262:
415:, and forced him to lie with her before returning them. From this union, she conceived three sons, giving them their father's greatbow when they came of age. The son who could draw the bow would become king. All tried, but only the youngest was successful. On his attempt, three golden objects fell from the sky: a plow and yoke, a sword, and a cup. When the eldest two tried to pick them up, fire prevented them. After this, it was decided the youngest son, Scythes, would become king, and his people would be known as Scythians.
236:(the Mythical Ancestors) did, and we do likewise." Asked the reason for a particular detail in a ceremony, a Navaho chanter answered: "Because the Holy People did it that way in the first place." We find exactly the same justification in the prayer that accompanies a primitive Tibetan ritual: "As it has been handed down from the beginning of the earth’s creation, so must we sacrifice. … As our ancestors in ancient times did—so do we now."
127:
1121:
1253:
82:). The line between cosmogonic myths which describe the origin of the world and origin myths is not always clear. A myth about the origin of a specific part of the world assumes the existence of the world itself, which often relies on a cosmogonic myth. Therefore, origin myths can be seen as expanding upon and building upon their cultures'
50:
are a type of origin myth narrating the formation of the universe. However, numerous cultures have stories that take place after the initial origin. These stories aim to explain the origins of natural phenomena or human institutions within an already existing world. In Graeco-Roman scholarship, the
235:
When the missionary and ethnologist C. Strehlow asked the
Australian Arunta why they performed certain ceremonies, the answer was always: "Because the ancestors so commanded it." The Kai of New Guinea refused to change their way of living and working, and they explained: "It was thus that the Nemu
481:
and authenticated their ancestral rights through the founding myth. Greek founding myths often embody a justification for the ancient overturning of an older, archaic order, reformulating a historical event anchored in the social and natural world to valorize current community practices, creating
226:
An origin myth often functions to justify the current state of affairs. In traditional cultures, the entities and forces described in origin myths are often considered sacred. Thus, by attributing the state of the universe to the actions of these entities and forces, origin myths give the current
599:
Larger-than-life heroes continue to bolster the origin-myths of many newer nations and societies. In modern-era colonial contexts, waves of individuals and groups come to the fore in popular history as shaping and exemplifying the ideals of a group: explorers followed by conquerors followed by
677:) take a different stance. The city is seen as spoiling the landscape of the ecological relations that existed before the city was established. There is a sense of guilt for degrading the intact system of nature. In degradation stories true nature only exists outside the city.
504:
embedded as digressions in that
Hellenistic epic, that "crucial to social stability had to be the function of myths in providing explanations, authorization or empowerment for the present in terms of origins: this could apply, not only to foundations or charter myths and
396:, whom she leaves alone in dangerous places where he is protected by sheep, cattle, birds, and woodcutters. Convinced that he is a supernatural being, she takes him back and raises him. When he grows to adulthood, he takes the position of Master of Horses in the court of
240:
Founding myths unite people and tend to include mystical events along the way to make "founders" seem more desirable and heroic. Ruling monarchs or aristocracies may allege descent from mythical founders, gods or heroes in order to legitimate their control. For example,
227:
order an aura of sacredness: "yths reveal that the World, man, and life have a supernatural origin and history, and that this history is significant, precious, and exemplary". Many cultures instil the expectation that people take mythical gods and heroes as their
442:. It forms the charter myth of Israel, the story of the people's origins and the foundations of their culture and institutions, and it is a fundamental principle of Judaism that the relationship between God and his chosen people was set out on
476:
has observed, "i.e., the sanctuaries and altars that had been set up for all time". Thus Greek and Hebrew founding myths established the special relationship between a deity and local people, who traced their origins from a
531:
in describing
Apollonius' laying down of layers "where each object, cult, ritual, name, may be opened... into a narrative of origination, and where each narrative, each event, may lead to a cult, ritual, name, monument."
666:
suggested ranking cities "according to how far they depart from farm life, from the agricultural rhythm of peak activity in the warm half of the year, and from the cycle of work during the day and of sleep at night."
109:, a historian, argues that in many traditional cultures, almost every sacred story can be considered an origin myth. Traditional societies often pattern their behavior after sacred events and view their lives as a
482:
symbolic narratives of "collective importance" enriched with metaphor to account for traditional chronologies, and constructing an etiology considered to be plausible among those with a cultural investment.
489:
time, its legends treated as facts, as Carlo
Brillante has noted, its heroic protagonists seen as links between the "age of origins" and the mortal, everyday world that succeeded it. A modern translator of
391:
In the founding myth of the Zhou dynasty in China, Lady Yuan makes a ritual sacrifice to conceive, then becomes pregnant after stepping into the footprint of the King of Heaven. She gives birth to a son,
661:
as dangerous and wild. The development of the city is seen as a successful distancing of humans from nature. Nature is locked out, and humans take pride in doing so successfully. In 1979, the geographer
78:
Origin myths are narratives that explain how a particular reality came into existence. They often serve to justify the established order by attributing its establishment to sacred forces (see
1106:
639:
are accounts of the development of cities and nations. A foundational story represents the view that the creation of the city is a human achievement. Human control and the removal of
592:, when each commune looked for a Roman founder – and if one was not available, invented one—a legend had been current in the city, attributing its foundation to the Trojan
400:, and becomes successful at growing grains, gourds and beans. According to the legend, he becomes founder of the Zhou dynasty after overthrowing the evil ruler of Shang.
113:
to a mythical age. As a result, nearly every sacred story portrays events that establish a new framework for human behavior, making them essentially stories of creation.
588:
of northern Italy manifested the increasing self-confidence of the urban population and the will to find a Roman origin, however tenuous and legendary. In 13th-century
565:, and their descent from his royal line, thus fitting perfectly into the already established canon of events. Similarly, the Old Testament's story of
344:
Beginning in prehistorical times, many civilizations and kingdoms adopted some version of a heroic model national origin myth, including the
86:
myths. In traditional cultures, it is common for the recitation of an origin myth to be preceded by the recitation of a cosmogonic myth.
881:
These structures of Greek foundation myths within their historical and cultural contexts, and the particular example of the founding of
70:'cause') are occasionally used to describe a myth that clarifies an origin, particularly how an object or custom came into existence.
1761:
1202:
Theories of Myth: From
Ancient Israel and Greece to Freud, Jung, Campbell, and Levi-Strauss: Philosophy, Religious Studies, and Myth
1693:
137:
1001:
2221:
195:
1698:
1285:
167:
1678:
1673:
1654:
1649:
1636:
261:
422:(or Pentateuch, as biblical scholars sometimes call it) is the collective name for the first five books of the Bible:
1081:
Belayche, Nicole. "Foundation myths in Roman
Palestine. Traditions and reworking", in Ton Derks, Nico Roymans (ed.),
1056:
1747:
1703:
1683:
1257:
174:
1742:
1662:
856:
Myth as "narratives of collective importance" is often part of the definition of myth, both Greek and other; see
2278:
1872:
1708:
1113:
152:
93:
is often used specifically to refer to origin and cosmogonic myths. Folklorists, for example, reserve the term
1785:
1732:
1722:
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181:
2288:
17:
1837:
1737:
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1412:
509:(thus supporting family or territorial claims) but also to personal moral choices." In the period after
163:
2283:
1755:
1727:
987:
97:
for stories that describe creation. Stories that do not primarily focus on origins are categorized as
1803:
1517:
707:
1892:
1150:
Discourse and the
Construction of Society: Comparative Studies of Myth, Ritual, and Classification
1108:
The
Origins of the Foundation Stories Genre in the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Eastern Mediterranean"
459:
was the original Greek example of a murderer rendered unclean by his crime, who needed cleansing (
1774:
1766:
1611:
1278:
472:. "Ancient Greek rituals were bound to prominent local groups and hence to specific localities",
221:
407:
also claimed descent from the son of the god of heaven. One day, the daughter of the god of the
283:
2007:
1355:
1226:
1085:(Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, 2009) (Amsterdam Archaeological Studies, 13), 167–188.
992:
2273:
2032:
1822:
1716:
1323:
1209:
956:
340:
the spiritual origins of a belief, philosophy, discipline, or idea – presented as a narrative
2252:
2184:
2169:
2077:
1907:
1790:
1542:
1512:
1507:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1174:
Theories of Myth: From
Ancient Israel and Greece to Freud, Jung, Campbell, and Levi-Strauss
491:
807:, Thomas J. Dunlap, tr., especially "Gothic history as historical ethnography", 1988:1–18.
8:
2216:
2112:
2107:
1994:
1912:
1537:
1328:
593:
523:
510:
443:
369:
271:
188:
1048:
Empires of the Silk Road:A History of
Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
2293:
2092:
2052:
2047:
1952:
1897:
1842:
1527:
1422:
1375:
1350:
1318:
1271:
1023:
938:
Goldhill, "The paradigms of epic: Apollonius Rhodius and the examples of the past", in
1134:
A History of Religious Ideas: Volume 1: From the Stone Age to the Eleusinian Mysteries
886:
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2012:
2002:
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1827:
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419:
250:
148:
912:
Brillante, "Myth and history: the historical interpretation of myth" in L. Edmunds,
2144:
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2022:
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1569:
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1402:
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882:
868:, "What is a Greek myth?" 1987:1; Mark P. O. Morford and Robert J. Lenardon,
717:
702:
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528:
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62:
47:
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1984:
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1932:
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1962:
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through the Torah, though many stories are adapted from older religions.
439:
397:
385:
299:
52:
1027:
527:—is replete with founding myths. Simon Goldhill employs the metaphor of
2236:
2231:
2206:
2134:
2067:
1957:
1407:
663:
574:
566:
562:
228:
961:, in Thomas Dozeman (ed), "Methods for Exodus", CUP, 2010, p. 73.
643:
nature is underlined. There are two versions of foundational stories:
2196:
2062:
1967:
1564:
1437:
1294:
1176:. Ed. Robert A. Segal. New York & London: Garland, 1996. 327–340.
895:
Myth and History in Ancient Greece: the symbolic creation of a colony
569:
serves as the founding myth for the community of Israel, telling how
461:
431:
404:
353:
326:
305:
83:
56:
1123:
Stories of Origins in the Bible and Ancient Mediterranean Literature
942:(1991), ch. 5, pp. 284–333, noted in Peter Green 2007, note on
535:
A notable example is the myth of the foundation of Rome—the tale of
231:, imitating their deeds and upholding the customs they established:
126:
1882:
1847:
1136:. 1976. Trans. Willard R. Trask. Chicago: The U of Chicago P, 1981.
554:
451:
365:
345:
1902:
1832:
613:
377:
267:
39:
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from slavery and how they therefore belonged to him through the
144:
1387:
1252:
1083:
Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition
658:
550:
545:
540:
412:
393:
315:
287:
246:
1917:
1427:
589:
561:'s later relocation and rule of the famous twins' birthplace
558:
456:
357:
65:
1263:
1308:
478:
35:
1014:
Tuan, Yi-Fu (1979). "The city: its distance from nature".
105:, which are distinct from myths according to folklorists.
1069:. Trans. Willard Trask. New York: Harper & Row, 1963.
940:
The Poet's Voice: Essays on Poetics and Greek Literature
1221:
The Outlines of Mythology: The Thinker’s Library—No. 99
827:
825:
485:
In the Greek view, the mythic past had deep roots in
822:
810:
411:
stole a young man's horses while he was herding his
862:
Structure and history in Greek mythology and ritual
1181:Thinking Through Myths: Philosophical Perspectives
1172:. "Introduction: The Symbolic Function of Myths.”
624:in the central and western United States, and the
1164:Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of Viewing Religion
2265:
975:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity
1204:. Vol. 3. New York & London: Garland, 1996.
1126:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023.
584:During the Middle Ages, founding myths of the
1279:
1236:Wright, M.R. “Models, Myths, and Metaphors.”
898:
600:developers/exploiters. Note for example the
153:introducing citations to additional sources
885:, are analysed, in terms first laid out by
1286:
1272:
900:Mythe et histoire dans l'antiquité grecque
1183:. London & New York: Routledge, 2002.
1152:. 1989. Repr. New York: Oxford U P, 1992.
1140:Encyclopedia of Ancient Myths and Culture
449:A founding myth may serve as the primary
73:
1197:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
1044:
831:
816:
742:
740:
738:
260:
143:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1223:. 1944. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger, 2007.
773:For example Eliade 1963, pp. 17–19
620:in Siberia and in Alaska, the bands of
14:
2266:
1213:. Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1999.
468:Founding myths feature prominently in
1267:
1190:. 1987. Repr. New York: Penguin 1997.
1093:The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology
735:
631:
1100:Transformations of Myth through Time
1013:
120:
79:
1159:. New York: George Braziller, 1963.
333:, and thus the origin of a nation (
24:
1074:
866:Interpretations of Greek mythology
116:
89:Within academic circles, the term
38:that explains the beginnings of a
25:
2305:
1245:
1102:. New York: Harper and Row, 1990.
1045:Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009).
521:wrote a whole work simply titled
286:, depicting the founding myth of
249:(and through Aeneas, the goddess
1251:
1188:Joseph Campbell: An Introduction
1095:. New York: Penguin Books, 1976.
929:, expanded ed. 2007, p. 15.
380:during the Middle Ages; and the
256:
136:relies largely or entirely on a
125:
1231:Creation Myths: Revised Edition
1195:Myth: A Very Short Introduction
1166:. 1992. Boston: Beacon P, 2003.
1007:
980:
964:
949:
932:
919:
906:
875:
850:
837:
1051:. Princeton University Press.
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
403:Like other civilizations, the
13:
1:
1293:
925:Peter Green, Introduction to
729:
276:
1157:Alpha: The Myths of Creation
977:(Oxford: Blackwell) 1973:18.
604:of the Iberian empires, the
306:
57:
7:
864:, 1982:23; Jan N. Bremmer,
755:Eliade 1963, pp. 21–24
680:
10:
2310:
1655:Countries by ethnic groups
1650:Contemporary ethnic groups
1233:. Boston: Shambhala, 1995.
1037:
325:of a group presented as a
245:and his relatives claimed
215:
66:
2245:
2121:
1993:
1801:
1635:
1436:
1301:
1116:, 133,4 (2014), 689–709.
946:I.1070–1077, p. 226.
791:Eliade 1963, pp. 6–7
708:List of national founders
318:or the founding of a city
1142:. London: Quantum, 2004.
914:Approaches to Greek Myth
805:The History of the Goths
543:in turn broadens in his
1767:Torres Strait Islanders
1612:Ethnopsychopharmacology
1356:In-group and out-groups
1227:von Franz, Marie-Louise
1179:Schilbrack, Kevin. Ed.
916:(1991, pp. 91–140.
782:Eliade 1963, p. 19
746:Eliade 1963, p. 21
579:Covenant of Mount Sinai
500:has noted, of the many
352:in the Bronze Age; the
222:Eternal return (Eliade)
2008:Cultural appropriation
1238:Cosmology in Antiquity
899:
290:
238:
80:§ Social function
74:Nature of origin myths
2279:Cultural anthropology
2033:Ethnic interest group
1873:Ethnicity in censuses
1823:Cultural assimilation
1324:Ethnolinguistic group
1210:Theorizing about Myth
264:
233:
46:aspect of the world.
2253:Minzu (anthropology)
2222:Separatist movements
2078:Ethnographic village
1908:Legendary progenitor
1543:Transidioethnography
1346:Hyphenated ethnicity
1341:Ethnographic realism
1334:Ethnoreligious group
1260:at Wikimedia Commons
655:Civilization stories
637:Foundational stories
628:in Southern Africa.
549:with the odyssey of
517:world, Greek poetry—
492:Apollonius of Rhodes
284:René-Antoine Houasse
149:improve this article
2289:History of religion
2113:Multinational state
2108:Model minority myth
1995:Multiethnic society
1913:Linguistic homeland
1329:Ethnonational group
955:Kenton L. Sparkes,
870:Classical Mythology
671:Degradation stories
511:Alexander the Great
465:) of his impurity.
310:) explains either:
2093:Middleman minority
2053:Ethnic pornography
2048:Ethnic nationalism
1953:Pantribal sodality
1898:Imagined community
1423:Symbolic ethnicity
1351:Indigenous peoples
1319:Ethnographic group
1162:Paden, William E.
1098:Campbell, Joseph.
645:civilization story
641:wild, uncontrolled
632:Foundation stories
553:and his razing of
507:genealogical trees
291:
253:) as an ancestor.
2284:Literary concepts
2261:
2260:
2175:Ethnic stereotype
2088:Indigenous rights
2073:Ethnographic film
2058:Ethnic theme park
2018:Dominant minority
2013:Diaspora politics
2003:Consociationalism
1938:National language
1828:Cultural identity
1818:Cross-race effect
1762:Aboriginal groups
1256:Media related to
1207:Segal, Robert A.
1200:Segal, Robert A.
1193:Segal, Robert A.
1186:Segal, Robert A.
1155:Long, Charles H.
1002:978-0-415-20072-1
993:Unsettling Cities
990:, Michael Pryke,
675:pollution stories
649:degradation story
610:coureurs des bois
586:medieval communes
537:Romulus and Remus
455:, as the myth of
314:the origins of a
214:
213:
199:
16:(Redirected from
2301:
2145:Ethnic cleansing
2140:Ethnic bioweapon
2023:Ethnic democracy
1637:Groups by region
1587:Ethnomethodology
1570:Ethnomathematics
1560:Ethnolinguistics
1456:Ethnoarchaeology
1288:
1281:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1255:
1089:Campbell, Joseph
1067:Myth and Reality
1065:Eliade, Mircea.
1062:
1032:
1031:
1022:(278): 313–319.
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988:Doreen B. Massey
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764:Segal, p. 5
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2180:Ethnic violence
2128:
2126:ethnic conflict
2124:
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2098:Minority rights
2038:Ethnic majority
1989:
1973:Detribalization
1928:Nation-building
1868:Ethnic religion
1811:
1807:
1797:
1704:Central America
1631:
1602:Ethnophilosophy
1597:Ethnomusicology
1575:Ethnostatistics
1533:Person-centered
1503:Autoethnography
1432:
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1258:Myth of origins
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1075:Further reading
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996:Routledge 1999
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958:Genre Criticism
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657:take a view of
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612:in Canada, the
608:in Brazil, the
470:Greek mythology
382:Dzungar Khanate
331:founding father
279:
266:The Dispute of
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224:
218:Myth and ritual
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117:Social function
111:cyclical return
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2028:Ethnic enclave
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1371:Minority group
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693:Pourquoi story
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573:delivered the
557:, and his son
474:Walter Burkert
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147:. Please help
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48:Creation myths
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718:National myth
716:
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703:Just-so story
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688:Creation myth
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673:(also called
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295:founding myth
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243:Julius Caesar
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169:
166: –
165:
164:"Origin myth"
161:
160:Find sources:
154:
150:
146:
140:
139:
138:single source
134:This article
132:
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114:
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107:Mircea Eliade
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63:Ancient Greek
59:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
34:is a type of
33:
19:
2274:Origin myths
2227:Xenocentrism
2185:Ethnic riots
2170:Ethnic slurs
2160:Ethnic party
2123:Ideology and
2043:Ethnic media
1985:White ethnic
1978:Neotribalism
1947:
1933:Nation state
1878:Ethnofiction
1809:ethnogenesis
1780:
1773:
1754:
1723:Central Asia
1715:
1668:
1661:
1644:
1617:Ethnoscience
1607:Ethnopoetics
1555:Ethnohistory
1493:Ethnogeology
1481:Ethnozoology
1471:Ethnoecology
1461:Ethnobiology
1446:Anthropology
1398:Panethnicity
1314:Ethnic group
1237:
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897:rev. tr. of
894:
877:
869:
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861:
852:
844:
839:
834:, p. 3.
819:, p. 2.
812:
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723:Origin story
674:
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626:voortrekkers
606:bandeirantes
598:
583:
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467:
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417:
402:
390:
384:in the late
350:Zhou dynasty
343:
334:
323:ethnogenesis
298:
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282:or 1706) by
265:
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171:
159:
135:
102:
98:
94:
90:
88:
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31:
29:
27:Type of myth
18:Origin myths
2155:Ethnic joke
1963:Tribal name
1948:Origin myth
1923:Mythomoteur
1853:Ethnic flag
1838:Development
1523:Netnography
1498:Ethnography
1488:Ethnocinema
1466:Ethnobotany
1393:Nationality
1004:p. 141
944:Argonautica
927:Argonautika
845:Homo Necans
713:Mythomoteur
698:Dindsenchas
519:Callimachus
515:Hellenistic
497:Argonautica
444:Mount Sinai
440:Deuteronomy
398:Emperor Yao
386:Renaissance
300:etiological
280: 1689
229:role models
53:etiological
32:origin myth
2268:Categories
2237:Xenophobia
2232:Xenophilia
2207:Indigenism
2135:Allophilia
2068:Ethnocracy
1958:Statistext
1893:Historical
1786:Indigenous
1738:South Asia
1674:Indigenous
1408:Population
730:References
664:Yi-Fu Tuan
575:Israelites
567:the Exodus
563:Alba Longa
216:See also:
175:newspapers
84:cosmogonic
61:(from the
2294:Cosmogony
2197:Ethnocide
2063:Ethnoburb
1968:Tribalism
1756:Australia
1748:West Asia
1728:East Asia
1699:Caribbean
1684:Greenland
1565:Ethnology
1438:Ethnology
1376:Influence
1295:Ethnicity
843:Burkert,
462:catharsis
432:Leviticus
405:Scythians
370:Antiquity
354:Scythians
327:genealogy
205:July 2020
145:talk page
103:folk tale
55:myth and
2217:Nativism
1883:Ethnonym
1848:Ethnarch
1804:Identity
1791:European
1669:Americas
1513:Critical
1508:Clinical
1302:Concepts
1028:43619673
1016:Ekistics
872:1999:12.
681:See also
622:pioneers
616:and the
614:Cossacks
555:Lavinium
539:, which
487:historic
452:exemplum
366:Goguryeo
346:Hittites
337:'birth')
2246:Related
1903:Kinship
1843:Endonym
1833:Demonym
1781:Oceania
1538:Salvage
1240:. 1995.
1038:Sources
903:, 2003.
594:Antenor
436:Numbers
424:Genesis
378:Mongols
329:with a
304:(Greek
272:Neptune
268:Minerva
189:scholar
40:natural
1775:Europe
1689:Mexico
1679:Canada
1663:Africa
1528:Online
1388:Nation
1055:
1026:
1000:
883:Cyrene
659:nature
551:Aeneas
546:Aeneid
541:Virgil
438:, and
428:Exodus
413:cattle
394:Hou Ji
362:Romans
316:ritual
307:aition
288:Athens
247:Aeneas
191:
184:
177:
170:
162:
99:legend
67:αἴτιον
58:aition
51:terms
44:social
1918:Mores
1645:World
1548:Video
1428:Tribe
1024:JSTOR
889:, by
590:Padua
559:Iulus
524:Aitia
502:aitia
457:Ixion
420:Torah
374:Turks
358:Wusun
335:natio
251:Venus
196:JSTOR
182:books
1717:Asia
1413:Race
1309:Clan
1053:ISBN
998:ISBN
647:and
479:hero
418:The
376:and
364:and
348:and
321:the
302:myth
270:and
220:and
168:news
95:myth
91:myth
36:myth
1806:and
1114:JBL
571:God
368:in
297:or
151:by
101:or
42:or
30:An
2270::
1229:.
1219:.
1148:.
1132:.
1112:,
1091:.
1020:46
1018:.
973:,
893:,
860:,
824:^
803:,
737:^
651:.
596:.
581:.
494:'
434:,
430:,
426:,
388:.
372:;
360:,
356:,
293:A
277:c.
1287:e
1280:t
1273:v
1061:.
1030:.
275:(
207:)
203:(
193:·
186:·
179:·
172:·
155:.
141:.
20:)
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