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fotonovela as informational pamphlets. The fotonovelas produced by these organizations present information in a variety of illustrated forms but usually contain a summation of key points at the end. Health educators have also utilized the fotonovela because the medium overcomes issues of health literacy, which is the degree to which individuals can obtain, process and understand basic health information to make appropriate health decisions, in their target audience. Most providers believe that health education materials designed specifically for patients with low health literacy would be helpful: however, written educational materials found in most health settings have been deemed to have serious deficiencies.
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the screenplays. They are a cost-effective way to adapt films and TV series into comics without the expense of commissioning illustrations, and were a way for consumers to revisit motion-picture stories before the widespread availability of affordable home recording and video playback equipment such as VCRs.
717:
In the United States, one of the common uses of photo comics has been TV and film adaptations, usually abridged for length. Still frames from the film or video are reproduced, often in simple grids but sometimes with creative layouts and cropping, overlaid with balloons with abbreviated dialogue from
630:
During the 1970s, lines of
American paperback books were marketed as "Fotonovels" and "Photostories", adapting popular films and television shows. Although home video largely supplanted this market in the 1980s, a small number of photo comic adaptations continued to be produced as promotional tie-ins
38:
730:
in
Spanish-language culture makes photo comics an effective vehicle for health promotion and health education. Since the small pamphlets can be traded among individuals, they possess an element of portability that traditional materials lack. Both health and non-health entities have utilized the
703:
Software applications such as Comic Life, Comic Strip It, and Strip
Designer, which allow users to add word balloons and sound effects to their personal photos and incorporate them into storytelling layouts, have revived some interest in the medium.
1018:
et al. frequently used the photo comics format for interviews and other features, notably in the case of two full-length photo comics "The Legend of Nick
Detroit" (#6, October 1976), and "Mutant Monster Beach Party" (#15, July/August
482:
Although far less common than illustrated comics, photo comics have filled certain niches in various places and times. For example, they have been used to adapt popular film and television works into print, tell original
699:
episodes – produced a series of "photonovel adventures" which combined stills from the series with original digitally rendered background illustrations and new dialogue, to produce new stories featuring the characters.
1908:
Schlichting, J., Quinn, M., Heuer, L., Schaefer, C., Drum, M., and Chin, M. (2007). Provider perception of limited health literacy in community health centers., Patient
Education & Counseling, vol. 69(1-3),
466:
using photographs rather than illustrations for the images, along with the usual comics conventions of narrative text and word balloons containing dialogue. They are sometimes referred to in
English as
2399:
640:
in the 1980s, and a few are still published. There are a number of photo newspaper strips in the UK and the form was popular in girl's comics in the 1980s. Boy's comics of the early 1980s such as
535:, and came to be associated primarily with film and television adaptations, which were marketed using those terms. Variations such as "photo funnies" and "photostories" have also been used.
3848:
604:
movie adaptations circulating in Latin
America and nearly three times as many original works. They remained popular in Mexico into the late 1980s, when 70 million copies of
3662:
1862:
U.S. Food and Drug
Administration. (2003). Carlos’ Tragic and Mysterious Illness – how Carlos almost died by eating contaminated raw oysters, College Park: MD.
1374:
1918:
Demir, F., Ozsaker, E., and Ilce, A.. (2008). The quality and suitability of written educational materials, Journal of
Clinical Nursing, vol.17 (2), 259-265.
515:
in
English referring specifically to that technique. By extension, comics which use a mixture of photographic and illustrated imagery have been described as
487:, and provide medical education. Photo comics have been popular at times in Italy and Latin America, and to a lesser extent in English-speaking countries.
1358:
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magazine, which ran humorous photo stories from 1960 to 1965. Similar "Foto Funnies" – often featuring female nudity – were a regular feature of
3853:
1350:
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1818:
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3614:
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The technique spread to Latin America, first adapting popular films, then for original stories. By the 1960s, there were about two dozen
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by Stephen Saperstein Frug, which used color photographs, sometimes intentionally blurred, to tell the story of a character with
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ran from 1966 through 1969, and was reprinted in other countries; it has been reprinted and revived numerous times since then.
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479:, and similar terms. The photographs may be of real people in staged scenes, or posed dolls and other toys on sets.
3916:
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2837:
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1103:
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is a French cartoonist who takes photographs or makes photocopies, which he then changes with colors and pencil.
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695:
89:
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2011:
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507:), which refers in that language to any kind of comics. Because of the popularity of photo comics in Italy,
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439:
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1986:
1215:
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3694:
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3150:
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559:
1481:"John Kenneth Muir's Reflections on Cult Movies and Classic TV: Retro Toy Flashback # 16: Photonovels"
764:
Twisted Kaiju Theater by Sean McGuinness, a webcomic which uses various Godzilla and other kaiju toys.
685:
gave the first award for "Outstanding Photographic Comic". In 2010 and 2011 the bilingual photo comic
3400:
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2932:
2927:
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was nominated for the "Web-Sonderman"-Awards for the best German webcomic. In the 2010s, cartoonist
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646:
2154:
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2107:"Urbanus (De Stripheld) / Unieke Albums / Urbanus Luxe Albums Met Plaat / 50. De Hete Urbanus"
1576:
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mini-series written by Alex Finch and starring Ian Lane, Chloe Taylor and Christopher Denton.
391:
381:
236:
1896:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment – Office of Health Disparities (2008).
527:– referring to popular photo-comics melodramas in Latin America – was adapted in English as
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3201:
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2787:
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1522:
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815:
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345:
1886:"The Agua Pura Fotonovela Project: Latino Community Engagement in Water Quality Education"
1740:
495:
The terminology used to describe photo comics is somewhat inconsistent and idiosyncratic.
8:
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84:
2296:"Anime-zing! Announces Cristina Vee and Trevor Mueller [4319] | Convention News"
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Photo comics emerged in Italy in the 1940s and expanded into the 1950s. (Actress
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20:
2400:"An Ithaca Comic Experience: Another locally produced, locally set comic book"
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2423:
Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime (A MusiComic Manifesto)
2378:
611:
Photo comics first became successful in the United States and Canada with
3407:
2716:
2670:
2626:
2611:
1143:
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1041:
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refers to several genres of photo comics, including original melodramas.
355:
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136:
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appearing in sequential photographs, telling jokes (presumably from the
3112:
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2696:
2574:
1690:"Italy's Fumetti: Curiously Sophisticated Pulp Comics - Print Magazine"
1444:
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also experimented with photo comics but without much success; when the
386:
131:
1716:
3165:
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1966:
1406:
888:
484:
19:"Fumetto" and "Fumetti" redirect here. For comics made in Italy, see
1928:
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3140:
2761:
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2658:
1850:
1054:
799:
656:
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worked for a time as a model.) The lurid Italian crime photo comic
512:
166:
37:
3955:
2015:
1987:"'Alien Loves Predator' Creator Reviews 'Alien vs. Predator' Game"
1424:
911:
once made a one-shot photo comic strip parodying their own series
417:
2663:
2641:
1601:
1003:
884:
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171:
110:
62:
3967:
2494:
The film photonovel: a cultural history of forgotten adaptations
2447:
1670:"The Art of Fotoromanzo on View at Casa Italiana Zerilli Marimo"
776:
figurines and sets, as well as speech balloons and caption boxes
3849:
Association des Critiques et des journalistes de Bande Dessinée
3378:
3337:
3055:
2551:
1967:"Alien Loves Predator: In New York, no one can hear you scream"
310:
298:
54:
1762:"Comicpreis Sondermann 2010: Vorsicht, freilaufende Frisuren!"
895:
made some one-shot photo comics in the 1980s for the magazine
838:
3366:
2756:
1050:
293:
2036:
1794:"IDW's John Byrne Photonovel, Made Out of Mudd, Out Dec. 10"
2131:"Urbanus (De Komiek) / Fotostrips / De Lastige Krapuultjes"
1946:
897:
773:
756:
2275:"Trevor Mueller from @$ $ hole! - 144 | Two Geeks Talking"
2520:
2421:
1464:
Comics through Time: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas
558:
There were attempts at photo comics in the early days of
503:
word (literally "little puffs of smoke", in reference to
47:, an Italian photo comic series published since the 1960s
1466:, Bloomsbury, 2014, p. 1821 ("Webcomics and New Media").
681:
are more recent examples of photo comics. In 2007, the
2473:"To Boldly Go Where No Screen Capture Has Gone Before"
1853:. Studies in Latin American Popular Culture, 4, 84-94.
634:
Photo comics were common in British magazines such as
772:, stories from the Bible illustrated using photos of
1420:
26:"Fotonovela" redirects here. For the 2008 film, see
1000:Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime
3864:Comic & Fantasy Art Amateur Press Association
4005:
1628:The Comics Journal Library: Zap — The Interviews
693:– inspired by 1970s photo comics adaptations of
654:was revamped, former photo comic strips such as
3663:Comics and comic strips made into feature films
917:with themselves dressed up as their characters.
3854:Canadian Comic Book Creator Awards Association
3742:Michigan State University Comic Art Collection
538:In Italian, a photo comic is referred to as a
2536:
1474:
1472:
440:
1873:Using Fiction in a Real Fight Against Drugs.
1819:"Transforming Your Photos Into Comic Strips"
2496:, Austin: University of Texas Press, 2019,
2155:"Urbanus (De Komiek) / Fotostrips / Nestor"
1485:reflectionsonfilmandtelevision.blogspot.com
835:by Anthony van Winkle and Eli Black-Mizuta.
712:
584:scripts) with speech bubbles superimposed.
562:in the United States; as early as 1927 the
546:). In Spanish-speaking countries, the term
3902:British Amateur Press Association (comics)
3700:Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum
2543:
2529:
2426:. Stanford University Press. p. 488.
2058:"Comic Book Review: The Chefs of Death #1"
1898:Glossary of a Few Key Public Health Terms.
1469:
1306:published by West Cape Corporation in 1983
976:The work of Dutch Internet artist Kakhiel.
447:
433:
3897:Academy of Comic-Book Fans and Collectors
3811:Association of Comics Magazine Publishers
2512:NECSUS: European Journal of Media Studies
1625:Groth, Gary; Dean, Michael (2015-01-15).
1624:
1257:
1171:(1986), adapted by Robert and Louise Egan
3859:Canadian Society for the Study of Comics
743:
739:
36:
2313:
2311:
1479:Muir, John Kenneth (10 November 2005).
627:magazine beginning in the early 1970s.
4006:
1871:Associated Press (2006, November 24).
1759:
1441:, an alternative term for photo comics
3717:Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel
2524:
2470:
2055:
1884:Marzolla, A. and Yau, A. (2007, Nov)
1843:
1816:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1664:
1662:
1244:, edited by Richard J. Anobile (1980)
3668:Comics solicited but never published
2419:
2379:"Happenstance: a photographic novel"
2308:
1849:Flora, C. (1985). The fotonovela in
1571:
1569:
1567:
1478:
856:by Dutch comics artist Ype Driessen.
3988:
3816:Australian Cartoonists' Association
3806:Association of Canadian Cartoonists
1023:
996:(the inability to recognize faces).
734:
13:
2508:"The photo-novel, a minor medium?"
2486:
2037:"Night Zero: A Photographic Novel"
1703:
1659:
1552:www.paladinknightentertainment.com
1112:Close Encounters of the Third Kind
14:
4040:
1564:
1491:
660:continued as illustrated strips.
519:("half" fumetti). Meanwhile, the
3987:
3978:
3977:
3966:
3954:
3917:Comic Legends Legal Defense Fund
3831:Samahang Kartunista ng Pilipinas
3732:Fred Waring's Cartoon Collection
1741:"Outstanding Photographic Comic"
1714:
1577:"Star Trek Fotonovels (1977-78)"
1423:
1314:– Twelve episodes were adapted.
1262:(Many marketed as "Fotonovels")
1028:(Many marketed as "Fotonovels")
707:
416:
61:
3747:Museum of Comic and Cartoon Art
2464:
2440:
2413:
2392:
2371:
2353:
2335:
2288:
2267:
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2219:
2195:
2171:
2147:
2123:
2099:
2075:
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2029:
2004:
1979:
1959:
1939:
1921:
1912:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1865:
1856:
1810:
1786:
1753:
1733:
1682:
1319:The City on the Edge of Forever
1249:Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan
1072:Buck Rogers in the 25th Century
939:Christopher's Punctured Romance
3821:Comic Art Professional Society
2561:Glossary of comics terminology
2056:Brown, Jason (July 11, 2023).
1645:
1618:
1594:
1548:"Paladin Knight Entertainment"
1540:
1515:
1456:
1253:, by Richard J. Anobile (1982)
1152:Invasion of the Body Snatchers
726:The widespread familiarity of
721:
683:Web Cartoonist's Choice Awards
490:
1:
3912:Comic Book Legal Defense Fund
1760:Pannor, Stefan (2010-09-03).
1450:
1240:Star Trek: The Motion Picture
1224:The Rocky Horror Picture Show
1104:Cheech and Chong's Next Movie
181:Comics by country and culture
3826:National Cartoonists Society
3615:Based on television programs
1327:Where No Man Has Gone Before
7:
3757:Words & Pictures Museum
2448:"PunkMagazine.com Homepage"
1416:
1216:Revenge of the Pink Panther
755:consists of photographs of
10:
4045:
3801:Academy of Comic Book Arts
3773:Center for Cartoon Studies
3695:Belgian Comic Strip Center
2550:
1656:, December 13, 1927, p. 32
1402:, published September 1978
1037:(1979 film) (large format)
553:
25:
18:
3949:
3907:Club des bandes dessinées
3887:
3839:
3793:
3786:
3765:
3685:
3641:Best-selling comic series
3628:
3597:
3566:
3557:
3537:
3426:
3330:
3280:
3264:
3255:
3219:Portrayal of black people
3184:
3131:
2971:
2960:
2893:
2866:
2813:
2780:
2725:
2689:
2567:
2558:
2477:bullyscomics.blogspot.com
2471:Bully (11 October 2007).
1817:Eaton, Kit (2014-05-14).
1602:"The Photonovel Alliance"
1354:, published February 1978
1338:, published December 1977
1335:The Trouble with Tribbles
1330:, published November 1977
1322:, published November 1977
925:Little Man and Little Man
608:were printed each month.
30:. For the Ivan song, see
1410:, published October 1978
1346:, published January 1978
973:by Nix and Bart Schoofs.
965:Kwakzalver en Knettergek
713:TV and movie adaptations
3712:British Cartoon Archive
3705:National Cartoon Museum
1631:. Fantagraphics Books.
1462:M. Keith Booker (ed.),
1394:, published August 1978
1303:Space Battleship Yamato
542:("photonovel", plural:
464:sequential storytelling
3922:Finnish Comics Society
3879:Svenska Serieakademien
3869:Comics Studies Society
3737:Gibiteca Antonio Gobbo
3241:Women in Refrigerators
3236:The Hawkeye Initiative
2874:Female comics creators
1606:photonovelalliance.com
1362:, published March 1978
1258:Television adaptations
1168:Little Shop of Horrors
760:
663:Online series such as
631:to the original work.
48:
3658:Comic books on CD/DVD
2908:Comics historiography
1947:"A Softer World: 332"
1715:RWHP, Nikki Edwards.
1386:, published July 1978
1383:The Devil in the Dark
1378:, published June 1978
1375:A Piece of the Action
1343:A Taste of Armageddon
1300:. English version of
1211:(1981) (large format)
1176:The Lord of the Rings
747:
740:Original photo comics
41:Cover of an issue of
40:
3874:Sequart Organization
3620:Based on video games
3202:Gender and webcomics
2767:Publishing companies
2452:www.punkmagazine.com
1370:, published May 1978
1268:Battlestar Galactica
1232:Saturday Night Fever
1080:Can't Stop the Music
971:God en Klein Pierken
921:Mannetje en Mannetje
816:Alien Loves Predator
678:Alien Loves Predator
346:South African comics
3932:The Hero Initiative
3212:American mainstream
3014:Comics in education
2617:Comic strip formats
2062:Mid-Life Gamer Geek
1875:The New York Times.
1717:"RWHP - Fotonovela"
1653:New York Daily News
1283:The Incredible Hulk
1063:Blair Witch Project
982:by Fjodor Buis and
914:Les Tuniques Bleues
859:The one-shot album
753:Irregular Webcomic!
644:and the relaunched
565:New York Daily News
4019:Comics terminology
3973:Cartoon portal
3727:The Cartoon Museum
3722:Cartoon Art Museum
3446:France and Belgium
3231:Portrayal of women
3224:African characters
3192:Ethnic stereotypes
2012:"Undertoad Comics"
1823:The New York Times
1499:"The Photoromance"
1359:All Our Yesterdays
1184:Love at First Bite
839:The Chefs Of Death
761:
49:
4001:
4000:
3961:Comics portal
3945:
3944:
3778:The Kubert School
3681:
3680:
3553:
3552:
3251:
3250:
3176:Widescreen comics
3019:Comics journalism
2889:
2888:
2681:Political cartoon
2622:Daily comic strip
2502:978-1-4773-1822-5
2433:978-1-5036-0052-2
2420:Wang, Ge (2018).
2361:"Thé Tjong-Khing"
2179:"Louis Salvérius"
2159:www.urbanusfan.be
2135:www.urbanusfan.be
2111:www.urbanusfan.be
1367:The Galileo Seven
1053:and the Complete
961:by Trevor Mueller
457:
456:
423:Comics portal
366:Vietnamese comics
336:Portuguese comics
326:Philippine comics
307:
240:
222:Australian comics
218:
162:Political cartoon
32:Fotonovela (song)
28:Fotonovela (film)
4036:
3991:
3990:
3981:
3980:
3971:
3970:
3959:
3958:
3937:Xeric Foundation
3791:
3790:
3605:Based on fiction
3564:
3563:
3338:China and Taiwan
3262:
3261:
3061:Graphic medicine
3004:Autobiographical
2969:
2968:
2947:Japanese (manga)
2853:Japanese (manga)
2778:
2777:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2517:(1), April 2012.
2481:
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2213:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2014:. Archived from
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1712:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1573:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1476:
1467:
1460:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1399:The Deadly Years
1290:Mork & Mindy
1242:: The Photostory
1096:Charlie's Angels
1024:Film adaptations
824:Transparent Life
795:and Emily Horne.
749:David Morgan-Mar
735:Notable examples
624:National Lampoon
570:Ziegfeld Follies
449:
442:
435:
421:
420:
321:Pakistani comics
301:
274:Hungarian comics
234:
227:Brazilian comics
204:
195:Argentine comics
65:
51:
50:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4024:Lists of novels
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3965:
3953:
3941:
3927:Friends of Lulu
3889:
3883:
3841:
3835:
3782:
3761:
3687:
3686:Collections and
3677:
3651:manga magazines
3624:
3593:
3584:Manga magazines
3549:
3533:
3422:
3326:
3276:
3247:
3180:
3151:Talking animals
3127:
3088:Science fiction
2999:Anthropomorphic
2965:and narratology
2964:
2956:
2903:Years in comics
2885:
2862:
2826:Jewish American
2809:
2776:
2721:
2685:
2605:Trade paperback
2563:
2554:
2549:
2489:
2487:Further reading
2484:
2469:
2465:
2456:
2454:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2403:
2402:. 29 March 2020
2398:
2397:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2235:
2233:
2227:"Terry Gilliam"
2225:
2224:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2091:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1991:Comics Alliance
1985:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1815:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1758:
1754:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1723:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1650:
1646:
1639:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1527:www.behance.net
1521:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1429:
1422:
1419:
1391:Day of the Dove
1260:
1136:Heaven Can Wait
1026:
984:Thé Tjong-Khing
905:Louis Salvérius
865:The Hot Urbanus
861:De Hete Urbanus
827:by Charlie Beck
769:The Brick Bible
742:
737:
724:
715:
710:
687:Union of Heroes
613:Harvey Kurtzman
556:
493:
453:
415:
264:European comics
249:Croatian comics
244:Canadian comics
201:Bande dessinées
190:American comics
152:Trade paperback
70:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4042:
4032:
4031:
4029:Comics formats
4026:
4021:
4016:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3985:
3975:
3963:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3888:Charitable and
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3673:Limited series
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Based on films
3607:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3522:United Kingdom
3519:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3438:
3436:Czech Republic
3432:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2966:
2962:Comics studies
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2782:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2649:Digital comics
2646:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Ongoing series
2592:
2587:
2585:Limited series
2582:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2504:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2463:
2439:
2432:
2412:
2391:
2370:
2352:
2334:
2307:
2287:
2266:
2242:
2218:
2203:"Peter de Wit"
2194:
2170:
2146:
2122:
2098:
2083:"Ype Driessen"
2074:
2048:
2028:
2003:
1993:. 8 March 2010
1978:
1958:
1938:
1920:
1911:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1864:
1855:
1842:
1809:
1785:
1752:
1732:
1702:
1681:
1658:
1644:
1637:
1617:
1593:
1581:TAINT THE MEAT
1563:
1539:
1514:
1490:
1468:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1307:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1156:
1148:
1140:
1132:
1124:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1059:
1046:
1038:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1016:John Holmstrom
1007:
997:
987:
977:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
936:
918:
902:
882:
875:Willy Linthout
857:
842:
836:
828:
820:
819:by Bernie Hou.
812:
796:
788:A Softer World
784:
777:
765:
741:
738:
736:
733:
723:
720:
714:
711:
709:
706:
672:A Softer World
555:
552:
492:
489:
462:are a form of
455:
454:
452:
451:
444:
437:
429:
426:
425:
412:
411:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
376:
375:
371:
370:
369:
368:
363:
361:Turkish comics
358:
353:
351:Spanish comics
348:
343:
341:Serbian comics
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
316:Mexican comics
313:
308:
296:
291:
289:Italian comics
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
237:Welsh-language
232:British comics
229:
224:
219:
197:
192:
184:
183:
177:
176:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
126:
125:
121:
120:
119:
118:
113:
105:
104:
100:
99:
98:
97:
92:
87:
79:
78:
76:Comics studies
72:
71:
68:Speech balloon
66:
58:
57:
21:Italian comics
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4041:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
3994:
3986:
3984:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:Organizations
3785:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3684:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3315:United States
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Decompression
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Tijuana bible
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Comics poetry
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Silent comics
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
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2580:Ashcan comic
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2277:. 2010-12-27
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2251:"Jean Teulé"
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1798:StarTrek.com
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1721:www.rwhp.org
1720:
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1692:. 2012-06-19
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1583:. 2014-05-02
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284:Irish comics
259:Dutch comics
254:Czech comics
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116:Photo comics
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4014:Photocomics
3993:WikiProject
3629:Other lists
3574:Comic books
3490:Netherlands
3396:Philippines
3108:Underground
3071:Non-fiction
2989:Alternative
2735:Cartoonists
2717:Text comics
2671:Gag cartoon
2627:Lianhuanhua
2612:Comic strip
2365:lambiek.net
2347:lambiek.net
2323:lambiek.net
2255:lambiek.net
2231:lambiek.net
2207:lambiek.net
2183:lambiek.net
2087:lambiek.net
1929:"SADISTIK!"
1766:Der Spiegel
1144:Ice Castles
1042:Americathon
947:John Cleese
945:, starring
844:The series
809:John Wagner
793:Joey Comeau
728:fotonovelas
722:Educational
642:Load Runner
606:fotonovelas
544:fotoromanzi
540:fotoromanzo
491:Terminology
473:photonovels
387:Cartoonists
356:Thai comics
147:Gag cartoon
137:Comic strip
16:Comic style
4008:Categories
3257:By country
3098:Teen humor
2933:Modern Age
2928:Bronze Age
2923:Silver Age
2918:Golden Age
2858:Macedonian
2833:Australian
2814:By country
2800:Minicomics
2697:Film comic
2690:Techniques
2575:Comic book
2457:2021-04-20
2406:2021-02-17
2385:2021-02-17
2328:2017-08-05
2301:2016-09-09
2281:2016-09-09
2260:2017-08-05
2236:2017-08-05
2212:2017-08-05
2188:2017-08-05
2164:2017-08-05
2140:2017-08-05
2116:2017-08-05
2092:2017-08-05
2067:August 30,
2042:2008-10-02
2022:2008-07-24
1997:2016-09-09
1972:2008-07-24
1952:2008-07-24
1836:2016-09-09
1803:2017-02-22
1779:2021-12-10
1746:2008-07-24
1726:2016-09-09
1696:2016-09-09
1675:2016-09-09
1611:2018-08-21
1587:2017-12-07
1557:2018-08-21
1533:2017-12-08
1529:. May 2017
1508:2022-09-03
1451:References
1445:Film comic
1276:Doctor Who
1002:a book by
953:Jean Teulé
929:Hanco Kolk
893:Herr Seele
873:series by
832:Night Zero
805:Alan Grant
691:John Byrne
666:Night Zero
602:fotonovela
548:fotonovela
533:photonovel
525:fotonovela
485:melodramas
397:Publishers
392:Collecting
132:Comic book
111:Cartooning
3598:By source
3589:Webcomics
3567:By format
3545:Australia
3348:Hong Kong
3288:Argentina
3166:Superhero
3123:Wrestling
3093:Superhero
3034:Dystopian
3009:Celebrity
2994:Ambiguous
2952:Webcomics
2805:Webcomics
2788:Editorial
2781:By format
2762:Letterers
2747:Colorists
2600:Minicomic
2343:"Kakhiel"
1831:0362-4331
1774:2195-1349
1523:"Behance"
1503:MIT Press
1407:Amok Time
1311:Star Trek
1200:Nightwing
1192:Nashville
1088:The Champ
959:@$ $ hole
889:Kamagurka
867:) in the
696:Star Trek
568:featured
529:fotonovel
511:became a
374:Community
304:Hong Kong
85:Education
3983:Category
3890:outreach
3842:academic
3752:ToonSeum
3500:Portugal
3408:Thailand
3391:Pakistan
3281:Americas
3197:Feminist
3141:Antihero
2979:Abstract
2913:American
2848:Filipino
2838:Canadian
2821:American
2727:Creators
2659:Webcomic
2590:One-shot
1909:114-120.
1417:See also
1160:The Jerk
1055:Rocky II
800:Doomlord
759:figures.
657:Doomlord
560:tabloids
513:loanword
167:Webcomic
90:Glossary
3766:Schools
3688:museums
3538:Oceania
3473:Ireland
3468:Hungary
3463:Germany
3456:Belgium
3441:Croatia
3418:Vietnam
3156:Masking
3118:Western
3076:Romance
3044:Fantasy
2895:History
2772:Writers
2752:Editors
2664:Webtoon
2642:Yonkoma
2568:Formats
1851:America
1208:Outland
1004:Ge Wang
967:by Nix.
885:Urbanus
879:Urbanus
870:Urbanus
781:Killing
594:Killing
582:Follies
554:History
521:Spanish
509:fumetti
501:Italian
497:Fumetti
469:fumetti
407:Writers
207:Belgium
172:Webtoon
103:Methods
95:History
44:Killing
3636:Awards
3505:Serbia
3495:Poland
3428:Europe
3413:Turkey
3310:Mexico
3303:Quebec
3298:Canada
3293:Brazil
3265:Africa
3185:Themes
3133:Tropes
3066:Horror
3056:Gekiga
3039:Erotic
2972:Genres
2938:events
2757:Inkers
2637:Topper
2552:Comics
2500:
2430:
1829:
1772:
1635:
1235:(1977)
1227:(1975)
1219:(1979)
1203:(1979)
1195:(1975)
1187:(1979)
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1163:(1979)
1155:(1978)
1147:(1978)
1139:(1978)
1131:(1979)
1123:(1978)
1120:Grease
1115:(1977)
1107:(1980)
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1067:(2000)
1058:(1979)
1045:(1979)
1019:1978).
675:, and
637:Jackie
572:stars
499:is an
382:Awards
311:Manhwa
299:Manhua
215:Quebec
211:France
55:Comics
3646:manga
3559:Lists
3527:Wales
3510:Spain
3478:Italy
3379:Korea
3372:lists
3367:Japan
3355:India
3161:Rogue
3029:Crime
2984:Adult
2867:Other
2843:Cuban
2319:"Nix"
1065:, The
1051:Rocky
1034:Alien
927:) by
846:3hoog
652:Eagle
647:Eagle
618:Help!
523:term
402:Sales
294:Manga
3515:list
3483:list
3451:list
3401:list
3384:list
3360:list
3343:list
3331:Asia
3320:list
3207:LGBT
3081:list
3049:list
2879:list
2793:list
2740:list
2498:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2069:2024
1827:ISSN
1770:ISSN
1633:ISBN
1128:Hair
1011:Punk
931:and
907:and
898:Humo
891:and
877:and
852:and
807:and
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3113:War
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