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135:, 'spotted'. The pard itself is described as being maneless like the female lion with a distinct odor. Pliny also states that the sexual passion between the pard and lioness is so violent that it enrages the male lion, who will often seek revenge on a lioness when smelling the pard. Because of this, the lioness will wash the pard's scent from her or follow the pride at a distance after mating.
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It wasn't until the 13th century that pards acquired their mythical reputation for being bloodthirsty and almost demonic creatures, primarily thanks to the MS Bodley 764 Bestiary. In this, their spots were said to symbolize sins, the devil, or even the variety of vices in mankind. It even claims that
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oppositely describe the pard (borrowing in this case from the panther) as a beautiful and gentle creature whose only enemy is the dragon. It's said to sleep for three days after filling its stomach and arise, carrying with it a sweet scent from its mouth which attracts all animals except the dragon.
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Its roar is said to terrify the dragon into fleeing to its den. In this bestiary, the creature is said to symbolize Jesus Christ who opposes the devil. It also features the most accurate illustrations of it, depicting a creature with dark fur, spots, and no mane.
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like a giraffe's. He goes on to describe them as being "headlong for blood" by being capable of killing their prey in a single leap. The author references Pliny the Elder's work by reaffirming that pards were the sires of cheetahs from lionesses.
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Over the years, there have been many different depictions of the creature including some adaptations with and without manes and some in later years with shorter tails. However, one consistent representation shows them as large
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the
Antichrist comes in the form of a pard. Despite the mention of their spots, in this bestiary pards are often illustrated without spots. Instead, they're colored and maned like a lion with a human-like, grinning face.
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Finally, by the 1700s, despite centuries of confusion, scientists understood cheetahs and leopards to be their own, independent species of cat and not the offspring of pards and lions.
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By the medieval era, pards were commonplace in books and artwork where various depictions of them are shown (some even including "bearded manes"). In the seventh-century book
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Depiction of a "panther" from the
Aberdeen Bestiary 1200 AD. Pards are now believed to be leopards / black panthers.
85:(though he does not have a clearly separate word for this animal) which were believed to be a hybrid animal (like
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One of the earliest known references to this creature appears in Pliny the Elder's book
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Nicholas, Nick (1999). "A Conundrum of Cats: Pards and their
Relatives in Byzantium".
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By the 14th century, they are characterized again as a real animal. The
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Yet ironically, in the same century, different writers of the
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393:"Natural History (Ch 17: "Lions: How they are Produced")"
97:and the pard, i.e. the leopard. In fact, the word
93:) resulting from the union between a promiscuous
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444:"Just About Everything We Know About the Pard"
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370:. New York: Greenwich House. p. 349.
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324:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 1069.
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420:"The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville"
350:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 884.
267:The pard is mentioned in Shakespeare's
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509:Medieval European legendary creatures
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186:and that the creature often lives in
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48:: πάρδος) is the Greek word for the
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464:. University of Aberdeen
458:"The Abberdeen Bestiary"
316:& Short, C. (1879).
397:Perseus Digital Library
348:A Greek–English Lexicon
129:(Greek for 'lion') and
462:University of Aberdeen
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16:Greek word for leopard
418:of Seville, Isidore.
263:In English literature
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35:Pard (disambiguation)
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514:Mythological felines
33:For other uses, see
484:The Free Dictionary
23:A leopard from the
399:. Tufts University
391:the Elder, Pliny.
322:A Latin Dictionary
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144:Isidore of Seville
69:often with spots.
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377:978-0-517-41425-5
201:The English noun
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118:λεοντόπαρδος
112:leontopardos
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318:"lěǒpardus"
140:Etymologies
29:manuscript.
498:Categories
302:: 253–298.
281:References
275:John Keats
214:Old French
180:Quadrupeds
54:bestiaries
340:Scott, R.
197:Etymology
176:Byzantine
106:λεόπαρδος
100:leopardos
364:(1983).
342:(1889).
249:purdhank
188:quarries
60:'s book
253:Persian
246:Sogdian
242:Iranian
223:, from
212:, from
148:mottled
95:lioness
83:cheetah
73:History
67:felines
56:and in
50:leopard
486:– Pard
468:23 May
428:23 May
403:23 May
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338:&
257:palang
234:párdos
229:πάρδος
221:pardus
184:lynx's
132:pardos
91:ligers
423:(PDF)
255:پلنگ
225:Greek
218:Latin
210:parde
109:) or
87:mules
470:2020
430:2020
405:2020
372:ISBN
251:and
238:pard
216:via
203:pard
42:pard
125:leo
89:or
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