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are calculated by the software for each hypermetabolic region detected in the image. It provides a quantification of size of the lesion, since functional imaging does not provide a precise anatomical estimate of its extent. The CT can be used for that, when the lesion is also visualized in its images
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A whole body scan, which usually is made from mid-thighs to the top of the head, takes from 5 minutes to 40 minutes depending on the acquisition protocol and technology of the equipment used. FDG imaging protocols acquires slices with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm. Hypermetabolic lesions are shown as
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have been changing rapidly under the influence of PET-CT availability, and centers have been gradually abandoning conventional PET devices and substituting them by PET-CTs. Although the combined/hybrid device is considerably more expensive, it has the advantage of providing both functions as
709:
Human Health Campus, The official website of the
International Atomic Energy Agency dedicated to Professionals in Radiation Medicine. This site is managed by the Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and
267:
By diagnosing with the help of a PET-CT, the advantages of the two individual methods are combined, and the result considerably exceeds images obtained by the two devices taken separately.
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in many fields, by adding precision of anatomic localization to functional imaging, which was previously lacking from pure PET imaging. For example, many diagnostic imaging procedures in
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The substance used, although it is radioactive, presents a very low degree of risk, it is naturally eliminated by the body within a maximum of 24 hours after administration
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The combination of PET and CT scanners was first suggested by R. Raylman in his 1991 Ph.D. thesis. The first PET-CT systems were constructed by David
Townsend (at the
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489:
FDG doses in quantities sufficient to carry out 4–5 examinations are delivered daily, twice or more per day, by the provider to the diagnostic imaging center.
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as well as a production line for the radiopharmaceuticals. At least one PET-CT radiopharmaceutical is made on site from a generator: Ga-68 from a
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Now the patient is automatically moved through the PET gantry, which is mounted in parallel with the CT gantry, and the PET slices are acquired.
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activity in the body can be more precisely aligned or correlated with anatomic imaging obtained by CT scanning. Two- and three-dimensional
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are placed in the patient's body before acquiring the PET-CT images. The slices thus acquired may be transferred digitally to a
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A – CT image; B – PET image; C – Coregistered PET and CT images. The bright red/yellow masses show hypermetabolic areas of the
181:(CT) scanner, to acquire sequential images from both devices in the same session, which are combined into a single superposed (
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in 1998. The first commercial system reached the market by 2001, and by 2004, over 400 systems had been installed worldwide.
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The method allows identification of all cancerous formations in the body, regardless of their size or degree of development.
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The patient may now leave the device, and the PET-CT software starts reconstructing and aligning the PET and CT images.
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Reduction of positron range effects by the application of a magnetic field: For use with positron emission tomography
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injection of a dose of recently produced 2-FDG or 3-FDG is made, usually by arm vein. Dosage ranges from 3.7 to 7.4
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542:
Shriwastav, Ravi; Gupta, Ravi Kant; Mittal, Ravi; Kumar, Rakesh; Poudel, Sagar; Yadav, Prakash Chand (2022-01-17).
61:
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with the arms resting at the sides, or brought together above the head, depending on the main region of interest (
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The only other obstacle to the wider use of PET-CT is the difficulty and cost of producing and transporting the
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The patient is automatically moved head first into the CT gantry, and the x-ray tomogram is acquired.
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The operator uses the PET-CT computer console to identify the patient and examination, delimit the
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The diagnosis time is short, the doctor can thus save precious time in the fight with the disease
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544:"Evaluation of Skeletal and Extra-Skeletal Tuberculosis by FDG-PET/CT with Clinical Correlation"
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On the day of the exam, the patient rests lying for a minimum of 15 min, in order to quiet down
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which is used to perform precise bombardment of the target areas using high energy photons (
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limits of the body scan onto the scout view, selects the scanning parameters and starts the
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After one or two hours, the patient is placed into the PET-CT device, usually lying in a
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used for PET imaging, which are usually extremely short-lived. For instance, the
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An example of how PET-CT works in the work-up of FDG metabolic mapping follows:
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Townsend, David W. (2008), "Combined PET/CT: the historical perspective",
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An automatic bed moves head first into the gantry, first obtaining a
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section, obtained with the X-ray tube fixed into the upper position.
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stand-alone examinations, being, in fact, two devices in one.
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activity, which might be interpreted as abnormal metabolism.
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obtained by PET, which depicts the spatial distribution of
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Before the exam, the patient fasts for at least 6 hours.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
299:with metastases of a previous, surgically removed
455:period, which follows without human intervention.
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155:Positron emission tomography–computed tomography
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338:
587:"PET CT Scan: Purpose, Procedure, Benefits"
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518:Single-photon emission computed tomography
201:may be rendered as a function of a common
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1605:Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
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333:University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
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169:technique which combines, in a single
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481:onto the gray-value coded CT images.
135:A complete body PET / CT Fusion image
728:PET CT for evaluation of Lung Cancer
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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13:
1412:Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
14:
1719:
702:
1667:
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600:Raylman, Raymond Robert (1991).
23:
1169:Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
311:Siemens Biograph PET-CT scanner
34:needs additional citations for
1417:Radioactive iodine uptake test
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673:
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494:image-guided radiation therapy
418:) per kilogram of body weight.
1:
1397:Radionuclide ventriculography
871:Lower gastrointestinal series
863:Upper gastrointestinal series
737:– from Harvard Medical School
724:– from Harvard Medical School
695:. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
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1698:Computing in medical imaging
1588:Optical coherence tomography
1510:Myocardial perfusion imaging
1098:Dental panoramic radiography
175:positron emission tomography
7:
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10:
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1693:3D nuclear medical imaging
1392:Ventilation/perfusion scan
867:Small-bowel follow-through
649:10.1053/j.sult.2008.05.006
483:Standardized Uptake Values
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208:PET-CT has revolutionized
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1633:Dynamic angiothermography
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339:Procedure for FDG imaging
179:x-ray computed tomography
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1623:Non-contact thermography
1402:Radionuclide angiography
1254:Doppler echocardiography
1407:Radioisotope renography
683:. Publicis. 2011. pp.79
1442:Gastric emptying study
637:Semin Ultrasound CT MR
608:deepblue.lib.umich.edu
567:Cite journal requires
552:10.5281/zenodo.5866467
319:) and Ronald Nutt (at
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304:
16:Medical imaging method
1103:X-ray motion analysis
986:X-ray microtomography
905:Hysterosalpingography
812:Pneumoencephalography
693:NHS Choices: PET scan
331:and installed at the
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303:in a 69-yr-old woman.
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177:(PET) scanner and an
1628:Contact thermography
1338:Emergency ultrasound
1276:Transcranial Doppler
1027:Abdominal and pelvis
317:University of Geneva
263:Benefits of PET-CT
258:gallium-68 generator
234:radiopharmaceuticals
205:and control system.
199:image reconstruction
43:improve this article
1595:Confocal microscopy
1473:Indium-111 WBC scan
1296:Echoencephalography
1032:Virtual colonoscopy
681:Computed Tomography
496:of cancer, special
1583:Optical tomography
1432:Dacryoscintigraphy
1427:Immunoscintigraphy
1066:Whole body imaging
817:Dental radiography
741:Benefits of PET-CT
733:2008-02-19 at the
720:2008-05-12 at the
502:linear accelerator
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250:fluorodeoxyglucose
248:metabolism (using
244:(F) used to trace
187:functional imaging
157:(better known as
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1642:Target conditions
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1422:Bone scintigraphy
1387:Scintimammography
1382:Cholescintigraphy
1227:contrast-enhanced
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1071:Full-body CT scan
971:General operation
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920:Angiocardiography
679:Kalender, Willi.
453:image acquisition
414:(0.1 to 0.2
222:radiation therapy
218:surgical planning
210:medical diagnosis
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981:High-resolution
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735:Wayback Machine
722:Wayback Machine
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301:colon carcinoma
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743:- from Medicai
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32:This article
30:
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21:
20:
1708:Neuroimaging
1649:Acute stroke
1615:Thermography
1547:
1370:scintigraphy
1360:Radionuclide
1348:pre-hospital
1194:Tractography
1113:Radiodensity
1015:calcium scan
976:Quantitative
710:Applications
688:
680:
675:
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636:
630:
619:. Retrieved
607:
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581:
560:cite journal
537:
523:Neuroimaging
506:radiosurgery
492:For uses in
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142:OPS-301 code
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1538:Cardiac PET
1311:renal tract
1286:Gynecologic
1218:Techniques
1189:restriction
1164:Angiography
1147:Neurography
1093:Fluoroscopy
1039:Angiography
1020:angiography
964:Techniques:
925:Aortography
915:Angiography
895:Cystography
885:Mammography
827:Myelography
822:Sialography
791:radiography
471:false color
405:intravenous
242:fluorine-18
195:biochemical
1687:Categories
1451:Full body:
1237:endoscopic
1211:Ultrasound
1140:functional
937:Lymphogram
932:Venography
900:Arthrogram
621:2020-11-19
610:(Thesis).
529:References
69:newspapers
1654:Pregnancy
1533:Brain PET
1501:gamma ray
1437:DMSA scan
1291:Obstetric
1184:diffusion
1179:Sequences
1157:perfusion
1049:Pulmonary
996:Cone beam
890:Pyelogram
254:cyclotron
238:half-life
191:metabolic
1672:Category
1524:positron
1044:Coronary
731:Archived
718:Archived
667:18795489
512:See also
438:sagittal
434:tomogram
374:muscular
214:oncology
203:software
58:"PET-CT"
1571:Optical
1553:PET-MRI
1333:Carotid
1328:Scrotal
1222:doppler
1152:Cardiac
1061:Thyroid
1005:Targets
956:CT scan
658:2777694
473:-coded
449:rostral
287:History
281:PET-MRI
246:glucose
165:) is a
83:scholar
1548:PET-CT
1323:Breast
1318:Rectal
1242:duplex
1174:Breast
1011:Heart
665:
655:
479:voxels
475:pixels
445:caudal
297:pelvis
171:gantry
163:PET/CT
159:PET-CT
124:PET-CT
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1575:Laser
1497:SPECT
1306:renal
1135:Brain
1086:Other
786:X-ray
408:bolus
90:JSTOR
76:books
1343:FAST
1056:Head
663:PMID
573:help
447:and
224:and
173:, a
147:3-75
62:news
1520:PET
1488:ECT
1486:3D/
1368:2D/
1269:ICE
1264:TEE
1259:TTE
1127:MRI
858:DXR
854:DXA
849:KUB
844:AXR
832:CXR
653:PMC
645:doi
612:hdl
548:doi
508:).
477:or
427:ROI
416:mCi
403:An
329:NCI
323:in
193:or
161:or
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1232:3D
800:2D
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