393:. Steve Schanes recalled, "I figured if you want to get people's attention with a new comic book, who better to do it with than the King of Comics, Jack Kirby! We were already friends with Jack. We used to send him free copies of comics he'd drawn for other publishers because they never sent him any! So I just went ahead and called him on the phone, and he turned out to be a nice guy, completely accessible. ... We negotiated a whole detailed publishing deal between the two of us. No middlemen."
25:
679:—feared that having Pacific, a rival publisher, as their distributor could result in their being cut off from comic shops. This likely played a factor in the multiple alternate distributors who came into being to compete with Pacific, until nearly a quarter of Pacific's comic-shop accounts defected to alternate distributors in 1984, skipping out on paying Pacific for upwards of three months' worth of comic books.
389:, and distributed it through their own system. The Schanes brothers took note, and decided to follow suit, even though they were still paying off debt from a $ 300,000 bank loan taken out in 1979 at 25 percent interest. Steve — who, with a degree in sculpture had a background in art — handled negotiations with creators, while Bill took on the business and accounting end. The brothers turned to
683:
that they would all be out of work by
September. According to Steve Schanes, Pacific's publishing arm was still seeing profit at the time of the closure, but it was outweighed by the losses of the distribution arm, and he and his brother lacked the business expertise to sell off part of the business.
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Most of our comic books still made money hand over fist, but there was a big problem in distribution. We extended too much credit to retailers who didn't pay us on a timely basis, and we were already working on a minuscule profit margin, maybe five percent to eight percent. We didn't push hard enough
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At the same time, Pacific and parent company Blue
Dolphin Enterprises found themselves the target of lawsuits, including some dealing with foreign rights and royalties for Pacific-published creator-owned titles. In August 1984, with the company $ 740,000 in debt, the Schaneses informed their staff
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The
Schaneses asked Kirby, who had effectively quit comics in 1978, for only the publishing rights, assuring him that he could keep full ownership and copyrights, and said they would even help him license characters for use overseas or in other media. Thus, Pacific claims to have become the first
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The brothers hired their father, Steven E. Schanes, as financial vice president and their mother (Christine Marra) as office manager. Elder brother Paul "Pablo" worked in the financial records department, and sister Chris, an L.A.-based attorney, provided counsel on legal affairs.
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and converted it into a distribution hub. It was also operating warehouses in L.A. and
Phoenix at the time. Printing about 500,000 comic books every month, the Schanses employed around forty people at their San Diego operation alone, and were grossing over $ 3.5 million per annum.
338:, comics were selling well, and Pacific expanded its distribution system nationwide, raising $ 200,000 by closing its four San Diego retail locations and selling off inventory, rising rapidly to the top of the new distribution system.
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More importantly, the distribution arm of
Pacific was suffering serious problems, due in part to overly-generous credit extensions to retailers, which were not paid back as quickly as expected. Thus, Steve Schanes explained:
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In the six years between 1974 and 1980, comic or fantasy-related specialty shops rose from numbering 200–300 to around 1500, while
Pacific was operating out of a 2,200-square-foot (200 m) office warehouse in
303:, in 1974, and business was soon doing so well that the brothers realized they "couldn't get merchandise" for the stores, and so set up a distribution system, which was soon supplying neighboring stores also.
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to get the money from receivables, who owed us hundreds of thousands of dollars. If you had to boil down the single biggest reason we blew it, that would be our poor cash management on the distribution side.
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416:(who recalls that he was actually the first to sign with Pacific by a couple of weeks, but that Kirby's work was published first because he "delivered his first.") who had planned his
403:, which was published bimonthly from August 1981. Though the Schaneses anticipated sales of less than 25,000, the first issue sold 110,000 copies. Kirby then let Pacific publish his
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In 1983 Pacific upgraded to paper with higher quality ink. Pacific's innovations in creator-owned properties and high-quality printings were soon imitated by industry leaders
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Pacific continued to distribute and publish comics, running both operations from a San Diego warehouse to which they'd moved in July 1982. They also purchased a firehouse in
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606:, and a domino effect began to occur as the loss of a high-profile title to a rival publisher engendered bad industry PR, leading other creators to lose faith in Pacific.
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and others. Sales on the expensively-produced comic, however, were poor, and sales all round were following suit. One-shots became more common, and tolerable sales on
483:, who had started as a comics retailer in 1975, and risen to general manager of Pacific's four San Diego shops by the late 1970s. He helped to bring the reclusive
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346:, with 500 wholesale accounts. According to elder brother Steve, the company "grossed just under a million dollars that year," soon doubling its floorspace.
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acquired the rights, putting
Pacific in the awkward position of continuing as distributor on a comic from a rival publisher that they had helped promote.
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310:(non-returnable, heavily discounted, direct purchasing of comics from publishers) happened in the 1970s, in large part due to the work of
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In 1971, the
Schanes brothers (Steve Schanes, age 17, and Bill Schanes, age 13) co-founded Pacific Comics, which started out as a
322:. The direct market went hand-in-hand with the creation of specialist comics shops to cater to the collectors who could then buy
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Pacific's publication arm was also attracting competitors, and
Pacific found itself distributing competitors' titles, including
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437:#2 came up short a few pages, Stevens was approached to fill in the remaining pages, and ultimately came up with
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months after a newsstand issue had disappeared. By the late 1970s, thanks partly to the success of films such as
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1035:"The birth and death of Pacific Comics: Bill and Steve Schanes started on 5011 Cass Street in Pacific Beach,"
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to appear from DC, but after it dropped from the schedule, the
Schaneses approached him about publishing it.
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Before long, Pacific had attracted interest from other comics professionals, including
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was hired to do the production, after he had successfully converted a Kirby image for
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After the 1984 collapse of Pacific, many of its creator-owned publications moved to
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Thompson, Kim (February 1985). "Eclipse picks up more Pacific titles". Newswatch.
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also closed down. Pacific's distribution centers and warehouses were purchased by
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and Steve Schanes, later moving into comics distribution and then publishing.
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by several months, Mike Grell decided to take his creator-owned property to
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Heintjes, Tom (February 1985). "Pacific Comics Liquidated". Newswatch.
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Steven E. Schanes, Christine Marra, Paul "Pablo" Schanes, Chris Schanes
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company to pay royalty payments to Kirby. Kirby provided Pacific with
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631:. With this in mind, other publishers—including Capital City (whose
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In 1979, Pacific dipped its feet into publishing when they released
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After organizational difficulties pushed back the release of
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portfolio of six signed, colored plates meant to accompany a
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Steve Schanes and his wife, Ann Fera, subsequently founded
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1017:"Newswatch: Pacific Upgrades All Titles to White paper,"
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company, selling to consumers via advertisements in the
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Borax, Mark (January 1988). "Steve Schanes (part 1)".
272:, and thus were free to feature more mature content.
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Comic book publishing companies of the United States
200:
Mail order service, Retailer, Distributor, Publisher
479:Pacific's published output contained editorials by
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
256:, attracting a number of writers and artists from
1004:"Jack Kirby Returns to Comics with Cosmic Hero,"
241:active from 1971 to 1984. The company began as a
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545:
446:
980:"The John Buscema Checklist", by Michel Maillot
562:. Steve Schanes decided the 3-D book would be
2207:Defunct comics and manga publishing companies
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1149:at the International Catalogue of Superheroes
769:stated that Pacific "formed the template for
550:By 1984, Steve Schanes decided to bring back
2217:Privately held companies based in California
306:The move from newsstand distribution to the
16:Defunct comic book distributor and publisher
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1068:"Newswatch: Pacific Suspends Operations,"
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753:, and Bill Schanes found employment with
425:Another invitee was then-aspiring artist
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2197:Publishing companies established in 1971
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1050:"Comics publisher pins stellar hopes to
568:, featuring the first published work of
400:Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers
1024:
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889:
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777:Creators associated with Pacific Comics
635:comic outsold several Pacific titles),
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992:"The Jack Kirby Chronology: 1970-1979"
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268:titles, which were not subject to the
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893:
1139:at the Comic Book DB (archived from
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245:, comic book shop owned by brothers
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
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842:List of Pacific Comics publications
500:#6, and then featured in issues of
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383:launched a black-and-white title,
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2222:1971 establishments in California
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1161:Pacific Comics: The Inside Story
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1113:. No. 95. pp. 10–11.
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1072:#93 (September 1984), pp. 8-10.
961:"Two Men and their Comic Books"
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370:epic-fantasy tale which ran in
34:needs additional citations for
1485:The Library of American Comics
1340:Creative Impulse Entertainment
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295:. This led to ads inside some
1:
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546:3-D, Elric, and falling sales
447:Experimentation and expansion
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149:1971 (as mail order retailer)
2202:Companies based in San Diego
2031:National Comics Publications
1021:#84 (September 1983), p. 10.
7:
1163:, by Jay Allen Sanford, in
1088:. No. 95. p. 22.
846:
504:. His work was scripted by
379:In 1981, rival distributor
373:Marvel Comics Super Special
10:
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1841:Dabel Brothers Productions
1711:Another Rainbow Publishing
1129:
1057:San Diego Business Journal
839:
755:Diamond Comic Distributors
280:
275:
151:1981 (as comics publisher)
1706:Anglo-American Publishing
1686:All-American Publications
1673:
1310:Black Sands Entertainment
1212:
853:Capital City Distribution
835:
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744:Capital City Distribution
516:had done in the '70s for
490:Ditko's Pacific offering
376:#11-13 (June-Oct. 1979).
301:Pacific Beach, California
215:
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1846:David McKay Publications
1565:Seven Seas Entertainment
1510:MyFutprint Entertainment
1475:Lev Gleason Publications
873:
594:Competition and collapse
522:Blue Dolphin Enterprises
366:and Buscema three-issue
356:Warriors of Shadow Realm
220:Blue Dolphin Enterprises
170:1984 (ceased publishing)
2021:Millennium Publications
1660:Zenescope Entertainment
1008:#65 (Aug. 1981), p. 23.
211:$ 1 million (1980)
1886:Eastern Color Printing
1831:Crestwood Publications
1776:Catalan Communications
1756:Blackthorne Publishing
1575:Skybound Entertainment
1385:Dynamite Entertainment
1370:Devil's Due Publishing
751:Blackthorne Publishing
617:
2111:Strawberry Jam Comics
2016:Maple Leaf Publishing
2006:Mainline Publications
1986:Innovation Publishing
1926:Fox Feature Syndicate
1881:Dreamwave Productions
1736:Atlas/Seaboard Comics
1701:American Comics Group
1595:TidalWave Productions
1375:Drawn & Quarterly
1300:Black Eye Productions
1270:Archaia Entertainment
1203:Comic book publishers
736:Sea Gate Distributors
625:Last Gasp (publisher)
612:
464:Steeleville, Illinois
316:Sea Gate Distributors
243:San Diego, California
181:San Diego, California
2096:Skywald Publications
2091:Sirius Entertainment
2076:Revolutionary Comics
2001:Magazine Enterprises
1946:Gladstone Publishing
1816:ComiXology Originals
1781:Centaur Publications
1580:Slave Labor Graphics
1415:Humanoids Publishing
1350:Darby Pop Publishing
1345:Cross Infinite World
1033:Sanford, Jay Allen.
863:Seagate Distribution
528:to the company, and
292:Comics Buyer's Guide
43:improve this article
1976:Hillman Periodicals
1971:Hillborough Studios
1936:Gemstone Publishing
1906:FantaCo Enterprises
1615:Top Cow Productions
524:. It also welcomed
431:San Diego Comic-Con
335:Superman: The Movie
123:
2116:Street & Smith
2041:New Reliable Press
1991:Kitchen Sink Press
1981:Holyoke Publishing
1871:Double Take Comics
1746:Azteca Productions
1620:Udon Entertainment
1590:Sunday Press Books
1435:Iron Circus Comics
1400:First Second Books
1390:Eureka Productions
1305:Black Mask Studios
1255:Alternative Comics
1110:The Comics Journal
1085:The Comics Journal
1070:The Comics Journal
1019:The Comics Journal
1006:The Comics Journal
957:Sanford, Jay Allen
804:Michael T. Gilbert
621:Kitchen Sink Press
583:Elric of Melniboné
121:
2212:Book distributors
2164:
2163:
2151:Warren Publishing
2136:Tundra Publishing
1996:Lion Forge Comics
1876:Dragon Lady Press
1821:Continuity Comics
1801:Harry "A" Chesler
1716:Ape Entertainment
1691:AfterShock Comics
1355:Dark Horse Comics
1250:Alias Enterprises
1235:Action Lab Comics
1220:Aardvark-Vanaheim
904:. pp. 33–39.
767:Jay Allen Sanford
728:Groo the Wanderer
711:Rocketeer Special
641:Aardvark-Vanaheim
539:Groo the Wanderer
496:was previewed in
225:
224:
172:1985 (liquidated)
119:
118:
111:
93:
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2192:Comics retailers
2101:Sparkplug Comics
2036:Nedor Publishing
1540:Platinum Studios
1490:Mad Cave Studios
1470:Legendary Comics
1225:Abrams ComicArts
1206:in North America
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1166:San Diego Reader
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1059:(March 6, 1989).
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1041:
1040:(Aug. 19, 2004).
1038:San Diego Reader
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966:San Diego Reader
959:(Aug 19, 2004).
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902:Fictioneer Books
897:Comics Interview
891:
824:P. Craig Russell
709:; Dave Stevens'
565:Alien Worlds 3-D
560:Honeycomb cereal
502:Pacific Presents
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2106:Standard Comics
1966:Highwater Books
1951:Gold Key Comics
1901:Eternity Comics
1826:ContinĂĽm Comics
1796:Columbia Comics
1791:Charlton Comics
1771:Cat-Head Comics
1766:Broadway Comics
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1585:Sumerian Comics
1520:Northwest Press
1505:Moonstone Books
1500:Milestone Media
1335:Conundrum Press
1260:Antarctic Press
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900:. No. 54.
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789:Sergio Aragonés
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740:Bud Plant, Inc.
723:Sergio Aragones
707:Somerset Holmes
695:: Bruce Jones'
689:
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530:Sergio Aragonés
518:Charlton Comics
498:Captain Victory
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162:, Steve Schanes
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1155:External links
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512:stories that
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481:David Scroggy
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457:Marvel Comics
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440:The Rocketeer
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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38:
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32:This article
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26:
21:
20:
2146:Viper Comics
2131:Topps Comics
2081:Semic Comics
2050:
1921:First Comics
1761:Bongo Comics
1731:Atlas Comics
1721:Apple Comics
1630:Vault Comics
1600:Titan Comics
1555:Red 5 Comics
1455:Koyama Press
1450:Kodansha USA
1445:Kaiten Books
1440:J-Novel Club
1430:Image Comics
1410:Hermes Press
1325:Class Comics
1285:Avatar Press
1164:
1141:the original
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986:
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964:
895:
829:Dave Stevens
799:Mark Evanier
771:Image Comics
764:
748:
733:
726:
719:Mark Evanier
710:
706:
703:Alien Worlds
702:
696:
690:
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604:First Comics
599:
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588:First Comics
581:
572:, alongside
563:
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537:
534:Mark Evanier
521:
506:Mark Evanier
501:
497:
491:
489:
487:to Pacific.
478:
475:Later output
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461:
450:
438:
434:
427:Dave Stevens
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398:
395:
384:
381:Capital City
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371:
360:John Buscema
355:
353:
340:
333:
327:
312:Phil Seuling
305:
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251:
227:
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177:Headquarters
160:Bill Schanes
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2121:Tekno Comix
1856:Dell Comics
1605:TKO Studios
1550:Radio Comix
1460:La Pastèque
1330:Comic House
1290:AWA Studios
1240:Ahoy Comics
814:Bruce Jones
794:Steve Ditko
687:Liquidation
574:John Bolton
526:Bruce Jones
493:Missing Man
485:Steve Ditko
406:Silver Star
364:Doug Moench
344:Kearny Mesa
324:back issues
270:Comics Code
264:to produce
235:distributor
2171:Categories
2061:Print Mint
2046:NOW Comics
1570:Shadowline
1420:Hyperwerks
1052:Moonwalker
869:References
819:Jack Kirby
809:Mike Grell
784:Neal Adams
600:Starslayer
514:John Byrne
435:Starslayer
419:Starslayer
414:Mike Grell
391:Jack Kirby
368:Weirdworld
350:Publishing
287:mail-order
232:comic book
188:Key people
69:newspapers
2156:WildStorm
1941:Gilberton
1891:EC Comics
1811:ComicsOne
1665:Z2 Comics
1655:Yen Press
1640:Viz Media
1535:Papercutz
1525:Oni Press
1465:Last Gasp
1360:DC Comics
1280:Aspen MLT
1230:AC Comics
1119:0194-7869
1094:0194-7869
669:New Media
645:Educomics
578:Bill Wray
570:Art Adams
453:DC Comics
329:Star Wars
320:Bud Plant
258:DC Comics
239:publisher
1836:CrossGen
1635:Vertical
1610:Tokyopop
847:See also
715:one-shot
556:Ray Zone
510:Rog 2000
314:and his
197:Services
136:Industry
99:May 2008
1130:Sources
765:Writer
657:Eclipse
649:Quality
281:Origins
276:History
205:Revenue
167:Defunct
156:Founder
146:Founded
83:scholar
1806:Comico
1674:Former
1380:DSTLRY
1213:Active
1117:
1092:
836:Titles
761:Legacy
742:, and
713:and a
705:, and
677:Mirage
665:Vortex
637:Comico
627:, and
230:was a
140:Comics
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1365:Denpa
874:Notes
661:First
653:Eagle
633:Nexus
386:Nexus
216:Owner
90:JSTOR
76:books
1115:ISSN
1090:ISSN
532:and
455:and
358:, a
332:and
260:and
247:Bill
237:and
62:news
773:."
717:of
552:3-D
536:'s
45:by
2173::
1054:."
1026:^
963:.
910:^
882:^
757:.
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106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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