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of
Ramesses II at Thebes. Although the Younger Memnon did not arrive in London until 1821 and Shelley likely never saw the statue, the reputation of the statue fragment had preceded its arrival to Western Europe. Retrieval of the 7.25-short-ton (6.58 t; 6,580 kg) fragment had been a goal
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375:, which described a massive Egyptian statue and quoted its inscription: "King of Kings Ozymandias am I. If any want to know how great I am and where I lie, let him outdo me in my work." In Shelley's poem, Diodorus becomes "a traveller from an antique land."
1993:
Rodenbeck, John (2004). "Travelers from an
Antique Land: Shelley's Inspiration for 'Ozymandias'". Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, no. 24 ("Archeology of Literature: Tracing the Old in the New"), 2004,
557:
cited "Ozymandias" as "one of the greatest and most famous poems in the
English language". Stephens considered that the Ozymandias Shelley created dramatically altered the opinion of Europeans on the king.
562:
wrote that "Ozymandias" "stands above" numerous other poems written about ancient Egypt, particularly its fall, and described the sonnet as "a short, insightful commentary on the fall of power".
437:
Shelley's poem was published on 11 January 1818 under the pen name "Glirastes". The name meant "lover of dormice", dormouse being his pet name for his spouse, author Mary
Shelley. Smith's
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Two themes of the "Ozymandias" poems are the inevitable decline of rulers and their hubris. In the poem, despite
Ozymandias' grandiose ambitions, the power turned out to be ephemeral.
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author whose works
Shelley would have encountered), the statue's "architect", and the statue's subject himself. The "I met a traveller " framing of the poem is an instance of the "
553:
The poem has been cited as
Shelley's best-known and is generally considered one of his best works, though it is sometimes considered uncharacteristic of his poetry. An article in
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1822:. No. 524. London: John Hunt. p. 24 – via Google Books: The Examiner, A Sunday Paper, on politics, domestic economy and theatricals for the year 1818.
441:
was published several weeks later. Shelley's poem appeared on page 24 in the yearly collection, under
Original Poetry. It appeared again in Shelley's 1819 collection
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2765:
1792:
Chaney, Edward (2006). "Egypt in
England and America: The Cultural Memorials of Religion, Royalty and Revolution". In Ascari, Maurizio; Corrado, Adriana (eds.).
710:
See section/verse 1.47.4 at the following presentation of the 1933 version of the Loeb
Classics translation, which also matches the translation appearing here:
443:
270:, the Greek name for the pharaoh. Shelley's poem explores the ravages of time and the oblivion to which the legacies of even the greatest men are subject.
848:
537:
The rhyme scheme reflects the interlocking stories of the poem's four narrative voices, which are its "I", the "traveller" (an exemplar of the sort of
1517:
726:
357:
Shelley. At this time, members of their literary circle would sometimes challenge each other to write competing sonnets on a common subject: Shelley,
573:, where it is often included because of its perceived simplicity and the relative ease with which it can be memorized. Several poets, including
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2133:
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wrote competing sonnets about the Nile around the same time. Shelley and Smith both chose a passage from the writings of the Greek historian
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See footnote 10 at the following source, for reference to the Loeb Classical Library translation of this inscription, by C.H. Oldfather:
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1796:. Internationale Forschungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi. pp. 39–74.
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615:, who portrayed White, read the poem in its entirety in a teaser for final episodes of the series. The media company
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1976:
1949:
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by Amal el-Mohtar and Max Gladstone. The scene of the "vast and trunkless legs of stone" also appears in the work.
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2396:
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1801:
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2249:
2242:
2119:
2165:
1374:
Wells, David N. (2013). "Shelley in the Transition to Russian Symbolism: Three Versions of 'Ozymandias'".
1329:"Interpreting Emily: Ekphrasis and Allusion in Charlotte Brontë's 'Editor's Preface' to Wuthering Heights"
158:
2403:
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874:"Ancient Egypt. Statue of Ramesses II, the 'younger Memnon'. The British Museum. Retrieved 12 April 2021"
608:
278:
28:
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916:
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731:(in Greek). Vol. 1–2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. In aedibus B. G. Teubneri.
2899:
1328:
1046:
604:
299:
1648:
Mozer, Hadley J. (2010). "'Ozymandias', or De Casibus Lord Byron: Literary Celebrity on the Rocks".
802:
414:
A fair copy draft (c. 1817) of Shelley's "Ozymandias" in the collection of Oxford's Bodleian Library
2894:
2228:
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predicting the decline and demise of the human empire and referenced in the penultimate episode of
632:
1677:
Rodenbeck, John (2004). "Travelers from an Antique Land: Shelley's Inspiration for "Ozymandias"".
565:"Ozymandias" has been included in many poetry anthologies, particularly school textbooks, such as
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1096:
1051:
804:
Rosalind and Helen – Edited, with notes by H. Buxton Forman, and printed for private distribution
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1903:
1403:
652:
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2714:
2507:
1815:
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574:
387:
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986:"Romantic Interests: "Ozymandias" and a Runaway Dormouse | The New York Public Library"
663:
The poem is quoted by both main characters, Red and Blue, in the Hugo Award-winning novella
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and John B. Rosenma, have written poems titled "Ozymandias" in response to Shelley's work.
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48:
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8:
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2451:
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2039:
Sng, Zachary (1998). "The Construction of Lyric Subjectivity in Shelley's 'Ozymandias'".
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259:
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The poem was created as part of a friendly competition in which Shelley and fellow poet
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298:, a head-and-torso fragment of a statue of Ramesses II removed by Italian archeologist
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20:
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2340:
2025:
Freedman, William (1986). "Postponement and Perspectives in Shelley's 'Ozymandias'".
1972:
1955:
1945:
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924:
627:
582:
538:
520:
117:
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1888:
1610:
Cochran, Peter (2009). "'Another bugbear to you and the world': Byron and Shelley".
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rule that there should be no connection in rhyme between the octave and the sestet.
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in 1817—either in December that year or early January 1818. The poem was printed in
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366:
320:
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1040:
698:
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2616:
2417:
2265:
2032:
Edgecombe, R. S. (2000). "Displaced Christian Images in Shelley's 'Ozymandias'".
1661:
734:
646:
408:
307:
235:
1747:
Stephens, Walter (2009). "Ozymandias: Or, Writing, Lost Libraries, and Wonder".
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1936:
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in London. Hunt admired Shelley's poetry and many of his other works, such as
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of London. The poem was included the following year in Shelley's collection
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http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/1C*.html
599:
524:
354:
124:
2064:
1490:
Yacowar, Maurice (1980). "Reviewed work: Stardust Memories, Woody Allen".
1458:"Ozy Media, Once a Darling of Investors, Shuts Down in a Swift Unraveling"
1434:
2004:
Waith, Eugene M. (1995). "Ozymandias: Shelley, Horace Smith, and Denon".
1542:
622:
263:
24:
2018:
Bequette, M. K. (1977). "Shelley and Smith: Two Sonnets on Ozymandias".
1847:
Graham, Walter (1925). "Shelley's Debt to Leigh Hunt and the Examiner".
1776:
1503:
1280:
1259:
Bequette, M. K. (1977). "Shelley and Smith: Two Sonnets on Ozymandias".
447:, which was republished in 1876 under the title "Sonnet. Ozymandias" by
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was "the regularly accepted spelling of the 18th century" (of desert).
19:
This article is about the poem by Shelley. For the poem by Smith, see
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The influence of the poem can be found in other works, including
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and in a posthumous compilation of his poems published in 1826.
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Shelley began writing the poem "Ozymandias" in 1817, after the
231:
104:
1518:"'Alien: Covenant' prologue short resurrects some old friends"
607:." The episode's title alludes to the collapse of protagonist
1593:
Readings in Oriental Literature: Arabian, Indian, and Islamic
420:
2068:– Annotated text + analyses aligned to Common Core Standards
1538:"Succession's Ozymandias Reference Works on Multiple Levels"
2572:
Wolfstein, The Murderer; or, The Secrets of a Robber's Cave
1522:
641:
210:
207:
189:
1740:
Miscellaneous and Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley
1591:: A Case of the Cultural Hybridity of the Eastern Other".
1111:
453:
Miscellaneous and Posthumous Poems of Percy Bysshe Shelley
330:
Les Ruines, ou méditations sur les révolutions des empires
318:
Shelley, who had explored similar themes in his 1813 work
183:
1829:"Romantic Interests: "Ozymandias" and a Runaway Dormouse"
780:
778:
566:
242:. It was first published in the 11 January 1818 issue of
198:
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Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle
2011:
Richmond, H. M. (1962). "Ozymandias and the Travelers".
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816:
814:
1307:"Question paper: Paper 1P Poetry anthology - June 2022"
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spent the Christmas season of 1817–1818 with Percy and
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each created a poem on the subject of Egyptian pharaoh
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Rosalind and Helen, a modern eclogue; with other poems
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444:
Rosalind and Helen, A Modern Eclogue; with Other Poems
336:), first published in an English translation in 1792.
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Rosalind and Helen, A Modern Eclogue; with Other Poems
1794:
Sites of Exchange: European Crossroads and Faultlines
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used the term "Ozymandias melancholia" in his movies
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1710:
Everest, Kelvin; Matthews, Geoffrey (23 June 2014).
1629:
Crook, Nora; Guiton, Derek (1986). "Elephantiasis".
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Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
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The Ruins, or a Survey of the Revolutions of Empires
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2043:, Vol. 37, No. 2 (Summer, 1998), pp. 217–233.
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966:
954:
849:Colossal bust of Ramesses II, 'The Younger Memnon'
594:, as Shelley was an influential figure in Russia.
1997:Johnstone Parr (1957). "Shelley's 'Ozymandias'".
483:The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed:
311:at least as far back as a failed 1798 attempt by
2861:
2089:"Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822), "Ozymandias""
2029:, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Spring, 1986), pp. 63–73.
1416:
1038:
475:Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
339:
1709:
1587:Khan, Jalal Uddin (2015). "Narrating Shelley's
1456:Smith, Ben; Robertson, Katie (1 October 2021).
699:http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/ozymandias
479:Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
2236:Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things
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1017:
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471:Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
386:, a weekly paper published by Leigh's brother
2127:
880:
795:
793:
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477:And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
473:Stand in the desart. Near them, on the sand,
1713:The Poems of Shelley: Volume Two: 1817–1819
1628:
1012:
499:The lone and level sands stretch far away.
2307:Posthumous Fragments of Margaret Nicholson
2134:
2120:
2054:Audiorecording of "Ozymandias" by the BBC.
2015:, Vol. 11, (Winter, 1962), pp. 65–71.
1185:sfn error: no target: CITEREFEverest1992 (
790:
603:, the 14th episode of season 5 is titled "
497:Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
493:Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!"
56:
1810:
1676:
1199:
784:
505:Percy Shelley, "Ozymandias", 1819 edition
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2059:Ozymandias Summary, Themes, and Analysis
1746:
1557:el-Mohtar, Amal; Gladstone, Max (2020).
1258:
1211:
1006:
495:No thing beside remains. Round the decay
277:
1934:
1904:"'Ozymandias': The Riddle of the Sands"
1894:Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus
1730:
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485:And on the pedestal these words appear:
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1417:Hoffman-Schwartz, Daniel (July 2015).
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835:
469:I met a traveller from an antique land
344:
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1967:Wells, John C. (1990). "Ozymandias".
1966:
1938:Teachable poems from Sting to Shelley
1901:
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1373:
1326:
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948:
769:
2564:Wolfstein; or, The Mysterious Bandit
2460:Rosalind and Helen, A Modern Eclogue
2299:Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire
1679:Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics
1586:
1230:(2005). "The Pharaoh and the Poet".
1226:
1117:
1075:
1060:participating institution membership
860:
426:1817 draft by Percy Bysshe Shelley,
2580:Zastrozzi, The Master of Discipline
1897:(Pennsylvania Electronic ed.).
1561:. Saga Press. pp. 7, 14, 191.
1123:
898:
13:
2890:Cultural depictions of Ramesses II
2444:Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude
2022:, Vol. 26, (1977), pp. 29–31.
2008:, Vol. 44, (1995), pp. 22–28.
1987:
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1252:
1217:
909:
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14:
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1614:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
1595:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
1559:This Is How You Lose the Time War
1095:. Cliffsnotes.com. Archived from
666:This Is How You Lose the Time War
656:. The work is also referenced in
326:Constantin François de Chassebœuf
282:The statue fragment known as the
2752:The Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley
2283:" (published posthumously, 1840)
2184:
2071:
1971:. Harrow: Longman. p. 508.
1969:Longman pronunciation dictionary
1419:"On Breaking Bad / 'Ozymandias'"
1327:Regis, Amber K. (2 April 2020).
807:. London: Hollinger. p. 72.
419:
407:
349:The banker and political writer
176:
153:
23:. For the Egyptian pharaoh, see
1827:Carter, Charles (6 July 2018).
1579:
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1530:
1510:
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1404:10.5699/modelangrevi.108.4.1221
1388:10.5699/modelangrevi.108.4.1221
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978:
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16:Sonnet written by Percy Shelley
2870:Poetry by Percy Bysshe Shelley
2681:Sir Percy Shelley, 3rd Baronet
2658:The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein
2397:One Word is Too Often Profaned
2273:A Philosophical View of Reform
2091:. Representative Poetry Online
1935:Pfister, Manfred, ed. (1994).
1633:. Cambridge University Press.
1091:CliffsNotes on Shelley's Poems
1022:Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1819).
866:
841:
801:Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1876).
590:. It has been translated into
378:Shelley wrote the poem around
1:
2832:The Haunting of Villa Diodati
2250:A Vindication of Natural Diet
2243:A Letter to Lord Ellenborough
1902:Brown, James (January 1998).
1816:"Original Poetry. Ozymandias"
1345:10.1080/14748932.2020.1715052
851:. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
756:
723:For the original Greek, see:
340:Writing, publication and text
2606:Keats–Shelley Memorial House
2529:History of a Six Weeks' Tour
2258:History of a Six Weeks' Tour
1662:10.1080/10509585.2010.514494
725:Diodorus Siculus. "1.47.4".
571:Power and Conflict Anthology
515:Shelley's "Ozymandias" is a
7:
2404:Music, When Soft Voices Die
2348:Hymn to Intellectual Beauty
2081:public domain audiobook at
1891:. In Curran, Stuart (ed.).
1885:Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
1833:The New York Public Library
672:
569:'s GCSE English Literature
511:Analysis and interpretation
29:Ozymandias (disambiguation)
10:
2916:
2182:
1376:The Modern Language Review
640:The poem is quoted by the
619:was named after the poem.
62:Shelley's "Ozymandias" in
18:
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2276:(1819–20, published 1920)
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2193:
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2101:(text of poem with notes)
1944:. Heidelberg: C. Winter.
1726:– via Google Books.
1612:"Romanticism" – and Byron
1047:Oxford English Dictionary
714:, accessed 12 April 2014.
701:, accessed 12 April 2014.
324:, was also influenced by
300:Giovanni Battista Belzoni
273:
152:
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2880:Ancient Egypt in fiction
2268:" (1817, published 1832)
2229:The Necessity of Atheism
1920:10.1179/ksr.1998.12.1.51
1908:The Keats-Shelley Review
1650:European Romantic Review
1631:Shelley's Venomed Melody
684:
449:Charles and James Ollier
2759:Shelley's Vegetarianism
1089:"MacEachen, Dougald B.
1052:Oxford University Press
988:. Nypl.org. 6 July 2018
660:'s song "Sapokanikan".
545:" storytelling device.
523:, but with an atypical
462:
439:sonnet of the same name
234:written by the English
2849:Shelley Memorial Award
2107:The poem, set to music
2041:Studies in Romanticism
2027:Studies in Romanticism
1423:Oxford Literary Review
1120:, pp. 64, 67, 72.
508:
287:
27:. For other uses, see
2784:Bride of Frankenstein
2766:Shelley: A Life Story
2715:Thomas Jefferson Hogg
2508:The Masque of Anarchy
2020:Keats-Shelley Journal
2013:Keats-Shelley Journal
2006:Keats-Shelley Journal
1999:Keats-Shelley Journal
1732:Shelley, Percy Bysshe
1435:10.3366/olr.2015.0157
1261:Keats-Shelley Journal
1028:. London. p. 92.
902:Bibliotheca Historica
728:Bibliotheca Historica
575:Richard Watson Gilder
527:, which violates the
466:
372:Bibliotheca historica
286:in the British Museum
281:
2816:Rowing with the Wind
2735:Edward John Trelawny
2588:Zastrozzi, A Romance
2376:Ode to the West Wind
2143:Percy Bysshe Shelley
2034:Keats Shelley Review
1742:. London: W. Benbow.
1137:. 18 December 2013.
923:. 18 December 2013.
549:Reception and impact
396:, were published in
240:Percy Bysshe Shelley
159:Ozymandias (Shelley)
49:Percy Bysshe Shelley
2834:" (2020 TV episode)
2730:Thomas Love Peacock
2652:authorship question
2519:Collaborations with
2500:The Triumph of Life
2452:The Revolt of Islam
2281:A Defence of Poetry
2036:, 14 (2000), 95–99.
1814:(11 January 1818).
1050:(Online ed.).
899:Siculus, Diodorus.
644:character David in
519:, written in loose
393:The Revolt of Islam
345:Publication history
266:under the title of
2693:Sir Bysshe Shelley
2642:Authorship debates
2492:The Witch of Atlas
2484:Julian and Maddalo
2291:Poetry collections
2166:Prometheus Unbound
1761:10.1353/mln.0.0197
1462:The New York Times
863:, pp. 66, 77.
459:, both in London.
313:Napoleon Bonaparte
288:
73:First published in
21:Ozymandias (Smith)
2857:
2856:
2623:Shelley's Cottage
2369:Love's Philosophy
2001:, Vol. VI (1957).
1994:pp. 121–148.
1889:"Ruins of Empire"
1568:978-1-5344-3099-0
1058:(Subscription or
634:To Rome with Love
628:Stardust Memories
597:In the AMC drama
583:Wuthering Heights
539:travel literature
521:iambic pentameter
168:
167:
118:iambic pentameter
2907:
2900:Historical poems
2704:Claire Clairmont
2628:Shelley Memorial
2334:The Devil's Walk
2315:Posthumous Poems
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1963:
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1755:(5): S155–S168.
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1382:(4): 1221–1236.
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611:'s drug empire.
543:once upon a time
506:
491:, King of Kings:
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451:and in the 1826
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367:Diodorus Siculus
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2895:1818 in England
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2711:(father-in-law)
2687:Timothy Shelley
2663:
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2617:Rising Universe
2594:
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2423:
2418:England in 1819
2321:
2286:
2266:On Frankenstein
2216:
2189:
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1988:Further reading
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1681:(24): 121–148.
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1316:. 14 July 2023.
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1131:"King of Kings"
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1099:on 5 March 2013
1093:. 18 July 2011"
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2808:Haunted Summer
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2048:External links
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1492:Film Criticism
1482:
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1429:(1): 163–165.
1409:
1366:
1339:(2): 168–182.
1333:Brontë Studies
1319:
1298:
1296:, p. 149.
1286:
1251:
1216:
1214:, p. 161.
1204:
1202:, p. 121.
1200:Rodenbeck 2004
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999:
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785:Glirastes 1818
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1716:. Routledge.
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1212:Stephens 2009
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1182:
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1167:
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1135:The Economist
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799:Reprinted in
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2824:Mary Shelley
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2675:Mary Shelley
2656:
2650:Frankenstein
2649:
2615:
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2527:
2521:Mary Shelley
2506:
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2383:To a Skylark
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2313:
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2156:
2100:
2093:. Retrieved
2077:
2063:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1968:
1937:
1914:(1): 51–75.
1911:
1907:
1893:
1852:
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1820:The Examiner
1819:
1793:
1752:
1748:
1739:
1736:"Ozymandias"
1712:
1678:
1653:
1649:
1630:
1611:
1592:
1588:
1580:Bibliography
1558:
1552:
1541:
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1512:
1498:(1): 43–46.
1495:
1491:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
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1422:
1412:
1379:
1375:
1369:
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1332:
1322:
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1294:Pfister 1994
1289:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1240:(4): 76–83.
1237:
1231:
1207:
1195:
1181:Everest 1992
1146:. Retrieved
1134:
1125:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1097:the original
1090:
1083:
1045:
1034:
1024:
1002:
990:. Retrieved
980:
968:
956:
944:
932:. Retrieved
920:
911:
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868:
856:
843:
821:Shelley 1826
803:
765:
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609:Walter White
600:Breaking Bad
598:
596:
588:Emily Brontë
581:
579:
564:
554:
552:
536:
533:
525:rhyme scheme
514:
487:"My name is
468:
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398:The Examiner
397:
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384:The Examiner
383:
377:
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351:Horace Smith
348:
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260:Horace Smith
257:
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245:The Examiner
243:
171:
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139:The Examiner
138:
125:Rhyme scheme
65:The Examiner
64:
33:
2827:(2017 film)
2819:(1988 film)
2811:(1988 film)
2803:(1986 film)
2795:(1984 play)
2787:(1935 film)
2744:Biographies
2556:Adaptations
2326:Short poems
2221:Non-fiction
1543:Den of Geek
973:Carter 2018
961:Graham 1925
836:Chaney 2006
623:Woody Allen
264:Ramesses II
25:Ramesses II
2875:1818 poems
2864:Categories
2776:Portrayals
2720:John Keats
2699:Lord Byron
2537:Proserpine
2428:Long poems
2362:Ozymandias
2355:Mont Blanc
2341:Mutability
2210:St. Irvyne
2078:Ozymandias
2065:Ozymandias
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1589:Ozymandias
1475:27 October
1166:Brown 1998
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1062:required.)
949:Mozer 2010
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770:Wells 1990
757:References
653:Succession
605:Ozymandias
489:Ozymandias
363:Leigh Hunt
359:John Keats
268:Ozymandias
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2436:Queen Mab
2390:The Cloud
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2194:Fiction
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