249:
591:
555:
531:
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42:
579:
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55:
603:
543:
567:
240:
238:
683:
650:
Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and
Wheeler 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Number 297. New York. Issued March 15,
684:
Sergius Kuzmin, David
Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir Ishchenko, Tatjana Dujsebayeva, Boris Tuniyev, Theodore Papenfuss, Trevor Beebee, Ismail H. Ugurtas, Max Sparreboom, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Steven Anderson, Mathieu Denoël, Franco Andreone (2009).
329:
is endemic to Europe. It naturally occurs from the northern half of France to western Russia, and from
Estonia and Denmark to Bulgaria and northern Italy. The edible frog is introduced in Spain, Norway and the United Kingdom. The natural range is nearly identical to that of
239:
500:(LLR or LRR) hybrids, providing L or R genomes respectively. In this situation, diploid hybrids (LR) generate not only haploid R or L gametes, but also the diploid gametes (RL) needed to recreate triploids.
450:
419:(RR) – providing the second, discarded parental genome (L or R respectively). Hybridogenesis is thus a hemiclonal mode of reproduction; half of the genome is transmitted to the next generation
868:
403:
of the other parental species (R or L, respectively), instead of containing mixed recombined parental genomes. The hybrid populations are usually propagated by mating (
1192:
John C. Avise, 2008.–Clonality. The genetics, ecology, and evolution of sexual abstinence in vertebrate animals. New York, Oxford
University Press: i-xi + 1-237.
1130:
1312:
804:
1324:
731:
1614:
919:
1508:
17:
1601:
1456:
554:
1627:
1131:"Phylogenetic relationships between parthenogens and their sexual relatives: the possible routes to parthenogenesis in animals"
1696:
1197:
1632:
1015:
1701:
518:
477:). The first is the primary hybridisation generating the hybrid; the second is the most widespread type of hybridogenesis.
1706:
303:. Females are between 5 and 9 cm (2.0 and 3.5 in) long, males between 6 and 11 cm (2.4 and 4.3 in).
1443:
952:"Gamete types, sex determination and stable equilibria of all-hybrid populations of diploid and triploid edible frogs (
481:
Because this hybrid requires another taxon as a sexual host to reproduce, usually one of the parental species, it is a
1645:
1274:
1240:
590:
1309:
1653:
1534:
1212:
Dubois, A.; Günther, R. (1982). "Klepton and synklepton: two new evolutionary systematics categories in zoology".
1593:
1513:
226:
211:
184:
578:
1079:
Ragghianti M, Bucci S, Marracci S, Casola C, Mancino G, Hotz H, Guex GD, Plötner J, Uzzell T (February 2007).
530:
1686:
1495:
345:
1321:
774:
248:
1482:
1409:
1404:
1214:
Zool. Jahrb. Syst. (Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für
Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere)
54:
1658:
1539:
1285:(3). ISSCA (International Society for the Study and Conservation of Amphibians): 61–74. Archived from
1251:(3). ISSCA (International Society for the Study and Conservation of Amphibians): 75–89. Archived from
1681:
506:
1275:"Nomenclature of parthenogenetic, gynogenetic and hybridogenetic vertebrate taxons: new proposals"
709:
1619:
1349:
725:
662:
566:
397:
157:
147:
1640:
1417:
887:
629:
420:
299:
It is used for food, particularly in France as well as
Germany and Italy, for the delicacy
1080:
869:"Potential impact of genome exclusion by alien species in the hybridogenetic water frogs (
542:
8:
1691:
424:
141:
891:
1046:
986:
951:
911:
602:
193:
49:
1183:(2). ISSCA (International Society for the Study and Conservation of Amphibians): 62–66
1575:
1221:
1193:
1172:
1150:
1105:
1038:
991:
903:
686:
1050:
915:
1580:
1340:. Mixed mating of pool frog and edible frog; pool frog are grass green and smaller.
1145:
1095:
1030:
981:
971:
895:
745:
704:
358:
275:
41:
1566:
1521:
1328:
1316:
1500:
449:
1588:
378:
292:
1333:
1100:
1034:
899:
1675:
1448:
1225:
1042:
907:
695:
385:
222:
207:
180:
1487:
976:
1372:
1286:
1252:
1109:
995:
404:
1469:
1381:
1606:
1526:
1461:
1396:
1386:
1128:
497:
493:
462:
430:
For example, in the most widespread so called L–E system, edible frogs
370:
290:(however, this latter term is also used for the North American species
126:
1474:
1430:
454:
362:
332:
300:
116:
96:
66:
1343:
1016:"A genetic mechanism of species replacement in European waterfrogs?"
1560:
1435:
1366:
408:
389:
86:
1337:
608:
482:
306:
This widespread and common frog has many common names, including
267:
169:
1422:
833:
Berger, L. (1970). "Some characteristics of the crossess within
782:
630:"Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 4"
400:
393:
76:
1220:. Jena; Stuttgart; New York.: Gustav Fischer Verlag: 290–305.
1078:
667:
The
Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art
279:
106:
1081:"Gametogenesis of intergroup hybrids of hemiclonal frogs"
1129:
Simon J.-C.; Delmotte F.; Rispe C.; Crease T. (2003).
1310:
ArchéoZooThèque : Edible frog skeleton drawing
632:. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA
492:There are also known all-hybrid populations, where
392:) exclude one parental genome (L or R) and produce
1014:Vorburger, Christoph; Reyer, Heinz-Ulrich (2003).
949:
1173:"Asexual and metasexual vertebrates. Book review"
945:
943:
941:
939:
1673:
627:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1005:
936:
866:
1211:
644:
1232:
1063:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
779:The Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Trust
730:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
710:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T58705A11825745.en
663:"Food and its influence on food and disease"
1238:
1002:
1029:(2). Kluwer Academic Publishers: 141–155.
832:
40:
1149:
1138:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1099:
985:
975:
849:
708:
1334:Video: Pool frogs and hybrid green frogs
1266:
1205:
1164:
621:
448:
442:(R) and mate with coexisting pool frogs
423:, unrecombined (intact); the other half
247:
236:
1122:
826:
485:, hence the addition of the "kl." (for
446:(L gametes) – see below in the middle.
438:(RE) produce gametes of the marsh frog
14:
1674:
1272:
1241:"The Biological Klepton Concept (BKC)"
1170:
660:
524:Attempted copulation between two males
1348:
1347:
1594:08fe860b-d7e7-4ba5-941c-9d4e09ab8b94
1239:Polls Pelaz, Manuel (October 1990).
837:complex in postlarval development".
696:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
673:. Leavitt, Trow, & Company: 40.
384:Hybridogenesis implies that during
24:
560:Head close-up, another perspective
25:
1718:
1322:Species account on HerpFrance.com
1303:
886:(1). Springer Netherlands: 1–13.
867:Holsbeek, G.; Jooris, R. (2010).
469:) and their hybrid, edible frog (
339:
1151:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00175.x
601:
589:
577:
565:
553:
541:
529:
517:
505:
312:European black-spotted pond frog
53:
960:as deduced from mtDNA analyses"
321:
1273:Dubois, Alain (October 1990).
797:
767:
738:
677:
654:
13:
1:
615:
346:Hybridogenesis in water frogs
253:Pelophylax esculentus complex
1697:Amphibians described in 1758
7:
1702:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
950:Christiansen D. G. (2009).
584:Edible frog in pond habitat
316:European black-spotted frog
278:species of common European
244:Sounds made by edible frogs
10:
1723:
1707:Habitats Directive species
572:Edible frog on a human arm
496:hybrids (LR) coexist with
343:
308:European dark-spotted frog
1550:
1356:
1101:10.1017/S0016672307008610
900:10.1007/s10530-009-9427-2
628:Frost, Darrel R. (2006).
199:
192:
163:
156:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
34:
18:Pelophylax kl. esculentus
964:BMC Evolutionary Biology
661:Truman, Matthew (1843).
453:Example crosses between
1035:10.1023/A:1023346824722
977:10.1186/1471-2148-9-135
775:"Non-native amphibians"
489:) in the species name.
1171:Dubois, Alain (2009).
596:Edible frog in a swamp
536:Example of cannibalism
478:
255:
245:
1358:Pelophylax esculentus
1023:Conservation Genetics
954:Pelophylax esculentus
871:Pelophylax esculentus
807:Pelophylax esculentus
748:Pelophylax esculentus
703:: e.T58705A11825745.
689:Pelophylax ridibundus
452:
375:Pelophylax ridibundus
327:Pelophylax esculentus
251:
243:
203:Pelophylax esculentus
1687:Amphibians of Europe
1589:Fauna Europaea (new)
377:). It reproduces by
282:, also known as the
27:Species of amphibian
892:2010BiInv..12....1H
785:on 9 September 2017
459:Pelophylax lessonae
444:Pelophylax lessonae
411:parental species –
367:Pelophylax lessonae
1327:2015-09-24 at the
1315:2019-09-13 at the
479:
256:
246:
1669:
1668:
1350:Taxon identifiers
1198:978-0-19-536967-0
754:artsdatabanken.no
284:common water frog
241:
235:
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16:(Redirected from
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1682:Amphibia hybrids
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1501:NHMSYS0020194861
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918:. Archived from
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781:. Archived from
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548:Close-up of head
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381:(hemiclonally).
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142:P. lessonae
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1329:Wayback Machine
1317:Wayback Machine
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388:hybrids (of RL
357:is the fertile
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1552:Rana esculenta
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1304:External links
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958:Rana esculenta
935:
880:Biol Invasions
848:
835:Rana esculenta
825:
809:, Edible Frog"
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756:(in Norwegian)
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427:, recombined.
379:hybridogenesis
344:Main article:
341:
340:Hybridogenesis
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293:Rana clamitans
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219:Rana esculenta
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1289:on 2015-06-23
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512:Swimming frog
508:
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467:P. ridibundus
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158:Binomial name
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1291:. Retrieved
1287:the original
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1257:. Retrieved
1253:the original
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1180:
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1141:
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1113:. Retrieved
1094:(1): 39–45.
1091:
1087:
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1026:
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970:(135): 135.
967:
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927:. Retrieved
920:the original
883:
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816:. Retrieved
812:
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783:the original
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753:
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726:cite journal
714:. Retrieved
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439:
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431:
429:
416:
412:
398:unrecombined
383:
374:
366:
354:
350:
349:
331:
326:
325:
322:Distribution
315:
311:
307:
305:
298:
291:
287:
283:
270:
264:
263:
259:
257:
252:
218:
202:
172:
166:
164:
146:
140:
139:
127:
35:Edible frog
29:
1470:iNaturalist
1382:AmphibiaWeb
1144:: 151–163.
813:AmphibiaWeb
789:9 September
413:P. lessonae
405:backcrosses
333:P. lessonae
260:edible frog
1692:Pelophylax
1676:Categories
1293:2015-06-22
1259:2015-06-22
1187:2015-06-22
1157:2012-07-30
1115:2012-07-25
1088:Genet. Res
1056:2015-06-21
929:2015-06-21
845:: 374–416.
818:28 January
760:2022-05-10
716:6 November
616:References
475:esculentus
463:marsh frog
436:esculentus
432:Pelophylax
371:marsh frog
369:) and the
355:esculentus
351:Pelophylax
288:green frog
271:esculentus
265:Pelophylax
173:esculentus
167:Pelophylax
128:Pelophylax
1567:Q50407501
1226:0044-5193
1043:1566-0621
908:1387-3547
873:complex)"
839:Ann. Zool
636:17 August
455:pool frog
409:sympatric
407:) with a
363:pool frog
301:frog legs
135:Species:
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
1620:11167776
1607:10665553
1561:Wikidata
1394:BioLib:
1367:Wikidata
1325:Archived
1313:Archived
1110:17517158
1051:20453910
996:19527499
916:23535815
498:triploid
425:sexually
421:clonally
415:(LL) or
396:with an
390:genotype
223:Linnaeus
208:Linnaeus
194:Synonyms
181:Linnaeus
113:Family:
97:Amphibia
87:Chordata
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
1659:1463707
1540:1463706
1462:5784980
1423:1018660
1338:YouTube
987:2709657
888:Bibcode
609:Tadpole
494:diploid
487:klepton
483:klepton
394:gametes
361:of the
274:) is a
123:Genus:
117:Ranidae
103:Order:
93:Class:
1633:665307
1488:110458
1449:316363
1436:RANSES
1410:317552
1373:Q31694
1279:Alytes
1245:Alytes
1224:
1196:
1177:Alytes
1108:
1049:
1041:
994:
984:
914:
906:
401:genome
359:hybrid
314:, and
276:hybrid
1654:WoRMS
1646:15395
1615:IRMNG
1581:4RDPJ
1535:WoRMS
1475:66322
1444:EUNIS
1134:(PDF)
1084:(PDF)
1047:S2CID
1019:(PDF)
923:(PDF)
912:S2CID
876:(PDF)
651:2006.
107:Anura
1628:ITIS
1602:GBIF
1527:2270
1514:8401
1509:NCBI
1457:GBIF
1431:EPPO
1405:BOLD
1387:5029
1222:ISSN
1194:ISBN
1106:PMID
1039:ISSN
992:PMID
904:ISSN
820:2014
791:2017
732:link
718:2023
701:2009
638:2006
473:kl.
434:kl.
353:kl.
280:frog
258:The
227:1758
212:1758
185:1758
1641:TSA
1576:CoL
1496:NBN
1483:ISC
1418:EoL
1397:334
1336:on
1218:109
1146:doi
1096:doi
1031:doi
982:PMC
972:doi
896:doi
705:doi
461:),
310:,
296:).
286:or
268:kl.
170:kl.
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