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938:(appearing in 1895) has been credited as establishing the form and conventions of the comic strip, though academics have uncovered earlier works that combine speech bubbles and a multi image narrative. However, the popularity of Outcalt's work and the position of the strip in a newspaper retains credit as a driving force of the form.
778:): "To construct a picture-story does not mean you must set yourself up as a master craftsman, to draw out every potential from your material—often down to the dregs! It does not mean you just devise caricatures with a pencil naturally frivolous. Nor is it simply to dramatize a proverb or illustrate a
604:
The first two of six plates in
Hogarth's "Marriage Ă la Mode" series. The first plate depicts the signing of a marriage contract between the wealthy Lord Squanderfield and the bride's poor merchant father. The second plate depicts a morning in the couple's home after a night out. The dog pulls a
782:. You must actually invent some kind of play, where the parts are arranged by plan and form a satisfactory whole. You do not merely pen a joke or put a refrain in couplets. You make a book: good or bad, sober or silly, crazy or sound in sense."
690:. They now represented narrative, but for identification purposes rather than dialogue within the work, and artists soon discarded them in favour of running dialogue underneath the panels. Speech balloons were not reintroduced to the form until
723:, it lampooned the fashions and politics of the times. It had most of the elements that make up the modern comic, including pictures with captions that display a continuous narrative told often in installments, and the use of speech bubbles,
819:
of the day, who were themselves organising an exhibition of cartoons, or preparatory drawings, at the time. This usage became common parlance, lasting to the present day. Similar magazines containing cartoons in continental Europe included
737:
Swiss artist, was a key figure in the early part of the 19th century. Töpffer's sequentially illustrated stories, with text compartmentalized below images, were reprinted throughout Europe. In 1837, he published
1097:
to distinguish their work from mainstream newspaper strips and juvenile comic books. Their work was written for an adult audience but was usually comedic, so the "comic" label was still appropriate. The term
1080:
and from the 1970s
American comics publishers have actively encouraged collecting and shifted a large portion of comics publishing and production to appeal directly to the collector's community.
621:, was composed of a number of canvases, each reproduced as a print, and the eight prints together created a narrative. As printing techniques developed, due to the technological advances of the
625:, magazines and newspapers were established. These publications sometimes utilized illustrations as a means of commenting on political and social issues, such illustrations becoming known as "
1065:
to adult fantasies. Japanese manga is typically published in large anthologies, containing several hundred pages, and the stories told have long been used as sources for adaptation into
514:
An ancient tradition in India, possibly dating back to at least 700 BCE, had picture showmen narrating stories that were simultaneously presented in painted pictures (also the origin of
1572:
3425:
1021:(also a reprint collection of newspaper strips), was released in the U.S. in 1933 and by 1938 publishers were printing original material in the new format. It was at this point that
1552:
655:(1726), can be seen to establish a narrative over a number of images, it wasn't until the 19th century that the elements of such works began to crystallise into the
1431:
1087:, as an adjective describing a genre, and a noun designating an entire medium, has been criticised as confusing and misleading. In the 1960s and 1970s, underground
670:, a label, usually in the form of a scroll, which identified a character either through naming them or using a short text to explain their purpose. Artists such as
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1400:
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of
American comic books. The genre lost popularity in the 1950s but re-established its domination of the form from the 1960s until the late 20th century.
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described in 2000 how creators of online comics can revolutionize the medium by embracing the digital space and making use of techniques such as
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proliferated, and translated versions created a market on both continents for similar works. In 1845, Töpffer formalised his thoughts on the
897:
published by
Dalziel Brothers, eight pages long and printed in black and white at tabloid size. The magazine was extremely popular with the
3244:
511:. In medieval paintings, multiple sequential scenes of the same story (usually a Biblical one) appear simultaneously in the same painting.
2008:
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was popularized in the late 1970s, having been coined at least two decades previous, to distance the material from this confusion.
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1902:
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In the 1980s, comics scholarship started to blossom in the U.S., and a resurgence in the popularity of comics was seen, with
1053:, who expanded the page count of work to number in the hundreds, and who developed a filmic style, heavily influenced by the
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by a German newspaper. Busch refined the conventions of sequential art, and his work was a key influence within the form,
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2699:
2402:
2343:
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366:
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Smolderen, Thierry (Summer 2006). "Of Labels, Loops, and
Bubbles: Solving the Historical Puzzle of the Speech Balloon".
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and may have had a circulation as high as 350,000. In 1890, two more comic magazines debuted to the
British public,
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has followed different paths in different parts of the world. It can be traced back to early precursors such as
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59:
570:. Occasionally, prints would contain several images to relate multiple scenes of a narrative, for instance in
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1963:
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615:(1697–1764). Hogarth created seven sets of sequential images on "Modern Moral Subjects". One of his works,
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bonnet out of the husband's pocket which may allude to infidelity as the wife is already wearing a bonnet.
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1073:, and many creators work in both forms simultaneously, leading to an intrinsic linking of the two forms.
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In Japan, a country with a long tradition of illustration, comics were hugely popular. Referred to as
815:, launched in 1841, referred to its 'humorous pencilings' as cartoons in a satirical reference to the
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as a widely distributed medium that combined many images with text in order to bring the teachings of
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It took the invention of modern printing techniques to bring the form to a wide audience and become a
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2016:
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and created a market for further such works. The same period in the United States had seen newspaper
719:, published in 1826, was arguably the first comic magazine. A satirical publication, later known as
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of the time. The
Japanese market expanded its range to cover works in many genres, from juvenile
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809:. (In art, a cartoon is a pencil or charcoal sketch to be overpainted.) The British magazine
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361:
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1174:. Webcomics became more prolific in the early 2000s, as respected comics awards such as the
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The earliest examples of humans using illustration for storytelling purposes goes back to
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for a low cost. Hosting providers specifically designed for webcomics, such as
1147:
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1062:
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1004:, a reprint collection of newspaper strips, published in tabloid size in 1929.
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893:. In 1884 the then highly popular character was spun off into his own comic,
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One of the first
British creators of sequential series of satirical art was
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1990:"A Brief History of Webcomics – The Third Age of Webcomics, Part One"
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1132:
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1262:"Oldest known picture story is a 51,000-year-old Indonesian cave painting"
946:
The 1920s and 1930s saw further booms within the industry. The market for
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During the latter half of the 20th century comics became a very popular
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as the cover feature. The popularity of the character swiftly enshrined
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2151:
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1307:
1108:
1088:
1008:
903:
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805:, which regularly appeared in newspapers and magazines, gained a name:
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Through the 17th and 18th centuries, prints began to tackle aspects of
508:
356:
101:
1940:
1654:
1553:"Have I got old news for you: Glasgow is home to world's oldest comic"
2742:
2176:
1573:"Did you know that the first ever comic book was created in Glasgow?"
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1155:
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strips launched. The collection of such material also began, with
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710:, whose work is considered influential in shaping the comics form.
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also evolved over the centuries, from the medieval origins of the
387:
2240:
2218:
626:
559:
492:
141:
80:
32:
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3426:
Association des
Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
2955:
2914:
2632:
2128:
724:
563:
489:
430:
280:
268:
24:
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2333:
1501:
International
Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature
1070:
1046:
785:
470:
263:
1780:
1961:
Taylor, Laurie; Martin, Cathlena; & Houp, Trena (2004)
466:
438:
1310:, Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 62, No. 1 (2003), pp. 25-64
1049:, the Japanese form was established after World War II by
875:
The first weekly comic to feature a regular character was
2097:
950:
in Britain turned to targeting children through juvenile
779:
746:
which was also published in the United States in 1842 as
1846:
1465:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 20.
1150:, artists have been able to self-publish comics on the
976:
newspaper strip for a Belgian-market comic supplement,
1834:
1460:
1636:, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp.4. (1969)
578:(1576) and the murder of Henry III of France (1589).
1614:
1479:
1193:
1864:Marschall, Richard (February, 1989). "Oh You Kid".
1432:"Marriage Ă la Mode Plate 2 (Early in the Morning)"
1809:
638:A True Narrative of the Horrid Hellish Popish Plot
3441:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
3582:
990:expand their subject matter beyond humour, with
928:work in combining speech balloons and images on
632:While surviving works of these periods, such as
3240:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
1524:
1320:Orr, Inge C. (1974). "Puppet Theatre in Asia".
881:, which debuted in the British humour magazine
3431:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
3319:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
1729:The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
1497:
1463:The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture
528:
2113:
2049:
1937:"The history of the term 'graphic novel' ..."
1807:
1354:
982:; this was successfully collected in a bound
686:, though at this time they were still called
410:
2009:"The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck Part III"
739:
1753:
1704:St James Encyclopedia of pop culture (2002)
941:
871:First serialized comics for a mass audience
3479:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
3277:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
2120:
2106:
1781:Andrew Edgar, Peter Sedgwick, ed. (2007).
1069:. In Japan, such films are referred to as
791:Some of the Mysteries of Loan and Discount
452:
417:
403:
3474:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
3388:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
2087:
1531:. Harvard University Press. p. 258.
1498:Dennis Gifford (2013). Peter Hunt (ed.).
1485:
545:densely illustrated versions of the Bible
480:over 50,000 years ago. Examples of early
3436:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
2006:
1987:
1620:
1461:Duncan, Randy; Matthew J. Smith (2009).
784:
701:
456:
2033:Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art
2030:
1816:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp.
1358:
539:Early printed material concentrated on
3583:
2050:Perry, George; Aldridge, Alan (1989).
1871:
1697:
1661:
1639:
1115:producing notable superhero works and
3294:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
2101:
2068:
1955:
1925:
1858:
1852:
1840:
1717:
1691:
1682:
1626:
1362:
1300:
3245:Comics solicited but never published
1688:Varnum & Gibbons, 2001. pp.77-78
1313:
1259:
1253:
1018:Famous Funnies: A Carnival of Comics
921:periodical containing comic strips.
913:, establishing the tradition of the
861:was inspired by the strip to create
3565:
3393:Australian Cartoonists' Association
3383:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
2054:(Revised ed.). Penguin Books.
1319:
889:and illustrated by his French wife
697:
13:
1436:Savannah College of Art and Design
1405:Savannah College of Art and Design
1398:
1083:The modern double use of the term
789:Panels from the illustrated story
643:The Punishments of Lemuel Gulliver
503:, medieval tapestries such as the
14:
3602:
2013:The Search For Töpffer In America
1784:Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts
1429:
748:The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck
3564:
3555:
3554:
3543:
3531:
3494:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
3408:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
3309:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
1909:. March 18, 2008. Archived from
1232:History of Franco-Belgian comics
1196:
1011:soon followed. The first modern
594:
585:
386:
31:
3324:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
1981:
1968:ImageTexT Exhibit 1 (Fall 2004)
1895:
1801:
1774:
1747:
1590:
1565:
1545:
1518:
1504:. Routledge. pp. 239–241.
1491:
1328:(1). Nanzan University: 69–84.
3398:Comic Art Professional Society
2138:Glossary of comics terminology
1999:
1454:
1423:
1392:
1368:
1260:Thou, Sharlotte (2024-07-03).
1:
3489:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
2071:Adult Comics: An Introduction
1903:"A History of the Comic Book"
1760:. Routledge. pp. 16–18.
1247:
1184:categories for digital comics
1146:. Since the inception of the
151:Comics by country and culture
3403:National Cartoonists Society
3192:Based on television programs
1988:Atchison, Lee (2008-01-07).
1308:Shadow Theaters of the World
847:1865 saw the publication of
7:
3334:Words & Pictures Museum
1632:Translated by Weiss, E. in
1189:
885:in 1867 and was created by
529:Early printing and cartoons
10:
3607:
3378:Academy of Comic Book Arts
3350:Center for Cartoon Studies
3272:Belgian Comic Strip Center
2127:
2052:The Penguin Book Of Comics
1669:"Original French, extract"
1217:History of American comics
895:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
878:Ally Sloper's Half Holiday
742:Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois
721:The Northern Looking Glass
532:
507:and illustrated Christian
3526:
3484:Club des bandes dessinées
3464:
3416:
3370:
3363:
3342:
3262:
3218:Best-selling comic series
3205:
3174:
3143:
3134:
3114:
3003:
2907:
2857:
2841:
2832:
2796:Portrayal of black people
2761:
2708:
2548:
2537:
2470:
2443:
2390:
2357:
2302:
2266:
2144:
2135:
2007:Beerbohm, Robert (2003).
1787:. Routledge. p. 54.
1355:Perry & Aldridge 1989
1142:have grown in popularity
1013:American-style comic book
716:The Glasgow Looking Glass
461:Sequential depictions on
1647:Original French, extract
1528:On Glasgow and Edinburgh
1525:Robert Crawford (2013).
942:20th-century mass medium
694:used them for dialogue.
3289:British Cartoon Archive
3282:National Cartoon Museum
2031:McCloud, Scott (1993).
1879:the comics: Before 1945
1242:List of years in comics
776:Essai de physiognomonie
754:at the time meant that
518:with jointed puppets).
499:(dedicated in 110 AD),
453:Early narratives in art
3499:Finnish Comics Society
3456:Svenska Serieakademien
3446:Comics Studies Society
3314:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
2818:Women in Refrigerators
2813:The Hawkeye Initiative
2451:Female comics creators
2035:. Kitchen Sink Press.
1808:Lita Sorensen (2005).
1322:Asian Folklore Studies
1162:, allow for a type of
924:In the United States,
798:
772:Essay on Physiognomics
767:
740:
711:
562:, and also started to
535:Before 1900s in comics
473:
3235:Comic books on CD/DVD
2485:Comics historiography
2069:Sabin, Roger (1993).
1883:Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
1877:Walker, Brian (2004)
1306:Fan Pen Chen (2003),
1212:Comics historiography
864:The Katzenjammer Kids
788:
705:
641:(c. 1682) as well as
623:Industrial Revolution
574:'s depictions of the
460:
3451:Sequart Organization
3197:Based on video games
2779:Gender and webcomics
2344:Publishing companies
1754:Roger Sabin (2013).
1698:Gordon, Ian (2002).
1671:. Lekti-ecriture.com
1442:on December 26, 2013
1401:"Marriage Ă la Mode"
1272:Guardian Media Group
1222:History of animation
973:Adventures of Tintin
832:, while in the U.S.
768:histoire en estampes
486:Egyptian hieroglyphs
443:Egyptian hieroglyphs
316:South African comics
3509:The Hero Initiative
2789:American mainstream
2591:Comics in education
2194:Comic strip formats
2019:on January 21, 2013
1855:, pp. 133–134.
1144:since the mid-1990s
1122:Calvin & Hobbes
1078:item for collectors
692:Richard F. Outcault
674:helped codify such
551:to the illiterate.
20:
3550:Cartoon portal
3304:The Cartoon Museum
3299:Cartoon Art Museum
3023:France and Belgium
2808:Portrayal of women
2801:African characters
2769:Ethnic stereotypes
1992:. Sequential Tart.
1866:The Comics Journal
1598:"Rodolphe Töpffer"
1361:, pp. 11–14;
1136:being syndicated.
1091:used the spelling
1007:A market for such
979:Le Petit Vingtième
803:satirical drawings
799:
712:
541:religious subjects
474:
18:
3591:History of comics
3578:
3577:
3538:Comics portal
3522:
3521:
3355:The Kubert School
3258:
3257:
3130:
3129:
2828:
2827:
2753:Widescreen comics
2596:Comics journalism
2466:
2465:
2258:Political cartoon
2199:Daily comic strip
1891:978-0-8109-4970-6
1885:(United States).
1843:, pp. 17–21.
1634:Enter: The Comics
1411:on April 19, 2012
1376:"Frans Hogenberg"
1365:, pp. 13–14.
948:comic anthologies
910:Illustrated Chips
891:Émilie de Tessier
823:Fliegende Blätter
672:George Cruikshank
648:A Rake's Progress
618:A Rake's Progress
427:
426:
393:Comics portal
336:Vietnamese comics
306:Portuguese comics
296:Philippine comics
277:
210:
192:Australian comics
188:
132:Political cartoon
19:History of comics
3598:
3568:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3536:
3535:
3514:Xeric Foundation
3368:
3367:
3182:Based on fiction
3141:
3140:
2915:China and Taiwan
2839:
2838:
2638:Graphic medicine
2581:Autobiographical
2546:
2545:
2524:Japanese (manga)
2430:Japanese (manga)
2355:
2354:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2084:
2065:
2046:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2015:. Archived from
1994:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1899:
1893:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1815:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1735:on July 28, 2005
1731:. Archived from
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1575:. Archived from
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1438:. Archived from
1430:Baron, Bernard.
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1407:. Archived from
1399:Scotin, GĂ©rard.
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1372:
1366:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1257:
1237:History of manga
1227:History of anime
1206:
1201:
1200:
1038:as the defining
1036:superhero comics
992:action-adventure
926:R. F. Outcault's
756:pirated editions
745:
731:Rodolphe Töpffer
727:and caricature.
708:Rodolphe Töpffer
698:Form established
634:Francis Barlow's
598:
589:
484:can be found in
419:
412:
405:
391:
390:
291:Pakistani comics
271:
244:Hungarian comics
204:
197:Brazilian comics
174:
165:Argentine comics
35:
21:
17:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3504:Friends of Lulu
3466:
3460:
3418:
3412:
3359:
3338:
3264:
3263:Collections and
3254:
3228:manga magazines
3201:
3170:
3161:Manga magazines
3126:
3110:
2999:
2903:
2853:
2824:
2757:
2728:Talking animals
2704:
2665:Science fiction
2576:Anthropomorphic
2542:and narratology
2541:
2533:
2480:Years in comics
2462:
2439:
2403:Jewish American
2386:
2353:
2298:
2262:
2182:Trade paperback
2140:
2131:
2126:
2096:
2081:
2062:
2043:
2022:
2020:
2002:
1997:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1353:
1349:
1334:10.2307/1177504
1318:
1314:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1290:
1264:. Archaeology.
1258:
1254:
1250:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1182:started adding
1172:infinite canvas
1055:Disney cartoons
1028:launched, with
944:
873:
700:
653:William Hogarth
613:William Hogarth
609:
608:
607:
606:
601:
600:
599:
591:
590:
572:Frans Hogenberg
537:
531:
505:Bayeux Tapestry
497:Trajan's Column
463:Trajan's Column
455:
447:Bayeux Tapestry
435:Trajan's Column
429:The history of
423:
385:
234:European comics
219:Croatian comics
214:Canadian comics
171:Bande dessinées
160:American comics
122:Trade paperback
40:
12:
11:
5:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3562:
3552:
3540:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3465:Charitable and
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3250:Limited series
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3187:Based on films
3184:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3099:United Kingdom
3096:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3020:
3015:
3013:Czech Republic
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2543:
2539:Comics studies
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2226:Digital comics
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2172:Ongoing series
2169:
2164:
2162:Limited series
2159:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2095:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2066:
2060:
2047:
2041:
2028:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1980:
1964:"Introduction"
1954:
1939:Archived from
1924:
1913:on 25 May 2013
1907:Random History
1894:
1870:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1826:
1800:
1793:
1773:
1766:
1746:
1716:
1690:
1681:
1660:
1638:
1625:
1613:
1589:
1564:
1544:
1537:
1517:
1510:
1490:
1486:Smolderen 2006
1478:
1471:
1453:
1422:
1391:
1367:
1357:, p. 11;
1347:
1312:
1299:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1191:
1188:
1166:of webcomics.
1148:World Wide Web
1117:Bill Watterson
943:
940:
936:The Yellow Kid
872:
869:
850:Max and Moritz
844:were popular.
752:copyright laws
750:. The lack of
699:
696:
664:speech balloon
629:" since 1842.
603:
602:
593:
592:
584:
583:
582:
581:
580:
530:
527:
482:sequential art
478:cave paintings
454:
451:
425:
424:
422:
421:
414:
407:
399:
396:
395:
382:
381:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
346:
345:
341:
340:
339:
338:
333:
331:Turkish comics
328:
323:
321:Spanish comics
318:
313:
311:Serbian comics
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
286:Mexican comics
283:
278:
266:
261:
259:Italian comics
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
207:Welsh-language
202:British comics
199:
194:
189:
167:
162:
154:
153:
147:
146:
145:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
96:
95:
91:
90:
89:
88:
83:
75:
74:
70:
69:
68:
67:
62:
57:
49:
48:
46:Comics studies
42:
41:
38:Speech balloon
36:
28:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3603:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3571:
3563:
3561:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3364:Organizations
3362:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2892:United States
2890:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Decompression
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:Tijuana bible
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Comics poetry
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Silent comics
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Graphic novel
2251:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Sunday comics
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2080:0-415-04419-7
2076:
2073:. Routledge.
2072:
2067:
2063:
2061:0-14-002802-1
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2042:0-87816-243-7
2038:
2034:
2029:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2004:
1991:
1984:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1943:on 2008-03-23
1942:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1827:9781404202825
1823:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1796:
1794:9781134149070
1790:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1767:9781134557998
1763:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:"comic strip"
1720:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1685:
1670:
1664:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1621:Beerbohm 2003
1617:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1579:on 2013-12-27
1578:
1574:
1568:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1538:9780674067271
1534:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1511:9781134879946
1507:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1472:9780826429360
1468:
1464:
1457:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1381:
1377:
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2279:Motion comic
2231:Mobile comic
2157:Ashcan comic
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3570:WikiProject
3206:Other lists
3151:Comic books
3067:Netherlands
2973:Philippines
2685:Underground
2648:Non-fiction
2566:Alternative
2312:Cartoonists
2294:Text comics
2248:Gag cartoon
2204:Lianhuanhua
2189:Comic strip
2000:Works cited
1602:lambiek.net
1380:lambiek.net
1164:syndication
1128:Gary Larson
1089:cartoonists
1009:comic books
1001:The Funnies
984:comic album
966:. In 1929,
795:Ally Sloper
735:Francophone
657:comic strip
560:social life
523:mass medium
516:shadow play
509:manuscripts
501:Maya script
357:Cartoonists
326:Thai comics
117:Gag cartoon
107:Comic strip
2834:By country
2675:Teen humor
2510:Modern Age
2505:Bronze Age
2500:Silver Age
2495:Golden Age
2435:Macedonian
2410:Australian
2391:By country
2377:Minicomics
2274:Film comic
2267:Techniques
2152:Comic book
2023:2012-07-23
1853:Sabin 1993
1841:Sabin 1993
1675:2012-06-17
1655:2841620751
1607:2017-06-30
1583:2012-12-17
1558:2012-12-17
1385:2021-04-22
1363:Sabin 1993
1293:2024-07-03
1248:References
1109:Alan Moore
904:Comic Cuts
887:C. H. Ross
817:Parliament
706:A page by
676:phylacters
568:caricature
533:See also:
367:Publishers
362:Collecting
102:Comic book
81:Cartooning
3175:By source
3166:Webcomics
3144:By format
3122:Australia
2925:Hong Kong
2865:Argentina
2743:Superhero
2700:Wrestling
2670:Superhero
2611:Dystopian
2586:Celebrity
2571:Ambiguous
2529:Webcomics
2382:Webcomics
2365:Editorial
2358:By format
2339:Letterers
2324:Colorists
2177:Minicomic
2090:Comic Art
1934:(2003-4)
1280:1756-3224
1140:Webcomics
963:The Beano
957:The Dandy
919:anthology
867:in 1897.
770:) in his
668:phylacter
556:political
495:, Rome's
344:Community
274:Hong Kong
55:Education
3585:Category
3560:Category
3467:outreach
3419:academic
3329:ToonSeum
3077:Portugal
2985:Thailand
2968:Pakistan
2858:Americas
2774:Feminist
2718:Antihero
2556:Abstract
2490:American
2425:Filipino
2415:Canadian
2398:American
2304:Creators
2236:Webcomic
2167:One-shot
1973:June 26,
1947:June 26,
1739:June 22,
1700:"Comics"
1288:60623878
1190:See also
1156:Keenspot
1152:Internet
1061:through
1031:Superman
807:cartoons
680:balloons
627:cartoons
564:satirize
445:and the
137:Webcomic
60:Glossary
3343:Schools
3265:museums
3115:Oceania
3050:Ireland
3045:Hungary
3040:Germany
3033:Belgium
3018:Croatia
2995:Vietnam
2733:Masking
2695:Western
2653:Romance
2621:Fantasy
2472:History
2349:Writers
2329:Editors
2241:Webtoon
2219:Yonkoma
2145:Formats
1917:16 July
1709:May 30,
1342:1177504
1063:romance
1059:fantasy
996:mystery
954:, with
797:(1867).
684:scrolls
543:, with
493:friezes
377:Writers
177:Belgium
142:Webtoon
73:Methods
65:History
3213:Awards
3082:Serbia
3072:Poland
3005:Europe
2990:Turkey
2887:Mexico
2880:Quebec
2875:Canada
2870:Brazil
2842:Africa
2762:Themes
2710:Tropes
2643:Horror
2633:Gekiga
2616:Erotic
2549:Genres
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2129:Comics
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764:French
725:satire
688:labels
431:comics
352:Awards
281:Manhwa
269:Manhua
185:Quebec
181:France
25:Comics
3223:manga
3136:Lists
3104:Wales
3087:Spain
3055:Italy
2956:Korea
2949:lists
2944:Japan
2932:India
2738:Rogue
2606:Crime
2561:Adult
2444:Other
2420:Cuban
1820:–18.
1338:JSTOR
1176:Eagle
1094:comix
1085:comic
1071:anime
1047:manga
968:Hergé
952:humor
835:Judge
812:Punch
490:Greek
471:Italy
437:, in
372:Sales
264:Manga
3092:list
3060:list
3028:list
2978:list
2961:list
2937:list
2920:list
2908:Asia
2897:list
2784:LGBT
2658:list
2626:list
2456:list
2370:list
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2075:ISBN
2056:ISBN
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1949:2005
1932:Var.
1919:2014
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1762:ISBN
1741:2005
1711:2005
1651:ASIN
1533:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1448:2013
1417:2013
1284:OCLC
1276:ISSN
1178:and
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841:Puck
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