754:
33:
243:
from 1998 to 2003. Following a series of disputes with Kagame, Bizimungu resigned in 2000, whereupon he was succeeded by Kagame. The following year, Bizimungu founded the Party for
Democratic Renewal, which was immediately banned by Kagame's new government. In 2004, Bizimungu was sentenced to fifteen
364:
for continuing the operations of the party on 19 April 2002 and charged with endangering the state. On 7 June 2004 he was sentenced to 15 years in prison for attempting to form a militia, inciting violence, and embezzlement. He received a five-year sentence for each of these convictions, which were
325:
During
Bizimungu's administration, many believed that he was merely a figurehead, and Kagame held the real power. Bizimungu soon found himself in conflict with Kagame over what Bizimungu argued was unjustified repression of dissent. Critics accused Bizimungu of corruption, alleging that he had
326:
blocked
Parliament's attempts to censure corrupt ministers, refused to pay compensation to evicted residents on one of his building sites, and dodged Rwandan taxes by registering two of his trucks in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
332:
Weeks before
Bizimungu resigned, his adviser, Assiel Kabera, was killed outside his home by men in military uniforms. It has been alleged that Kabera, a genocide survivor, was killed on the orders of Paul Kagame.
234:
leader throughout his presidency. Bizumungu's presidency was marked by the reconstruction of the country in the wake of the civil war and genocide, as well as the country's support for rebel groups in the
342:
815:
593:
368:
On 17 February 2006, Bizimungu's appeal, based on the fact that he was convicted of crimes different from those with which he was initially charged, was denied by the
Supreme Court.
218:(RPF) rebel group against Habyarimana in 1990 following the death of his brother seemingly under the orders of Habyarimana's government. After the RPF's victory in the
371:
He was released on 6 April 2007, having been pardoned by Kagame. Kagame gave no explanation of the pardon. As of April 2011, PDR co-founder and later co-defendant
264:, Bizimungu had ties to radical anti-Tutsi groups as a student in the 1970s, but later joined the RPF. He served as President of Rwanda after the 1994 genocide.
830:
375:
remained in prison, and was named an
Amnesty International "priority case." However, he was released on 1 March 2012 after serving his full ten-year sentence.
820:
494:
273:
698:
597:
800:
244:
years in prison for attempting to form a militia, inciting violence, and embezzlement, but was pardoned three years later by Kagame.
825:
349:. It was almost immediately banned by the government, which accused it of being a radical Hutu party. Bizimungu was arrested, and
810:
383:
Bizimungu's wife is SĂ©raphine
Utamuliza. He has one son, and two daughters, Alexander Tabara, Nicole Tamara, and Carine Cyuzuzo.
533:
280:. During this period, he held several positions, including director-general of Electrogaz, the national electricity company.
753:
295:. Bizimungu lived in exile in Belgium, serving as the party's information officer. In 1993, he helped negotiate the 1993
691:
435:
329:
Bizimungu resigned in March 2000 in a dispute over the make-up of a new cabinet, and Kagame became president.
805:
684:
180:
790:
707:
658:
502:
291:, was murdered. At the time, the RPF was just beginning its invasion of Rwanda from Uganda, starting the
75:
314:
In July 1994 the RPF gained control of the country and established a national unity government. The
276:
government which ruled Rwanda until 1994. Prior to 1990, Bizimungu had close ties to Hutu president
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649:
105:
296:
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After
Habyarimana's death in a plane crash on 6 April 1994, ethnic extremists unleashed the
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780:
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526:
Do Not
Disturb: The Story of a Political Murder and an African Regime Gone Bad
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as vice-president and minister of defense, who was seen as the country's
227:
117:
93:
676:
226:, Bizimungu became the new president of the country with RPF commander
175:
621:"Rwanda: Prisoner of Conscience Released After Decade in Detention"
199:(born April 1950) is a Rwandan politician who served as the third
257:
138:
322:, was chosen as vice president, and Bizimungu became president.
206:
Bizimungu had previously held several positions under
President
253:
211:
816:
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Rwanda
152:
341:
In May 2001, Bizimungu founded a new political party, the
203:, holding office from 19 July 1994 until 23 March 2000.
550:"Rwanda: Number of prisoners of conscience on the rise"
618:
272:
In the 1980s and 1990s, Bizimungu worked within the
772:
260:prefecture of Rwanda. According to the academic
336:
594:"Charles Ntakirutinka, prisoner of conscience"
492:
831:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
692:
821:Recipients of Rwandan presidential pardons
699:
685:
287:(RPF) after his brother, a colonel in the
31:
495:"Rwanda's ex-president freed from prison"
706:
461:
459:
457:
436:"The Three Victors Who Will Lead Rwanda"
596:. Amnesty International. Archived from
408:
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404:
402:
400:
398:
396:
267:
773:
619:Amnesty International (1 March 2012).
680:
523:
488:
486:
484:
454:
61:19 July 1994 – 23 March 2000
16:President of Rwanda from 1994 to 2000
552:. Amnesty International. 7 June 2002
393:
210:throughout the 1980s. He joined the
162:Party for Democratic Renewal (2001–)
801:Rwandan Patriotic Front politicians
663:19 July 1994 – 23 March 2000
13:
481:
467:"Analysis: Why Bizimungu mattered"
428:
14:
842:
612:
586:
572:"Rwanda's ex-leader loses appeal"
752:
528:. PublicAffairs. pp. 318f.
826:Rwandan prisoners and detainees
623:. London: Amnesty International
493:Arthur Asiimwe (6 April 2007).
811:People of the Rwandan genocide
564:
542:
517:
1:
386:
309:
247:
181:National University of Rwanda
136:April 1950 (age 74)
574:. BBC News. 17 February 2006
345:(PDR), known as Ubuyanja in
343:Party for Democratic Renewal
337:Party for Democratic Renewal
256:, Bizimingu was born in the
7:
239:from 1996 to 1997, and the
10:
847:
414:"From president to prison"
761:
750:
714:
665:
656:
646:
641:
469:. BBC News. 23 March 2008
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148:
132:
127:
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99:
85:
65:
54:
46:
42:
30:
23:
222:in 1994 which ended the
185:University of Strasbourg
524:Wrong, Michela (2021).
416:. BBC News. 7 June 2004
285:Rwandan Patriotic Front
216:Rwandan Patriotic Front
158:Rwandan Patriotic Front
76:Pierre-CĂ©lestin Rwigema
365:to run consecutively.
355:prisoner of conscience
283:In 1990 he joined the
650:Théodore Sindikubwabo
351:Amnesty International
106:Théodore Sindikubwabo
806:Presidents of Rwanda
708:Presidents of Rwanda
373:Charles Ntakirutinka
360:He was placed under
289:Rwandan Armed Forces
268:Relationship to MRND
72:Faustin Twagiramungu
791:People from Gisenyi
659:President of Rwanda
278:Juvénal Habyarimana
208:Juvenal Habyarimana
201:President of Rwanda
49:President of Rwanda
642:Political offices
440:The New York Times
170:Serafina Bizimungu
768:
767:
675:
674:
666:Succeeded by
535:978-1-61039-843-5
293:Rwandan Civil War
220:Rwandan Civil War
197:Pasteur Bizimungu
194:
193:
37:Bizimungu in 1998
25:Pasteur Bizimungu
838:
756:
701:
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687:
678:
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647:Preceded by
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600:on 29 April 2011
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501:. Archived from
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304:Rwandan genocide
241:Second Congo War
224:Rwandan genocide
128:Personal details
114:
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68:
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35:
21:
20:
846:
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505:on 6 March 2016
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262:Filip Reyntjens
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237:First Congo War
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149:Political party
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442:. 20 July 1994
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297:Arusha Accords
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88:Vice President
83:
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80:Bernard Makuza
69:
67:Prime Minister
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27:
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786:Living people
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155:(1980s-1990)
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143:Rwanda-Urundi
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734:Sindikubwabo
657:
625:. Retrieved
614:
602:. Retrieved
598:the original
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576:. Retrieved
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554:. Retrieved
544:
525:
519:
507:. Retrieved
503:the original
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471:. Retrieved
444:. Retrieved
439:
430:
418:. Retrieved
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362:house arrest
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353:named him a
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328:
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318:RPF leader,
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313:
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231:
205:
196:
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113:Succeeded by
56:
18:
796:Hutu people
781:1950 births
729:Habyarimana
719:Mbonyumutwa
669:Paul Kagame
347:Kinyarwanda
320:Paul Kagame
228:Paul Kagame
160:(1990–2000)
118:Paul Kagame
101:Preceded by
94:Paul Kagame
775:Categories
556:22 January
387:References
310:Presidency
248:Early life
176:Alma mater
739:Bizimungu
724:Kayibanda
653:(Interim)
57:In office
604:18 April
316:de facto
232:de facto
47:3rd
763:interim
627:11 June
499:Reuters
258:Gisenyi
254:Rwandan
139:Gisenyi
744:Kagame
578:8 July
532:
509:8 July
473:8 July
446:8 July
420:8 July
379:Family
167:Spouse
214:-led
212:Tutsi
629:2020
606:2011
580:2012
558:2012
530:ISBN
511:2012
475:2012
448:2012
422:2012
274:MRND
153:MRND
133:Born
777::
497:.
483:^
456:^
438:.
395:^
357:.
306:.
299:.
252:A
141:,
700:e
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686:v
631:.
608:.
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513:.
477:.
450:.
424:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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