publishing of peer reviews 1659:In addition to format academic 1548:Effects on scholarly publishing 1092: 1081:Councils) have already adopted 997:Budapest Open Access Initiative 813: 654:publishing model introduced by 481:Budapest Open Access Initiative 455:Budapest Open Access Initiative 16397:Right of way (property access) 14276:Directory of Open Access Books 13711:IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 12876:About the Repository – ROARMAP 11954:Open access and the humanities 11345:"Who's Afraid of Peer Review?" 10749:Communication Research Reports 10522:10.12688/f1000research.11369.2 10224:10.12688/f1000research.12037.3 10058:10.12688/f1000research.10892.1 9709:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.006 9537:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.006 9060:10.6084/m9.figshare.1213690.v1 9046:Adie, Euan (24 October 2014). 7972:Bourg, Chris (23 March 2013). 7338:Journal of Clinical Psychology 7090:. Wellcome. 10 February 2016. 6432:10.12688/f1000research.11408.1 5888:"Growth of Hybrid Open Access" 5683:10.6084/m9.figshare.1056280.v3 5464:. Cites & Insights Books. 5386:Socha, Beata (20 April 2017). 5017:"Why Full Open Access Matters" 4343:Information Services & Use 4189:"Gratis and Libre Open Access" 4009:10.12688/f1000research.11366.1 3149:University of Nebraska–Lincoln 2997:Open Access and the Humanities 2831: 2762: 2707: 2680: 2668: 2656: 1939:Times Higher Education ranking 1217:In 2013, open access activist 1167:As information professionals, 941: 673:Hindawi Publishing Corporation 411:Download rate for articles on 225: 1: 15819:Category:Scientific documents 15156:Open-source software movement 14885:Free and open-source software 14614:Commons-based peer production 14295:Initiative for Open Citations 12791:. University of Southampton. 12228:10.1080/0194262X.2016.1224994 11699:10.1080/00293652.2020.1837233 10762:10.1080/08824096.2018.1513273 9471:10.12688/f1000research.8460.3 8380:Van Noorden, Richard (2013). 7436:Libbenga, Jan. (11 May 2005) 7266:10.12688/f1000research.8460.3 6198:Wilson, Mark (20 June 2018). 6116:"No-fee open-access journals" 4880:10.1126/science.281.5382.1459 3456:Gajović, S (31 August 2017). 3337:Liuta, Ioana (26 July 2020). 2565: 2552:Research Excellence Framework 2413:Category:Open access journals 2206: 2143: 1935:Research Excellence Framework 1779:widely-read journals such as 1773: 1687:Open access initiatives like 1654: 1577: 1203:is one example of this work. 930:has not been shown to affect 15859: 15814:Category:Academic publishing 14497:List of open-access journals 14487:Access to Knowledge movement 14126:Copyright transfer agreement 14014:Open Access Tracking Project 13968:Resources in other libraries 13675:10.1371/journal.pone.0020961 13547:The New York Review of Books 13397:Quantitative Science Studies 13157:"Browse by Policymaker Type" 12479:Times Higher Education (THE) 12022:10.1016/j.serrev.2004.09.013 11921:"A List of Preprint Servers" 11831:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002563 10914:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000117 10855:10.1371/journal.pone.0147913 10399:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008565 9914:IConference 2015 Proceedings 9766:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157 9191:"Call to All Mathematicians" 8249:10.1371/journal.pone.0011273 8147:, 25–27 March 2010, pp.1–12. 7895:. Ala.org. 17 January 2013. 7118:Medical Journal of Australia 7012:10.1371/journal.pone.0159614 6578:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000151 6524:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005473 6120:SPARC open access Newsletter 5572:"Article processing charges" 5303:"OA journal business models" 5034:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001210 5015:Carroll, Michael W. (2011). 4751:10.1016/j.ringeo.2020.100001 3949:10.1126/science.352.6285.508 3006:10.1017/CBO9781316161012.003 2845:. 1 May 2013. Archived from 2798:10.1371/journal.pone.0272730 2363:List of open access journals 2338:Access to knowledge movement 2111:In 2023, the Council of the 1973:open access journal websites 1298:Research Papers in Economics 1201:American Library Association 1067:§ Policies and mandates 881: 348: 324: 99:. because such publications 28:Open access (disambiguation) 7: 16703:Two Treatises of Government 14248:Delayed open-access journal 14111:Subscription business model 13893:Glyn Moody (17 June 2016). 13377:10.3390/publications9040045 13083:. Nature Publishing Group. 11370:10.1126/science.342.6154.60 10956:"Open-access mega-journals" 8723:"Browse by Repository Type" 8459:Björk, Bo-Christer (2011). 8139:A. J. Buitenhuis, et al., " 8031:"The Open Access Advantage" 8029:Eysenbach, Gunther (2006). 7949:New, Jake (27 March 2013). 6483:10.3390/publications7010006 5872:10.3390/publications7020034 4257:10.3390/publications7010006 3849:Björk, Bo-Christer (2017). 3568:10.1007/978-3-642-38646-6_4 2714:Schwartz, Meredith (2012). 2330: 2036:API, the Dissemin API, the 1849:There are also a number of 1055:mental health professionals 973:subscription business model 593: 561: 396: 330:Hybrid open-access journals 298: 65:introduction to open access 10: 16917: 15632:Indexes and search engines 15234:Open educational resources 14243:Hybrid open-access journal 13480: 13454:10.1038/d41586-022-00342-w 13319:10.1164/rccm.201910-1957OC 13263:10.1038/d41586-021-00873-8 13192:Insights: The UKSG Journal 13127:10.1038/d41586-024-01493-8 13089:10.1038/d41586-024-00996-8 13046:10.1038/d41586-023-01810-7 12547:Public Knowledge Project. 11606:10.1038/d41586-018-06032-w 11086:10.1038/d41586-019-03759-y 10640:10.1007/s13222-019-00317-8 10347:10.1038/d41586-019-00777-8 10017:10.1038/d41586-018-01642-w 7608:Creative Commons Australia 6503:PLOS Computational Biology 5727:Schönfelder, Nina (2018). 5268:10.17533/udea.rib.v40n3a04 4930:10.1087/095315103322422053 4816:Matushek, Kurt J. (2017). 4698:Insights: The UKSG Journal 4474:Vuong, Quan-Hoang (2018). 3734:Pearce, Joshua M. (2022). 3437:10.31269/triplec.v11i2.502 2963:10.1177/014107680609900316 2393:Open educational resources 2176:Inequality and open access 2073: 2062:(Portuguese, Spanish) and 1995:institutional repositories 1952: 1838:articles and journals are 1833:Databases and repositories 1706: 1674: 1590: 1373: 1327: 1070: 1064: 945: 700: 687:Article processing charges 636: 539: 438: 400: 360: 242: 25: 18: 16827: 16624: 16426: 16306: 16199: 16192: 16041: 15998: 15943: 15867: 15766: 15688: 15630: 15594: 15551: 15475: 15410: 15362: 15324: 15296: 15121: 15060: 15022:Open Knowledge Foundation 15012:Open Architecture Network 14994: 14969: 14933: 14877: 14841: 14829:Open-door academic policy 14801: 14765: 14756: 14711: 14663: 14606: 14597: 14505: 14479: 14358: 14330:Public Library of Science 14315:Open Knowledge Foundation 14256: 14220: 14169: 14156:Article processing charge 14092: 14074: 13963:Resources in your library 12387:10.1007/s11192-015-1798-9 12296:10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5 12140:13 September 2016 at the 12111:26 September 2011 at the 12091:12 September 2012 at the 11871:Elmore, Susan A. (2018). 11749:2027/spo.3336451.0021.103 11517:10.1038/nature.2017.22090 11444:10.1186/s12916-017-0785-9 11312:10.1007/s11192-018-2750-6 11266:10.1186/s12916-015-0469-2 11210:10.1007/s12024-016-9785-x 11140:Aesthetic Surgery Journal 10270:FEMS Microbiology Letters 10168:10.1017/S0018246X17000334 9175:, No. 44, 31 October 1988 8854:10.1007/s11192-015-1547-0 8295:10.1108/03074801311304078 8126:10.1007/s10668-012-9337-9 8003:27 September 2007 at the 7192:Impact of Social Sciences 6805:10.1007/s11192-013-1205-3 6204:Impact of Social Sciences 5652:10.1007/s11192-015-1556-z 5574:. Nature Communications. 5087:10.1007/s10734-015-9884-8 4667:Impact of Social Sciences 4493:10.1038/s41562-017-0281-4 4063:10.1007/s11192-017-2291-4 3181:10.1016/j.joi.2016.08.002 2862:Scholars Portal Dataverse 2124:member states to address 1647:depending on discipline. 1509:has the lowest. Both the 1507:American Chemical Society 1420: 1236: 864:digital object identifier 703:Article processing charge 644:Public Library of Science 512:. For this reason, many 497:attribution of authorship 493:Creative Commons licenses 293:article processing charge 41:Public Library of Science 16871:Open access (publishing) 16755:The Great Transformation 16113:Labor theory of property 15007:Free Software Foundation 14920:Open-source architecture 14335:Public Knowledge Project 14320:Open Society Foundations 14310:Open Archives Initiative 14207:NIH Public Access Policy 13827:Willinsky, John (2006). 12723:10.22230/src.2010v1n2a24 12163:11 November 2007 at the 12104:Poynder, Richard. 2004. 12071:18 November 2015 at the 12041:e-Publications@Marquette 11889:10.1177/0192623318767322 11739:10.3998/3336451.0021.103 10960:Journal of Documentation 9345:. In: Neil Jacobs (Ed.) 7776:8 September 2005 at the 6762:"Journal embargo finder" 6728:10.1177/0961000616657406 6610:Powell, Kendall (2016). 6035:European Science Editing 4974:Willinsky, John (2002). 4542:10.1177/2158244018816717 3753:10.3390/knowledge2020013 3462:Croatian Medical Journal 3057:10.1177/0961000616657406 2429: 2408:Right to Internet access 2094:NIH Public Access Policy 2045:Public Knowledge Project 1969:open-access repositories 1542:open access-repositories 1533:in particular) did not. 1521:. Some publishers (e.g. 1304:in Canada developed the 1302:Public Knowledge Project 1163:Libraries and librarians 1144:10 February 2018 at the 990:or "free to build upon". 771:less developed economies 726:per manuscript submitted 19:Not to be confused with 16891:Scholarly communication 16324:Forest-dwelling (India) 16286:restraint on alienation 16066:Common good (economics) 15809:Style/formatting guides 15711:Scholarly communication 15411:Other publication types 14970:Politics and governance 13566:reach a tiny audience, 11343:Bohannon, John (2013). 10973:10.1108/JD-06-2016-0082 10699:10.1038/s41562-016-0021 10582:10.1038/s41562-016-0021 10458:10.1073/pnas.1708274114 9990:Curry, Stephen (2018). 9825:10.1186/1741-7015-10-73 9648:2 November 2017 at the 9168:25 October 2005 at the 8708:30 October 2012 at the 8539:Chun-Kai (Karl) Huang; 7462:5 November 2010 at the 6342:10.15252/embj.201695531 6048:10.3897/ese.2021.e63663 5673:Lawson, Stuart (2014), 5546:The Occasional Pamphlet 5164:Dodds, Francis (2018). 4835:10.2460/javma.250.3.258 4731:Results in Geochemistry 4147:10.1126/science.aan7164 3656:10.1126/science.aag0946 3474:10.3325/cmj.2017.58.261 3168:Journal of Informetrics 1355:Knowledge:Summary style 1322:sustainable development 1314:African Journals Online 1294:non-profit organization 1253:), and high school and 1159:on open access issues. 1155:5 February 2018 at the 1105:cooperatively launched 535: 16763:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 16537:Primitive accumulation 16392:Right of way (transit) 16177:Tragedy of the commons 16059:fictitious commodities 15751:Least publishable unit 15423:Collection of articles 15141:Free software movement 15032:Open Source Initiative 14982:Open-source governance 14865:Open-source journalism 14238:Open-access repository 13788:. Wikimedia Foundation 13759:10.7771/1481-4374.2426 13705:; Gingras, Y. (2005). 13570:are floundering under 12549:"Open Journal Systems" 11581:"Publish Peer Reviews" 10686:Nature Human Behaviour 10569:Nature Human Behaviour 10156:The Historical Journal 10098:Csiszar, Alex (2016). 9971:Cite journal requires 8617:storage.googleapis.com 8099:Pearce, J. M. (2012). 8085:31 August 2005 at the 7737:15 August 2013 at the 7691:Cite journal requires 6394:Cite journal requires 5542:"An efficient journal" 5455:Walt Crawford (2019). 5211:The Charleston Advisor 4480:Nature Human Behaviour 3533:The Charleston Advisor 3518:10.5281/zenodo.4558704 3133:digitalcommons.unl.edu 2590:"Open Access Overview" 2353:Freedom of information 2163:Compliance rates with 1967:is sometimes used for 1859:open-access repository 1829: 1635: 1602: 1562: 1497: 1468: 1417: 1376:History of open access 1348:History of open access 1101:In May 2005, 16 major 1022: 903: 838: 698: 666:, editorial staff and 603: 449:definition, the terms 416: 202:and non peer-reviewed 66: 43: 16896:Free culture movement 16886:Electronic publishing 16816:The Wealth of Nations 16796:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 16788:The Ethics of Liberty 15741:Electronic publishing 15716:Scientific literature 15493:Article-level metrics 15146:Open science movement 15136:Free-culture movement 14814:Educational resources 14773:Collaborative writing 14650:Participatory culture 14266:The Cost of Knowledge 13982:Open Access Directory 12336:10.1096/fj.07-9492LSF 11989:12 March 2010 at the 11877:Toxicologic Pathology 11653:From Poverty to Power 11548:10.1128/mBio.00411-19 10282:10.1093/femsle/fny204 9580:16 March 2007 at the 9211:Davis, P. M. (2011). 7893:"James Madison Award" 7621:Suber, Peter (2003). 7423:16 March 2008 at the 7052:Suber, Peter (2014). 6379:10.17605/OSF.IO/796TU 6324:Ginsparg, P. (2016). 6299:The Scholarly Kitchen 5886:Björk, B. C. (2017). 5789:www.ubiquitypress.com 5761:. 29 September 2016. 5417:Peter, Suber (2012). 5307:Open Access Directory 5223:10.5260/chara.18.3.53 5066:Davies, Mark (2015). 4993:10.5210/fm.v7i11.1006 4692:Johnson, Rob (2019). 4298:10.1038/sdata.2016.18 4187:Suber, Peter (2008). 3709:The Scholarly Kitchen 3545:10.5260/chara.15.1.50 3286:Björk, B. C. (2017). 3124:Bolick, Josh (2018). 2373:Open access monograph 2201:University of Florida 2070:Policies and mandates 1869:or the peer-reviewed 1824: 1709:Scholarly peer review 1703:Peer review processes 1682:Journal impact factor 1671:Journal impact factor 1623:and open access with 1618: 1600: 1560: 1495: 1459: 1415: 1290:Bioline International 1071:Further information: 1020: 914:and >12 months in 898: 821: 747:Nature Communications 714:per article published 696: 608:transfer of copyright 601: 410: 374:academic institutions 288:licenses or similar. 173:electronic publishing 58: 38: 16901:Open access journals 16679:Progress and Poverty 16013:Common-pool resource 15784:Open-access journals 15731:Open scientific data 15538:SCImago Journal Rank 15498:Author-level metrics 15483:Acknowledgment index 14925:Open-source hardware 14903:Open-design movement 14896:Open-source software 14664:Research and science 14161:Predatory publishing 13774:series of interviews 12554:1 March 2013 at the 12481:. 7 September 2018. 11950:Eve, Martin (2014). 11488:on 24 September 2018 11482:www.michaeleisen.org 9232:10.1096/fj.11-183988 9161:Garfield, E. (1988) 8905:10.1096/fj.11-183988 7666:Baich, Tina (2015). 7640:10.5860/crln.64.2.92 7443:15 July 2017 at the 5598:"Publishing options" 3890:Green, Toby (2017). 2358:Guerilla Open Access 2150:open-access mandates 2049:Open Journal Systems 2008:, using any general 1965:Open source software 1809:#openirony (e.g. on 1743:Predatory publishers 1738:Predatory publishing 1619:A 2013 interview on 1503:Institute of Physics 1310:Open Journal Systems 1308:publishing software 1272:Low-income countries 1083:open-access mandates 1045:in another field, a 932:subscription revenue 808:Free Journal Network 786:Subsidized or no-fee 683:and BioMed Central. 610:from authors to the 501:open-access mandates 460:Gratis open access ( 451:'gratis' and 'libre' 343:open access mandates 234:Colour naming system 135:A Voyage to Lilliput 26:For other uses, see 16876:Academic publishing 16802:The Social Contract 16490:population transfer 16407:prior-appropriation 16086:homestead principle 15779:Scientific journals 15290:Academic publishing 15207:Free Cultural Works 15151:Open Source Ecology 15037:Open Web Foundation 14934:Economic principles 14891:Free/libre software 14788:Participatory media 14416:Republic of Ireland 14233:Open-access mandate 13857:on 5 November 2013. 13733:2006cs........6079H 13666:2011PLoSO...620961L 13410:10.1162/qss_a_00157 12817:on 11 January 2007. 12610:on 8 September 2018 12604:mcphs.libguides.com 12534:3 July 2006 at the 11597:2018Natur.560..545P 11411:10.5860/crl.79.1.52 11361:2013Sci...342...60B 11077:2019Natur.576..210G 11013:2020ScTEn.72136454P 10846:2016PLoSO..1147913W 10796:10.7554/eLife.16800 10449:2018PNAS..115.2600N 10314:on 24 February 2020 10116:2016Natur.532..306C 10008:2018Natur.554..147C 9956:2018arXiv180108992L 9668:eprints.soton.ac.uk 9662:Swan, Alma (2010). 9424:eprints.soton.ac.uk 9418:Swan, Alma (2010). 9341:22 May 2012 at the 9148:2 July 2017 at the 8954:(6): 197, 200–201. 8846:2015arXiv150305702W 8775:10.7554/eLife.16800 8564:10.7554/ELIFE.57067 8398:2013Natur.500..386V 8240:2010PLoSO...511273B 8117:2012EDSus..14..425P 8048:10.2196/jmir.8.2.e8 7794:7 June 2013 at the 7756:19 May 2014 at the 7573:. 5 February 2013. 7003:2016PLoSO..1159614O 6628:2016Natur.530..148P 6515:2017PLSCB..13E5473B 5816:MPG.PuRe Repository 4872:1998Sci...281.1459B 4743:2020ResGc...100001P 4290:2016NatSD...360018W 3794:10.7554/eLife.32822 3648:2016Sci...352.1405P 3228:Wellcome Trust Blog 2789:2022PLoSO..1772730S 2632:Swan, Alma (2012). 2264:Republic of Ireland 2117:European Commission 2076:Open access mandate 1436:European Commission 1251:amateur astronomers 1223:James Madison Award 801:Knowledge Unlatched 734:until recently) or 552:European Commission 526:computer scientists 471:Libre open access ( 441:Gratis versus libre 415:(black open access) 363:Diamond open access 357:Diamond/platinum OA 166:diamond open access 16782:Murray N. Rothbard 16093:Free-rider problem 15799:Copyright policies 15794:University presses 15701:Scientific writing 15569:Citation advantage 15476:Impact and ranking 15309:Scientific journal 15073:Alexandra Elbakyan 15017:Openmod Initiative 14854:Citizen journalism 14731:Open communication 14712:Data, information, 14635:Open collaboration 14212:Research Works Act 14202:Geneva Declaration 14187:Bethesda Statement 14182:Berlin Declaration 14136:Scientific journal 13807:. Washington, DC: 13544:, 2023, 405 pp.), 12835:on 7 January 2006. 11925:Research Preprints 11659:on 20 October 2020 11153:10.1093/asj/sjw026 10628:Datenbank-Spektrum 9378:10.7717/peerj.4375 9334:Swan, Alma (2006) 9280:10.4000/rfsic.3271 8657:10.7717/peerj.4375 8179:10.7717/peerj.4375 8035:J Med Internet Res 7591:. 17 August 2015. 7360:10.1002/jclp.20492 6326:"Preprint Déjà Vu" 6159:20.500.11937/12680 5996:Learned Publishing 5905:10.7717/peerj.3878 5170:Learned Publishing 4918:Learned Publishing 4787:"Journal metadata" 4673:on 1 November 2019 4366:20.500.11937/53669 4356:10.3233/ISU-170824 3896:Learned Publishing 3855:Learned Publishing 3703:By (1 June 2017). 3379:10.7717/peerj.4375 3305:10.7717/peerj.3878 3234:on 27 October 2019 3197:, pp. 140–141 2368:Open Access Button 2148:As of March 2021, 2126:predatory journals 1830: 1764:Cabell's blacklist 1636: 1603: 1563: 1498: 1469: 1444:Max Planck Society 1418: 1103:Dutch universities 1049:, a politician or 1028:scientific journal 1023: 979:or "free to read". 904: 839: 699: 604: 417: 181:fiction literature 67: 44: 16858: 16857: 16769:What Is Property? 16562:human trafficking 16547:Regulatory taking 16422: 16421: 16167:Right to property 15827: 15826: 15804:Preprint policies 15774:Academic journals 15757:Publish or perish 15612:Version of record 15552:Reform and access 15354:Literature review 15256: 15255: 15252: 15251: 15244:Open Web movement 15229:Open Data Indices 15083:Peter Murray-Rust 15027:Open Rights Group 14990: 14989: 14873: 14872: 14726:Knowledge commons 14553: 14552: 14116:Subscribe to Open 13988:and Robin Peek). 13949:Library resources 13836:. Cambridge, MA: 13818:978-0-918006-26-4 13626:978-0-262-51763-8 12956:Publishers Weekly 12323:The FASEB Journal 12118:Information Today 11591:(7720): 545–547. 11071:(7786): 210–212. 10443:(11): 2600–2606. 10110:(7599): 306–308. 9879:10.1002/asi.23037 9606:(jul31 1): a568. 9218:The FASEB Journal 9122:10.1002/asi.23687 8996:(jul31 1): a568. 8892:The FASEB Journal 8478:10.2196/jmir.1802 8283:New Library World 7633:(2): 92–94, 113. 7610:. 31 August 2016. 7567:"About the AOASG" 7306:. 15 April 2005. 7194:. 25 March 2015. 7163:. 31 March 2015. 6888:10.1002/asi.22856 6622:(7589): 148–151. 6336:(24): 2620–2625. 6008:10.1002/leap.1219 5958:10.1002/asi.23446 5625:10.1002/asi.22972 5619:(12): 2591–2594. 5471:978-1-329-54713-1 5183:10.1002/leap.1157 4866:(5382): 1459–60. 4587:10.1002/asi.23601 4571:(11): 2815–2828. 4395:. 20 April 2016. 3909:10.1002/leap.1116 3868:10.1002/leap.1096 3577:978-3-642-38645-9 3104:libguides.mst.edu 2181:Gender inequality 1891:scholarly society 1875:version of record 1616: 1432:citations indexes 1372: 1371: 1247:government grants 1178:interlibrary loan 1018: 901:Elsevier journals 652:Subscribe to Open 620:academic freedoms 566:The emergence of 528:) are limited to 453:were used in the 386:government grants 378:learned societies 214:, book chapters, 208:conference papers 124:demand elasticity 97:academic journals 56: 16908: 16881:Social movements 16835: 16834: 16739:John Stuart Mill 16659:Friedrich Engels 16640:Frédéric Bastiat 16633: 16485:Forced migration 16453:Collectivization 16197: 16196: 16076:First possession 16049:Bundle of rights 15854: 15847: 15840: 15831: 15830: 15746:Ingelfinger rule 15660:Semantic Scholar 15382:Technical report 15304:Academic journal 15283: 15276: 15269: 15260: 15259: 15239:Open music model 15203:Definition docs 15192:Creative Commons 15177: 15176: 15093:Richard Stallman 15088:Douglas Rushkoff 15002:Creative Commons 14778:Democratic media 14763: 14762: 14686:Notebook science 14604: 14603: 14580: 14573: 14566: 14557: 14556: 14286: 14283: 14271:Creative Commons 14197:Durham Statement 14131:Academic journal 14061: 14054: 14047: 14038: 14037: 13924: 13923: 13909: 13907: 13905: 13884: 13882: 13880: 13874: 13867: 13858: 13856: 13850:. Archived from 13835: 13822: 13797: 13795: 13793: 13767:"Open and Shut?" 13763: 13761: 13736: 13726: 13697: 13687: 13677: 13637: 13635: 13633: 13600:European Council 13508: 13491: 13474: 13473: 13437: 13431: 13430: 13412: 13403:(4): 1123–1143. 13388: 13382: 13381: 13379: 13355: 13349: 13348: 13338: 13297: 13291: 13290: 13250: 13244: 13243: 13241: 13239: 13233:informationr.net 13224: 13218: 13217: 13207: 13205:10.1629/uksg.168 13183: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13172: 13153: 13147: 13146: 13114: 13108: 13107: 13105: 13103: 13072: 13066: 13065: 13029: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13004: 12998: 12997: 12995: 12993: 12988:. 25 August 2022 12978: 12972: 12971: 12969: 12967: 12947: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12936: 12916: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12885: 12879: 12873: 12867: 12866: 12864: 12862: 12843: 12837: 12836: 12825: 12819: 12818: 12803: 12797: 12796: 12787:Harnad, Stevan. 12784: 12778: 12777: 12775: 12773: 12754: 12748: 12747:, pp. 77–78 12742: 12736: 12735: 12725: 12701: 12695: 12694: 12688: 12680: 12678: 12676: 12665: 12659: 12658: 12652: 12644: 12642: 12640: 12629: 12620: 12619: 12617: 12615: 12606:. Archived from 12595: 12589: 12588: 12586: 12584: 12569:"Welcome - ROAD" 12565: 12559: 12545: 12539: 12526: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12501: 12495: 12494: 12492: 12490: 12471: 12465: 12464: 12462: 12460: 12440: 12434: 12433: 12420: 12414: 12413: 12411: 12409: 12403: 12397:. Archived from 12372: 12363: 12357: 12356: 12338: 12314: 12308: 12307: 12289: 12269: 12263: 12262: 12260: 12258: 12252: 12213: 12204: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12193: 12174: 12168: 12155: 12149: 12128: 12122: 12102: 12096: 12082: 12076: 12063: 12057: 12056: 12054: 12052: 12032: 12026: 12025: 12004: 11998: 11977: 11971: 11970: 11958: 11947: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11936: 11927:. 9 March 2017. 11917: 11911: 11910: 11900: 11868: 11862: 11861: 11851: 11833: 11809: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11798: 11787:roar.eprints.org 11783:"Browse by Year" 11779: 11773: 11772: 11760: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11741: 11717: 11711: 11710: 11678: 11669: 11668: 11666: 11664: 11655:. Archived from 11644: 11638: 11637: 11625: 11619: 11618: 11608: 11576: 11570: 11569: 11559: 11527: 11521: 11520: 11504: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11484:. Archived from 11473: 11467: 11466: 11456: 11446: 11422: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11389: 11383: 11382: 11372: 11340: 11334: 11333: 11323: 11295: 11289: 11288: 11278: 11268: 11244: 11238: 11237: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11155: 11131: 11125: 11124: 11098: 11088: 11055: 11049: 11048: 10992: 10986: 10985: 10975: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10934: 10916: 10892: 10886: 10885: 10875: 10857: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10808: 10798: 10773: 10767: 10766: 10764: 10740: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10729: 10711: 10701: 10676: 10670: 10669: 10659: 10619: 10613: 10612: 10602: 10584: 10559: 10553: 10552: 10542: 10524: 10500: 10489: 10488: 10478: 10460: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10411: 10401: 10377: 10371: 10370: 10368: 10366: 10330: 10324: 10323: 10321: 10319: 10310:. Archived from 10301: 10261: 10255: 10254: 10244: 10226: 10201: 10195: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10184: 10153: 10144: 10138: 10137: 10127: 10095: 10089: 10088: 10078: 10060: 10036: 10030: 10029: 10019: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9974: 9969: 9967: 9959: 9949: 9936: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9905: 9899: 9898: 9873:(5): 1018–1027. 9862: 9856: 9855: 9845: 9827: 9803: 9797: 9796: 9786: 9768: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9711: 9687: 9676: 9675: 9659: 9653: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9623: 9612:10.1136/bmj.a568 9591: 9585: 9572: 9566: 9565: 9539: 9515: 9502: 9501: 9491: 9473: 9449: 9440: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9415: 9409: 9408: 9398: 9380: 9356: 9350: 9332: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9311: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9282: 9262: 9253: 9252: 9234: 9208: 9199: 9198: 9182: 9176: 9173:Current Comments 9159: 9153: 9140: 9134: 9133: 9115: 9095: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9043: 9032: 9031: 9021: 9002:10.1136/bmj.a568 8981: 8972: 8971: 8948:The Physiologist 8943: 8934: 8933: 8907: 8898:(7): 2129–2134. 8883: 8874: 8873: 8839: 8819: 8806: 8805: 8795: 8777: 8752: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8719: 8713: 8700: 8691: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8669: 8659: 8635: 8629: 8628: 8626: 8624: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8584: 8566: 8536: 8530: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8510: 8501: 8500: 8490: 8480: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8426: 8420: 8419: 8409: 8377: 8371: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8360: 8353: 8345: 8339: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8315: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8289:(3/4): 166–178. 8278: 8272: 8271: 8261: 8251: 8219: 8210: 8209: 8199: 8181: 8157: 8148: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8096: 8090: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8060: 8050: 8026: 8020: 8014: 8008: 7995: 7989: 7988: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7935: 7915: 7909: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7829: 7827:10.1629/uksg.296 7805: 7799: 7786: 7780: 7767: 7761: 7748: 7742: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7717:. 6 March 2019. 7707: 7701: 7700: 7694: 7689: 7687: 7679: 7663: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7642: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7603: 7597: 7596: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7473: 7467: 7454: 7448: 7434: 7428: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7376: 7370:. Archived from 7353: 7335: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7278: 7268: 7244: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7184: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7157: 7151: 7150:, pp. 29–43 7145: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7080: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7049: 7043: 7042: 7032: 7014: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6973: 6971: 6951: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6882:(7): 1323–1329. 6871: 6865: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6816: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6766:www.elsevier.com 6758: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6707: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6688: 6664: 6658: 6657: 6639: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6590: 6580: 6556: 6547: 6546: 6536: 6526: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6444: 6434: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6397: 6392: 6390: 6382: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6353: 6330:The EMBO Journal 6321: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6268:Absolutely Maybe 6259: 6250: 6249: 6247: 6245: 6234:Science|Business 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6169: 6163: 6162: 6147:Cultural Science 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6131: 6111: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6050: 6026: 6020: 6019: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5974: 5952:(7): 1751–1766. 5943: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5917: 5907: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5849: 5828: 5827: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5785:"Ubiquity Press" 5781: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5635: 5629: 5628: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5594: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5548:. 6 March 2012. 5538: 5532: 5531: 5521: 5519:10.6087/kcse.227 5497: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5480: 5463: 5452: 5441: 5440: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5246: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5185: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5123: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5103: 5075:Higher Education 5072: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5046: 5036: 5027:(11): e1001210. 5012: 5006: 5005: 4995: 4971: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4954: 4915: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4837: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4782: 4771: 4770: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711:10.1629/uksg.453 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4669:. Archived from 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4603: 4580: 4562: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4495: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4368: 4358: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4317: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4235: 4229: 4223: 4217: 4216:, pp. 68–69 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4195:on 10 March 2017 4191:. Archived from 4184: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4113: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4029: 4011: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3943:(6285): 508–12. 3928: 3922: 3921: 3911: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3870: 3846: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3814: 3796: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3755: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3667: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3505: 3496: 3495: 3485: 3453: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3415: 3402: 3401: 3391: 3381: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3317: 3307: 3283: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3253: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3230:. Archived from 3219: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3146: 3144: 3130: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3036: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2974: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2818: 2800: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2749: 2742: 2734: 2728: 2727: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2699:(2(12)): 65–86. 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2629: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2585: 2559: 2548: 2542: 2541:, February 2019. 2540: 2538: 2536: 2521: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2467: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2440: 2383:Open Access Week 2203:in Gainesville. 2137:Gates Foundation 2056:Index Copernicus 1851:preprint servers 1766:(a successor to 1719:preprint servers 1693:Leiden Manifesto 1617: 1465: 1402: 1388: 1367: 1364: 1358: 1340: 1339: 1332: 1078:Research funding 1061:Research funders 1041:in the field, a 1019: 627:Creative Commons 522:machine learning 506:Creative Commons 478: 477: 467: 466: 435:Gratis and libre 307:without paying. 286:Creative Commons 270: 255: 220:research reports 204:academic journal 177:journal articles 106:1) a subject of 57: 16916: 16915: 16911: 16910: 16909: 16907: 16906: 16905: 16861: 16860: 16859: 16854: 16823: 16627: 16626: 16620: 16570:husband-selling 16507:Illegal logging 16502:Illegal fishing 16431: 16418: 16329:Freedom to roam 16302: 16215:(agrarian land) 16188: 16145:Property rights 16037: 15994: 15956:Estate (landed) 15939: 15863: 15858: 15828: 15823: 15762: 15721:Learned society 15684: 15626: 15590: 15547: 15518:Journal ranking 15508:Citation impact 15471: 15406: 15364:Grey literature 15358: 15320: 15292: 15287: 15257: 15248: 15175: 15123: 15117: 15078:Lawrence Lessig 15068:Tim Berners-Lee 15056: 14986: 14977:Open government 14965: 14961:Sharing economy 14946:Open innovation 14929: 14869: 14858:Wiki journalism 14837: 14797: 14783:Open publishing 14758: 14752: 14713: 14707: 14671:Citizen science 14659: 14599: 14593: 14584: 14554: 14549: 14525:Open government 14501: 14492:Access2Research 14475: 14354: 14278: 14258: 14252: 14216: 14165: 14088: 14070: 14065: 13996:. Published by 13974: 13973: 13972: 13957: 13956: 13952: 13945: 13944: 13943: 13925: 13921: 13916: 13903: 13901: 13878: 13876: 13875:on 19 June 2012 13872: 13865: 13861: 13854: 13848: 13833: 13819: 13791: 13789: 13631: 13629: 13627: 13530:Darnton, Robert 13526: 13524:Further reading 13483: 13478: 13477: 13438: 13434: 13389: 13385: 13356: 13352: 13298: 13294: 13251: 13247: 13237: 13235: 13225: 13221: 13184: 13180: 13170: 13168: 13155: 13154: 13150: 13115: 13111: 13101: 13099: 13073: 13069: 13030: 13026: 13016: 13014: 13012:www.science.org 13006: 13005: 13001: 12991: 12989: 12986:The White House 12980: 12979: 12975: 12965: 12963: 12948: 12944: 12934: 12932: 12917: 12913: 12903: 12901: 12886: 12882: 12874: 12870: 12860: 12858: 12845: 12844: 12840: 12827: 12826: 12822: 12805: 12804: 12800: 12785: 12781: 12771: 12769: 12756: 12755: 12751: 12743: 12739: 12702: 12698: 12682: 12681: 12674: 12672: 12667: 12666: 12662: 12646: 12645: 12638: 12636: 12631: 12630: 12623: 12613: 12611: 12596: 12592: 12582: 12580: 12567: 12566: 12562: 12556:Wayback Machine 12546: 12542: 12536:Wayback Machine 12527: 12523: 12502: 12498: 12488: 12486: 12473: 12472: 12468: 12458: 12456: 12441: 12437: 12421: 12417: 12407: 12405: 12404:on 23 June 2021 12401: 12370: 12364: 12360: 12315: 12311: 12270: 12266: 12256: 12254: 12250: 12211: 12205: 12201: 12191: 12189: 12176: 12175: 12171: 12165:Wayback Machine 12156: 12152: 12142:Wayback Machine 12129: 12125: 12113:Wayback Machine 12103: 12099: 12093:Wayback Machine 12083: 12079: 12073:Wayback Machine 12064: 12060: 12050: 12048: 12033: 12029: 12005: 12001: 11991:Wayback Machine 11978: 11974: 11967: 11948: 11944: 11934: 11932: 11919: 11918: 11914: 11869: 11865: 11824:(4): e1002563. 11810: 11806: 11796: 11794: 11781: 11780: 11776: 11769:Martin Paul Eve 11761: 11757: 11718: 11714: 11679: 11672: 11662: 11660: 11645: 11641: 11626: 11622: 11577: 11573: 11528: 11524: 11505: 11501: 11491: 11489: 11474: 11470: 11423: 11419: 11390: 11386: 11355:(6154): 60–65. 11341: 11337: 11296: 11292: 11245: 11241: 11193: 11189: 11179: 11177: 11132: 11128: 11056: 11052: 10993: 10989: 10952: 10948: 10907:(2): e3000117. 10893: 10889: 10840:(1): e0147913. 10826: 10822: 10774: 10770: 10741: 10737: 10727: 10725: 10677: 10673: 10620: 10616: 10560: 10556: 10501: 10492: 10429: 10425: 10392:(4): e1008565. 10378: 10374: 10364: 10362: 10331: 10327: 10317: 10315: 10262: 10258: 10202: 10198: 10188: 10186: 10182: 10151: 10145: 10141: 10125:10.1038/532306a 10096: 10092: 10037: 10033: 9988: 9984: 9972: 9970: 9961: 9960: 9937: 9933: 9923: 9921: 9906: 9902: 9863: 9859: 9804: 9800: 9745: 9741: 9688: 9679: 9660: 9656: 9650:Wayback Machine 9641: 9637: 9592: 9588: 9582:Wayback Machine 9573: 9569: 9516: 9505: 9450: 9443: 9433: 9431: 9416: 9412: 9357: 9353: 9343:Wayback Machine 9333: 9329: 9312: 9308: 9298: 9296: 9263: 9256: 9209: 9202: 9189:(15 May 2001). 9183: 9179: 9170:Wayback Machine 9160: 9156: 9150:Wayback Machine 9141: 9137: 9096: 9087: 9077: 9075: 9044: 9035: 8982: 8975: 8944: 8937: 8884: 8877: 8820: 8809: 8753: 8746: 8736: 8734: 8721: 8720: 8716: 8710:Wayback Machine 8701: 8694: 8687: 8683: 8636: 8632: 8622: 8620: 8611: 8610: 8606: 8537: 8533: 8523: 8521: 8512: 8511: 8504: 8457: 8453: 8443: 8441: 8428: 8427: 8423: 8407:10.1038/500386a 8392:(7463): 386–7. 8378: 8374: 8364: 8362: 8358: 8351: 8347: 8346: 8342: 8332: 8330: 8317: 8316: 8312: 8279: 8275: 8220: 8213: 8158: 8151: 8138: 8134: 8097: 8093: 8087:Wayback Machine 8078: 8074: 8027: 8023: 8015: 8011: 8005:Wayback Machine 7996: 7992: 7978:Feral Librarian 7970: 7966: 7947: 7943: 7933: 7931: 7916: 7912: 7902: 7900: 7891: 7890: 7886: 7876: 7874: 7859: 7855: 7845: 7843: 7806: 7802: 7796:Wayback Machine 7787: 7783: 7778:Wayback Machine 7768: 7764: 7758:Wayback Machine 7749: 7745: 7739:Wayback Machine 7730: 7726: 7709: 7708: 7704: 7692: 7690: 7681: 7680: 7664: 7660: 7650: 7648: 7619: 7615: 7605: 7604: 7600: 7587: 7586: 7582: 7565: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7548: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7490: 7488: 7475: 7474: 7470: 7464:Wayback Machine 7455: 7451: 7445:Wayback Machine 7435: 7431: 7425:Wayback Machine 7416: 7412: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7380: 7378: 7374: 7351:10.1.1.487.5198 7333: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7311: 7304:Library Journal 7298: 7296: 7292: 7245: 7241: 7231: 7229: 7224:. 4 June 2018. 7216: 7215: 7211: 7201: 7199: 7186: 7185: 7181: 7170: 7168: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7146: 7137: 7127: 7125: 7112: 7111: 7107: 7097: 7095: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7067: 7065: 7058:LSA impact blog 7050: 7046: 6997:(8): e0159614. 6983: 6979: 6969: 6967: 6952: 6948: 6938: 6936: 6909: 6905: 6872: 6868: 6859: 6857: 6842: 6838: 6789: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6760: 6759: 6755: 6745: 6743: 6708: 6704: 6696:10.5334/jors.73 6665: 6661: 6637:10.1038/530148a 6608: 6604: 6571:(2): e3000151. 6557: 6550: 6509:(5): e1005473. 6495: 6491: 6462: 6458: 6411: 6407: 6395: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6371: 6367: 6322: 6318: 6308: 6306: 6291: 6287: 6277: 6275: 6260: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6171: 6170: 6166: 6143: 6139: 6129: 6127: 6112: 6103: 6093: 6091: 6076: 6072: 6027: 6023: 5992: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5941: 5935: 5931: 5884: 5880: 5850: 5831: 5812: 5808: 5798: 5796: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5753: 5752: 5748: 5738: 5736: 5725: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5698: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5671: 5667: 5636: 5632: 5609: 5605: 5596: 5595: 5591: 5581: 5579: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5555: 5553: 5540: 5539: 5535: 5506:Science Editing 5498: 5494: 5484: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5461: 5453: 5444: 5429: 5415: 5411: 5401: 5399: 5392:openscience.com 5384: 5380: 5370: 5368: 5356: 5352: 5342: 5340: 5339:. 11 March 2020 5331: 5330: 5326: 5316: 5314: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5247: 5240: 5207: 5203: 5193: 5191: 5162: 5158: 5143: 5139: 5124: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5081:(6): 987–1002. 5070: 5064: 5060: 5013: 5009: 4972: 4968: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4913: 4907: 4903: 4855: 4851: 4814: 4810: 4800: 4798: 4783: 4774: 4723: 4719: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4659: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4636: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4560: 4554: 4550: 4521: 4517: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4335: 4331: 4278:Scientific Data 4270: 4266: 4236: 4232: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4185: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4131: 4127: 4111:10.5596/c16-009 4090: 4086: 4047: 4043: 3988: 3984: 3974: 3972: 3929: 3925: 3888: 3884: 3847: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3773: 3769: 3732: 3728: 3718: 3716: 3701: 3697: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3589: 3585: 3578: 3556: 3552: 3529: 3525: 3506: 3499: 3454: 3445: 3416: 3405: 3358: 3354: 3345:. SFU Library. 3335: 3331: 3284: 3280: 3270: 3268: 3255: 3254: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3220: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3160: 3156: 3142: 3140: 3128: 3122: 3118: 3108: 3106: 3098:Weaver, Roger. 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3037: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3016: 2992: 2988: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2858: 2854: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2783:(8): e0272730. 2767: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2720:Library Journal 2712: 2708: 2685: 2681: 2673: 2669: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2630: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2586: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2549: 2545: 2534: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2507: 2505: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2480: 2478: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2453: 2451: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2398:Open government 2333: 2328: 2209: 2196: 2183: 2178: 2146: 2092:In the US, the 2078: 2072: 2022:base-search.net 1957: 1951: 1919: 1835: 1819: 1776: 1740: 1723:preregistration 1711: 1705: 1679: 1673: 1657: 1640:citation impact 1629:Francis Collins 1605: 1595: 1589: 1580: 1555: 1550: 1466: 1423: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1378: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1352: 1341: 1337: 1330: 1274: 1239: 1165: 1157:Wayback Machine 1146:Wayback Machine 1095: 1075: 1069: 1063: 1007: 1005: 950: 944: 926:. Embargo-free 924:social sciences 893: 891:Embargo periods 884: 851: 816: 792:business models 788: 705: 689: 677:Frontiers in... 639: 596: 564: 544: 538: 530:patent analysis 472: 461: 445:Similar to the 443: 437: 405: 399: 382:philanthropists 365: 359: 351: 339:Mephistophelian 327: 301: 281: 280: 279: 278: 277: 271: 263: 262: 256: 245: 236: 228: 171:3) the cost of 120:fiction writing 46: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 16914: 16904: 16903: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16856: 16855: 16853: 16852: 16851: 16850: 16840: 16828: 16825: 16824: 16822: 16821: 16820: 16819: 16807: 16806: 16805: 16793: 16792: 16791: 16779: 16774: 16773: 16772: 16760: 16759: 16758: 16746: 16741: 16736: 16735: 16734: 16722: 16721: 16720: 16708: 16707: 16706: 16694: 16689: 16687:Garrett Hardin 16684: 16683: 16682: 16670: 16669: 16668: 16656: 16651: 16650: 16649: 16636: 16634: 16622: 16621: 16619: 16618: 16613: 16612: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16579: 16578: 16577: 16572: 16564: 16559: 16549: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16514: 16509: 16504: 16499: 16498: 16497: 16492: 16482: 16475: 16470: 16465: 16460: 16458:Eminent domain 16455: 16450: 16449: 16448: 16441:Bioprospecting 16437: 16435: 16433:redistribution 16424: 16423: 16420: 16419: 16417: 16416: 16415: 16414: 16409: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16388: 16387: 16375: 16370: 16369: 16368: 16363: 16358: 16348: 16343: 16342: 16341: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16310: 16308: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16300: 16299: 16298: 16293: 16288: 16283: 16278: 16268: 16263: 16262: 16261: 16251: 16244: 16239: 16238: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16217: 16209: 16200: 16194: 16190: 16189: 16187: 16186: 16185: 16184: 16174: 16169: 16164: 16163: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16142: 16137: 16135:Natural rights 16132: 16127: 16126: 16125: 16115: 16110: 16105: 16100: 16095: 16090: 16089: 16088: 16083: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16062: 16061: 16051: 16045: 16043: 16039: 16038: 16036: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16004: 16002: 15996: 15995: 15993: 15992: 15991: 15990: 15980: 15975: 15974: 15973: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15947: 15945: 15941: 15940: 15938: 15937: 15932: 15927: 15922: 15917: 15912: 15907: 15902: 15897: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15871: 15869: 15865: 15864: 15857: 15856: 15849: 15842: 15834: 15825: 15824: 15822: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15770: 15768: 15764: 15763: 15761: 15760: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15692: 15690: 15689:Related topics 15686: 15685: 15683: 15682: 15677: 15672: 15670:Web of Science 15667: 15662: 15657: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15640:Google Scholar 15636: 15634: 15628: 15627: 15625: 15624: 15619: 15614: 15609: 15604: 15598: 15596: 15592: 15591: 15589: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15576:Serials crisis 15573: 15572: 15571: 15561: 15555: 15553: 15549: 15548: 15546: 15545: 15543:Scientometrics 15540: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15520: 15515: 15513:Citation index 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15490: 15485: 15479: 15477: 15473: 15472: 15470: 15469: 15464: 15462:Poster session 15459: 15458: 15457: 15452: 15442: 15441: 15440: 15435: 15425: 15420: 15414: 15412: 15408: 15407: 15405: 15404: 15399: 15394: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15374: 15368: 15366: 15360: 15359: 15357: 15356: 15351: 15349:Position paper 15346: 15344:Review article 15341: 15340: 15339: 15328: 15326: 15322: 15321: 15319: 15318: 15317: 15316: 15306: 15300: 15298: 15294: 15293: 15286: 15285: 15278: 15271: 15263: 15254: 15253: 15250: 15249: 15247: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15225: 15224: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15201: 15200: 15199: 15194: 15183: 15181: 15174: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15127: 15125: 15119: 15118: 15116: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15070: 15064: 15062: 15058: 15057: 15055: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14998: 14996: 14992: 14991: 14988: 14987: 14985: 14984: 14979: 14973: 14971: 14967: 14966: 14964: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14937: 14935: 14931: 14930: 14928: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14911: 14910: 14900: 14899: 14898: 14893: 14881: 14879: 14875: 14874: 14871: 14870: 14868: 14867: 14862: 14861: 14860: 14845: 14843: 14839: 14838: 14836: 14835: 14834: 14833: 14832: 14831: 14826: 14816: 14809:Open education 14805: 14803: 14799: 14798: 14796: 14795: 14790: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14769: 14767: 14760: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14750: 14749: 14748: 14743: 14736:Open knowledge 14733: 14728: 14723: 14717: 14715: 14709: 14708: 14706: 14705: 14704: 14703: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14673: 14667: 14665: 14661: 14660: 14658: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14621: 14616: 14610: 14608: 14601: 14595: 14594: 14583: 14582: 14575: 14568: 14560: 14551: 14550: 14548: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14535:Open knowledge 14532: 14527: 14522: 14520:Open education 14517: 14512: 14506: 14503: 14502: 14500: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14483: 14481: 14477: 14476: 14474: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14362: 14360: 14356: 14355: 14353: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14287: 14273: 14268: 14262: 14260: 14254: 14253: 14251: 14250: 14245: 14240: 14235: 14230: 14228:Self-archiving 14224: 14222: 14218: 14217: 14215: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14173: 14171: 14167: 14166: 14164: 14163: 14158: 14153: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14096: 14094: 14090: 14089: 14087: 14086: 14081: 14075: 14072: 14071: 14064: 14063: 14056: 14049: 14041: 14035: 14034: 14024: 14007: 14001: 13971: 13970: 13965: 13959: 13958: 13947: 13946: 13926: 13919: 13918: 13917: 13915: 13914:External links 13912: 13911: 13910: 13890: 13885: 13859: 13846: 13824: 13817: 13798: 13786:Wikimedia Blog 13777: 13764: 13737: 13698: 13645: 13638: 13625: 13603: 13525: 13522: 13521: 13520: 13502: 13482: 13479: 13476: 13475: 13432: 13383: 13350: 13313:(7): 840–847. 13292: 13245: 13219: 13178: 13148: 13109: 13067: 13024: 12999: 12973: 12942: 12911: 12880: 12868: 12838: 12820: 12798: 12779: 12762:www.rcuk.ac.uk 12749: 12737: 12696: 12660: 12621: 12598:Martin, Greg. 12590: 12560: 12540: 12521: 12496: 12466: 12435: 12415: 12381:(2): 787–804. 12375:Scientometrics 12358: 12329:(2): 338–342. 12309: 12280:(1): 213–228. 12274:Scientometrics 12264: 12222:(4): 279–294. 12199: 12169: 12150: 12123: 12097: 12077: 12058: 12027: 12016:(4): 310–314. 12010:Serials Review 11999: 11972: 11965: 11942: 11912: 11883:(4): 364–365. 11863: 11804: 11774: 11755: 11712: 11693:(2): 163–169. 11670: 11639: 11620: 11571: 11522: 11499: 11468: 11417: 11384: 11335: 11306:(1): 255–273. 11300:Scientometrics 11290: 11239: 11204:(3): 353–362. 11187: 11146:(6): 739–741. 11126: 11050: 10987: 10966:(2): 263–283. 10946: 10887: 10820: 10768: 10755:(4): 363–372. 10735: 10671: 10634:(2): 107–115. 10614: 10554: 10490: 10423: 10372: 10325: 10256: 10196: 10162:(4): 863–889. 10139: 10090: 10031: 9982: 9973:|journal= 9931: 9900: 9857: 9798: 9739: 9677: 9654: 9635: 9586: 9567: 9503: 9441: 9410: 9351: 9327: 9306: 9254: 9225:(7): 2129–34. 9200: 9177: 9154: 9135: 9085: 9033: 8973: 8935: 8875: 8830:(2): 555–564. 8824:Scientometrics 8807: 8744: 8714: 8692: 8681: 8630: 8604: 8541:Cameron Neylon 8531: 8502: 8451: 8421: 8372: 8340: 8323:Press Releases 8310: 8273: 8211: 8149: 8132: 8111:(3): 425–431. 8091: 8072: 8021: 8009: 7990: 7964: 7941: 7910: 7884: 7853: 7820:(2): 186–191. 7800: 7781: 7762: 7743: 7724: 7702: 7693:|journal= 7676:10.7912/C2KW2F 7658: 7613: 7598: 7580: 7558: 7528: 7498: 7468: 7449: 7429: 7410: 7388: 7377:on 28 May 2008 7344:(7): 821–839. 7321: 7290: 7239: 7209: 7179: 7152: 7135: 7105: 7088:wellcome.ac.uk 7075: 7044: 6977: 6946: 6903: 6866: 6836: 6799:(2): 475–494. 6793:Scientometrics 6783: 6753: 6722:(1): 106–122. 6702: 6659: 6602: 6548: 6489: 6456: 6405: 6396:|journal= 6365: 6316: 6285: 6251: 6221: 6190: 6164: 6137: 6101: 6070: 6021: 5986: 5929: 5878: 5829: 5806: 5776: 5746: 5719: 5687: 5665: 5646:(2): 373–385. 5640:Scientometrics 5630: 5603: 5589: 5563: 5533: 5492: 5470: 5442: 5427: 5409: 5378: 5350: 5324: 5294: 5274: 5261:(3): 231–241. 5238: 5201: 5176:(3): 270–275. 5156: 5137: 5115: 5058: 5007: 4966: 4924:(4): 293–308. 4901: 4849: 4828:(3): 258–259. 4808: 4772: 4717: 4684: 4653: 4634: 4615: 4548: 4515: 4466: 4440: 4410: 4380: 4329: 4264: 4230: 4228:, pp. 7–8 4218: 4206: 4172: 4125: 4084: 4057:(1): 241–254. 4051:Scientometrics 4041: 3982: 3923: 3902:(4): 325–329. 3882: 3861:(2): 173–175. 3838: 3767: 3746:(2): 209–224. 3726: 3695: 3642:(6292): 1405. 3626: 3583: 3576: 3550: 3523: 3497: 3468:(4): 261–262. 3443: 3430:(2): 428–443. 3403: 3352: 3343:Radical Access 3329: 3278: 3261:Cambridge Core 3245: 3211: 3199: 3187: 3174:(4): 919–932. 3154: 3116: 3090: 3051:(1): 106–122. 3028: 3014: 2986: 2957:(3): 141–148. 2935: 2905: 2875: 2852: 2849:on 1 May 2013. 2830: 2761: 2729: 2706: 2679: 2667: 2655: 2607: 2588:Suber, Peter. 2570: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2543: 2516: 2489: 2471:"SHERPA/RoMEO" 2462: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2195: 2192: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2170:Google Scholar 2145: 2142: 2113:European Union 2098:PubMed Central 2074:Main article: 2071: 2068: 2014:Google Scholar 1961:World Wide Web 1950: 1947: 1923:Web of Science 1918: 1915: 1834: 1831: 1818: 1817:Infrastructure 1815: 1775: 1772: 1739: 1736: 1704: 1701: 1672: 1669: 1656: 1653: 1588: 1585: 1579: 1576: 1554: 1553:Article impact 1551: 1549: 1546: 1519:copyright term 1460: 1428:impact factors 1422: 1419: 1404: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1374:Main article: 1370: 1369: 1344: 1342: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1286:Latin American 1273: 1270: 1255:junior college 1238: 1235: 1174:serials crisis 1164: 1161: 1150:webinar series 1094: 1091: 1062: 1059: 1032:serials crisis 1004: 1001: 992: 991: 980: 958:World Wide Web 946:Main article: 943: 940: 928:self-archiving 892: 889: 883: 880: 850: 847: 815: 812: 787: 784: 775:peer reviewers 759:double dipping 755:Ubiquity Press 710:research grant 688: 685: 656:Annual Reviews 648:BioMed Central 638: 635: 595: 592: 563: 560: 540:Main article: 537: 534: 439:Main article: 436: 433: 403:Shadow library 398: 395: 390:impact factors 370:advertisements 358: 355: 350: 347: 335:double dipping 326: 323: 304:Self-archiving 300: 297: 275:PubMed Central 272: 265: 264: 257: 250: 249: 248: 247: 246: 244: 241: 235: 232: 227: 224: 162:behind paywall 140:emergency room 108:serials crisis 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16913: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16868: 16866: 16849: 16846: 16845: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836:Categories: 16830: 16829: 16826: 16818: 16817: 16813: 16812: 16811: 16808: 16804: 16803: 16799: 16798: 16797: 16794: 16790: 16789: 16785: 16784: 16783: 16780: 16778: 16777:David Ricardo 16775: 16771: 16770: 16766: 16765: 16764: 16761: 16757: 16756: 16752: 16751: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16744:Elinor Ostrom 16742: 16740: 16737: 16733: 16732: 16728: 16727: 16726: 16723: 16719: 16718: 16714: 16713: 16712: 16709: 16705: 16704: 16700: 16699: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16681: 16680: 16676: 16675: 16674: 16671: 16667: 16666: 16662: 16661: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16648: 16647: 16643: 16642: 16641: 16638: 16637: 16635: 16631: 16623: 16617: 16614: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16591: 16590: 16587: 16583: 16580: 16576: 16573: 16571: 16568: 16567: 16565: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16554: 16553: 16550: 16548: 16545: 16543: 16542:Privatization 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16522:Legal plunder 16520: 16518: 16515: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16503: 16500: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16487: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16480: 16476: 16474: 16473:Expropriation 16471: 16469: 16466: 16464: 16461: 16459: 16456: 16454: 16451: 16447: 16444: 16443: 16442: 16439: 16438: 16436: 16434: 16429: 16425: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16404: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16386: 16385: 16381: 16380: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16353: 16352: 16349: 16347: 16344: 16340: 16337: 16336: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16311: 16309: 16305: 16297: 16294: 16292: 16289: 16287: 16284: 16282: 16279: 16277: 16274: 16273: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16260: 16257: 16256: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16249: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16222: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16214: 16210: 16208: 16207:(watercourse) 16206: 16202: 16201: 16198: 16195: 16191: 16183: 16180: 16179: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16168: 16165: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16150:primogeniture 16148: 16147: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16130:Legal plunder 16128: 16124: 16121: 16120: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16091: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16081:appropriation 16079: 16078: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16071:Excludability 16069: 16067: 16064: 16060: 16057: 16056: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16046: 16044: 16040: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16005: 16003: 16001: 15997: 15989: 15986: 15985: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15972: 15969: 15968: 15967: 15964: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15948: 15946: 15942: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15901: 15898: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15872: 15870: 15866: 15862: 15855: 15850: 15848: 15843: 15841: 15836: 15835: 15832: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15771: 15769: 15765: 15758: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15726:Open research 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15693: 15691: 15687: 15681: 15678: 15676: 15673: 15671: 15668: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15651: 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15637: 15635: 15633: 15629: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15608: 15605: 15603: 15600: 15599: 15597: 15593: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15570: 15567: 15566: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15556: 15554: 15550: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15533:Impact factor 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15503:Bibliometrics 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15489: 15486: 15484: 15481: 15480: 15478: 15474: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15447: 15446: 15443: 15439: 15436: 15434: 15431: 15430: 15429: 15426: 15424: 15421: 15419: 15416: 15415: 15413: 15409: 15403: 15400: 15398: 15395: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15387:Annual report 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15372:Working paper 15370: 15369: 15367: 15365: 15361: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15338: 15335: 15334: 15333: 15330: 15329: 15327: 15323: 15315: 15314:Public health 15312: 15311: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15301: 15299: 15295: 15291: 15284: 15279: 15277: 15272: 15270: 15265: 15264: 15261: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15212:Free Software 15210: 15208: 15205: 15204: 15202: 15198: 15195: 15193: 15190: 15189: 15188: 15185: 15184: 15182: 15178: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15128: 15126: 15120: 15114: 15113:John Wilbanks 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15069: 15066: 15065: 15063: 15059: 15053: 15050: 15048: 15045: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14999: 14997: 14995:Organizations 14993: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14974: 14972: 14968: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14956:Open standard 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14938: 14936: 14932: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14909: 14906: 14905: 14904: 14901: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14882: 14880: 14876: 14866: 14863: 14859: 14855: 14852: 14851: 14850: 14849:Citizen media 14847: 14846: 14844: 14840: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14821: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14811: 14810: 14807: 14806: 14804: 14800: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14786: 14784: 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14770: 14768: 14764: 14761: 14759:and learning 14757:Communication 14755: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14738: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14718: 14716: 14714:and knowledge 14710: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14678: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14668: 14666: 14662: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14630: 14626: 14622: 14620: 14619:Crowdsourcing 14617: 14615: 14612: 14611: 14609: 14605: 14602: 14596: 14592: 14588: 14581: 14576: 14574: 14569: 14567: 14562: 14561: 14558: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14530:Open hardware 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14507: 14504: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14484: 14482: 14478: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14363: 14361: 14357: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14284: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14263: 14261: 14259:organizations 14255: 14249: 14246: 14244: 14241: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14225: 14223: 14219: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14174: 14172: 14168: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14154: 14152: 14149: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14106: 14102: 14098: 14097: 14095: 14091: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14076: 14073: 14069: 14062: 14057: 14055: 14050: 14048: 14043: 14042: 14039: 14032: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14019: 14015: 14011: 14008: 14005: 14002: 13999: 13995: 13991: 13987: 13983: 13979: 13976: 13975: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13960: 13955: 13950: 13941: 13940: 13939: 13933: 13929: 13900: 13896: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13871: 13864: 13860: 13853: 13849: 13847:9780262512664 13843: 13839: 13832: 13831: 13825: 13820: 13814: 13810: 13806: 13805: 13799: 13787: 13783: 13778: 13775: 13771: 13768: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13751: 13747: 13743: 13738: 13734: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13716: 13712: 13708: 13704: 13699: 13695: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13667: 13663: 13660:(6): e20961. 13659: 13655: 13651: 13646: 13643: 13639: 13628: 13622: 13618: 13614: 13613: 13608: 13604: 13601: 13597: 13593: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13578:are pursuing 13577: 13573: 13569: 13565: 13561: 13557: 13553: 13549: 13548: 13543: 13539: 13535: 13534:Peter Baldwin 13531: 13528: 13527: 13518: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13503: 13501: 13499: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13484: 13471: 13467: 13463: 13459: 13455: 13451: 13447: 13443: 13436: 13428: 13424: 13420: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13387: 13378: 13373: 13369: 13365: 13361: 13354: 13346: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13328: 13324: 13320: 13316: 13312: 13308: 13304: 13296: 13288: 13284: 13280: 13276: 13272: 13268: 13264: 13260: 13256: 13249: 13234: 13230: 13223: 13215: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13197: 13193: 13189: 13182: 13166: 13162: 13158: 13152: 13144: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13120: 13113: 13098: 13094: 13090: 13086: 13082: 13078: 13071: 13063: 13059: 13055: 13051: 13047: 13043: 13039: 13035: 13028: 13013: 13009: 13003: 12987: 12983: 12977: 12961: 12957: 12953: 12946: 12930: 12926: 12922: 12915: 12899: 12895: 12894:Science Blogs 12891: 12884: 12877: 12872: 12856: 12852: 12848: 12847:"Open Access" 12842: 12834: 12830: 12824: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12802: 12794: 12790: 12783: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12753: 12746: 12741: 12733: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12715: 12711: 12707: 12700: 12692: 12686: 12670: 12669:"Search CORE" 12664: 12656: 12650: 12634: 12628: 12626: 12609: 12605: 12601: 12594: 12578: 12574: 12573:road.issn.org 12570: 12564: 12557: 12553: 12550: 12544: 12537: 12533: 12530: 12525: 12516: 12511: 12507: 12500: 12484: 12480: 12476: 12470: 12454: 12450: 12446: 12439: 12431: 12427: 12419: 12400: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12369: 12362: 12354: 12350: 12346: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12328: 12324: 12320: 12313: 12305: 12301: 12297: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12279: 12275: 12268: 12249: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12210: 12203: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12173: 12166: 12162: 12159: 12154: 12147: 12143: 12139: 12136: 12132: 12127: 12120: 12119: 12114: 12110: 12107: 12101: 12094: 12090: 12087: 12081: 12074: 12070: 12067: 12062: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12031: 12023: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12003: 11996: 11992: 11988: 11985: 11981: 11976: 11968: 11966:9781107484016 11962: 11957: 11955: 11946: 11930: 11926: 11922: 11916: 11908: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11878: 11874: 11867: 11859: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11823: 11819: 11818:PLOS Medicine 11815: 11808: 11792: 11788: 11784: 11778: 11770: 11766: 11759: 11750: 11745: 11740: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11716: 11708: 11704: 11700: 11696: 11692: 11688: 11684: 11677: 11675: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11643: 11635: 11631: 11624: 11616: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11582: 11575: 11567: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11549: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11526: 11518: 11514: 11510: 11503: 11487: 11483: 11479: 11472: 11464: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11421: 11412: 11407: 11403: 11399: 11395: 11388: 11380: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11362: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11339: 11331: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11313: 11309: 11305: 11301: 11294: 11286: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11258: 11254: 11250: 11243: 11235: 11231: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11191: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11130: 11122: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11070: 11066: 11062: 11054: 11046: 11042: 11038: 11034: 11030: 11026: 11022: 11018: 11014: 11010: 11006: 11002: 10998: 10991: 10983: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10950: 10942: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10924: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10906: 10902: 10898: 10891: 10883: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10865: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10824: 10816: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10772: 10763: 10758: 10754: 10750: 10746: 10739: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10675: 10667: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10633: 10629: 10625: 10618: 10610: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10592: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10558: 10550: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10514: 10510: 10509:F1000Research 10506: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10486: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10468: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10450: 10446: 10442: 10438: 10434: 10427: 10419: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10391: 10387: 10386:PLOS Genetics 10383: 10376: 10360: 10356: 10352: 10348: 10344: 10340: 10336: 10329: 10313: 10309: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10291: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10271: 10267: 10260: 10252: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10225: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10211:F1000Research 10208: 10200: 10181: 10177: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10161: 10157: 10150: 10143: 10135: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10094: 10086: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10050: 10046: 10045:F1000Research 10042: 10035: 10027: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10009: 10005: 10002:(7691): 147. 10001: 9997: 9993: 9986: 9978: 9965: 9957: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9935: 9919: 9915: 9911: 9904: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9884: 9880: 9876: 9872: 9868: 9861: 9853: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9835: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9802: 9794: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9743: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9693: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9673: 9670:. Alma Swan. 9669: 9665: 9658: 9651: 9647: 9644: 9639: 9631: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9590: 9583: 9579: 9576: 9571: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9514: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9499: 9495: 9490: 9485: 9481: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9458:F1000Research 9455: 9448: 9446: 9429: 9426:. Alma Swan. 9425: 9421: 9414: 9406: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9355: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9331: 9322: 9317: 9310: 9294: 9290: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9272: 9268: 9261: 9259: 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9224: 9220: 9219: 9214: 9207: 9205: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9181: 9174: 9171: 9167: 9164: 9158: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9139: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9029: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8980: 8978: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8942: 8940: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8882: 8880: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8803: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8759: 8751: 8749: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8718: 8711: 8707: 8704: 8699: 8697: 8690: 8685: 8677: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8641: 8634: 8618: 8614: 8608: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8551: 8546: 8542: 8535: 8519: 8515: 8509: 8507: 8498: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8455: 8439: 8435: 8434:www.mpg.de/en 8431: 8425: 8417: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8376: 8357: 8350: 8344: 8328: 8325:. europa.eu. 8324: 8320: 8314: 8305: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8234:(6): e11273. 8233: 8229: 8225: 8218: 8216: 8207: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8156: 8154: 8146: 8142: 8136: 8127: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8095: 8088: 8084: 8081: 8076: 8068: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8032: 8025: 8018: 8013: 8006: 8002: 7999: 7994: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7968: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7945: 7929: 7925: 7921: 7914: 7898: 7894: 7888: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7857: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7804: 7797: 7793: 7790: 7785: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7766: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7747: 7740: 7736: 7733: 7728: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7706: 7698: 7685: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7662: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7617: 7609: 7602: 7594: 7590: 7584: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7562: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7472: 7465: 7461: 7458: 7457:Portal NARCIS 7453: 7446: 7442: 7439: 7433: 7426: 7422: 7419: 7414: 7406: 7402: 7398: 7392: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7332: 7325: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7294: 7286: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7253:F1000Research 7250: 7243: 7227: 7223: 7222:LePublikateur 7219: 7213: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7183: 7166: 7162: 7156: 7149: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7109: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7063: 7059: 7055: 7048: 7040: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6981: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6950: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6907: 6898: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6870: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6840: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6787: 6771: 6767: 6763: 6757: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6706: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6663: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6606: 6598: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6555: 6553: 6544: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6484: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6460: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6419:F1000Research 6416: 6409: 6401: 6388: 6380: 6376: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6289: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6258: 6256: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6194: 6178: 6174: 6173:"DOAJ search" 6168: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6074: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6025: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5990: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5873: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5810: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5734: 5730: 5723: 5704: 5697: 5691: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5634: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5607: 5599: 5593: 5577: 5573: 5567: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5496: 5477: 5473: 5467: 5460: 5459: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5428:9780262301732 5424: 5420: 5413: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5382: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5354: 5338: 5334: 5328: 5312: 5309:. 2009–2012. 5308: 5304: 5298: 5287: 5286: 5278: 5269: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5243: 5233: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5152: 5148: 5141: 5133: 5129: 5122: 5120: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5054: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5011: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4970: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4912: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4853: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4712: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4641: 4637: 4635:9789279972386 4631: 4627: 4626: 4619: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4552: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4470: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4414: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4284:(1): 160018. 4283: 4279: 4275: 4268: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4129: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3996:F1000Research 3993: 3986: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3843: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3730: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3502: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3282: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3252: 3250: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3216: 3209:, p. 140 3208: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3150: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3120: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3035: 3033: 3017: 3015:9781107097896 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2990: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2939: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2914:"NLM Catalog" 2909: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2879: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2765: 2746: 2739: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2595: 2591: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2571: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2503: 2499: 2493: 2476: 2472: 2466: 2449: 2445: 2444:"ASAPbio FAQ" 2439: 2435: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2211: 2204: 2202: 2191: 2187: 2173: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2141: 2138: 2135:In 2024, the 2133: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2010:search engine 2007: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1828: 1823: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1784: 1783: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1735: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1678: 1677:Impact factor 1668: 1666: 1662: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1634: 1631:and inventor 1630: 1626: 1622: 1599: 1594: 1587:Citation rate 1584: 1575: 1572: 1567: 1559: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1484:According to 1482: 1479: 1475: 1464: 1458: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1414: 1401: 1387: 1377: 1366: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1343: 1334: 1333: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1269: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1234: 1231: 1230: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1126: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1068: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1051:civil servant 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1000: 998: 989: 985: 981: 978: 974: 970: 969: 968: 966: 961: 959: 955: 949: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 908: 902: 897: 888: 879: 876: 872: 867: 865: 859: 855: 846: 844: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 811: 809: 804: 802: 797: 793: 783: 781: 776: 772: 766: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 743: 741: 737: 733: 732: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 704: 695: 691: 684: 682: 678: 674: 669: 665: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 634: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 609: 600: 591: 589: 585: 579: 575: 573: 572:open research 569: 559: 557: 553: 548: 543: 533: 531: 527: 523: 520:( as well as 519: 515: 511: 507: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 476: 469: 465: 458: 456: 452: 448: 442: 432: 430: 426: 422: 414: 409: 404: 394: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 364: 354: 346: 344: 340: 336: 331: 322: 320: 315: 313: 308: 305: 296: 294: 289: 287: 276: 269: 261: 254: 240: 231: 223: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 200:peer-reviewed 197: 193: 189: 184: 182: 178: 174: 169: 167: 163: 158: 156: 152: 148: 144: 141: 137: 136: 131: 130: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 102: 98: 94: 93:peer reviewed 89: 87: 83: 79: 78:copyrightable 75: 71: 64: 63: 42: 37: 33: 29: 22: 16843:Property law 16814: 16800: 16786: 16767: 16753: 16749:Karl Polanyi 16729: 16725:Marcel Mauss 16715: 16701: 16692:David Harvey 16677: 16673:Henry George 16663: 16654:Ronald Coase 16644: 16629: 16575:wife selling 16557:bride buying 16495:repatriation 16477: 16428:Disposession 16382: 16271:Property law 16246: 16242:Forest types 16212: 16204: 16193:Applications 16123:rent-seeking 16108:Gift economy 15966:Intellectual 15563: 15122:Projects and 15108:Aaron Swartz 15042:Pirate Party 14941:Gift economy 14721:Free content 14696:Science data 14680: 14676:Open science 14628: 14624: 14607:Key concepts 14598:Concepts and 14591:open content 14587:Free culture 14540:Open science 14510:Open content 14456:South Africa 14257:Projects and 14104: 14100: 14067: 13953: 13936: 13935: 13934:profile for 13931: 13902:. Retrieved 13899:Ars Technica 13898: 13877:. Retrieved 13870:the original 13852:the original 13829: 13803: 13790:. Retrieved 13785: 13749: 13745: 13717:(4): 39–47. 13714: 13710: 13701:Hajjem, C.; 13657: 13653: 13630:. Retrieved 13611: 13607:Suber, Peter 13582:rather than 13545: 13537: 13515: 13511:free content 13486: 13445: 13435: 13400: 13396: 13386: 13367: 13364:Publications 13363: 13353: 13310: 13306: 13295: 13254: 13248: 13236:. Retrieved 13232: 13222: 13198:(1): 32–36. 13195: 13191: 13181: 13169:. Retrieved 13160: 13151: 13118: 13112: 13100:. Retrieved 13080: 13070: 13037: 13027: 13015:. Retrieved 13011: 13002: 12990:. Retrieved 12985: 12976: 12964:. Retrieved 12955: 12945: 12933:. Retrieved 12924: 12914: 12902:. Retrieved 12893: 12883: 12871: 12859:. Retrieved 12850: 12841: 12833:the original 12823: 12815:the original 12810: 12801: 12782: 12770:. Retrieved 12761: 12752: 12740: 12713: 12709: 12699: 12673:. Retrieved 12663: 12637:. Retrieved 12612:. Retrieved 12608:the original 12603: 12593: 12581:. Retrieved 12572: 12563: 12543: 12524: 12505: 12499: 12487:. Retrieved 12478: 12469: 12457:. Retrieved 12448: 12438: 12418: 12406:. Retrieved 12399:the original 12378: 12374: 12361: 12326: 12322: 12312: 12277: 12273: 12267: 12255:. Retrieved 12219: 12215: 12202: 12190:. Retrieved 12182:www.dlib.org 12181: 12172: 12153: 12126: 12116: 12100: 12080: 12061: 12049:. Retrieved 12040: 12030: 12013: 12009: 12002: 11994: 11975: 11953: 11945: 11933:. Retrieved 11924: 11915: 11880: 11876: 11866: 11821: 11817: 11807: 11795:. Retrieved 11786: 11777: 11768: 11758: 11729: 11725: 11715: 11690: 11686: 11661:. Retrieved 11657:the original 11652: 11642: 11633: 11623: 11588: 11584: 11574: 11539: 11535: 11525: 11508: 11502: 11490:. Retrieved 11486:the original 11481: 11471: 11434: 11431:BMC Medicine 11430: 11420: 11401: 11397: 11387: 11352: 11348: 11338: 11321:10183/182710 11303: 11299: 11293: 11256: 11253:BMC Medicine 11252: 11242: 11201: 11197: 11190: 11178:. Retrieved 11143: 11139: 11129: 11096:11584/281794 11068: 11064: 11053: 11004: 11000: 10990: 10963: 10959: 10949: 10904: 10901:PLOS Biology 10900: 10890: 10837: 10833: 10823: 10786: 10782: 10771: 10752: 10748: 10738: 10728:25 September 10726:. Retrieved 10689: 10685: 10674: 10631: 10627: 10617: 10572: 10568: 10557: 10512: 10508: 10440: 10436: 10426: 10389: 10385: 10375: 10363:. Retrieved 10338: 10328: 10316:. Retrieved 10312:the original 10273: 10269: 10259: 10214: 10210: 10199: 10187:. Retrieved 10159: 10155: 10142: 10107: 10103: 10093: 10048: 10044: 10034: 9999: 9995: 9985: 9964:cite journal 9934: 9922:. Retrieved 9913: 9903: 9870: 9866: 9860: 9815: 9812:BMC Medicine 9811: 9801: 9756: 9753:PLOS Biology 9752: 9742: 9699: 9695: 9667: 9657: 9638: 9603: 9599: 9589: 9570: 9527: 9523: 9461: 9457: 9432:. Retrieved 9423: 9413: 9368: 9364: 9354: 9346: 9330: 9309: 9297:. Retrieved 9270: 9222: 9216: 9180: 9172: 9157: 9138: 9103: 9099: 9076:. Retrieved 9051: 8993: 8989: 8951: 8947: 8895: 8891: 8827: 8823: 8765: 8761: 8735:. Retrieved 8726: 8717: 8684: 8647: 8643: 8633: 8621:. Retrieved 8616: 8607: 8554: 8548: 8534: 8522:. Retrieved 8468: 8464: 8454: 8442:. Retrieved 8433: 8424: 8389: 8385: 8375: 8363:. Retrieved 8343: 8331:. Retrieved 8322: 8313: 8286: 8282: 8276: 8231: 8227: 8169: 8165: 8144: 8135: 8108: 8104: 8094: 8075: 8038: 8034: 8024: 8012: 7993: 7985: 7977: 7967: 7954: 7944: 7932:. Retrieved 7923: 7913: 7901:. Retrieved 7887: 7875:. Retrieved 7866: 7856: 7844:. Retrieved 7817: 7813: 7803: 7784: 7765: 7746: 7727: 7714: 7705: 7684:cite journal 7661: 7649:. Retrieved 7630: 7626: 7616: 7607: 7601: 7583: 7570: 7561: 7549:. Retrieved 7540: 7531: 7519:. Retrieved 7510: 7501: 7489:. Retrieved 7480: 7471: 7452: 7432: 7413: 7400: 7391: 7379:. Retrieved 7372:the original 7341: 7337: 7324: 7312:. Retrieved 7303: 7293: 7256: 7252: 7242: 7230:. Retrieved 7221: 7212: 7200:. Retrieved 7191: 7182: 7169:. Retrieved 7155: 7126:. Retrieved 7117: 7108: 7096:. Retrieved 7087: 7078: 7066:. Retrieved 7057: 7047: 6994: 6990: 6980: 6968:. Retrieved 6959: 6949: 6937:. Retrieved 6920: 6916: 6906: 6897:10138/157658 6879: 6875: 6869: 6858:, retrieved 6849: 6839: 6814:10138/157660 6796: 6792: 6786: 6774:. Retrieved 6765: 6756: 6744:. Retrieved 6719: 6715: 6705: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6619: 6615: 6605: 6568: 6565:PLOS Biology 6564: 6506: 6502: 6492: 6473: 6470:Publications 6469: 6459: 6422: 6418: 6408: 6387:cite journal 6368: 6333: 6329: 6319: 6307:. Retrieved 6298: 6288: 6276:. Retrieved 6267: 6242:. Retrieved 6233: 6224: 6212:. Retrieved 6203: 6193: 6181:. Retrieved 6167: 6150: 6146: 6140: 6128:. Retrieved 6119: 6092:. Retrieved 6083: 6073: 6038: 6034: 6024: 6002:(1): 13–25. 5999: 5995: 5989: 5977:. Retrieved 5949: 5945: 5932: 5895: 5891: 5881: 5862: 5859:Publications 5858: 5824:10.17617/1.3 5815: 5809: 5797:. Retrieved 5788: 5779: 5767:. Retrieved 5758: 5749: 5737:. Retrieved 5722: 5710:. Retrieved 5690: 5677:, Figshare, 5674: 5668: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5616: 5612: 5606: 5592: 5580:. Retrieved 5566: 5554:. Retrieved 5545: 5536: 5512:(1): 32–38. 5509: 5505: 5495: 5483:. Retrieved 5457: 5418: 5412: 5400:. Retrieved 5391: 5381: 5369:. Retrieved 5363: 5353: 5341:. Retrieved 5336: 5327: 5315:. Retrieved 5306: 5297: 5284: 5277: 5258: 5254: 5217:(3): 53–59. 5214: 5210: 5204: 5192:. Retrieved 5173: 5169: 5159: 5140: 5106:. Retrieved 5078: 5074: 5061: 5024: 5021:PLOS Biology 5020: 5010: 4983: 4980:First Monday 4979: 4969: 4957:. Retrieved 4938:10150/105141 4921: 4917: 4904: 4863: 4859: 4852: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4799:. Retrieved 4790: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4675:. Retrieved 4671:the original 4666: 4656: 4644:. Retrieved 4624: 4618: 4606:. Retrieved 4568: 4564: 4551: 4532: 4528: 4518: 4483: 4479: 4469: 4457:. Retrieved 4443: 4431:. Retrieved 4422: 4413: 4401:. Retrieved 4392: 4383: 4349:(1): 49–56. 4346: 4342: 4332: 4281: 4277: 4267: 4247: 4244:Publications 4243: 4233: 4221: 4209: 4197:. Retrieved 4193:the original 4163:. Retrieved 4138: 4128: 4101: 4097: 4087: 4054: 4050: 4044: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3973:. Retrieved 3940: 3936: 3926: 3899: 3895: 3885: 3858: 3854: 3829:. Retrieved 3784: 3780: 3770: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3717:. Retrieved 3708: 3698: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3617:. Retrieved 3600: 3596: 3586: 3559: 3553: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3465: 3461: 3427: 3423: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3342: 3332: 3295: 3291: 3281: 3269:. Retrieved 3260: 3236:. Retrieved 3232:the original 3227: 3202: 3190: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3147:– via 3141:. Retrieved 3132: 3119: 3107:. Retrieved 3103: 3093: 3081:. Retrieved 3048: 3044: 3019:. Retrieved 2996: 2989: 2954: 2948: 2938: 2926:. Retrieved 2917: 2908: 2896:. Retrieved 2887: 2878: 2861: 2855: 2847:the original 2842: 2833: 2780: 2774: 2764: 2752:. Retrieved 2732: 2719: 2709: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2670: 2658: 2646:. Retrieved 2637: 2598:. Retrieved 2556:THE rankings 2546: 2533:. Retrieved 2519: 2506:. Retrieved 2492: 2479:. Retrieved 2465: 2452:. Retrieved 2438: 2309:South Africa 2197: 2188: 2184: 2164: 2162: 2147: 2134: 2110: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2053: 2042: 2003: 1991:SHERPA/RoMEO 1980: 1977: 1958: 1949:Distribution 1920: 1907:SHERPA/RoMEO 1856: 1848: 1836: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1777: 1768:Beall's List 1748: 1741: 1731:megajournals 1725:of studies, 1712: 1686: 1680: 1658: 1649: 1637: 1633:Jack Andraka 1581: 1568: 1564: 1535: 1499: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1448: 1424: 1360: 1345: 1279: 1275: 1263: 1240: 1227: 1219:Aaron Swartz 1216: 1205: 1182: 1166: 1135: 1127: 1123: 1100: 1096: 1093:Universities 1076: 1039:professional 1036: 1024: 993: 962: 951: 905: 885: 868: 860: 856: 852: 840: 836:SHERPA/RoMEO 814:Preprint use 805: 789: 767: 763: 744: 735: 729: 725: 713: 706: 690: 660: 640: 624: 605: 580: 576: 568:open science 565: 545: 470: 459: 447:free content 444: 418: 366: 352: 328: 316: 312:free license 309: 302: 290: 282: 237: 229: 222:and images. 192:pay-per-view 188:access tolls 185: 170: 159: 133: 127: 105: 90: 86:open license 73: 69: 68: 61: 32: 16717:Das Kapital 16604:progressive 16594:inheritance 16517:Land reform 16291:real estate 16266:Land tenure 16254:Inheritance 16182:anticommons 16118:Law of rent 16098:Game theory 16028:Information 16008:Common land 15905:Cooperative 15706:Peer review 15586:#ICanHazPDF 15564:Open access 15523:Eigenfactor 15467:Proceedings 15377:White paper 15222:Open Source 15166:OpenWetWare 15103:Peter Sunde 15098:Peter Suber 14951:Open patent 14915:Open gaming 14793:Peer review 14640:Open source 14545:Open source 14431:New Zealand 14426:Netherlands 14279: [ 14068:Open access 13986:Peter Suber 13954:Open access 13938:Open access 13752:(1): 2014. 13612:Open access 13592:White House 13588:information 13574:pressures, 12861:19 December 12772:12 February 10692:(1): 0021. 10575:(1): 0021. 9759:(5): e157. 9702:: 103–111. 9530:: 103–111. 9106:(9): 2116. 8737:26 February 8524:26 February 8471:(4): e115. 7846:2 September 7491:26 February 7401:dfid.gov.uk 6130:14 December 6084:UA Magazine 5979:9 September 5675:APC Pricing 5419:Open access 5365:OpenScience 5232:10393/35779 4959:9 September 4677:26 November 3021:30 December 2870:10864/10660 2600:29 November 2284:New Zealand 2279:Netherlands 2130:paper mills 2102:Joe Biden's 2066:(Spanish). 1879:institution 1714:Peer review 1306:open-source 1288:countries. 1266:health care 965:peer review 942:Motivations 780:peer review 646:(PLOS) and 510:data mining 425:#ICanHazPDF 226:Definitions 196:author fees 70:Open access 21:Open source 16865:Categories 16848:by country 16810:Adam Smith 16697:John Locke 16361:indigenous 16356:aboriginal 16276:alienation 15971:indigenous 15961:Intangible 15875:Collective 15622:Retraction 15595:Versioning 15488:Altmetrics 15433:Biological 14842:Journalism 14824:Admissions 14819:University 14359:By country 14221:Strategies 14170:Statements 14141:Manuscript 14022:1040261573 13792:10 January 13724:cs/0606079 13632:20 October 13564:monographs 13017:30 January 12966:17 October 12935:17 October 12904:17 October 12745:Suber 2012 12639:16 January 12287:1511.08096 11663:30 October 11259:(1): 230. 11007:: 136454. 9947:1801.08992 9349:, Chandos. 9113:1506.07608 8837:1503.05702 8768:: e16800. 8623:13 October 7521:20 October 7314:18 October 7148:Suber 2012 6686:1503.02388 6309:27 October 6278:27 October 6041:: e63663. 5799:27 October 5769:27 October 5582:27 October 5556:27 October 5317:20 October 5194:4 February 4737:: 100001. 4226:Suber 2012 4214:Suber 2012 4199:3 December 3665:1808/20978 3512:(Report). 3238:27 October 3207:Suber 2012 3195:Suber 2012 2566:References 2343:Altmetrics 2207:By country 2144:Compliance 2121:publishers 2085:mandates. 2058:(Polish), 2006:web search 1989:register. 1953:See also: 1883:discipline 1782:The Lancet 1774:Open irony 1707:See also: 1675:See also: 1665:altmetrics 1655:Altmetrics 1593:FUTON bias 1591:See also: 1578:Readership 1212:publishing 1169:librarians 1065:See also: 1047:journalist 1043:researcher 916:humanities 736:per author 701:See also: 679:journals, 664:publishers 518:economists 401:See also: 361:See also: 216:monographs 206:articles, 155:prednisone 112:newspapers 62:PhD Comics 16711:Karl Marx 16512:Land Back 16463:Enclosure 16446:biopiracy 16384:Bergregal 16366:squatting 16140:Ownership 16054:Commodity 16033:Knowledge 15944:By nature 15900:Customary 15890:Community 15607:Postprint 15450:Monograph 15402:Lab notes 15161:OpenCores 15124:movements 15061:Activists 14802:Education 14600:practices 14515:Open data 14366:Australia 14151:Postprint 13994:757073363 13838:MIT Press 13703:Harnad, S 13617:MIT Press 13576:academics 13568:libraries 13554:writes: " 13542:MIT Press 13498:CC BY 4.0 13470:246943816 13427:244600816 13419:2641-3337 13370:(4): 45. 13327:1073-449X 13287:232481789 13271:0028-0836 13214:2048-7754 13135:0028-0836 13062:259023820 12732:1923-0702 12489:4 January 12459:4 January 12395:207236780 12236:0194-262X 12131:Harnad, S 11980:Harnad, S 11840:1549-1676 11707:228961066 11634:O'Really? 11492:5 January 11437:(1): 28. 11218:1547-769X 11180:5 January 11162:1090-820X 11121:209168864 11105:0028-0836 11045:210150077 11029:0048-9697 10982:0022-0418 10923:1545-7885 10864:1932-6203 10648:1610-1995 10591:2397-3374 10531:2046-1402 10467:0027-8424 10365:3 January 10318:3 January 10290:0378-1097 10233:2046-1402 10189:28 August 10176:164984479 10067:2046-1402 9924:3 January 9887:2330-1635 9834:1741-7015 9818:(1): 73. 9775:1545-7885 9734:232409668 9718:0167-8760 9562:232409668 9546:0167-8760 9480:2046-1402 9434:3 January 9387:2167-8359 9371:: e4375. 9321:0906.5418 9299:3 January 9289:2263-0856 9249:205367842 9078:3 January 9068:155854134 9010:0959-8138 8960:0031-9376 8930:205367842 8914:0892-6638 8862:1588-2861 8784:2050-084X 8650:: e4375. 8599:Q99410785 8573:2050-084X 8365:25 August 8333:25 August 8304:2376/4903 8188:2167-8359 8172:: e4375. 8041:(2): e8. 7934:1 January 7924:The Verge 7867:The Verge 7836:2048-7754 7551:4 October 7346:CiteSeerX 7098:6 January 7068:6 January 7021:1932-6203 6970:28 August 6939:6 January 6929:1368-1613 6860:6 January 6823:1588-2861 6746:28 August 6679:(1): 32. 6065:236300530 6057:2518-3354 5898:: e3878. 5865:(2): 34. 5739:28 August 5712:28 August 5600:. Nature. 5528:233380569 5485:30 August 5437:795846161 5343:6 October 5108:28 August 5095:144222460 4767:219903509 4759:2666-2779 4646:28 August 4608:28 August 4578:1410.2926 4529:SAGE Open 4510:256707733 4459:31 August 4423:europa.eu 4375:0167-5265 4306:961158301 4155:0036-8075 4120:1708-6892 4079:189875585 4071:1588-2861 4018:2046-1402 3957:0036-8075 3918:1741-4857 3877:1741-4857 3803:2050-084X 3762:2673-9585 3740:Knowledge 3690:206650745 3674:0036-8075 3609:2561-7397 3539:(1): 50. 3372:: e4375. 3298:: e3878. 3083:28 August 3065:0961-0006 2807:1932-6203 2535:28 August 2508:28 August 2487:database. 2481:28 August 2454:28 August 2388:Open data 2214:Australia 2165:voluntary 2038:Unpaywall 1871:postprint 1627:Director 1259:start-ups 984:copyright 907:Embargoes 882:Archiving 832:published 828:postprint 796:societies 612:publisher 542:FAIR data 421:paywalled 349:Bronze OA 325:Hybrid OA 319:postprint 183:readers. 157:in 1954. 151:paywalled 143:physician 116:magazines 110:, unlike 101:have been 16838:Property 16731:The Gift 16630:key work 16625:Scholars 16609:property 16566:spousal 16532:Poaching 16468:Eviction 16412:riparian 16373:Littoral 16281:easement 16259:executor 16230:literary 16155:usufruct 16103:Georgism 15983:Tangible 15978:Personal 15885:Communal 15868:By owner 15861:Property 15680:OpenAlex 15675:Paperity 15602:Preprint 15438:Chemical 15392:Pamphlet 15337:Abstract 15297:Journals 15187:Licenses 14908:Robotics 14878:Products 14691:Research 14645:Openness 14446:Portugal 14305:OpenAIRE 14282:Wikidata 14146:Preprint 14093:Concepts 14084:Timeline 13694:21695139 13654:PLOS ONE 13609:(2012). 13500:license. 13462:35177842 13345:31968182 13279:33790439 13165:Archived 13143:38822103 13097:38575826 13054:37264131 12992:16 March 12960:Archived 12929:Archived 12898:Archived 12855:Archived 12793:Archived 12766:Archived 12685:cite web 12675:11 March 12649:cite web 12577:Archived 12552:Archived 12532:Archived 12483:Archived 12453:Archived 12408:27 March 12345:17884971 12304:17753803 12248:Archived 12244:63819187 12192:10 March 12186:Archived 12161:Archived 12138:Archived 12109:Archived 12089:Archived 12069:Archived 12045:Archived 11987:Archived 11982:. 2007. 11935:10 March 11929:Archived 11907:29628000 11858:29659580 11797:10 March 11791:Archived 11615:30158621 11566:31164459 11463:28298236 11379:24092725 11285:26423063 11234:38963478 11226:27342770 11174:Archived 11170:26906349 11113:31827288 11037:31924309 10941:30753184 10882:26824759 10834:PLOS ONE 10815:27387362 10722:Archived 10718:33954258 10666:31402850 10609:33954258 10549:28580134 10485:29531091 10418:32310942 10359:Archived 10355:86845470 10308:30137294 10251:29188015 10217:: 1151. 10180:Archived 10134:27111616 10085:28649365 10026:29420505 9918:Archived 9895:31571840 9852:22805105 9793:16683865 9726:33774077 9672:Archived 9646:Archived 9630:18669565 9578:Archived 9554:33774077 9498:27158456 9428:Archived 9405:29456894 9339:Archived 9293:Archived 9241:21450907 9195:Archived 9166:Archived 9146:Archived 9130:10220883 9072:Archived 9052:Figshare 9028:18669565 8968:21473414 8922:21450907 8870:14827780 8802:27387362 8731:Archived 8706:Archived 8676:29456894 8595:Wikidata 8591:32924933 8518:Archived 8497:22173122 8438:Archived 8416:23969438 8356:Archived 8327:Archived 8268:20585653 8228:PLOS ONE 8206:29456894 8083:Archived 8067:16867971 8001:Archived 7982:Archived 7959:Archived 7928:Archived 7903:24 March 7897:Archived 7877:24 March 7871:Archived 7840:Archived 7814:Insights 7792:Archived 7774:Archived 7754:Archived 7735:Archived 7719:Archived 7645:Archived 7593:Archived 7575:Archived 7545:Archived 7515:Archived 7485:Archived 7460:Archived 7441:Archived 7421:Archived 7405:Archived 7381:22 April 7368:18425790 7308:Archived 7285:27158456 7226:Archived 7196:Archived 7165:Archived 7122:Archived 7092:Archived 7062:Archived 7039:27548723 6991:PLOS ONE 6964:Archived 6933:Archived 6854:archived 6770:Archived 6740:Archived 6736:34955879 6646:26863966 6597:30789895 6543:28472041 6476:(1): 6. 6451:28620459 6360:27760783 6303:Archived 6272:Archived 6238:Archived 6208:Archived 6177:Archived 6124:Archived 6088:Archived 6016:67869151 5970:Archived 5966:17356533 5924:28975059 5793:Archived 5763:Archived 5733:Archived 5703:Archived 5660:15966412 5576:Archived 5550:Archived 5476:Archived 5402:26 April 5396:Archived 5371:26 April 5311:Archived 5188:Archived 5099:Archived 5053:22140361 5002:39334346 4950:Archived 4946:40861778 4896:36290551 4844:28117640 4795:Archived 4791:doaj.org 4640:Archived 4599:Archived 4502:30980055 4486:(1): 5. 4453:Archived 4427:Archived 4397:Archived 4324:26978244 4250:(1): 6. 4159:Archived 4036:28529712 3969:Archived 3965:27126020 3825:Archived 3821:29424689 3713:Archived 3682:27313033 3613:Archived 3492:28857518 3398:29456894 3347:Archived 3324:28975059 3271:12 March 3265:Archived 3143:22 April 3137:Archived 3109:22 April 3077:Archived 3073:34955879 2981:16508053 2928:10 March 2922:Archived 2898:10 March 2892:Archived 2843:doaj.org 2825:35943972 2776:PLOS One 2745:Archived 2724:Archived 2701:Archived 2648:14 April 2642:Archived 2594:Archived 2529:Archived 2502:Archived 2475:Archived 2448:Archived 2331:See also 2299:Portugal 1943:The Lens 1903:CiteSeer 1867:preprint 1695:and the 1661:citation 1621:paywalls 1531:Elsevier 1513:and the 1478:articles 1474:journals 1363:May 2018 1153:Archived 1142:Archived 956:and the 954:Internet 843:preprint 824:preprint 631:Elsevier 594:Licenses 562:Features 554:and the 514:big data 487:and the 397:Black OA 299:Green OA 147:urushiol 16646:The Law 16552:Slavery 16378:Mineral 16346:Hunting 16339:pannage 16334:Grazing 16319:Fishing 16205:Acequia 16172:Rivalry 16160:women's 16018:Digital 16000:Commons 15935:Unowned 15910:Private 15696:Imprint 15617:Erratum 15581:Sci-Hub 15528:h-index 15455:Chapter 15171:Sci-Hub 14887:(FOSS) 14741:Content 14655:Sharism 14627:versus 14471:Ukraine 14406:Hungary 14396:Germany 14386:Denmark 14376:Belgium 14371:Austria 14350:Sci-Hub 14121:Paywall 14103:versus 14079:History 13928:Scholia 13904:20 June 13879:15 July 13729:Bibcode 13685:3113847 13662:Bibcode 13580:careers 13560:journal 13558:warns: 13556:Baldwin 13552:Darnton 13481:Sources 13336:7124723 13301:2020). 13238:3 April 13171:5 March 13161:ROARMAP 13102:6 April 12430:2818335 12257:11 July 12133:. 2007. 11898:5999550 11849:5901682 11593:Bibcode 11557:6550518 11454:5353955 11357:Bibcode 11349:Science 11330:4998464 11276:4589914 11073:Bibcode 11009:Bibcode 10932:6372144 10873:4732690 10842:Bibcode 10806:4973366 10709:7610724 10657:6647556 10600:7610724 10540:5437951 10515:: 588. 10476:5856500 10445:Bibcode 10409:7170218 10299:6140953 10242:5686505 10112:Bibcode 10076:5464220 10051:: 208. 10004:Bibcode 9952:Bibcode 9843:3398850 9784:1459247 9621:2492576 9489:4837983 9464:: 632. 9396:5815332 9019:2492576 8842:Bibcode 8793:4973366 8667:5815332 8582:7536542 8488:3278101 8394:Bibcode 8259:2890572 8236:Bibcode 8197:5815332 8113:Bibcode 8058:1550699 7651:20 June 7541:Harvard 7511:arl.org 7276:4837983 7259:: 632. 7128:12 June 7114:"About" 7030:4993511 6999:Bibcode 6831:8225450 6654:1013588 6624:Bibcode 6588:6400415 6534:5417409 6511:Bibcode 6442:5461893 6425:: 608. 6351:5167339 6183:30 June 5915:5624290 5151:2746044 5132:2697412 5044:3226455 4888:9750115 4868:Bibcode 4860:Science 4739:Bibcode 4595:8144721 4433:31 July 4403:31 July 4315:4792175 4286:Bibcode 4139:Science 4027:5428489 4002:: 541. 3937:Science 3812:5832410 3719:25 June 3644:Bibcode 3636:Science 3619:25 June 3483:5577648 3424:TripleC 3389:5815332 3315:5624290 2972:1383760 2816:9362937 2785:Bibcode 2754:28 June 2324:Ukraine 2254:Hungary 2244:Germany 2234:Denmark 2224:Belgium 2219:Austria 2064:Redalyc 2030:OAI-PMH 2018:OAIster 1905:). The 1863:embargo 1811:Twitter 1807:hashtag 1788:Science 1328:History 1199:of the 1107:DAREnet 1087:ROARMAP 875:ASAPbio 668:society 637:Funding 616:license 588:AmeliCA 429:Sci-Hub 413:Sci-Hub 243:Gold OA 168:media. 16527:Piracy 16479:Farhud 16307:Rights 16248:Huerta 16220:Estate 16042:Theory 16023:Global 15925:Social 15915:Public 15880:Common 15665:Scopus 15645:AMiner 15428:Patent 15418:Thesis 15325:Papers 15131:DIYbio 14701:Plan S 14681:Access 14625:Gratis 14466:Sweden 14451:Russia 14441:Poland 14436:Norway 14401:Greece 14391:France 14381:Canada 14325:Plan S 14101:Gratis 14031:UNESCO 14020: 14000:in US. 13992: 13951:about 13930:has a 13844: 13815: 13692: 13682: 13623: 13572:budget 13468: 13460: 13446:Nature 13425: 13417: 13343: 13333: 13325: 13285: 13277: 13269: 13255:Nature 13212: 13141: 13133: 13119:Nature 13095: 13081:Nature 13060: 13052: 13038:Nature 12730: 12614:12 May 12583:12 May 12428: 12393: 12353:303173 12351: 12343: 12302: 12242: 12234: 12051:18 May 11993:. In: 11963: 11956: 11905: 11895: 11856: 11846: 11838: 11705: 11613: 11585:Nature 11564: 11554: 11509:Nature 11461: 11451: 11377: 11328: 11283: 11273: 11232: 11224: 11216: 11168: 11160: 11119: 11111: 11103: 11065:Nature 11043: 11035: 11027: 10980: 10939: 10929: 10921: 10880: 10870: 10862: 10813: 10803: 10716: 10706: 10664: 10654: 10646: 10607: 10597: 10589: 10547: 10537: 10529: 10483: 10473: 10465: 10416: 10406: 10353: 10339:Nature 10306: 10296: 10288: 10276:(19). 10249: 10239: 10231: 10174: 10132: 10104:Nature 10083: 10073: 10065: 10024: 9996:Nature 9893: 9885: 9850: 9840: 9832: 9791: 9781: 9773: 9732: 9724: 9716: 9628: 9618: 9560: 9552: 9544: 9496: 9486: 9478: 9403: 9393: 9385: 9287: 9273:(11). 9247: 9239: 9128: 9066: 9026: 9016: 9008: 8966: 8958: 8928: 8920: 8912: 8868: 8860: 8800: 8790: 8782: 8674: 8664: 8597: 8589: 8579: 8571: 8495: 8485: 8444:12 May 8414: 8386:Nature 8266: 8256: 8204: 8194: 8186: 8065: 8055: 7834: 7481:NARCIS 7366: 7348: 7283: 7273: 7232:5 June 7202:23 May 7171:23 May 7037: 7027: 7019: 6927: 6829: 6821: 6776:17 May 6734: 6652: 6644: 6616:Nature 6595: 6585: 6541: 6531: 6449: 6439: 6358: 6348: 6244:17 May 6214:17 May 6094:11 May 6063: 6055: 6014: 5964: 5922: 5912: 5658: 5526: 5468: 5435: 5425: 5149: 5130: 5093: 5051: 5041: 5000: 4986:(11). 4944: 4894: 4886: 4842: 4801:18 May 4785:DOAJ. 4765: 4757: 4632: 4593: 4508: 4500: 4373: 4322: 4312: 4304: 4165:17 May 4153: 4118: 4077: 4069: 4034: 4024: 4016: 3975:17 May 3963: 3955: 3916: 3875: 3831:21 May 3819: 3809: 3801: 3760: 3688: 3680: 3672: 3607: 3574: 3490: 3480: 3396: 3386: 3322: 3312: 3071: 3063: 3012: 2979: 2969: 2823: 2813: 2805: 2638:UNESCO 2319:Sweden 2304:Russia 2294:Poland 2289:Norway 2249:Greece 2239:France 2229:Canada 2060:SciELO 2024:, and 1997:. The 1931:PubMed 1929:, and 1927:Scopus 1893:(e.g. 1799:Flickr 1794:Nature 1760:SciELO 1689:Plan S 1486:Scopus 1440:Scopus 1421:Extent 1282:SciELO 1237:Public 1111:NARCIS 977:gratis 936:Plan S 830:, and 738:(e.g. 728:(e.g. 716:(e.g. 584:Plan S 483:, the 212:theses 16616:Theft 16402:Water 16296:title 16225:legal 16213:Ejido 15951:Croft 15930:State 15895:Crown 15767:Lists 15736:ORCID 15397:Essay 15332:Paper 15180:Tools 15052:SPARC 14766:Media 14629:libre 14480:Other 14461:Spain 14421:Italy 14411:India 14285:] 14105:libre 13932:topic 13873:(PDF) 13866:(PDF) 13855:(PDF) 13834:(PDF) 13719:arXiv 13584:truth 13466:S2CID 13423:S2CID 13283:S2CID 13058:S2CID 12716:(2). 12402:(PDF) 12391:S2CID 12371:(PDF) 12349:S2CID 12300:S2CID 12282:arXiv 12251:(PDF) 12240:S2CID 12212:(PDF) 11732:(1). 11703:S2CID 11542:(3). 11404:(1). 11326:S2CID 11230:S2CID 11117:S2CID 11041:S2CID 10783:eLife 10351:S2CID 10183:(PDF) 10172:S2CID 10152:(PDF) 9942:arXiv 9891:S2CID 9730:S2CID 9558:S2CID 9365:PeerJ 9316:arXiv 9245:S2CID 9126:S2CID 9108:arXiv 9064:S2CID 8926:S2CID 8866:S2CID 8832:arXiv 8762:eLife 8644:PeerJ 8550:eLife 8359:(PDF) 8352:(PDF) 8166:PeerJ 7375:(PDF) 7334:(PDF) 6923:(1). 6827:S2CID 6732:S2CID 6681:arXiv 6650:S2CID 6153:(2). 6061:S2CID 6012:S2CID 5973:(PDF) 5962:S2CID 5942:(PDF) 5892:PeerJ 5759:eLife 5706:(PDF) 5699:(PDF) 5656:S2CID 5524:S2CID 5479:(PDF) 5462:(PDF) 5289:(PDF) 5102:(PDF) 5091:S2CID 5071:(PDF) 4998:S2CID 4953:(PDF) 4942:S2CID 4914:(PDF) 4892:S2CID 4763:S2CID 4602:(PDF) 4591:S2CID 4573:arXiv 4561:(PDF) 4535:(4). 4506:S2CID 4104:(1). 4075:S2CID 3781:eLife 3686:S2CID 3603:(2). 3366:PeerJ 3292:PeerJ 3129:(PDF) 3069:S2CID 2748:(PDF) 2741:(PDF) 2514:2015. 2430:Notes 2314:Spain 2274:Japan 2269:Italy 2259:India 2158:SWORD 2034:arXiv 1889:), a 1887:arXiv 1885:(e.g. 1802:group 1756:OASPA 1644:cited 1243:SPARC 988:libre 871:arXiv 751:eLife 740:PeerJ 82:libre 16599:poll 16582:wage 16351:Land 16235:real 15988:real 15920:Self 15655:CORE 15650:BASE 15445:Book 15217:Open 15047:PLOS 14856:and 14746:Data 14589:and 14192:DORA 14027:GOAP 14018:OCLC 14010:OATP 13990:OCLC 13906:2016 13881:2012 13842:ISBN 13813:ISBN 13794:2015 13770:Blog 13690:PMID 13634:2015 13621:ISBN 13494:text 13458:PMID 13415:ISSN 13341:PMID 13323:ISSN 13275:PMID 13267:ISSN 13240:2021 13210:ISSN 13173:2019 13139:PMID 13131:ISSN 13104:2024 13093:PMID 13050:PMID 13019:2023 12994:2023 12968:2013 12937:2013 12906:2013 12863:2015 12851:RCUK 12774:2018 12728:ISSN 12691:link 12677:2016 12655:link 12641:2018 12616:2017 12585:2017 12491:2020 12461:2020 12426:SSRN 12410:2021 12341:PMID 12259:2019 12232:ISSN 12194:2019 12053:2015 11961:ISBN 11937:2019 11903:PMID 11854:PMID 11836:ISSN 11799:2019 11665:2020 11611:PMID 11562:PMID 11536:mBio 11494:2020 11459:PMID 11375:PMID 11281:PMID 11222:PMID 11214:ISSN 11182:2020 11166:PMID 11158:ISSN 11109:PMID 11101:ISSN 11033:PMID 11025:ISSN 10978:ISSN 10937:PMID 10919:ISSN 10878:PMID 10860:ISSN 10811:PMID 10730:2019 10714:PMID 10662:PMID 10644:ISSN 10605:PMID 10587:ISSN 10545:PMID 10527:ISSN 10481:PMID 10463:ISSN 10414:PMID 10367:2020 10320:2020 10304:PMID 10286:ISSN 10247:PMID 10229:ISSN 10191:2019 10130:PMID 10081:PMID 10063:ISSN 10022:PMID 9977:help 9926:2020 9883:ISSN 9848:PMID 9830:ISSN 9789:PMID 9771:ISSN 9722:PMID 9714:ISSN 9626:PMID 9550:PMID 9542:ISSN 9494:PMID 9476:ISSN 9436:2020 9401:PMID 9383:ISSN 9301:2020 9285:ISSN 9237:PMID 9080:2020 9024:PMID 9006:ISSN 8964:PMID 8956:ISSN 8918:PMID 8910:ISSN 8858:ISSN 8798:PMID 8780:ISSN 8739:2019 8672:PMID 8625:2021 8587:PMID 8569:ISSN 8526:2019 8493:PMID 8446:2017 8412:PMID 8367:2013 8335:2013 8264:PMID 8202:PMID 8184:ISSN 8063:PMID 7936:2014 7905:2013 7879:2013 7848:2019 7832:ISSN 7715:IFLA 7697:help 7653:2018 7553:2016 7523:2015 7493:2019 7383:2008 7364:PMID 7316:2017 7281:PMID 7234:2018 7204:2018 7173:2018 7130:2019 7100:2020 7070:2020 7035:PMID 7017:ISSN 6972:2019 6941:2020 6925:ISSN 6862:2020 6819:ISSN 6778:2019 6748:2019 6642:PMID 6593:PMID 6539:PMID 6447:PMID 6400:help 6356:PMID 6311:2019 6280:2019 6246:2019 6216:2019 6185:2019 6132:2008 6096:2018 6053:ISSN 5981:2019 5920:PMID 5801:2019 5771:2019 5741:2019 5714:2019 5584:2019 5558:2019 5487:2019 5466:ISBN 5433:OCLC 5423:ISBN 5404:2017 5373:2017 5345:2020 5337:Jisc 5319:2015 5196:2020 5147:SSRN 5128:SSRN 5110:2019 5049:PMID 4961:2019 4884:PMID 4840:PMID 4803:2019 4755:ISSN 4679:2022 4648:2019 4630:ISBN 4610:2019 4498:PMID 4461:2020 4435:2019 4405:2019 4371:ISSN 4320:PMID 4302:OCLC 4262:> 4201:2011 4167:2019 4151:ISSN 4116:ISSN 4067:ISSN 4032:PMID 4014:ISSN 3977:2019 3961:PMID 3953:ISSN 3914:ISSN 3873:ISSN 3833:2019 3817:PMID 3799:ISSN 3758:ISSN 3721:2019 3678:PMID 3670:ISSN 3621:2019 3605:ISSN 3572:ISBN 3488:PMID 3394:PMID 3320:PMID 3273:2018 3240:2019 3145:2024 3111:2024 3085:2019 3061:ISSN 3023:2020 3010:ISBN 2977:PMID 2930:2019 2900:2019 2821:PMID 2803:ISSN 2756:2020 2650:2019 2602:2014 2537:2019 2510:2019 2483:2019 2456:2019 2128:and 2026:CORE 1987:ISSN 1983:ROAD 1911:ROAR 1881:, a 1842:and 1840:DOAJ 1797:. A 1791:and 1758:and 1752:DOAJ 1536:The 1525:and 1353:See 1292:, a 1185:IFLA 1115:KNAW 995:the 922:and 920:arts 912:STEM 753:and 722:PLOS 681:MDPI 586:and 547:FAIR 536:FAIR 118:and 16589:Tax 16314:Air 15197:GPL 13978:OAD 13754:doi 13680:PMC 13670:doi 13450:doi 13405:doi 13372:doi 13331:PMC 13315:doi 13311:201 13259:doi 13200:doi 13123:doi 13085:doi 13042:doi 12718:doi 12510:doi 12383:doi 12379:106 12331:doi 12292:doi 12278:106 12224:doi 12018:doi 11893:PMC 11885:doi 11844:PMC 11826:doi 11744:hdl 11734:doi 11695:doi 11601:doi 11589:560 11552:PMC 11544:doi 11513:doi 11449:PMC 11439:doi 11406:doi 11365:doi 11353:342 11316:hdl 11308:doi 11304:116 11271:PMC 11261:doi 11206:doi 11148:doi 11091:hdl 11081:doi 11069:576 11017:doi 11005:721 10968:doi 10927:PMC 10909:doi 10868:PMC 10850:doi 10801:PMC 10791:doi 10757:doi 10704:PMC 10694:doi 10652:PMC 10636:doi 10595:PMC 10577:doi 10535:PMC 10517:doi 10471:PMC 10453:doi 10441:115 10404:PMC 10394:doi 10343:doi 10294:PMC 10278:doi 10274:365 10237:PMC 10219:doi 10164:doi 10120:doi 10108:532 10071:PMC 10053:doi 10012:doi 10000:554 9875:doi 9838:PMC 9820:doi 9779:PMC 9761:doi 9704:doi 9700:164 9616:PMC 9608:doi 9604:337 9600:BMJ 9532:doi 9528:164 9484:PMC 9466:doi 9391:PMC 9373:doi 9275:doi 9227:doi 9118:doi 9056:doi 9014:PMC 8998:doi 8994:337 8990:BMJ 8900:doi 8850:doi 8828:103 8788:PMC 8770:doi 8662:PMC 8652:doi 8577:PMC 8559:doi 8483:PMC 8473:doi 8402:doi 8390:500 8299:hdl 8291:doi 8287:114 8254:PMC 8244:doi 8192:PMC 8174:doi 8143:", 8121:doi 8053:PMC 8043:doi 7822:doi 7770:ALA 7672:doi 7635:doi 7356:doi 7271:PMC 7261:doi 7025:PMC 7007:doi 6892:hdl 6884:doi 6809:hdl 6801:doi 6724:doi 6691:doi 6632:doi 6620:530 6583:PMC 6573:doi 6529:PMC 6519:doi 6478:doi 6437:PMC 6427:doi 6375:doi 6346:PMC 6338:doi 6155:hdl 6043:doi 6004:doi 5954:doi 5910:PMC 5900:doi 5867:doi 5820:doi 5679:doi 5648:doi 5644:103 5621:doi 5514:doi 5263:doi 5227:hdl 5219:doi 5178:doi 5083:doi 5039:PMC 5029:doi 4988:doi 4934:hdl 4926:doi 4876:doi 4864:281 4830:doi 4826:250 4747:doi 4706:doi 4583:doi 4537:doi 4488:doi 4361:hdl 4351:doi 4310:PMC 4294:doi 4252:doi 4143:doi 4106:doi 4059:doi 4055:112 4022:PMC 4004:doi 3945:doi 3941:352 3904:doi 3863:doi 3807:PMC 3789:doi 3748:doi 3660:hdl 3652:doi 3640:352 3564:doi 3541:doi 3514:doi 3478:PMC 3470:doi 3432:doi 3384:PMC 3374:doi 3310:PMC 3300:doi 3176:doi 3053:doi 3002:doi 2967:PMC 2959:doi 2866:hdl 2811:PMC 2793:doi 1937:or 1899:FTP 1895:MLA 1844:PMC 1625:NIH 1527:ACS 1523:IOP 1515:ACS 1511:IOP 1119:NWO 1089:). 1034:". 841:A " 742:). 720:or 718:BMC 570:or 556:G20 524:by 384:or 103:: 16867:: 14029:: 14012:: 13980:: 13897:. 13840:. 13811:. 13784:. 13750:16 13748:. 13744:. 13727:. 13715:28 13713:. 13709:. 13688:. 13678:. 13668:. 13656:. 13652:. 13619:. 13596:G7 13540:, 13536:, 13464:. 13456:. 13448:. 13444:. 13421:. 13413:. 13399:. 13395:. 13366:. 13362:. 13339:. 13329:. 13321:. 13309:. 13305:. 13281:. 13273:. 13265:. 13257:. 13231:. 13208:. 13196:28 13194:. 13190:. 13163:. 13159:. 13137:. 13129:. 13121:. 13091:. 13079:. 13056:. 13048:. 13040:. 13036:. 13010:. 12984:. 12958:. 12954:. 12927:. 12923:. 12896:. 12892:. 12853:. 12849:. 12809:. 12764:. 12760:. 12726:. 12712:. 12708:. 12687:}} 12683:{{ 12651:}} 12647:{{ 12624:^ 12602:. 12575:. 12571:. 12477:. 12451:. 12447:. 12389:. 12377:. 12373:. 12347:. 12339:. 12327:22 12325:. 12321:. 12298:. 12290:. 12276:. 12246:. 12238:. 12230:. 12220:35 12218:. 12214:. 12184:. 12180:. 12144:. 12115:. 12043:. 12039:. 12014:30 12012:. 11923:. 11901:. 11891:. 11881:46 11879:. 11875:. 11852:. 11842:. 11834:. 11822:15 11820:. 11816:. 11785:. 11767:. 11742:. 11730:21 11728:. 11724:. 11701:. 11691:53 11689:. 11685:. 11673:^ 11651:. 11632:. 11609:. 11599:. 11587:. 11583:. 11560:. 11550:. 11540:10 11538:. 11534:. 11511:. 11480:. 11457:. 11447:. 11435:15 11433:. 11429:. 11402:79 11400:. 11396:. 11373:. 11363:. 11351:. 11347:. 11324:. 11314:. 11302:. 11279:. 11269:. 11257:13 11255:. 11251:. 11228:. 11220:. 11212:. 11202:12 11200:. 11172:. 11164:. 11156:. 11144:36 11142:. 11138:. 11115:. 11107:. 11099:. 11089:. 11079:. 11067:. 11063:. 11039:. 11031:. 11023:. 11015:. 11003:. 10999:. 10976:. 10964:73 10962:. 10958:. 10935:. 10925:. 10917:. 10905:17 10903:. 10899:. 10876:. 10866:. 10858:. 10848:. 10838:11 10836:. 10832:. 10809:. 10799:. 10789:. 10785:. 10781:. 10753:35 10751:. 10747:. 10720:. 10712:. 10702:. 10688:. 10684:. 10660:. 10650:. 10642:. 10632:19 10630:. 10626:. 10603:. 10593:. 10585:. 10571:. 10567:. 10543:. 10533:. 10525:. 10511:. 10507:. 10493:^ 10479:. 10469:. 10461:. 10451:. 10439:. 10435:. 10412:. 10402:. 10390:16 10388:. 10384:. 10357:. 10349:. 10341:. 10337:. 10302:. 10292:. 10284:. 10272:. 10268:. 10245:. 10235:. 10227:. 10213:. 10209:. 10178:. 10170:. 10160:61 10158:. 10154:. 10128:. 10118:. 10106:. 10102:. 10079:. 10069:. 10061:. 10047:. 10043:. 10020:. 10010:. 9998:. 9994:. 9968:: 9966:}} 9962:{{ 9950:. 9916:. 9912:. 9889:. 9881:. 9871:65 9869:. 9846:. 9836:. 9828:. 9816:10 9814:. 9810:. 9787:. 9777:. 9769:. 9755:. 9751:. 9728:. 9720:. 9712:. 9698:. 9694:. 9680:^ 9666:. 9624:. 9614:. 9602:. 9598:. 9556:. 9548:. 9540:. 9526:. 9522:. 9506:^ 9492:. 9482:. 9474:. 9460:. 9456:. 9444:^ 9422:. 9399:. 9389:. 9381:. 9367:. 9363:. 9291:. 9283:. 9269:. 9257:^ 9243:. 9235:. 9223:25 9221:. 9215:. 9203:^ 9193:. 9124:. 9116:. 9104:68 9102:. 9088:^ 9070:. 9062:. 9054:. 9050:. 9036:^ 9022:. 9012:. 9004:. 8992:. 8988:. 8976:^ 8962:. 8952:53 8950:. 8938:^ 8924:. 8916:. 8908:. 8896:25 8894:. 8890:. 8878:^ 8864:. 8856:. 8848:. 8840:. 8826:. 8810:^ 8796:. 8786:. 8778:. 8764:. 8760:. 8747:^ 8729:. 8725:. 8695:^ 8670:. 8660:. 8646:. 8642:. 8615:. 8593:. 8585:. 8575:. 8567:. 8557:. 8553:. 8547:. 8505:^ 8491:. 8481:. 8469:13 8467:. 8463:. 8432:. 8410:. 8400:. 8388:. 8384:. 8321:. 8297:. 8285:. 8262:. 8252:. 8242:. 8230:. 8226:. 8214:^ 8200:. 8190:. 8182:. 8168:. 8164:. 8152:^ 8119:. 8109:14 8107:. 8103:. 8061:. 8051:. 8037:. 8033:. 7980:. 7976:. 7957:. 7953:. 7926:. 7922:. 7869:. 7865:. 7838:. 7830:. 7818:29 7816:. 7812:. 7713:. 7688:: 7686:}} 7682:{{ 7670:. 7643:. 7631:62 7629:. 7625:. 7569:. 7543:. 7539:. 7513:. 7509:. 7483:. 7479:. 7403:. 7399:. 7362:. 7354:. 7342:64 7340:. 7336:. 7302:. 7279:. 7269:. 7255:. 7251:. 7220:. 7190:. 7138:^ 7116:. 7086:. 7060:. 7056:. 7033:. 7023:. 7015:. 7005:. 6995:11 6993:. 6989:. 6962:. 6958:. 6931:. 6921:14 6919:. 6915:. 6890:. 6880:64 6878:. 6848:, 6825:. 6817:. 6807:. 6797:99 6795:. 6768:. 6764:. 6738:. 6730:. 6720:51 6718:. 6714:. 6689:. 6675:. 6671:. 6648:. 6640:. 6630:. 6618:. 6614:. 6591:. 6581:. 6569:17 6567:. 6563:. 6551:^ 6537:. 6527:. 6517:. 6507:13 6505:. 6501:. 6472:. 6468:. 6445:. 6435:. 6421:. 6417:. 6391:: 6389:}} 6385:{{ 6354:. 6344:. 6334:35 6332:. 6328:. 6301:. 6297:. 6270:. 6266:. 6254:^ 6236:. 6232:. 6206:. 6202:. 6175:. 6149:. 6122:. 6118:. 6104:^ 6086:. 6082:. 6059:. 6051:. 6039:47 6037:. 6033:. 6010:. 6000:32 5998:. 5968:. 5960:. 5950:67 5948:. 5944:. 5918:. 5908:. 5894:. 5890:. 5861:. 5857:. 5832:^ 5818:. 5791:. 5787:. 5757:. 5731:. 5701:. 5654:. 5642:. 5617:64 5615:. 5544:. 5522:. 5508:. 5504:. 5474:. 5445:^ 5431:. 5394:. 5390:. 5362:. 5335:. 5305:. 5259:40 5257:. 5253:. 5241:^ 5225:. 5215:18 5213:. 5186:. 5174:31 5172:. 5168:. 5118:^ 5097:. 5089:. 5079:70 5077:. 5073:. 5047:. 5037:. 5023:. 5019:. 4996:. 4982:. 4978:. 4948:. 4940:. 4932:. 4922:16 4920:. 4916:. 4890:. 4882:. 4874:. 4862:. 4838:. 4824:. 4820:. 4793:. 4789:. 4775:^ 4761:. 4753:. 4745:. 4733:. 4729:. 4704:. 4702:32 4700:. 4696:. 4665:. 4638:. 4597:. 4589:. 4581:. 4569:67 4567:. 4563:. 4531:. 4527:. 4504:. 4496:. 4482:. 4478:. 4451:. 4425:. 4421:. 4391:. 4369:. 4359:. 4347:37 4345:. 4341:. 4318:. 4308:. 4300:. 4292:. 4280:. 4276:. 4246:. 4242:. 4175:^ 4157:. 4149:. 4141:. 4137:. 4114:. 4102:37 4100:. 4096:. 4073:. 4065:. 4053:. 4030:. 4020:. 4012:. 3998:. 3994:. 3967:. 3959:. 3951:. 3939:. 3935:. 3912:. 3900:30 3898:. 3894:. 3871:. 3859:30 3857:. 3853:. 3841:^ 3823:. 3815:. 3805:. 3797:. 3787:. 3783:. 3779:. 3756:. 3742:. 3738:. 3711:. 3707:. 3684:. 3676:. 3668:. 3658:. 3650:. 3638:. 3611:. 3599:. 3595:. 3570:. 3537:15 3535:. 3500:^ 3486:. 3476:. 3466:58 3464:. 3460:. 3446:^ 3428:13 3426:. 3422:. 3406:^ 3392:. 3382:. 3368:. 3364:. 3341:. 3318:. 3308:. 3294:. 3290:. 3263:. 3259:. 3248:^ 3226:. 3214:^ 3172:10 3170:. 3166:. 3135:. 3131:. 3102:. 3075:. 3067:. 3059:. 3049:51 3047:. 3043:. 3031:^ 3008:. 2975:. 2965:. 2955:99 2953:. 2947:. 2920:. 2916:. 2890:. 2886:. 2864:. 2841:. 2819:. 2809:. 2801:. 2791:. 2781:17 2779:. 2773:. 2722:. 2718:. 2695:. 2691:. 2640:. 2636:. 2610:^ 2592:. 2574:^ 2527:. 2500:. 2473:. 2446:. 2132:. 2020:, 2016:, 1971:, 1925:, 1785:, 1754:, 1721:, 1453:. 1324:. 1133:. 1117:, 918:, 826:, 675:, 558:. 380:, 376:, 372:, 218:, 210:, 114:, 74:OA 59:A 16632:) 16628:( 16430:/ 15853:e 15846:t 15839:v 15759:" 15755:" 15282:e 15275:t 15268:v 14579:e 14572:t 14565:v 14060:e 14053:t 14046:v 13942:. 13908:. 13883:. 13823:. 13821:. 13796:. 13762:. 13756:: 13735:. 13731:: 13721:: 13696:. 13672:: 13664:: 13658:6 13636:. 13472:. 13452:: 13429:. 13407:: 13401:2 13380:. 13374:: 13368:9 13347:. 13317:: 13289:. 13261:: 13242:. 13216:. 13202:: 13175:. 13145:. 13125:: 13106:. 13087:: 13064:. 13044:: 13021:. 12996:. 12970:. 12939:. 12908:. 12865:. 12776:. 12734:. 12720:: 12714:1 12693:) 12679:. 12657:) 12643:. 12618:. 12587:. 12518:. 12512:: 12493:. 12463:. 12432:. 12412:. 12385:: 12355:. 12333:: 12306:. 12294:: 12284:: 12261:. 12226:: 12196:. 12055:. 12024:. 12020:: 11969:. 11939:. 11909:. 11887:: 11860:. 11828:: 11801:. 11771:. 11752:. 11746:: 11736:: 11709:. 11697:: 11667:. 11636:. 11617:. 11603:: 11595:: 11568:. 11546:: 11519:. 11515:: 11496:. 11465:. 11441:: 11414:. 11408:: 11381:. 11367:: 11359:: 11332:. 11318:: 11310:: 11287:. 11263:: 11236:. 11208:: 11184:. 11150:: 11123:. 11093:: 11083:: 11075:: 11047:. 11019:: 11011:: 10984:. 10970:: 10943:. 10911:: 10884:. 10852:: 10844:: 10817:. 10793:: 10787:5 10765:. 10759:: 10732:. 10696:: 10690:1 10668:. 10638:: 10611:. 10579:: 10573:1 10551:. 10519:: 10513:6 10487:. 10455:: 10447:: 10420:. 10396:: 10369:. 10345:: 10322:. 10280:: 10253:. 10221:: 10215:6 10193:. 10166:: 10136:. 10122:: 10114:: 10087:. 10055:: 10049:6 10028:. 10014:: 10006:: 9979:) 9975:( 9958:. 9954:: 9944:: 9928:. 9897:. 9877:: 9854:. 9822:: 9795:. 9763:: 9757:4 9736:. 9706:: 9632:. 9610:: 9564:. 9534:: 9500:. 9468:: 9462:5 9438:. 9407:. 9375:: 9369:6 9324:. 9318:: 9303:. 9277:: 9251:. 9229:: 9132:. 9120:: 9110:: 9082:. 9058:: 9030:. 9000:: 8970:. 8932:. 8902:: 8872:. 8852:: 8844:: 8834:: 8804:. 8772:: 8766:5 8741:. 8678:. 8654:: 8648:6 8627:. 8601:. 8561:: 8555:9 8528:. 8499:. 8475:: 8448:. 8418:. 8404:: 8396:: 8369:. 8337:. 8307:. 8301:: 8293:: 8270:. 8246:: 8238:: 8232:5 8208:. 8176:: 8170:6 8129:. 8123:: 8115:: 8069:. 8045:: 8039:8 7938:. 7907:. 7881:. 7850:. 7824:: 7699:) 7695:( 7678:. 7674:: 7655:. 7637:: 7555:. 7525:. 7495:. 7385:. 7358:: 7318:. 7287:. 7263:: 7257:5 7236:. 7206:. 7175:. 7132:. 7102:. 7072:. 7041:. 7009:: 7001:: 6974:. 6943:. 6900:. 6894:: 6886:: 6833:. 6811:: 6803:: 6780:. 6750:. 6726:: 6699:. 6693:: 6683:: 6677:5 6656:. 6634:: 6626:: 6599:. 6575:: 6545:. 6521:: 6513:: 6486:. 6480:: 6474:7 6453:. 6429:: 6423:6 6402:) 6398:( 6381:. 6377:: 6362:. 6340:: 6313:. 6282:. 6248:. 6218:. 6187:. 6161:. 6157:: 6151:7 6134:. 6098:. 6067:. 6045:: 6018:. 6006:: 5983:. 5956:: 5926:. 5902:: 5896:5 5875:. 5869:: 5863:7 5826:. 5822:: 5803:. 5773:. 5743:. 5716:. 5681:: 5662:. 5650:: 5627:. 5623:: 5586:. 5560:. 5530:. 5516:: 5510:8 5489:. 5439:. 5406:. 5375:. 5347:. 5321:. 5271:. 5265:: 5235:. 5229:: 5221:: 5198:. 5180:: 5153:. 5134:. 5112:. 5085:: 5055:. 5031:: 5025:9 5004:. 4990:: 4984:7 4963:. 4936:: 4928:: 4898:. 4878:: 4870:: 4846:. 4832:: 4805:. 4769:. 4749:: 4741:: 4735:1 4714:. 4708:: 4681:. 4650:. 4612:. 4585:: 4575:: 4545:. 4539:: 4533:8 4512:. 4490:: 4484:2 4463:. 4437:. 4407:. 4377:. 4363:: 4353:: 4326:. 4296:: 4288:: 4282:3 4260:. 4254:: 4248:7 4203:. 4169:. 4145:: 4122:. 4108:: 4081:. 4061:: 4038:. 4006:: 4000:6 3979:. 3947:: 3920:. 3906:: 3879:. 3865:: 3835:. 3791:: 3785:7 3764:. 3750:: 3744:2 3723:. 3692:. 3662:: 3654:: 3646:: 3623:. 3601:3 3580:. 3566:: 3547:. 3543:: 3520:. 3516:: 3494:. 3472:: 3440:. 3434:: 3400:. 3376:: 3370:6 3326:. 3302:: 3296:5 3275:. 3242:. 3184:. 3178:: 3151:. 3113:. 3087:. 3055:: 3025:. 3004:: 2983:. 2961:: 2932:. 2902:. 2872:. 2868:: 2827:. 2795:: 2787:: 2758:. 2697:6 2652:. 2604:. 2558:. 2539:. 2512:. 2485:. 2460:. 2458:. 1365:) 1361:( 1350:. 72:( 30:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.