1448:. This narrative portrayed Japanese soldiers as brutish simians, and it depicted their concealed positions being betrayed by their repugnant body odor. Chinese characters received the same treatment. "By the time the United States entered WWII, negative perceptions of Chinese were an established part of mass culture...." However, concerned that the Japanese could use America's anti-Chinese material as propaganda they began "to present a more positive image of America's Chinese allies..." Just as they tried to show better representation for Black people in comics they did the same for Asian people. However, "Japanese and Filipino characters were visually indistinguishable. Both groups have grotesque buckteeth, tattered clothing, and bright yellow skin." "Publishers depicted America's Asian allies through derogatory images and language honed over the preceding decades." Asian characters were previously portrayed as, "ghastly yellow demons". During WWII, " major superhero worth his spandex devoted himself to the eradication of Asian invaders." There was "a constant relay race in which one Asian culture merely handed off the baton of hatred to another with no perceptible changes in the manner in which the characters would be portrayed."
1430:, an all-black air force unit. Instead of making the comic about their story, the comic was about Hop Harrigan. A white pilot who captures a Nazi, shows him videos of the 99th Squadron defeating his men and then reveals to the Nazi that his men were defeated by African Americans which infuriated him as he sees them as a less superior race and cannot believe they bested his men."The Tuskegee Airmen, and images of black aviators appear in just three of the fifty three panels... the pilots of the 99th Squadron have no dialogue and interact with neither Hop Harrigan nor his Nazi captive." During this time, they also used black characters in comic books as a means to invalidate the militant black groups that were fighting for equality within the U.S. "Spider-Man 'made it clear that militant black power was not the remedy for racial injustice'." "The Falcon openly criticized black behavior stating' maybe it's important fo [
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components of comic books encompass panels, speech bubbles (also known as balloons), text lines, and characters. Speech balloons generally take the form of convex containers that hold character dialogue and are connected to the character via a tail element. The tail comprises an origin, path, tip, and directional point. The creation of comic books involves several essential steps: writing, drawing, and coloring. Various technological tools and methods are employed to craft comic books, incorporating concepts such as directions, axes, data, and metrics. Following these formatting guidelines, the process unfolds with writing, drawing, and coloring. In the United States, the term "comic book", is generally used for comics
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raccoon, is dehumanizing. As with Sambo, the coon was portrayed as a lazy, easily frightened, chronically idle, inarticulate, buffoon." This portrayal "was of course another attempt to solidify the intellectual inferiority of the black race through popular culture." However, in the 1940s there was a change in portrayal of black characters. "A cursory glance...might give the impression that situations had improved for
African Americans in comics." In many comics being produced in this time there was a major push for tolerance between races. "These equality minded heroes began to spring to action just as African Americans were being asked to participate in the war effort."
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1911:. Although on a smaller scale than similar investigations in the US, such concerns led to a moderation of content published within British comics. Such moderation never became formalized to the extent of promulgating a code, nor did it last long. The UK has also established a healthy market in the reprinting and repackaging of material, notably material originating in the US. The lack of reliable supplies of American comic books led to a variety of black-and-white reprints, including Marvel's monster comics of the 1950s, Fawcett's
29:
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1421:, there was a character named Steamboat who embodied a collection of highly negative stereotypes prevalent during that period. The Writers' War Board did not request any alterations to this character despite the problematic portrayal. The removal of Steamboat from the series only came about due to the persistent advocacy of a black youth group based in New York City." Originally their request was refused by individuals working on the comic stating, "
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Americans, they were also using it as propaganda to " a justification for race-based hatred of
America's foreign enemies." The Writers' War Board created comics books that were meant to " domestic racial harmony". However, "these pro-tolerance narratives struggled to overcome the popular and widely understood negative tropes used for decades in American mass culture...". However, they were not accomplishing this agenda within all of their comics.
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worth of US$ 8.49 billion. This positive trajectory continued in 2021, with the market's annual valuation surging to US$ 9.21 billion. The rising popularity of comic books can be attributed to heightened global interest, driven significantly by collaborative efforts among diverse brands. These collaborations are geared towards producing more engaging and appealing comic content, contributing to the industry's continued growth.
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1451:"The only specific depiction of a Hispanic superhero did not end well. In 1975, Marvel gave us Hector Ayala (a.k.a The White Tiger)." "Although he fought for several years alongside the likes of much more popular heroes such as Spider-Man and Daredevil, he only lasted six years before sales of comics featuring him got so bad that Marvel had him retire. The most famous Hispanic character is Bane, a villain from Batman."
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825:, which launched an investigation into comic books. Wertham argued that comic books were accountable for a surge in juvenile delinquency and posed a potential impact on a child's sexuality and moral values. In response to attention from the government and from the media, the US comic book industry set up the Comics Magazine Association of America. The CMAA instilled the
1200:#15. New characters were frequently introduced in this manner, waiting for an established audience before launching their own titles. Consequently, comics featuring the debut appearance of a significant character can sometimes be even more challenging to locate than the inaugural issue of that character's standalone series.
1838:. The stock media phrase "real 'Roy of the Rovers' stuff" is often used by football writers, commentators and fans when describing displays of great skill, or surprising results that go against the odds, in reference to the dramatic storylines that were the strip's trademark. Other comic books such as
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included many kinds of caricatures 'for the sake of humor'." The black youth group responded with "this is not the Negro race, but your one-and-a-half millions readers will think it so." Afterwards, Steamboat disappeared from the comics all together. There was a comic created about the 99th
Squadron,
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Comic books heavily rely on their organization and visual presentation. Authors dedicate significant attention to aspects like page layout, size, orientation, and the positioning of panels. These characteristics are crucial for effectively conveying the content and messages within the comic book. Key
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in the 1930s. By 1950 the weekly circulation of both reached two million. Explaining the enormous popularity of comics in the UK during this period, Anita O'Brien, director curator at London's
Cartoon Museum, states: "When comics like the Beano and Dandy were invented back in the 1930s â and through
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The creation of these original artwork pages involves a collaborative effort: a writer crafts the story, a pencil artist designs the sequential panels on the page, an ink artist goes over the pencil with pen and ink, a letterer provides the dialogue and narration through hand-lettering, and finally,
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Comic book collectors often exhibit a lifelong passion for the stories within comics, often focusing on specific superheroes and striving to gather a complete collection of a particular series. Comics are assigned sequential numbers, and the initial issue of a long-lasting comic book series tends to
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In 2017, the comic book market size for North
America was just over $ 1 billion with digital sales being flat, book stores having a 1 percent decline, and comic book stores having a 10 percent decline over 2016. The global comic book market saw a substantial 12% growth in 2020, reaching a total
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Many early iterations of black characters in comics "became variations on the 'single stereotypical image of Sambo'." Sambo was closely related to the coon stereotype but had some subtle differences. They are both a derogatory way of portraying black characters. "The name itself, an abbreviation of
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by an impartial company, one that does not engage in buying or selling comics, seemed promising. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate regarding whether the relatively high cost of this grading service is justified and whether it serves the interests of collectors or mainly caters to speculators
856:
of the time. Underground comix "reflected and commented on the social divisions and tensions of
American society". Many had an uninhibited, often irreverent style; their frank depictions of nudity, sex, profanity, and politics had no parallel outside their precursors, the pornographic and even more
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When the printer returns the original artwork pages, they are typically returned to the artists themselves. These artists sometimes opt to sell these pages at comic book conventions, in galleries, and at art shows centered around comic book art. The original pages from DC and Marvel, featuring the
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in 1954 and drafted the self-censorship Comics Code that year, which required all comic books to go through a process of approval. It was not until the 1970s that comic books could be published without passing through the inspection of the CMAA. The Code was made formally defunct in
November 2011.
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The Native
American representation in comic books "can be summed up in the noble savage stereotype" " a recurring theme...urged American indians to abandon their traditional hostility towards the United States. They were the ones painted as intolerant and disrespectful of the dominant concerns of
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have made the switch from traditional print manhwa to online webtoons thanks to better pay and more freedom than traditional print manhwa. The webtoon format has also expanded to other countries outside of Korea like China, Japan, Southeast Asia, and
Western countries. Major webtoon distributors
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Tomlinson, Alan; Young, Christopher (2000), "Golden Boys and Golden
Memories: Fiction, Ideology, and Reality in Roy of the Rovers and the Death of the Hero", in Jones, Dudley; Watkins, Tony, A Necessary Fantasy?: the Heroic Figure in Children's Popular Culture: Vol 18, Garland Publishing. pp.
943:. Some independent comics continued in the tradition of underground comics. While their content generally remained less explicit, others resembled the output of mainstream publishers in format and genre but were published by smaller artist-owned companies or by single artists. A few (notably
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During this time, a government ran program, the Writers' War Board, became heavily involved in what would be published in comics. "The Writers' War Board used comic books to shape popular perceptions of race and ethnicity..." Not only were they using comic books as a means of recruiting all
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Collectors also seek out the original artwork pages from comic books, which are perhaps the most rarefied items in the realm of comic book collecting. These pages hold unparalleled scarcity due to the fact that there exists only one unique page of artwork for every page that was printed and
1436:] us to cool things down-so we can protect the rights we been fightin' for'." This portrayal and character development of black characters can be partially blamed on the fact that, during this time, "there had rarely been a black artist or writer allowed in a major comics company."
1962:" in comic book history. These writers and artists brought with them their own mature themes and philosophy such as anarchy, controversy and politics common in British media. These elements would pave the way for mature and "darker and edgier" comic books and jump start the
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Asian characters within comic books encountered similar prejudiced treatment as black characters did. They were subjected to dehumanizing depictions, with narratives often portraying them as "incompetent and subhuman." In a 1944 edition of the publication
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is used in South Korea to refer to both comics and cartooning in general. Outside South Korea, the term usually refers to comics originally published in the country. Manhwa is greatly influenced by Japanese Manga comics though it differs from manga and
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seeking rapid profits, akin to trading in stocks or fine art. Comic grading has played a role in establishing standards for valuation, which online price guides such as GoCollect and GPAnalysis utilize to provide real-time market value information.
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format, with approximately 100 to 132 pages. Collections of classic material for the most famous characters, usually with more than 200 pages, are also common. Author comics are published in the French BD format, with an example being Pratt's
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as the first true newsstand American comic book; Goulart, for example, calls it "the cornerstone for one of the most lucrative branches of magazine publishing". In 1905 G.W. Dillingham Company published 24 select strips by the cartoonist
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The most valuable American comics have combined rarity and quality with the first appearances of popular and enduring characters. Four comic books have sold for over US$ 1 million as of December 2010, including two examples of
1182:. Initially, comic books were marketed by publishers to children because comic books were perceived as children's entertainment. However, with increasing recognition of comics as an art form and the growing pop culture presence of
1723:(1884) was aimed at an adult market, publishers quickly targeted a younger demographic, which has led to most publications being for children and has created an association in the public's mind of comics as somewhat juvenile.
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Webtoons have become popular in South Korea as a new way to read comics. Thanks in part to different censorship rules, color and unique visual effects, and optimization for easier reading on smartphones and computers. More
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The comic book industry has struggled with distribution issues throughout its history, as numerous mainstream retailers have been hesitant to stock substantial quantities of the most engaging and sought-after comics. The
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began in 1938, with the debut of Superman in Action Comics #1, published by Detective Comics (predecessor of DC Comics), which is generally considered the beginning of the modern comic book as it is known today. The
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issues per person. In 2020 the manga market in Japan reached a new record value of „612.5 billion due to a fast growth of digital manga sales as well as an increase in print sales. The comic book market in the
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Misprints, promotional comic-dealer incentive printings, and issues with exceptionally low distribution tend to possess scarcity value in the comic book market. The rarest modern comic books include the
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published "Comics Novel No. 1", as the first in an intended series of these "comics novels". The story in the first issue was "Anarcho, Dictator of Death", a five chapter spy genre tale written by
699:
in 1842 in hardcover, making it the first known American prototype comic book. Proto-comics periodicals began appearing early in the 20th century, with the first comic standard-sized comic being
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1951:
serials have been successfully translated and repackaged in softcover books. The number of European comics available in the UK has increased in the last two decades. The British company
1291:(CGC) initiated the practice of "slabbing" comics, which involves encasing them within thick plastic cases and assigning them a numerical grade. This approach inspired the emergence of
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Numerous libraries house extensive collections of comics in the form of graphic novels. This serves as a convenient means for the general public to become acquainted with the medium.
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be both the scarcest and the most coveted among collectors. The introduction of a new character might occur within an existing title. For instance, the first appearance of
3821:"Comic Book Market Expected to Reach USD 12.81 billion by 2028 | Comic Book Industry Share, Business Statistics, Latest Trends, and Analysis by Fortune Business Insightsâą"
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2670:. The comic book measures 69.9 by 99.8 centimetres (2 feet 3.5 inches by 3 feet 3.3 inches). The 18-page comic book had a print run of 120 copies.
1209:#1 from 1939. Eight copies, plus one without a cover, emerged in the estate of the deceased publisher in 1974. The "Pay Copy" of this book sold for $ 43,125 in a 2005
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once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.
40:
A common comic-book cover format displays the issue number, date, price and publisher along with an illustration and cover copy which may include a story's title.
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3867:"Motion Picture Funnies Weekly #1 Pay Copy (First Funnies, Inc., 1939) CGC VF/NM 9.0 Cream to off-white pages. This is one of... Golden Age (1938â1955)Superhero"
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With the growing popularity of smartphones and tablets, many major publishers have begun releasing titles in digital form. The most popular platform is
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originating from Japan. Most manga conform to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century, though the art form has a long prehistory in earlier
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2461:) made their debut as humor strips at the end of the 19th century, and later evolved into adventure stories. After World War II, however, artists like
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1002:, arose in the 1980s and became increasingly popular among artists in the 1990s, despite reaching an even more limited audience than the small press.
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A number of small publishers in the 1990s, changed the format and distribution of their comics to more closely resemble non-comics publishing. The "
869:. The underground comics encouraged creators to publish their work independently so that they would have full ownership rights to their characters.
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752:, appealing comic-book characters helped ease young readers' fear of nuclear war and neutralize anxiety about the questions posed by atomic power.
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1121:, touted as "an original full-length novel" on its cover. "It Rhymes with Lust" is also available to read online in the Digital Comic Museum.
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Comic books on display at a museum, depicting how they would have been displayed at a rail station store in the first half of the 20th century
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1927:. Several reprint companies became involved in repackaging American material for the British market, notably the importer and distributor
501:(1884) which is notable for its use of sequential cartoons to unfold narrative. These British comics existed alongside the popular lurid "
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that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and written narrative, usually, dialogue contained in
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Japanese comics, operate in a far larger market in Japan than the American "underground comix" market; the largest dĆjinshi fair,
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from Marvel's history online. The service also includes periodic release new comics not available elsewhere. With the release of
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2263:â dominated the Spanish comics market during its golden age (1950â1970). The most popular comics showed a recognizable style of
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1753:). First published in the 1830s, penny dreadfuls were "Britain's first taste of mass-produced popular culture for the young."
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In the 1980s, a resurgence of British writers and artists gained prominence in mainstream comic books, which was dubbed the "
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is generally considered to date from the first successful revival of the then-dormant superhero form, with the debut of the
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in an anthology book called 'The Incredible Upside-Downs of Little Lady Lovekins and Old Man Muffaroo'. The introduction of
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Hirsch, Paul (2014). ""This Is Our Enemy": The Writers' War Board and Representations of Race in Comic Books, 1942â1945".
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2580:#1, Marvel also became the first publisher to provide free digital copies as part of the print copy of the comic book.
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The precise era of the Golden Age is disputed, though most agree that it was born with the launch of Superman in 1938.
848:. Published and distributed independently of the established comics industry, most of such comics reflected the youth
6624:
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Mizoguchi Akiko (2003). "Male-Male Romance by and for Women in Japan: A History and the Subgenres of Yaoi Fictions".
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title for having the "Most copies published for the same comic book series by a single author". His manga series
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was the first book that established the size, duration, and format of the modern comic book. Following this was,
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reported in their announcement that the collected volumes of the series had sold a total of 320,866,000 units.
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85:
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also opened offices in the 1990s. The repackaging of European material has occurred less frequently, although
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in general. Outside Japan, the word is typically used to refer to comics originally published in the country.
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Italian cartoonists show the influence of comics from other countries, including France, Belgium, Spain, and
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1907:, another title aimed at children and launched in the mid-1970s, became the subject of discussion in the
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861:". Underground comics were almost never sold at newsstands, but rather in such youth-oriented outlets as
806:, is less well-defined, with the Bronze Age running from the very early 1970s through the mid-1980s. The
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artists have traditionally worked in other markets finding great success, either in the American (e.g.,
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2119:, released a set of stamps depicting British comic book characters and series. The collection featured
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would be a century later." British comics in the early 20th century typically evolved from illustrated
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popularized the term "graphic novel" when he used it on the cover of the paperback edition of his work
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really to the 1950s and 60s â these comics were almost the only entertainment available to children."
879:, published under the name Foolbert Sturgeon, has been credited as the first underground comix; while
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and Japanese manga each represent 40% of the market, followed by American comics at 10% market share.
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published this instructional graphic novel in 2018 to keep youth from spreading infectious diseases.
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at 41%, manga at 28% and superhero comics at 10% of the market. Another major comic book market is
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magazine which was the first to use the term "cartoon" in its modern sense of a humorous drawing.
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as "one of the world's first iconic cartoon characters", and "as famous in Victorian Britain as
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in 2016. As of 2017, the largest comic book publisher in the United States is manga distributor
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which was released in a CD-booklet-shaped comic book as part of the CD edition with the title "
774:#4 (Oct. 1956). The Silver Age lasted through the late 1960s or early 1970s, during which time
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1295:. Given the significance of condition in determining the value of rare comics, the concept of
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The Secret Identity of Race: Exploring Ethnic and Racial Portrayals in Superhero Comic Books
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1276:", which the publisher considered offensive; only 100 copies exist, most of which have been
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title for the "Largest comic book ever published" was awarded to the Brazilian comic book
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In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a surge of creativity emerged in what became known as
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960:" culture grew and diversified. By the 1980s, several independent publishers â such as
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A significant event in the timeline of American comic books occurred when psychiatrist
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4038:"The Coon Caricature - Anti-black Imagery - Jim Crow Museum - Ferris State University"
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1955:, founded in 2005, has released English translated versions of many European series.
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This article is about periodicals containing comics. For the comics art medium, see
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a colorist adds color as the final touch before the pages are sent to the printer.
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Historians generally divide the timeline of the American comic book into eras. The
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538:, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics. The term
534:, was released in the U.S. in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor
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Reading Comics: Language, Culture, and the Concept of the Superhero in Comic Books
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in the late 1970s created and paralleled a dedicated market for "independent" or "
6546:
6519:
6464:
6415:
6401:
6349:
6293:
5925:
5807:
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2673:
With the July 2021 publication of the 201st collected volume of his manga series
2551:
2496:
Mainstream comics are usually published on a monthly basis, in a black-and-white
2469:
exposed Italian comics to an international audience. Popular comic books such as
2419:
2405:
2392:
2330:
2264:
2157:
2074:
2038:
1894:
1761:
1659:
France and Belgium have a long tradition in comics and comic books, often called
1626:
1427:
1333:
1288:
1281:
1196:
1018:
999:
988:
980:â had started releasing a wide range of styles and formatsâfrom color-superhero,
904:
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721:
710:
693:
Comics as a print medium have existed in the United States since the printing of
580:
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259:
244:
239:
3130:
Maximizing the Impact of Comics in Your Library: Graphic Novels, Manga, and More
3089:
2626:, which he writes and illustrates, has been serialized in the Japanese magazine
984:, and science-fiction comic books to black-and-white magazine-format stories of
6551:
6524:
6444:
6339:
5888:
5876:
5871:
5844:
5822:
5779:
5750:
5738:
5709:
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5442:
5410:
5328:
5274:
4961:
4797:
Manga from the Floating World: Comic book Culture and the KibyĂŽshi of Edo Japan
4345:
2767:
2737:
2697:
since October 1968, which also makes it the oldest manga still in publication.
2431:
2188:
2133:
2012:
1972:
1903:
1736:
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985:
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3772:"Digital Comic Museum - It Rhymes With Lust GN [original](Matt Baker)"
3148:
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326:
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210:
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137:
2325:
1681:. Belgian comic books originally written in Dutch show the influence of the
949:) represented experimental attempts to bring comics closer to the status of
5856:
5839:
5802:
5537:
5395:
5350:
5073:
5068:
5020:
4946:
4435:
Please, Sir, I Want Some Moore / How Alan Moore transformed American comics
3696:"In 1964, Richard Kyle Coined The Term Graphic Novel | Global Book Writers"
3128:
3062:
2611:
2608:
2466:
2217:
2059:
2017:
1858:
1740:
1482:
1313:
1106:
1092:
1006:
969:
922:
853:
725:
661:
640:. The best-selling comic book categories in the US as of 2019 are juvenile
625:
555:
484:
279:
254:
249:
111:
4570:"Embracing Tablets, Comic Book Publishers Cash in on a Digital Revolution"
4021:
2089:
1227:, both sold privately through online dealer ComicConnect.com in 2010, and
6449:
6427:
5774:
5083:
5037:
4993:
4978:
4512:
4459:"The Writers of Hellblazer: Interviews with Jamie Delano and Garth Ennis"
3586:
3281:
3227:
2680:
2519:
2515:
2497:
2397:
2333:, there was an increased interest in adult comics with magazines such as
2283:
2093:
2033:
2001:
1924:
1870:
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351:
142:
132:
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1502:
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Precursors of the form existed by the 1920s, which saw a revival of the
574:
28:
6469:
5479:
5101:
5063:
4711:
4037:
3932:"Superman's Action Comics No. 1 sells for record $ 3.2 million on eBay"
2584:
2547:
2483:
2462:
2440:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2097:
2050:
1967:
1797:
1490:
1191:
1010:
931:, which continued sporadic publication into the 21st century and which
913:
866:
799:
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668:
629:
491:
382:
1651:
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5532:
4966:
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2693:
2622:
2588:
2523:
2511:
2489:
2388:
2339:
2230:
2127:
2121:
2084:
At Christmas, publishers repackage and commission material for comic
1990:
1978:
1932:
1792:
1786:
1766:
1642:
1130:
1128:
and collaborators applied a paperback format to their "comics novel"
1118:
1102:
1066:
995:
981:
885:
862:
745:
741:
605:
601:
36:
4191:"Top hats off to Marie Duval, a lost Victorian cartoonist sensation"
3178:"What's The Difference Between Graphic Novels and Trade Paperbacks?"
1144:
in 1978 and, subsequently, the usage of the term began to increase.
802:. The demarcation between the Silver Age and the following era, the
736:
in 1938 turned comic books into a major industry and ushered in the
495:
was a British comic published from 1890 to 1953. It was preceded by
6370:
6118:
5507:
5128:
5113:
5025:
4434:
2772:
2675:
2471:
2410:
2277:
1984:
1952:
1831:
1572:
1526:
1329:
1247:
1224:
1125:
1055:
950:
880:
783:
733:
617:
162:
6322:
3053:"French Comics In 2013 â It's Not All Asterix. But Quite A Bit Is"
2923:"Manga sales top 600 billion yen in 2020 for first time on record"
2708:
2514:. Italy is also famous for being one of the foremost producers of
2233:
comics were forbidden and as a result, comic heroes were based on
1756:
413:
5030:
5008:
3530:
Brown, Jeffrey (1997). "Comic book fandom and cultural capital".
3503:
Brown, Jeffrey (1997). "Comic Book Fandom and Cultural Capital".
3313:
Atomic Culture: How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb
2722:
1947:
1830:, the hugely popular football based strip recounting the life of
1530:
1340:
are regarded as priceless treasures within the comic book world.
1312:
debut appearances of iconic characters such as Superman, Batman,
1058:
911:" in the US. The first such comics included the anthology series
167:
106:
58:
6334:
6216:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
5745:
5704:
5422:
4918:
2554:
have turned out to be an ideal medium for online distribution.
1604:
1584:
1579:
1560:
1547:
1542:
1374:
re-write to make less reliant on quotes, better fit WP's style.
1273:
1234:
645:
621:
593:
476:
306:
294:
50:
20:
2937:"Japan's Manga and Comic Industry Hits Record Profits in 2020"
2687:
title for "Most volumes published for a single manga series."
2241:
was created by Manuel Gago and another popular medieval hero,
6437:
6420:
5733:
5123:
4740:"Golgo 13 Author Saito Discusses Manga's Hypothetical Ending"
4409:"The British Invasion, Part 3: Neil Gaiman & Swamp Thing"
2648:
title for "Most copies published for the same manga series".
2454:
2365:
2204:
2200:
2151:
1592:
1588:
1474:
1469:
821:(1954). This critique led to the involvement of the American
637:
550:
289:
2054:, which is largely set in Britain and starring the magician
1017:, buoyed by such advances in printing technology as digital
4836:"How Comic Books Became Part of the Literary Establishment"
3317:. Boulder, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. p.
3262:
Gustave Verbeek, Little Lady Lovekins, and Old Man Muffaroo
2985:"Viz Manga Sales are Destroying DC, Marvel in Comic Market"
1685:"Franco-Belgian" comics but have their own distinct style.
1325:
633:
4258:"Penny dreadfuls: the Victorian equivalent of video games"
3094:
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
2691:
has been continuously serialized in the Japanese magazine
2112:
strips in softcover A4-size books for the holiday season.
4887:
4868:
3728:(Routledge New Accents Library Collection, 2005), p. 291
3350:
3090:"Knowledge-driven understanding of images in comic books"
1432:
3892:
Batman comic book beats Superman at auction, sets record
1550:(ë§í) are comic books or graphic novels originating from
4626:"Integrating Comics into Your Exhibits and Collections"
4314:"Dandy owner DC Thomson to end comic's printed edition"
4026:(PhD dissertation). University of Southern Mississippi.
3754:"Digital Comic Museum - Comics Novel 001 (1 fiche)-c2c"
2570:, a subscription service allowing readers to read many
2526:, known in English as Superduck, was created in Italy.
2096:
supplies a famous example of the British comic annual.
1713:
is regarded as the first recurring character in comics.
1268:
recalled and pulped due to the appearance of a vintage
1203:
Some rare comic books include copies of the unreleased
4883:
Collectorism â a place for collectors and collectibles
4513:"Beano's Dennis the Menace on Royal Mail comic stamps"
2221:
was influential in popularizing the medium. After the
1343:
1080:
and drawn by Al Carreno. It is readable online in the
4863:
3026:"Why Manga & Comics for Kids Outsell Superheroes"
817:
voiced his criticisms of the medium through his book
549:
The largest comic book market is Japan. By 1995, the
2952:"Growing comic market reached $ 1.9 billion in 2016"
2704:
1005:
Small publishers regularly releasing titles include
4150:"La véritable histoire des mots " bande dessinée ""
2816:, Routledge, 2015 (first published in 2000), p. xv.
1669:, meaning literally "drawn strips") in French, and
4834:
3790:"Comics and graphic novel sales down 6.5% in 2017"
3310:
2803:#1, New York: Papercutz, December 2012, pp. 61â62.
2115:On 19 March 2012, the British postal service, the
1284:for more pulped, recalled, and erroneous comics.)
6231:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
2594:
6671:
3869:. Comics.ha.com. 14 October 2005. Archived from
6030:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
4567:
4543:"Quanto vendono i fumetti Bonelli: I dati 2014"
4340:
4338:
4291:"Was Pixar's Inside Out inspired by The Beano?"
4179:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 240.
3776:Digital Comic Museum - Free Public Domain Books
3758:Digital Comic Museum - Free Public Domain Books
2229:regime imposed strict censorship in all media:
1507:
1141:A Contract with God, and Other Tenement Stories
6221:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
6109:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
4654:
4600:"Avenging Spider-Man #1 Makes Digital History"
4219:
3819:Insights, Fortune Business (27 January 2022).
3498:
3496:
3309:Zeman, Scott C.; Amundson, Michael A. (2004).
2267:(influenced by Franco-Belgian authors such as
1807:was created in the 1950s, which saw sales for
1514:
572:
6386:
4903:
4818:Inge, M. Thomas (1979). "Comics as Culture".
4477:
3911:Superman comic sells for record $ 3.2 million
3443:Fagan, Bryan D.; Condit, Jody Condit (2011).
3378:
3308:
2865:. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press. pp.
2215:) made their debut around 1857. The magazine
2203:"comic", although comic books (also known in
1886:titles have also appeared in the UK, notably
1489:is used in Japan to refer to both comics and
1084:. The magazine never reached a second issue.
436:
4869:Sequart Research & Literacy Organization
4335:
4285:
4283:
3962:"Alan's Previous Problems With DC (sidebar)"
3585:
3133:. Santa Barbara, California. pp. 4â12.
2991:. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018
2529:
2058:, paved the way for British writers such as
810:runs from the mid-1980s to the present day.
4864:Comic book Reference Bibliographic Datafile
4406:
3636:(20 May 2004). "Heroes of the Revolution".
3628:
3626:
3493:
3442:
3414:"Breaking the Border â Rants and Ramblings"
2883:
823:Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency
6393:
6379:
6269:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
6067:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
4910:
4896:
4213:
4177:The Oxford Companion to English Literature
3581:
3579:
3347:History Detectives: Special Investigations
3286:Comic Book Culture: An Illustrated History
3161:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1784:The two most popular British comic books,
1609:
1533:, attracts 500,000 visitors twice a year.
1035:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
883:and the crew of cartoonists who worked on
833:
443:
429:
6264:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
6178:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
4507:
4505:
4280:
4222:"Horror Comics: The Nasties of the 1950s"
3436:
3023:
2949:
2891:"Manga, anime rooted in Japanese history"
2862:Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga
2602:
2193:It has been stated that the 13th century
1770:, in Dundee, Scotland. Launched in 1938,
1397:Learn how and when to remove this message
998:" form, an extremely informal version of
679:" is the term used for standalone books.
479:art in the form of sequential juxtaposed
6226:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
4766:"Artists Celebrate 45 Years of Golgo 13"
4732:
4561:
3956:
3818:
3623:
2982:
2435:
1755:
1698:
1641:
1631:
1186:, they are now embraced by many adults.
1167:
1028:
35:
27:
4483:
4382:"Comics Unmasked: The British invasion"
4019:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3576:
3484:
3280:
3226:
3126:
2799:, Mike Kazaleh, "Secret Agent Orange",
2557:
1774:is known for its anarchic humour, with
1047:In 1964, Richard Kyle coined the term "
682:
6672:
4832:
4758:
4502:
4411:. Sequart Organization. Archived from
4088:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3968:. Comic Book Resources. Archived from
3411:
3175:
3087:
3024:Gramuglia, Anthony (19 October 2019).
2855:
1868:also flourished. Some comics, such as
1240:Updating the above price obtained for
1178:The 1970s saw the advent of specialty
6374:
6084:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
4891:
4847:from the original on 11 January 2022.
4712:"ăăŽă«ăŽ13ăăăźăăčäžçèšéČă«èȘćźăăĄă°ăŠă€ăăé«æ©ççŸćăăăç„ă"
4692:from the original on 21 December 2016
4549:from the original on 30 December 2018
4268:from the original on 22 November 2018
4201:from the original on 22 November 2018
4174:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
3632:
3563:
3561:
3529:
3502:
3357:from the original on 5 September 2017
2632:since December 1997, and by 2015, 77
1997:The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
1933:Marvel Comics established a UK office
1703:Cover to 27 December 1884 edition of
1261:The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
892:
696:The Adventures of Mr. Obadiah Oldbuck
475:,' is a publication that consists of
6400:
6035:Comics solicited but never published
4817:
4794:
4580:from the original on 29 January 2017
4352:from the original on 28 January 2019
3676:from the original on 2 February 2017
3445:Comic Book Collections for Libraries
3203:The Adventures of M. Obadiah Oldbuck
2950:Gilchrist, Michelle (21 July 2017).
1458:
1347:
778:revolutionized the medium with such
716:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
531:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
6355:
6183:Australian Cartoonists' Association
6173:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
4324:from the original on 16 August 2012
3984:
3938:from the original on 27 August 2014
3929:
3885:
3706:from the original on 10 August 2021
3568:"Introducing Comics and Ideology".
3474:. Vol. 38. 2008. p. 1028.
3447:. Libraries Unlimited. p. 38.
3220:
3120:
2401:) or the Franco-Belgian one (e.g.,
1344:History of race in U.S. comic books
487:emblematic of the comics art form.
459:also referred to by collectors as "
13:
4788:
4523:from the original on 20 March 2012
4175:Birch, Dinah (24 September 2009).
4055:
3558:
3544:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.3004_13.x
3517:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1997.3004_13.x
3176:Kelley, Jason (16 November 2020).
2983:Magulick, Aaron (8 October 2017).
2925:. The Asahi Shimbun. 1 April 2021.
1811:soar. He features in the cover of
1620:
14:
6696:
4852:
4602:. 12 October 2011. Archived from
4465:from the original on 25 June 2007
4020:Woodall, Lowery Anderson (2010).
3638:Comix: The Underground Revolution
3471:Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide
3412:Zicari, Anthony (3 August 2007).
3069:from the original on 29 July 2018
2964:from the original on 23 July 2017
2758:List of best-selling comic series
2425:
2199:could be considered as the first
2182:
2088:, printed and bound as hardcover
1878:titles, have been published in a
1688:
1598:
1463:
1147:
1095:, adult-oriented "picture novel"
1024:
917:, published by comic book writer
865:and record stores, as well as by
6651:
6650:
6354:
6345:
6344:
6333:
6321:
6284:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
6198:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
6099:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
4859:Comic book Speculation Reference
4568:Gregory Schmidt (21 July 2013).
3288:. Collectors Press. p. 43.
2903:from the original on 30 May 2018
2707:
1739:of the Victorian era (featuring
1563:with its own distinct features.
1536:
1352:
1293:Comic Book Certification Service
1069:and others, including Stan Lee.
740:. The Golden Age originated the
412:
57:
6114:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
4704:
4674:
4655:Rachel Swatman (26 June 2015).
4648:
4618:
4592:
4535:
4451:
4428:
4400:
4374:
4364:
4306:
4250:
4238:from the original on 4 May 2012
4183:
4168:
4142:
4125:
4030:
3950:
3923:
3904:
3859:
3812:
3782:
3764:
3746:
3718:
3688:
3658:
3523:
3478:
3461:
3405:
3372:
3335:
3302:
3274:
3254:
3195:
3169:
3081:
3045:
3017:
2939:. Comicbook.com. 15 March 2021.
2833:. 18 March 2008. Archived from
2568:Marvel Digital Comics Unlimited
2540:
1915:, and other characters such as
6188:Comic Art Professional Society
4928:Glossary of comics terminology
4801:Harvard University Asia Center
4682:"Largest comic book published"
4156:(in French). 15 September 2015
3796:. 13 July 2018. Archived from
2976:
2943:
2929:
2915:
2849:
2819:
2806:
2790:
2595:Comic collections in libraries
2518:comic stories outside the US;
2457:, comics (known in Italian as
1158:
553:market in Japan was valued at
1:
6279:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
3726:Adult Comics: An Introduction
3379:CBR News Team (2 July 2007).
2827:"A History of the Comic Book"
2783:
1882:form. Underground comics and
1233:#27, the first appearance of
1206:Motion Picture Funnies Weekly
177:Comics by country and culture
6513:games, toys, and merchandise
6193:National Cartoonists Society
5982:Based on television programs
4833:Martin, Tim (2 April 2009).
4799:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
4220:John Sringhall (July 1994).
3920:(CNN Money) â 25 August 2014
3489:. Rinehart and Company, Inc.
2051:John Constantine, Hellblazer
1834:and the team he played for,
1246:#1, the first appearance of
1223:#1, the first appearance of
655:
583:) in Japan, equivalent to 15
7:
6124:Words & Pictures Museum
4720:(in Japanese). 18 July 2021
3599:The New Adventures of Jesus
3088:Rigaud, Christophe (2015).
2957:The San Diego Union-Tribune
2748:Comparison of image viewers
2700:
2668:Mauricio de Sousa ProduçÔes
2443:(1927â1995), author of the
2255:). Two publishing houses â
2237:(in 1944 the medieval hero
1649:(1926â1977), writer of the
1566:
1508:
1496:
1444:, there was a story titled
1372:. The specific problem is:
573:
567:), with annual sales of 1.9
10:
6701:
6168:Academy of Comic Book Arts
6140:Center for Cartoon Studies
6062:Belgian Comic Strip Center
4917:
4821:Journal of Popular Culture
4384:. Art Fund. Archived from
4133:U.S.-Japan Women's Journal
3532:Journal of Popular Culture
3505:Journal of Popular Culture
3343:"The Golden Age of Comics"
2763:List of best-selling manga
2587:. Some platforms, such as
2533:
2429:
2186:
1796:, were first published by
1720:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
1706:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
1692:
1635:
1624:
1613:
1602:
1570:
1540:
1500:
1467:
1446:The Smell of the Monkeymen
1272:advertisement for "Marvel
1171:
1151:
1040:
896:
837:
686:
659:
498:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
18:
6645:
6617:
6596:
6485:
6408:
6316:
6274:Club des bandes dessinées
6254:
6206:
6160:
6153:
6132:
6052:
6008:Best-selling comic series
5995:
5964:
5933:
5924:
5904:
5793:
5697:
5647:
5631:
5622:
5586:Portrayal of black people
5551:
5498:
5338:
5327:
5260:
5233:
5180:
5147:
5092:
5056:
4934:
4925:
4348:. BBC. 21 November 2018.
4346:"Dennis the Menace at 60"
4119:10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.448
4103:10.1525/phr.2014.83.3.448
4091:Pacific Historical Review
3487:Seduction of the Innocent
3485:Wertham, Fredric (1954).
3381:"DC Flashback: The Flash"
3106:10.1007/s10032-015-0243-1
3009:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2536:List of comics by country
2530:Comics in other countries
2247:, was created in 1956 by
1515:
1423:Captain Marvel Adventures
1419:Captain Marvel Adventures
1287:In 2000, a company named
819:Seduction of the Innocent
808:Modern Age of Comic Books
804:Bronze Age of Comic Books
762:Silver Age of Comic Books
757:Golden Age of Comic Books
748:. According to historian
738:Golden Age of Comic Books
662:Comics § Terminology
526:American-style comic book
16:Publication of comics art
3209:11 February 2015 at the
2679:, Japanese manga artist
2660:â O Maior Gibi do Mundo!
2522:'s superhero alter ego,
2253:Miguel Ambrosio Zaragoza
2048:. The comic book series
1942:The Adventures of Tintin
1477:(挫ç») are comic books or
6079:British Cartoon Archive
6072:National Cartoon Museum
4484:Gabriel, Peter (2000).
4440:3 February 2011 at the
3916:27 October 2018 at the
3825:GlobeNewswire News Room
3268:18 January 2019 at the
3233:Comic Book Encyclopedia
2381:Gabriel HernĂĄndez Walta
2329:. After the end of the
2239:El Guerrero del Antifaz
2196:Cantigas de Santa MarĂa
2075:OVO The Millennium Show
1935:in 1972. DC Comics and
1780:appearing on the cover.
1610:Vietnamese truyá»n tranh
1264:#5, which DC executive
1124:In 1971, writer-artist
1105:writer "Drake Waller" (
1101:, a 128-page digest by
921:from 1974 to 1979, and
903:The rise of comic book
877:The Adventures of Jesus
834:Underground comic books
6289:Finnish Comics Society
6246:Svenska Serieakademien
6236:Comics Studies Society
6104:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
5608:Women in Refrigerators
5603:The Hawkeye Initiative
5241:Female comics creators
4878:University of Missouri
4795:Kern, Adam L. (2006).
4686:Guinness World Records
4661:Guinness World Records
3127:Phoenix, Jack (2020).
2753:History of comic books
2685:Guinness World Records
2653:Guinness World Records
2651:On 5 August 2018, the
2646:Guinness World Records
2638:Guinness World Records
2617:Guinness World Records
2607:In 2015, the Japanese
2603:Guinness World Records
2493:âremain best-sellers.
2450:
2391:), the British (e.g.,
1781:
1714:
1656:
1237:, via public auction.
1184:comic book conventions
1038:
956:During the 1970s the "
889:popularized the form.
41:
33:
6637:Video game franchises
6581:Video game franchises
6493:Multimedia franchises
6025:Comic books on CD/DVD
5275:Comics historiography
4488:. Peter Gabriel Ltd.
4444:, by Douglas Wolk in
4296:12 April 2018 at the
3642:Thunder's Mouth Press
2896:The Indianapolis Star
2562:On 13 November 2007,
2439:
2065:The English musician
2032:; and others such as
1921:Mandrake the Magician
1759:
1702:
1645:
1632:Franco-Belgian comics
1442:United States Marines
1174:Comic book collecting
1168:Comic book collecting
1089:St. John Publications
1061:tradition by Belgian
1032:
933:Shari Springer Berman
827:Comics Code Authority
650:Franco-Belgian comics
571:billion manga books (
39:
31:
6477:Video game franchise
6241:Sequart Organization
5987:Based on video games
5569:Gender and webcomics
5134:Publishing companies
4874:Comic Art Collection
4289:Armstrong, Stephen.
3966:Lying in the Gutters
3897:3 March 2010 at the
3670:www.ocf.berkeley.edu
3593:(25 December 2006).
3386:Comic Book Resources
3238:Harper Entertainment
3031:Comic Book Resources
2664:Panini Comics Brasil
2558:Digital distribution
2370:Eisner Award winners
2261:Editorial Valenciana
2079:Millennium Dome Show
1964:Modern Age of Comics
1665:(an abbreviation of
1417:In the comic series
1379:improve this section
1368:to meet Knowledge's
1082:Digital Comic Museum
1074:Fawcett Publications
683:American comic books
544:American comic books
342:South African comics
6685:Comics publications
6299:The Hero Initiative
5579:American mainstream
5381:Comics in education
4984:Comic strip formats
4636:on 5 September 2015
4606:on 13 November 2011
3603:Fantagraphics Books
3570:Comics and Ideology
2801:the Annoying Orange
2636:had been released.
2577:Avenging Spider-Man
2316:13. Rue del Percebe
2310:Mortadelo y FilemĂłn
1966:. Writers included
1929:Thorpe & Porter
1764:, a character from
1326:the Incredible Hulk
1098:It Rhymes with Lust
750:Michael A. Amundson
689:American comic book
634:the Incredible Hulk
616:franchises such as
515:" and the humorous
46:
6340:Cartoon portal
6094:The Cartoon Museum
6089:Cartoon Art Museum
5813:France and Belgium
5598:Portrayal of women
5591:African characters
5559:Ethnic stereotypes
4772:. 13 November 2013
4770:Anime News Network
4746:. 16 November 2013
4744:Anime News Network
4574:The New York Times
4415:on 4 November 2015
4388:on 4 November 2015
4320:, 16 August 2012,
3972:on 20 January 2010
3851:has generic name (
3841:cite press release
3700:@globalbookwriters
3182:How To Love Comics
3065:. 1 January 2014.
2778:Comic book grading
2733:Comic book therapy
2728:Comic book archive
2629:Weekly ShĆnen Jump
2591:, have shut down.
2451:
2354:and works such as
2294:Las hermanas Gilda
2257:Editorial Bruguera
2235:historical fiction
1824:comics introduced
1782:
1750:Varney the Vampire
1715:
1657:
1426:also known as the
1256:original press run
1039:
909:alternative comics
899:Alternative comics
893:Alternative comics
707:Funnies on Parades
642:children's fiction
508:Spring-heeled Jack
44:
42:
34:
6667:
6666:
6625:Comic book series
6547:Comic book series
6503:television series
6433:Comic book series
6368:
6367:
6328:Comics portal
6312:
6311:
6145:The Kubert School
6048:
6047:
5920:
5919:
5618:
5617:
5543:Widescreen comics
5386:Comics journalism
5256:
5255:
5048:Political cartoon
4989:Daily comic strip
4810:978-0-674-02266-9
4630:ccgclibraries.com
4519:. 19 March 2012.
4407:Peter Sanderson.
3901:CNN Money 2-26-10
3742:978-0-415-29139-2
3734:978-0-415-29139-2
3651:978-1-56025-572-7
3616:978-1-56097-780-3
3424:on 26 August 2007
3393:on 7 October 2012
3295:978-1-888054-38-5
3215:Dartmouth College
3140:978-1-4408-6886-3
2899:. 2 August 1997.
2876:978-1-880656-23-5
2743:Comics vocabulary
2634:collected volumes
2449:comic book series
2416:Juan DĂaz Canales
2403:Fauve d'Or winner
2223:Spanish Civil War
2146:Roy of the Rovers
2023:Transmetropolitan
1970:, famous for his
1937:Dark Horse Comics
1836:Melchester Rovers
1827:Roy of the Rovers
1804:Dennis the Menace
1777:Dennis the Menace
1733:Dennis the Menace
1655:comic book series
1459:East Asian comics
1407:
1406:
1399:
1370:quality standards
1361:This section may
1180:comic book stores
928:American Splendor
846:underground comix
840:Underground comix
702:Funnies on Parade
524:The first modern
453:
452:
419:Comics portal
362:Vietnamese comics
332:Portuguese comics
322:Philippine comics
303:
236:
218:Australian comics
214:
158:Political cartoon
6692:
6654:
6653:
6604:Media franchises
6597:Highest-grossing
6564:Television shows
6402:Media franchises
6395:
6388:
6381:
6372:
6371:
6358:
6357:
6348:
6347:
6338:
6337:
6326:
6325:
6304:Xeric Foundation
6158:
6157:
5972:Based on fiction
5931:
5930:
5705:China and Taiwan
5629:
5628:
5428:Graphic medicine
5371:Autobiographical
5336:
5335:
5314:Japanese (manga)
5220:Japanese (manga)
5145:
5144:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4889:
4888:
4848:
4838:
4829:
4814:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4708:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4632:. Archived from
4622:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4545:. 16 June 2014.
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4509:
4500:
4499:
4486:The Story of OVO
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4470:
4455:
4449:
4448:, December, 2003
4432:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4378:
4372:
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4359:
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4342:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4310:
4304:
4287:
4278:
4277:
4275:
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4254:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4146:
4140:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4086:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4017:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3930:Whitney, Lance.
3927:
3921:
3908:
3902:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3750:
3744:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3666:"americancomics"
3662:
3656:
3655:
3630:
3621:
3620:
3591:Shelton, Gilbert
3583:
3574:
3573:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3420:. Archived from
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3389:. Archived from
3376:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3316:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3278:
3272:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3224:
3218:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3152:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3008:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2857:Schodt, Frederik
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2823:
2817:
2810:
2804:
2794:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2683:was awarded the
2614:was awarded the
2395:, co-creator of
2377:Salvador Larroca
2331:Francoist period
2100:also repackages
2071:The Story of OVO
2056:John Constantine
1960:British Invasion
1909:House of Commons
1667:bandes dessinées
1524:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1455:white America".
1402:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1230:Detective Comics
1013:, Raytoons, and
905:specialty stores
673:trade paperbacks
614:superhero comics
599:
586:
578:
570:
566:
559:
445:
438:
431:
417:
416:
317:Pakistani comics
297:
270:Hungarian comics
230:
223:Brazilian comics
200:
191:Argentine comics
61:
47:
43:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6670:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6641:
6613:
6592:
6586:longest-running
6530:direct-to-video
6520:Animated series
6481:
6465:Television show
6416:Animated series
6404:
6399:
6369:
6364:
6332:
6320:
6308:
6294:Friends of Lulu
6256:
6250:
6208:
6202:
6149:
6128:
6054:
6053:Collections and
6044:
6018:manga magazines
5991:
5960:
5951:Manga magazines
5916:
5900:
5789:
5693:
5643:
5614:
5547:
5518:Talking animals
5494:
5455:Science fiction
5366:Anthropomorphic
5332:and narratology
5331:
5323:
5270:Years in comics
5252:
5229:
5193:Jewish American
5176:
5143:
5088:
5052:
4972:Trade paperback
4930:
4921:
4916:
4855:
4811:
4791:
4789:Further reading
4786:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4723:
4721:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4693:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4665:
4663:
4653:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4624:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4607:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4581:
4566:
4562:
4552:
4550:
4541:
4540:
4536:
4526:
4524:
4511:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4466:
4461:. Tabula Rasa.
4457:
4456:
4452:
4442:Wayback Machine
4433:
4429:
4418:
4416:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4344:
4343:
4336:
4327:
4325:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4298:Wayback Machine
4288:
4281:
4271:
4269:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4241:
4239:
4218:
4214:
4204:
4202:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4130:
4126:
4087:
4056:
4046:
4044:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4018:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3960:(23 May 2005).
3955:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3928:
3924:
3918:Wayback Machine
3909:
3905:
3899:Wayback Machine
3890:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3848:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3827:(Press release)
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3800:on 16 July 2018
3788:
3787:
3783:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3752:
3751:
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3723:
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3709:
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3694:
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3679:
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3664:
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3652:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3584:
3577:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3528:
3524:
3501:
3494:
3483:
3479:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3455:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3418:Comics Bulletin
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3377:
3373:
3360:
3358:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3279:
3275:
3270:Wayback Machine
3259:
3255:
3248:
3225:
3221:
3211:Wayback Machine
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3174:
3170:
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3141:
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2889:
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2884:
2877:
2854:
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2838:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2811:
2807:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2662:, published by
2658:Turma da MĂŽnica
2644:also holds the
2605:
2597:
2560:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2434:
2428:
2420:Juanjo Guarnido
2393:Carlos Ezquerra
2373:Sergio Aragonés
2265:slapstick humor
2191:
2185:
2069:issued in 2000
1901:The content of
1895:Escape Magazine
1762:Minnie the Minx
1737:penny dreadfuls
1697:
1691:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1627:European comics
1623:
1621:European comics
1618:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1575:
1569:
1545:
1539:
1512:
1505:
1499:
1472:
1466:
1461:
1428:Tuskegee Airmen
1403:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1376:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1338:the Mighty Thor
1334:Captain America
1289:Comics Guaranty
1282:Recalled comics
1197:Amazing Fantasy
1176:
1170:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1045:
1027:
1019:print-on-demand
1000:self-publishing
989:magical realism
939:adapted into a
901:
895:
842:
836:
815:Fredric Wertham
782:superheroes as
722:Gustave Verbeek
711:Dell Publishing
691:
685:
664:
658:
597:
584:
581:manga magazines
568:
561:
554:
503:penny dreadfuls
449:
411:
260:European comics
245:Croatian comics
240:Canadian comics
197:Bande dessinées
186:American comics
148:Trade paperback
66:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6698:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6680:Comics formats
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6632:
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6612:
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6606:
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6527:
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6516:
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6505:
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6489:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6445:Film franchise
6442:
6441:
6440:
6430:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6405:
6398:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6375:
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6365:
6363:
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6330:
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6307:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6260:
6258:
6255:Charitable and
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6212:
6210:
6204:
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6075:
6074:
6064:
6058:
6056:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6040:Limited series
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6021:
6020:
6015:
6005:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5977:Based on films
5974:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5928:
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5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
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5906:
5902:
5901:
5899:
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5897:
5896:
5889:United Kingdom
5886:
5885:
5884:
5874:
5869:
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5805:
5803:Czech Republic
5799:
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5383:
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5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5333:
5329:Comics studies
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5310:
5309:
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5297:
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5054:
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5033:
5028:
5023:
5016:Digital comics
5013:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4962:Ongoing series
4959:
4954:
4952:Limited series
4949:
4938:
4936:
4932:
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4926:
4923:
4922:
4915:
4914:
4907:
4900:
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4854:
4853:External links
4851:
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4703:
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4303:. 27 July 2015
4279:
4249:
4212:
4182:
4167:
4141:
4124:
4097:(3): 448â486.
4054:
4042:www.ferris.edu
4029:
3983:
3958:Johnston, Rich
3949:
3922:
3903:
3884:
3873:on 9 July 2012
3858:
3811:
3781:
3763:
3745:
3724:Sabin, Roger.
3717:
3687:
3657:
3650:
3644:. p. 34.
3622:
3615:
3595:"Introduction"
3575:
3557:
3522:
3492:
3477:
3460:
3454:978-1598845112
3453:
3435:
3404:
3371:
3334:
3327:
3301:
3294:
3273:
3253:
3247:978-0060538163
3246:
3219:
3194:
3168:
3139:
3119:
3100:(3): 199â221.
3080:
3044:
3016:
2975:
2942:
2928:
2914:
2882:
2875:
2848:
2837:on 25 May 2013
2831:Random History
2818:
2805:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2768:Pieces Project
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2738:Comics studies
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2702:
2699:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2559:
2556:
2542:
2539:
2531:
2528:
2432:Italian comics
2430:Main article:
2427:
2426:Italian comics
2424:
2360:Carlos Giménez
2244:CapitĂĄn Trueno
2189:Spanish comics
2187:Main article:
2184:
2183:Spanish comics
2181:
2013:Books of Magic
1973:V for Vendetta
1913:Captain Marvel
1695:British comics
1693:Main article:
1690:
1689:British comics
1687:
1638:Bande dessinée
1636:Main article:
1633:
1630:
1625:Main article:
1622:
1619:
1614:Main article:
1611:
1608:
1603:Main article:
1600:
1599:Chinese manhua
1597:
1571:Main article:
1568:
1565:
1541:Main article:
1538:
1535:
1501:Main article:
1498:
1495:
1479:graphic novels
1468:Main article:
1465:
1464:Japanese manga
1462:
1460:
1457:
1405:
1404:
1360:
1358:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1324:, Spider-Man,
1322:Captain Marvel
1194:took place in
1172:Main article:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1149:
1148:Digital comics
1146:
1063:Frans Masereel
1041:Main article:
1026:
1025:Graphic novels
1023:
1015:Terminal Press
986:Latin American
937:Robert Pulcini
919:Mike Friedrich
897:Main article:
894:
891:
859:Tijuana bibles
850:counterculture
838:Main article:
835:
832:
792:Fantastic Four
687:Main article:
684:
681:
660:Main article:
657:
654:
604:, followed by
598:$ 1.09 billion
596:was valued at
469:comic-magazine
451:
450:
448:
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395:
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372:
371:
367:
366:
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364:
359:
357:Turkish comics
354:
349:
347:Spanish comics
344:
339:
337:Serbian comics
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
312:Mexican comics
309:
304:
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287:
285:Italian comics
282:
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272:
267:
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233:Welsh-language
228:British comics
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72:Comics studies
68:
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64:Speech balloon
62:
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53:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6460:Radio program
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6154:Organizations
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5682:United States
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5519:
5516:
5514:
5513:Decompression
5511:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:Tijuana bible
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
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5445:
5444:
5441:
5439:
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5414:
5413:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5391:Comics poetry
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
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5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5326:
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5306:
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5259:
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5232:
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5221:
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5208:
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5099:
5097:
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5082:
5080:
5079:Silent comics
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5043:Graphic novel
5041:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4999:Sunday comics
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4968:
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4771:
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4713:
4707:
4691:
4687:
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4677:
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4627:
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4605:
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4571:
4564:
4548:
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4522:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4497:
4495:0-9520864-3-3
4491:
4487:
4480:
4464:
4460:
4454:
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4351:
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4341:
4339:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4302:
4301:The Telegraph
4299:
4295:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4253:
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4233:
4229:
4228:
4227:History Today
4223:
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4200:
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4186:
4178:
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3328:9780870817632
3324:
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3059:
3058:Bleeding Cool
3054:
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6207:Critical and
6161:Professional
5946:Comic strips
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5538:Supervillain
5074:Photo comics
5069:Motion comic
5021:Mobile comic
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2018:Warren Ellis
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1373:
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1314:Wonder Woman
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1107:Arnold Drake
1103:pseudonymous
1096:
1093:digest-sized
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1007:Avatar Press
1004:
993:
955:
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926:
923:Harvey Pekar
912:
902:
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871:
854:drug culture
843:
818:
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794:and Lee and
780:naturalistic
769:
754:
726:Jerry Siegel
714:
706:
700:
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692:
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626:Wonder Woman
579:volumes and
548:
539:
536:comic strips
529:
523:
516:
513:story papers
506:
496:
490:
489:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:comic book (
456:
454:
280:Irish comics
255:Dutch comics
250:Czech comics
195:
127:
112:Photo comics
25:
6609:Film series
6559:Film series
6486:Media lists
6450:Film series
6428:Book series
6360:WikiProject
5996:Other lists
5941:Comic books
5857:Netherlands
5763:Philippines
5475:Underground
5438:Non-fiction
5356:Alternative
5102:Cartoonists
5084:Text comics
5038:Gag cartoon
4994:Lianhuanhua
4979:Comic strip
4610:10 November
4553:15 November
4425:29 May 2013
4356:22 November
4272:21 November
4205:21 November
3976:18 November
3361:18 February
3073:6 September
2797:Scott Shaw!
2681:Takao Saito
2520:Donald Duck
2516:Walt Disney
2498:digest size
2398:Judge Dredd
2356:Paracuellos
2284:Zipi y Zape
2249:VĂctor Mora
2209:historietas
2034:Mark Millar
2010:mythos and
2007:The Sandman
2002:Neil Gaiman
1925:the Phantom
1871:Judge Dredd
1745:Dick Turpin
1729:Ally Sloper
1711:Ally Sloper
1683:Francophone
1554:. The term
1552:South Korea
1485:. The term
1381:if you can.
1304:published.
1266:Paul Levitz
1159:Market size
1136:Will Eisner
1078:Otto Binder
1065:, American
958:small press
873:Frank Stack
796:Steve Ditko
730:Joe Shuster
713:'s 36-page
669:periodicals
565:6â7 billion
505:" (such as
471:or simply '
383:Cartoonists
352:Thai comics
143:Gag cartoon
133:Comic strip
45:Comic books
6674:Categories
6540:television
6470:web series
5624:By country
5465:Teen humor
5300:Modern Age
5295:Bronze Age
5290:Silver Age
5285:Golden Age
5225:Macedonian
5200:Australian
5181:By country
5167:Minicomics
5064:Film comic
5057:Techniques
4942:Comic book
4776:14 October
4750:14 October
4724:14 October
4242:23 October
3680:26 January
3634:Skinn, Dez
3605:. p.
3149:1141029685
2784:References
2585:comiXology
2548:smartphone
2534:See also:
2484:Tex Willer
2463:Hugo Pratt
2441:Hugo Pratt
2326:SuperlĂłpez
2140:The Topper
2117:Royal Mail
2109:Oor Wullie
2103:The Broons
2098:DC Thomson
1968:Alan Moore
1874:and other
1798:DC Thomson
1760:Statue of
1727:refers to
1491:cartooning
1192:Spider-Man
1152:See also:
1117:and inker
1115:Matt Baker
1011:Hyperwerks
996:minicomics
914:Star Reach
867:mail order
863:head shops
800:Spider-Man
788:Jack Kirby
630:Spider-Man
612:featuring
540:comic book
511:), boys' "
492:Comic Cuts
393:Publishers
388:Collecting
128:Comic book
107:Cartooning
6455:Media mix
5965:By source
5956:Webcomics
5934:By format
5912:Australia
5715:Hong Kong
5655:Argentina
5533:Superhero
5490:Wrestling
5460:Superhero
5401:Dystopian
5376:Celebrity
5361:Ambiguous
5319:Webcomics
5172:Webcomics
5155:Editorial
5148:By format
5129:Letterers
5114:Colorists
4967:Minicomic
4841:Telegraph
4666:27 August
4328:16 August
4154:Comixtrip
4111:0030-8684
3942:31 August
3794:Comichron
3552:0022-3840
3428:5 January
3157:cite book
3005:cite news
2995:21 August
2694:Big Comic
2642:One Piece
2623:One Piece
2589:Graphicly
2566:launched
2524:Paperinik
2512:Argentina
2490:Dylan Dog
2389:David Aja
2350:El VĂbora
2340:El Jueves
2231:superhero
2128:The Dandy
2122:The Beano
2029:Planetary
1991:Marvelman
1979:From Hell
1818:In 1954,
1813:The Beano
1809:The Beano
1793:The Dandy
1787:The Beano
1772:The Beano
1767:The Beano
1717:Although
1387:July 2019
1318:the Flash
1213:auction.
1131:Blackmark
1119:Ray Osrin
1087:In 1950,
1072:In 1947,
1067:Lynd Ward
982:detective
941:2003 film
886:Zap Comix
857:obscure "
746:superhero
742:archetype
656:Structure
638:the X-Men
606:DC Comics
602:Viz Media
370:Community
300:Hong Kong
81:Education
6658:Category
6535:Internet
6350:Category
6257:outreach
6209:academic
6119:ToonSeum
5867:Portugal
5775:Thailand
5758:Pakistan
5648:Americas
5564:Feminist
5508:Antihero
5346:Abstract
5280:American
5215:Filipino
5205:Canadian
5188:American
5094:Creators
5026:Webcomic
4957:One-shot
4845:Archived
4696:6 August
4690:Archived
4640:30 March
4578:Archived
4547:Archived
4527:19 March
4521:Archived
4517:BBC News
4463:Archived
4438:Archived
4350:Archived
4322:archived
4318:BBC News
4294:Archived
4266:Archived
4236:Archived
4199:Archived
4139:: 49â75.
3936:Archived
3914:Archived
3895:Archived
3704:Archived
3674:Archived
3355:Archived
3284:(2000).
3266:Archived
3230:(2004).
3207:Archived
3114:12589544
3067:Archived
2989:GoBoiano
2962:Archived
2901:Archived
2859:(1996).
2773:Webcomic
2701:See also
2689:Golgo 13
2676:Golgo 13
2550:and the
2472:Diabolik
2414:authors
2411:Blacksad
2300:Anacleto
2278:Carpanta
2269:Franquin
2094:"Rupert"
2045:Kick-Ass
1985:Watchmen
1953:Cinebook
1832:Roy Race
1583:include
1573:Webtoons
1567:Webtoons
1527:fan-made
1509:DĆjinshi
1503:DĆjinshi
1497:DĆjinshi
1363:require
1330:Iron Man
1248:Superman
1225:Superman
1211:Heritage
1126:Gil Kane
1056:medieval
951:fine art
881:R. Crumb
784:Stan Lee
771:Showcase
734:Superman
648:, where
618:Superman
575:tankĆbon
163:Webcomic
86:Glossary
6133:Schools
6055:museums
5905:Oceania
5840:Ireland
5835:Hungary
5830:Germany
5823:Belgium
5808:Croatia
5785:Vietnam
5523:Masking
5485:Western
5443:Romance
5411:Fantasy
5262:History
5139:Writers
5119:Editors
5031:Webtoon
5009:Yonkoma
4935:Formats
4876:at the
4717:Natalie
4584:24 July
4469:27 July
4392:26 July
4371:190â191
4160:17 June
4047:30 June
3877:18 July
3831:3 March
3804:16 July
3397:27 June
3217:library
3213:at the
3187:4 April
3037:2 April
2841:16 July
2723:Cartoon
2478:Bonelli
2475:or the
2459:fumetti
2366:Spanish
2289:VĂĄzquez
2273:Escobar
2201:Spanish
2176:2000 AD
2170:Twinkle
2164:Valiant
2086:annuals
1948:Asterix
1880:tabloid
1876:2000 AD
1865:2000 AD
1853:Warrior
1847:Valiant
1679:Flemish
1652:Astérix
1531:Comiket
1365:cleanup
1297:grading
1059:woodcut
966:Eclipse
962:Pacific
744:of the
675:while "
403:Writers
203:Belgium
168:Webtoon
99:Methods
91:History
6003:Awards
5872:Serbia
5862:Poland
5795:Europe
5780:Turkey
5677:Mexico
5670:Quebec
5665:Canada
5660:Brazil
5632:Africa
5552:Themes
5500:Tropes
5433:Horror
5423:Gekiga
5406:Erotic
5339:Genres
5305:events
5124:Inkers
5004:Topper
4919:Comics
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1235:Batman
976:, and
974:Comico
646:France
622:Batman
594:Canada
585:
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481:panels
477:comics
378:Awards
307:Manhwa
295:Manhua
211:Quebec
207:France
51:Comics
21:Comics
6552:manga
6525:anime
6508:films
6498:print
6013:manga
5926:Lists
5894:Wales
5877:Spain
5845:Italy
5746:Korea
5739:lists
5734:Japan
5722:India
5528:Rogue
5396:Crime
5351:Adult
5234:Other
5210:Cuban
4446:Slate
4234:(7).
4115:JSTOR
3110:S2CID
2867:19-20
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1470:Manga
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4698:2018
4668:2020
4642:2015
4612:2011
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4555:2018
4529:2012
4490:ISBN
4471:2014
4421:2014
4394:2014
4358:2018
4330:2012
4274:2018
4244:2010
4207:2018
4162:2022
4107:ISSN
4049:2019
3978:2006
3944:2014
3879:2011
3853:help
3833:2022
3806:2018
3738:ISBN
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3682:2017
3646:ISBN
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3548:ISSN
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3399:2008
3363:2015
3323:ISBN
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3163:link
3145:OCLC
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