395:
411:
371:
383:
97:
713:
second collecting trip in 1889 four goats were released. They increased rapidly in numbers, stopping forest regeneration and almost driving some species to extinction. At the time Baylis visited in 1945, nearly 50 plant species had been driven locally extinct on Great Island, and others had been almost eliminated, with only a few or a single individual surviving in places inaccessible to goats. In 1946 a
Government shooting party was sent to the island and killed all 398 goats present.
33:
52:
74:
772:, and the remaining wild tree was thought to be entirely female. In the late 1980s, fruit was found for the first time on the one tree remaining in the wild, indicating that on occasion viable pollen was produced and self-fertilisation could occur, a rare occurrence in dioecious plants. However, it was discovered that few of self-pollinated fruit were fertile (around 1 in 2000).
784:
without hand-pollination, allowing many saplings to be grown. These plants were generally self-fertile, taking four or five years to produce fruit and seed. By 1998 hundreds of saplings had been grown from seed, but these were not immediately replanted on Great Island, for fear of introducing bacteria or fungal disease which could attack the remaining wild tree. In 2010 the
293:. Although the only wild tree is female, it was successfully propagated from cuttings in the 1950s, one of which was induced to self-pollinate in 1985. Subsequent seed-grown plants have themselves set seeds, and the species has been replanted on the island, the adjoining mainland, and in public and private gardens around New Zealand.
499:. I was soon gazing upon it in disbelief since a third find seemed too much to expect. But this was no karaka ā its leaves were larger and recurved strongly in the sun, its bunches of small green flowers sprang from the bare branches below the leaves and there were no big berries ā indeed none at all.
331:
It has leathery, green, egg-shaped alternate leaves around 12ā16 by 7ā10 cm. Adult leaves have smooth margins but young leaves are toothed. The leaves are large and flat in shade-grown plants, up to 20 by 10 cm, but notably curled along their sides ā almost rolled ā on branchlets exposed to
761:
can take 10 months to root, and the young trees, which were clones of the single wild tree, often died in the first year. From the 1970s onwards, cuttings from this generation of plants were propagated by specialist plant growers and made available to gardeners. In cultivation the trees grow readily
676:
It is only found in the wild on
ManawatÄwhi / Three Kings Islands, an island chain 55 kilometres (34 mi) north-west of the top of the North Island, on Great Island (ManawatÄwhi). There is only one tree known in the wild; a female growing above a cliff on the northern face of Great Island. This
744:
I asked George Smith the chief propagator at New
Plymouth what I might do to provide better cuttings. "Cut the tree down" he said, and while I shuddered at the thought he explained that he was confident about rooting shoots from the stump. But would there be any? Well, the tree had four trunks so I
727:
After discovering the tree in 1945, Baylis brought its only sucker shoot back to
Auckland, and planted it in his Dunedin garden, where it eventually took root. Following his death, his colleagues continued to care for the seedling, and after around 40 years they noted that it had set seed. Attempts
451:
forest or scrub. Cheeseman's novelties survived in small numbers beyond browse range. It was easy to see that the grassland offered nothing new, but the kanuka canopy was broken here and there by other textures and shades of green. I located these places by climbing trees at every vantage point and
783:
used plant hormone to produce viable pollen on a female tree in cultivation at Mt Albert
Research Centre, using hand-pollination to achieve self-fertilisation. One the seedlings produced as a result, named "Martha", was naturally self-fertile and from the early 1990s produced a good amount of seed
712:
did not reappear until 1946, which led Baylis to speculate that some goats may still have been present and preventing this species from re-establishing). The government survey party decided that Great Island needed to be stocked with animals that could feed shipwrecked sailors, so on
Cheeseman's
351:
is made up of a 1ā1.4 mm long anther on top of a 1.5 mm long filament, though the pollen is usually sterile. It has a 2.8 by 2 mm cylindrical ovary with a stigmatic ring 1.5ā1.8 mm in diameter. Fruiting is from
January through to April in cultivated plants yielding 10 by
707:
from almost all cultivatable land. MÄori occupation ended around 1840, and all livestock seem to have been removed at that time. When
Cheeseman landed in 1887, the island was almost covered with kÄnuka, and regenerating forest trees were plentiful (although
745:
dared to sever one. A year later the shoots were there, the Naval launch on which I was a guest gave them a quick passage to New
Plymouth which happened to be its next port and Mr Smith soon placed the survival of "
620:, citing amongst other features its distinctive thickened and curled leaves, its thicker twigs, and panicles of flowers that mostly arose directly from the trunk rather than at the ends of branches (known as
443:, director of Auckland Museum, who had only a few hours ashore), 1928, and 1934. Baylis spent a week on the island in NovemberāDecember 1945, and collected samples of 83 species of plants for Auckland Museum.
628:
It is not often that a botanist can decently attach his own name to a plant, but this paper aims to establish that the Three Kings tree is like most of the Three Kings endemics, the remains of a distinctive
1868:
283:
remained. This single tree grows on a scree slope inaccessible to browsing goats, and has been called "the world's loneliest tree". The species was discovered in 1945 by botanist
1976:
324:). It grows to a height of 5 m in the wild, though has been recorded reaching 8 m in cultivation. It has pale greyish-brown bark and branchlets that are covered with
754:
729:
495:
The last little grove that I investigated lay near the highest point of the island down a scree of boulders about 200m above the sea. I was drawn to it by what looked like a
716:
This species is threatened by habitat loss. The one tree remaining in the wild at Three Kings Island is at significant risk from storm damage, droughts and senescence.
940:
603:
2273:
1982:
2253:
1604:
737:
656:'s are small and hairless), a different arrangement of the stigmas, and thicker pedicels. A DNA phylogeny confirmed its distinctiveness, placing
633:
The importance of this distinction rested on the fact that only a single female tree remained on the Three Kings. If it and the
Norfolk Island
1876:
2127:
1108:
1641:
1183:
1577:
503:
He noted that the 4.5-metre tree was living on a seaward scree slope of greywacke boulders at an altitude of 233 metres, with pÅhutukawa (
1924:
1684:
2075:
785:
81:
700:
for at least 200 years, during which time they farmed goats and pigs and cleared the forest ā along the coast predominantly puka,
637:
were the same species it could be hybridised with Norfolk Island male trees and create a new and genetically variable population.
2150:
1899:
910:
780:
1226:
2268:
1508:
1027:
394:
432:
370:
272:
1464:
2263:
1776:"Winter frost resistance of leaves of some plants from the Three Kings Islands, grown outdoors in Dunedin, New Zealand"
439:, and at the time were relatively unknown botanically, with the only collecting expeditions in 1887 and 1889 (both by
1051:
949:
2132:
2101:
356:
fruit. Mature fruit are purple to black and have a single hard 9 by 3.5 mm seed. Its chromosome number is 2
2054:
2040:
792:
seeds from mainland fruit back on Great Island, after carefully treating them to avoid introducing pathogens.
2194:
2155:
336:
on the underside, at the junction of the midrib and secondary veins, and are suspended from 2.5 cm long
287:
and described in 1948, although it took decades before it was it was fully accepted as a distinct species of
56:
537:
418:
1410:(Pennantiaceae) based on whole chloroplast genome and nuclear ribosomal 18Sā26S repeat region sequences"
668:
as sister taxon to both of them, the three species diverging some time within the last 9 million years.
435:, on a botanical expedition. The Three Kings are located around 55 kilometres (34 mi) northwest of
2189:
1715:
680:
The species has now been propagated by plantings in various garden locations in New Zealand, including
96:
2142:
1022:. with Jane Connor & Barry Sneddon (Revised ed.). Nelson, New Zealand: Potton & Burton.
482:
1563:
1066:
860:
528:) growing nearby. The tree was forked at the base and badly eaten by insects. Baylis collected the
382:
343:
Flowering occurs from October to November, producing 1.5 by 1.5 mm greenish-white flowers in
560:
304:
is a shrubby, multi-trunked tree with a broad crown, unlike the three other species in the genus
811:) includes the Three Kings Islands. These saplings have been planted around the Waiora marae at
2258:
2002:
984:
721:
681:
2217:
1550:
586:
Oliver had not noticed the plant's similarity to the mainland New Zealand species kaikÅmako (
447:
By this time wild goats had eaten the place out. Part was closely browsed grass but most was
213:
2168:
2119:
1832:
1787:
1360:
1312:
1082:
505:
347:
with 2.6 mm petals. Flowers usually arise on woody branches, though some are terminal. The
8:
1971:
1533:"Table 3: Area (in 100 km2) of data contributions per country and within protected areas"
588:
472:
320:
41:
2181:
1836:
1791:
1364:
1316:
1086:
2225:
1658:
1432:
1386:
1200:
1045:
795:
In 2019, two hundred saplings raised by Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research were given to
91:
1751:
Gardner, Rhys O.; de Lange, Peter J.; Davidson, Geoff (June 2004). "Fruit and seed of
1503:. Audrey Lily Eagle, Audrey Lily Eagle. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press. p. 420.
2278:
2163:
2062:
1986:
1967:
1850:
1650:
1514:
1504:
1472:
1437:
1378:
1192:
1033:
1023:
837:
702:
1636:
1390:
1178:
804:
410:
252:
2230:
2067:
1845:
1840:
1816:
1800:
1795:
1775:
1666:
1536:
1427:
1417:
1368:
1325:
1320:
1296:
1208:
1094:
1090:
855:
685:
577:
524:
518:
512:
448:
440:
337:
1373:
1344:
1990:
1541:
1532:
796:
466:
134:
1422:
697:
652:, having large, hairy domatia at the junction of leaf midrib and lateral veins (
2176:
2025:
1605:"CuriousCity: How Wellington's Otari-Wilton's Bush is saving our native plants"
1405:
1141:
609:
121:
1953:
1037:
456:
since except in the main valley they were, even for goats, a bit inaccessible.
2247:
2114:
1854:
1654:
1476:
1382:
1196:
1174:
846:
569:
549:
496:
260:
61:
1518:
32:
2207:
1632:
1441:
1017:
733:
554:
428:
284:
1670:
1212:
762:
in sun or shade, and can tolerate wind and drought, and even light frost.
2088:
2034:
1498:
882:
776:
436:
276:
264:
1662:
1204:
883:"Assessment Details for Pennantia baylisiana (W.R.B.Oliv.) G.T.S.Baylis"
2080:
621:
612:
which has similarly-large leaves. Baylis disagreed and maintained that
311:
2093:
598:
593:
353:
306:
289:
190:
180:
1996:
2202:
2019:
1349:(Icacinaceae), a small isolated genus of Southern Hemisphere trees"
529:
333:
325:
268:
160:
147:
2106:
572:, which is where Oliver placed this species, erecting a new genus
816:
812:
344:
280:
170:
596:
sheets proposed that the species not only belonged in the genus
2049:
1925:"KaikÅmako manawa tÄwhi (Pennantia baylisiana) returned to iwi"
1685:"KaikÅmako manawa tÄwhi (Pennantia baylisiana) returned to iwi"
1071:(W.R.B. Oliv.) G.T.S. Baylis (Icacinaceae) and related species"
911:"Pennantia baylisiana (W.R.B.Oliv.) G.T.S.Baylis - Biota of NZ"
769:
348:
887:
453:
256:
108:
487:
After collecting the latter two, he describes coming across
460:
Four of Baylis's discoveries were new to science, including
829:
1150:
Journal of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture
1146:, New Zealand's rarest treeāits discovery and propagation"
800:
548:
The species was described by Director of Auckland Museum
431:
in 1945 when he visited Great Island, the largest of the
728:
to root cuttings from the crown of the tree by both the
583:
in recognition of the plantās discoverer Geoff Baylis.
1750:
1582:
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, NZ
568:
had until recently been considered to be in the family
480:
was represented by a single living individual), and
1109:"Pennantia baylisiana - The University of Auckland"
552:in 1948. Oliver noted its resemblance to the genus
1983:Native tree saved from extinction, returned to iwi
1714:
948:
417:holotype collected by Baylis in 1945, held at the
1465:"World's rarest tree comes home to the Far North"
696:ManawatÄwhi / Great Island had been inhabited by
558:, which includes the New Zealand species karaka (
332:sun and wind. They have distinctive hair-covered
279:, New Zealand. At the time of its discovery just
275:, around 55 kilometres (34 mi) northwest of
16:Species of flowering plant endemic to New Zealand
2245:
1631:
1500:Eagle's complete trees and shrubs of New Zealand
1173:
755:Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
1869:"New Zealand's rarest tree back form the brink"
1637:"Vegetation of Great Island, Three Kings Group"
1342:
1235:Auckland War Memorial Museum Collections Online
803:from Northland, whose traditional tribal area (
684:, and around 200 saplings have been planted in
1064:
861:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-2.RLTS.T30481A62768931.en
1343:Gardner, Rhys O.; de Lange, Peter J. (2002).
1642:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
1184:Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum
835:
314:juvenile form, unlike the other New Zealand
2254:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1578:"The loneliest tree: KaikÅmako manawatÄwhi"
1353:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
1015:
732:Plant Diseases Division and the commercial
677:tree has been called "the loneliest tree".
246:
2274:Flora of ManawatÄwhi / Three Kings Islands
376:Foliage, showing distinctive rolled leaves
72:
50:
31:
1960:Video by Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research
1958:) returns to the Far North and NgÄti Kuri
1844:
1799:
1773:
1540:
1431:
1421:
1372:
1324:
941:"The story of the world's loneliest tree"
859:
753:Cuttings were raised for 20 years at the
1757:New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter
1278:New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter
1067:"Chromosome numbers in the rare endemic
982:
592:); indeed, Sleumer in 1970 working from
409:
1716:"The Clifftop World of the Three Kings"
1708:
1706:
1065:Murray, B. G.; De Lange, P. J. (1995).
938:
427:was discovered by New Zealand botanist
2246:
1602:
1403:
1294:
1271:
1179:"The Flora of the Three Kings Islands"
1139:
989:New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
903:
664:as each other's closest relatives and
644:, Gardner and de Lange concluded that
452:reached them deviously via bluffs and
2001:
2000:
1897:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1627:
1625:
1496:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1338:
1336:
1247:Sleumer, H. (1970). "The identity of
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
2143:4a819923-ff05-42d5-916c-4c125d8ae375
1900:"World's rarest tree gets some help"
1814:
1712:
1703:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
939:Renwick, Dustin (25 December 2019).
934:
932:
917:. Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research
740:had failed. As Baylis later related,
640:In their 2002 revision of the genus
1713:Judd, Warren (JanuaryāMarch 1996).
847:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1989:interview with Sheridan Waitai of
1735:
1622:
1490:
1448:
1333:
1160:
722:The Guinness Book of World Records
14:
2290:
1947:
1126:
1016:Dawson, John; Lucas, Rob (2019).
1002:
985:"Pennantia baylisiana Fact Sheet"
965:
929:
724:as the rarest tree in the world.
433:ManawatÄwhi / Three Kings Islands
273:ManawatÄwhi / Three Kings Islands
267:in older classifications). It is
2195:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:434485-1
1406:"A dated phylogeny of the genus
1272:Baylis, G. R. F. (March 1989). "
915:New Zealand Plant Names Database
781:Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research
576:to contain it and giving it the
393:
381:
369:
95:
1917:
1891:
1861:
1808:
1767:
1677:
1596:
1570:
1525:
1397:
1288:
1265:
1241:
1219:
1140:Baylis, G. T. S. (March 1997).
691:
671:
1846:10.1080/0028825X.1996.10410706
1801:10.1080/0028825X.1984.10425258
1603:Dooney, Laura (24 July 2016).
1326:10.1080/0028825X.1977.10432558
1101:
1095:10.1080/0028825X.1995.10410628
1058:
875:
296:
1:
1898:Platt, John (20 April 2010).
1875:. 31 May 2010. Archived from
1825:New Zealand Journal of Botany
1780:New Zealand Journal of Botany
1374:10.1080/03014223.2002.9517715
1305:New Zealand Journal of Botany
1075:New Zealand Journal of Botany
1050:: CS1 maint: date and year (
822:
720:was previously recognised by
2269:Critically endangered plants
1404:Maurin, KĆ©vin J. L. (2020).
538:Auckland War Memorial Museum
419:Auckland War Memorial Museum
405:
7:
1497:Eagle, Audrey Lily (2006).
1423:10.3897/phytokeys.155.53460
1113:www.nzplants.auckland.ac.nz
983:de Lange, Peter J. (2003).
543:
10:
2295:
1542:10.7717/peerj.4096/table-3
1301:(Oliver) Baylis comb. nov"
1019:New Zealand's Native Trees
786:Department of Conservation
616:was a distinct species of
229:(W.R.B.Oliv.) G.T.S.Baylis
2264:Flora of the North Island
2009:
1295:Baylis, G. T. S. (1977).
1255:J. R. & G. Forster."
648:was indeed distinct from
483:Brachyglottis arborescens
219:
212:
92:Scientific classification
90:
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1954:KaikÅmako manawa tÄwhi (
1817:"The breeding system of
757:. Hardwood cuttings of
602:, but was a synonym of
561:Corynocarpus laevigatus
1774:Bannister, P. (1984).
1558:Cite journal requires
808:
751:
631:
540:) on 2 December 1945.
501:
458:
421:
247:
1276:(W. Oliver) Baylis".
854:: e.T30481A62768931.
836:de Lange, P. (2014).
742:
626:
506:Meterosideros excelsa
493:
445:
413:
400:Foliage, from beneath
310:. It does not have a
248:kaikÅmako manawatÄwhi
243:Three Kings kaikÅmako
57:Critically Endangered
2055:pennantia-baylisiana
2041:Pennantia baylisiana
2011:Pennantia baylisiana
1964:Pennantia baylisiana
1956:Pennantia baylisiana
1819:Pennantia baylisiana
1815:Webb, C. J. (1996).
1753:Pennantia baylisiana
1299:Pennantia baylisiana
1274:Pennantia baylisiana
1229:Pennantia baylisiana
1144:Pennantia baylisiana
1069:Pennantia baylisiana
840:Pennantia baylisiana
624:). In 1977 he wrote:
425:Pennantia baylisiana
415:Pennantia baylisiana
302:Pennantia baylisiana
241:, commonly known as
238:Pennantia baylisiana
223:Pennantia baylisiana
25:Pennantia baylisiana
1972:Critter of the Week
1904:Scientific American
1879:on 20 December 2012
1837:1996NZJB...34..421W
1792:1984NZJB...22..303B
1365:2002JRSNZ..32..669G
1317:1977NZJB...15..511B
1087:1995NZJB...33..563M
953:on 24 December 2019
945:National Geographic
682:Otari-Wilton's Bush
589:Pennantia corymbosa
473:Tecomanthe speciosa
318:species kaikÅmako (
255:), is a species of
78:Nationally Critical
42:Conservation status
1755:(Pennantiaceae)".
1584:. 1 September 2021
1471:. 25 August 2019.
516:), coastal maire (
422:
205:P. baylisiana
2241:
2240:
2164:Open Tree of Life
2003:Taxon identifiers
1510:978-0-909010-08-9
1469:Northern Advocate
1029:978-0-947503-98-7
738:Duncan and Davies
710:Meryta sinclairii
703:Meryta sinclairii
522:), and whÄrangi (
234:
233:
85:
65:
2286:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2198:
2197:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2110:
2109:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2028:
1998:
1997:
1993:, 13 August 2019
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1873:Science Learning
1865:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1748:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1718:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1633:Baylis, G. T. S.
1629:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1461:
1446:
1445:
1435:
1425:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1376:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1269:
1263:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1175:Oliver, W. R. B.
1171:
1158:
1157:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1013:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
980:
963:
962:
960:
958:
952:
947:. Archived from
936:
927:
926:
924:
922:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
863:
833:
578:specific epithet
525:Melicope ternata
519:Nestegis apetala
513:Kunzea ericoides
462:Suttonia dentata
441:Thomas Cheeseman
397:
385:
373:
250:
225:
100:
99:
79:
76:
75:
59:
54:
53:
35:
21:
20:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2149:
2141:
2139:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2048:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2005:
1977:10 January 2022
1950:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1931:. 1 August 2019
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1896:
1892:
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2015:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1995:
1994:
1979:
1961:
1949:
1948:External links
1946:
1943:
1942:
1929:Manaaki Whenua
1916:
1890:
1860:
1831:(3): 421ā422.
1821:(Icacinaceae)"
1807:
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1689:Manaaki Whenua
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693:
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545:
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404:
403:
402:
399:
392:
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388:Flowers in bud
387:
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1721:NZ Geographic
1717:
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1691:. August 2019
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1345:"Revision of
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790:P. baylisiana
787:
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773:
771:
767:
766:P. baylisiana
763:
760:
759:P. baylisiana
756:
750:
748:
741:
739:
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718:P. baylisiana
714:
711:
706:
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699:
689:
687:
683:
678:
669:
667:
666:P. baylisiana
663:
662:P. endlicheri
659:
655:
654:P. endlicheri
651:
650:P. endlicheri
647:
646:P. baylisiana
643:
638:
636:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
614:P. baylisiana
611:
607:
606:
605:P. endlicheri
601:
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584:
582:
579:
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570:Anacardiaceae
567:
563:
562:
557:
556:
551:
550:Walter Oliver
541:
539:
535:
534:P. baylisiana
531:
527:
526:
521:
520:
515:
514:
508:
507:
500:
498:
492:
490:
489:P. baylisiana
486:
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478:P. baylisiana
475:
474:
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261:Pennantiaceae
258:
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226:
224:
218:
215:
214:Binomial name
211:
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186:
185:
182:
181:Pennantiaceae
179:
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156:
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123:
122:Tracheophytes
120:
117:
114:
113:
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104:
103:
98:
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1933:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1877:the original
1872:
1863:
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1783:
1779:
1769:
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1752:
1725:. Retrieved
1720:
1693:. Retrieved
1688:
1679:
1646:
1640:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1581:
1572:
1551:cite journal
1527:
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1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1468:
1413:
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1352:
1346:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1290:
1281:
1277:
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1249:Plectomirtha
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1143:
1116:. Retrieved
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1103:
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992:. Retrieved
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950:the original
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865:. Retrieved
851:
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831:
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789:
774:
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764:
758:
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747:Plectomirtha
746:
743:
734:New Plymouth
726:
717:
715:
709:
701:
695:
692:Conservation
679:
675:
672:Distribution
665:
661:
658:P. corymbosa
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
639:
634:
632:
627:
617:
613:
604:
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587:
585:
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574:Plectomirtha
573:
566:Corynocarpus
565:
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555:Corynocarpus
553:
547:
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532:specimen of
523:
517:
510:
504:
502:
494:
488:
481:
477:
476:(which like
471:
465:
461:
459:
446:
429:Geoff Baylis
424:
423:
414:
362:P. corymbosa
361:
357:
352:4.5 mm
342:
330:
321:P. corymbosa
319:
315:
312:divaricating
305:
301:
300:
288:
285:Geoff Baylis
242:
237:
236:
235:
222:
220:
204:
203:
191:
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2089:iNaturalist
2035:Wikispecies
1649:: 239ā252.
1482:3 September
1251:Oliv. with
1191:: 211ā238.
1156:(1): 12ā13.
867:15 November
815:, north of
777:Ross Beever
629:population.
536:(housed in
437:Cape Reinga
297:Description
277:Cape Reinga
265:Icacinaceae
135:Angiosperms
2248:Categories
2177:Plant List
1991:NgÄti KurÄ«
1262:: 217ā218.
1038:1126327869
823:References
799:, a MÄori
797:NgÄti KurÄ«
622:cauliflory
581:baylisiana
509:), kÄnuka
1855:0028-825X
1671:Q58676659
1655:0067-0464
1477:1170-0777
1414:PhytoKeys
1408:Pennantia
1383:0303-6758
1347:Pennantia
1253:Pennantia
1231:Holotype"
1213:Q58676658
1197:0067-0464
1046:cite book
895:24 August
770:dioecious
686:Northland
642:Pennantia
635:Pennantia
618:Pennantia
599:Pennantia
594:herbarium
406:Discovery
354:ellipsoid
326:lenticels
316:Pennantia
307:Pennantia
290:Pennantia
281:one plant
199:Species:
192:Pennantia
105:Kingdom:
2279:Endlings
2208:50154088
2203:Tropicos
2107:434485-1
2026:Q2944420
2020:Wikidata
1763:: 21ā23.
1695:23 April
1667:Wikidata
1663:42906014
1635:(1948).
1519:85262201
1442:32863722
1391:83782970
1209:Wikidata
1205:42906013
1177:(1948).
1118:23 April
775:In 1985
736:nursery
544:Taxonomy
530:holotype
345:panicles
338:petioles
177:Family:
161:Asterids
148:Eudicots
62:IUCN 3.1
2218:7140395
2081:3596621
1909:10 June
1883:12 June
1833:Bibcode
1788:Bibcode
1727:10 June
1588:10 June
1433:7428460
1361:Bibcode
1313:Bibcode
1083:Bibcode
994:11 June
957:10 June
921:12 June
817:Kaitaia
813:Ngataki
334:domatia
269:endemic
187:Genus:
171:Apiales
167:Order:
109:Plantae
80: (
60: (
2215:uBio:
2169:238314
2140:NZOR:
2133:453355
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2050:ARKive
1935:9 June
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497:karaka
454:screes
449:kanuka
349:stamen
82:NZ TCS
2151:NZPCN
2120:30481
2068:76JMM
1659:JSTOR
1609:Stuff
1387:S2CID
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1201:JSTOR
888:NZTCS
805:MÄori
779:from
698:MÄori
608:from
464:(now
257:plant
253:MÄori
155:Clade
142:Clade
129:Clade
116:Clade
2190:POWO
2128:NCBI
2115:IUCN
2102:IPNI
2076:GBIF
1937:2022
1911:2022
1885:2022
1851:ISSN
1729:2022
1723:(29)
1697:2021
1651:ISSN
1616:2022
1590:2022
1564:help
1515:OCLC
1505:ISBN
1484:2019
1473:ISSN
1438:PMID
1379:ISSN
1193:ISSN
1120:2021
1052:link
1034:OCLC
1024:ISBN
996:2022
959:2022
923:2022
897:2021
869:2021
852:2014
809:rohe
730:DSIR
660:and
2226:WFO
2063:CoL
1987:RNZ
1985:";
1968:RNZ
1841:doi
1796:doi
1537:doi
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