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460:, and thus is used with the singular form of a verb, in the way the words "politics" or "economics" are, to refer to the medium, so that one refers to the "comics industry" rather than the "comic industry". "Comic" as an adjective also has the meaning of "funny", or as pertaining to comedians, which can cause confusion and is usually avoided in most cases ("
772:, plotter or author, the writer scripts the work—scripting may include plot, dialogue and action—in a way that the artist (or artists) can interpret the story into visuals for the reader. Writers can communicate their stories in varying amounts of detail to the artist(s) and in a number of ways, including verbally, by script or by thumbnail layout.
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a square-bound spine, even if it is a collection of short strips. Still others have used the term to distance their work from the negative connotations the terms "comic" or "comic book" have for the public, or to give their work an elevated air. Other than in presentation and intent, they hardly differ from comic books.
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An editorial cartoon or political cartoon is most often a single-panel comic that contain some level of political or social commentary. Such cartoons are used to convey and question an aspect of daily news or current affairs in a national or international context. Political cartoons generally feature
724:
Sometimes all aspects of a comics production down to the drawing, writing and editing are done by a single person; in such cases the term comics creator (also comics writer/artist, comics creator or comics maker) is employed (occasionally the term graphic novelist is also employed). The sophisticated
1112:
is a term whose definition is hard to pin down, but usually refers to a self-contained, book-length form. Some would have its use restricted only to long-form narratives, while at the other extreme are people who use it as a synonym for "comics" or "comic book". Others again define it as a book with
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In a caption, words appear in a box separated from the rest of the panel or page, usually to give voice to a narrator, but sometimes used for the characters' thoughts or dialogue. In some comics, where speech balloons are not used, the captions provide the reader with text about what is happening in
568:
A panel (alternatively known as frame or box) is one drawing on a page, and contains a segment of action. A page may have one or many panels, and panels are frequently, but not always, surrounded by a border or outline, whose shape can be altered to indicate emotion, tension or flashback sequences.
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The word balloon bridges the gap between word and image—"the word made image", as expressed by Pierre
Fresnault-Druelle. In early renderings, word balloons were no more than ribbons emanating from their speakers' mouths, but as it evolved and became more sophisticated, it became a more expressive
1116:
Some prefer not use the term "graphic novel" at all. Amongst the criticisms are that the use of the word "novel" excludes non-novelistic genres, such as journalism, biography or history. Others believe the term has become too general, a catch-all for all kinds of content, and thus meaningless.
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Encapsulation is the capturing of prime moments in a story. Not every moment of a story is presented in comics. For the artist, encapsulation involves choosing what will be presented in which panels, how many panels will be used to present the action, and the size and layout of the panels. The
887:
and captions with the dialogue and other words meant to be read. Letterers may also provide the lettering for sound, although this is often done by the artist even when a letterer is present. In the West, comics have traditionally been hand-lettered, although computer typesetting has become
716:
layouts of the panels can influence the way the panels interact with each other to the reader. This interaction can lend more meaning to the panels than what they have individually. Encapsulation is distinctive to comics, and an essential consideration in the creation of a work of comics.
668:
A thought balloon contains copy expressing a character's unvoiced thoughts, usually shaped like a cloud, with bubbles as a pointer. Emotions can be expressed by the shape of the balloon—spiked balloons can indicate shouting, and "dripping" balloons can indicate sarcasm.
1165:, where the individual comics can make use of different sizes and dimensions. Webcomics are also capable of incorporated multimedia elements, such as sound, animation and bigger panels (scrolling panels). In South Korea, an infinite canvas format caught on called the
1008:
carries no caption. In some cases, dialogue may appear in speech balloons, following the common convention of comic strips. As the name implies—"gag" being a show business term for a comedic idea—these cartoons are most often intended to provoke laughter.
569:
The size, shape and style of a panel, as well as the placement of figures and speech balloons inside it, affect the timing or pacing of a story. Panels are used to break up and encapsulate sequences of events in a narrative. What occurs in a panel may be
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issue once a year which is two to three times as large as a regular issue; "while they don't have to be one-shot stories, generally annuals are used as ways to tell stories that don't fit within a single issue or can't be included in a full arc".
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is a comic strip that is normally run six days a week in a newspaper, historically in black and white, although colour examples have become common. They normally run every day in a week but one (usually Sunday), in which the strip (the so-called
614:
A splash or splash page is a large, often full-page illustration which opens and introduces a story. Often designed as a decorative unit, its purpose is to capture the reader's attention, and can be used to establish time, place and mood.
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in particular has been a proponent of its usage, hoping to highlight the fact that the medium is capable of mature, non-comedic content, as well as to emphasize the hybrid nature of the medium ("co-mix").
812:
or penciler lays down the basic artwork for a page, deciding on panel placement and the placement of figures and settings in the panels, the backgrounds and the characters' facial expressions and poses.
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is a short work of comics which has its origins in the world of newspapers, but may also appear in magazines or other periodicals, as well as in books. In comic strips, generally the only unit of
1049:, also known as a comic or floppy, is a periodical, normally thin in size and stapled together. Comic books have a greater variety of units of encapsulation than comic strips, including the
627:
is an image that spans more than one page. The two-page spread or double-page spread is the most common, but there are spreads that span more pages, often by making use of a foldout (or
982:, cartoonists normally were given an entire page to themselves, and often would devote the page to a single comic strip, although many would divide the page between a main strip and a "
4015:
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The gutter is the space between panels. Vertical gutters can be made thinner than horizontal gutters in order to encourage the reader to group each row of panels for easier reading.
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Comics of non-English origin are often referred to by the terms used in those comics' language of origin. The most widespread example is when fans of
Japanese comics use the term
986:" (which would sometimes run on the bottom). Wartime paper shortages brought down the size of strips, and to this day Sunday pages normally are made up of a multitude of strips.
467:"Comic" as a singular noun is sometimes used to refer to individual comics periodicals, particularly in the United Kingdom and Ireland, which in North America would be known as "
643:
A caption (the yellow box) gives the narrator a voice. The characters' dialogue is given through speech balloons. The character speaking is indicated by the tail of the balloon.
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to ridicule an individual or group, emphasize their point of view, or comment on a particular event. The traditional and most common outlet for political cartoons is the
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are words without bubbles that mimic sounds. They are non-vocal sound images, from the subtle to the forceful, such as 'ding-ding' for a bell, to "WHAM" for an impact.
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A gag cartoon (a.k.a. panel cartoon or gag panel) is most often a single-panel cartoon, usually including a hand-lettered or typeset caption beneath the drawing. A
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increasingly common. The manner in which the letterer letters the text influences how the message is interpreted by the reader, and the letterer can suggest the
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or colorist adds colours to copies of the finished artwork, which can have an effect on mood and meaning. Colourists can work with a variety of media, such as
656:(or bubble) is a speech indicator, containing the characters' dialogue. The indicator from the balloon that points at the speaker is called a pointer or tail.
835:) and a pen or brush to create a high-contrast image for photographing and printing. The extent of the inker's job varies depending on how tight the
1157:, have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century. As they are not limited by the size and shape of a physical page, they can make use of what
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or a hardcover collection of comics. A trade paperback typically differs from a graphic novel in that a graphic novel is usually original material.
4030:
1033:, in the front news section of a newspaper. Editorial cartoons are not usually found in the dedicated comic section, although certain cartoons or
3817:
498:" is a term covering a range of American comics that have appeared since the 1980s, following the comix movement of the late 1960s/early 1970s.
4020:
839:'s work is, but nonetheless requires the skill of an artist, and is more or less active depending on the completeness of the pencils provided.
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is a collection of stories originally published in comic books, reprinted in book format, usually presenting either a complete miniseries, a
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has developed specialized terminology. Several attempts have been made to formalize and define the terminology of comics by authors such as
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The reader performs closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of panel relations to combine panels mentally into events.
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1223:(although this term is also used in English to refer to comics whose graphics are made using photographs rather than illustrations).
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448:. Much of the terminology in English is under dispute, so this page will list and describe the most common terms used in comics.
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are comic strips that traditionally run in newspapers on
Sundays (Saturdays in some papers), frequently in full colour. Before
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Towards the close of the 20th century, the three major comics-producing traditions—American, western
European (especially the
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At the other extreme, the labour behind the comics creation is sometimes divided up into different specialties.
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Drawing Comics Lab: 52 Exercises on
Characters, Panels, Storytelling, Publishing & Professional Practices
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from a single title, or a series of stories with an arc or common theme. The term may refer to either a
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movement of the 1960s and 1970s in an attempt to move the word away from its etymological origins.
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Greater horizontal proximity encourages the reader to group each row of panels for easier reading.
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or illustrator is the person who handles the visuals. This job may be broken down further into:
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is the person who writes as well as does most or all of the art duties. A cartoonist may create
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1173:-like format for webcomics was described by French cartoonists Balak in 2010, which he dubbed
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or finisher "finishes" and sometimes enhances, the pencilled artwork using ink (traditionally
517:" (which is normally used to denote book-form comics, although this usage is not consistent).
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term graphic narrator (also graphic storyteller) is also found in the academic literature on
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1657:#150 rounded off with a spectacular double gatefold. Encasing it all was a fold-out cover".
573:, meaning that not everything that occurs in a single panel necessarily occurs at one time.
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was a comic book creator, graphic novelist, teacher, entrepreneur, and advocate of comics".
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2208:"Balak, auteur et créateur du Turbo Media: "Il y a un marché de la BD numérique""
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Maximizing the Impact of Comics in Your
Library: Graphic Novels, Manga, and More
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2095:"Creating Comics, Part 4: Comic Books vs. Graphic Novels | Writing Scraps"
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Graphic Novels Now: Building, Managing, And
Marketing a Dynamic Collection
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Several daily strips are short and limited to one tier ("single-tiered").
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1124:), and Japanese—converged in a trend towards book-length comics: the
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1072:(a series intended to end after a certain number of issues), or as a
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809:
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892:
of dialogue by varying the weight, size and shape of the lettering.
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2928:
2913:
2825:
2491:
1409:"Glossary Of Specialized Cartoon-related Words and Phrases Used in
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1138:
in Japan, and the graphic novel in the
English-speaking countries.
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Association des
Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
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Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas
2238:
Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas
1763:
2240:, Bloomsbury, 2014, p. 1821 ("Webcomics and New Media").
2187:
2006:"Beinecke Cataloging Manual - Comics and Graphic Novels"
1943:
1921:
1919:
1875:
1649:
DC Comics Year by Year: A Visual
Chronicle (New Edition)
1215:
to refer to Korean and Chinese comics respectively, and
861:, paints, and computers. Digital colorists may employ a
2526:
Graphic Novels in your Media Center: A Definitive Guide
2022:
1958:
1904:
1863:
1708:
1613:
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2218:
1455:
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1315:, translation close to "independently appearing book")
1129:
4170:
1916:
1788:
1696:
1672:
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2648:
1831:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 187.
1684:
1608:
1524:
1512:
1230:
595:
2624:
Graphic Novels and Comics in Libraries and Archives
1783:
Critical Approaches to Comics: Theories and Methods
1488:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1450:
754:(individual images) or comics (sequential images).
2599:. Santa Barbara, California: Libraries Unlimited.
2573:
2425:
1892:
660:device. Its shape came to convey meaning as well.
4031:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
1064:Comic books are typically published as either an
4206:
1846:Handbook of Research and Policy in Art Education
1815:Handbook of Research and Policy in Art Education
1465:
3830:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
501:Other terms used as synonyms for "comics" are "
4021:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
3909:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
2256:Encyclopedia of Comic Books and Graphic Novels
1310:
883:is the person who fills (and possibly places)
2703:
2316:. In Glover, David; McCracken, Scott (eds.).
1195:(BD) used to refer to Franco-Belgian comics,
989:
410:
2621:
2364:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
2342:Lila & Ecco's Do-It-Yourself Comics Club
2311:
2125:
1335:
2359:
2193:
1952:
1937:
1886:
1826:
1769:
1757:
1745:
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1547:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
4069:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
3867:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
2710:
2696:
2622:Weiner, Robert G; Weiner, Stephen (2010).
2318:The Cambridge Companion to Popular Fiction
2312:Chute, Hillary; Devoken, Marianne (2012).
417:
403:
4064:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
3978:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
2423:
2406:Graphic Storytelling and Visual Narrative
2360:Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J. (2009).
1440:
1262:Graphic Storytelling and Visual Narrative
4026:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
2518:
2068:
1964:
1910:
1869:
1781:Smith, Matthew and Randy Duncan (eds.),
1721:
1629:
1382:
1347:
1068:(a series that runs indefinitely), as a
960:
950:) appears larger and usually in colour.
924:
638:
535:
2659:on reading, teaching, and making comics
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2568:
2543:
2290:
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2224:
2031:
1678:
1602:
1563:
1180:
879:Normally separate from the writer, the
4207:
2450:
2402:
2378:
2338:
2267:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
2262:
2258:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
2253:
2137:
1925:
1857:
1794:
1702:
1690:
1666:
1632:"The Death Of The Double Page Spread?"
1617:
1559:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1459:
1365:Open Computing Facility at UC Berkeley
464:" being a well-entrenched exception).
3884:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
2691:
2529:(1st ed.). Libraries Unlimited.
2473:Graphic Novels in Your School Library
2205:
2199:
2071:"Jumping into Comics through Annuals"
2000:
1998:
719:
3835:Comics solicited but never published
2649:Drawing Words & Writing Pictures
2469:
2169:
1444:
505:" (a term coined and popularized by
4155:
3983:Australian Cartoonists' Association
3973:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
2490:
2062:
2037:
1898:
1482:
13:
1995:
1829:The Graphic Novel: An Introduction
1084:
910:
678:the images. This genre is called "
663:
14:
4231:
2642:
2497:How to Draw Comics the Marvel Way
1827:Baetens, Jan; Frey, Hugo (2015).
1001:are usually single-panel comics.
478:" is a term first popularized by
4192:
4180:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4133:
4121:
4084:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
3998:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
3899:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
2476:. American Library Association.
2314:"Comic books and Graphic Novels"
2206:Leroy, Joséphine (Mar 6, 2016).
2069:Schenkel, Katie (Aug 31, 2017).
1577:"Panel Layout: The Golden Ratio"
1233:
1104:
1037:have achieved crossover status.
710:
685:
591:
386:
31:
3914:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
2453:Contemporary Literary Criticism
2451:Hunter, Jeffrey W, ed. (2005).
2230:
2163:
2131:
2087:
1970:
1835:
1820:
1804:
1775:
1642:
1623:
1569:
1423:from the original on 2009-10-16
1371:from the original on 2017-02-02
1301:
647:
606:) is a singular row of panels.
3988:Comic Art Professional Society
2728:Glossary of comics terminology
2263:Booker, M. Keith, ed. (2014).
2254:Booker, M. Keith, ed. (2010).
2246:
2045:"What Are Comic Book Annuals?"
1630:Johnston, Rich (Oct 2, 2010).
1353:
900:
836:
19:Glossary of comics terminology
1:
4079:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
2455:. Volume 195. Gale Research.
2424:Goldsmith, Francisca (2005).
2140:"Interview: Brooke Gladstone"
2138:Semley, John (Oct 21, 2011).
2101:. Aug 6, 2007. Archived from
1323:
1040:
735:
551: B is a borderless panel
540:A typical comics page layout.
151:Comics by country and culture
3993:National Cartoonists Society
3782:Based on television programs
2434:American Library Association
2175:"What is a 'Graphic Novel'?"
1651:, DC Comics, 2019, p. 352: "
1141:
842:
793:
654:speech/word/dialogue balloon
7:
3924:Words & Pictures Museum
2385:Comics & Sequential Art
1978:"Formats & Definitions"
1844:and Michael D. Day (eds.),
1813:and Michael D. Day (eds.),
1226:
1149:, comics published via the
1130:
1054:
868:
697:
634:
10:
4236:
3968:Academy of Comic Book Arts
3940:Center for Cartoon Studies
3862:Belgian Comic Strip Center
2717:
2667:Don Markstein's Toonopedia
2322:Cambridge University Press
2010:beinecke1.library.yale.edu
1848:, Routledge, 2004, p. 305.
1817:, Routledge, 2004, p. 305.
1411:Don Markstein's Toonopedia
1050:
990:Gag and editorial cartoons
956:
920:
914:
895:
872:
846:
820:
797:
779:
761:
739:
702:
672:
529:
4116:
4074:Club des bandes dessinées
4054:
4006:
3960:
3953:
3932:
3852:
3808:Best-selling comic series
3795:
3764:
3733:
3724:
3704:
3593:
3497:
3447:
3431:
3422:
3386:Portrayal of black people
3351:
3298:
3138:
3127:
3060:
3033:
2980:
2947:
2892:
2856:
2734:
2725:
1860:, pp. 174 & 867.
1785:, Routledge, 2012, p. 76.
1311:
1250:Comics and Sequential Art
971:Sunday comic strip (1922)
775:
757:
618:
609:
576:
520:
451:
2274:The Aesthetics of Comics
2126:Weiner & Weiner 2010
1336:Chute & Devoken 2012
1294:
1029:of a newspaper, or in a
816:
525:
3879:British Cartoon Archive
3872:National Cartoon Museum
2544:McCloud, Scott (1993).
2339:Dawson, Willow (2010).
2291:Chapman, Robyn (2012).
2272:Carrier, David (2001).
2236:M. Keith Booker (ed.),
2194:Duncan & Smith 2009
1953:Duncan & Smith 2009
1938:Duncan & Smith 2009
1887:Duncan & Smith 2009
1770:Duncan & Smith 2009
1758:Duncan & Smith 2009
1746:Duncan & Smith 2009
1734:Duncan & Smith 2009
1548:Duncan & Smith 2009
1269:The Lexicon of Comicana
941:As the name implies, a
584:
4089:Finnish Comics Society
4046:Svenska Serieakademien
4036:Comics Studies Society
3904:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
3408:Women in Refrigerators
3403:The Hawkeye Initiative
3041:Female comics creators
2595:Phoenix, Jack (2020).
2345:. Kids Can Press Ltd.
972:
938:
768:Also sometimes called
644:
565:
456:"Comics" is used as a
3825:Comic books on CD/DVD
3075:Comics historiography
2519:Lyga, Allyson A. W.;
2403:Eisner, Will (1996).
1509:, pp. 44, 46–47.
964:
928:
642:
557: are the gutters
539:
4041:Sequart Organization
3787:Based on video games
3369:Gender and webcomics
2934:Publishing companies
2547:Understanding Comics
2502:Simon & Schuster
2470:Karp, Jesse (2012).
2276:. Penn State Press.
1965:Lyga & Lyga 2004
1911:Lyga & Lyga 2004
1870:Lyga & Lyga 2004
1799:William Erwin Eisner
1722:Lyga & Lyga 2004
1348:Lyga & Lyga 2004
1288:Understanding Comics
1181:International comics
511:graphic storytelling
316:South African comics
4220:Lexis (linguistics)
4099:The Hero Initiative
3379:American mainstream
3181:Comics in education
2784:Comic strip formats
2672:Comic Book Glossary
2409:. Poorhouse Press.
2388:. Poorhouse Press.
2362:The Power of Comics
1982:Free Comic Book Day
1059:American comic book
20:
4215:Comics terminology
4140:Cartoon portal
3894:The Cartoon Museum
3889:Cartoon Art Museum
3613:France and Belgium
3398:Portrayal of women
3391:African characters
3359:Ethnic stereotypes
2677:2009-02-08 at the
2552:Kitchen Sink Press
2049:How To Love Comics
1417:www.toonopedia.com
1281:Reinventing Comics
999:editorial cartoons
973:
939:
720:Division of labour
645:
566:
545: A is a panel
496:Alternative comics
18:
4168:
4167:
4128:Comics portal
4112:
4111:
3945:The Kubert School
3848:
3847:
3720:
3719:
3418:
3417:
3343:Widescreen comics
3186:Comics journalism
3056:
3055:
2848:Political cartoon
2789:Daily comic strip
2633:978-0-7864-4302-4
2606:978-1-4408-6886-3
2587:978-0-06-078094-4
2511:978-0-671-53077-8
2483:978-0-8389-1089-4
2443:978-0-8389-0904-1
2416:978-0-9614728-2-5
2395:978-0-9614-7281-8
2371:978-0-8264-2936-0
2352:978-1-55453-438-8
2331:978-0-521-51337-1
2304:978-1-61058-629-0
2283:978-0-271-02188-1
1275:Manga iconography
1006:pantomime cartoon
943:daily comic strip
935:daily comic strip
690:Sound effects or
484:underground comix
476:Underground comix
427:
426:
393:Comics portal
336:Vietnamese comics
306:Portuguese comics
296:Philippine comics
277:
210:
192:Australian comics
188:
132:Political cartoon
4227:
4197:
4196:
4185:
4184:
4176:
4158:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4138:
4137:
4126:
4125:
4104:Xeric Foundation
3958:
3957:
3772:Based on fiction
3731:
3730:
3505:China and Taiwan
3429:
3428:
3228:Graphic medicine
3171:Autobiographical
3136:
3135:
3114:Japanese (manga)
3020:Japanese (manga)
2945:
2944:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2637:
2618:
2591:
2579:
2565:
2540:
2515:
2487:
2466:
2447:
2431:
2420:
2399:
2375:
2356:
2335:
2308:
2297:. Quarry Books.
2287:
2268:
2259:
2241:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2148:. Archived from
2135:
2129:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2041:
2035:
2034:, pp. 4–12.
2029:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1842:Elliot W. Eisner
1839:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1811:Elliot W. Eisner
1808:
1802:
1797:, p. 172: "
1792:
1786:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1646:
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1627:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1600:
1594:
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1588:
1587:
1573:
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1528:
1522:
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1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
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1480:
1463:
1457:
1448:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1405:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1361:"americancomics"
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1305:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1192:bandes dessinées
1137:
1053:, the page, the
865:to assist them.
605:
604:
601:
600:
597:
562:
556:
550:
544:
419:
412:
405:
391:
390:
291:Pakistani comics
271:
244:Hungarian comics
204:
197:Brazilian comics
174:
165:Argentine comics
35:
21:
17:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4179:
4171:
4169:
4164:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4094:Friends of Lulu
4056:
4050:
4008:
4002:
3949:
3928:
3854:
3853:Collections and
3844:
3818:manga magazines
3791:
3760:
3751:Manga magazines
3716:
3700:
3589:
3493:
3443:
3414:
3347:
3318:Talking animals
3294:
3255:Science fiction
3166:Anthropomorphic
3132:and narratology
3131:
3123:
3070:Years in comics
3052:
3029:
2993:Jewish American
2976:
2943:
2888:
2852:
2772:Trade paperback
2730:
2721:
2716:
2679:Wayback Machine
2645:
2640:
2634:
2607:
2588:
2562:
2537:
2512:
2484:
2463:
2444:
2417:
2396:
2372:
2353:
2332:
2305:
2284:
2249:
2244:
2235:
2231:
2223:
2219:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2153:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2099:Seanjjordan.com
2093:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1840:
1836:
1825:
1821:
1809:
1805:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
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1647:
1643:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1562:, p. 157;
1558:
1554:
1546:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1447:, pp. 4–6.
1439:
1435:
1426:
1424:
1407:
1406:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1183:
1163:infinite canvas
1144:
1128:in Europe, the
1107:
1091:trade paperback
1087:
1085:Trade paperback
1043:
992:
959:
923:
903:
898:
885:speech balloons
877:
871:
851:
845:
825:
819:
806:
798:Main articles:
796:
784:
778:
766:
764:Script (comics)
760:
744:
738:
722:
713:
705:
700:
688:
675:
666:
664:Thought balloon
650:
637:
621:
612:
594:
590:
587:
579:
564:
563: is a tier
560:
558:
554:
552:
548:
546:
542:
534:
528:
523:
454:
423:
385:
234:European comics
219:Croatian comics
214:Canadian comics
171:Bande dessinées
160:American comics
122:Trade paperback
40:
12:
11:
5:
4233:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4202:
4201:
4189:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4130:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4058:
4055:Charitable and
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3864:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3840:Limited series
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3777:Based on films
3774:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3689:United Kingdom
3686:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3605:
3603:Czech Republic
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3479:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3304:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3133:
3129:Comics studies
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2949:
2942:
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2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2816:Digital comics
2813:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2762:Ongoing series
2759:
2754:
2752:Limited series
2749:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2669:
2660:
2644:
2643:External links
2641:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2619:
2605:
2592:
2586:
2570:McCloud, Scott
2566:
2560:
2541:
2535:
2516:
2510:
2488:
2482:
2467:
2461:
2448:
2442:
2421:
2415:
2400:
2394:
2376:
2370:
2357:
2351:
2336:
2330:
2309:
2303:
2288:
2282:
2269:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2229:
2227:, p. 215.
2217:
2198:
2186:
2162:
2130:
2128:, p. 227.
2115:
2086:
2061:
2051:. Aug 19, 2020
2036:
2021:
1994:
1969:
1967:, p. 164.
1957:
1942:
1940:, p. 145.
1930:
1928:, p. 110.
1915:
1913:, p. 163.
1903:
1901:, p. 145.
1891:
1874:
1872:, p. 165.
1862:
1850:
1834:
1819:
1803:
1787:
1774:
1762:
1760:, p. 316.
1750:
1748:, p. 156.
1738:
1736:, p. 318.
1726:
1724:, p. 161.
1707:
1705:, p. 174.
1695:
1683:
1671:
1669:, p. 112.
1659:
1641:
1622:
1607:
1595:
1568:
1552:
1550:, p. 315.
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1464:
1449:
1443:, p. 16;
1441:Goldsmith 2005
1433:
1381:
1352:
1350:, p. 162.
1340:
1338:, p. 175.
1327:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1256:Comics studies
1253:
1245:
1244:
1228:
1225:
1221:Italian comics
1201:Spanish comics
1182:
1179:
1155:World Wide Web
1143:
1140:
1122:Franco-Belgian
1106:
1103:
1086:
1083:
1070:limited series
1066:ongoing series
1042:
1039:
1031:pocket cartoon
1027:editorial page
991:
988:
958:
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922:
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899:
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873:Main article:
870:
867:
847:Main article:
844:
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821:Main article:
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541:
532:Panel (comics)
530:Main article:
527:
524:
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503:sequential art
488:Art Spiegelman
458:non-count noun
453:
450:
446:Dylan Horrocks
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331:Turkish comics
328:
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321:Spanish comics
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311:Serbian comics
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286:Mexican comics
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259:Italian comics
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207:Welsh-language
202:British comics
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3270:Tijuana bible
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2879:Silent comics
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2846:
2844:
2843:Graphic novel
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2799:Sunday comics
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2626:. McFarland.
2625:
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2598:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2576:Making Comics
2571:
2567:
2563:
2561:0-87816-243-7
2557:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2536:1-59158-142-7
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2462:9780787679651
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2171:Abel, Jessica
2166:
2152:on 2011-10-28
2151:
2147:
2146:
2145:The A.V. Club
2141:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2105:on 2012-09-15
2104:
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2011:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1984:. Dec 7, 2016
1983:
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1692:
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1637:
1636:Bleeding Cool
1633:
1626:
1620:, p. 62.
1619:
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1604:
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1565:
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1533:, p. 38.
1532:
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1520:
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1497:, p. 28.
1496:
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1241:Comics portal
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1159:Scott McCloud
1156:
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1110:Graphic novel
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976:Sunday comics
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931:Mutt and Jeff
927:
918:
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911:encapsulation
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800:Comics artist
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782:Comics artist
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755:
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749:
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733:
730:
728:
727:art education
717:
711:Encapsulation
708:
695:
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686:Sound effects
683:
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641:
632:
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515:graphic novel
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438:Scott McCloud
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249:Indian comics
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112:Digital comic
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94:Media formats
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34:
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26:
23:
22:
16:
4007:Critical and
3961:Professional
3746:Comic strips
3439:South Africa
3338:Supervillain
2874:Photo comics
2869:Motion comic
2821:Mobile comic
2747:Ashcan comic
2727:
2653:Jessica Abel
2623:
2596:
2575:
2545:
2525:
2495:
2472:
2452:
2427:
2404:
2383:
2380:Eisner, Will
2361:
2341:
2317:
2293:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2237:
2232:
2225:McCloud 2006
2220:
2211:
2201:
2196:, p. 4.
2189:
2178:. Retrieved
2165:
2154:. Retrieved
2150:the original
2143:
2133:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:the original
2098:
2089:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:
2064:
2053:. Retrieved
2048:
2039:
2032:Phoenix 2020
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
1986:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1960:
1955:, p. 6.
1933:
1906:
1894:
1889:, p. 8.
1865:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1828:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1790:
1782:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1698:
1686:
1679:Carrier 2001
1674:
1662:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1625:
1603:Chapman 2012
1598:
1590:
1584:. Retrieved
1581:MakingComics
1580:
1571:
1564:McCloud 1993
1555:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1416:
1410:
1373:. Retrieved
1364:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1303:
1286:
1279:
1267:
1260:
1248:
1219:to refer to
1216:
1210:
1204:
1199:to refer to
1196:
1190:
1184:
1145:
1131:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1088:
1063:
1044:
1035:comic strips
1015:caricaturist
1011:
1003:
995:Gag cartoons
993:
980:World War II
974:
966:
952:
948:Sunday strip
940:
929:
904:
890:paralanguage
878:
852:
826:
807:
785:
767:
745:
731:
723:
714:
706:
692:onomatopoeia
689:
676:
667:
658:
651:
648:Word balloon
622:
613:
588:
580:
571:asynchronous
570:
567:
500:
493:
473:
466:
455:
442:R. C. Harvey
428:
254:Irish comics
229:Dutch comics
224:Czech comics
169:
86:Photo comics
59:
15:
4199:Visual arts
4160:WikiProject
3796:Other lists
3741:Comic books
3657:Netherlands
3563:Philippines
3275:Underground
3238:Non-fiction
3156:Alternative
2902:Cartoonists
2884:Text comics
2838:Gag cartoon
2794:Lianhuanhua
2779:Comic strip
2657:Matt Madden
2521:Lyga, Barry
2247:Works cited
1926:Dawson 2010
1858:Booker 2014
1795:Booker 2010
1703:Eisner 1996
1691:Eisner 1985
1667:Dawson 2010
1618:Eisner 1985
1560:Eisner 1985
1531:Eisner 1985
1519:Eisner 1985
1507:Eisner 1985
1495:Eisner 1985
1460:Eisner 1985
1126:comic album
907:comic strip
901:Comic strip
680:text comics
507:Will Eisner
480:cartoonists
469:comic books
462:comic strip
434:Will Eisner
357:Cartoonists
326:Thai comics
117:Gag cartoon
107:Comic strip
4209:Categories
3424:By country
3265:Teen humor
3100:Modern Age
3095:Bronze Age
3090:Silver Age
3085:Golden Age
3025:Macedonian
3000:Australian
2981:By country
2967:Minicomics
2864:Film comic
2857:Techniques
2742:Comic book
2615:1141029685
2580:. Harper.
2212:Actualitte
2180:2012-02-16
2156:2012-02-15
2109:2010-09-10
2080:2021-04-04
2055:2021-04-04
2015:2021-04-02
1988:2021-04-02
1586:2016-03-15
1427:2013-02-08
1375:2017-01-26
1324:References
1175:Turbomedia
1171:slide show
1161:calls the
1047:comic book
1041:Comic book
965:Full-page
748:cartoonist
742:Cartoonist
736:Cartoonist
367:Publishers
362:Collecting
102:Comic book
81:Cartooning
3765:By source
3756:Webcomics
3734:By format
3712:Australia
3515:Hong Kong
3455:Argentina
3333:Superhero
3290:Wrestling
3260:Superhero
3201:Dystopian
3176:Celebrity
3161:Ambiguous
3119:Webcomics
2972:Webcomics
2955:Editorial
2948:By format
2929:Letterers
2914:Colorists
2767:Minicomic
2683:About.com
2492:Lee, Stan
2075:BOOK RIOT
1445:Karp 2012
1147:Webcomics
1142:Webcomics
1099:paperback
1095:story arc
1017:style of
968:Krazy Kat
855:colourist
843:Colourist
837:penciller
833:India ink
810:penciller
804:Penciller
794:Penciller
344:Community
274:Hong Kong
55:Education
4150:Category
4057:outreach
4009:academic
3919:ToonSeum
3667:Portugal
3575:Thailand
3558:Pakistan
3448:Americas
3364:Feminist
3308:Antihero
3146:Abstract
3080:American
3015:Filipino
3005:Canadian
2988:American
2894:Creators
2826:Webcomic
2757:One-shot
2675:Archived
2663:Glossary
2572:(2006).
2523:(2004).
2494:(1978).
2382:(1985).
2173:(2002).
1899:Lee 1978
1483:Lee 1978
1421:Archived
1369:Archived
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1227:See also
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1074:one shot
881:letterer
875:Letterer
869:Letterer
859:rubylith
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629:gatefold
589:A tier (
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3705:Oceania
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3630:Germany
3623:Belgium
3608:Croatia
3585:Vietnam
3323:Masking
3285:Western
3243:Romance
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3062:History
2939:Writers
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1153:on the
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3672:Serbia
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3595:Europe
3580:Turkey
3477:Mexico
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3465:Canada
3460:Brazil
3432:Africa
3352:Themes
3300:Tropes
3233:Horror
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2804:Topper
2719:Comics
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