3182:(in Dutch): "In de jaren zeventig verschenen enkele strips die zichzelf aanprezen als 'graphic novel', onder hen bevond zich 'A Contract With God' van Eisner, een verzameling korte strips in een volwassen, literaire stijl. Vanaf die tijd wordt de term gebruikt om het verschil aan te geven tussen 'gewone' strips, bedoeld ter algemeen vermaak, en strips met een meer literaire pretentie". / "In the 1970s, several comics that billed themselves as 'graphic novels' appeared, including Eisner's 'A Contract With God', a collection of short comics in a mature, literary style. From that time on, the term has been used to indicate the difference between 'regular' comics, intended for general entertainment, and comics with a more literary pretension".
1451:
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2376:... L'ouvrage n'a jamais été publié, Caran d'Ache l'ayant laissé inachevé pour une raison inconnue. Mais ... puisque ce sont près d'une centaine de pages complètes (format H 20,4 x 12,5 cm) qui figurent dans le lot proposé au musée. / ... cartoonist Emmanuel Poiré, better known under the pseudonym Caran d'Ache (1858-1909). He was speaking in a letter July 20, 1894, to the editor of
663:, and was first published in English translation in 1841 by London's Tilt & Bogue, which used an 1833 Paris pirate edition. The first American edition was published in 1842 by Wilson & Company in New York City using the original printing plates from the 1841 edition. Another early predecessor is
1424:
One scholar used graphic novels to introduce the concept of graphiation, the theory that the entire personality of an artist is visible through his or her visual representation of a certain character, setting, event, or object in a novel, and can work as a means to examine and analyze drawing style.
1765:
It's a marketing term... that I never had any sympathy with. The term 'comic' does just as well for me ... The problem is that 'graphic novel' just came to mean 'expensive comic book' and so what you'd get is people like DC Comics or Marvel Comics—because 'graphic novels' were getting some
1333:
1782:
It's a perfect time to retire terms like "graphic novel" and "sequential art", which piggyback on the language of other, wholly separate mediums. What's more, both terms have their roots in the need to dissemble and justify, thus both exude a sense of desperation, a gnawing hunger to be
1446:
magazine website in 2003, which said in its correction: "Eisner acknowledges that the term 'graphic novel' had been coined prior to his book. But, he says, 'I had not known at the time that someone had used that term before'. Nor does he take credit for creating the first graphic book".
1802:, responding to a claim that he does not write comic books but graphic novels, said the commenter "meant it as a compliment, I suppose. But all of a sudden I felt like someone who'd been informed that she wasn't actually a hooker; that in fact she was a lady of the evening".
1675:
led to the popularization of the expression "graphic novel" as well. Until then, most
European countries used neutral, descriptive terminology that referred to the form of the medium, not the contents or the publishing form. In Francophone Europe for example, the expression
1819:
said: "I kind of like that answer. Because 'graphic novel' ... I don't like that name. It's trying too hard. It is a comic book. But there is a difference. And the difference is, a graphic novel is a novel in the sense that there is a beginning, a middle and an end".
939:#130–146, although published serially from 1965 to 1966, is "the first American graphic novel". Similarly, critic Jason Sacks referred to the 13-issue "Panther's Rage"—comics' first-known titled, self-contained, multi-issue story arc—that ran from 1973 to 1975 in the
1103:
1654:
in which Moore notes he "set out to explore, amongst other things, the dynamics of power in a post-Hiroshima world". These works and others were reviewed in newspapers and magazines, leading to increased coverage. Sales of graphic novels increased, with
1432:
was published in 1978 by a smaller company, Baronet Press, it took Eisner over a year to find a publishing house that would allow his work to reach the mass market. In its introduction, Eisner cited Lynd Ward's 1930s woodcuts as an inspiration.
681:
and started work on a 360-page wordless book (which was never published). In the United States, there is a long tradition of reissuing previously published comic strips in book form. In 1897, the Hearst
Syndicate published such a collection of
591:
as graphic novels (similar to the manner in which dramatic stories are included in "comic" books). The term is also sometimes used to distinguish between works created as standalone stories, in contrast to collections or compilations of a
1278:" of United States comic-book shops — was called a "graphic album" by the author in interviews, though the publisher dubbed it a "comic novel" on its credits page. "Graphic album" was also the term used the following year by
3242:(March 1989). "Another World of Comics & From Europe with Love: An Interview with Catalan's Outspoken Bernd Metz" & "Approaching Euro-Comics: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brave New World of European Graphic Albums".
1830:
said: "To call them graphic novels is to presume that the novel is in some way 'higher' than the karmicbwurk (comic book), and that only by being thought of as a sort of novel can it be understood as an art form".
1724:
American comic critics have occasionally referred to
European graphic novels as "Euro-comics", and attempts were made in the late 1980s to cross-fertilize the American market with these works. American publishers
2380:... The book was never published, Caran d'Ache having left it unfinished for unknown reasons. But ... almost a hundred full pages (format 20.4 x H 12.5 cm) are contained in the lot proposed for the museum.
996:". Updike offered examples of new areas of exploration for novelists, declaring he saw "no intrinsic reason why a doubly talented artist might not arise and create a comic strip novel masterpiece".
3211:("serialized images") has, unlike its Spanish counterpart, become obsolete. The term "comic" is used in some other European countries as well, but often exclusively to refer to the standard
4988:
3317:
2372:... le caricaturiste Emmanuel Poiré, plus connu sous le pseudonyme de Caran d'Ache (1858-1909). Il s'exprimait ainsi dans une lettre adressée le 20 juillet 1894 à l'éditeur du
1795:
a 'sanitation engineer' - and second because a 'graphic novel' is in fact the very thing it is ashamed to admit: a comic book, rather than a comic pamphlet or comic magazine".
2475:
1593:
2339:
Beerbohm, Robert (2008). "The
Victorian Age Comic Strips and Books 1646-1900: Origins of Early American Comic Strips Before The Yellow Kid and 'The Platinum Age 1897–1938'".
1005:
829:-influenced slice of steeltown life starring a scheming, manipulative redhead named Rust. Touted as "an original full-length novel" on its cover, the 128-page digest by
1188:
from 1967 to 1972, was subtitled "A Graphic Novel" on the inside title page when collected as a 48-page, black-and-white, hardcover book published by Kyle & Wheary.
1174:), Morning Star Press, 1976, also a non-reprinted original presentation, used the term 'graphic novel' to categorize itself as well on its dust jacket and introduction.
1380:), used the label to designate comics of an artistically "serious" sort. Following this, Spicer, with Kyle's acknowledgment, edited and published a periodical titled
459:
work, though this practice is highly contested by comics scholars and industry professionals. It is, at least in the United States, typically distinct from the term
1440:
helped to establish the term "graphic novel" in common usage, and many sources have incorrectly credited Eisner with being the first to use it. These included the
1088:(1978), which he himself described as being from the "bottomless abyss of strip cartooning", although they, along with such other Briggs works as the more mature
4802:
3307:
3288:
1253:, March 1978), which described itself as "the first graphic novel". Issues of the comic had described themselves as "graphic prose", or simply as a novel.
2725:
2080:
1094:(1982), have been re-marketed as graphic novels in the wake of the term's popularity. Briggs noted, however, that he did not like that term too much.
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5003:
1842:(2001) refers to the book as "a comic-strip novel", with Clowes having noted that he "never saw anything wrong with the comic book". The cover of
4790:
1158:. It is therefore considered the first modern graphic novel to be done as an original work, and not collected from previously published segments.
1636:(1986), a collection of Frank Miller's four-part comic-book series featuring an older Batman faced with the problems of a dystopian future; and
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3637:
2001:
1986:
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2405:
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attention, they'd stick six issues of whatever worthless piece of crap they happened to be publishing lately under a glossy cover and call it
3651:
4807:
2622:
4754:
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though written and drawn in the early 1970s—was labeled a "graphic novel" on the cover of Marvel Comics' black-and-white comics magazine
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in comics form, but the military dictatorship confiscated the books and destroyed them. It was later re-released in corrected versions.
5041:
2833:
2307:
2262:
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3135:
2029:
Founders of Comic Fandom: Profiles of 90 Publishers, Dealers, Collectors, Writers, Artists and Other
Luminaries of the 1950s and 1960s
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4351:
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2474:(Press release). University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Center For the Book, Pennsylvania State University Libraries. 2020.
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was a mature, complex work focusing on the lives of ordinary people in the real world based on Eisner's own experiences.
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book reprints of self-contained miniseries did likewise, though they were not originally published as graphic novels:
1396:' line of extra-length, 48-page comics, specifically used the phrase "a graphic novel of Gothic terror" on its cover.
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1626:(1986), helped establish both the term and the concept of graphic novels in the minds of the mainstream public. Two
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513:(1982) and became familiar to the public in the late 1980s after the commercial successes of the first volume of
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The
Victorian Age: Comic Strips and Books 1646–1900 Origins of Early American Comic Strips Before The Yellow Kid
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4718:
4138:
4018:
3700:
1309:. Significantly, this was published by a traditional book publisher and distributed through bookstores, as was
992:, who had entertained ideas of becoming a cartoonist in his youth, addressed the Bristol Literary Society, on "
73:
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is the first comic that was created from start to finish as a complete novel. Running in two years' issues of
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974:
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As the exact definition of the graphic novel is debated, the origins of the form are open to interpretation.
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is the oldest recognized
American example of comics used to this end. It originated as the 1828 publication
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1366:#2 (November 1964), a newsletter published by the Comic Amateur Press Alliance, and again in an article in
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1072:
European creators were also experimenting with the longer narrative in comics form. In the United
Kingdom,
423:
3569:#38 2008 pages 330–366 by Robert Lee Beerbohm, Doug Wheeler, Richard Samuel West and Richard D. Olson, PhD
3049:
567:'s dictionary definition is "a fictional story that is presented in comic-strip format and published as a
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3939:
3891:
3195:
Notable exceptions have become the German and
Spanish speaking populaces who have adopted the US derived
3090:
1359:, for example, described their contents as "novel-length stories" and "full-length four chapter novels".
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Some alternative cartoonists have coined their own terms for extended comics narratives. The cover of
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on the grounds that it is unnecessary, or that its usage has been corrupted by commercial interests.
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premiered: its 117-page contents remained intact, but its panel-layout reconfigured to fit 62 pages.
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The term "graphic novel" began to grow in popularity months after it appeared on the cover of the
1362:
In its earliest known citation, comic-book reviewer
Richard Kyle used the term "graphic novel" in
5173:
5153:
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1520:, and released in hardcover). Marvel commissioned original graphic novels from such creators as
1374:#5 (Spring 1966). Kyle, inspired by European and East Asian graphic albums (especially Japanese
952:
Meanwhile, in continental Europe, the tradition of collecting serials of popular strips such as
736:
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By the late 1960s, American comic book creators were becoming more adventurous with the form.
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One of the earliest contemporaneous applications of the term post-Eisner came in 1979, when
1196:, who had spent his teenage years living in Paris, returned to the United States and formed
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designed to be sold on newsstands, used the term "graphic novel" in its introduction and "a
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genre, written and drawn by the single-name French artist Loro. Nantier followed this with
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8:
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1045:, did not use the term originally; the back-cover blurb of the 30th-anniversary edition (
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500:
205:
173:
68:
24:
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A complete edition was published in 1970 before being serialized in the French magazine
1688:("drawn series") are used by the Dutch/Flemish and Scandinavians respectively. European
660:
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4728:
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4128:
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1980:
1809:'s quip that the difference between a graphic novel and a comic book is "the binding",
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1128:
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In 1976, the term "graphic novel" appeared in print to describe three separate works:
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2455:
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2182:
2146:
2060:
2033:
1968:
1958:
1899:
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line of 10" × 7" trade paperbacks—although numbering them like comic books, from #1 (
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1185:
1046:
1038:
745:
730:
349:
319:
309:
145:
78:
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2355:
184:
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811:#1: "Anarcho, Dictator of Death", a 52-page comic dedicated to one story. In 1950,
740:(1934), a novel in sequential images composed of collage by the surrealist painter
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1954:
Maximizing the Impact of Comics in Your Library: Graphic Novels, Manga, and More
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1972:
494:. The term gained popularity in the comics community after the publication of
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4442:
4242:
4205:
4178:
4163:
3851:
3788:
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3623:
3432:
3399:
2356:""Maestro": chronique d'une découverte / "Maestro": Chronicle of a Discovery"
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for what it called "his paperback comics novel". Whatever the nomenclature,
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4123:
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2608:
2308:"The History of Comic Books: Introduction and 'The Platinum Age 1897–1938'"
2134:
1952:
1811:
1806:
1708:
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1596:
The 1987 U.S. (left) and 1995 U.S./UK/Canada (right) collected editions of
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969:
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267:
242:
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99:
20:
1680:— which literally translates as "drawn strips" – is used, while the terms
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2142:
2130:
1887:
1827:
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first for its insecure pretension - the literary equivalent of calling a
1701:
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1501:
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1408:
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339:
130:
120:
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1293:
Another early graphic novel, though it carried no self-description, was
868:
by Joseph Millard. Presaging Will Eisner's multiple-story graphic novel
4252:
3874:
3836:
3714:
3593:
by Thierry Groensteen, University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, 2007.
3308:"The Term 'Graphic Novel' Has Had A Good Run. We Don't Need It Anymore"
3228:, BryanTalbot.com (Started 6th May 2009. Finished 21st September 2009).
2738:
2655:
1758:
1733:
released translated titles, predominantly from the backlog catalogs of
1643:
1517:
1505:
1348:
1310:
1306:
1221:
1213:
849:
proved successful enough to lead to an unrelated second picture novel,
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725:
606:
588:
534:
466:
461:
370:
115:
3074:
2588:
2552:
1332:
4305:
3739:
3529:"The Publication and Formats of Comics, Graphic Novels, and Tankobon"
2521:
2514:
1822:
1788:
1734:
1627:
1601:
1586:
1553:
1404:
1393:
1352:
1217:
1162:
1029:
846:
830:
826:
772:
741:
714:
677:
593:
576:
456:
2002:"What's The Difference Between Graphic Novels and Trade Paperbacks?"
1351:
as "novels" appear on covers as early as the 1940s. Early issues of
1274:, August 1978) — the first graphic novel sold in the newly created "
4891:
4280:
3901:
3886:
3798:
1769:
1638:
1574:, featured adaptations of literary stories or characters; and one,
1492:
1302:
1279:
1021:
922:
898:
890:
755:
697:
543:
150:
5095:
2997:
Comic Books, Tragic Stories: Will Eisner's American Jewish History
2966:
Comic Books, Tragic Stories: Will Eisner's American Jewish History
1863:
1148:" on its cover, predating by two years the usage of this term for
1097:
707:
cited as "the undisputed king" of this revival. His works include
675:
broached the idea of a "drawn novel" in a letter to the newspaper
401:
3803:
3781:
2612:
1592:
1570:
1053:) calls it, retroactively, the first American graphic novel. The
960:
700:
599:
In continental Europe, both original book-length stories such as
584:
488:
155:
94:
46:
5107:
3453:"Daniel Clowes Interview: The Ghost World Creator Does It Again"
3207:("strip"), today somewhat dated. The likewise German expression
2317:
667:
by brothers J. A. D. and D. F. Read, inspired by
623:
have been commonly published in hardcover volumes, often called
4989:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
4518:
4477:
4195:
3691:
3203:
respectively. The traditional Spanish term had previously been
1893:
1718:
1564:
featured original SF/fantasy characters; others still, such as
1324:, 1979) described on its dust jacket as a "novel-in-pictures".
1114:
1017:
620:
294:
282:
38:
3269:. Blather.net. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014
724:
Other prototypical examples from this period include American
455:
is often applied broadly, including fiction, non-fiction, and
4506:
3896:
3606:
Graphic borders: Latino comic books past, present, and future
1700:
format, meaning that all larger-sized, longer Franco-Belgian
1376:
1339:(1978), one of the first modern graphic novels. Cover art by
752:(composed 1941–43) combines images, narrative, and captions.
484:
277:
3574:
Faster than a speeding bullet: the rise of the graphic novel
1102:
1004:
964:
led to long-form narratives published initially as serials.
734:(1930), a wordless comic published as a hardcover book, and
3115:, no. 217 (April 1997). Aardvark Vanaheim.
2263:"The Ghost of a Character: The Cage by Martin Vaughn-James"
1622:
1140:
imprint and released in both regular 8.5 x 11" size, and a
568:
519:
1659:, for example, lasting 40 weeks on a UK best-seller list.
629:, since the end of the 19th century (including such later
3660:
2431:. Routledge New Accents Library Collection. p. 291.
1065:
is a 119-page story of comic-book art, with captions and
767:(1950), one precursor of the graphic novel. Cover art by
721:, in 1929 and going on to publish more during the 1930s.
688:
by Richard Outcault and it quickly became a best seller.
3480:"Zilveren Dolfijn - Craig Thompson (oneshots): Blankets"
2081:"BISAC Subject Headings List, Comics and Graphic Novels"
1704:, regardless of their contents, fell under the heading.
1228:. The company marketed these works as "graphic albums".
3267:"The Alan Moore Interview: Northampton / Graphic novel"
2781:"America's First Graphic Novel Publisher [sic]"
1749:
Some in the comics community have objected to the term
1480:
Following this, Marvel from 1982 to 1988 published the
973:
was published in Argentina, a graphic novel written by
3652:"Welcome to Columbia University's Graphic Novels Page"
3604:
Aldama, Frederick Luis; González, Christopher (2016).
2882:
covers at the Grand Comics Database. See issues #2–10.
2139:
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Creating a Graphic Novel
1692:
scholars have observed that Americans originally used
793:
novels into standalone comic books for young readers.
2536:"Archer St. John & The Little Company That Could"
2053:
Madden, David; Bane, Charles; Flory, Sean M. (2006).
917:
in a similar format. Columnist and comic-book writer
3237:
3091:"Drawn to Change: Comics and Critical Consciousness"
3042:"A Graphic Literature Library – Time.comix responds"
2472:"2020 Lynd Ward Prize for Graphic Novel of the Year"
1859:
876:
wrote and drew the four-story mass-market paperback
3522:
Brodart.com: "A Brief History of the Graphic Novel"
3155:(1st ed.). Eddie Campbell Comics. p. 96.
2260:
2129:
579:or collections of loosely related pieces, and even
2170:
1696:for everything that deviated from their standard,
665:Journey to the Gold Diggins by Jeremiah Saddlebags
5004:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
1778:Glen Weldon, author and cultural critic, writes:
596:from a comic book series published in book form.
5145:
3541:by Paul Gravett, Harper Design, New York, 2005.
3287:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1662:
860:and illustrator Charles Raab. In the same year,
4803:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
2052:
1896:, Japanese term for/style of more mature comics
1787:Author Daniel Raeburn wrote: "I snicker at the
1098:First self-proclaimed graphic novels: 1976–1978
4994:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
4882:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
3603:
2999:, Volume 30, Issue 2, AJS Review, 2006, p. 284
2968:, Volume 30, Issue 2, AJS Review, 2006, p. 287
2646:"Panther's Rage: Marvel's First Graphic Novel"
2056:A Primer of the Novel: For Readers and Writers
1721:in 1982, was the first British graphic novel.
907:(Adventure House Press) in 1968—the same year
3676:
610:
424:
3176:Stripgeschiedenis : 2000-2010 Graphic novels
2915:in response to claims in Arnold, Andrew D.,
2173:Masters of the Comic Book Universe Revealed!
1957:. Santa Barbara, California. pp. 4–12.
799:, an illustrated, novel length retelling of
3539:Graphic Novels: Everything You Need to Know
2977:
2890:
2888:
2691:Graphic Novels: Stories To Change Your Life
2453:Passionate Journey: A Novel in 165 Woodcuts
2334:
2332:
5042:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
4840:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
3683:
3669:
3636:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2353:
1985:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1069:, published in a traditional book format.
717:also worked in this tradition, publishing
431:
417:
5037:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
4951:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
2863:. Vol. 1, no. 1. Archived from
2391:
1282:for his hardcover short-story collection
1259:Sabre: Slow Fade of an Endangered Species
563:The term is not strictly defined, though
487:in the November 1964 issue of the comics
4999:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
3264:
3147:
3088:
3082:
2885:
2756:
2713:
2613:"Permanent Damage [column] #224"
2338:
2329:
1744:
1711:claims that the first collection of his
1591:
1449:
1331:
1101:
1003:
754:
3450:
3396:"Behind the Page: Jeff Smith, Part Two"
3040:Arnold, Andrew D. (November 21, 2003).
2854:
2757:Williams, Paul Gerald (June 23, 2015).
2685:
2538:. Comicartville Library. Archived from
2533:
2408:from the original on September 28, 2013
2316:. Originally published at defunct site
2299:
2025:
1950:
1436:The critical and commercial success of
1327:
801:Japanese internment during World War II
789:series that primarily adapted notable,
5146:
3509:"The Graphic Novel Silver Anniversary"
3393:
3363:
3302:
3218:
3076:Marvel Graphic Novel: A Sailor's Story
3039:
3008:
2917:"The Graphic Novel Silver Anniversary"
2394:"A Brief History of the Graphic Novel"
2165:
1999:
1231:The first six issues of writer-artist
555:as a category in book stores in 2001.
4857:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
3664:
3425:
2827:
2693:(1st ed.). Aurum Press Limited.
2637:
2607:
2504:from the original on October 5, 2020.
2478:from the original on November 1, 2020
2426:
2341:Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide #38
1552:. While most of these starred Marvel
1136:, published in August 1976 under the
575:that do not form a continuous story,
465:, which is generally used for comics
4808:Comics solicited but never published
3572:Weiner, Stephen & Couch, Chris.
3440:from the original on April 16, 2019.
3394:Rogers, Vaneta (February 26, 2008).
3265:Kavanagh, Barry (October 17, 2000).
3186:from the original on August 1, 2020.
3009:Dooley, Michael (January 11, 2005).
2791:from the original on January 6, 2010
2714:Nicholas, Wroe (December 18, 2004).
1910:List of award-winning graphic novels
5128:
4956:Australian Cartoonists' Association
4946:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
3320:from the original on April 16, 2019
3021:from the original on April 16, 2019
2911:) from comics historian and author
2728:from the original on April 5, 2011.
2652:from the original on July 4, 2008.
2527:
2310:. TheComicBooks.com. Archived from
2305:
2261:Domingos Isabelinho (Summer 2004).
2000:Kelley, Jason (November 16, 2020).
1417:(October 1978). This collection of
1299:Simon & Schuster/Fireside Books
1057:presented Kane with a special 1971
949:as "Marvel's first graphic novel".
523:in 1986, the collected editions of
16:Book with primarily comics contents
13:
3015:American Institute of Graphic Arts
2980:The Graphic Novel: An Introduction
2857:"The Three Lives of Jules Feiffer"
2836:from the original on July 16, 2011
2625:from the original on June 17, 2011
2201:
1944:
1928:, Japanese manga publishing format
1714:The Adventures of Luther Arkwright
1532:, graphic-novel pioneer McGregor,
1347:Hyperbolic descriptions of longer
1301:, August 1978), by Marvel Comics'
803:, was published in 1946. In 1947,
14:
5195:
3645:
3566:Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide
3459:from the original on May 14, 2011
3426:Coren, Giles (December 1, 2012).
2978:Baetens, Jan; Frey, Hugo (2015).
2952:The Sinister House of Secret Love
2654:here were real character arcs in
2643:
2362:from the original on July 9, 2015
2354:Groensteen, Thierry (June 2015).
1915:List of best-selling comic series
1852:calls it "an illustrated novel".
1389:The Sinister House of Secret Love
819:, adult-oriented "picture novel"
691:
669:The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck
651:The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck
5127:
5118:
5117:
5106:
5094:
5057:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
4971:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
4872:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
3451:Bushell, Laura (July 21, 2005).
3238:Decker, Dwight R.; Jordan, Gil;
1862:
1667:Outside North America, Eisner's
400:
45:
4887:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
3501:
3472:
3444:
3419:
3386:
3357:
3332:
3296:
3258:
3231:
3189:
3169:
3141:
3118:
3105:
3068:
3033:
3002:
2990:
2971:
2959:
2943:
2930:
2871:
2848:
2821:
2803:
2773:
2750:
2732:
2707:
2679:
2601:
2582:
2564:
2546:
2508:
2490:
2464:
2445:
2420:
2385:
2347:
2221:
2059:. Scarecrow Press. p. 43.
1657:Batman: The Dark Knight Returns
1633:Batman: The Dark Knight Returns
779:The 1940s saw the launching of
696:The 1920s saw a revival of the
4961:Comic Art Professional Society
3701:Glossary of comics terminology
2195:
2159:
2123:
2103:
2073:
2046:
2019:
1993:
1465:sequel—published a year after
1027:Gil Kane and Archie Goodwin's
851:The Case of the Winking Buddha
1:
5052:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
3226:"Interview with Bryan Talbot"
3079:at the Grand Comics Database.
2956:at the Grand Comics Database.
2855:Tallmer, Jerry (April 2005).
2830:"Interview with Don McGregor"
2590:Harvey Kurtzman's Jungle Book
2429:Adult Comics: An Introduction
2291:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1937:
1922:, profusely illustrated books
1663:European adoption of the term
1642:(1986-1987), a collection of
999:
981:. The book told the story of
879:Harvey Kurtzman's Jungle Book
558:
479:Richard Kyle coined the term
165:Comics by country and culture
4966:National Cartoonists Society
4755:Based on television programs
3248:Westlake Village, California
2763:The 1970s Graphic Novel Blog
2498:"Frans Masereel (1889-1972)"
2204:"graphic novel | literature"
1890:, European publishing format
1206:Nantier, Beall, Minoustchine
1198:Flying Buttress Publications
1076:was producing works such as
504:(1978) and the start of the
7:
4897:Words & Pictures Museum
3428:"Not graphic and not novel"
3011:"The Spirit of Will Eisner"
2783:. New York City, New York:
2243:Associazione Guido Buzzelli
1855:
1493:The Death of Captain Marvel
886:#338K), published in 1959.
602:The Ballad of the Salty Sea
10:
5200:
4941:Academy of Comic Book Arts
4913:Center for Cartoon Studies
4835:Belgian Comic Strip Center
3690:
2984:Cambridge University Press
2402:Diamond Comic Distributors
2032:. McFarland. p. 117.
1475:Blackmark: The Mind Demons
1200:, later to incorporate as
1055:Academy of Comic Book Arts
914:The Spectacular Spider-Man
897:self-published a 40-page,
656:Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois
642:
18:
5089:
5047:Club des bandes dessinées
5027:
4979:
4933:
4926:
4905:
4825:
4781:Best-selling comic series
4768:
4737:
4706:
4697:
4677:
4566:
4470:
4420:
4404:
4395:
4359:Portrayal of black people
4324:
4271:
4111:
4100:
4033:
4006:
3953:
3920:
3865:
3829:
3707:
3698:
2085:Book Industry Study Group
1512:, starring the radio and
1473:#17 (Winter 1979), where
1212:, a 50-page spoof of the
1170:(adapted from a story by
549:Book Industry Study Group
3153:Alec:How to be an Artist
2392:Tychinski, Stan (n.d.).
2236:"Dino Buzzati 1965–1975"
1403:edition (though not the
975:Héctor Germán Oesterheld
955:The Adventures of Tintin
911:published two issues of
703:tradition, with Belgian
636:The Adventures of Tintin
19:Not to be confused with
4852:British Cartoon Archive
4845:National Cartoon Museum
3342:(Monographics Series),
3126:"From Pulp to Pulitzer"
3089:Carleton, Sean (2014).
2759:"Beyond Time and Again"
2674:is a 200-page novel....
2208:Encyclopedia Britannica
1739:Les Humanoïdes Associés
1392:#2 (Jan. 1972), one of
1041:paperback published by
833:writer "Drake Waller" (
530:The Dark Knight Returns
447:is a long-form work of
5062:Finnish Comics Society
5019:Svenska Serieakademien
5009:Comics Studies Society
4877:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
4381:Women in Refrigerators
4376:The Hawkeye Initiative
4014:Female comics creators
3484:www.zilverendolfijn.nl
2832:. MileHighComics.com.
2500:. GraphicWitness.org.
2026:Schelly, Bill (2010).
1951:Phoenix, Jack (2020).
1785:
1776:
1727:Catalan Communications
1609:
1455:
1383:Graphic Story Magazine
1344:
1120:
1024:
994:the death of the novel
901:-format comics novel,
776:
659:by Swiss caricaturist
611:
5184:History of literature
4798:Comic books on CD/DVD
4048:Comics historiography
3533:Image & Narrative
3366:The Sandman Companion
3346:Press, 2004, p. 110.
3306:(November 17, 2016).
2816:Grand Comics Database
2745:Grand Comics Database
2740:Beyond Time and Again
2611:(December 28, 2005).
2596:Grand Comics Database
2577:Grand Comics Database
2559:Grand Comics Database
2534:Quattro, Ken (2006).
2427:Sabin, Roger (2005).
2202:Murray, Christopher.
1805:Responding to writer
1780:
1763:
1745:Criticism of the term
1595:
1453:
1428:Even though Eisner's
1386:in the fall of 1967.
1335:
1288:Flying Buttress Press
1226:The Call of the Stars
1182:Beyond Time and Again
1105:
1007:
904:His Name Is... Savage
813:St. John Publications
758:
631:Franco-Belgian comics
619:, and collections of
612:La rivolta dei racchi
5014:Sequart Organization
4760:Based on video games
4342:Gender and webcomics
3907:Publishing companies
3591:The System of Comics
3553:Understanding Comics
3455:. BBC – Collective.
3224:Méalóid, Pádraig Ó.
3180:Lambiek Comiclopedia
3052:on November 25, 2003
2767:University of Exeter
2716:"Bloomin' Christmas"
2648:. FanboyPlanet.com.
2618:Comic Book Resources
2323:May 2, 2007, at the
2179:Chicago Review Press
1684:("strip story") and
1483:Marvel Graphic Novel
1328:Adoption of the term
1245:were collected as a
1237:Comics and Comix Co.
1192:The following year,
988:By 1969, the author
782:Classics Illustrated
737:Une semaine de bonté
507:Marvel Graphic Novel
330:South African comics
5072:The Hero Initiative
4352:American mainstream
4154:Comics in education
3757:Comic strip formats
3656:Columbia University
3555:: The Invisible Art
3517:, November 14, 2003
3364:Bender, Hy (1999).
3316:. Washington, D.C.
3252:Fantagraphics Books
3213:American comic book
3136:WebCitation archive
3134:, August 29, 2004.
3064:WebCitation archive
2927:, November 14, 2003
2921:WebCitation archive
2909:WebCitation archive
2828:Gough, Bob (2001).
2670:(#s 6 through 18),
2662:over time. But ...
2554:It Rhymes With Lust
2343:. pp. 337–338.
2257:WebCitation archive
1905:Graphic non-fiction
1669:A Contract with God
1582:, was a true-life,
1510:Hitler's Astrologer
1467:A Contract with God
1454:Will Eisner in 2004
1438:A Contract with God
1430:A Contract with God
1414:A Contract with God
1372:Fantasy Illustrated
1155:A Contract with God
1138:Fiction Illustrated
1091:When the Wind Blows
1012:(1971) by scripter
943:series in Marvel's
872:(1978), cartoonist
870:A Contract with God
822:It Rhymes with Lust
765:It Rhymes with Lust
501:A Contract with God
34:
25:illustrated fiction
5164:1971 introductions
5113:Cartoon portal
4867:The Cartoon Museum
4862:Cartoon Art Museum
4586:France and Belgium
4371:Portrayal of women
4364:African characters
4332:Ethnic stereotypes
3507:Arnold, Andrew D.
3406:on August 18, 2010
2867:on March 20, 2005.
2358:. NeuviemArt 2.0.
2318:CollectorTimes.com
2314:on April 15, 2003.
2273:on August 18, 2010
2006:How To Love Comics
1698:32-page comic book
1610:
1556:, others, such as
1456:
1345:
1129:Chandler: Red Tide
1121:
1025:
858:Manning Lee Stokes
777:
710:Passionate Journey
571:". Collections of
32:
5141:
5140:
5101:Comics portal
5085:
5084:
4918:The Kubert School
4821:
4820:
4693:
4692:
4391:
4390:
4316:Widescreen comics
4159:Comics journalism
4029:
4028:
3821:Political cartoon
3762:Daily comic strip
3615:978-1-4773-0914-8
3599:978-1-60473-259-7
3586:978-1-56163-368-5
3547:978-0-06082-4-259
3520:Tychinski, Stan.
3379:978-1-56389-644-6
3352:978-0-300-10291-8
3338:Raeburn, Daniel.
3254:. pp. 18–52.
3162:978-0-9577896-3-0
3131:Houston Chronicle
3095:Labour/Le Travail
2811:The First Kingdom
2700:978-1-84513-068-8
2460:978-0-87286-174-9
2451:Reissued 1985 as
2438:978-0-415-29139-2
2398:Diamond Bookshelf
2239:(Italian website)
2188:978-1-55652-633-6
2152:978-1-59257-233-5
2091:on April 14, 2015
2066:978-1-4616-5597-8
2039:978-0-7864-5762-5
1964:978-1-4408-6886-3
1900:Graphic narrative
1671:and Spiegelman's
1295:The Silver Surfer
1242:The First Kingdom
1208:), and published
1186:underground comix
1051:978-1-56097-456-7
1039:sword-and-sorcery
967:In January 1968,
921:also argues that
750:Life? or Theater?
746:Charlotte Salomon
731:He Done Her Wrong
713:(1919). American
441:
440:
407:Comics portal
350:Vietnamese comics
320:Portuguese comics
310:Philippine comics
291:
224:
206:Australian comics
202:
146:Political cartoon
5191:
5159:1960s neologisms
5131:
5130:
5121:
5120:
5111:
5110:
5099:
5098:
5077:Xeric Foundation
4931:
4930:
4745:Based on fiction
4704:
4703:
4478:China and Taiwan
4402:
4401:
4201:Graphic medicine
4144:Autobiographical
4109:
4108:
4087:Japanese (manga)
3993:Japanese (manga)
3918:
3917:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3662:
3661:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3557:by Scott McCloud
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3402:. Archived from
3390:
3384:
3383:
3361:
3355:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3246:. No. 160.
3235:
3229:
3222:
3216:
3193:
3187:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3145:
3139:
3122:
3116:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3086:
3080:
3072:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3048:. Archived from
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2947:
2941:
2934:
2928:
2892:
2883:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2825:
2819:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2754:
2748:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2605:
2599:
2586:
2580:
2568:
2562:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2542:on May 19, 2011.
2531:
2525:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2468:
2462:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2369:
2367:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2327:
2315:
2306:Coville, Jamie.
2303:
2297:
2296:
2290:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2269:. Archived from
2254:
2252:
2250:
2240:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2176:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2087:. Archived from
2077:
2071:
2070:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1976:
1948:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1678:bandes dessinées
1580:A Sailor's Story
1550:Bernie Wrightson
1538:Bill Sienkiewicz
1464:
1184:, serialized in
1172:Robert E. Howard
1111:Robert E. Howard
1079:Father Christmas
884:Ballantine Books
862:Gold Medal Books
763:"picture novel"
661:Rodolphe Töpffer
614:
471:trade paperbacks
433:
426:
419:
405:
404:
305:Pakistani comics
285:
258:Hungarian comics
218:
211:Brazilian comics
188:
179:Argentine comics
49:
35:
31:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5105:
5093:
5081:
5067:Friends of Lulu
5029:
5023:
4981:
4975:
4922:
4901:
4827:
4826:Collections and
4817:
4791:manga magazines
4764:
4733:
4724:Manga magazines
4689:
4673:
4562:
4466:
4416:
4387:
4320:
4291:Talking animals
4267:
4228:Science fiction
4139:Anthropomorphic
4105:and narratology
4104:
4096:
4043:Years in comics
4025:
4002:
3966:Jewish American
3949:
3916:
3861:
3825:
3745:Trade paperback
3703:
3694:
3689:
3648:
3629:
3628:
3616:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3462:
3460:
3449:
3445:
3424:
3420:
3409:
3407:
3391:
3387:
3380:
3362:
3358:
3344:Yale University
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3301:
3297:
3280:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3236:
3232:
3223:
3219:
3194:
3190:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3149:Campbell, Eddie
3146:
3142:
3124:Lanham, Fritz.
3123:
3119:
3110:
3106:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3069:
3055:
3053:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2976:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2931:
2899:magazine letter
2893:
2886:
2876:
2872:
2853:
2849:
2839:
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2583:
2572:Mansion of Evil
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2325:Wayback Machine
2304:
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2284:
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2276:
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2248:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2230:Charlie Mensuel
2226:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2128:
2124:
2116:Merriam-Webster
2111:"graphic novel"
2109:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
1998:
1994:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1747:
1717:, published by
1665:
1600:, published by
1526:J. M. DeMatteis
1462:
1401:trade paperback
1330:
1322:Alfred A. Knopf
1247:trade paperback
1100:
1035:science fiction
1002:
979:Alberto Breccia
874:Harvey Kurtzman
866:Mansion of Evil
694:
645:
639:in the 1930s).
583:are stocked by
565:Merriam-Webster
561:
437:
399:
248:European comics
233:Croatian comics
228:Canadian comics
185:Bande dessinées
174:American comics
136:Trade paperback
54:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5197:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5174:Comics formats
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5154:Graphic novels
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5125:
5115:
5103:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5028:Charitable and
5025:
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5016:
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5006:
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4823:
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4818:
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4815:
4813:Limited series
4810:
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4794:
4793:
4788:
4778:
4772:
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4766:
4765:
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4752:
4750:Based on films
4747:
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4662:United Kingdom
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4578:
4576:Czech Republic
4572:
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4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4106:
4102:Comics studies
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4082:
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3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3789:Digital comics
3786:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3735:Ongoing series
3732:
3727:
3725:Limited series
3722:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3647:
3646:External links
3644:
3643:
3642:
3614:
3601:
3588:
3570:
3558:
3549:
3536:
3535:#1 (Dec. 2000)
3527:Couch, Chris.
3525:
3518:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3471:
3443:
3418:
3385:
3378:
3356:
3331:
3295:
3257:
3244:Amazing Heroes
3230:
3217:
3188:
3168:
3161:
3140:
3117:
3104:
3081:
3067:
3032:
3001:
2989:
2986:. p. 137.
2970:
2958:
2942:
2938:Graphic Novels
2929:
2884:
2870:
2847:
2820:
2802:
2785:NBM Publishing
2772:
2749:
2731:
2706:
2699:
2678:
2672:Panther's Rage
2664:Panther's Rage
2660:Fantastic Four
2644:Sacks, Jason.
2636:
2600:
2581:
2563:
2545:
2526:
2507:
2489:
2463:
2444:
2437:
2419:
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2187:
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2151:
2122:
2102:
2072:
2065:
2045:
2038:
2018:
1992:
1963:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1932:Wordless novel
1929:
1923:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1857:
1854:
1844:Craig Thompson
1746:
1743:
1731:NBM Publishing
1707:Writer-artist
1690:comics studies
1664:
1661:
1652:limited series
1618:Pulitzer Prize
1614:Art Spiegelman
1608:, respectively
1516:character the
1471:Marvel Preview
1329:
1326:
1202:NBM Publishing
1190:
1189:
1178:George Metzger
1175:
1168:Richard Corben
1159:
1118:Richard Corben
1099:
1096:
1074:Raymond Briggs
1014:Archie Goodwin
1001:
998:
931:Doctor Strange
895:Archie Goodwin
805:Fawcett Comics
705:Frans Masereel
693:
692:1920s to 1960s
690:
685:The Yellow Kid
644:
641:
617:Guido Buzzelli
560:
557:
515:Art Spiegelman
449:sequential art
439:
438:
436:
435:
428:
421:
413:
410:
409:
396:
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394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
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368:
360:
359:
355:
354:
353:
352:
347:
345:Turkish comics
342:
337:
335:Spanish comics
332:
327:
325:Serbian comics
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
300:Mexican comics
297:
292:
280:
275:
273:Italian comics
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
221:Welsh-language
216:British comics
213:
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176:
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76:
71:
63:
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60:Comics studies
56:
55:
52:Speech balloon
50:
42:
41:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5196:
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4929:
4927:Organizations
4925:
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4910:
4908:
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4779:
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4756:
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4751:
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4709:
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4456:
4455:United States
4453:
4451:
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4440:
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4436:
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4431:
4429:
4426:
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4409:
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4398:
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4382:
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4335:
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4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:Decompression
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4243:Tijuana bible
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4164:Comics poetry
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4093:
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4085:
4079:
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4056:
4055:
4054:
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4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3946:
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3941:
3938:
3934:
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3929:
3926:
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3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:Silent comics
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Graphic novel
3814:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3772:Sunday comics
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3741:
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3697:
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3666:
3663:
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3650:
3649:
3639:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3433:The Spectator
3429:
3422:
3405:
3401:
3400:Newsarama.com
3397:
3389:
3381:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3299:
3290:
3284:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:Thompson, Kim
3234:
3227:
3221:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3164:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3114:
3111:Moore letter
3108:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2974:
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2962:
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2905:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2889:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2840:September 13,
2835:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2702:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:Gravett, Paul
2682:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:Jungle Action
2665:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2609:Grant, Steven
2604:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2567:
2560:
2556:
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2549:
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1878:Artist's book
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1870:Comics portal
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1312:
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1277:
1276:direct market
1273:
1272:Eclipse Books
1269:
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1067:word balloons
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977:and drawn by
976:
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948:
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946:Jungle Action
942:
941:Black Panther
938:
937:
936:Strange Tales
932:
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920:
916:
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910:
909:Marvel Comics
906:
905:
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875:
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867:
863:
859:
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855:pulp novelist
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Leslie Waller
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
818:
815:produced the
814:
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797:
796:Citizen 13660
792:
791:public domain
788:
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747:
744:. Similarly,
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553:graphic novel
550:
547:in 1987. The
546:
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481:graphic novel
478:
477:Fan historian
474:
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453:graphic novel
450:
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318:
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315:Polish comics
313:
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263:Indian comics
261:
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139:
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126:Digital comic
124:
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108:Media formats
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33:Graphic novel
30:
26:
22:
4980:Critical and
4934:Professional
4719:Comic strips
4412:South Africa
4311:Supervillain
3847:Photo comics
3842:Motion comic
3815:
3794:Mobile comic
3720:Ashcan comic
3605:
3590:
3573:
3564:
3560:
3551:
3538:
3532:
3524:(n.d., 2004)
3512:
3502:Bibliography
3487:. Retrieved
3483:
3474:
3461:. Retrieved
3446:
3431:
3421:
3410:February 20,
3408:. Retrieved
3404:the original
3388:
3365:
3359:
3339:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3311:
3304:Weldon, Glen
3298:
3271:. Retrieved
3260:
3243:
3233:
3220:
3209:Serienbilder
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3171:
3152:
3143:
3129:
3120:
3112:
3107:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3075:
3070:
3054:. Retrieved
3050:the original
3045:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3004:
2996:
2992:
2982:. New York:
2979:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2924:
2913:R. C. Harvey
2902:
2896:
2878:
2873:
2865:the original
2860:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2823:
2810:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2775:
2762:
2752:
2739:
2734:
2721:The Guardian
2719:
2709:
2690:
2681:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2616:
2603:
2589:
2584:
2571:
2566:
2553:
2548:
2540:the original
2529:
2516:Comics Novel
2515:
2510:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2466:
2452:
2447:
2428:
2422:
2412:December 14,
2410:. Retrieved
2397:
2387:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2364:. Retrieved
2349:
2340:
2312:the original
2301:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2266:
2247:. Retrieved
2242:
2228:
2223:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:
2197:
2172:
2167:Kaplan, Arie
2161:
2138:
2135:Steve Lieber
2131:Gertler, Nat
2125:
2114:
2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2089:the original
2075:
2055:
2048:
2028:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
2005:
1995:
1953:
1946:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1821:
1810:
1807:Douglas Wolk
1804:
1797:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1764:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1723:
1712:
1709:Bryan Talbot
1706:
1702:comic albums
1693:
1685:
1682:stripverhaal
1681:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1656:
1648:Dave Gibbons
1637:
1631:
1621:
1611:
1597:
1584:World War II
1579:
1576:Sam Glanzman
1569:
1566:John J. Muth
1561:
1546:Charles Vess
1534:Frank Miller
1530:Steve Gerber
1514:pulp fiction
1509:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1412:
1407:edition) of
1398:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1370:'s magazine
1363:
1361:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1317:
1294:
1292:
1283:
1264:Don McGregor
1257:
1255:
1251:Pocket Books
1240:
1230:
1225:
1210:Racket Rumba
1209:
1191:
1181:
1161:
1153:
1146:visual novel
1134:Jim Steranko
1127:
1122:
1106:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1062:
1059:Shazam Award
1043:Bantam Books
1028:
1026:
1009:
1008:Detail from
987:
970:Vida del Che
968:
966:
959:
953:
951:
944:
934:
919:Steven Grant
912:
902:
888:
877:
869:
865:
850:
841:), penciler
835:Arnold Drake
831:pseudonymous
820:
817:digest-sized
809:Comics Novel
808:
794:
780:
778:
764:
761:digest-sized
749:
735:
729:
723:
718:
708:
695:
683:
676:
673:Caran d'Ache
668:
664:
654:
650:
649:
646:
634:
624:
600:
598:
562:
552:
551:began using
542:
539:Dave Gibbons
533:in 1986 and
528:
525:Frank Miller
518:
505:
499:
491:
480:
475:
460:
457:anthologized
452:
444:
442:
268:Irish comics
243:Dutch comics
238:Czech comics
183:
140:
100:Photo comics
29:
21:visual novel
5179:Novel forms
5133:WikiProject
4769:Other lists
4714:Comic books
4630:Netherlands
4536:Philippines
4248:Underground
4211:Non-fiction
4129:Alternative
3875:Cartoonists
3857:Text comics
3811:Gag cartoon
3767:Lianhuanhua
3752:Comic strip
2482:November 2,
2143:Alpha Books
1920:Livre d'art
1888:Comic album
1828:Giles Coren
1800:Neil Gaiman
1793:garbage man
1650:' 12-issue
1612:Cartoonist
1606:Titan Books
1558:Rick Veitch
1554:superheroes
1502:Mike Kaluta
1488:Jim Starlin
1409:Will Eisner
1368:Bill Spicer
1349:comic books
1341:Paul Gulacy
1268:Paul Gulacy
1266:and artist
1256:Similarly,
1150:Will Eisner
1142:digest size
1085:The Snowman
1082:(1972) and
990:John Updike
983:Che Guevara
927:Steve Ditko
671:. In 1894,
581:non-fiction
577:anthologies
573:comic books
496:Will Eisner
467:periodicals
451:. The term
371:Cartoonists
340:Thai comics
131:Gag cartoon
121:Comic strip
5148:Categories
4397:By country
4238:Teen humor
4073:Modern Age
4068:Bronze Age
4063:Silver Age
4058:Golden Age
3998:Macedonian
3973:Australian
3954:By country
3940:Minicomics
3837:Film comic
3830:Techniques
3715:Comic book
3608:. Austin.
3340:Chris Ware
3101:: 154–155.
2795:August 18,
2656:Spider-Man
1973:1141029685
1938:References
1817:Jeff Smith
1774: ..."
1761:believes:
1759:Alan Moore
1686:tegneserie
1644:Alan Moore
1562:Heartburst
1522:John Byrne
1506:Russ Heath
1496:) to #35 (
1364:Capa-Alpha
1311:cartoonist
1307:Jack Kirby
1284:Future Day
1262:by writer
1222:Enki Bilal
1109:(1976) by
1033:(1971), a
1000:Modern era
845:and inker
843:Matt Baker
807:published
787:comic-book
769:Matt Baker
726:Milt Gross
633:series as
615:(1967) by
607:Hugo Pratt
605:(1967) by
589:bookstores
559:Definition
535:Alan Moore
492:Capa-Alpha
462:comic book
381:Publishers
376:Collecting
116:Comic book
95:Cartooning
4738:By source
4729:Webcomics
4707:By format
4685:Australia
4488:Hong Kong
4428:Argentina
4306:Superhero
4263:Wrestling
4233:Superhero
4174:Dystopian
4149:Celebrity
4134:Ambiguous
4092:Webcomics
3945:Webcomics
3928:Editorial
3921:By format
3902:Letterers
3887:Colorists
3740:Minicomic
3632:cite book
3624:920966195
3489:April 24,
3392:Smith in
3324:April 16,
3273:March 20,
3025:April 16,
2936:Gravett,
2879:All-Flash
2629:March 20,
2522:dream SMP
2378:Le Figaro
2233:, as per
1981:cite book
1840:Ice Haven
1823:The Times
1789:neologism
1783:accepted.
1735:Casterman
1628:DC Comics
1620:-winning
1602:DC Comics
1460:Blackmark
1405:hardcover
1394:DC Comics
1357:All-Flash
1353:DC Comics
1233:Jack Katz
1218:detective
1163:Bloodstar
1107:Bloodstar
1063:Blackmark
1030:Blackmark
1020:-plotter
1010:Blackmark
933:story in
864:released
847:Ray Osrin
827:film noir
773:Ray Osrin
742:Max Ernst
719:Gods' Man
715:Lynd Ward
678:Le Figaro
594:story arc
585:libraries
358:Community
288:Hong Kong
69:Education
5123:Category
5030:outreach
4982:academic
4892:ToonSeum
4640:Portugal
4548:Thailand
4531:Pakistan
4421:Americas
4337:Feminist
4281:Antihero
4119:Abstract
4053:American
3988:Filipino
3978:Canadian
3961:American
3867:Creators
3799:Webcomic
3730:One-shot
3580:, 2004.
3463:June 21,
3457:Archived
3438:Archived
3318:Archived
3283:cite web
3184:Archived
3151:(2001).
3056:June 21,
3019:Archived
2861:NYC Plus
2834:Archived
2789:Archived
2726:Archived
2689:(2005).
2658:and the
2650:Archived
2623:Archived
2502:Archived
2476:Archived
2406:Archived
2360:Archived
2321:Archived
2287:cite web
2277:April 6,
2249:June 21,
2213:June 22,
2169:(2006).
2137:(2004).
2011:April 4,
1926:TankĹŤbon
1856:See also
1849:Blankets
1815:creator
1770:She-Hulk
1755:Watchmen
1639:Watchmen
1598:Watchmen
1303:Stan Lee
1280:Gene Day
1235:'s 1974
1022:Gil Kane
923:Stan Lee
899:magazine
891:Gil Kane
698:medieval
544:Watchmen
151:Webcomic
74:Glossary
5169:Digests
4906:Schools
4828:museums
4678:Oceania
4613:Ireland
4608:Hungary
4603:Germany
4596:Belgium
4581:Croatia
4558:Vietnam
4296:Masking
4258:Western
4216:Romance
4184:Fantasy
4035:History
3912:Writers
3892:Editors
3804:Webtoon
3782:Yonkoma
3708:Formats
3370:Vertigo
3215:format.
3178:at the
3113:Cerebus
2950:Cover,
2814:at the
2787:. n.d.
2743:at the
2594:at the
2575:at the
2557:at the
2520:at the
2366:July 9,
2095:July 9,
1826:writer
1798:Writer
1757:writer
1571:Dracula
1318:Tantrum
1239:series
961:Asterix
701:woodcut
643:History
489:fanzine
391:Writers
191:Belgium
156:Webtoon
87:Methods
79:History
4776:Awards
4645:Serbia
4635:Poland
4568:Europe
4553:Turkey
4450:Mexico
4443:Quebec
4438:Canada
4433:Brazil
4405:Africa
4325:Themes
4273:Tropes
4206:Horror
4196:Gekiga
4179:Erotic
4112:Genres
4078:events
3897:Inkers
3777:Topper
3692:Comics
3622:
3612:
3597:
3584:
3545:
3436:. UK.
3376:
3350:
3159:
2940:, p. 3
2724:. UK.
2697:
2592:#338 K
2458:
2435:
2374:Figaro
2245:. 2004
2185:
2149:
2063:
2036:
1971:
1961:
1894:Gekiga
1719:Proutt
1589:tale.
1548:, and
1518:Shadow
1504:, and
1463:'s
1115:artist
1049:
1018:artist
626:albums
621:comics
483:in an
366:Awards
295:Manhwa
283:Manhua
199:Quebec
195:France
39:Comics
4786:manga
4699:Lists
4667:Wales
4650:Spain
4618:Italy
4519:Korea
4512:lists
4507:Japan
4495:India
4301:Rogue
4169:Crime
4124:Adult
4007:Other
3983:Cuban
3563:, in
3205:tebeo
3201:cĂłmic
3197:comic
1587:naval
1377:manga
1337:Sabre
485:essay
386:Sales
278:Manga
4655:list
4623:list
4591:list
4541:list
4524:list
4500:list
4483:list
4471:Asia
4460:list
4347:LGBT
4221:list
4189:list
4019:list
3933:list
3880:list
3638:link
3620:OCLC
3610:ISBN
3595:ISBN
3582:ISBN
3543:ISBN
3514:Time
3491:2024
3465:2006
3412:2009
3374:ISBN
3348:ISBN
3326:2019
3289:link
3275:2007
3199:and
3157:ISBN
3058:2006
3046:Time
3027:2019
2925:Time
2904:Time
2897:Time
2894:Per
2842:2011
2797:2010
2695:ISBN
2631:2007
2484:2016
2456:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2414:2015
2368:2015
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